Transplantation, Homologous: Transplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals.TetrahydrocortisoneFacial Injuries: General or unspecified injuries to the soft tissue or bony portions of the face.Allografts: Tissues, cells, or organs transplanted between genetically different individuals of the same species.Graft Rejection: An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient.Kidney Transplantation: The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.Heart Transplantation: The transference of a heart from one human or animal to another.Bone Transplantation: The grafting of bone from a donor site to a recipient site.Graft Survival: The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host.Liver Transplantation: The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.Bone Marrow Transplantation: The transference of BONE MARROW from one human or animal to another for a variety of purposes including HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION or MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.Lung Transplantation: The transference of either one or both of the lungs from one human or animal to another.Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Transfer of HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS from BONE MARROW or BLOOD between individuals within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used as an alternative to BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms.Transplantation, Autologous: Transplantation of an individual's own tissue from one site to another site.Organ Transplantation: Transference of an organ between individuals of the same species or between individuals of different species.Stem Cell Transplantation: The transfer of STEM CELLS from one individual to another within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or between species (XENOTRANSPLANTATION), or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). The source and location of the stem cells determines their potency or pluripotency to differentiate into various cell types.Tissue Donors: Individuals supplying living tissue, organs, cells, blood or blood components for transfer or transplantation to histocompatible recipients.Transplantation Immunology: A general term for the complex phenomena involved in allo- and xenograft rejection by a host and graft vs host reaction. Although the reactions involved in transplantation immunology are primarily thymus-dependent phenomena of cellular immunity, humoral factors also play a part in late rejection.Transplantation Conditioning: Preparative treatment of transplant recipient with various conditioning regimens including radiation, immune sera, chemotherapy, and/or immunosuppressive agents, prior to transplantation. Transplantation conditioning is very common before bone marrow transplantation.Pancreas Transplantation: The transference of a pancreas from one human or animal to another.Islets of Langerhans Transplantation: The transference of pancreatic islets within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.Immunosuppressive Agents: Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.Skin Transplantation: The grafting of skin in humans or animals from one site to another to replace a lost portion of the body surface skin.Transplantation: Transference of a tissue or organ from either an alive or deceased donor, within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.Transplantation, Heterotopic: Transplantation of tissue typical of one area to a different recipient site. The tissue may be autologous, heterologous, or homologous.Transplantation Tolerance: An induced state of non-reactivity to grafted tissue from a donor organism that would ordinarily trigger a cell-mediated or humoral immune response.Transplantation Chimera: An organism that, as a result of transplantation of donor tissue or cells, consists of two or more cell lines descended from at least two zygotes. This state may result in the induction of donor-specific TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE.Cell Transplantation: Transference of cells within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.Transplantation, Isogeneic: Transplantation between genetically identical individuals, i.e., members of the same species with identical histocompatibility antigens, such as monozygotic twins, members of the same inbred strain, or members of a hybrid population produced by crossing certain inbred strains.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Immunosuppression: Deliberate prevention or diminution of the host's immune response. It may be nonspecific as in the administration of immunosuppressive agents (drugs or radiation) or by lymphocyte depletion or may be specific as in desensitization or the simultaneous administration of antigen and immunosuppressive drugs.Corneal Transplantation: Partial or total replacement of the CORNEA from one human or animal to another.Living Donors: Non-cadaveric providers of organs for transplant to related or non-related recipients.Graft vs Host Disease: The clinical entity characterized by anorexia, diarrhea, loss of hair, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, growth retardation, and eventual death brought about by the GRAFT VS HOST REACTION.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Histocompatibility Testing: Identification of the major histocompatibility antigens of transplant DONORS and potential recipients, usually by serological tests. Donor and recipient pairs should be of identical ABO blood group, and in addition should be matched as closely as possible for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in order to minimize the likelihood of allograft rejection. (King, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)Heart-Lung Transplantation: The simultaneous, or near simultaneous, transference of heart and lungs from one human or animal to another.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Cyclosporine: A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation: Transplantation of STEM CELLS collected from the fetal blood remaining in the UMBILICAL CORD and the PLACENTA after delivery. Included are the HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS.Tissue and Organ Procurement: The administrative procedures involved with acquiring TISSUES or organs for TRANSPLANTATION through various programs, systems, or organizations. These procedures include obtaining consent from TISSUE DONORS and arranging for transportation of donated tissues and organs, after TISSUE HARVESTING, to HOSPITALS for processing and transplantation.Tacrolimus: A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.Rats, Inbred LewLiver Failure: Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation: Transplantation of stem cells collected from the peripheral blood. It is a less invasive alternative to direct marrow harvesting of hematopoietic stem cells. Enrichment of stem cells in peripheral blood can be achieved by inducing mobilization of stem cells from the BONE MARROW.Fetal Tissue Transplantation: Transference of fetal tissue between individuals of the same species or between individuals of different species.Histocompatibility: The degree of antigenic similarity between the tissues of different individuals, which determines the acceptance or rejection of allografts.Cadaver: A dead body, usually a human body.Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.Bronchiolitis Obliterans: Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES leading to an obstructive lung disease. Bronchioles are characterized by fibrous granulation tissue with bronchial exudates in the lumens. Clinical features include a nonproductive cough and DYSPNEA.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Isoantibodies: Antibodies from an individual that react with ISOANTIGENS of another individual of the same species.Transplants: Organs, tissues, or cells taken from the body for grafting into another area of the same body or into another individual.Transplantation, Heterologous: Transplantation between animals of different species.Tissue Transplantation: Transference of tissue within an individual, between individuals of the same species, or between individuals of different species.Waiting Lists: Prospective patient listings for appointments or treatments.Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.Mice, Inbred C57BLGraft Enhancement, Immunologic: The induction of prolonged survival and growth of allografts of either tumors or normal tissues which would ordinarily be rejected. It may be induced passively by introducing graft-specific antibodies from previously immunized donors, which bind to the graft's surface antigens, masking them from recognition by T-cells; or actively by prior immunization of the recipient with graft antigens which evoke specific antibodies and form antigen-antibody complexes which bind to the antigen receptor sites of the T-cells and block their cytotoxic activity.Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation: Transfer of MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS between individuals within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS).Mycophenolic Acid: An antibiotic substance derived from Penicillium stoloniferum, and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. Mycophenolic acid is important because of its selective effects on the immune system. It prevents the proliferation of T-cells, lymphocytes, and the formation of antibodies from B-cells. It also may inhibit recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory sites. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1301)Organ Preservation: The process by which organs are kept viable outside of the organism from which they were removed (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).Delayed Graft Function: General dysfunction of an organ occurring immediately following its transplantation. The term most frequently refers to renal dysfunction following KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.Survival Analysis: A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.Kidney Failure, Chronic: The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.Whole-Body Irradiation: Irradiation of the whole body with ionizing or non-ionizing radiation. It is applicable to humans or animals but not to microorganisms.Hematologic Neoplasms: Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.Survival Rate: The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.Facial Transplantation: The transference between individuals of the entire face or major facial structures. In addition to the skin and cartilaginous tissue (CARTILAGE), it may include muscle and bone as well.Acute Disease: Disease having a short and relatively severe course.Isoantigens: Antigens that exist in alternative (allelic) forms in a single species. When an isoantigen is encountered by species members who lack it, an immune response is induced. Typical isoantigens are the BLOOD GROUP ANTIGENS.Donor Selection: The procedure established to evaluate the health status and risk factors of the potential DONORS of biological materials. Donors are selected based on the principles that their health will not be compromised in the process, and the donated materials, such as TISSUES or organs, are safe for reuse in the recipients.Rats, Inbred WFHLA Antigens: Antigens determined by leukocyte loci found on chromosome 6, the major histocompatibility loci in humans. They are polypeptides or glycoproteins found on most nucleated cells and platelets, determine tissue types for transplantation, and are associated with certain diseases.Mice, Inbred BALB CAntilymphocyte Serum: Serum containing GAMMA-GLOBULINS which are antibodies for lymphocyte ANTIGENS. It is used both as a test for HISTOCOMPATIBILITY and therapeutically in TRANSPLANTATION.T-Lymphocytes: Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.Kidney: Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.Primary Graft Dysfunction: A form of ischemia-reperfusion injury occurring in the early period following transplantation. Significant pathophysiological changes in MITOCHONDRIA are the main cause of the dysfunction. It is most often seen in the transplanted lung, liver, or kidney and can lead to GRAFT REJECTION.Liver Diseases: Pathological processes of the LIVER.Hand Transplantation: The transference of a complete HAND, as a composite of many tissue types, from one individual to another.Cytomegalovirus Infections: Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Brain Tissue Transplantation: Transference of brain tissue, either from a fetus or from a born individual, between individuals of the same species or between individuals of different species.Immune Tolerance: The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.Reoperation: A repeat operation for the same condition in the same patient due to disease progression or recurrence, or as followup to failed previous surgery.Postoperative Period: The period following a surgical operation.Busulfan: An alkylating agent having a selective immunosuppressive effect on BONE MARROW. It has been used in the palliative treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC), but although symptomatic relief is provided, no permanent remission is brought about. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), busulfan is listed as a known carcinogen.Azathioprine: An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)Brain Death: A state of prolonged irreversible cessation of all brain activity, including lower brain stem function with the complete absence of voluntary movements, responses to stimuli, brain stem reflexes, and spontaneous respirations. Reversible conditions which mimic this clinical state (e.g., sedative overdose, hypothermia, etc.) are excluded prior to making the determination of brain death. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp348-9)Kidney Diseases: Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.Tissue and Organ Harvesting: The procedure of removing TISSUES, organs, or specimens from DONORS for reuse, such as TRANSPLANTATION.Blood Group Incompatibility: An antigenic mismatch between donor and recipient blood. Antibodies present in the recipient's serum may be directed against antigens in the donor product. Such a mismatch may result in a transfusion reaction in which, for example, donor blood is hemolyzed. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984).Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Tissue Preservation: The process by which a tissue or aggregate of cells is kept alive outside of the organism from which it was derived (i.e., kept from decay by means of a chemical agent, cooling, or a fluid substitute that mimics the natural state within the organism).Combined Modality Therapy: The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.Leukemia: A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Models, Animal: Non-human animals, selected because of specific characteristics, for use in experimental research, teaching, or testing.Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed: Measure of histocompatibility at the HL-A locus. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from two individuals are mixed together in tissue culture for several days. Lymphocytes from incompatible individuals will stimulate each other to proliferate significantly (measured by tritiated thymidine uptake) whereas those from compatible individuals will not. In the one-way MLC test, the lymphocytes from one of the individuals are inactivated (usually by treatment with MITOMYCIN or radiation) thereby allowing only the untreated remaining population of cells to proliferate in response to foreign histocompatibility antigens.