Allylamine: Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE cells in dogs and rats. Useful for experiments dealing with arterial injury, myocardial fibrosis or cardiac decompensation.Amines: A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Naphthalenes: Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics.Squalene Monooxygenase: The second enzyme in the committed pathway for CHOLESTEROL biosynthesis, this enzyme catalyzes the first oxygenation step in the biosynthesis of STEROLS and is thought to be a rate limiting enzyme in this pathway. Specifically, this enzyme catalyzes the conversion of SQUALENE to (S)-squalene-2,3-epoxide.Ketoconazole: Broad spectrum antifungal agent used for long periods at high doses, especially in immunosuppressed patients.Indolequinones: INDOLES which have two keto groups forming QUINONES like structures of the indole aromatic ring.PolyaminesDictionaries, MedicalDictionaries as Topic: Lists of words, usually in alphabetical order, giving information about form, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, and meaning.Heart Failure: A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.Muscle, Smooth, Vascular: The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.Myocytes, Smooth Muscle: Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE).Dictionaries, ChemicalTulipa: A plant genus of the family LILIACEAE. Members contain tuliposides and tulipalins and have been associated with allergic contact dermatitis in florists.Emergency Medicine: The branch of medicine concerned with the evaluation and initial treatment of urgent and emergent medical problems, such as those caused by accidents, trauma, sudden illness, poisoning, or disasters. Emergency medical care can be provided at the hospital or at sites outside the medical facility.Azoles: Five membered rings containing a NITROGEN atom.Polyenes: Hydrocarbons with more than one double bond. They are a reduced form of POLYYNES.Antifungal Agents: Substances that destroy fungi by suppressing their ability to grow or reproduce. They differ from FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL because they defend against fungi present in human or animal tissues.Candida: A genus of yeast-like mitosporic Saccharomycetales fungi characterized by producing yeast cells, mycelia, pseudomycelia, and blastophores. It is commonly part of the normal flora of the skin, mouth, intestinal tract, and vagina, but can cause a variety of infections, including CANDIDIASIS; ONYCHOMYCOSIS; vulvovaginal candidiasis (CANDIDIASIS, VULVOVAGINAL), and thrush (see CANDIDIASIS, ORAL). (From Dorland, 28th ed)Candidiasis: Infection with a fungus of the genus CANDIDA. It is usually a superficial infection of the moist areas of the body and is generally caused by CANDIDA ALBICANS. (Dorland, 27th ed)Tinea: Fungal infection of keratinized tissues such as hair, skin and nails. The main causative fungi include MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON.Hand DermatosesPyridones: Pyridine derivatives with one or more keto groups on the ring.Stenella: A genus comprised of spinner, spotted, and striped DOLPHINS, in the family Delphinidae. Schools of Stenella, that may number in the thousands, often associate with schools of TUNA, and are thus vulnerable to accidental harvesting.Tinea Pedis: Dermatological pruritic lesion in the feet, caused by Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, or Epidermophyton floccosum.Cladosporium: A mitosporic Loculoascomycetes fungal genus including some economically important plant parasites. Teleomorphs include Mycosphaerella and Venturia.Exophiala: A normally saprophytic mitosporic Chaetothyriales fungal genus. Infections in humans include PHAEOHYPHOMYCOSIS; and PERITONITIS.. Exophiala jeanselmei (previously Phialophora jeanselmei) is an etiological agent of MYCETOMA.Formularies as Topic: Works about lists of drugs or collections of recipes, formulas, and prescriptions for the compounding of medicinal preparations. Formularies differ from PHARMACOPOEIAS in that they are less complete, lacking full descriptions of the drugs, their formulations, analytic composition, chemical properties, etc. In hospitals, formularies list all drugs commonly stocked in the hospital pharmacy.Economics, Pharmaceutical: Economic aspects of the fields of pharmacy and pharmacology as they apply to the development and study of medical economics in rational drug therapy and the impact of pharmaceuticals on the cost of medical care. Pharmaceutical economics also includes the economic considerations of the pharmaceutical care delivery system and in drug prescribing, particularly of cost-benefit values. (From J Res Pharm Econ 1989;1(1); PharmacoEcon 1992;1(1))Drug Industry: That segment of commercial enterprise devoted to the design, development, and manufacture of chemical products for use in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, disability, or other dysfunction, or to improve function.Academies and Institutes: Organizations representing specialized fields which are accepted as authoritative; may be non-governmental, university or an independent research organization, e.g., National Academy of Sciences, Brookings Institution, etc.Security Measures: Regulations to assure protection of property and equipment.Legislation, Food: Laws and regulations concerned with industrial processing and marketing of foods.Polyethyleneimine: Strongly cationic polymer that binds to certain proteins; used as a marker in immunology, to precipitate and purify enzymes and lipids. Synonyms: aziridine polymer; Epamine; Epomine; ethylenimine polymer; Montrek; PEI; Polymin(e).Azulenes: Compounds based on a seven-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring. Heat can rearrange them to NAPHTHALENES which have two fused six-membered rings. They are similar to guaiazulenes which are SESQUITERPENES with a six-membered ring fused to a five-membered ring.Chemistry, Physical: The study of CHEMICAL PHENOMENA and processes in terms of the underlying PHYSICAL PHENOMENA and processes.Gene Transfer Techniques: The introduction of functional (usually cloned) GENES into cells. A variety of techniques and naturally occurring processes are used for the gene transfer such as cell hybridization, LIPOSOMES or microcell-mediated gene transfer, ELECTROPORATION, chromosome-mediated gene transfer, TRANSFECTION, and GENETIC TRANSDUCTION. Gene transfer may result in genetically transformed cells and individual organisms.Quaternary Ammonium Compounds: Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN=CR2.Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases: Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of multiple ADP-RIBOSE groups from nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) onto protein targets, thus building up a linear or branched homopolymer of repeating ADP-ribose units i.e., POLY ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSE.Ferric Compounds: Inorganic or organic compounds containing trivalent iron.Magnetite Nanoparticles: Synthesized magnetic particles under 100 nanometers possessing many biomedical applications including DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and CONTRAST AGENTS. The particles are usually coated with a variety of polymeric compounds.Nanoparticles: Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.Ferrosoferric Oxide: Iron (II,III) oxide (Fe3O4). It is a black ore of IRON that forms opaque crystals and exerts strong magnetism.Dextrans: A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.Polymers: Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).Tinea Versicolor: A common chronic, noninflammatory and usually symptomless disorder, characterized by the occurrence of multiple macular patches of all sizes and shapes, and varying in pigmentation from fawn-colored to brown. It is seen most frequently in hot, humid, tropical regions, and is caused by Pityrosporon orbiculare. (Dorland, 27th ed)Tinea Capitis: Ringworm of the scalp and associated hair mainly caused by species of MICROSPORUM; TRICHOPHYTON; and EPIDERMOPHYTON, which may occasionally involve the eyebrows and eyelashes.Trichophyton: A mitosporic fungal genus and an anamorphic form of Arthroderma. Various species attack the skin, nails, and hair.Dermatomycoses: Superficial infections of the skin or its appendages by any of various fungi.Hazardous Substances: Elements, compounds, mixtures, or solutions that are considered severely harmful to human health and the environment. They include substances that are toxic, corrosive, flammable, or explosive.Boranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Perchlorates: Compounds that contain the Cl(=O)(=O)(=O)O- structure. Included under this heading is perchloric acid and the salts and ester forms of perchlorate.Bromine: A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 36, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.Allyl CompoundsNitrogen Compounds: Inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen as an integral part of the molecule.
Systematic review of topical treatments for fungal infections of the skin and nails of the feet. (1/66)
OBJECTIVE: To identify and synthesise the evidence for efficacy and cost effectiveness of topical treatments for superficial fungal infections of the skin and nails of the feet. DESIGN: Systematic review. INTERVENTIONS: Topical treatments for superficial fungal infections. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cure confirmed by culture and microscopy for skin and by culture for nails in patients with clinically diagnosed fungal infections. RESULTS: Of 126 trials identified in 121 papers, 72 (57.1%) met the inclusion criteria. Placebo controlled trials yielded pooled relative risks of failure to cure skin infections: allylamines (0.30, 95% confidence interval 0.24 to 0.38); azoles (0.54, 0.42 to 0.68); undecenoic acid (0.28, 0. 11 to 0.74); and tolnaftate (0.46, 0.17 to 1.22). Although meta-analysis of 11 trials comparing allylamines and azoles showed a relative risk of failure to cure of 0.88 (0.78 to 0.99) in favour of allylamines, there was evidence of language bias. Seven reports in English favoured allylamines (0.79, 0.69 to 0.91), but four reports in foreign languages showed no difference between the two drugs (1. 01, 0.90 to 1.13). Neither trial of nail infections showed significant differences between alternative topical treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Allylamines, azoles, and undecenoic acid were efficacious in placebo controlled trials. There are sufficient comparative trials to judge relative efficacy only between allylamines and azoles. Allylamines cure slightly more infections than azoles but are much more expensive than azoles. The most cost effective strategy is first to treat with azoles or undecenoic acid and to use allylamines only if that fails. (+info)Opposite effects of GABA(A) and GABA(C) receptor antagonists on the b-wave of ERG recorded from the isolated rat retina. (2/66)
