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AlkenesPalladiumAminationCyclizationCycloparaffinsStereoisomerismCatalysisAlkanesRhodiumAlkynesMolecular StructureEpoxy CompoundsPropanolsGram-Negative Aerobic BacteriaPhosphinesChemistry, OrganicHydrocarbons, CyclicOxygenasesBoronChemistry Techniques, SyntheticAlcoholsHalogenationAllyl CompoundsCycloaddition ReactionIminesBoranesHydrocarbons, AcyclicOxidative CouplingOrganometallic CompoundsKetonesXanthobacterHydrocarbonsIpomoea batatasVegetablesMallotus PlantCitrullusDaucus carotabeta CarotenePolyenesPhotochemistryAlkadienesDelawareChinaGreeceConnecticutAwards and PrizesFormularies as TopicEconomics, PharmaceuticalDrug IndustryAcademies and InstitutesSecurity MeasuresLegislation, Food
Alkenes: Unsaturated hydrocarbons of the type Cn-H2n, indicated by the suffix -ene. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p408)Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.Amination: The creation of an amine. It can be produced by the addition of an amino group to an organic compound or reduction of a nitro group.Cyclization: Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Cycloparaffins: Alicyclic hydrocarbons in which three or more of the carbon atoms in each molecule are united in a ring structure and each of the ring carbon atoms is joined to two hydrogen atoms or alkyl groups. The simplest members are cyclopropane (C3H6), cyclobutane (C4H8), cyclohexane (C6H12), and derivatives of these such as methylcyclohexane (C6H11CH3). (From Sax, et al., Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)Stereoisomerism: The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Catalysis: The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.Alkanes: The generic name for the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons Cn-H2n+2. They are denoted by the suffix -ane. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Rhodium: Rhodium. A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh. (Dorland, 28th ed)Alkynes: Hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond in the linear portion, of the general formula Cn-H2n-2.Molecular Structure: The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.Epoxy Compounds: Organic compounds that include a cyclic ether with three ring atoms in their structure. They are commonly used as precursors for POLYMERS such as EPOXY RESINS.Propanols: Isomeric forms and derivatives of PROPANOL (C3H7OH).Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria: A large group of aerobic bacteria which show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. This is because the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria are low in peptidoglycan and thus have low affinity for violet stain and high affinity for the pink dye safranine.Phosphines: Inorganic or organic compounds derived from phosphine (PH3) by the replacement of H atoms. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Chemistry, Organic: The study of the structure, preparation, properties, and reactions of carbon compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Hydrocarbons, Cyclic: Organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen forming a closed ring that may be either alicyclic or aromatic.Oxygenases: Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.Boron: A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.Chemistry Techniques, Synthetic: Methods used for the chemical synthesis of compounds. Included under this heading are laboratory methods used to synthesize a variety of chemicals and drugs.Alcohols: Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Halogenation: Covalent attachment of HALOGENS to other compounds.Allyl CompoundsCycloaddition Reaction: Synthetic organic reactions that use reactions between unsaturated molecules to form cyclical products.IminesBoranes: The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Hydrocarbons, Acyclic: Organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen where no carbon atoms join to form a ring structure.Oxidative Coupling: The reaction of two molecular entities via oxidation usually catalyzed by a transition metal compound and involving dioxygen as the oxidant.Organometallic Compounds: A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)KetonesXanthobacter: A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in wet soil containing decaying organic material and in water. Cells tend to be pleomorphic if grown on media containing succinate or coccoid if grown in the presence of an alcohol as the sole carbon source. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)HydrocarbonsIpomoea batatas: A plant species of the genus IPOMOEA, family CONVOLVULACEAE. Some cultivars are sweet and edible whereas bitter varieties are a source of SAPONINS. This sweet potato is sometimes referred to as a yam (DIOSCOREA).Vegetables: A food group comprised of EDIBLE PLANTS or their parts.Mallotus Plant: A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE. Members contain fredelin type TRITERPENES, mallorepine (a cyano-pyridone), and hydrolyzable TANNINS.Citrullus: A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE known for the edible fruit.Daucus carota: A plant species of the family APIACEAE that is widely cultivated for the edible yellow-orange root. The plant has finely divided leaves and flat clusters of small white flowers.beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.)Polyenes: Hydrocarbons with more than one double bond. They are a reduced form of POLYYNES.PhotochemistryAlkadienes: Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having two carbon-carbon double bonds.DelawareChina: A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.GreeceConnecticutAwards and PrizesFormularies as Topic: Works about lists of drugs or collections of recipes, formulas, and prescriptions for the compounding of medicinal preparations. Formularies differ from PHARMACOPOEIAS in that they are less complete, lacking full descriptions of the drugs, their formulations, analytic composition, chemical properties, etc. In hospitals, formularies list all drugs commonly stocked in the hospital pharmacy.Economics, Pharmaceutical: Economic aspects of the fields of pharmacy and pharmacology as they apply to the development and study of medical economics in rational drug therapy and the impact of pharmaceuticals on the cost of medical care. Pharmaceutical economics also includes the economic considerations of the pharmaceutical care delivery system and in drug prescribing, particularly of cost-benefit values. (From J Res Pharm Econ 1989;1(1); PharmacoEcon 1992;1(1))Drug Industry: That segment of commercial enterprise devoted to the design, development, and manufacture of chemical products for use in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, disability, or other dysfunction, or to improve function.Academies and Institutes: Organizations representing specialized fields which are accepted as authoritative; may be non-governmental, university or an independent research organization, e.g., National Academy of Sciences, Brookings Institution, etc.Security Measures: Regulations to assure protection of property and equipment.Legislation, Food: Laws and regulations concerned with industrial processing and marketing of foods.

Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitor fostriecin. (1/970)

We conducted a phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitor fostriecin. Fostriecin was administered intravenously over 60 min on days 1-5 at 4-week intervals. Dose was escalated from 2 mg m(-2) day(-1) to 20 mg m(-2) day(-1) in 20 patients. Drug pharmacokinetics was analysed with high performance liquid chromatography with UV-detection. Plasma collected during drug administration was tested in vitro for growth inhibition of a teniposide-resistant small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line. The predominant toxicities were elevated liver transaminases (maximum common toxicity criteria (CTC) grade 4) and serum creatinine (maximum CTC grade 2). These showed only a limited increase with increasing doses, often recovered during drug administration and were fully reversible. Duration of elevated alanine-amino transferase (ALT) was dose-limiting in one patient at 20 mg m(-2). Other frequent toxicities were grade 1-2 nausea/vomiting, fever and mild fatigue. Mean fostriecin plasma half-life was 0.36 h (initial; 95% CI, 0-0.76 h) and 1.51 h (terminal; 95% CI, 0.41-2.61 h). A metabolite, most probably dephosphorylated fostriecin, was detected in plasma and urine. No tumour responses were observed, but the plasma concentrations reached in the patients were insufficient to induce significant growth inhibition in vitro. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) has not been reached, because drug supply was stopped at the 20 mg m(-2) dose level. However, further escalation seems possible and is warranted to achieve potentially effective drug levels. Fostriecin has a short plasma half-life and longer duration of infusion should be considered.  (+info)

RESPONSIVE-TO-ANTAGONIST1, a Menkes/Wilson disease-related copper transporter, is required for ethylene signaling in Arabidopsis. (2/970)

Ethylene is an important regulator of plant growth. We identified an Arabidopsis mutant, responsive-to-antagonist1 (ran1), that shows ethylene phenotypes in response to treatment with trans-cyclooctene, a potent receptor antagonist. Genetic epistasis studies revealed an early requirement for RAN1 in the ethylene pathway. RAN1 was cloned and found to encode a protein with similarity to copper-transporting P-type ATPases, including the human Menkes/Wilson proteins and yeast Ccc2p. Expression of RAN1 complemented the defects of a ccc2delta mutant, demonstrating its function as a copper transporter. Transgenic CaMV 35S::RAN1 plants showed constitutive expression of ethylene responses, due to cosuppression of RAN1. These results provide an in planta demonstration that ethylene signaling requires copper and reveal that RAN1 acts by delivering copper to create functional hormone receptors.  (+info)

Oxidative stress markers in preovulatory follicular fluid in humans. (3/970)

Intensified peroxidation in the Graafian follicle may be a factor compromising the normal development of the oocyte. The aim of this study was to measure concentrations of three oxidative stress markers: conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, in preovulatory follicular fluids and sera of 145 women attending an in-vitro fertilization programme, and to correlate these concentrations with pregnancy outcome. Determinations were conducted either with or without an antioxidant (10 microM butylated hydroxytoluene) and an iron chelate (10 microM deferoxamine mesylate) to examine peroxidation associated with the methods used. Concentrations of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances in follicular fluid were all significantly lower than those in serum, both in the presence or absence of the antioxidant and iron chelate. These concentrations did not correlate with pregnancy outcome. In conclusion, the intensity of peroxidation in the Graafian follicle is much lower than that in serum. This gradient is the result of the lower rate of initiation of peroxidation in the follicular fluid, suggestive of the presence of efficient antioxidant defence systems in the direct milieu of the oocyte before ovulation. The concentrations of investigated oxidative stress markers in follicular fluid do not reflect the reproductive potential of oocytes.  (+info)

