Allantoin. Medical search

A urea hydantoin that is found in URINE and PLANTS and is used in dermatological preparations.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of urate and unidentified products. It is a copper protein. The initial products decompose to form allantoin. EC 1.7.3.3.

Compounds based on imidazolidine dione. Some derivatives are ANTICONVULSANTS.

Amino-substituted glyoxylic acid derivative.

Compounds based on reduced IMIDAZOLES containing a single double bond.

A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.

Enzymes that catalyze inversion of the configuration around an asymmetric carbon in a substrate having one (racemase) or more (epimerase) center(s) of asymmetry. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 5.1.

An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.

An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of guanine to form xanthine. EC 3.5.4.3.

Inorganic compounds that contain nitrogen as an integral part of the molecule.

Agents that affect ION PUMPS; ION CHANNELS; ABC TRANSPORTERS; and other MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS.

These enzymes catalyze the elimination of ammonia from amidines with the formation of a double bond. EC 4.3.2.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.

Medicated dosage forms that are designed to be inserted into the rectal, vaginal, or urethral orifice of the body for absorption. Generally, the active ingredients are packaged in dosage forms containing fatty bases such as cocoa butter, hydrogenated oil, or glycerogelatin that are solid at room temperature but melt or dissolve at body temperature.

Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.

Semisolid preparations used topically for protective emollient effects or as a vehicle for local administration of medications. Ointment bases are various mixtures of fats, waxes, animal and plant oils and solid and liquid hydrocarbons.

Substances and materials manufactured for use in various technologies and industries and for domestic use.

Formal voluntary or governmental procedures and standards required of hospitals and health or other facilities to improve operating efficiency, and for the protection of the consumer.

An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.

Substances intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions. Included in this definition are skin creams, lotions, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail polishes, eye and facial makeup preparations, permanent waves, hair colors, toothpastes, and deodorants, as well as any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product. (U.S. Food & Drug Administration Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition Office of Cosmetics Fact Sheet (web page) Feb 1995)

An application that must be submitted to a regulatory agency (the FDA in the United States) before a drug can be studied in humans. This application includes results of previous experiments; how, where, and by whom the new studies will be conducted; the chemical structure of the compound; how it is thought to work in the body; any toxic effects found in animal studies; and how the compound is manufactured. (From the "New Medicines in Development" Series produced by the Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association and published irregularly.)

That segment of commercial enterprise devoted to the design, development, and manufacture of chemical products for use in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, disability, or other dysfunction, or to improve function.

Perennial herb Symphytum officinale, in the family Boraginaceae, used topically for wound healing. It contains ALLANTOIN, carotene, essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE); GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, resin, SAPONINS; TANNINS; triterpenoids, VITAMIN B12, and ZINC. Comfrey also contains PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS and is hepatotoxic if ingested.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE with strong-smelling foliage. It is a source of SANTONIN and other cytotoxic TERPENES.

The Borage plant family is in the class Magnoliopsida, subclass Asteridae, order Lamiales. It is characterized by hairy foliage, usually alternate and simple; flowers are funnel-shaped or tubular. Some of the species contain PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS.

Deciduous plant rich in volatile oil (OILS, VOLATILE). It is used as a flavoring agent and has many other uses both internally and topically.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. Members contain chicoric and chlorogenic acids and germacrane- and eudesmane-type SESQUITERPENES.

Services providing pharmaceutic and therapeutic drug information and consultation.

Financing of medical care provided to public assistance recipients.

A water-soluble medicinal preparation applied to the skin.

Medical services for which no payment is received. Uncompensated care includes charity care and bad debts.

The state or quality of being kind, charitable, or beneficial. (from American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed). The ethical principle of BENEFICENCE requires producing net benefit over harm. (Bioethics Thesaurus)

A frozen dairy food made from cream or butterfat, milk, sugar, and flavorings. Frozen custard and French-type ice creams also contain eggs.

Early embryonic lethality in Bmp5;Bmp7 double mutant mice suggests functional redundancy within the 60A subgroup. (1/150)

Members of the BMP family of signaling molecules display a high conservation of structure and function, and multiple BMPs are often coexpressed in a variety of tissues during development. Moreover, distinct BMP ligands are capable of activating common pathways. Here we describe the coexpression of two members of the 60A subfamily of BMPs, Bmp5 and Bmp7, at a number of different sites in the embryo from gastrulation onwards. Previous studies demonstrate that loss of either Bmp5 or Bmp7 has negligible effects on development, suggesting these molecules functionally compensate for each other at early stages of embryonic development. Here we show this is indeed the case. Thus we find that Bmp5;Bmp7 double mutants die at 10.5 dpc and display striking defects primarily affecting the tissues where these factors are coexpressed. The present analysis also uncovers novel roles for BMP signaling during the development of the allantois, heart, branchial arches, somites and forebrain. Bmp5 and Bmp7 do not appear to be involved in establishing pattern in these tissues, but are instead necessary for the proliferation and maintenance of specific cell populations. These findings are discussed with respect to potential mechanisms underlying cooperative signaling by multiple members of the TGF-beta superfamily. (+info)

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases during murine chorioallantoic placenta maturation. (2/150)

A large body of experimental evidence supports the participation of two groups of extracellular proteases, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and plasminogen activators/plasmin, in tissue remodeling in physiological and pathological invasion. In the late mouse placenta, several tissue remodeling and cell invasion processes take place. Spongiotrophoblast migration into maternal decidua, as well as decidual extracellular matrix remodeling require the coordinated action of extracellular proteolytic enzymes. Via Northern and in situ hybridization, we have analyzed the spatio-temporal expression patterns of members of the MMP family (stromelysin-3, gelatinases A and B), as well as their inhibitors TIMP-1, -2 and -3 in late murine placenta (days 10.5 to 18.5 of gestation). Gelatinase activity in placental extracts was assessed by substrate zymography. Gelatinase A and stromelysin-3 were found to be prominently expressed in decidual tissue; shortly after midpregnancy, the decidual expression patterns of gelatinase A and stromelysin-3 became overlapping with each other, as well as with the expression domain of TIMP-2. On the other hand, gelatinase B transcripts were expressed only by trophoblast giant cells at day 10.5, and were downregulated at later stages. TIMP-1 and TIMP-3 transcripts were detected in decidual periphery at day 10.5, while later the expression was restricted to the endometrial stroma and spongiotrophoblasts, respectively. The areas of stromelysin-3 expression were the same (giant trophoblasts) or adjacent (decidua) to those where urokinase (uPA) transcripts were detected, suggesting a possible cooperation between these proteinases in placental remodeling. We generated mice doubly deficient for stromelysin-3 and uPA, and report here that these mice are viable and fertile. Furthermore, these animals do not manifest obvious placental abnormalities, thereby suggesting the existence of compensatory/redundant mechanisms involving other proteolytic enzymes. Our findings document the participation of MMPs and their inhibitors in the process of late murine placenta maturation, and warrant the characterization of other members of the MMP family, like membrane type-MMPs, in this process. (+info)

Investigation of cell culture media infected with viruses by pyrolysis mass spectrometry: implications for bioaerosol detection. (3/150)

Mass spectrometry coupled with a pyrolysis inlet system was used to investigate media from cell cultures infected with viruses. Cell culture media is an intricate mixture of numerous chemical constituents and cells that collectively produce complicated mass spectra. Cholesterol and free fatty acids were identified and attributed to lipid sources in the media (blood serum supplement and plasma membranes of host cells). These lipid moieties could be utilized as signature markers for rapidly detecting the cell culture media. Viruses are intracellular parasites and are dependent upon host cells in order to exist. Therefore, it is highly probable that significant quantities of media needed to grow and maintain viable host cells would be present if a viral agent were disseminated as an aerosol into the environment. Cholesterol was also detected from a purified virus sample, further substantiating its use as a target compound for detection. Implications of this research for detection of viral bioaerosols, using a field-portable pyrolysis mass spectrometer, is described. (+info)

Overlapping positive and negative GATA factor binding sites mediate inducible DAL7 gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (4/150)

Allantoin pathway gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to two different environmental stimuli. The expression of these genes is induced in the presence of allantoin or its degradative metabolites and repressed when a good nitrogen source (e. g. asparagine or glutamine) is provided. Three types of cis-acting sites and trans-acting factors are required for allantoin pathway gene transcription as follows: (i) UAS(NTR) element associated with the transcriptional activators Gln3p and Gat1p, (ii) URS(GATA) element associated with the repressor Dal80p, and (iii) UIS(ALL) element associated with the Dal82 and Dal81 proteins required for inducer-dependent transcription. Most of the work leading to the above conclusions has employed inducer-independent allantoin pathway genes (e.g. DAL5 and DAL3). The purpose of this work is to extend our understanding of these elements and their roles to inducible allantoin pathway genes using the DAL7 (encoding malate synthase) as a model. We show that eight distinct cis-acting sites participate in the process as follows: a newly identified GC-rich element, two UAS(NTR), two UIS(ALL), and three URS(GATA) elements. The two GATA-containing UAS(NTR) elements are coincident with two of the three GATA sequences that make up the URS(GATA) elements. The remaining URS(GATA) GATA sequence, however, is not a UAS(NTR) element but appears to function only in repression. The data provide insights into how these cis- and trans-acting factors function together to accomplish the regulated expression of the DAL7 gene that is observed in vivo. (+info)

