Leviviridae
Allolevivirus
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Q beta Replicase
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A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.
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A plant genus of the family Paeoniaceae, order Dilleniales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. These perennial herbs are up to 2 m (6') tall. Leaves are alternate and are divided into three lobes, each lobe being further divided into three smaller lobes. The large flowers are symmetrical, bisexual, have 5 sepals, 5 petals (sometimes 10), and many stamens.
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Botanically, a type of single-seeded fruit in which the pericarp enclosing the seed is a hard woody shell. In common usage the term is used loosely for any hard, oil-rich kernel. Of those commonly eaten, only hazel, filbert, and chestnut are strictly nuts. Walnuts, pecans, almonds, and coconuts are really drupes. Brazil nuts, pistachios, macadamias, and cashews are really seeds with a hard shell derived from the testa rather than the pericarp.
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The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
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Bacteriophages whose genetic material is RNA, which is single-stranded in all except the Pseudomonas phage phi 6 (BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6). All RNA phages infect their host bacteria via the host's surface pili. Some frequently encountered RNA phages are: BF23, F2, R17, fr, PhiCb5, PhiCb12r, PhiCb8r, PhiCb23r, 7s, PP7, Q beta phage, MS2 phage, and BACTERIOPHAGE PHI 6.
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A province of Canada lying between the provinces of Manitoba and Quebec. Its capital is Toronto. It takes its name from Lake Ontario which is said to represent the Iroquois oniatariio, beautiful lake. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p892 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p391)
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One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
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Specialized forms of antibody-producing B-LYMPHOCYTES. They synthesize and secrete immunoglobulin. They are found only in lymphoid organs and at sites of immune responses and normally do not circulate in the blood or lymph. (Rosen et al., Dictionary of Immunology, 1989, p169 & Abbas et al., Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 2d ed, p20)
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Spontaneous rearrangements in RNA sequences. (1/58)
The ability of RNAs to spontaneously rearrange their sequences under physiological conditions is demonstrated using the molecular colony technique, which allows single RNA molecules to be detected provided that they are amplifiable by the replicase of bacteriophage Qbeta. The rearrangements are Mg2+-dependent, sequence-non-specific, and occur both in trans and in cis at a rate of 10(-9) h(-1) per site. The results suggest that the mechanism of spontaneous RNA rearrangements differs from the transesterification reactions earlier observed in the presence of Qbeta replicase, and have a number of biologically important implications. (+info)CCA initiation boxes without unique promoter elements support in vitro transcription by three viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. (2/58)
It has previously been observed that the only specific requirement for transcriptional initiation on viral RNA in vitro by the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of turnip yellow mosaic virus is the CCA at the 3' end of the genome. We now compare the abilities of this RdRp, turnip crinkle virus RdRp, and Qbeta replicase, an enzyme capable of supporting the complete viral replication cycle in vitro, to transcribe RNA templates containing multiple CCA boxes but lacking specific viral sequences. Each enzyme is able to initiate transcription from several CCA boxes within these RNAs, and no special reaction conditions are required for these activities. The transcriptional yields produced from templates comprised of multiple CCA or CCCA repeats relative to templates derived from native viral RNA sequences vary between 2:1 and 0.1:1 for the different RdRps. Control of initiation by such redundant sequences presents a challenge to the specificity of viral transcription and replication. We identify 3'-preferential initiation and sensitivity to structural presentation as two specificity mechanisms that can limit initiation among potential CCA initiation sites. These two specificity mechanisms are used to different degrees by the three RdRps. The finding that three viral RdRps representing two of the three supergroups within the positive-strand RNA viral RdRp phylogeny support substantial transcription in the absence of unique promoters suggests that this phenomenon may be common among positive-strand viruses. A framework is presented arguing that replication of viral RNA in the absence of unique promoter elements is feasible. (+info)Mutilation of RNA phage Qbeta virus-like particles: from icosahedrons to rods. (3/58)
Icosahedral virus-like particles (VLPs) of RNA phage Qbeta are stabilized by four disulfide bonds of cysteine residues 74 and 80 within the loop between beta-strands F and G (FG loop) of the monomeric subunits, which determine the five-fold and quasi-six-fold symmetry contacts of the VLPs. In order to reduce the stability of Qbeta VLPs, we mutationally converted the amino acid stretch 76-ANGSCD-81 within the FG loop into the 76-VGGVEL-81 sequence. It led to production in Escherichia coli cells of aberrant rod-like Qbeta VLPs, along with normal icosahedral capsids. The length of the rod-like particles exceeded 4-30 times the diameter of icosahedral Qbeta VLPs. (+info)A protein antibiotic in the phage Qbeta virion: diversity in lysis targets. (4/58)
A(2), a capsid protein of RNA phage Qbeta, is also responsible for host lysis. A(2) blocked synthesis of murein precursors in vivo by inhibiting MurA, the catalyst of the committed step of murein biosynthesis. An A(2)-resistance mutation mapped to an exposed surface near the substrate-binding cleft of MurA. Moreover, purified Qbeta virions inhibited wild-type MurA, but not the mutant MurA, in vitro. Thus, the two small phages characterized for their lysis strategy, Qbeta and the small DNA phage phiX174, effect host lysis by targeting different enzymes in the multistep, universally conserved pathway of cell wall biosynthesis. (+info)Functional replacement of the Escherichia coli hfq gene by the homologue of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (5/58)