A role for coenzyme M (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid) in a bacterial pathway of aliphatic epoxide carboxylation. (4/970)

The bacterial metabolism of short-chain aliphatic alkenes occurs via oxidation to epoxyalkanes followed by carboxylation to beta-ketoacids. Epoxyalkane carboxylation requires four enzymes (components I-IV), NADPH, NAD(+), and a previously unidentified nucleophilic thiol. In the present work, coenzyme M (2-mercaptoethanesulfonic acid), a compound previously found only in the methanogenic Archaea where it serves as a methyl group carrier and activator, has been identified as the thiol and central cofactor of aliphatic epoxide carboxylation in the Gram-negative bacterium Xanthobacter strain Py2. Component I catalyzed the addition of coenzyme M to epoxypropane to form a beta-hydroxythioether, 2-(2-hydroxypropylthio)ethanesulfonate. Components III and IV catalyzed the NAD(+)-dependent stereoselective dehydrogenation of R- and S-enantiomers of 2-(2-hydroxypropylthio)ethanesulfonate to form 2-(2-ketopropylthio)ethanesulfonate. Component II catalyzed the NADPH-dependent cleavage and carboxylation of the beta-ketothioether to form acetoacetate and coenzyme M. These findings evince a newfound versatility for coenzyme M as a carrier and activator of alkyl groups longer in chain-length than methane, a function for coenzyme M in a catabolic pathway of hydrocarbon oxidation, and the presence of coenzyme M in the bacterial domain of the phylogenetic tree. These results serve to unify bacterial and Archaeal metabolism further and showcase diverse biological functions for an elegantly simple organic molecule.  (+info)

Importance of the beta12-beta13 loop in protein phosphatase-1 catalytic subunit for inhibition by toxins and mammalian protein inhibitors. (5/970)

Type-1 protein serine/threonine phosphatases (PP1) are uniquely inhibited by the mammalian proteins, inhibitor-1 (I-1), inhibitor-2 (I-2), and nuclear inhibitor of PP1 (NIPP-1). In addition, several natural compounds inhibit both PP1 and the type-2 phosphatase, PP2A. Deletion of C-terminal sequences that included the beta12-beta13 loop attenuated the inhibition of the resulting PP1alpha catalytic core by I-1, I-2, NIPP-1, and several toxins, including tautomycin, microcystin-LR, calyculin A, and okadaic acid. Substitution of C-terminal sequences from the PP2A catalytic subunit produced a chimeric enzyme, CRHM2, that was inhibited by toxins with dose-response characteristics of PP1 and not PP2A. However, CRHM2 was insensitive to the PP1-specific inhibitors, I-1, I-2, and NIPP-1. The anticancer compound, fostriecin, differed from other phosphatase inhibitors in that it inhibited wild-type PP1alpha, the PP1alpha catalytic core, and CRHM2 with identical IC(50). Binding of wild-type and mutant phosphatases to immobilized microcystin-LR, NIPP-1, and I-2 established that the beta12-beta13 loop was essential for the association of PP1 with toxins and the protein inhibitors. These studies point to the importance of the beta12-beta13 loop structure and conformation for the control of PP1 functions by toxins and endogenous proteins.  (+info)

Degradation of trichloroethene by a linear-plasmid-encoded alkene monooxygenase in Rhodococcus corallinus (Nocardia corallina) B-276. (6/970)

Rhodococcus corallinus (formerly Nocardia corallina) B-276, isolated with propene as sole carbon and energy source, is able to oxidize trichloroethene (TCE). Glucose- or propene-grown R. corallinus B-276 cells exhibited no difference in TCE degradation efficiency. TCE degradation was found to be growth-phase-dependent and maximum rates were monitored with stationary-phase cells. K(m) and Vmax values for TCE degradation of R. corallinus B-276 grown in nutrient broth medium in the presence of glucose were 187 microM and 2.4 nmol min-1 (mg protein)-1, respectively. Escherichia coli recombinants harbouring and expressing the alkene monooxygenase genes of R. corallinus B-276 exhibited the ability to degrade TCE. This result provides clear evidence that the alkene monooxygenase of R. corallinus B-276 catalyses TCE oxidation. R. corallinus B-276 was shown to contain four linear plasmids, pNC10 (70 kb), pNC20 (85 kb), pNC30 (185 kb) and pNC40 (235 kb). The observation that pNC30-deficient strains had lost the ability to grow on propene suggested that the genes of the propene degradation pathway are encoded by the linear plasmid pNC30. Southern blot analysis with cloned alkene monooxygenase genes from R. corallinus B-276 revealed a positive hybridization signal with the linear plasmid pNC30. This result clearly shows that the alkene monooxygenase is encoded by the linear plasmid pNC30. Eleven short-chain-alkene-oxidizing strains were screened for the presence of linear plasmids. Among these, four propene-oxidizing Rhodococcus strains and one ethene-oxidizing Mycobacterium strain were found to contain linear megaplasmids. Southern blot analysis with the alkene monooxygenase revealed positive signals with linear plasmids of two propene-oxidizing Rhodococcus ruber strains. These results indicate that homologous alkene monooxygenases are encoded by linear plasmids in R. ruber strains.  (+info)

Characterization of the gene cluster involved in isoprene metabolism in Rhodococcus sp. strain AD45. (7/970)

The genes involved in isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) utilization in Rhodococcus sp. strain AD45 were cloned and characterized. Sequence analysis of an 8.5-kb DNA fragment showed the presence of 10 genes of which 2 encoded enzymes which were previously found to be involved in isoprene degradation: a glutathione S-transferase with activity towards 1,2-epoxy-2-methyl-3-butene (isoI) and a 1-hydroxy-2-glutathionyl-2-methyl-3-butene dehydrogenase (isoH). Furthermore, a gene encoding a second glutathione S-transferase was identified (isoJ). The isoJ gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and was found to have activity with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and 3,4-dichloro-1-nitrobenzene but not with 1, 2-epoxy-2-methyl-3-butene. Downstream of isoJ, six genes (isoABCDEF) were found; these genes encoded a putative alkene monooxygenase that showed high similarity to components of the alkene monooxygenase from Xanthobacter sp. strain Py2 and other multicomponent monooxygenases. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded by an additional gene (isoG) showed significant similarity with that of alpha-methylacyl-coenzyme A racemase. The results are in agreement with a catabolic route for isoprene involving epoxidation by a monooxygenase, conjugation to glutathione, and oxidation of the hydroxyl group to a carboxylate. Metabolism may proceed by fatty acid oxidation after removal of glutathione by a still-unknown mechanism.  (+info)

Porcine kidney microsomal cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase-catalyzed N-acetylation of haloalkene-derived cysteine S-conjugates. (8/970)

N-Acetylation of xenobiotic-derived cysteine S-conjugates is a key step in the mercapturic acid pathway. The aim of this study was to investigate the N-acetylation of haloalkene-derived S-haloalkyl and S-haloalkenyl cysteine S-conjugates by porcine kidney cysteine S-conjugate N-acetyltransferase (NAcT). A radioactive assay for the quantification of NAcT activity was developed as a new method for partial purification of the enzyme, which was necessitated by the substantial loss of activity during the immunoaffinity chromatography method. 3-[(3-Cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propane-sulfonate, rather than N,N-bis[3-gluconamidopropyl]deoxycholamide, was used to solubilize the NAcT from porcine kidney microsomes in the revised procedure. The partially purified NAcT was free of detectable aminoacylase activity. Although low acetyl-coenzyme A hydrolase activity was observed, its effect on the assay was minimized by addition of excess acetyl-coenzyme A in the NAcT assay mixture. Attempts to separate the residual hydrolase activity from NAcT by different chromatographic procedures were either unsuccessful or lead to inactivation of NAcT. Most of the cysteine S-conjugates studied were N-acetylated by NAcT. Although the apparent K(m) values for the cysteine S-conjugates studied differed by a factor of approximately 2.5 (124-302 microM), a greater than 15-fold difference in the apparent V(max) (0.75-15.6 nmol/h) and V(max)/K(m) (0.008-0.126 x 10(-3) l h(-1)) values was observed. These data show that a range of haloalkene-derived cysteine S-conjugates serve as substrates for pig kidney NAcT. The significant differences in cytotoxicity of these conjugates may be a result of more variable deacetylation rates of the corresponding mercapturates.  (+info)