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Chimerism: The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutions, derived from different individuals. This contrasts with MOSAICISM in which the different cell populations are derived from a single individual.Lymphocyte Depletion: Immunosuppression by reduction of circulating lymphocytes or by T-cell depletion of bone marrow. The former may be accomplished in vivo by thoracic duct drainage or administration of antilymphocyte serum. The latter is performed ex vivo on bone marrow before its transplantation.Remission Induction: Therapeutic act or process that initiates a response to a complete or partial remission level.Cold Ischemia: The chilling of a tissue or organ during decreased BLOOD perfusion or in the absence of blood supply. Cold ischemia time during ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION begins when the organ is cooled with a cold perfusion solution after ORGAN PROCUREMENT surgery, and ends after the tissue reaches physiological temperature during implantation procedures.CD40 Ligand: A membrane glycoprotein and differentiation antigen expressed on the surface of T-cells that binds to CD40 ANTIGENS on B-LYMPHOCYTES and induces their proliferation. Mutation of the gene for CD40 ligand is a cause of HYPER-IGM IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, TYPE 1.Cyclosporins: A group of closely related cyclic undecapeptides from the fungi Trichoderma polysporum and Cylindocarpon lucidum. They have some antineoplastic and antifungal action and significant immunosuppressive effects. Cyclosporins have been proposed as adjuvants in tissue and organ transplantation to suppress graft rejection.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Lymphocyte Transfusion: The transfer of lymphocytes from a donor to a recipient or reinfusion to the donor.Myeloablative Agonists: Agents that destroy bone marrow activity. They are used to prepare patients for BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION or STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.Cyclophosphamide: Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.Complement C4b: The large fragment formed when COMPLEMENT C4 is cleaved by COMPLEMENT C1S. The membrane-bound C4b binds COMPLEMENT C2A, a SERINE PROTEASE, to form C4b2a (CLASSICAL PATHWAY C3 CONVERTASE) and subsequent C4b2a3b (CLASSICAL PATHWAY C5 CONVERTASE).Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Progenitor cells from which all blood cells derive.Anemia, Aplastic: A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.CreatinineRats, Inbred ACINeoplasm Transplantation: Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.Patient Selection: Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.Disease-Free Survival: Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.Flow Cytometry: Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.Cryopreservation: Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopreservation or cryofixation is used to maintain the existing form, structure, and chemical composition of all the constituent elements of the specimens.Sirolimus: A macrolide compound obtained from Streptomyces hygroscopicus that acts by selectively blocking the transcriptional activation of cytokines thereby inhibiting cytokine production. It is bioactive only when bound to IMMUNOPHILINS. Sirolimus is a potent immunosuppressant and possesses both antifungal and antineoplastic properties.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.ABO Blood-Group System: The major human blood type system which depends on the presence or absence of two antigens A and B. Type O occurs when neither A nor B is present and AB when both are present. A and B are genetic factors that determine the presence of enzymes for the synthesis of certain glycoproteins mainly in the red cell membrane.Bone Marrow Cells: Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.Rats, Inbred BNEnd Stage Liver Disease: Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.Immunoconjugates: Combinations of diagnostic or therapeutic substances linked with specific immune substances such as IMMUNOGLOBULINS; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; or ANTIGENS. Often the diagnostic or therapeutic substance is a radionuclide. These conjugates are useful tools for specific targeting of DRUGS and RADIOISOTOPES in the CHEMOTHERAPY and RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY of certain cancers.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Liver Cirrhosis: Liver disease in which the normal microcirculation, the gross vascular anatomy, and the hepatic architecture have been variably destroyed and altered with fibrous septa surrounding regenerated or regenerating parenchymal nodules.Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Melphalan: An alkylating nitrogen mustard that is used as an antineoplastic in the form of the levo isomer - MELPHALAN, the racemic mixture - MERPHALAN, and the dextro isomer - MEDPHALAN; toxic to bone marrow, but little vesicant action; potential carcinogen.Kaplan-Meier Estimate: A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)Spleen: An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.Infection: Invasion of the host organism by microorganisms that can cause pathological conditions or diseases.Lymphoproliferative Disorders: Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.Actuarial Analysis: The application of probability and statistical methods to calculate the risk of occurrence of any event, such as onset of illness, recurrent disease, hospitalization, disability, or death. It may include calculation of the anticipated money costs of such events and of the premiums necessary to provide for payment of such costs.Plasmapheresis: Procedure whereby plasma is separated and extracted from anticoagulated whole blood and the red cells retransfused to the donor. Plasmapheresis is also employed for therapeutic use.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Mice, Inbred C3HPortal Vein: A short thick vein formed by union of the superior mesenteric vein and the splenic vein.Anastomosis, Surgical: Surgical union or shunt between ducts, tubes or vessels. It may be end-to-end, end-to-side, side-to-end, or side-to-side.Multiple Myeloma: A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.Reconstructive Surgical Procedures: Procedures used to reconstruct, restore, or improve defective, damaged, or missing structures.Liver Failure, Acute: A form of rapid-onset LIVER FAILURE, also known as fulminant hepatic failure, caused by severe liver injury or massive loss of HEPATOCYTES. It is characterized by sudden development of liver dysfunction and JAUNDICE. Acute liver failure may progress to exhibit cerebral dysfunction even HEPATIC COMA depending on the etiology that includes hepatic ISCHEMIA, drug toxicity, malignant infiltration, and viral hepatitis such as post-transfusion HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C.Stem Cells: Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.Reperfusion Injury: Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes: A critical subpopulation of T-lymphocytes involved in the induction of most immunological functions. The HIV virus has selective tropism for the T4 cell which expresses the CD4 phenotypic marker, a receptor for HIV. In fact, the key element in the profound immunosuppression seen in HIV infection is the depletion of this subset of T-lymphocytes.T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory: CD4-positive T cells that inhibit immunopathology or autoimmune disease in vivo. They inhibit the immune response by influencing the activity of other cell types. Regulatory T-cells include naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ cells, IL-10 secreting Tr1 cells, and Th3 cells.Postoperative Care: The period of care beginning when the patient is removed from surgery and aimed at meeting the patient's psychological and physical needs directly after surgery. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Histocompatibility Antigens: A group of antigens that includes both the major and minor histocompatibility antigens. The former are genetically determined by the major histocompatibility complex. They determine tissue type for transplantation and cause allograft rejections. The latter are systems of allelic alloantigens that can cause weak transplant rejection.Cytomegalovirus: A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Organ Preservation Solutions: Solutions used to store organs and minimize tissue damage, particularly while awaiting implantation.Calcineurin: A CALCIUM and CALMODULIN-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase that is composed of the calcineurin A catalytic subunit and the calcineurin B regulatory subunit. Calcineurin has been shown to dephosphorylate a number of phosphoproteins including HISTONES; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAIN; and the regulatory subunits of CAMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASES. It is involved in the regulation of signal transduction and is the target of an important class of immunophilin-immunosuppressive drug complexes.Fatal Outcome: Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.Graft vs Leukemia Effect: Immunological rejection of leukemia cells following bone marrow transplantation.CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes: A critical subpopulation of regulatory T-lymphocytes involved in MHC Class I-restricted interactions. They include both cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and CD8+ suppressor T-lymphocytes.Graft vs Host Reaction: An immunological attack mounted by a graft against the host because of tissue incompatibility when immunologically competent cells are transplanted to an immunologically incompetent host; the resulting clinical picture is that of GRAFT VS HOST DISEASE.Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute: Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.Lymphocyte Activation: Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.Antigens, CD: Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.Graft vs Tumor Effect: Immunological rejection of tumor tissue/cells following bone marrow transplantation.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Antigens, CD34: Glycoproteins found on immature hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. They are the only molecules to date whose expression within the blood system is restricted to a small number of progenitor cells in the bone marrow.Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization: The release of stem cells from the bone marrow into the peripheral blood circulation for the purpose of leukapheresis, prior to stem cell transplantation. Hematopoietic growth factors or chemotherapeutic agents often are used to stimulate the mobilization.Biliary Atresia: Progressive destruction or the absence of all or part of the extrahepatic BILE DUCTS, resulting in the complete obstruction of BILE flow. Usually, biliary atresia is found in infants and accounts for one third of the neonatal cholestatic JAUNDICE.Leukocyte Transfusion: The transfer of leukocytes from a donor to a recipient or reinfusion to the donor.BK Virus: A species of POLYOMAVIRUS apparently infecting over 90% of children but not clearly associated with any clinical illness in childhood. The virus remains latent in the body throughout life and can be reactivated under certain circumstances.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Drug Therapy, Combination: Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.Fibrosis: Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Immunocompromised Host: A human or animal whose immunologic mechanism is deficient because of an immunodeficiency disorder or other disease or as the result of the administration of immunosuppressive drugs or radiation.Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols: The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin: Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.Liver Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.Proportional Hazards Models: Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.Radiation Chimera: An organism whose body contains cell populations of different genotypes as a result of the TRANSPLANTATION of donor cells after sufficient ionizing radiation to destroy the mature recipient's cells which would otherwise reject the donor cells.Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease: Liver disease that is caused by injuries to the ENDOTHELIAL CELLS of the vessels and subendothelial EDEMA, but not by THROMBOSIS. Extracellular matrix, rich in FIBRONECTINS, is usually deposited around the HEPATIC VEINS leading to venous outflow occlusion and sinusoidal obstruction.Keratoplasty, Penetrating: Partial or total replacement of all layers of a central portion of the cornea.Vidarabine: A nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus. It has some antineoplastic properties and has broad spectrum activity against DNA viruses in cell cultures and significant antiviral activity against infections caused by a variety of viruses such as the herpes viruses, the VACCINIA VIRUS and varicella zoster virus.Host vs Graft Reaction: The immune responses of a host to a graft. A specific response is GRAFT REJECTION.Chimera: An individual that contains cell populations derived from different zygotes.Cytokines: Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.Salvage Therapy: A therapeutic approach, involving chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery, after initial regimens have failed to lead to improvement in a patient's condition. Salvage therapy is most often used for neoplastic diseases.Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma: A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.Polyomavirus Infections: Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).Unrelated Donors: Providers of tissues for transplant to non-related individuals.Bone Marrow: The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.Opportunistic Infections: An infection caused by an organism which becomes pathogenic under certain conditions, e.g., during immunosuppression.Hepatectomy: Excision of all or part of the liver. (Dorland, 28th ed)Hematopoiesis: The development and formation of various types of BLOOD CELLS. Hematopoiesis can take place in the BONE MARROW (medullary) or outside the bone marrow (HEMATOPOIESIS, EXTRAMEDULLARY).Rats, Inbred F344Mice, SCID: Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.
Transplantable organs and tissues
Experimental Approaches to Composite Tissue Allograft Transplants | SpringerLink
Sodium Sulfite Exacerbates Allograft Vasculopathy and Affects Tryptophan Breakdown in Murine Heterotopic Aortic Transplantation
Requirement for Donor and Recipient CD40 Expression in Cardiac Allograft Rejection: Induction of Th1 Responses and Influence of...
Frontiers | Monotherapy With Anti-CD70 Antibody Causes Long-Term Mouse Cardiac Allograft Acceptance With Induction of...
CD95 Ligand Expression on Corneal Epithelium and Endothelium Influences the Fates of Orthotopic and Heterotopic Corneal...
Immunosuppressive effects of tautomycetin in vivo and in vitro via T cell-specific apoptosis induction | Proceedings of the...
Prolongation of allograft survival in rat heterotopic heart transplantation by TLCK, a serine protease inhibitor. - Semantic...
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Mediated Apoptosis Involved in Indirect Recognition Pathway Blockade Induces Long-Term Heart...
JCI -
Platelet factor 4 limits Th17 differentiation and cardiac allograft rejection
A Novel Microsurgical Model for Heterotopic, En Bloc Chest Wall, Thymus, and Heart Transplantation in Mice | Protocol ...
Pancreas transplantation: 50 years of experience | Cirugía Española (English Edition)
Publications | Transplantation Laboratory | University of Helsinki
Imunodeppression induced by thalidomide and cyclosporine in heterotopic heart transplantation of rabbits
JCI -
Danger signals in regulating the immune response to solid organ transplantation
The Allograft Defines the Type of Rejection (Acute versus Chronic) in the Face of an Established Effector Immune Response | The...
Immunosuppressive therapy after human lung transplantation | European Respiratory Society
Robert Michler
Experimental Organ Transplantation - Nova Science Publishers
Frontiers | Live Images of Donor Dendritic Cells Trafficking via CX3CR1 Pathway | Immunology
Small Bowel Transplantation In Mice | Protocol (Translated to Hindi)
![Hartung D[au] - PubMed - NCBI](data:image/png;base64,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)
Hartung D[au] - PubMed - NCBI
KRP-203, a Novel Synthetic Immunosuppressant, Prolongs Graft Survival and Attenuates Chronic Rejection in Rat Skin and Heart...