The 102 aa Hfq protein of Escherichia coli (Hfq(Ec)) was first described as a host factor required for phage Qbeta replication. More recently, Hfq was shown to affect the stability of several E. coli mRNAs, including ompA mRNA, where it interferes with ribosome binding, which in turn results in rapid degradation of the transcript. In contrast, Hfq is also required for efficient translation of the E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium rpoS gene, encoding the stationary sigma factor. In this study, the authors have isolated and characterized the Hfq homologue of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Hfq(Pa)), which consists of only 82 aa. The 68 N-terminal amino acids of Hfq(Pa) show 92% identity with Hfq(Ec). Hfq(Pa) was shown to functionally replace Hfq(Ec) in terms of its requirement for phage Qbeta replication and for rpoS expression. In addition, Hfq(Pa) exerted the same negative effect on E. coli ompA mRNA expression. As judged by proteome analysis, the expression of either the plasmid-borne hfq(Pa) or the hfq(Ec) gene in an E. coli Hfq(-) RpoS(-) strain revealed no gross difference in the protein profile. Both Hfq(Ec) and Hfq(Pa) affected the synthesis of approximately 26 RpoS-independent E. coli gene products. These studies showed that the functional domain of Hfq resides within its N-terminal domain. The observation that a C-terminally truncated Hfq(Ec) lacking the last 27 aa [Hfq(Ec(75))] can also functionally replace the full-length E. coli protein lends further support to this notion. (+info)The lysis function of RNA bacteriophage Qbeta is mediated by the maturation (A2) protein. (6/58)
Complete or partial cDNA sequences of the RNA bacteriophage Qbeta were cloned in plasmids under the control of the lambdaP(L) promoter to allow regulated expression in Escherichia coli harbouring the gene for the temperature-sensitive lambdaCI857 repressor. Induction of the complete Qbeta sequence leads to a 100-fold increase in phage production, accompanied by cell lysis. Induction of the 5'-terminal sequence containing the intact maturation protein (A2) cistron also causes cell lysis. Alterations of the A2 cistron, leading to proteins either devoid of approximately 20% of the C-terminal region or of six internal amino acids, abolish the lysis function. Expression of other cistrons in addition to the A2 cistron does not enhance host lysis. Thus, in Qbeta, the A2 protein, in addition to its functions as maturation protein, appears to trigger cell lysis. This contrasts with the situation in the distantly related group I RNA phages such as f2 and MS2 where a small lysis polypeptide is coded for by a region overlapping the end of the coat gene and the beginning of the replicase gene. (+info)Evolution of bacteriophage in continuous culture: a model system to test antiviral gene therapies for the emergence of phage escape mutants. (7/58)
The emergence of viral escape mutants is usually a highly undesirable phenomenon. This phenomenon is frequently observed in antiviral drug applications for the treatment of viral infections and can undermine long-term therapeutic success. Here, we propose a strategy for evaluating a given antiviral approach in terms of its potential to provoke the appearance of resistant virus mutants. By use of Q beta RNA phage as a model system, the effect of an antiviral gene therapy, i.e., a virus-specific repressor protein expressed by a recombinant Escherichia coli host, was studied over the course of more than 100 generations. In 13 experiments carried out in parallel, 12 phage populations became resistant and 1 became extinct. Sequence analysis revealed that only two distinct phage mutants emerged in the 12 surviving phage populations. For both escape mutants, sequence variations located in the repressor binding site of the viral genomic RNA, which decrease affinity for the repressor protein, conferred resistance to translational repression. The results clearly suggest the feasibility of the proposed strategy for the evaluation of antiviral approaches in terms of their potential to allow resistant mutants to appear. In addition, the strategy proved to be a valuable tool for observing virus-specific molecular targets under the impact of antiviral drugs. (+info)Qbeta replicase discriminates between legitimate and illegitimate templates by having different mechanisms of initiation. (8/58)
Qbeta replicase (RNA-directed RNA polymerase of bacteriophage Qbeta) exponentially amplifies certain RNAs (RQ RNAs) in vitro. Here we characterize template properties of the 5' and 3' fragments obtained by cleaving one of such RNAs at an internal site. We unexpectedly found that, besides the 3' fragment, Qbeta replicase can copy the 5' fragment and a number of its variants, although they lack the initiator region of RQ RNA. This copying can occur as a 3'-terminal elongation or through de novo initiation. In contradistinction to RQ RNA and its 3' fragment, initiation on these templates occurs without regard to the 3'-terminal or internal oligo(C) clusters, is GTP-independent, and does not result in a stable replicative complex capable of elongation in the presence of aurintricarboxylic acid. The results suggest that, although Qbeta replicase can initiate and elongate on a variety of RNAs, only some of them are recognized as legitimate templates. GTP-dependent initiation on a legitimate template drives the enzyme to a "closed" conformation that may be important for keeping the template and the complementary nascent strand unannealed, without which the exponential replication is impossible. Triggering the GTP-dependent conformational transition at the initiation step could serve as a discriminative feature of legitimate templates providing for the high template specificity of Qbeta replicase. (+info)
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Leviviridae
The family has two genera, both of which currently have two known species: Leviviridae Allolevivirus Levivirus "Viral Zone". ...