The largest component in the fully dark-adapted ERG is a corneal-positive response, known as the b-wave, and believed to originate from depolarizing (ON-type) bipolar cells. The two types of GABA receptors, GABA(A) and GABA(C) have been reported to exist on bipolar cells in rat retina. The goal of these experiments was to find whether these GABA receptors participate in the generation of the b-wave of electroretinogram (ERG). ERGs were recorded from the isolated rat retinas. The P(2)(t) component, obtained by subtracting the ERGs measured before the application of 50 micrograms APB from those measured after the application of 50 micrograms APB, was used as an indicator of depolarizing bipolar cell activity. Photovoltages, the fast P(3)(t) component of ERG, were registered between the two microelectrodes across the rod outer segments. Bicuculline and 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid (3-APA) were used as selective antagonists of GABA(A) and GABA(C) receptors, respectively. It was found that the GABA(A) and GABA(C) receptors antagonists have opposite effects on the b-wave: bicuculline increased the b-wave amplitude, while 3-APA reduced the amplitude of the b-wave. Neither bicuculline nor 3-APA affect photoreceptors. (+info)New therapies on the horizon. (3/66)
Statins have proved to be potent drugs for reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. However, because the response to current statin therapy regimens is not always sufficient to reach defined goal levels, additional drugs to lower LDL-C are needed. New drugs may soon be available to lower LDL-C levels by mechanisms that differ from those of the statins. Among these new agents are a bile acid binding resin, inhibitors of bile acid transport, inhibitors of cholesterol transport, inhibitors of cholesterol esterification, and triglyceride-lowering agents. (+info)The development of an in-vitro perfusion system for studies on cultured cells. (4/66)
The design and use of a perfusion system, using a modified flow chamber for studies on cultured animal cells, is described. Rat thoracic aorta smooth muscle cells were isolated by an explant method and grown on Thermanox coverslips. These were introduced into the flow chamber. A flow rate of 25ml/min and a shear stress of 14.6 dynes/cm2 (12 dyne = 10 microN) (both within physiological limits) were maintained. Cells remained attached to the coverslips after 8h of perfusion with culture medium. The effect of exposing rat smooth muscle cells to the cardiovascular toxin, allylamine, is also described. The components of the system are routinely available, simple to clean, easy to assemble and sterilize. The incorporation of an in-line sensor that monitors pH, PO2, PCO2 and temperature ensures that the perfusion conditions remain within physiological limits. Automation means that minimal supervision is required. This system provides a potential mechanism in which cultured vascular cells may be perfused under controlled haemodynamic conditions, and their response to a cytotoxin may be evaluated. (+info)Overview of pharmacologic therapy for the treatment of dyslipidemia. (5/66)
Although the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) guidelines stress the importance of nonpharmacologic lipid modification interventions such as diet and exercise, the guidelines also recognize that many patients will require drug therapy to achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target goals. Currently available lipid-modifying drugs include bile acid sequestrants (or resins), fibrates, nicotinic acid, and statins, with each class exerting different effects on the lipid profile. In addition, nonprescription agents such as plant stanols and sterols have been shown to be effective in modifying plasma lipids. Of these agents, the statins are the most effective, most widely prescribed, and best-tolerated form of lipid-lowering drug therapy. New formulations of other drugs, such as niacin and bile acid sequestrants, can also improve treatment regimes and reduce side effects, thereby improving patient compliance with these therapies. In patients who have high levels of LDL-C and triglycerides together with low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), combination therapy may be required. Ezetimibe, a selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor, is the first of a new class of lipid-lowering agents and provides a new agent for the management of patients with dyslipidemia. Data from the ezetimibe clinical development program suggests that this agent can be used alone or in combination with statins to reduce LDL-C, improve compliance, and bring more patients to ATP III target goal. (+info)Regulation of alpha7-integrin expression in vascular smooth muscle by injury-induced atherosclerosis. (6/66)
Injury of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by allylamine (AAM) leads to phenotypic changes associated with atherogenic progression including increased proliferation, migration, and alterations in cell adhesion. In the present study, the relationship between AAM-induced vascular injury and expression of the alpha(7)-integrin subunit was investigated. The alpha(7)-mRNA and protein expression were examined using real-time RT-PCR, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis (FACS), immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting. In cultured VSMCs from aortas of AAM-treated rats (70 mg/kg for 20 days), alpha(7)-mRNA levels were increased more than twofold compared with control cells. No change was seen in beta(1)-integrin expression. FACS analysis revealed increased cell surface expression of alpha(7)-protein (25 +/- 9%; *P < 0.05). AAM treatment of naive VSMCs enhanced alpha(7)-mRNA expression (2.4 +/- 0.7-fold, mean +/- SE; *P < 0.05). The increased alpha(7)-mRNA expression was attenuated by the amine oxidase inhibitor semicarbazide and the antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, which confirms a role for oxidative stress in modulating alpha(7)-expression. In vivo alpha(7)-mRNA and protein expression were enhanced in the aortas of AAM-treated rats. In addition, increased alpha(7)-integrin expression facilitated AAM VSMC adhesion to laminin more efficiently compared with control (51 +/- 2%; *P < 0.05). Chemical injury induced by AAM significantly enhances alpha(7)-integrin expression in VSMCs. These findings implicate for the first time the expression of alpha(7)-integrin during the response of VSMCs to vascular injury. (+info)Ketogenic diet decreases circulating concentrations of neuroactive steroids of female rats. (7/66)