Glenn Rosen | Stanford Medicine Profiles
The Mechanism of Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Prostaglandin E2 Receptor 4 Activation in Murine Cardiac Transplantation
Dr. Thomas Tung, General Surgery, Hayward, CA
Transplantation Proceedings
Daniel Lefebvre | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Dimethylarginine Dimethylaminohydrolase Overexpression Suppresses Graft Coronary Artery Disease | Circulation
RejectionSurvivalRatsOrganRatsVasculopathyDonorImmunosuppressionGraftsMETHODSMiceRecipientTracheal allograftsToleranceSupporting allograft survivalPost-transplantationTransplantProlongationCardiac allograft transplantationIschemia-reperfusion injuryRenal allograftTissue allografts2002Pancreas transplantationAortic allograftsKidney allograftsGraft survivalProlongsHeart transplantation modelUnderwentExperimental transplantationModelChronic lung allograftAllogeneic transplantationAcute allograft rejectionLiver
Rejection1
- Buttemeyer R, Jones NF, Min Z et al (1996) Rejection of the component tissues of limb allografts in rats immunosuppressed with FK-506 and cyclosporine. (springer.com)
Survival1
- Inceoglu S, Siemionow M, Chick L et al (1994) The effect of combined immunosuppression with systemic low-dose cyclosporin and topical fluocinolone acetonide on the survival of rat hind-limb allografts. (springer.com)
Rats2
- Black KS, Hewitt CW, Fraser LA et al (1985) Composite tissue (limb) allografts in rats. (springer.com)
- Arai K, Hotokebuchi T, Miyahara H et al (1989) Limb allografts in rats immunosuppressed with FK506. (springer.com)
Organ1
- Shapiro RI, Cerra FB (1978) A model for reimplantation and transplantation of a complex organ: the rat hind limb. (springer.com)
Rats15
- In TMC-treated rats that received a heterotopic cardiac allograft, the graft survived more than 160 days, comparable to graft survival in allografted rats treated with CsA. (pnas.org)
- Rats with heterotopic tracheal allografts were treated intraperitoneally with clarithromycin and compared to untreated transplanted animals with respect to allograft histology and expression of selected cytokines. (uzh.ch)
- DTPA renal scan assessment of renal allograft dysfunction in rats. (booktopia.com.au)
- Evidence that intrathymic islet transplantation does not prevent diabetes or subsequent islet graft destruction in RT6-depleted, diabetes-resistant BioBreeding/Worcester rats. (umassmed.edu)
- The expression of extracellular matrix proteins during accelerated rejection of cardiac allografts in sensitized rats. (springer.com)
- Heterotopic cervical transplantation was performed in rats in 1971 (12) and required the anastomosis of the recipient external jugular vein and common carotid artery to the donor aorta and pulmonary artery, though thrombosis occurred in 30% of subjects (1). (hypothesisjournal.com)
- At day 7 all heart allografts in the treated groups B1 and B2 were beating, whereas they stopped beating at 5 +/- 2 days in groups A1 and A2 vs. 14 +/- 2 days in group B2 (p = 0.0012).CONCLUSIONS: Electroporation-mediated intramuscular overexpression of hIL-10 reduces acute rejection and improves survival of heterotopic heart allografts in rats. (cfgenetherapy.org.uk)
- Experimental models of small intestinal transplantation in rats: orthotopic versus heterotopic model. (okayama-u.ac.jp)
- Two kinds of surgical models of small intestinal transplantation (SITx) in rats, namely heterotopic (HIT) and orthotopic transplantion (OIT), have been reviewed. (okayama-u.ac.jp)
- We examined whether this in vitro system could predict heart damage and survival after transplantation in rats. (bmj.com)
- Isogenic rats Brown-Norway (BN) and Lewis (LEW) were submitted to intestinal heterotopic allotransplantation and divided in two groups: LEW donor to LEW recipient isograft group (C) and BN donor to LEW recipient allograft group (Tx). (scielo.br)
- Black KS, Hewitt CW, Fraser LA et al (1985) Composite tissue (limb) allografts in rats. (springer.com)
- Arai K, Hotokebuchi T, Miyahara H et al (1989) Limb allografts in rats immunosuppressed with FK506. (springer.com)
- Buttemeyer R, Jones NF, Min Z et al (1996) Rejection of the component tissues of limb allografts in rats immunosuppressed with FK-506 and cyclosporine. (springer.com)
- and 24 rats underwent cardiac allograft transplantation followed by a single-dose of RAPA given orally either 1 day (1D group) or 3 days (3D group) post transplantation. (biomedcentral.com)
Vasculopathy11
- Herein, the impact of the antioxidant sodium sulfite on the development of graft vasculopathy was assessed in murine aortic transplantation. (hindawi.com)
- Our data reveal that an excess of antioxidants like sodium sulfite can aggravate allograft vasculopathy, which further highlights the challenges associated with interventions that interfere with the complex interplay of redox-regulated inflammatory processes. (hindawi.com)
- Chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a major mechanism of graft failure of transplanted organs in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
- Mouse tissue samples, native heart and transplanted hearts with chronic allograft vasculopathy, were collected and analyzed. (biomedcentral.com)
- Chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a type of rejection resulting in neointimal thickening, the progressive narrowing of vascular lumens secondary to inflammation and fibrosis, is a common cause of graft dysfunction in hearts and other organs. (biomedcentral.com)
- Intracoronary ex-vivo perfusion with VEGFC/D trap also improved rat cardiac allograft survival and inhibited the development of cardiac fibrosis, allograft vasculopathy and inflammation. (uni-muenchen.de)
- Transplant vasculopathy is characterized by progressive neointimal proliferation, leading to ischemic failure of the allograft. (ahajournals.org)
- Multiple experimental and clinical studies have shown that injury to the graft at various stages of transplantation can be a risk factor for development of transplant vasculopathy. (ahajournals.org)
- Cardiac allograft vasculopathy is the major fator limiting long term survival after heart transplantion. (biomedcentral.com)
- Intravenous methotrexate with nanoparticules of LDE-Methotrexate reduced allograft vasculopathy in transplanted hearts and inflamation markers. (biomedcentral.com)
- Although calcineurin inhibitors (CNI), anti-proliferative agents and steroids all have proven efficacy, immunosuppression after heart transplantation may still be improved, with respect to increased efficacy (reduced incidence of acute rejection and chronic allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and reduced toxicity (less renal failure and malignancy). (biomedcentral.com)
Donor13
- While allograft rejection was first understood to occur as a result of the host adaptive immune response to donor MHC antigens, an increasingly complex picture is emerging involving many more facets of host immunity. (jci.org)
- The host's immune response to donor Ags leads to two types of allograft rejection that differ histologically and clinically. (jimmunol.org)
- Furthermore, the abundance of donor APCs in newly transplanted allografts correlates with the high risk of acute rejection early after transplantation, while their gradual replacement with host APCs over time ushers in the period of chronic rejection ( 10 , 11 ). (jimmunol.org)