Controlling olefin metathesis through catalyst and monomer design - CaltechTHESISControlling olefin metathesis through catalyst and monomer design - CaltechTHESIS
The olefin metathesis reaction has become a widely used method for the construction of new carbon-carbon double bonds. The development of well-defined, ruthenium-based catalysts with high air- and moisture-stability and functional group tolerance has allowed synthetic chemists to exploit this reaction in many areas. The main goal of this thesis was to better understand the impact of changes in catalyst and monomer structure on the olefin metathesis reaction. The introduction of chelating alkylidene ligands to olefin metathesis catalysts has resulted in systems with high activity and stability that, for the most part, are active at or below room temperature. However, for some applications, catalysts that react only at higher temperatures are desirable. Chapter 2 describes the synthesis of latent olefin metathesis catalysts with chelating alkylidenes with a range of donor ligands: including phosphines, pyridines, imines, amines, and thioethers. The nature of the donor ligand was found to have a ...
IBS Publications Repository: NiH-Catalyzed Proximal-Selective Hydroamination of Unactivated AlkenesIBS Publications Repository: NiH-Catalyzed Proximal-Selective Hydroamination of Unactivated Alkenes
2020 American Chemical Society. Reported herein is a modular, NiH-catalyzed system capable of proximal-selective hydroamination of unactivated alkenes with diverse amine sources. The key to the successful implementation of this approach is the promotion of NiH insertion into even highly substituted olefins via coordination of the bidentate directing group to the nickel complex. A wide range of primary and secondary amines can be installed in both internal and terminal unactivated alkenes with excellent regiocontrol under the optimized reaction conditions. This protocol is flexible and general for the preparation of a variety of valuable β- and γ-amino acid building blocks that would otherwise be difficult to synthesize. The utility of this transformation was further demonstrated by the site-selective late-stage modification of complex and medicinally relevant molecules. Combined experimental and computational studies illuminate the detailed reaction ...
Mechanistic Model for Enantioselective Intramolecular Alkene Cyanoamidation via Palladium-Catalyzed C-CN Bond Activation<...Mechanistic Model for Enantioselective Intramolecular Alkene Cyanoamidation via Palladium-Catalyzed C-CN Bond Activation<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Mechanistic Model for Enantioselective Intramolecular Alkene Cyanoamidation via Palladium-Catalyzed C-CN Bond Activation. AU - Frost, Grant B.. AU - Serratore, Nicholas A.. AU - Ogilvie, Jodi M.. AU - Douglas, Christopher J.. N1 - Funding Information: We thank National Institutes of Health for funding this work (R01 GM095559). We thank Prof. Steve Kass (UMN) for constructive feedback.. PY - 2017/4/7. Y1 - 2017/4/7. N2 - We studied key aspects of the mechanism of Pd-catalyzed C-CN bond activation and intramolecular enantioselective alkene cyanoamidation. An Abboud-Abraham-Kamlet-Taft (AAKT) linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) model for enantioselectivity was established. We investigated the impact of Lewis acid (BPh3), Lewis base (DMPU), and no additives. BPh3 additive led to diminished enantioselectivity and differing results in 13CN crossover experiments, initial rate kinetics, and natural abundance 12C/13C kinetic isotope effect measurements. We propose two catalytic ...
Ni-catalyzed 1,2-benzylboration of 1,2-disubstituted unactivated alkenes - Chemical Science (RSC Publishing)Ni-catalyzed 1,2-benzylboration of 1,2-disubstituted unactivated alkenes - Chemical Science (RSC Publishing)
Nickel-catalyzed 1,2-carboboration of alkenes is emerging as a useful method for chemical synthesis. Prior studies have been limited to only the incorporation of aryl groups. In this manuscript, a method for the 1,2-benzylboration of unactivated alkenes is presented. The reaction combines readily available alkenes,
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Tandem Cross-Metathesis/Wittig Olefination: Generation of Conjugated Dienoic Esters from Terminal OlefinsRuthenium-Catalyzed Tandem Cross-Metathesis/Wittig Olefination: Generation of Conjugated Dienoic Esters from Terminal Olefins
see article for more reactions. Abstract. In the presence of ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts and triphenylphosphine, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes can be olefinated with diazoacetates. A tandem transformation of terminal olefins to 1,3-dienoic olefins in a single operation based on olefin cross-metathesis and Wittig olefination has been developed.. ...
Alkenes . . form a homologous series with - English Speeches for Students ExamplesAlkenes . . form a homologous series with - English Speeches for Students Examples
We can use the alkenes as fuel in aerospace, industry and so on, which not does only protect the natural environment, but it is also economic. In biological and curatorial fields, they can make much more contribution. Therefore people is trying to make alkenes in different ways, and trying their best to find the easiest and the most economic methods. 1 Making the alkene There are so many ways can make an alkene, usually we make the alkenes by elimination reactions. ,1,. i?? elimination reaction: Ethylene and propene are prepared on an industrial scale by the high temperature dehydrogenation of ethane and propane.. Both reactions involve i?? elimination of H2. Many reactions classified as dehydrogenations occur within the cells of living systems at 25 ?. (The enzyme indicated is a special kind, known as flavoprotein in reaction) Dehydrogenation of alkanes is not a practical laboratory synthesis for the vast majority of alkenes. The principal methods by which alkenes are prepared in the laboratory ...
Synthesis of Secondary and Tertiary Alkylboranes via Formal Hydroboration of Terminal and 1,1-Disubstituted AlkenesSynthesis of Secondary and Tertiary Alkylboranes via Formal Hydroboration of Terminal and 1,1-Disubstituted Alkenes
see article for more reactions. Abstract. Cu-catalyzed formal hydroboration of terminal or 1,1-disubstituted alkenes with bis(pinacolato)diboron and methanol provides products with exceptional regiocontrol favoring the branched isomer. Subsequent photocatalytic cross-couplings using iridium and nickel cocatalysis enable a highly regioselective hydroarylation of terminal alkenes.. ...
Iridium-Catalyzed Distal Hydroboration of Aliphatic Internal Alkenes | MetaIridium-Catalyzed Distal Hydroboration of Aliphatic Internal Alkenes | Meta
The regioselective hydroboration of aliphatic internal alkenes remains a great challenge. Reported herein is an iridium-catalyzed hydroboration of aliphatic internal alkenes, providing distal-borylated products in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity (up to 99:1). We also demonstrate that the C-B bond of the distal-borylated product can be readily converted into other functional groups. DFT calculations indicate that the reaction proceeds through an unexpected IrIII /IrV cycle. ...
Leicester Research Archive: Towards polymer-supported schrock-type initiators for olefin metathesisLeicester Research Archive: Towards polymer-supported schrock-type initiators for olefin metathesis
This thesis describes the synthesis of supported Schrock-type initiators immobilised via polymer-bound alcohol and their activity in olefin metathesis, together with a parallel study of the synthesis and reactivity of their model homogeneous counterparts.;Chapter 1 presents an overview of the inorganic and organic supports used in order to achieve the heterogeneisation of a range of different homogenous catalysts. A review of the nature of various organic supports and examples of supported metalligand complexes are given. The terms olefin metathesis, and their corresponding metathesis reactions such as ROMP, RCM, ADMET, ROM, and cross metathesis are defined. A review of previously reported classical multi-component initiator systems, well-defined single component initiators, together with well-defined supported initiators for use in olefin metathesis reactions is given.;Chapter 2 describes the synthesis of diol ligands such as TADDOL and those based upon a pentanediol skeleton together with that ...
addition of hcl to alkeneaddition of hcl to alkene
All alkenes undergo addition reactions with the hydrogen halides. For example, with ethene and hydrogen chloride, you get chloroethane: With but-2-ene you get 2-chlorobutane: Addition of HCl to Alkenes to Give Alkyl Chlorides by JAMES Description: Treatment of alkenes with hydrochloric acid (HCl) will result in the formation of alkyl chlorides. Addition to symmetrical alkenes. However, in … A hydrogen atom joins to one of the carbon atoms originally in the double bond, and a halogen atom to the other. Hydrogen halide addition to alkenes is a highly regioselective reactionbecause addition of the hydrogen halide across the double bond gives only one of the two possible con- stitutionally isomeric addition … For example, with ethene and hydrogen chloride, you get chloroethane: With but-2-ene you get 2-chlorobutane: Electrophilic addition of HCl to alkenes The carbenium ion, which is formed by protonation of an alkene by HCl, is subsequently attacked by the chloride anion resulting in a ...
Olefin cross-metathesis, a mild, modular approach to functionalized cellulose estersOlefin cross-metathesis, a mild, modular approach to functionalized cellulose esters
Olefin cross-metathesis has been demonstrated to be a modular pathway for synthesis of a series of functionalized cellulose esters. As a proof of concept, cellulose acetate was acylated with two terminally olefinic acid chlorides, pent-4-enoyl chloride and undec-10-enoyl chloride, providing olefin-terminated cellulose esters with different side-chain lengths. These ω-unsaturated cellulose esters were then reacted with a variety of cross-metathesis partners, including acrylic acid, methyl acrylate, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate, poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate, and allyl alcohols, using Hoveyda-Grubbs 2nd generation catalyst. Complete conversion to cross-metathesis products was achieved in reactions with acrylic acid or acrylates using 3-5 mol% catalyst at 40 °C within 1 h. We further demonstrate successful hydrogenation of these α,β-unsaturated esters and acids, thereby eliminating the potential for radical-induced crosslinking during storage ...