Ketogenic diet (KD) is used to manage intractable epilepsy; however, the mechanisms underlying its therapeutic effects are not known. Steroid hormones, such as progesterone and testosterone, are derived from cholesterol, and are readily 5alpha-reduced to dihydroprogesterone and dihydrotestosterone, which are subsequently converted to 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one (3alpha,5alpha-THP) and 3alpha-androstanediol, neuroactive steroids that can influence seizures. The present study examined the effects of the KD on circulating concentrations of these neuroactive steroids, and their precursors, in intact female rats. Thirty-six, 22-day-old female Sprague-Dawley rats (weaned at 21 days) were fasted for 8 hours prior to placement on one of three dietary regimens for 6 weeks: ad libitum chow, calorie-restricted chow, or KD. After 6 weeks of the diet, when six rats in each dietary condition were in diestrus and six were in behavioral estrus, all rats were administered pentylenetetrazole (PTZ, 70 mg/kg, i.p.). The latency and incidence of seizures were recorded by an observer who was uninformed of the estrous cycle and dietary treatment conditions of the rats. Immediately after each test, trunk blood was obtained for later measurement of pregnane (progesterone, dihydroprogesterone, 3alpha,5alpha-THP) and androstane (testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, 3alpha-androstanediol) neuroactive steroid concentrations in plasma by radioimmunoassay. KD tended to lengthen the latency to, and significantly reduced the number of, PTZ-induced barrel roll seizures. KD also significantly reduced plasma levels of the pregnane (dihydroprogesterone, 3alpha,5alpha-THP) and androstane (dihydrotestosterone, 3alpha-androstanediol) 5alpha-reduced metabolites. These data suggest that levels of pregnane and androstane neuroactive steroids, or their precursors, may underlie some of the antiseizure effects of KD. (+info)Asymmetric synthesis of 4,5,6- and 3,4,5,6-substituted azepanes by a highly diastereoselective and enantioselective lithiation-conjugate addition sequence. (8/66)
Asymmetric syntheses of 4,5,6- and 3,4,5,6-substituted azepanes have been achieved by highly diastereoselective and enantioselective (-)-sparteine-mediated asymmetric lithiation-conjugate additions of N-Boc-N-(p-methoxyphenyl)-2,3-substituted allylamines to a beta-aryl alpha,beta-unsaturated ester followed by hydrolysis, cyclization, and reduction. Access to the enantiomeric adduct is provided by an invertive lithiation-stannylation-lithiation sequence. (+info)Allylamines[edit]. Allylamines[3] inhibit squalene epoxidase, another enzyme required for ergosterol synthesis. Examples ... Tolnaftate - a thiocarbamate antifungal, which inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase (similar mechanism to allylamines like ... "Research and Markets: Global Antifungal Therapeutics (Polyenes, Azoles, Echinocandins, Allylamines) Market:Trends and ...
Hydrolysis of allyl isothiocyanate gives allylamine. Allyl isothiocyanate has an LD50 of 151 mg/kg and is a lachrymator. Based ... Leffler, M. T. (1938). "Allylamine". Organic Syntheses. 18: 5. ; Collective Volume, 2, p. 24 Zhang, Y (2010). "Allyl ...
The substance appears to have a slight toxicity in higher doses, with effects such as liver and intestinal disorders at high exposure in test animals (just below LD50 level).[citation needed] Some reproductive disorders and decreasing weaning weight have been observed, also at high exposure. Effects on humans from use as a drug include nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, dizziness, drowsiness, or headache; very rarely also ringing in the ears, vision changes, stomach pain, yellowing eyes and skin, dark urine, fever, fatigue, increased thirst and change in the amount of urine occur.[citation needed] Carcinogenic effects have been shown at higher doses.[11] ...
It is commonly available without a prescription in various dosage forms, such as a topical cream, ointment, or vaginal suppository. It is also available as an oral troche or throat lozenge as a prescription only. Topically, clotrimazole is used for vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection) or yeast infections of the skin. For vulvovaginal candidiasis (yeast infection), clotrimazole tablets and creams are inserted into the vagina. Topical clotrimazole is usually not effective in treatment of fungal infections of the scalp or nails.[citation needed] When using over-the-counter drug clotrimazole products, use should be discontinued if condition does not improve after treatment for 2 weeks for jock itch or after 4 weeks for athlete's foot or ringworm.[6] Throat lozenge preparations are used for oropharyngeal candidiasis (oral thrush) or prevention of oral thrush in people with neutropenia.[6] Clotrimazole is usually used 5 times daily for 14 days for oral thrush, twice daily for 2 to 8 weeks for ...
InChI=1S/C58H73N7O17/c1-5-6-7-24-82-40-22-18-35(19-23-40)33-10-8-32(9-11-33)34-12-14-37(15-13-34)51(74)59-41-26-43(70)54(77)63-56(79)47-48(71)29(2)27-65(47)58(81)45(31(4)67)61-55(78)46(50(73)49(72)36-16-20-38(68)21-17-36)62-53(76)42-25-39(69)28-64(42)57(80)44(30(3)66)60-52(41)75/h8-23,29-31,39,41-50,54,66-73,77H,5-7,24-28H2,1-4H3,(H,59,74)(H,60,75)(H,61,78)(H,62,76)(H,63,79)/t29-,30+,31+,39+,41-,42?,43+,44?,45?,46?,47?,48-,49+,50+,54+/m0/s1 ...