- In a second series, donor hearts were transplanted into DDAH-I-transgenic or WT mice and procured 30 days after transplantation (n=7 each). (ahajournals.org)
- Because of rapidly deteriorating heart failure requiring inotropic support, he underwent a heterotopic heart transplantation [1-with a donor heart retrieved from a 10-y-old 30-kg boy. (asahq.org)
- VEGF-C/D trapping in donor heart prevented acute lymphatic vessel activation and led to homing of VEGFR-3+ dendritic cells in cardiac allograft. (uni-muenchen.de)
- 2 TV is characterized by diffuse intimal proliferation of coronary arteries and veins of the donor heart, leading to ischemic failure of the allograft. (ahajournals.org)
- With the help of CD4 + T cells, the activated alloreactive CD8 + T cells and donor-reactive alloantibodies, together with CD4 + T cells, cause allograft damage. (biomedcentral.com)
- Kissmeyer-Nielsen F, Olsen S, Petersen VP, Fjeldborg O. Hyperacute rejection of kidney allografts associated with preexisting humoral antibodies against donor cells. (springer.com)
- Nine baboons underwent a conditioning regimen (consisting of nonmyeloablative or myeloablative whole body and thymic irradiation, splenectomy, anti-thymocyte globulin, pharmacologic immunosuppression and porcine bone marrow transplantation [BMTx]), which has previously been demonstrated to induce donor-specific allograft tolerance in monkeys. (elsevier.com)
- They developed the buttonhole technique for anastomosis of donor and recipient vessels in kidney transplantation to prevent thrombus formation. (medscape.com)
- Mann also proposed the concept of cardiac allograft rejection, in which biological incompatibility between donor and recipient was manifested as a leukocytic infiltration of the rejecting myocardium. (mhmedical.com)
- Heterotopic procedures are used only in cases where the donor heart is not strong enough to function by itself (because either the patient's body is considerably larger than the donor's, the donor's heart is itself weak, or the patient suffers from pulmonary hypertension). (drsemitha.com)
Immunosuppression5
- The impact of minocycline on the allograft when used alone, or when administered with immunosuppression (CTLA4Ig), was evaluated. (ovid.com)
- Epithelial cellular differentiation markers such as cytokeratin 14 and 18, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) were all positive in allografts under immunosuppression. (bvsalud.org)
- Concurrent recipient-derived epithelial inoculation with immunosuppression can result in complete re-epithelialization with the recipient phenotype and suppress the luminal obliteration process in heterotopic transplantations. (bvsalud.org)
- Immunosuppression of canine, monkey, and baboon allografts by FK 506: with special reference to synergism with other drugs and to tolerance induction. (carbocation.com)
- Inceoglu S, Siemionow M, Chick L et al (1994) The effect of combined immunosuppression with systemic low-dose cyclosporin and topical fluocinolone acetonide on the survival of rat hind-limb allografts. (springer.com)
Grafts4
- Acute rejection of healed-in allografts was largely recapitulated by subjecting the grafts to ischemia-reperfusion injury similar to that present in newly transplanted organs. (jimmunol.org)
- A common occurrence is the presence of malignant ventricular dysrhythmias of the native heart, yet frequently adequate systemic hemodynamics are maintained by heterotopic grafts during malignant native ventricular dysrhythmias, and the latter are not considered a contraindication to heterotopic heart transplantation. (asahq.org)
- This report describes our technique for heterotopic transplantation of cardiac grafts into the retroperitoneal iliac vessels of newborn baboons and small primates. (elsevier.com)
- These include new pharmacological agents capable of mitigating immune responses towards allografts, effective preservation solutions, elucidating immunological mechanisms of rejection and tolerance, developing novel sources of grafts (xenografts), and the establishment of post-transplant monitoring protocols (1-9). (hypothesisjournal.com)
METHODS4
- Methods and Results- KRP-203 significantly prolonged skin or heart allograft survival of a minor histocompatibility complex (mHC)-disparate (LEW to F344) rat combination. (ahajournals.org)
- Bone marrow 8,9 and splenocyte transplant10,11 were used to induce DST, allowing a better understanding of tolerance induction methods, which is critical for studies in transplant immunology to achieve allograft acceptance. (ectrx.org)
- A meta-analysis of microarray data of 735 human kidney allograft biopsy samples was performed to identify the differentially expressed genes, and the key drivers were further derived using bioinformatics methods. (ovid.com)
- This study was designed to investigate the effect of electroporation-mediated overexpression of hIL-10 on acute rejection of cardiac allografts in the rat.METHODS: The study was designed to evaluate the effect of hIL-10 gene transfer on (a) early rejection pattern and (b) graft survival. (cfgenetherapy.org.uk)
Mice11
- Finally, WT C57BL/6 mice rejected CD40 −/− allografts, but this rejection response was associated with muted Th1 responses. (jimmunol.org)
- FR70-treated C3H recipient mice permanently accepted B6 fully mismatched cardiac allografts. (frontiersin.org)
- We injected a selective EP4 agonist (EP4RAG) into recipient mice with heterotopic cardiac transplantation. (ovid.com)
- In a murine chronic-rejection model, GCAD is accelerated in aortic allografts of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)-deficient mice. (ahajournals.org)
- This study investigates the role of chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4) in acute and chronic cardiac allograft rejection in mice. (tum.de)
- Our study indicated a potential synergistic action of TD in combination with with mAbs to suppress the function of memory T cells and increase the survival of second allografts in alloantigen-primed mice. (biomedcentral.com)
- Rashid A, Auchincloss H Jr, Sharon J. Comparison of GK1.5 and chimeric rat/mouse GK1.5 anti-CD4 antibodies for prolongation of skin allograft survival and suppression of alloantibody production in mice. (springer.com)
- Alemtuzumab induction promoted serum DSA, allo-B cells, and CAV in humanized CD52 transgenic (hCD52Tg) mice after heterotopic heart transplantation. (emory.edu)
- Our group has been successful in inducing tolerance in mice and monkey models of allogeneic transplantation. (elsevier.com)
- Heterotopic grafting of murine corneas to the thoracic cage of recipient mice affords an opportunity to study the alloimmune rejection process in this well-characterized laboratory species. (elsevier.com)
- Streilein, JW , McCulley, J & Niederkorn, JY 1982, ' Heterotopic corneal grafting in mice: A new approach to the study of corneal alloimmunity ', Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science , vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 489-500. (elsevier.com)
Recipient8
- Administration of recipient DCs loaded with alloantigen after CD80 and CD86 blockade prolonged cardiac allograft survival. (hindawi.com)
- so recipient DCs would potentially be taken into account in clinical transplantation. (hindawi.com)
- We hypothesized that lowering ADMA concentrations by dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) overexpression in the recipient might suppress GCAD and long-term immune responses in murine cardiac allografts. (ahajournals.org)