Synthesis of selected cage alkenes and their attempted ring-opening metathesis polymerisation with well-defined ruthenium...Synthesis of selected cage alkenes and their attempted ring-opening metathesis polymerisation with well-defined ruthenium...
In this study a number of cage alkenes were synthesised and tested for activity towards ringopening metathesis polymerisation (ROMP) with the commercially available catalysts 55 (Grubbs-I) and 56 (Grubbs-II). The first group of monomers are derivatives of tetracyclo[6.3.0.04,1105,9]undec-2-en-6-one (1). The synthesis of these cage alkenes are summarised in Scheme 7.1. The cage alkene 126b was synthesised by a Diels-Alder reaction between 1 and hexachlorocyclopentadiene (9, Scheme 7.2). The geometry of 126b was determined from XRD data. Knowledge of the geometry of 126b also established the geometry of 127 since conformational changes during the conversion from 126b to 127 are unlikely. Synthesis of the cage alkene 125 by the cycloaddition of 9 to 118 failed. The cage alkene exo-11-hydroxy-4,5,6,7,16,16-hexachlorohexacyclo[7.6.1.03,8.02,13.010,14]hexa-dec-5-ene (124, Scheme 7.3) could therefore not be prepared. Synthesis of 125 by reduction of 126b with various reduction systems was not ...
Transformations of terpenes and terpenoids via carbon-carbon double bond metathesis - Université de Rennes 1Transformations of terpenes and terpenoids via carbon-carbon double bond metathesis - Université de Rennes 1
Stimulated by the strong interest in replacing fossil raw materials by renewable feedstocks in chemical industry, alkene metathesis of unsaturated bio-sourced olefins has been recently investigated with the objective of producing high-value molecules using green and atom economic strategies. It is due time to review what has been achieved in this field using terpenes and terpenoids as olefin metathesis partners. These substrates, derived from the isoprene structure, present different types of carbon-carbon double bonds that can be involved in self metathesis, ring closing metathesis, cross metathesis including ethenolysis, and ring opening metathesis. The successful achievements and remaining bottlenecks in this field will be discussed.
Encapsulation of an Olefin Metathesis Catalyst in the Nanocages of SBA-1: Facile Preparation, High Encapsulation Efficiency,...Encapsulation of an Olefin Metathesis Catalyst in the Nanocages of SBA-1: Facile Preparation, High Encapsulation Efficiency,...
By postreducing the window size through silylation, 2nd generation Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst was encapsulated in the nanocages of a mesoporous material SBA-1. The encapsulation efficiency of SBA-1 was up to 70 %, much higher than that of other mesoporous materials such as SBA-16, FDU-12, and MCM-41 (0-43 %). The successful encapsulation was confirmed by N2 sorption analysis and FTIR and diffusion reflectance UV/Vis spectroscopy. Such a SBA-1-encapsulated catalyst showed good activity in both olefin ring-closing metathesis and cross metathesis. A wide range of olefins could be transformed to the desired products with conversions of 27-100 %. The encapsulated catalyst showed more sensitive temperature effects than the homogeneous counterpart, reflecting the unique properties of the encapsulated catalyst. At reaction temperatures of 40-60 °C, the activity of the encapsulated catalyst was sufficiently comparable to that of the homogeneous catalyst for the cross metathesis of styrene-type substrates, ...
中国科学院上海有机化学研究所机构知识库(SIOC OpenIR): Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Cyclopropanation of 1,2-Disubstituted Alkenes中国科学院上海有机化学研究所机构知识库(SIOC OpenIR): Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Cyclopropanation of 1,2-Disubstituted Alkenes
Li J,Liao SH,Xiong H,et al. Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Cyclopropanation of 1,2-Disubstituted Alkenes[J]. Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit.,2012,51(35):8838-8841 ...
TKS Publisher | Olefin metathesis: a versatile synthetic tool for use in preparation of Active Pharmaceutical IngredientsTKS Publisher | Olefin metathesis: a versatile synthetic tool for use in preparation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Olefin metathesis is a powerful transformation based on catalytic reaction between alkenes. It allows a formation of a variety of structurally diverse molecules that cannot be easily prepared by alternative routes. Recently developed methods require relatively low catalyst loading and enable easy removal of residual ruthenium from the reaction product. These developments have attracted the attention of process chemists who add metathesis reaction to a toolbox of reliable methods for production of pharmaceuticals. This review presents selected examples of successful application of olefin metathesis in the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients from laboratories within the pharmaceutical industry.. ...
Catalyst composition for polymerizing alpha-olefins - Patent # 4732882 - PatentGeniusCatalyst composition for polymerizing alpha-olefins - Patent # 4732882 - PatentGenius
A catalyst composition for polymerizing alpha-olefins is prepared by reacting a transition metal compound, e.g., titanium, with trimethylaluminum catalyst activator. In a preferred embodiment, the catalyst is supported on a porous refractory support and is prepared by additionally reacting a magnesium compound or an organomagnesium composition with the support.Also disclosed is a process for polymerizing alpha-olefins in the presence of the catalyst of the invention. The polymer products have higher bulk density and produce films of greater strength than polymers prepared with similar catalysts utilizing different alkyl-aluminum activators, e.g., triethylaluminum and tri-isobutylaluminum.
Ir(III)-catalyzed C7-position-selective oxidative C -H alkenylation of indolines with alkenes in air<...Ir(III)-catalyzed C7-position-selective oxidative C -H alkenylation of indolines with alkenes in air<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Ir(III)-catalyzed C7-position-selective oxidative C -H alkenylation of indolines with alkenes in air. AU - Pan, Shiguang. AU - Wakaki, Takayuki. AU - Ryu, Naoto. AU - Shibata, Takanori. PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - An efficient method for C7-position-selective alkenylation of N-substituted indolines with alkenes is reported. Various 7-alkenylindolines were obtained in moderate to excellent yields in air in the presence of catalytic amounts of [CpIrCl2]2, AgOTf, and Cu(OAc)2. The protocol relies on the use of a carbonyl or carbamoyl group on the nitrogen atom of indoline as a directing group and is potentially applicable to the synthesis of 7-alkenylindoles and 7-alkylindoles. Lettin the cat outta the bag: An efficient IrIII-catalyzed oxidative coupling of N-substituted indolines with various alkenes at the C7-position in air assisted by a carbonyl or carbamoyl group as a directing group is reported. The catalyst was prepared from [CpIrCl2]2 and AgOTf. A variety of ...
Monosubstituted alkene | Article about monosubstituted alkene by The Free DictionaryMonosubstituted alkene | Article about monosubstituted alkene by The Free Dictionary
Looking for monosubstituted alkene? Find out information about monosubstituted alkene. An alkene with the general formula RHC=CH2, where R is any organic group; only one carbon atom is bonded directly to one of the carbons of the... Explanation of monosubstituted alkene
What are the products of this alkene addition reaction? | StudySoupWhat are the products of this alkene addition reaction? | StudySoup
What are the products of this alkene addition reaction? Solution 70P:Here, we are going to find out the products formed from the alkene addition reaction.Step 1: The molecules add across the double bond of alkene when addition reaction takes place. The addition of chlorine gas to the alkene molecule forms
Alkenes - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications | IntechOpenAlkenes - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications | IntechOpen
|p| Direct and indirect roles of alkenes cannot be ignored, and this book will aim to include new findings in the alkenes (olefins) area, focusing on the industrial aspects of alkenes (olefins) production, separation, purification, kinetic, mechanism, wastewater treatment, etc. New simulation, modeling and mathematical (analytical, numerical and statistical) techniques are encouraged. Economical criteria in the production process, the downstream industries, and the industrial plans design for alkenes production/purification are also of interest. Therefore, all new research in this area (without any limitation) is welcome.|/p|
Ni-catalyzed conjuctive cross-coupling with unactivated alkenes - Molecular Complexity through CatalysisNi-catalyzed conjuctive cross-coupling with unactivated alkenes - Molecular Complexity through Catalysis
Today marks the Engle labs first foray into nickel catalysis. Congratulations to Joe, Van, and Mark for their paper in J. Am. Chem. Soc., which describes a new method to couple alkylzinc reagents, aryl iodides, and non-conjugated alkenes using a coordination control strategy. The work couldnt have happened with our collaborator Jason Chen, the Director…
Can you consider a benzene ring to also be an alkene? | Physics Forums - The Fusion of Science and CommunityCan you consider a benzene ring to also be an alkene? | Physics Forums - The Fusion of Science and Community
I would not consider benzene to be an alkene because its chemical reactivity differs significantly from the reactivity of alkenes. For example, a classic chemical reaction involving alkenes is an addition reaction with elemental bromine. Benzene will not undergo this reaction and many other reactions characteristic of alkenes (e.g. catalytic hydrogenation, epoxidation, etc ...