Clostridium innocuum: a glucoseureide-splitting inhabitant of the human intestinal tract. (5/150)

Glycosylureides were recently described as non-invasive markers of intestinal transit time. The underlying principle is an enzymatic splitting of (13)C-labelled ureides by intestinal bacteria. The (13)CO(2) released from the urea moiety of the glycosylureides can be measured in breath samples when the ingested tracer substrate reaches the caecum that is colonised with microbes. To date, the microbes that degrade glycosylureides are unknown. In order to identify the glucoseureide (GU)-splitting bacteria, 174 different strains of intestinal microbes obtained from five healthy adults were checked for their ability to degrade GU. The results of the microbial cultures and thin layer chromatography revealed that GU was exclusively degraded by Clostridium innocuum, belonging to the normal human intestinal microflora. C. innocuum probably synthesises a yet unknown enzyme that splits the glucose-urea bond. We suggest that the term glucoseureidehydrolase is the appropriate designation for this enzyme. (+info)

Genetic analysis of a chromosomal region containing genes required for assimilation of allantoin nitrogen and linked glyoxylate metabolism in Escherichia coli. (6/150)

Growth experiments with Escherichia coli have shown that this organism is able to use allantoin as a sole nitrogen source but not as a sole carbon source. Nitrogen assimilation from this compound was possible only under anaerobic conditions, in which all the enzyme activities involved in allantoin metabolism were detected. Of the nine genes encoding proteins required for allantoin degradation, only the one encoding glyoxylate carboligase (gcl), the first enzyme of the pathway leading to glycerate, had been identified and mapped at centisome 12 on the chromosome map. Phenotypic complementation of mutations in the other two genes of the glycerate pathway, encoding tartronic semialdehyde reductase (glxR) and glycerate kinase (glxK), allowed us to clone and map them closely linked to gcl. Complete sequencing of a 15.8-kb fragment encompassing these genes defined a regulon with 12 open reading frames (ORFs). Due to the high similarity of the products of two of these ORFs with yeast allantoinase and yeast allantoate amidohydrolase, a systematic analysis of the gene cluster was undertaken to identify genes involved in allantoin utilization. A BLASTP search predicted four of the genes that we sequenced to encode allantoinase (allB), allantoate amidohydrolase (allC), ureidoglycolate hydrolase (allA), and ureidoglycolate dehydrogenase (allD). The products of these genes were overexpressed and shown to have the predicted corresponding enzyme activities. Transcriptional fusions to lacZ permitted the identification of three functional promoters corresponding to three transcriptional units for the structural genes and another promoter for the regulatory gene allR. Deletion of this regulatory gene led to constitutive expression of the regulon, indicating a negatively acting function. (+info)

Systematic review of comparative efficacy and tolerability of calcipotriol in treating chronic plaque psoriasis. (7/150)

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the comparative efficacy and tolerability of topical calcipotriol in the treatment of mild to moderate chronic plaque psoriasis. DESIGN: Quantitative systematic review of randomised controlled trials. SUBJECTS: 6038 patients with plaque psoriasis reported in 37 trials. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mean difference in percentage change in scores on psoriasis area and severity index, and response rate ratios for both patients' and investigators' overall assessments of marked improvement or better. Adverse effects were estimated with the rate ratio, rate difference, and number needed to treat. RESULTS: Calcipotriol was at least as effective as potent topical corticosteroids, calcitriol, short contact dithranol, tacalcitol, coal tar, and combined coal tar 5%, allantoin 2%, and hydrocortisone 0.5%. Calcipotriol caused significantly more skin irritation than potent topical corticosteroids (number needed to treat to harm for irritation 10, 95% confidence interval 6 to 34). Calcipotriol monotherapy also caused more irritation than calcipotriol combined with a potent topical corticosteroid (6, 4 to 8). However, the number needed to treat for dithranol to produce lesional or perilesional irritation was 4 (3 to 5). On average, treating 23 patients with short contact dithranol led to one more patient dropping out of treatment owing to adverse effects than if they were treated with calcipotriol. CONCLUSIONS: Calcipotriol is an effective treatment for mild to moderate chronic plaque psoriasis, more so than calcitriol, tacalcitol, coal tar, and short contact dithranol. Only potent topical corticosteroids seem to have comparable efficacy at eight weeks. Although calcipotriol caused more skin irritation than topical corticosteroids this has to be balanced against the potential long term effects of corticosteroids. Skin irritation rarely led to withdrawal of calcipotriol treatment. Longer term comparative trials of calcipotriol versus dithranol and topical corticosteroids are needed to see whether these short term benefits are mirrored by long term outcomes such as duration of remission and improvement in quality of life. (+info)

Ureide degradation pathways in intact soybean leaves. (8/150)

Ureides dramatically accumulate in shoots of N(2)-fixing soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) under water deficit and this accumulation is higher in cultivars that have N(2) fixation that is sensitive to water deficit. One possible explanation is that ureide accumulation is associated with a feedback inhibition of nitrogenase activity. A critical factor involved in ureide accumulation is likely to be the rate of ureide degradation in the leaves. There exists, however, a controversy concerning the pathway of allantoic acid degradation in soybean. Allantoate amidinohydrolase was reported to be the pathway of degradation in studies using the cultivar Maple Arrow and allantoate amidohydrolase was the pathway that existed in the cultivar Williams. This investigation was undertaken to resolve the existence of these two pathways. An in situ technique was developed to examine the response of ureide degradation in leaf tissue to various treatments. In addition, the response of ureide accumulation and N(2) fixation activity was measured for intact plants in response to treatments that differentially influenced the two degradation pathways. The results from these studies confirmed that Maple Arrow and Williams degraded allantoic acid by different pathways as originally reported. The existence of two degradation pathways within the soybean germplasm opens the possibility of modifying ureide degradation to minimize the influence of soil water deficits on N(2) fixation activity. (+info)

These include ammonia, allantoin, uric acid, and urea. Arthropod hormones are present, most notably the juvenile hormone. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolymph

Van der Drift L, Vogels GD, Van der Drift C (1975). "Allantoin racemase: a new enzyme from Pseudomonas species". Biochim. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphodiester_alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase

Similarly to rasburicase, it metabolises uric acid to allantoin. This reduces the risk of precipitates, since allantoin is five ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pegloticase

For this purpose, it is sometimes combined with allantoin. It binds to the hair shaft readily; so, it is a common component of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panthenol

... can also be synthesized either by heating allantoin with hydroiodic acid or by "heating bromacetyl urea with ... He obtained it by hydrogenation of allantoin, hence the name. Friedrich Urech synthesized 5-methylhydantoin in 1873 from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydantoin

When heated with urea to 100 °C, it forms allantoin. By continued boiling of its aqueous solution it is decomposed into carbon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dihydroxymalonic_acid

It is a crystalline acid obtained by hydrolysis of allantoin. "allantoic acid - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allantoic_acid

Plantain contains the phytochemicals allantoin, aucubin, ursolic acid, flavonoids, and asperuloside. Plantain extract has been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantago_major

In enzymology, an allantoinase (EC 3.5.2.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (S)-allantoin + H2O ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is (S)-allantoin amidohydrolase. This enzyme participates in purine metabolism. ... displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } allantoate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are (S)-allantoin and H2O, whereas its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allantoinase

It is the third step of the conversion of uric acid (a purine derivative) to allantoin. Step one is catalysed by urate oxidase ... Kim K, Park J, Rhee S (2007). "Structural and functional basis for (S)-allantoin formation in the ureide pathway". J Biol Chem ... It catalyses the decarboxylation of 2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline (OHCU) into S(+)-allantoin. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-oxo-4-hydroxy-4-carboxy-5-ureidoimidazoline_decarboxylase

This is converted to 5-hydroxyisourate, which decarboxylates to allantoin and allantoic acid. After hydrolyzing one urea, this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolaldehyde

First identification of allantoin, C4H6N4O3 in Kahf Kharrat Najem Cave, United Arab Emirates. International Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos_Frumkin