... , also known as selenium sulfide, is a medication used to treat pityriasis versicolor, seborrhoeic dermatitis, and dandruff.[1] It is applied to the affected area as a lotion or shampoo.[2] Dandruff frequently returns if treatment is stopped.[3] Side effects include hair loss, irritation of the skin, weakness, and feeling tired.[1] Use is not recommended in children less than 2-5 years old.[3][1] Use in pregnancy or breastfeeding has not been studied.[4] Selenium disulfide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula SeS2.[5] Selenium disulfide was approved for medical use in the United States at least as early as 1951.[3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most effective and safe medicines needed in a health system.[6] Selenium disulfide is available as a generic medication and over the counter.[2] In the United States a month of treatment costs less than 25 USD.[2] In the United Kingdom 100 ml of 2.5% shampoo costs the NHS about ...
... (trade names Oxistat in the US, Oxizole in Canada) is an antifungal medication typically administered in a cream or lotion to treat skin infections, such as athlete's foot, jock itch and ringworm. It can also be prescribed to treat the skin rash known as tinea versicolor, caused by systemic yeast overgrowth (Candida spp.). ...
... has been used for decades in the food industry as a hurdle to fungal outgrowth in dairy products and other foods. Potential advantages for the usage of natamycin might include the replacement of traditional chemical preservatives, a neutral flavor impact, and less dependence on pH for efficacy, as is common with chemical preservatives. It can be applied in a variety of ways: as an aqueous suspension (such as mixed into a brine) sprayed on the product or into which the product is dipped, or in powdered form (along with an anticaking agent such as cellulose) sprinkled on or mixed into the product. While not currently approved for use on meats in the United States, some countries allow natamycin to be applied to the surface of dry and fermented sausages to prevent mold growth on the casing. Also, natamycin is approved for various dairy applications in the United States. More specifically, natamycin is commonly used in products such as cream cheeses, cottage cheese, sour cream, yogurt, ...
Lin, K.-F.; Lin, J.-S.; Cheng, C.-H. (1996). "High temperature resins based on allylamine/bismaleimides". Polymer. 37 (21): ...
Like the allylamine antifungals, butenafine works by inhibiting the synthesis of ergosterol by inhibiting squalene epoxidase, ... It is structurally related to synthetic allylamine antifungals such as terbinafine. Butenafine is indicated for the topical ...
... is in the allylamines family of medications. It works by decreasing the ability of fungi to make sterols. and is ... Like other allylamines, terbinafine inhibits ergosterol synthesis by inhibiting squalene epoxidase, an enzyme that catalyzes ...
Both systems produced the desired allyl amines in high yield, which contain an alkene that can be further functionalized ... The isolation and characterization of the rarer and more synthetically valuable kinetic allyl amine product was reported when ... Functionalized allylamines, which can be produced through hydroamination, have extensive pharmaceutical application, although ... Hydroamination has been utilized to synthesize the allylamine Cinnarizine in quantitative yield. Cinnarizine treats both ...
Its formation can be associated with a reaction with an allylamine and various reagents via heck coupling are able to remove ... Aminoallyl nucleotide is a nucleotide with a modified base containing an allylamine. They are used in post-labeling of nucleic ... the halogen group from the base and add the allylamine to become the aminoallyl nucleoside shown on the right. The product on ...
Diethylthiambutene Tipepidine U.S. Patent 2,561,899 - Dithienyl Allyl Amines. ...
Nubbemeyer, U. (1995). "1,2-Asymmetric Induction in the Zwitterionic Claisen Rearrangement of Allylamines". J. Org. Chem. 60 ( ...
... is best treated with topical antifungal medications of the allylamine or azole type. The evidence is best for ...
CH2=CHCH2Cl + NaNH2 → C3H4 (cyclopropene) + NaCl + NH3 The major byproduct of the reaction is allylamine. Adding allyl chloride ...
Alternative routes include the partial hydrogenation of succinimide and the carbonylation of allylamine with methyl amine. 2- ...
... allylamine hydrochloride) composite". Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 396: 258-263. doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2013.01.023. ...
US Patent 2561899 - Dithienyl Allyl Amines by Donald Wallace Adamson Adamson DW, Green AF. A new series of analgesics. Nature. ...
Synthesis of allyl amines Petasis and coworkers proposed, in their seminal study, that vinyl boronic acids can react with the ... In comparison to other methods of generating allyl amines, the Petasis reaction tolerates a multifunctional scaffold, with a ... the corresponding allylamine is formed as a single diastereomer. Furthermore, enantiomeric purity can be achieved by ... A new method for the synthesis of geometrically pure allylamines". Tetrahedron Lett. 34 (4): 583-586. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00 ...
... they have found that vinyl boronic acids can participate as nucleophiles to give geometrically pure allylamines .This modified ... A new method for the synthesis of geometrically pure allylamines". Tetrahedron Letters. 34 (4): 583-586. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039 ...
The molecular formula C3H7N may refer to: Allylamine (2-propen-1-amine) Azetidine (trimethylenimine) Cyclopropylamine 2- ...
The compound is a reagent in the Doyle-Kirmse reaction with allyl sulfides and allyl amines. Inhalation of ...