alkene functional groupalkene functional group
This double bond is referred to, in the functional group terminology, as an alkene. You can locate carbonyl groups, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatics in the IR (infrared) spectrum, based on their shapes and relative locations. Hydrocarbons (compounds composed only of carbon and hydrogen) that contain only carbon-carbon single bonds are called alkanes. A C2H5 group is named as ethyl and a C3H7 group is called a propyl group. They are named using a prefix that designates the number of carbon atoms in the molecule and the suffix -ane (see below). You are doing the same thing when ypu have an alkyne. Chemistry Chemical Laws Basics Molecules Periodic Table Projects & Experiments Scientific Method Biochemistry Physical Chemistry You are numbering the C atoms starting with those that have priority functional groups as substituent. Ben Mills Science. In this case, the word methyl- would be put in front of the name of the parent alkene. The alcohol functional group takes precedence over the alkene ...
Adducts of Phenoxathiin and Thianthrene Cation Radicals with Alkenes and Cycloalkenes<...Adducts of Phenoxathiin and Thianthrene Cation Radicals with Alkenes and Cycloalkenes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Adducts of Phenoxathiin and Thianthrene Cation Radicals with Alkenes and Cycloalkenes. AU - Shine, Henry J.. AU - Zhao, Bingjun. AU - Qian, Ding Quan. AU - Marx, John N.. AU - Guzman-Jimenez, Ilse Y.. AU - Thurston, John H.. AU - Ould-Ely, T.. AU - Whitmire, Kenton H.. PY - 2003/11/14. Y1 - 2003/11/14. N2 - Phenoxathiin cation radical perchlorate (PO.+ClO 4-) added stereospecifically to cyclopentene, cyclohexene, cycloheptene, and 1,5-cyclooctadiene to give 1,2-bis(5-phenoxathiiniumyl)cycloalkane diperchlorates (4-7) in good yield. The diaxial configuration of the PO+ groups was confirmed with X-ray crystallography. Unlike additions of thianthrene cation radical perchlorate (Th.+ClO4-) to these cycloalkenes, no evidence for formation of monoadducts was found in the reactions of PO .+ClO4-. This difference is discussed. Addition of Th.+ClO4- to five trans alkenes (2-butene, 2-pentene, 4-methyl-2-pentene, 3-octene, 5-decene) and four cis alkenes (2-pentene, 2-hexene, 2-heptene, ...
Concise Synthesis and Biological Assessment of (+)-Neopeltolide and a 16-Member Stereoisomer Library of 8,9-Dehydroneopeltolide...Concise Synthesis and Biological Assessment of (+)-Neopeltolide and a 16-Member Stereoisomer Library of 8,9-Dehydroneopeltolide...
We describe herein a concise synthesis of (+)-neopeltolide, a marine macrolide natural product that elicits a highly potent antiproliferative activity against several human cancer cell lines. Our synthesis exploited the powerful bond-forming ability and high functional group compatibility of olefin metathesis and esterification reactions to minimize manipulations of oxygen functionalities and to maximize synthetic convergency. Our findings include a chemoselective olefin cross-metathesis reaction directed by H-bonding, and a ring-closing metathesis conducted under non-high dilution conditions. Moreover, we developed a 16-member stereoisomer library of 8,9-dehydroneopeltolide to systematically explore the stereostructure-activity relationships. Assessment of the antiproliferative activity of the stereoisomers against A549 human lung adenocarcinoma, MCF-7 human breast adenocarcinoma, HT-1080 human fibrosarcoma, and P388 murine leukemia cell lines has revealed marked differences in potency between ...
Alpha Olefins Market by Type (1-Butene, 1-Hexene, 1-Octene, 1-Decene, 1-Dodecene), Application (Polyolefin Co-monomers,...Alpha Olefins Market by Type (1-Butene, 1-Hexene, 1-Octene, 1-Decene, 1-Dodecene), Application (Polyolefin Co-monomers,...
[194 Pages Report] Check for Discount on Alpha Olefins Market by Type (1-Butene, 1-Hexene, 1-Octene, 1-Decene, 1-Dodecene), Application (Polyolefin Co-monomers, Surfactants and Intermediates, Lubricants, Fine Chemicals, Plasticizers, Oil Field Chemicals), and Region - Global Forecast to 2022 report by MarketsandMarkets. Alpha olefins market projected to reach USD 13.46billion by...
Organocatalyzed Transient Dienamine-Mediated Diels-Alder Reactions between α,β-Unsaturated Ketones and Alkenes |...Organocatalyzed Transient Dienamine-Mediated Diels-Alder Reactions between α,β-Unsaturated Ketones and Alkenes |...
Title:Organocatalyzed Transient Dienamine-Mediated Diels-Alder Reactions between α,β-Unsaturated Ketones and Alkenes. VOLUME: 15 ISSUE: 5. Author(s):Iosune Arrastia, Ana Arrieta and Fernando P. Cossio*. Affiliation:Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastian/Donostia, Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastian/Donostia, Donostia International Physics Center, San Sebastian/Donostia. Keywords:Organocatalysis, diels-Alder reactions, cycloadditions, michael additions, pericyclic reactions, stepwise mechanisms.. Abstract:Organocatalyzed (4+2) cycloadditions (Diels-Alder reactions) are reviewed in this manuscript. Among the different catalytic alternatives, reactions involving α,β-unsaturated ketones and alkenes are considered. In these processes, substituted cyclohexanones are obtained via HOMO activation generated by amine organocatalysis that generate transient dienamine species. Both concerted and stepwise mechanisms are described. In most cases, excellent regio-, ...
Copper(II)-Catalyzed and Promoted Alkene and Allene Difuntionalization: Carboamination, Aminooxygenation, and DioxygenationCopper(II)-Catalyzed and Promoted Alkene and Allene Difuntionalization: Carboamination, Aminooxygenation, and Dioxygenation
Functionalized nitrogen and oxygen heterocycles are an abundant class of compounds found throughout nature and the chemical industry. Their frequent use in biologically active molecules and as ligands for the metals involved in asymmetric catalysis has made these compounds attractive synthetic targets. The research that follows describes my contributions to alkene and allene difunctionalization catalyzed by copper(II) in the preparation of functionalized pyrrolidines and tetrahydrofurans. In chapter 1 a brief review of the current carboaminaiton literature is given before a new copper(II)-catalyzed carboamination reaction that gives 6-Azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes is discussed. These bridged bicyclic products are formed in a single step from N-sulfonyl-2-aryl-4-pentenamines. Over a range of sulfonyl protecting groups and aryl substituents, the resulting heterocycles were generally formed in good yields with good to excellent enantiomeric excess (ee). Both substrate desymmeterization and reaction ...
Au-catalyzed epoxidation of linear alkene with molecular oxygen<...Au-catalyzed epoxidation of linear alkene with molecular oxygen<...
TY - GEN. T1 - Au-catalyzed epoxidation of linear alkene with molecular oxygen. AU - Jiang, Jian. AU - Oxford, Sean M.. AU - Fu, Baosong. AU - Kung, Mayfair C.. AU - Kung, Harold H. PY - 2010. Y1 - 2010. N2 - Selective oxidation of alkenes that possess allylic hydrogen typically requires the use of expensive and/or environmentally unfriendly oxidants such as peroxides, hydroperoxides, nitrous oxide, oxychlorides, and oxometal complexes. A much more desirable oxidant is molecular oxygen, which, however, only achieves good yield with alkenes without allylic hydrogen or by use with H2, which is potentially explosive. Highly selective epoxidation of propene and butene can be achieved using molecular oxygen in a dilute solution of water in methanol, catalyzed by a suspension of supported Au catalyst and titanium silicalite (TS-1), and using CO as the sacrificial reductant. Results of isotope labeling experiments further infer that the dominant reaction pathway proceeds via the formation of methyl ...
Items where Person is Anderson-D-R - CaltechAUTHORSItems where Person is "Anderson-D-R" - CaltechAUTHORS
Anderson, Donde R. and OLeary, Daniel J. and Grubbs, Robert H. (2008) Ruthenium-Olefin Complexes: Effect of Ligand Variation upon Geometry. Chemistry: a European Journal, 14 (25). pp. 7536-7544. ISSN 0947-6539. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:ANDcaej08 Anderson, D. R. and Kane, S. R. (2008) WASP-5b: a dense, very hot Jupiter transiting a 12th-mag Southern-hemisphere star. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 387 (1). L4-L7. ISSN 0035-8711. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150304-112857372 Anderson, Donde R. and Ung, Thay and Mkrtumyan, Garik et al. (2008) Kinetic Selectivity of Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Bearing Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Carbenes. Organometallics, 27 (4). pp. 563-566. ISSN 0276-7333. PMCID PMC2440574. https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20150311-104435790 Anderson, Donde R. and Lavallo, Vincent and OLeary, Daniel J. et al. (2007) Synthesis and reactivity of olefin metathesis catalysts bearing cyclic (alkyl) (amino) carbenes. ...
DSpace at KOASAS: Visible light induced alkene aminopyridylation using N-aminopyridinium salts as bifunctional reagentsDSpace at KOASAS: Visible light induced alkene aminopyridylation using N-aminopyridinium salts as bifunctional reagents
The development of intermolecular alkene aminopyridylation has great potential for quickly increasing molecular complexity with two valuable groups. Here we report a strategy for the photocatalytic aminopyridylation of alkenes using a variety of N-aminopyridinium salts as both aminating and pyridylating reagents. Using Eosin Y as a photocatalyst, amino and pyridyl groups are simultaneously incorporated into alkenes, affording synthetically useful aminoethyl pyridine derivatives under mild reaction conditions. Remarkably, the C4-regioselectivity in radical trapping with N-aminopyridinium salt can be controlled by electrostatic interaction between the pyridinium nitrogen and sulfonyl group of β-amino radical. This transformation is characterized by a broad substrate scope, good functional group compatibility, and the utility of this transformation was further demonstrated by late-stage functionalization of complex biorelevant molecules. Combining experiments and DFT calculations on the mechanism ...