... is the first in a pathway of three enzymes to convert uric acid to S-(+)-allantoin. After uric acid is converted ... This means that instead of producing allantoin as the end product of purine oxidation, the pathway ends with uric acid. This ... However, humans lack the subsequent enzyme HIU hydroxylase in the pathway to degrade uric acid to allantoin, so long-term urate ... allantoin + CO2 Urate oxidase is mainly localised in the liver, where it forms a large electron-dense paracrystalline core in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urate_oxidase

doi:10.1016/0043-1354(94)00156-2. Prasad, P. V. D. (1983). Hypoxanthine and allantoin as nitrogen sources for the growth of ... have granules on the outer cell walls Lemmermannia tetrapedia can use hypoxanthine and allantoin as the only nitrogen source ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemmermannia

... allantoin- from the comfrey plant or cows' urine -is found in shampoos, moisturizers and toothpaste; and carmine from scale ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veganism

The name is derived from allantoin, a product of uric acid excreted by the fetus into the allantois, and oxaluric acid derived ... The name "Alloxan" emerged from an amalgamation of the words "allantoin" and "Oxalsäure" (oxalic acid). The alloxan model of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alloxan

His research included studies of nitrites, allantoin, aromatic glycols and on the synthesis of citric acid. Also, he conducted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Édouard_Grimaux

It is a recombinant version of urate oxidase, an enzyme that metabolizes uric acid to allantoin. Urate oxidase is known to be ... Rasburicase catalyzes enzymatic oxidation of poorly soluble uric acid into an inactive and more soluble metabolite allantoin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasburicase

Supplemental use of an anti-irritant such as allantoin may also be helpful in reducing irritation. At higher concentrations (10 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_hydroxy_acid

In almost all land animals, urate oxidase further catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin, but in humans and most ... The evolutionary reasons for this loss of urate conversion to allantoin remain the topic of active speculation. The antioxidant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioxidant

... is only able to grow in the presence of uric acid, allantoin, or allantoic acid. Bacillus fastidiosus has ... Bacillus fastidious has the ability to use uricase to degrade uric acid to allantoin, and then use allantoinase to degrade ... allantoin to allantoate. It also has the ability to further break down allantoate to ammonia and ureidoglycolate via the enzyme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_fastidiosus

Comfrey contains mixed phytochemicals in varying amounts, including allantoin, mucilage, saponins, tannins, pyrrolizidine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphytum

Allantoin Formylmethionine Methionine oxidation Paracetamol poisoning Photoreactive methionine S-Methylcysteine Dawson RM, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methionine

Maggots secrete several chemicals that kill microbes, including allantoin, urea, phenylacetic acid, phenylacetaldehyde, calcium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insects_in_medicine

Water (purified), PEG-4, Aloe barbadensis leaf juice, Allium cepa (onion) bulb extract, xanthan gum, allantoin, methylparaben, ... allantoin gel in prevention of scarring in chinese patients having laser removal of tattoos: a prospective randomized ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mederma

... urate oxidase further catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to allantoin,[87] but in humans and most higher primates, the urate ... The evolutionary reasons for this loss of urate conversion to allantoin remain the topic of active speculation.[89][90] The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_radical_scavenger

... is produced by the chemical reaction of allantoin and formaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazolidinyl_urea

In 1960, Sunsilk Tonic shampoo was launched, containing skin healing ingredient Allantoin - designed to help keep the scalp ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunsilk

Such agents (keratolytics) include alkali (by swelling and hydrolysis of skin), salicylic acid, urea, lactic acid, allantoin, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keratolytic

... is a component of some skin care products together with other skin soothing compounds such as allantoin. Guaiazulene has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaiazulene

In fish, allantoin is broken down further (into ammonia) before excretion. Allantoin has been shown to improve insulin ... Chemically synthesized bulk allantoin, which is chemically equivalent to natural allantoin, is safe, non-toxic, compatible with ... Mutants in the B. subtilis pucI gene were unable to grow on allantoin, indicating that it encodes an allantoin transporter. In ... Over 10,000 patents reference allantoin. Manufacturers cite several beneficial effects for allantoin as an active ingredient in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allantoin

Allantoin acts as an astringent to cause the cells that it comes into contact with to shrink and dry out. This causes shrinkage ... Anodesyn (allantoin, lidocaine). Anodesyn ointment and suppositories contain lidocaine hydrochloride (previously known as ... There are currently no other medicines available in the UK that contain allantoin and lidocaine as the active ingredients. ...

https://www.netdoctor.co.uk/medicines/digestion/a6215/anodesyn-allantoin-lidocaine/

... allantoin Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, (S)(+)-allantoin, and one product, (R)(-)-allantoin. This enzyme belongs to the ... In enzymology, an allantoin racemase (EC 5.1.99.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (S)(+)-allantoin ⇌ {\ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is allantoin racemase. This enzyme participates in purine metabolism. Van der Drift L ... Vogels GD, Van der Drift C (1975). "Allantoin racemase: a new enzyme from Pseudomonas species". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 391 (1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allantoin_racemase

Allantoin USP Chemistry: Biofunctional. INCI: Allantoin. SDS Link , Allantoin, a white colorless crystalline powder, is well ... Allantoin USP meets current US Pharmacopeia (USP) and European Pharmacpeia (EP) monographs. The United States (U.S.) Food and ... Drug Administration (FDA) lists Allantoin as a skin protectant at 0.5% to 2.%. ...

https://www.ashland.com/industries/personal-and-home-care/oral-care/allantoin

Beyond providing Skin Deep® as an educational tool for consumers, EWG offers its EWG VERIFIED™ mark as a quick and easily identifiable way of conveying personal care products that meet EWGs strict health criteria. Before a company can use EWG VERIFIEDTM on such products, the company must show that it fully discloses the products ingredients on their labels or packaging, they do not contain EWG ingredients of concern, and are made with good manufacturing practices, among other criteria. Note that EWG receives licensing fees from all EWG VERIFIED member companies that help to support the important work we do. Learn more , Legal Disclaimer ...

http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/browse.php?brand_id=259&ingred06=700244&showmore=products&atatime=100

ARC SKIN PROTECTANT (allantoin) ointment. NDC Code(s): 69148-001-00, 69148-001-01 *Packager: Anjon Biologics, Inc ... ANY MI NATURAL MAGIC BB NO.5 (allantoin) cream. NDC Code(s): 62695-1001-1 *Packager: K.N.Life Co., Ltd. ... ANY MI NATURAL MAGIC BB NO.7 (allantoin) cream. NDC Code(s): 62695-2001-1 *Packager: K.N.Life Co., Ltd. ... ATOMU (allantoin) cream. NDC Code(s): 72544-030-01, 72544-030-02 *Packager: CELIM BIOTECH CO.,LTD ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?query=ALLANTOIN&vfile=&page=2&pagesize=20

ALLANTOIN (UNII: 344S277G0Z) (ALLANTOIN - UNII:344S277G0Z) ALLANTOIN. 0.5 g in 100 mL. ... ALRA THERAPY- allantoin lotion. Out of scope - Out of scope for RxNorm and will not receive RxNorm normal forms. Out of scope ... ALRA THERAPY- allantoin lotion. To receive this label RSS feed. Copy the URL below and paste it into your RSS Reader ... ALRA THERAPY- allantoin lotion. If this SPL contains inactivated NDCs listed by the FDA initiated compliance action, they will ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=9e5d736d-0f07-416c-aca1-636b0fd0a04f

14C Allantoin passed through the blood bicarbonate pool, suggesting that Allantoin is degraded in the gastrointestinal tract. A ... Test animals were dosed with 28 µCi of 4,5-14C labeled Allantoin and 15 mg unlabelled Allantoin in 10 mL isotonic saline via ... Uric acid is converted to Allantoin by urate oxidase, followed by Allantoin excretion. Humans and some non-human primates do ... Most mammals process purines to Allantoin yielding stable endogenous levels of Allantoin in both blood and urine. Purine ...

https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13641/7/2/1

Allantoin. Type of composition:. legal entity composition of the substance. State / form:. solid: particulate/powder. Reference ... Allantoin. Type of composition:. legal entity composition of the substance. State / form:. solid: particulate/powder. Reference ... Allantoin. Type of composition:. legal entity composition of the substance. State / form:. solid: particulate/powder. Reference ...

https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13641/3/1/6

Allantoin is an excellent addition to handmade facial toners, lotions, creams, and even mineral makeup. ... Allantoin is an excellent addition to the most luxurious of handmade products. This powder can be added to nearly any water ... Allantoin Powder: Allantoin Powder is an excellent addition to the most luxurious of handmade products. It can be added to ... I use Allantoin in my facial creams. So Im glad to see that Bramble Berry is now offering this item. A little goes a long way ...