"Research and Markets: Global Antifungal Therapeutics (Polyenes, Azoles, Echinocandins, Allylamines) Market:Trends and ... similar mechanism to allylamines like terbinafine)[medical citation needed] Undecylenic acid - an unsaturated fatty acid ... Fluconazole Isavuconazole Itraconazole Posaconazole Propiconazole Ravuconazole Terconazole Voriconazole Abafungin Allylamines ...
Functionalized allylamines have extensive pharmaceutical applications. Pharmaceutically important allylamines include ... an atom-economical method for the synthesis of N-allylamines". RSC Advances. 3 (43): 20708. doi:10.1039/c3ra43870h. Allylamine ... Allylamine, like other allyl derivatives is a lachrymator and skin irritant. Its oral LD50 is 106 mg/kg for rats. Nomenclature ... Allylamine is an organic compound with the formula C3H5NH2. This colorless liquid is the simplest stable unsaturated amine. All ...
Lachrymation. The substance is corrosive to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Corrosive on ingestion. Inhalation may cause lung oedema. See Notes. Exposure could cause severe swelling of the throat. The substance may cause effects on cardiovascular system and nervous system. This may result in cardiac disorders and impaired functions. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated ...
Allylamine, hydrochloride, homopolymer. Regulatory process names 1 IUPAC names 2 Other identifiers 1 ...
Allylamine. Possesses an unusual and selective cytotoxicity for Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Dogs and Rats. Useful for ...
About this substance This section provides an overview of the calculated volume at which the substance is manufactured or imported to the European Economic Area (EU28 + Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway). Additionally, if available, information on the use of the substance and how consumers and workers are likely to be exposed to it can also be displayed here.. The use information is displayed per substance life cycle stage (consumer use, in articles, by professional workers (widespread uses), in formulation or re-packing, at industrial sites or in manufacturing). The information is aggregated from the data coming from REACH substance registrations provided by industry.. For a detailed overview on identified uses and environmental releases, please consult the registered substance factsheet.. Use descriptors are adapted from ECHA guidance to improve readability and may not correspond textually to descriptor codes described in Chapter R.12: Use Descriptor system of ECHA Guidance on information ...
Allylamines explanation free. What is Allylamines? Meaning of Allylamines medical term. What does Allylamines mean? ... Looking for online definition of Allylamines in the Medical Dictionary? ... allylamine. (redirected from Allylamines). Also found in: Encyclopedia. al·lyl·a·mine. (alil-ā-mēn), Member of a class of ... Allylamines , definition of Allylamines by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Allylamines ...
Antifungal Agents, Allylamine. Class Summary. These are fungicidal agents.. Terbinafine (Terbinex, Lamisil). *View full drug ...
Topical allylamines. Class Summary. These drugs are effective in treating a variety of fungal infections. Because they have ... Terbinafine is an allylamine derivative that inhibits squalene epoxidase, a key enzyme in sterol biosynthesis in fungi. This ...
Nanocapsules were prepared by mixing 1.3 mL of 3 mg mL−1 poly(allylamine hydrochloride), PAH (pKa = 8.6), with 0.5 mL of 1 mg ... Poly(allylamine hydrochloride) and Silica LUDOX® HS-40 Colloidal Silica, 40 wt% suspension in water, were obtained from Sigma- ... Nanocapsules were prepared by mixing poly(allylamine hydrochloride), (pKa = 8.6), with CU. The interaction of CU with PAH was ... Curcumin associated poly(allylamine hydrochloride)-phosphate self-assembled hierarchically ordered nanocapsules: size dependent ...
PALLADIUM-CATALYZED SYNTHESIS OF 2,3-DISUBSTITUTED ALLYLAMINES BY REGIOSELECTIVE AMINOPHENYLATION OR AMINOALKENYLATION OF 1,2- ...
Palladium-Catalyzed Vicinal Amino Alcohols Synthesis from Allyl Amines by In Situ Tether Formation and Carboetherification ... Home , Palladium-Catalyzed Vicinal Amino Alcohols Synthesis from Allyl Amines by In Situ Tether Formation and ...
... allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). These include Wells-Dawson-derived sandwich-type Fe-4(III)(H2O)(2)(As2W15O56)(2)(12-)center ...
Optimizing the Mizoroki-Heck reaction of cyclic allyl amines: Gram-scale synthesis of preclamol without protecting groups. ... Optimizing the Mizoroki-Heck reaction of cyclic allyl amines: Gram-scale synthesis of preclamol... Sweeney, Joseph B.; Adams, ... Optimizing the Mizoroki-Heck reaction of cyclic allyl amines: Gram-scale synthesis of preclamol without protecting groups. ... lp/elsevier/optimizing-the-mizoroki-heck-reaction-of-cyclic-allyl-amines-gram-Dyb95BHqsw ...
... allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) doped inside CaCO(3) microparticles, followed by core removal. The PAH-Fc microcapsules had ... Nanotubes protruding from poly(allylamine hydrochloride)-graft-pyrene microcapsules.. *Zhipeng Wang, Helmuth Möhwald, Changyou ... Single-component microcapsules were fabricated by the in situ reaction of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (Fc-CHO) with poly(allylamine ... Preparation and redox-controlled reversible response of ferrocene-modified poly(allylamine hydrochloride) microcapsules.. @ ...