Structure and biochemical properties of the alkene producing cytochrome p450 OleT<sub>JE</sub> (CYP152l1) from the...Structure and biochemical properties of the alkene producing cytochrome p450 OleT<sub>JE</sub> (CYP152l1) from the...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Structure and biochemical properties of the alkene producing cytochrome p450 OleTJE (CYP152l1) from the jeotgalicoccus sp. 8456 bacterium. AU - Belcher, James. AU - McLean, Kirsty J.. AU - Matthews, Sarah. AU - Woodward, Laura S.. AU - Fisher, Karl. AU - Rigby, Stephen E.J.. AU - Nelson, David. AU - Potts, Donna. AU - Baynham, Michael T.. AU - Parker, David A.. AU - Leys, David. AU - Munro, Andrew W.. PY - 2014/3/7. Y1 - 2014/3/7. N2 - Background: OleTJE oxidatively decarboxylates fatty acids to produce terminal alkenes. Results: OleTJE is an efficient peroxide-dependent lipid decarboxylase, with high affinity substrate binding and the capacity to be resolubilized from precipitate in an active form. Conclusion: OleTJE has key differences in active site structure and substrate binding/mechanistic properties from related CYP152 hydroxylases. Significance: OleTJE is an efficient and robust biocatalyst with applications in biofuel production.. AB - Background: OleTJE oxidatively ...
Efficient approach to medium-sized cyclic molecules containing (E)-Alkene via z to e photochemical isomerization in the...Efficient approach to medium-sized cyclic molecules containing (E)-Alkene via z to e photochemical isomerization in the...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Efficient approach to medium-sized cyclic molecules containing (E)-Alkene via z to e photochemical isomerization in the presence of AgNO3-impregnated silica gel. AU - Machida, Kouhei. AU - Yoshida, Yuki. AU - Igawa, Kazunobu. AU - Tomooka, Katsuhiko. PY - 2018/1/1. Y1 - 2018/1/1. N2 - Efficient synthesis of medium-sized cyclic molecules containing an (E)-alkene was performed via the highly (E)selective photochemical isomerization of the (Z)-isomer, facilitated by AgNO3-impregnated silica gel.. AB - Efficient synthesis of medium-sized cyclic molecules containing an (E)-alkene was performed via the highly (E)selective photochemical isomerization of the (Z)-isomer, facilitated by AgNO3-impregnated silica gel.. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85040991533&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85040991533&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1246/cl.170937. DO - 10.1246/cl.170937. M3 - Article. VL - 47. SP - 186. EP - 188. JO - Chemistry ...
Tutoronline: ALKENES and ALKENE NOMENCLATURETutoronline: ALKENES and ALKENE NOMENCLATURE
In alkenes we have a C=C bond and one bond is a sigma bond and the other one is pie bond. In ethene (simplest alkene) , Each of the carbon atoms is sp2-hybridized, and the double bond possesses a component and a component. The component results when an sp2 orbital of one carbon, oriented so that its axis lies along the inter-nuclear axis, overlaps with a similarly disposed sp2 orbital of the other carbon. Each sp2 orbital contains one electron, and the resulting bond contains two of the four electrons of the double bond. The bond contributes the other two electrons and is formed by a "sideby-side" overlap of singly occupied p orbitals of the two carbons. ...
What are Alkenes? | HubPagesWhat are Alkenes? | HubPages
Alkenes are from the family of hydrocarbons which also includes alkanes along with many other substances. Alkenes are very useful to us in our daily life, but do you know what they are?
Process to graft stereoregular polymers of branched, higher alpha-olefins and compositions thereof - Patent # 5216061 -...Process to graft stereoregular polymers of branched, higher alpha-olefins and compositions thereof - Patent # 5216061 -...
Hindered phenol stabilized, stereoregular polymers of branched, higher alpha-olefins can be modified with unsaturated silanes, carboxylic acids, and/or carboxylic acid anhydrides in the presence of a free radical generator in the polymer melt. These polymers can also contain additional additives, such as glass fibers. An aliphatic thio compound is added after the grafting procedure for maximum beneficial effect.
Organic Chemistry/Naming - WikiversityOrganic Chemistry/Naming - Wikiversity
Alkenes, like Alkanes, have carbon backbones but contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Double bonds are reactive and can be reduced to single bonds using hydrogen gas, pressure, and a catalyst, such as Pd or Pt. Alternatively, Alkenes can be reduced to Alkanes by reacting with Hydrogen gas over a Nickel catalyst. Nickel acts as a heterogeneous surface catalyst, weakening the H-H bonds in hydrogen, thus speeding up the reaction. This also leads to syn addition, where both of the hydrogens are added to the same side of the double bond. General Alkene Formula: CnH2n. Suffix: "ene" Example: CH2CH2 - Ethene See the alkane naming scheme for branched molecules, as the same principal applies to alkenes we simply retain the "ene" rather than the "ane" ending. However, the placement of the double bond matters when naming. Example: CH3(CH)2CH3 - 2-butene Example: CH2CHCH2CH3 - 1-butene IUPAC rules actually specify that alkenes should be named as but-1-ene, but-2-ene, and so on; but the practice ...
Synthetic Studies on (E)-Alkene Peptide Isosteres and Thiophene-containing Furanosteroids - OpenThesisSynthetic Studies on (E)-Alkene Peptide Isosteres and Thiophene-containing Furanosteroids - OpenThesis
Peptide isosteres are important tools for the understanding of peptide function and for the development of drugs. (E)-Alkene peptide isosteres are particularly useful due to their close geometric match of the amide bond structure. We developed a method for the generation of a small library of (E)-alkene peptide isosteres on solid support via cuprate mediated SN2? ring opening of allylic BUS-aziridines. We also studied the selectivity for the opening of these aziridines in the solution phase. Halenaquinone is a marine natural product that was first isolated in 1983 from the Pacific sponge Xestosongia exigua. We realized the synthesis of a thiophene-containing analog, thio-halenaquinone. The key steps include an alkynyl ketone-benzocylcobutane Diels-Alder reaction to construct the naphthalene subunit, a Heck cyclization to form the quaternary carbon, and a ring closing metathesis to install the final ring. This compound showed an IC90 ~5 µM against Pfnek-1 and an analog that had an IC90 ~3 µM. ...
Redox metathesis reactions - proposition 107 essaysRedox metathesis reactions - proposition 107 essays
From model reactions to catalysis. 13.01. Cyclisation, carboboration and rearrangement reactions. 11.11. . Redox-aktive Guanidin-Liganden: Neue Möglichkeiten . N-heterocyclische Carbene und Katalysatoren für die Olefin-Metathese.Al(ORF)4. -, are obtained by a metathesis reaction of Li Al(ORF)4 and [bmim]Cl (bmim = 1- .. Thus, under extreme redox conditions, hyperactivation of thylakoid dation/metathesis reactions by addition/elimination of even and uneven chain fragments including Ci. .. ben hier ferner Redoxreaktionen unter Einbeziehung. essay on environmentally friendly products Furthermore, operando spectroscopic studies of gas-solid reactions can be carried the redox properties by means of pulse thermoanalysis using reactive gases. supported catalysts; Metathesis reactions of olefins on supported metal oxide Non-redox reactions, which do not involve changes in formal charge, are known as metathesis reactions. Chemical Reactions of Copper Various types of chemical reactions occurred and ...
Catalytic, Enantioselective, Intramolecular Sulfenoamination of Alkenes with Anilines<...Catalytic, Enantioselective, Intramolecular Sulfenoamination of Alkenes with Anilines<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Catalytic, Enantioselective, Intramolecular Sulfenoamination of Alkenes with Anilines. AU - Denmark, Scott E.. AU - Chi, Hyung Min. PY - 2017/4/7. Y1 - 2017/4/7. N2 - A method for the catalytic, enantioselective, intramolecular sulfenoamination of alkenes with aniline nucleophiles has been developed. The method employs a chiral, Lewis basic selenophosphoramide catalyst and a Brønsted acid co-catalyst to promote stereocontrolled C-N and C-S bond formation by activation of an achiral sulfenylating agent. Benzoannulated nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as indolines, tetrahydroquinolines, and tetrahydrobenzazepines were prepared with high to excellent enantioselectivities. The impact of tether length and electron density of both the nucleophile and olefin on the reactivity, site selectivity, and enantioselectivity were investigated and interpreted in terms of substrate-dependent stereodetermining thiiranium ion formation or capture.. AB - A method for the catalytic, ...
Molecules | Free Full-Text | First-Row Late Transition Metals for Catalytic Alkene Hydrofunctionalisation: Recent Advances in...Molecules | Free Full-Text | First-Row Late Transition Metals for Catalytic Alkene Hydrofunctionalisation: Recent Advances in...
This review provides an outline of the most noteworthy achievements in the area of C-N, C-O and C-P bond formation by hydroamination, hydroalkoxylation, hydrophosphination, hydrophosphonylation or hydrophosphinylation reaction on unactivated alkenes (including 1,2- and 1,3-dienes) promoted by first-row late transition metal catalytic systems based on manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc. The relevant literature from 2009 until mid-2017 has been covered.
Herein we report on the 96-well dish assay predicated on the - Synthetic Small Molecule Inhibitors of Hh SignalingHerein we report on the 96-well dish assay predicated on the - Synthetic Small Molecule Inhibitors of Hh Signaling