https://www.brambleberry.com/Allantoin-Powder-P6772.aspx

Allantoin, camphor, and phenol topical is a combination medicine used to treat pain, itching, or severe lip dryness caused by ... Allantoin is a skin protectant. Camphor and phenol are mild topical (for the skin) pain relievers. ... What is allantoin, camphor, and phenol topical?. What is allantoin, camphor, and phenol topical?. Allantoin is a skin ... How should I use allantoin, camphor, and phenol topical?. How should I use allantoin, camphor, and phenol topical?. Use exactly ...

https://www.cigna.com/individuals-families/health-wellness/hw/medications/allantoin-camphor-and-phenol-d03710a1

Find user ratings and reviews for lanolin-allantoin topical on WebMD including side effects and drug interactions, medication ... Read user comments about the side effects, benefits, and effectiveness of lanolin-allantoin topical. ...

https://www.webmd.com/drugs/drugreview-76958-lanolin-allantoin-cream.aspx?drugid=76958&drugname=lanolin-allantoin-cream

Generic drug Allantoin combination available with manufacturer details. Click on the desired brand to find out the drug price ... Allantoin, Clindamycin Phosphate STIEFEL INDIA PVT LTD.. Gel. View Price. 13. Clinscar Face Wash. Alum 2% w/w + Allantoin 0.1% ... Allantoin, Clindamycin Rowan Bioceuticals Pvt. Ltd.. Gel. View Price. 11. Clin 3 Soap. Allantoin, Tea Tree Oil, Triclosan, Vit ... Allantoin, Coaltar Elder Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd.. Cream. View Price. 8. Anaproct Ointment. Allantoin, Hydrocortisone Acetate ...

https://www.medindia.net/drug-price/allantoin-combination.htm

Allantoin is also used for its soothing and anti-irritating properties.. Allantoin has been classified by the Food and Drug ... Racemic forms of allantoin are generally obtained from chemical synthesis. Optically pure forms of allantoin can be obtained by ... The term allantoin, when used in accordance with the present invention, means allantoin that is either prepared from ... solubility of allantoin at the FDA-approved levels is an issue. For example, solubility of allantoin in water at 25° C. is 0.45 ...

https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2008/0247985.html

Allantoin is used as a moisturizing agent to prevent or treat various skin disorders such as dry, itchy, scaly skin or the ... General Information on Allantoin. Generic Name : Allantoin Pronunciation : al-lan- to-in. Latest prescription information about ... Why is Allantoin Prescribed? (Indications) Allantoin is used as a moisturizing agent to prevent or treat various skin disorders ... Trade Names/Brand Names of Allantoin. India : Anomex , Prucial , Aloederm-B (250 gm) , Cosglo , Masse Cream , Alorex , Alphosyl ...

https://www.medindia.net/doctors/drug_information/allantoin.htm

Allantoin, Allantoin Ascorbate, Allantoin Biotin, Allantoin Galacturonic Acid, Allantoin Polygalacturonic Acid, Allantoin ... Allantoin Biotin, Allantoin Galacturonic Acid, Allantoin Polygalacturonic Acid, Allantoin Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Allantoin ... Allantoin Biotin, Allantoin Galacturonic Acid, Allantoin Polygalacturonic Acid, Allantoin Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Allantoin ... Allantoin Ascorbate, and the Allantoin salt of vitamin B7, Allantoin Biotin. Allantoin complexes that may be used in cosmetics ...

https://cosmeticsinfo.org/ingredient/allantoin

Alphosyl Lotion information about active ingredients, pharmaceutical forms and doses by GlaxoSmithKline, Alphosyl Lotion indications, usages and related health products lists

http://drugs-about.com/drugs-a/alphosyl-lotion.html

Silco information about active ingredients, pharmaceutical forms and doses by Candor Biotech, Silco indications, usages and related health products lists

http://drugs-about.com/drugs-s/silco.html

If allantoin is proven to also increase longevity in humans, the next step would be turning it into a pill. The worms ingested ... The next step for us is to understand the mechanisms by which allantoin extends life span, as this could reveal new longevity ... A team of researchers at the University of Liverpool has discovered that allantoin, an ingredient found in many skin-care ... When the researchers tested the effects of allantoin-a botanical extract derived from the comfrey plant-on nematode worms, they ...

https://www.allure.com/story/allantoin-skin-ingredient-longevity

... and Allantoin 2.5% Cream. Includes ingredients, method of preparation, discussion, and references for the compounding ... Coal Tar 2% and Allantoin 2.5% Cream. Allen Loyd V Jr Nov/Dec 2007. 508. Buy. ... Related Keywords: Loyd V. Allen, Jr., PhD, RPh, formulation, skin disorders, coal tar, allantoin, antiseptic agent, astringent ... Abstract: A formulation for preparing Coal Tar 2% and Allantoin 2.5% Cream. Includes ingredients, method of preparation, ...

https://ijpc.com/abstracts/abstract.cfm?ABS=2690

Nutrient - Allantoin. By Nutri People. Allantoin is a particular active part of the herb comfrey (Symphytum officinale). ... Allantoin is popular for skincare, as it is well absorbed, helps soothe and is easily dispersed throughout the body. It ...

http://www.nutripeople.co.uk/nutrient.asp?articleid=213

C, Michaelis-Menten kinetics of [14C]allantoin uptake. D, Inhibition of [14C]allantoin uptake in yeast cells. [14C]allantoin ... Synthesis and Purification of [14C]Allantoin for Transport Studies. [14C]allantoin was produced from 8-[14C]uric acid in a ... 5J), suggesting a role of PvUPS1 in importing allantoin into the symplast to pass the endodermis and in loading of allantoin ... Transport studies in yeast cells with [14C]-labeled allantoin showed that PvUPS1 mediates uptake of allantoin (Fig. 3A) and ...

http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/134/2/664

F). To completely mix and disperse Allantoin, very good mixing is a must.. INCI: Allantoin. Country of origin: Could be U.S., ... This chemically synthesized allantoin, which is chemically equivalent to natural allantoin, is non-toxic and compatible with ... Synthetic allantoin is available today to accelerate wound healing and is used for skin ulcer therapy when applied topically ( ... Allantoin is used in cosmetic applications such as shaving creams, shampoos, lipsticks, suntan products, hair gels, body powder ...

http://www.camdengrey.com/essential-oils/Raw-Materials-Humectants-Emollients/allantoin.html

But back to allantoins role in skin care. Allantoin is a white, odorless powder that is safe and non-allergenic. Its properties ... Humans however, do not have this enzyme and so do not make allantoin, or at least not significant amounts. Allantoin will ... How does Colorado Aromatics use allantoin? In three of our balms we use allantoin containing herbs; comfrey in our Joint Jam ... Allantoin is formed from uric acid which occurs from breakdown of purine. I love when my current reading takes me back to ...

https://sagescript.com/2012/01/09/allantoin-in-cosmetics/

In this regard, allantoin is sometimes used as a marker of oxidative stress. Allantoin can be isolated from cow urine or as a ... Allantoin. Description. Allantoin is a diureide of glyoxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6N4O3. It is also called 5- ... Allantoin helps to heal wounds and skin irritations and stimulates the growth of healthy tissue. Allantoin can be found in anti ... In humans, uric acid is excreted instead of allantoin. The presence of allantoin in the urine can be an indication of microbial ...

http://www.hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0000462

Allantoin Market size is set to exceed USD 670 million by 2023 led by increasing demand from cosmetic sector says, a new ... Allantoin Market size is set to exceed USD 670 million by 2023; according to a new research report by Global Market Insights, ... Allantoin market research report includes in-depth coverage of the industry with estimates & forecast in terms of volume in ... Allantoin Market worth over USD 670 million by 2023. Published Date: February 3, 2017 Author: Global Market Insights, Inc. ...

https://www.gminsights.com/pressrelease/allantoin-market-size/amp

... containing onion extract and allantoin has been developed for preventing and treating dermatologic scars and keloids. Here, we ... Ho WS, Ying SY, Chan PC, Chan HH (2006) Use of onion extract, heparin, allantoin gel in prevention of scarring in chinese ... Our results agree with other studies showing that the onion extract and allantoin used in the OIP are effective and well ... This study examined an OIP that combines the benefits of occlusion and onion extract and allantoin. The study confirmed that ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00266-018-1172-4

... Hellsten, Y ... During EX1 there was a significant accumulation of urate (from 0.16 +/- 0.02 to 0.27 +/- 0.03 micromol/kg d.w.) and allantoin ( ... yet the level of oxidative stress in EX1 and EX2 was similar as evidenced by a similar increase in muscle allantoin in both ...

http://umu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:451549&language=en

Utilization of allantoin as a nitrogen source.Cultures ofE. coli ECL1 placed on minimal medium plus allantoin did not grow ... To avoid hydrolysis, the allantoin medium was freshly prepared by dissolving allantoin in mineral medium and sterilizing the ... which in turn reinforces the weak activation of the gclpromoter by allantoin and thus allows efficient utilization of allantoin ... Under anaerobic conditions, allantoin activates the promoters at the 5′ ends of allA and allD, leading to the expression of ...