The 8 hour LC50 of allylamine was 177 (151-209) ppm. Executive summary:. Mortality of male rats after 8 hours exposure to ... other: At all concentrations, allylamine was irritating to the eye and upper respiratory tract as indicated by face-washing ...
In this work, we report on the development of novel poly(allylamine) derivatives with different balance of the primary, ... Gene delivery efficiency and intracellular trafficking of novel poly(allylamine) derivatives. * Geyserite in hot-spring ... Gene delivery efficiency and intracellular trafficking of novel poly(allylamine) derivatives. International Journal of ...
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Allylamines[edit]. Allylamines[3] inhibit squalene epoxidase, another enzyme required for ergosterol synthesis. Examples ... Tolnaftate - a thiocarbamate antifungal, which inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase (similar mechanism to allylamines like ... "Research and Markets: Global Antifungal Therapeutics (Polyenes, Azoles, Echinocandins, Allylamines) Market:Trends and ...
E. Allylamine 1. Description. Allylamine is a colorless or yellowish volatile liquid with a very sharp ammonia-like odor that ... Allylamine cardiotoxicity is proposed to be related to its metabolism to acrolein and hydrogen peroxide. Allylamine acute ... Initial submission: Letter submitting enclosed information on exposure of workers to mono-allylamine, di-allylamine, and tri- ... Summary of Proposed AEGL Values for Allylamine [ppm (mg/m3)]. Classification. 10 mins.. 30 mins.. 1 hr.. 4 hrs.. 8 hrs.. ...
... allylamine) hydrochloride . It has composition images, properties, Characterization methods, synthesis, applications and ...
Allylamines. These include terbinafine which inhibits the synthesis of ergosterol and hence the fungal cell membrane. ...
... allylamine hydrochloride) . It has composition images, properties, Characterization methods, synthesis, applications and ...
... while tinea pedis is treated for four weeks with an azole or for one to two weeks with allylamine medication. Treatment should ... Allylamines. Naftifine (Naftin) and terbinafine (Lamisil) are applied once-daily and remain active in the skin for up to one ... This agent is similar in structure to that of the allylamines. Butenafine is fungicidal for dermatophytes in vitro.27 It is ... The two principal pharmacologic groups are the azoles and the allylamines. Polyenes (amphotericin B [Fungizone] and nystatin [ ...
Allylamine, 3,3-diphenyl-, hydrochloride - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical ... Substance Name: Allylamine, 3,3-diphenyl-, hydrochloride. RN: 55281-16-8. InChIKey: KLCPNOZTOKMVON-UHFFFAOYSA-N. Classification ...
26 februari 2015. The FERG symposium The Global burden of foodborne diseases will be held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. WHOs Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group (FERG) is providing estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases, according to age, sex and region, for a defined list of causative agents of microbial, parasitic, and chemical origin, thereby strengthening the capacity of countries to assess the burden of foodborne disease and increasing awareness and commitment for the implementation of food safety standards.. ...
- All the agents--the azoles, allylamines , benzylamines, and ciclopirox--are going to work fairly well if you make a good choice for what you're trying to treat. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The market is dominated by generics classes such as azoles, allylamines and benzylamines, which offer good safety and tolerability profiles, thereby creating strong competition among these products. (thefreedictionary.com)
- com/research/c26efd/antifungals_market) has announced the addition of the "Antifungals Market to 2017 - Generic Erosion of Major Polyenes, Azoles, Allylamines and Echinocandins to Slow Value Growth" report to their offering. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Though a significant progress has been made in the discovery of antifungal agents in the form of polyenes, azoles and allylamines yet the antifungal therapy poses severe challenge because of the side effects, narrow spectrum of activity and recently development resistance among patients against the present antifungals. (springer.com)
- This market for systemic agents for serious infection is currently served by only three major drug classes, Azoles, Polyenes, Echinocandins and Allylamines. (researchandmarkets.com)
- Here we report curcumin associated poly(allylamine hydrochloride) crosslinks with dipotassium phosphate and subsequently congregates with silica nanoparticles to form hierarchically ordered nanocapsule structures. (rsc.org)
- A series of transition metal substituted polyoxometalates (POMs) have been attached to carbon electrodes in multilayer films of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). (kuleuven.be)
- Preparation and redox-controlled reversible response of ferrocene-modified poly(allylamine hydrochloride) microcapsules. (semanticscholar.org)
- article{Wang2011PreparationAR, title={Preparation and redox-controlled reversible response of ferrocene-modified poly(allylamine hydrochloride) microcapsules. (semanticscholar.org)
- Single-component microcapsules were fabricated by the in situ reaction of ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (Fc-CHO) with poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) doped inside CaCO(3) microparticles, followed by core removal. (semanticscholar.org)
- Nanotubes protruding from poly(allylamine hydrochloride)-graft-pyrene microcapsules. (semanticscholar.org)