Herein we report on the 96-well dish assay predicated on the fluorescence caused by the ring-closing metathesis of two profluorophoric substrates. flexibility. From the creation of polymers [5-6] and petrochemicals to the formation of complex natural basic products [7] olefin metathesis continues to be established as a good tool for resolving numerous synthetic problems. In newer applications metathesis in addition has been found in chemical substance biology either by means of an artificial metalloenzyme [8-10] or for the post-translational changes of proteins [11]. To handle these various issues a multitude of carbene complexes predicated on different changeover metals have already been ready and customized towards specific applications [12]. With the ultimate aim of identifying new olefin metathesis catalysts using high-throughput screening we set out to develop and evaluate olefinic substrates amenable to a 96-well plate screening format. Results and Discussion A quick and highly sensitive ...
Tetrasubstituted AlkeneTetrasubstituted Alkene
A tetrasubstituted alkene is an alkene in the molecule of which the doubly bonded carbons are bonded to a total of four carbon atoms excluding each other.. eg:. ...
Reactions of AlkenesReactions of Alkenes
... are one of the largest topics in the first semester organic chemistrou course. Knowing reactions of alkenes is a must-know no-brainer!
Regioselectivity and Diasteroselectivity in Pt(II)-Mediated Green Catalytic Epoxidation of Terminal Alkenes with Hydrogen...Regioselectivity and Diasteroselectivity in Pt(II)-Mediated "Green" Catalytic Epoxidation of Terminal Alkenes with Hydrogen...
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Nitroalkene - WikipediaNitroalkene - Wikipedia
A nitroalkene, or nitro olefin, is a functional group combining the functionality of its constituent parts, an alkene and nitro group, while displaying its own chemical properties through alkene activation, making the functional group useful in specialty reactions such as the Michael reaction or Diels-Alder additions. Nitroalkenes are synthesized by various means, notable examples include: Nitroaldol reactions such as the Henry reaction: Nitration of an alkene with nitryl iodide generated in-situ from silver nitrite and elemental iodine: Direct nitration of alkenes with nitric oxide and an aluminum oxide catalyst in acidic conditions: Direct nitration of alkenes with Clayfen (Iron(III) nitrate supported on Montmorillonite clay): Dehydration of nitro-alcohols: Nitroalkenes are useful intermediates for various chemical functionalities. A nitroalkene behaving as a Michael acceptor in the synthesis of Lycoricidine: Nitroalkene acting as an activated dienophile toward butadiene in an Diels-Alder ...
Bromine water test for alkenes - Stock Image C029/0955 - Science Photo LibraryBromine water test for alkenes - Stock Image C029/0955 - Science Photo Library
Bromine water test for alkenes. When an alkene is added to a solution of bromine water (left) the solution is de-colourised (right). Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon double bond. The number of hydrogen atoms in an alkene is double the number of carbon atoms. Alkenes can de-colourise bromine water, while alkanes cannot. - Stock Image C029/0955
Olefin metathesis - WikipediaOlefin metathesis - Wikipedia
Olefin metathesis is an organic reaction that entails the redistribution of fragments of alkenes (olefins) by the scission and regeneration of carbon-carbon double bonds. Because of the relative simplicity of olefin metathesis, it often creates fewer undesired by-products and hazardous wastes than alternative organic reactions. For their elucidation of the reaction mechanism and their discovery of a variety of highly active catalysts, Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs, and Richard R. Schrock were collectively awarded the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. The reaction requires metal catalysts. Most commercially important processes employ heterogeneous catalysts, but well-defined homogeneous catalysts are also active. The heterogeneous catalysts are often prepared by in-situ activation of a metal halide using organoaluminium or organotin compounds, e.g. combining WCl6-EtOH-EtAlCl2. A typical catalyst support is alumina. Commercial catalysts are often based on molybdenum and ruthenium. Well-defined ...
Arnab K. ChatterjeeArnab K. Chatterjee
Arnab Kumar Chatterjee was born in Calcutta, India in 1975. After completing a Bachelor of Arts in Chemistry and minor in Business from Northwestern University in 1997, he proceeded on to the California Institute of Technology in October 1998 to conduct his doctoral thesis research in the laboratory of Professor Robert H. Grubbs in the Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. His doctoral research focused on understanding the reactivity and selectivity patterns of olefin cross-metathesis reactions using catalytic ruthenium alkylidenes. He also discovered previously unprecedented formation of trisubstituted olefins andunsaturated olefins by intermolecular olefin metathesis chemistry, greatly expanding the olefin cross-metathesis methodology. Subsequently, Professor Robert H. Grubbs was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2005 for his work in the area olefin metathesis. Upon completion of his doctoral research in September 2002, Arnab joined the Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research
Bromination of Alkenes - How Does It Work? - Master Organic ChemistryBromination of Alkenes - How Does It Work? - Master Organic Chemistry
In a previous post we went through the key reactions of the carbocation pathway. Its a family of reactions which proceed through 1) attack of an alkene upon an acid, forming a free carbocation, and 2) attack of a nucleophile upon the carbocation.. Although we saw that several key reactions of alkenes were consistent with this mechanism, it isnt the case for all. Take the bromination of alkenes, for instance.. Treatment of an alkene with bromine (Br2) in a chlorinated solvent (CHCl3, and CH2Cl2 are popular choices; CCl4 is often cited in textbooks*) leads to the formation of products containing two bromine atoms.. Observation #1: Bromination Proceeds with anti stereochemistry. Possibly the most interesting feature of this reaction is that the products follow a very predictable stereochemical pattern. For instance, in the reaction of cyclohexene with Br2, the two bromine atoms add to opposite faces of the alkene ("anti" stereochemistry). No "syn" products are observed.. ...
Biobased production of alkanes and alkenes through metabolic engineering of microorganismsBiobased production of alkanes and alkenes through metabolic engineering of microorganisms
Advancement in metabolic engineering of microorganisms has enabled bio-based production of a range of chemicals, and such engineered microorganism can be used for sustainable production leading to reduced carbon dioxide emission there. One area that has attained much interest is microbial hydrocarbon biosynthesis, and in particular, alkanes and alkenes are important high-value chemicals as they can be utilized for a broad range of industrial purposes as well as drop-in biofuels. Some microorganisms have the ability to biosynthesize alkanes and alkenes naturally, but their production level is extremely low. Therefore, there have been various attempts to recruit other microbial cell factories for production of alkanes and alkenes by applying metabolic engineering strategies. Here we review different pathways and involved enzymes for alkane and alkene production and discuss bottlenecks and possible solutions to accomplish industrial level production of these chemicals by microbial fermentation.
Biobased production of alkanes and alkenes through metabolic engineering of microorganisms - DTU OrbitBiobased production of alkanes and alkenes through metabolic engineering of microorganisms - DTU Orbit
Advancement in metabolic engineering of microorganisms has enabled bio-based production of a range of chemicals, and such engineered microorganism can be used for sustainable production leading to reduced carbon dioxide emission there. One area that has attained much interest is microbial hydrocarbon biosynthesis, and in particular, alkanes and alkenes are important high-value chemicals as they can be utilized for a broad range of industrial purposes as well as drop-in biofuels. Some microorganisms have the ability to biosynthesize alkanes and alkenes naturally, but their production level is extremely low. Therefore, there have been various attempts to recruit other microbial cell factories for production of alkanes and alkenes by applying metabolic engineering strategies. Here we review different pathways and involved enzymes for alkane and alkene production and discuss bottlenecks and possible solutions to accomplish industrial level production of these chemicals by microbial fermentation ...
Rhodium-catalyzed anti-markovnikov addition of secondary amines to arylacetylenes at room temperature<...Rhodium-catalyzed anti-markovnikov addition of secondary amines to arylacetylenes at room temperature<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Rhodium-catalyzed anti-markovnikov addition of secondary amines to arylacetylenes at room temperature. AU - Sakai, Kazunori. AU - Kochi, Takuya. AU - Kakiuchi, Fumitoshi. PY - 2011/8/5. Y1 - 2011/8/5. N2 - An efficient method for synthesis of E-enamines by the anti-Markovnikov addition of secondary amines to terminal alkynes is described. The reaction of a variety of aryl- and heteroarylacetylenes proceeded at room temperature using a combination of a 8-quinolinolato rhodium complex and P(p-MeOC6H 4)3 as a catalyst. The products were obtained as enamines by simple bulb-to-bulb distillation.. AB - An efficient method for synthesis of E-enamines by the anti-Markovnikov addition of secondary amines to terminal alkynes is described. The reaction of a variety of aryl- and heteroarylacetylenes proceeded at room temperature using a combination of a 8-quinolinolato rhodium complex and P(p-MeOC6H 4)3 as a catalyst. The products were obtained as enamines by simple bulb-to-bulb ...
Rutheniums Turn For Z-Selectivity | November 15, 2010 Issue - Vol. 88 Issue 46 | Chemical & Engineering NewsRuthenium's Turn For Z-Selectivity | November 15, 2010 Issue - Vol. 88 Issue 46 | Chemical & Engineering News