- Transplantation of tissue typical of one area to a different recipient site. (umassmed.edu)
- This combined treatment enhanced the CD4 + Foxp3 + regulatory T cells ratio in the spleen, restrained the infiltration of lymphocytes into the allograft, and suppressed the allo-response of spleen T cells in the recipient. (biomedcentral.com)
- WkHt model: En bloc of graft heart and lung was transplanted into the recipient abdomen. (biomedcentral.com)
- Five months after transplantation, the uterus showed no signs of rejection, ultrasound scans showed no anomalies, and the recipient was having regular menstruation. (upsciq.com)
- transplantation to an anatomically correct position in the recipient. (upsciq.com)
Tracheal allografts3
- Pathogenesis of obliterative bronchiolitis in heterotopic rat tracheal allografts. (helsinki.fi)
- At day 21 after transplantation, the tracheal allografts of treated animals were free of fibrous material or partially occluded dependent of clarithromycin dosage. (uzh.ch)
- More recently, few clinical attempts have offered encouraging results with ex vivo or stem cell-based engineered airways and tracheal allografts implanted after heterotopic revascularization. (nih.gov)
Tolerance2
- We used a mouse heterotopic cardiac transplantation model to evaluate the effects of monotherapy with the antibody targeting mouse CD70 (FR70) on transplantation tolerance and its immunoregulatory activity. (frontiersin.org)
- The application of hematopoietic cell transplantation for induction of immune tolerance has been limited by toxicities associated with conditioning regimens and to graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). (lidsen.com)
Supporting allograft survival1
- Long-term activation of this immunobiochemical pathway contributes to the establishment of a tolerogenic environment, thereby supporting allograft survival. (hindawi.com)
Post-transplantation3
- Detection of levels of ET-1 mRNA were significantly increased in the lung allografts of those with versus those without BOS at 3 and 12 months post-transplantation while ET-1 concentrations were significantly elevated both in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with BOS. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- MACITENTAN, a novel, competitive ERA with significantly slower receptor dissociation kinetics than currently approved ERAs, may represent a renewed hope for patients suffering from progressive CLAD post-transplantation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Primed CD8 + Tms can continuously infiltrate the allograft within 72 h post-transplantation, and CD8 + Tms-produced interferon gamma (IFN-γ) can promote allograft rejection [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Transplant14
- In in vivo studies, TMC was at least as effective as CsA in the heterotopic cardiac transplant animal model. (pnas.org)
- 8 Notably, NO bioavailability is reduced in human allograft coronary arteries very early after transplantation and is predictive of later transplant arteriopathy. (ahajournals.org)
- In addition, the preferential and earliest sites of transplant arteriopathy in mouse heart allografts are proximal segments beginning with the coronary orifices a region 1-2 mm in length. (biomedcentral.com)
- In treated animals, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) was down-regulated early (5 days) and late (21 days) post transplant, whereas interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) expression was decreased only early after transplantation. (uzh.ch)
- For this purpose a mouse heterotopic cardiac transplant model was used. (tum.de)
- Preliminary studies employing a 'rat tracheal allograft transplant model' have demonstrated amelioration of the fibrous airway obliteration associated with blockade of the renin-angiotension and the endothelin system implementing the ERA antagonist, BOSENTAN (100 mg/kg). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The improved survival rates of transplant patients led to increasing numbers of interested clinicians and researchers in the field, and naturally led to the development of more sophisticated animal models to investigate basic lines of enquiry in transplantation. (hypothesisjournal.com)
- Minocycline (50mg/kg IP BD) compared with saline did not prolong allograft survival, butwas able to reduce the inflammatory profile of acute rejection as demonstrated by the reduction in the mRNA expression in the allograft tissue of a number of key drivers and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (eg IFNγ, CXCL9) at day 4 post transplant. (ovid.com)
- We have developed a new heterotopic working heart (WkHt) transplant model with intact pulmonary circulation to study cardiac allograft rejection. (biomedcentral.com)
- Utilizing a murine heterotopic heart transplant model, animals received daily treatments of either statin or selective isoprenoid blockade inhibitors to block the four major downstream branches of the mevalonate pathway. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The innovative French surgeon Alexis Carrel performed the first heterotopic canine heart transplant with Charles Guthrie in 1905. (mhmedical.com)
- Despite great skepticism that cardiac transplantation ever would be performed successfully in humans, South African Christiaan Barnard surprised the world when he performed the first human-to-human heart transplant on December 3, 1967. (mhmedical.com)
- He was appointed Section Chief of Thoracic Transplantation and Co-Director of the Comprehensive Transplant Institute at UAB in February of 2015. (uab.edu)
- OBM Transplantation is committed to rapid review and publication, and we aim at serving the international transplant community with high accessibility as well as relevant and high quality content. (lidsen.com)
Prolongation2
- Prolongation of allograft survival in rat heterotopic heart transplantation by TLCK, a serine protease inhibitor. (semanticscholar.org)
- Thesis: Prolongation of rat skin and cardiac allograft survival by treatment of animals with low doses of heparin and T-cell vaccination. (is-med.org)
Cardiac allograft transplantation1
- We investigated the graft-protective effect of a kind of statin, Pravastatin, in the survival of fully MHC-mismatched murine cardiac allograft transplantation. (medworm.com)
Ischemia-reperfusion injury2
- Critical role of angiopoietin pathway in ischemia-reperfusion injury in cardiac transplantation. (helsinki.fi)
- Prolonged cold ischemia in rat cardiac allografts promotes ischemia-reperfusion injury and the development of graft coronary artery disease in a linear fashion. (umassmed.edu)
Renal allograft1
- 1.To derive key driver genes from microarray data of human renal allograft biopsy tissue with AR 2.Identify drugs that can inhibit the key driver genes 3. (ovid.com)
Tissue allografts1
- Modalities are investigated to manipulate the immune system in order to achieve transplantation of composite tissue allografts. (chp.edu)
20022
- In 2002, equal numbers of lung transplantation (LTx) were performed with or without induction therapy with antilymphocyte antibodies, monoclonal anti-CD3 antibody or anti-interleukin‐2‐receptor monoclonal antibodies. (ersjournals.com)
- The registry of the international society for heart and lung transplantation: nineteenth official report-2002. (semanticscholar.org)