- In this work, we report on the development of novel poly(allylamine) derivatives with different balance of the primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary amino groups. (cnrs-orleans.fr)
- The optimized structures by the PM3 and AM1 methods were compared with crystallographic data in order to analyze the reliability of the data and its use in the calculations of the structures of the compounds obtained from poly (allylamine) with Zn(II) acetate and Cu(II) acetate. (scielo.cl)
- The aim of this paper is to report the synthesis of polymer-metal chelates of poly (allylamine) and Zn(II) acetate dihy drate and Cu(II) acetate monohydrate, and to study the influence of the polymeric ligand on the coordination type of the acetate groups. (scielo.cl)
- This was done to analyze the certainty of the data obtained with these methods and then use them to calculate the structures of the compounds obtained from Zn(II) acetate dihydrate and Cu(II) acetate monohydrate with poly (allylamine). (scielo.cl)
- Poly (allylamine) hydrochloride Mw = 60.000, Polysciences. (scielo.cl)
- Poly(allylamine) solution average Mw ~15,000, 20 wt. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Colesevelam hydrochloride is poly(allylamine hydrochloride) cross-linked with epichlorohydrin and alkylated with 1-bromodecane and (6-bromohexyl)-trimethylammonium bromide. (rxlist.com)
- Allylamine antifungals are used to kill fungi to treat athlete's foot, jock itch, ringworm, and nail fungus. (goodrx.com)
- Tinea corporis and cruris infections are usually treated for two weeks, while tinea pedis is treated for four weeks with an azole or for one to two weeks with allylamine medication. (aafp.org)
- The allylamine derivatives, like the benzylamines, act at an earlier step in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway than the azole class of antifungal drugs. (centerwatch.com)
- A facile strategy to synthesis GO-ECH-DETA nanocomposite by the reaction of graphite oxide (GO) with epichlorohydrin (ECH) as a coupling agent and allylamine hydrochloride (AAH) as a cationic ligand (GO-ECH-AAH), were prepared and employed for endotoxin accumulation and removal from aqueous solution. (scitcentral.com)
- The chemical name (IUPAC) of colesevelam hydrochloride is allylamine polymer with 1-chloro-2,3-epoxypropane, [6- (allylamino)-hexyl]trimethylammonium chloride and N-allyldecylamine, hydrochloride. (rxlist.com)
- One of the newer methods of treating athlete's foot, especially when it gets under the nails, are allylamines. (nutralegacy.com)
- Bacteriophage K has been successfully formulated with PNIPAM nanospheres copolymerized with allylamine (PNIPAM-co-ALA). By utilizing a temperature responsive polymer it has been possible to engineer the nanospheres to collapse at an elevated temperature associated with a bacterial skin infection. (bath.ac.uk)
- The imprinted polymer prepared from allylamine had the highest affinity to the template, showing an imprinting factor of 3.43, and allylamine polymers MIP8/NIP8 were selected for further studies. (mdpi.com)
- Allylamine polymer MIP8 had no affinity towards biogenic amines. (mdpi.com)
- Allylamines are a class of medication used in topical creams to cure ringworm. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Allylamines and thiocarbamates inhibit the enzyme squalence epoxidase. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Additional layers may be applied, including amine-providing groups such as N-trimethylsilyl-allylamine, polyoxyalkylene tethers, and bioactive compounds. (google.co.uk)
- Extensive contraction band necrosis and an apparently dose-dependent loss of CK were evident in allylamine-perfused hearts, whereas acrolein perfusion resulted in no morphologic lesions or CK loss. (utmb.edu)
- In hemodynamic preparations of rat hearts perfused with 10 mm allylamine, contraction band necrosis and extensive mitochondrial changes were seen by electron microscopy. (utmb.edu)
- We have developed a model of aortic smooth muscle necrosis in adult Sprague Dawley rats by feeding them two vascular toxins (allylamine HCl, or AA, and β-aminopropionitrile, or βAPN) in concert for 10 days. (utmb.edu)
- All three allylamines, mono-, di-, and triallylamine, are produced by the treating allyl chloride with ammonia followed by distillation. (wikipedia.org)
- The efforts described in this dissertation focus on the chemical model approach to investigate the mechanism of the monoamine oxidase (MAO) catalyzed oxidation of the cyclic tertiary allylamine 1-methyl-4-(2-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (TMMP), which is a close analog of the parkinsonian-inducing designer drug 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). (vt.edu)
- However, the cyclic tertiary allylamine TMMP has not been examined experimentally. (vt.edu)
- Selective action of allylamines and its therapeutic implications. (thefreedictionary.com)
- At all concentrations, allylamine was irritating to the eye and upper respiratory tract as indicated by face-washing motions. (europa.eu)
- Allylamine is an organic compound with the formula C3H5NH2. (wikipedia.org)
- Celanese Chemicals announced the sale of its global allylamines and U. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first biocompatible material comprises ethylenediamine, polyacrylic acid, diethylenetriamine or allylamine. (google.com.au)
- Highly stereoselective palladium‐catalyzed Heck coupling of 5‐iodo‐uridine‐5′‐triphosphates with allylamine: A new efficient method for the synthesis of (E)‐5‐aminoallyl‐uridine‐5′‐triphosphates. (currentprotocols.com)
- Functionalized allylamines have extensive pharmaceutical applications. (wikipedia.org)
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