https://jb.asm.org/content/181/24/7479

Allantoin) drug information & product resources from MPR including dosage information, educational materials, & patient ...

https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/mederma-scar-cream--spf-30/drug/7831/

A study published in 2009 reported the treatment of pruritus in mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis with a topical nonsteroidal agent containing allantoin. (wikipedia.org)
What is the most important information I should know about allantoin, camphor, and phenol topical? (cigna.com)
Allantoin, camphor, and phenol topical is a combination medicine used to treat pain, itching, or severe lip dryness caused by chapped lips or cold sores (fever blisters). (cigna.com)
Allantoin, camphor, and phenol topical may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. (cigna.com)
What should I discuss with my health care provider before using allantoin, camphor, and phenol topical? (cigna.com)
How should I use allantoin, camphor, and phenol topical? (cigna.com)
Read user comments about the side effects, benefits, and effectiveness of lanolin-allantoin topical. (webmd.com)
1. A substantially homogeneous preparation for topical application, comprising, by weight of the total preparation: allantoin in an amount of from about 0.5% to about 5%, urea in an amount of from about 10% to about 50%, at least one active ingredient, an aqueous vehicle, wherein allantoin, urea, and the active ingredient are substantially solubilized in the preparation. (freepatentsonline.com)
Allantoin has been widely used for decades in cosmetic and OTC topical formulations because it is so effective at only 0.5%, making it an economical anti-inflammatory additive. (ingredientstodiefor.com)
Allantoin is also used in the topical pharmaceutical market in psoriasis medications and analgesic gels. (ingredientstodiefor.com)
What are the possible side effects of allantoin, camphor, and phenol topical? (nashunchealthcare.org)
A study shows that topical application of allantoin, along with other ingredients, improves skin texture and drastically reduces the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines ( 4 ). (stylecraze.com)
The FDA-approved topical application of allantoin at 0.5% to 2.0% concentration is considered safe ( 1 ). (stylecraze.com)

Imidazolidinyl urea and diazolidinyl urea, are antimicrobial condensation products of allantoin with formaldehyde. (wikipedia.org)
The composition base comprises solubilized allantoin at a level of at least 0.5% and urea at a level of at least 10% in an aqueous vehicle. (freepatentsonline.com)
Although Allantoin can be isolated from these plants, most Allantoin used in cosmetics and personal care products is made from urea and glyoxylic acid. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
Degradation of allantoin, allantoate, or urea by Saccharomyces cerevisiae requires the participation of four enzymes and four transport systems. (asm.org)
Urea and allantoin in milk of cows during and after provision of too much or too little protein. (eurekamag.com)
With 11.6, 14.5 and 17.1% crude protein in diet, crude protein and allantoin values in milk did not change but urea reached 8.7, 17.7 and 29.4 mg/100 ml. (eurekamag.com)
Allantoin may be found in Imiadazolidinyl urea which is found in some mineral makeup formulations. (essence-of-mineral-makeup.com)
Catalyzes the catabolism of the allantoin degradation intermediate (S)-ureidoglycolate, generating urea and glyoxylate. (uniprot.org)

Allantoin complexes that may be used in cosmetics and personal care products include Allantoin Galacturonic Acid, Allanotoin Polygalacturonic Acid, Allantoin Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Allantoin Panthenol. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
Allantoin, Allantoin Ascorbate, Allantoin Biotin, Allantoin Galacturonic Acid, Allantoin Polygalacturonic Acid, Allantoin Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Allanotin Panthenol all function as skin-conditioning agents - miscellaneous. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
Although no data were identified on the compounds containing Allantoin, the CIR Expert Panel has previously reviewed the safety of ascorbic acid, biotin, glycyrrhetinic acid and panthenol. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
Based on the data on Allantoin, and the CIR Expert Panel's knowledge of the safety of the components in the other compounds included in the report, the CIR Expert Panel concluded that Allantoin, Allantoin Ascorbate, Allantoin Biotin, Allantoin Galacturonic Acid, Allantoin Polygalacturonic Acid, Allantoin Glycyrrhetinic Acid and Allantoin Panthenol were safe for use cosmetic ingredients. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
Jul 4, 2020 - Scar Gel with Allantoin, Allicin and Panthenol #BrownSkinSpotsOnMyFace Luckily for you, we've done the research and have compiled our top picks for the best skin lightening creams for hyperpigmentation that will leave your skin looking absolutely flawless. (turboscholarship.com)
Allantoin and d-panthenol contained in the product have additional soothing and moisturising properties. (marionkosmetyki.pl)

Allantoin, also known as glyoxyldiureide or 5-ureidohydantoin, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as imidazoles. (ymdb.ca)

A team of researchers at the University of Liverpool has discovered that allantoin, an ingredient found in many skin-care products, like those from Simple and Shiseido Revitalizing Cream , is part of a group of compounds that are able to imitate the effects of a starvation diet on the body. (allure.com)
Allantoin has been classified by the FDA as an Over-The-Counter (OTC) Category I (safe and effective) active ingredient skin protectant. (lotioncrafter.com)
Jun 22, 2020 - Allantoin, an extremely active ingredient used in many skin care applications, has wonderful therapeutic actions on the skin. (turboscholarship.com)
Allantoin doesn't tend to get much media spotlight as a skin care ingredient, so it's likely that you've never come across it before. (beautycarechoices.com)
Allantoin is considered a very effective moisturizing ingredient when used in skincare, and its gentle, non-irritating qualities make it an excellent addition to anti-aging products for those with sensitive or easily irritated skin. (beautycarechoices.com)
The FDA allows allantoin as an active ingredient in over-the-counter products, and the Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel deems allantoin safe as a cosmetic ingredient. (livestrong.com)
Allantoin is an ingredient in Mederma (and a bunch of other scar gels and creams). (skincarevibes.com)
Even though it has smoothing properties, allantoin isn't the ultimate skin smoothing ingredient. (skincarevibes.com)
Allantoin is a chemical ingredient that is often used to treat dry, rough, and itchy skin. (stylecraze.com)
Allantoin is a common ingredient in everyday cosmetic products, including shampoo, lipstick, moisturizers and lotions. (oureverydaylife.com)

There are currently no other medicines available in the UK that contain allantoin and lidocaine as the active ingredients. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Among the Allantoin containing ingredients, Allantoin itself is most likely to be used in cosmetics and personal care products. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
The CIR Expert Panel evaluated the scientific data and based on the available information concluded that Allantoin and the compounds containing Allantoin were safe for use as cosmetic ingredients. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
Allantoin and the Allantoin-containing ingredients may be used in cosmetics and personal care products marketed in Europe according to the general provisions of the Cosmetics Regulation of the European Union . (cosmeticsinfo.org)
Allantoin is one of my favorite herb derived cosmetic ingredients. (sagescript.com)
Allantoin is compatible with most ingredients used in personal care formulations. (lotioncrafter.com)
Do not use it if you have faced allergic reactions to Allantoin or any of its ingredients previously. (lybrate.com)
Most of the studies out there show that allantoin combined with other ingredients like onion extract, heparin, etc. can improve and prevent scarring ( source 1 , source 2 , source 3 ). (skincarevibes.com)
Calendula and allantoin are natural ingredients from flowers that soothe and comfort skin. (uniproma.com)
It has some amazing ingredients like Lactic Acid (AHA), Allantoin (soothing) and Sodium PCA (humectant). (uniproma.com)
Ingredients Allantoin DetailsParticle size (10-50 µm). (tkbtrading.com)

Anodesyn ointment and suppositories contain lidocaine hydrochloride (previously known as lignocaine hydrochloride in the UK) and allantoin. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Can she use Shield Ointment (Composition: Lidocaine, Hydrocortisone Acetate, Zinc Oxide and Allantoin) now at her rectum, as she used to do? (lybrate.com)

Generico Shield (Allantoin + Hydrocortisone + Lidocaine + Zinc 15g) € 13.09 pillola - Cura Della Pelle @ Canadian online pharmacy. (vachl.com)

Increasing drug and medicine developments globally on account of emerging fatal diseases such as Ebola and H1N1, shall boost the overall pharmaceutical business, which is likely to complement the global allantoin market size by 2023. (gminsights.com)
The global Allantoin market size is projected to reach US$ 560.2 million by 2026, from US$ 421.4 million in 2020, at a CAGR of 4.9% during 2021-2026. (crypto-daily.news)

Increasing product usage in the cosmetic sector was the prime factor propelling the overall allantoin market size over the estimated period. (gminsights.com)
In 2015, cosmetics accounted for the major chunk of the overall allantoin market size. (gminsights.com)
From a global perspective, this report represents overall Allantoin market size by analysing historical data and future prospect. (crypto-daily.news)