Pancreas transplantation5
- Although advances in diabetes control have been very important, pancreas transplantation continues to be the only method that allows normalization of the carbohydrates metabolism to improve the quality of life and, above all, to increase the survival of these patients. (elsevier.es)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) excretion as a factor in the severity of CMV disease in kidney and simultaneous kidney and pancreas transplantation. (booktopia.com.au)
- The first pancreas transplantation was performed in 1966 by the team of Dr. Kelly, Dr. Lillehei, Dr.Merkel, Dr.Idezuki Y, & Dr. Goetz, three years after the first kidney transplantation . (findmeacure.com)
- In 1979 the first living-related partial pancreas transplantation was done. (findmeacure.com)
- FK 506 for liver, kidney, and pancreas transplantation. (carbocation.com)
Aortic allografts1
- Drinking HW prolongs survival of cardiac allografts and reduces intimal hyperplasia of aortic allografts. (zontos.us)
Kidney allografts1
- Haemodynamic changes in human kidney allografts following administration of nifedipine: assessment with doppler spectrum analysis. (booktopia.com.au)
Graft survival2
- Renal retransplantation in Switzerland: poor HLA matching of first and subsequent allografts does not appear to affect overal graft survival. (booktopia.com.au)
- This was further supported by the observation that exogenous IL-12 administered after heart transplantation to R73 treated animals resulted in reduced graft survival. (gla.ac.uk)
Prolongs1
- Costimulation through the CD40-CD40 ligand (CD40L) pathway is critical to allograft rejection, in that anti-CD40L mAb therapy prolongs allograft survival. (jimmunol.org)
Heart transplantation model3
- The nonworking heterotopic heart transplantation model has been used extensively for the study of rejection and coronary endothelial function in different species. (hku.hk)
- In the present study, we used a skin-primed heart transplantation model in mouse to evaluate the abilities of Thalidomide (TD), alone or in combination with co-stimulatory blockade, using monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against memory T cells and alloantibodies to prolong the second cardiac survival. (biomedcentral.com)
- In the skin-primed heart transplantation model, TD combined with mAbs significantly prolonged the second cardiac survival, accompanied by inhibition of memory CD8 + T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Underwent2
- Nearly 2200 patients underwent heart transplantation in the United States in 2006. (ahajournals.org)
- A group of animals underwent thymectomy prior to transplantation under cover of R73. (gla.ac.uk)
Experimental transplantation3
- The French surgeon Alexis Carrel was the first to develop surgical procedures for experimental transplantation and his inaugural work on establishing vascular procedures for kidney and heart transplantation in dogs was recognized with the Nobel prize award in 1912. (hypothesisjournal.com)
- They also performed heterotopic experimental transplantation. (medscape.com)
- Areas related to clinical and experimental transplantation are also of interest. (lidsen.com)
Model10
- Furthermore, in a memory T cell-based adoptive mouse model, the combination of four antibodies against CD44, CD70, CD40L, and LFA-1 significantly inhibited the proliferation of memory T cells ex vivo but failed to induce long-lived heart allograft acceptance in vivo ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
- A subcutaneous heterotopic limb transplantation model in the mouse for prolonged allograft survival. (healthtap.com)
- Development of a mouse model for heterotopic limb and composite-tissue transplantation. (healthtap.com)
- Cardiac transplantation in small primates represents a unique model for investigating both xenograft and allograft rejection. (elsevier.com)
- In this thesis, experiments were carried out using a monoclonal antibody to the rat alpha/beta T cell receptor (R73) to investigate its action in a model of rat heterotopic cardiac transplantation. (gla.ac.uk)
- The popular mouse model of heterotopic cardiac transplantation has been used for over three decades to help investigators understand the pathogenesis of graft rejection and in turn, how novel drugs can attenuate the immune response to transplanted organs. (hypothesisjournal.com)
- Drug repurposing tools were used to identify candidate therapeutics and Minocycline was selected for further evaluation in a full allo-mismatch murine heterotopic cardiac allograft model. (ovid.com)
- The traditional heterotopic heart transplantation rodent model [ 1 , 2 ] lacks blood flow toward left ventricle (LV) and the graft does not pump blood, and therefore is a non-working heart (Non-WkHt). (biomedcentral.com)
- Tagging MRI (Fig. 2B, C, G, H ) and strain analysis (Fig. 2D, I ) showed that allograft heart from WkHt model preserved much more wall motion than Non-WkHt. (biomedcentral.com)
- This study examines the realization of re-epithelialization by epithelial inoculation in a rat heterotopic tracheal transplantation model. (bvsalud.org)
Chronic lung allograft2
- An experimental approach to chronic lung allograft rejection. (helsinki.fi)
- Chemokines which our group has previously described in the pathogenesis of the continuum of 'acute-to-chronic lung allograft rejection', have included both C-C (CCL2, CCL5) and CXC (CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11) chemokines as determined in bronchial-alveolar lavage (BAL). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Allogeneic transplantation1
- To learn more about the interaction of allogeneic transplantation and hypercholesterolemia in the formation of arterial lesions, we performed heterotopic cardiac transplantation in rabbits. (harvard.edu)
Acute allograft rejection1
- These observations of the lymphatic phenotype are the first of their kind and provide the evidence, that acute allograft rejection after heart and lung transplantation in human patients is associated with significant changes in the phenotype of lymphatic endothelium. (uni-muenchen.de)
Liver12
- Prior work of The Liver Forum has focused on recommendations for disease definitions and baseline parameters to be implemented in clinical trials that are designed to assess disease status and prevent progression to cirrhosis, liver transplantation, hepatocellular carcinoma, and death. (stanford.edu)
- Liver transplantation is the replacement of a diseased liver with a healthy liver allograft. (wikipedia.org)
- Liver transplantation nowadays is a well accepted treatment option for end-stage liver disease and acute liver failure. (wikipedia.org)
- This study compares inhaled anesthetics in early liver allograft IRI. (medworm.com)
- The new approach in liver transplantation of segments of the liver (split-liver) is covered in several articles. (booktopia.com.au)
- Animal research in liver transplantation with special reference to the dog. (carbocation.com)
- Evolution of liver transplantation. (carbocation.com)
- Fifteen years of clinical liver transplantation. (carbocation.com)
- Venous bypass in clinical liver transplantation. (carbocation.com)
- Liver transplantation with use of cyclosporin a and prednisone. (carbocation.com)
- Infections after liver transplantation. (carbocation.com)
- Refinements in the surgical technique of liver transplantation. (carbocation.com)