Escherichia virus Qbeta
"Asymmetric cryo-EM structure of the canonical Allolevivirus Qβ reveals a single maturation protein and the genomic ssRNA in ...
List of virus genera
Ahtivirus Ailurivirus Albetovirus Alcyoneusvirus Alefpapillomavirus Alexandravirus Alfamovirus Allexivirus Allolevivirus ...
List of MeSH codes (B04)
... allolevivirus MeSH B04.123.205.600.500 - levivirus MeSH B04.123.205.891 - t-phages MeSH B04.123.205.891.100 - bacteriophage t3 ... allolevivirus MeSH B04.123.450.500 - levivirus MeSH B04.123.470.500 - microvirus MeSH B04.123.470.500.320 - bacteriophage phi x ... allolevivirus MeSH B04.820.410.500 - levivirus MeSH B04.820.455.149 - bornaviridae MeSH B04.820.455.149.135 - borna disease ... allolevivirus MeSH B04.123.691.600.500 - levivirus MeSH B04.123.706.070 - bacteriophage p22 MeSH B04.123.900.150 - ...
Allolevivirus
... is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses, in the family Leviviridae. Enterobacteria serve as natural hosts. ... Viruses in Allolevivirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Spherical geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around ... The genus Allolevivirus has two species: Allolevirus Escherichia virus FI Escherichia virus Qbeta "Viral Zone". ExPASy. ...
Dodatak:Popisi vrsta:Virusi - Wikipedija
Adenoviridae , Ahjdlikevirus: , Alfamovirus: , Allexivirus: , Alloherpesviridae , Allolevivirus: , Alphabaculovirus: , ...
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Talk:Allolevivirus. *Talk:Alphabaculovirus. *Talk:Alphaentomopoxvirus. *Talk:Alphaflexiviridae. *Talk:Alphafusellovirus. *Talk: ...
Virus-Taxonomie
Genus Allolevivirus, mit Species Escherichia virus Qbeta. *Genus Levivirus, mit Species Escherichia virus MS2 ...
Allolevivirus - Wikipedia
Allolevivirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Leviviridae. Enterobacteria serve as natural hosts. There are currently only ... Group: ssRNA(+) Order: Unassigned Family: Leviviridae Genus: Allolevivirus Enterobacteria phage FI Enterobacteria phage Qbeta ... Viruses in Allolevivirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Spherical geometries, and T=3 symmetry. The diameter is around ...
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Genus Allolevivirus. Type species Enterobacteria phage Qbeta. Distinguishing features. Alloleviviruses contain the longer ... List of other related viruses which may be members of the genus Allolevivirus but have not been approved as species. None ... Generally, the replicases from leviviruses poorly replicate allolevivirus RNA and vice versa. ... Antigenic specificity is distinct from that of members of the genus Allolevivirus. ...
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Phage3
- Group: ssRNA(+) Order: Unassigned Family: Leviviridae Genus: Allolevivirus Enterobacteria phage FI Enterobacteria phage Qbeta Viruses in Allolevivirus are non-enveloped, with icosahedral and Spherical geometries, and T=3 symmetry. (wikipedia.org)
- Levivirus ==Higher Order Categories== Family: Leviviridae Genus: Levivirus Species: Enterobacteria phage BZ13, Enterobacteria phage MS2[4] ==Description and Significance== ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA stage Levivirus is one of two known genera of the family Leviviridae, with Allolevivirus being the other. (kenyon.edu)
- Figure 2 General genetic map of a representative levivirus - Enterobacteria phage MS2 (MS2) - and an allolevivirus - Enterobacteria phage Qβ (Qβ). (ictvonline.org)
Levivirus1
- Our analyses reveal that the coliphage species are a monophyletic group consisting of two clades representing the genera Levivirus and Allolevivirus. (ist.ac.at)
Maturation protein1
- Asymmetric cryo-EM structure of the canonical Allolevivirus Qβ reveals a single maturation protein and the genomic ssRNA in situ. (tamu.edu)
Genus2
- Allolevivirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Leviviridae. (wikipedia.org)
- Genus Tequatrovirus ( T4virus , T4-ähnliche Viren , en. (wikipedia.org)
Beta1
- An integration host factor that was originally identified as a bacterial protein required for the integration of bacteriophage Q beta (ALLOLEVIVIRUS). (umassmed.edu)