Allantoin, a white colorless crystalline powder, is well known skin and oral mucosa protectant. (ashland.com)
Allantoin Powder is an excellent addition to the most luxurious of handmade products. (brambleberry.com)
Allantoin is a white odorless powder. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
Allantoin powder: Camden-Grey Essential Oils, Inc. (camdengrey.com)
Allantoin is a white, odorless powder that is safe and non-allergenic. (sagescript.com)
Allantoin is a synthetic, free-flowing hygroscopic powder widely used in cosmetic, dermatological and pharmaceutical formulations for its soothing and anti-irritating properties. (lotioncrafter.com)
Other beauty and toiletry products that use allantoin as a base include talcum powder, lipsticks, tooth pastes and mouth washes, shaving and after-shave products, baby preparations products, eye preparation products, rectal preparation products and soaps and detergents. (essence-of-mineral-makeup.com)
Allantoin is an odorless white powder commonly used in scar healing products. (livestrong.com)

Allantoin is a diureide of glyoxylic acid with the chemical formula C4H6N4O3. (hmdb.ca)

Of the nine genes encoding proteins required for allantoin degradation, only the one encoding glyoxylate carboligase ( gcl ), the first enzyme of the pathway leading to glycerate, had been identified and mapped at centisome 12 on the chromosome map. (asm.org)
Utilization of allantoin as a nitrogen source by Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae was first suggested by Vogels and van der Drift in a review of the degradation of purines and pyrimidines by microorganisms ( 26 ). (asm.org)
Metabolic map of the pathway for the degradation of allantoin in Enterobacteriaceae . (asm.org)
Therefore, AtUPS1 presumably is involved in the uptake of allantoin and other purine degradation products when primary sources are limiting. (plantcell.org)
Clustering of the genes for allantoin degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (ymdb.ca)
Found in both animals and plants, allantoin is a naturally-occurring compound produced from the degradation of uric acid . (skincarevibes.com)
This protein is involved in the pathway (S)-allantoin degradation, which is part of Nitrogen metabolism. (uniprot.org)
View all proteins of this organism that are known to be involved in the pathway (S)-allantoin degradation and in Nitrogen metabolism . (uniprot.org)

In humans and other higher apes, the metabolic pathway for conversion of uric acid to allantoin is not present, so the former is excreted. (wikipedia.org)
Since uric acid is the end product of the purine metabolism in humans, only non-enzymatic processes with reactive oxygen species will give rise to allantoin, which is thus a suitable biomarker to measure oxidative stress in chronic illnesses and senescence. (wikipedia.org)
Excretion of orally dosed Allantoin is approximately 30% of the absorbed dose in rats and humans and 75% of the absorbed dose in canines. (europa.eu)
The dermal penetration of Allantoin in humans was shown to be dependent on the formulation. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
If allantoin is proven to also increase longevity in humans, the next step would be turning it into a pill. (allure.com)
Humans however, do not have this enzyme and so do not make allantoin, or at least not significant amounts. (sagescript.com)
In humans, uric acid is excreted instead of allantoin. (hmdb.ca)
In most mammals, excluding humans, allantoin is excreted in urine after uric acid (a normal component of urine formed in the liver) is converted by the uricase enzyme. (turboscholarship.com)
Allantoin exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. (ymdb.ca)

Aid Beauty's blend of smoothing niacinamide and soothing allantoin. (uniproma.com)

In fish, allantoin is broken down further (into ammonia) before excretion. (wikipedia.org)
Excretion of intravenously or subcutaneously dosed Allantoin approaches quantitative levels regardless of species. (europa.eu)
Allantoin distribution in blood and urine is discussed more fully in the context of absorption and excretion. (europa.eu)
However, distribution has been evaluated in the rumen of sheep and in the fetus of pregnant rhesus monkeys, further supporting the rapid absorption and excretion of Allantoin. (europa.eu)
Urinary Allantoin Excretion as a Marker of Microbial Crude Protein Sup" by Ryan Mass, D. J. Jordon et al. (unl.edu)
Two metabolism trials evaluated urinary allantoin excretion as a noninvasive marker of microbial crude protein flow from the rumen. (unl.edu)
In the first trial, both urinary allantoin excretion and duodenal purine flow increased as alfalfa intake increased. (unl.edu)
In the second trial, an increase in the metabolizable energy supplied to the animal did not increase urinary allantoin excretion. (unl.edu)
We concluded that urinary allantoin excretion was an effective, noninvasive marker of microbial crude protein supply. (unl.edu)

We then compared uric acid and allantoin levels in L1 medium of sod-3 ( tm760 ) , sod-5 ( tm1146 ) and N2 whose parents were grown on plates and found no significant difference. (wormbook.org)
Epicatechin had no effect on uric acid and allantoin levels. (wormbook.org)
RNAi knockdown of cyp-13A5 in liquid culture-grown mothers did not cause a change in uric acid and allantoin levels in L1 medium of the progeny. (wormbook.org)

What are the side effects of Allantoin? (medindia.net)

Chemically synthesized bulk allantoin, which is chemically equivalent to natural allantoin, is safe, non-toxic, compatible with cosmetic raw materials and meets CTFA and JSCI requirements. (wikipedia.org)
Chemically synthesized allantoin is frequently present in toothpaste, mouthwash and other oral hygiene products, in shampoos, lipsticks, anti-acne products, sun care products and clarifying lotions, various cosmetic lotions and creams and other cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. (camdengrey.com)
When 0.5% to 2.0% Allantoin is added to cosmetic and personal care products and no claims are made related to Allantoin, the product remains a cosmetic . (ingredientstodiefor.com)
Lab-created allantoin is chemically equivalent to its naturally-occurring counterpart, and has been shown to be non-toxic and safe for use in a variety of cosmetic applications (International Journal of Toxicology). (beautycarechoices.com)
Allantoin can be used in cosmetic and personal care products AS LONG AS NO CLAIM ARE MADE related to skin protection. (thebeautybrains.com)

Other Allantoin containing compounds that may be used in cosmetics and personal care products, include the Allanotin salt of vitamin C, Allantoin Ascorbate, and the Allantoin salt of vitamin B7, Allantoin Biotin. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
The increasing demand from various industries including pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and oral hygiene has been the key factor in driving the Allantoin Industry growth. (express-press-release.net)
The global Allantoin Market is anticipated to grow at a CAGR of over 6 % from 2016 to 2024 on account of the growing demands from various industries such as cosmetics, oral hygiene etc. (express-press-release.net)
The applications sector of the allantoin market includes cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and oral hygiene. (express-press-release.net)
The global market for allantoin was dominated by cosmetics sector in 2015. (express-press-release.net)
Geographically, the APAC allantoin market dominated the global market due to growing demands from industries such as pharmaceutical, oral care, cosmetics, etc. (express-press-release.net)
Lanolin may be used as a thickener in cosmetics, whereas allantoin imparts a smooth texture. (oureverydaylife.com)

For instance, Bacillus subtilis is able to utilize allantoin as its sole nitrogen source. (wikipedia.org)
Growth experiments with Escherichia coli have shown that this organism is able to use allantoin as a sole nitrogen source but not as a sole carbon source. (asm.org)
Here, it is shown that Arabidopsis plants are able to use allantoin as sole nitrogen source. (plantcell.org)

The United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lists Allantoin as a skin protectant at 0.5% to 2. (ashland.com)
Allantoin is a superior humectant, which means it draws moisture from the air to the skin. (brambleberry.com)
Allantoin is a skin protectant. (cigna.com)
Allantoin is used as a moisturizing agent to prevent or treat various skin disorders such as dry, itchy, scaly skin or the psoriasis symptoms and for specific skin irritations such as minor burns due to radiotherapy or a diaper rash. (medindia.net)
Allantoin also functions as a skin protectant . (cosmeticsinfo.org)
Allantoin was not an eye or skin irritant and it was not phototoxic. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
Allantoin, which is a component of many plants including comfrey, has been reported to provide healing, soothing, and anti-irritating properties and to help to heal wounds and skin irritations and stimulate growth of healthy tissue. (cosmeticsinfo.org)
Synthetic allantoin is available today to accelerate wound healing and is used for skin ulcer therapy when applied topically (also used in veterinary medicine). (camdengrey.com)
Allantoin enhances desquamation of dead upper layers of skin meaning that it promotes exfoliation and thus improves the smoothness of skin. (sagescript.com)
But back to allantoins role in skin care. (sagescript.com)
In our higher end products we use pure allantoin in our Springtide Antiaging Cream for its skin regeneration properties and antiaging properties and in our Oasis Spray Lotion for its anti-irritant properties. (sagescript.com)
Allantoin helps to heal wounds and skin irritations and stimulates the growth of healthy tissue. (hmdb.ca)
Allantoin can be found in anti-acne products, sun care products, and clarifying lotions because of its ability to help heal minor wounds and promote healthy skin. (hmdb.ca)
Allantoin™ is a skin protectant for use in creams, lotions, lip products, shaving creams, suntan products and baby products. (chempoint.com)
Moreover, rising scope of applications of allantoin in the pharmaceutical products, such as eye drops and skin care creams, is also expected to drive the market growth during the forecast period. (express-press-release.net)
Allantoin is used as a medicated moisturiser which prevents or treats dry, rough, scaly, skin and minor skin irritations such as skin burns , diaper rash , from radiation therapy. (lybrate.com)
Allantoin is a skin proctant. (drugster.info)
A stable form of allantoin is provided which takes the form of a combined allantoin-hydrolyzed animal protein product which may be employed in the form of a hydroalcoholic solution, such as a cologne, after-shave lotion or skin toner, containing at least about 0.5% by weight allantoin which remains in solution, without crystallizing out, over extended periods of time. (lens.org)
Allantoin produces its desirable effects by promoting healthy skin. (ingredientstodiefor.com)
Allantoin helps alleviate and prevent symptoms of irritated and dry skin, and dry / chapped lips. (ingredientstodiefor.com)
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the Tentative Monograph, 48 Federal Register 6820-33 defines Allantoin as a skin protectant. (ingredientstodiefor.com)
We are committed towards offering an assorted gamut of Allantoin that is used as a moisturizer to treat or prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin and minor skin irritations. (suyoglifesciences.com)
Allantoin fuctions as a skin protectant and conditioning agent in skincare products, making skin appear more supple and reducing the appearance of damaged skin, according to CosmeticsInfo.org. (livestrong.com)
Allantoin in Skin Care: Benefits & More! (skincarevibes.com)
In this study, researchers also hypothesized that allantoin is added to hydroquinone creams (aka skin lightening creams) as a way to protect against hydroquinone's harsh effects via moisturizing and softening skin . (skincarevibes.com)
Studies have shown that treatments containing allantoin aren't as good as more modern treatments when considering psoriasis (a condition characterized by scaly skin) ( source 1 , source 2 ). (skincarevibes.com)
According to a safety assessment put out by the International Journal of Toxicology , allantoin is "nontoxic, nonirritating, and nonallergenic" when administered to skin ( source ). (skincarevibes.com)
Allantoin: What Is It And What Are The Skin Benefits? (stylecraze.com)
So, without further ado, let's check out what exactly allantoin does to your skin. (stylecraze.com)
The allantoin developed in laboratories is just as potent as its naturally-occurring counterpart, and it can help your skin in many ways. (stylecraze.com)
Allantoin helps heal wounds, skin injuries, and scars faster. (stylecraze.com)
Allantoin keeps your skin hydrated by preventing transepidermal water loss ( 4 ). (stylecraze.com)
If you have dry and flaky skin, allantoin can help it retain more water and keep it moisturized ( 5 ). (stylecraze.com)
Allantoin works as a conditioning agent for your skin. (stylecraze.com)
If you use any skin product with allantoin and experience any of these side effects, stop using it immediately and consult a doctor. (stylecraze.com)
Want to try out allantoin on your skin? (stylecraze.com)
Check out the list of the best allantoin-based skin care products available on the market. (stylecraze.com)
skin with moisturizing shea butter, squalene, and soothing allantoin. (uniproma.com)
It's formulated with allantoin, collagen and nutrient-rich cactus extract to hydrate, repair and replenish the skin before bed. (uniproma.com)
While lanolin's texture is waxy, gummy and thick, allantoin feels slippery and moist against the skin. (oureverydaylife.com)
Given it's ability to prevent AND treat skin irritation, I'd say Allantoin is probably responsible for the Anti-Howdy Doody effect. (thebeautybrains.com)
Extracted from the comfrey plants, Allantoin stimulates skin cell regeneration to help heal and protect sensitive skin while it soothes and softens. (simple.co.uk)
Derived from comfrey root, allantoin is a natural anti-irritant with soothing and healing properties that aids in the healing of damaged skin by stimulating new tissue growth. (afterglowcosmetics.com)
Within our formulas, Allantoin is known to soothe and comfort skin. (kiehls.com)

An animal study in 2010 found that based on the results from histological analyses, a soft lotion with 5% allantoin ameliorates the wound healing process, by modulating the inflammatory response. (wikipedia.org)

Allantoin stimulates healthy, normal tissue formation even at low concentrations. (lotioncrafter.com)
Since Allantoin stimulates new and healthy tissue growth, healing epithelization may take place. (ingredientstodiefor.com)

Thus, it is of special interest to characterize the effect of allantoin on I-1R. (elsevier.com)
Thus, the effect of allantoin on I-3R is identified in the present study. (biomedcentral.com)
Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells transfected with imidazoline receptors (NISCH-CHO-K1 cells) were also applied to characterize the direct effect of allantoin on this receptor. (biomedcentral.com)
However, the effect of allantoin on I-3R for insulin secretion is still unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
The effect of allantoin on postprandial blood glucose was performed as described previously[ 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The presence of allantoin in the urine can be an indication of microbial overgrowth or it can be created via non-enzymatic means through high levels of reactive oxygen species. (hmdb.ca)
The presence of allantoin can be rationalized in two ways. (wormbook.org)

An occlusive overnight intensive patch medical device (OIP) containing onion extract and allantoin has been developed for preventing and treating dermatologic scars and keloids. (springer.com)
An occlusive overnight intensive patch medical device (OIP) containing onion extract and allantoin was recently developed to provide optimal scar healing and improved convenience for the patient. (springer.com)

In this report, we characterize and map the genes encoding tartronic semialdehyde reductase and glycerate kinase and show that they are clustered with genes involved in the anaerobic utilization of allantoin. (asm.org)
Involved in the utilization of allantoin as secondary nitrogen source when primary sources are limiting. (uniprot.org)

The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of extractum cepae (EC), heparin sodium (HS), and allantoin (AA) on postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA) prevention. (hacettepe.edu.tr)

The proposed pathway (Fig. 1 ) opens the allantoin ring, R -(−) or S -(+) stereoisomer, yielding allantoate by the action of the hydrolase RS -allantoinase. (asm.org)
The DAL80 locus has been located and is not linked to any of the structural genes of the allantoin pathway. (asm.org)
The allantoin-degradative pathway of Saccharomyces cerevisiae consists of several genes whose expression is highly induced by the presence of allophanic acid. (asm.org)

How should I take allantoin, camphor, and phenol? (drugster.info)
What should I avoid while using allantoin, camphor, and phenol? (drugster.info)
What other drugs will affect allantoin, camphor, and phenol? (drugster.info)
It is not likely that other drugs you take orally or inject will have an effect on topically applied allantoin, camphor, and phenol. (drugster.info)
Your pharmacist can provide more information about allantoin, camphor, and phenol. (drugster.info)

In bacteria, purines and their derivatives (such as allantoin) are used as secondary sources of nitrogen under nutrient-limiting conditions. (wikipedia.org)
In tropical legumes like French bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) or soybean ( Glycine max ), most of the fixed nitrogen is used for synthesis of the ureides allantoin and allantoic acid, the major long-distance transport forms of organic nitrogen in these species. (plantphysiol.org)
Nitrogen assimilation from this compound was possible only under anaerobic conditions, in which all the enzyme activities involved in allantoin metabolism were detected. (asm.org)

Allantoin will however, accumulate in times of oxidative stress and is a marker for that. (sagescript.com)
In this regard, allantoin is sometimes used as a marker of oxidative stress. (hmdb.ca)
05). The glycogen levels were lowered by 40% at the onset of EX2, yet the level of oxidative stress in EX1 and EX2 was similar as evidenced by a similar increase in muscle allantoin in both exercise bouts. (diva-portal.org)
This might indicate that progeny from plates have better ROS protection, while liquid culture progeny are more susceptible to oxidative stress and uric acid acts there as an endogenous antioxidant, resulting in its nonenzymatic oxidation to allantoin. (wormbook.org)
Overall, these experiments suggest that different levels of oxidative stress may not explain differences in the uric acid/allantoin ratio. (wormbook.org)
It turns out that urate can spontaneously oxidize to form allantoin, and some think that this is an indicator of oxidative stress (whatever that means in this context). (nilssonlab.se)

Cryo Rubber Mask with Soothing Allantoin contains soothing Allantoin to support the skin's natural healing process and protect from environmental irritants while Tiger Grass calms redness and irritation. (bitterhoney.com)

In Streptomyces coelicolor, allantoinase (EC 3.5.2.5) and allantoicase (EC 3.5.3.4) are essential for allantoin metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
We conclude that in arrested L1 larvae from plate-grown mothers conversion of uric acid to allantoin is retarded and thus uric acid accumulates, while in L1 worms from liquid culture-grown mothers purine metabolism proceeds to allantoin. (wormbook.org)
In conclusion, we found that in arrested L1 worms whose parents were grown on plates purine metabolism stops at uric acid, while in arrested L1s whose parents were grown in liquid culture it proceeds one step further and uric acid is converted to allantoin. (wormbook.org)

In this species the catabolism of allantoin, and the subsequent release of ammonium, inhibits antibiotic production (Streptomyces species synthesize about half of all known antibiotics of microbial origin). (wikipedia.org)

Our database has 0 products that contain Allantoin Acetyl Methionine. (skinsort.com)
The roots of comfrey contain allantoin and are often used to prepare ointments, creams, and lotions. (stylecraze.com)

When purines do breakdown (instead of being salvaged) they form uric acid which in most organisms is converted to allantoin by the enzyme uricase. (sagescript.com)

Due to the high similarity of the products of two of these ORFs with yeast allantoinase and yeast allantoate amidohydrolase, a systematic analysis of the gene cluster was undertaken to identify genes involved in allantoin utilization. (asm.org)
and its oxidation can proceed nonenzymatically, e.g., in the presence of ROS, with allantoin being one of the oxidation products. (wormbook.org)
Global Allantoin market has been broken down by major regions, with complete market estimates on the basis of products/applications on a regional basis. (crypto-daily.news)
This type of allantoin won't likely end up in your skincare products-it's just so much easier (and cheaper) to produce it synthetically. (skincarevibes.com)
But according to Drugbank, allantoin is commonly found in moisturizing creams & lotions, dental products (i.e. toothpastes and mouthwashes), shaving creams, sun care products, lipsticks, aerosols (i.e. hairsprays), and anti-acne products ( source ). (skincarevibes.com)
Any products that contain an active level of Allantoin could be worth a try. (thebeautybrains.com)

The study also suggests that quantitative analysis lends support to the idea that allantoin also promotes fibroblast proliferation and synthesis of the extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
From these observations we conclude that production of the allantoin-degrading enzymes is regulated by the DAL80 gene product and that induction and repression of enzyme synthesis can be cleanly separated mutationally. (asm.org)
After transport to neighboring uninfected cells, uric acid is used for allantoin synthesis in peroxisomes. (plantcell.org)

Allantoin is present in botanical extracts of the comfrey plant and in the urine of most mammals. (wikipedia.org)
When the researchers tested the effects of allantoin-a botanical extract derived from the comfrey plant-on nematode worms, they found that it mimicked the calorie-restriction process and increased the life span of the worms by 20 percent. (allure.com)
Allantoin can be isolated from cow urine or as a botanical extract of the comfrey plant. (hmdb.ca)
While allantoin is present in botanical extracts of the comfrey plant, it is generally chemically synthesized to meet worldwide demand. (lotioncrafter.com)
Allantoin is an extract from the comfrey plant, which is native to Europe and Asia. (turboscholarship.com)
Allantoin occurs naturally in the roots & leaves of the comfrey plant, but to satisfy market needs allantoin is produced synthetically but nature identical. (com.ng)
Sometimes allantoin is naturally-derived from the leaves and roots of the comfrey plant (or other such plants). (skincarevibes.com)
Known for its moisturizing, protecting and healing qualities, allantoin is found naturally in the comfrey plant, which has been used for centuries as a natural soothing and healing source. (votrevu.com)
Allantoin is a naturally occurring compound that can be derived from the comfrey plant or from mammal urine. (thebeautybrains.com)
Allantoin is a compound found in the root of the comfrey plant, a hairy perennial Eurasian herb long used in herbal medicine. (kiehls.com)

Allantoin acts as an astringent to cause the cells that it comes into contact with to shrink and dry out. (netdoctor.co.uk)

Key companies in the global allantoin market share are EMD Performance Materials, Lubon Industry, Clariant, Ashland, Rita Corp and Huanghua Suntime. (gminsights.com)

A method for increasing the stability and solubility of allantoin in hydroalcoholic solutions, which comprises combining allantoin with hydrolyzed animal protein to form the product as defined in claim 1. (lens.org)

The overall allantoin market share for pharmaceutical shall witness maximum growth more than 6% by 2023. (gminsights.com)
Allantoin also has been described as a cell proliferant, an epithelization stimulant and a chemical debrider in texts such as the United States Dispensatory, Merck Index, and British Pharmaceutical Codex. (ingredientstodiefor.com)

In fact, at one time blowfly larvae were used to treat severe wounds because of its high content of allantoin. (sagescript.com)

In enzymology, an allantoin racemase (EC 5.1.99.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction (S)(+)-allantoin ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } (R)(-)-allantoin Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, (S)(+)-allantoin, and one product, (R)(-)-allantoin. (wikipedia.org)
The systematic name of this enzyme class is allantoin racemase. (wikipedia.org)
First, uric acid may be oxidized to allantoin by some other enzyme, e.g., a cytochrome P450. (wormbook.org)

Allantoin is a major metabolic intermediate in most organisms including animals, plants and bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
In genotoxicity tests in bacteria, Allantoin was not mutagenic. (cosmeticsinfo.org)

Because Allantoin is rapidly absorbed and excreted, distribution in tissues and fluids other than blood and urine has not been extensively studied. (europa.eu)
Approximately 80% of the 14C Allantoin was recovered in the urine during the 12 hr. immediately post injection. (europa.eu)
No allantoin was recovered either in urine or feces when given to rabbits orally. (turboscholarship.com)
Allantoin administered to dogs orally as solid or solution was excreted in the urine to an extent of between 35 and 92 per cent within 24 hours. (turboscholarship.com)
Technically, allantoin can also be isolated from animal urine. (skincarevibes.com)

Isolation and characterization of mutants that produce the allantoin-degrading enzymes constitutively in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (asm.org)
A gene product needed for induction of allantoin system genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae but not for their transcriptional activation. (asm.org)

In 2015, North America, led by the U.S, allantoin market share was valued at over USD 120 million. (gminsights.com)
Comfrey , a shrub that grows in some parts of Asia, North America, and Europe is a reservoir of allantoin. (stylecraze.com)

The stable form of allantoin as defined in claim 1 wherein said allantoin and hydrolyzed animal protein are combined in the form of a complex. (lens.org)
The stable form of allantoin as defined in claim 1 wherein said hydrolyzed animal protein is present in a weight ratio to the allantoin of within the range of from about 100:1 to about 1:1. (lens.org)

Catalyzes the conversion of allantoin (5-ureidohydantoin) to allantoic acid by hydrolytic cleavage of the five-member hydantoin ring. (uniprot.org)

Allantoin is a keratolytic agent ( 5 ). (stylecraze.com)

S)-allantoin + H 2 O = allantoate. (uniprot.org)

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Early embryonic lethality in Bmp5;Bmp7 double mutant mice suggests functional redundancy within the 60A subgroup. (1/150)

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases during murine chorioallantoic placenta maturation. (2/150)

Investigation of cell culture media infected with viruses by pyrolysis mass spectrometry: implications for bioaerosol detection. (3/150)

Overlapping positive and negative GATA factor binding sites mediate inducible DAL7 gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (4/150)

Clostridium innocuum: a glucoseureide-splitting inhabitant of the human intestinal tract. (5/150)

Genetic analysis of a chromosomal region containing genes required for assimilation of allantoin nitrogen and linked glyoxylate metabolism in Escherichia coli. (6/150)

Systematic review of comparative efficacy and tolerability of calcipotriol in treating chronic plaque psoriasis. (7/150)

Ureide degradation pathways in intact soybean leaves. (8/150)

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Early embryonic lethality in Bmp5;Bmp7 double mutant mice suggests functional redundancy within the 60A subgroup. (1/150)

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases during murine chorioallantoic placenta maturation. (2/150)

Investigation of cell culture media infected with viruses by pyrolysis mass spectrometry: implications for bioaerosol detection. (3/150)

Overlapping positive and negative GATA factor binding sites mediate inducible DAL7 gene expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (4/150)

Clostridium innocuum: a glucoseureide-splitting inhabitant of the human intestinal tract. (5/150)

Genetic analysis of a chromosomal region containing genes required for assimilation of allantoin nitrogen and linked glyoxylate metabolism in Escherichia coli. (6/150)

Systematic review of comparative efficacy and tolerability of calcipotriol in treating chronic plaque psoriasis. (7/150)

Ureide degradation pathways in intact soybean leaves. (8/150)

Urinary Allantoin Excretion as a Marker of Microbial Crude Protein Sup by Ryan Mass, D. J. Jordon et al.

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