Peili Teo and Robert H. Grubbs of California Institute of Technology are reporting the preparation of ruthenium olefin cross-metathesis catalysts that improve selectivity for making Z (cis) alkenes, which are common in natural products and thus important to synthetic organic chemistry (Organometallics, DOI: 10.1021/om1007924). In the past, nearly all ring-opening and cross-metathesis reactions catalyzed by Grubbss ruthenium catalysts or by molybdenum catalysts such as those prepared by Massachusetts Institute of Technologys Richard R. Schrock predominantly yielded E (trans) alkenes. Schrock, Amir H. Hovedya of Boston College, and coworkers recently developed molybdenum monoalkoxide-pyrrolide catalysts that are successful in selectively making Z alkenes (C&EN, Sept. 13, page 33). Teo and Grubbs have followed suit with ruthenium N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts that contain bulky sulfonate and phosphate ligands. For example, the sulfonate catalyst shown is easy to prepare, air-stable, and has ...
New oxidative transformations of alkenes and alkynes under the action of diacetoxyiodobenzene<...New oxidative transformations of alkenes and alkynes under the action of diacetoxyiodobenzene<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - New oxidative transformations of alkenes and alkynes under the action of diacetoxyiodobenzene. AU - Yusubov, M. S.. AU - Zholobova, G. A.. AU - Filimonova, I. L.. AU - Chi, Ki Whan. PY - 2004/8/1. Y1 - 2004/8/1. N2 - Treatment of alkenes and alkynes with diacetoxyiodobenzene activated by mineral and organic acids predominantly results in oxidative rearrangement. 1,4-Diphenylbutadiene in MeOH gives 3,4-dimethoxy-1,4-diphenylbut-1-ene.. AB - Treatment of alkenes and alkynes with diacetoxyiodobenzene activated by mineral and organic acids predominantly results in oxidative rearrangement. 1,4-Diphenylbutadiene in MeOH gives 3,4-dimethoxy-1,4-diphenylbut-1-ene.. KW - Alkenes. KW - Alkynes. KW - Diacetoxyiodobenzene. KW - Oxidative rearrangement. KW - Polyvalent iodine compounds. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=14944340734&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=14944340734&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1007/s11172-005-0027-8. DO - ...
A new sinthetic application of (dichloroiodo)benzene in reactions with alkenes and alkynes<...A new sinthetic application of (dichloroiodo)benzene in reactions with alkenes and alkynes<...
TY - GEN. T1 - A new sinthetic application of (dichloroiodo)benzene in reactions with alkenes and alkynes. AU - Yusubova, R. J.. AU - Filimonov, V. D.. AU - Yusubov, M. S.. AU - Chi, Ki Whan. PY - 2004. Y1 - 2004. N2 - A convenient synthesis of vicinal methoxychlorides, methoxyiodides from alkenes and alkynes using PhICl2/CH3OH, I 2/PhICl2/CH3OH is described.. AB - A convenient synthesis of vicinal methoxychlorides, methoxyiodides from alkenes and alkynes using PhICl2/CH3OH, I 2/PhICl2/CH3OH is described.. KW - (dichloroiodo)Benzene. KW - Alkenes. KW - Alkynes. KW - Chloromethoxylation. KW - Iodomethoxylation. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=29144459782&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=29144459782&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Conference contribution. AN - SCOPUS:29144459782. SN - 0780383834. SN - 9780780383838. VL - 2. SP - 97. EP - 98. BT - 8th Korea-Russia International Symposium on Science and Technology - Proceedings: KORUS 2004. ER - ...
Write My Research Paper for Me - the relationship between consumption and disposable income is such that - glb.cheapwritinghelp...Write My Research Paper for Me - the relationship between consumption and disposable income is such that - glb.cheapwritinghelp...
Inhibitors of ruthenium olefin metathesis catalysts. Inhibitors of Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts. Field of the Invention. The present invention relates to a catalytic system comprising a precatalyst, a precatalyst activator and the relationship between an inhibitor. Further, the invention relates to essay about education in south the use of the relationship and disposable income that this catalytic system in ring-opening metathesis polymerisation reactions. Background of the Invention. Polydicyclopentadiene (poly-DCPD) is obtained through Ring Opening Metathesis Polymerisation (ROMP) of essay be free in south dicyclopentadiene (DCPD). ROMP reaction is a metal carbene catalysed reaction using strained cyclic olefins to the relationship consumption and disposable income that produce a wide range of polymers. Poly-DCPD has excellent impact performance, superior chemical resistance, very low water absorption, very low dielectric constant and a high electrical strength. Todays commercial ...
Markovnikov vs Anti-Markovnikov in Alkene Addition Reactions Organic Chemistry TutorialMarkovnikov vs Anti-Markovnikov in Alkene Addition Reactions Organic Chemistry Tutorial
Markovnikov vs Anti-Markovnikov in Alkene Addition Reactions Tutorial for Organic Chemistry Students -Step by step how to decide which products will form! Mark or AntiMark? Markovnikovs rule is less about memorizing what goes where and more about understanding that if theres a carbocation intermediate it will form on the most substituted carbon atom.
GENTAUR antibody-antibodies.com The Marketplace for Antibodies : Oxidative Heck Reaction as a Tool for Para-selective...GENTAUR antibody-antibodies.com The Marketplace for Antibodies : Oxidative Heck Reaction as a Tool for Para-selective...
antibody-antibodies.com is the marketplace for research antibodies. Find the right antibody for your research needs. Oxidative Heck Reaction as a Tool for Para-selective Olefination of Aniline: A DFT Supported Mechanism.
Diffusion in porous silicon: effects on the reactivity of alkenes and electrochemistry of alkylated porous silicon - ePrints -...Diffusion in porous silicon: effects on the reactivity of alkenes and electrochemistry of alkylated porous silicon - ePrints -...
Alkenes are known to react with hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces to produce robust organic monolayers that are attached to the surface via covalent Si-C bonds. In this report we investigate the dependence of the rate of alkylation of porous silicon samples on the reaction time using photochemical initiation. The kinetics of the photochemical alkylation of hydrogen-terminated porous silicon by undec-1-ene in toluene were observed to be pseudo first order, however the apparent rate constant decreased as the concentration of undec-1-ene increased. This behaviour is opposite to what would be expected if the rate-limiting process was an elementary chemical reaction step involving the alkene. Instead, it suggests that transport of the alkene to reactive sites and in the correct orientation is the rate-limiting step. Comparison of the rates of alkylation of porous silicon by undec-1-ene and dimethoxytrityl (DMT)-undecenol is consistent with such an interpretation as the bulky DMT headgroup gives a ...
Efficient heterogeneous dual catalyst systems for alkane metathesis<...Efficient heterogeneous dual catalyst systems for alkane metathesis<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Efficient heterogeneous dual catalyst systems for alkane metathesis. AU - Huang, Zheng. AU - Rolfe, Eleanor. AU - Carson, Emily C.. AU - Brookhart, Maurice. AU - Goldman, Alan S.. AU - El-Khalafy, Sahar H.. AU - Roy MacArthur, Amy H.. PY - 2010/1/4. Y1 - 2010/1/4. N2 - A fully heterogeneous and highly efficient dual catalyst system for alkane metathesis (AM) has been developed. The system is comprised of an alumina-supported iridium pincer catalyst for alkane dehydrogenation/olefin hydrogenation and a second heterogeneous olefin metathesis catalyst. The iridium catalysts bear basic functional groups on the aromatic backbone of the pincer ligand and are strongly adsorbed on Lewis acid sites on alumina. The heterogeneous systems exhibit higher lifetimes and productivities relative to the corresponding homogeneous systems as catalyst/catalyst interactions and bimolecular decomposition reactions are inhibited. Additionally, using a "two-pot" device, the supported Ir catalysts and ...
Gas chromatographic determination of volatile alkenes with on-column bromination and electron-capture detection. - Lancaster...Gas chromatographic determination of volatile alkenes with on-column bromination and electron-capture detection. - Lancaster...
A method is described for the gas chromatographic-electron-capture detection determination of alkenes via on-column bromination reactions. Pyridinium bromide perbromide (PBPB) was used as the Br2 source, and a cholesterol-glass beads mixture, treated with methanol, was used to remove excess Br2. The optimum ratio of cholesterol to glass beads was found to be 1:10, at which 93% of the bromine released from PBPB can be removed, without removal of the derivitized analytes. The conversion efficiency of alkene to the brominated derivative is extremely low (less than 2%) for ethene, whereas for propene and 1-butene it is 41 and 79%, respectively. For C3---C5 alkenes, this method is 200-300 times more sensitive than analysis of the underivitized analytes by using conventional flame ionization detection.. ...
Recent advances in transition metal-catalysed hydroacylation of alkene by Avipsa Ghosh, Kirsten F. Johnson et al."Recent advances in transition metal-catalysed hydroacylation of alkene" by Avipsa Ghosh, Kirsten F. Johnson et al.
This highlight discusses developments in transition metal-catalysed alkene and alkyne hydroacylation reactions over the past three years. The discussion summarizes the development of new catalyst systems for alkene and alkyne hydroacylation and applications to the synthesis of important ketone building blocks. The highlight captures transition metal-catalysed alkene and alkyne hydroacylation at a time of impressive growth when cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, and iridium catalysts are emerging as complements or replacements for traditional rhodium catalysts.
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Three-Component Coupling Reactions of Arynes for the Synthesis of Benzofurans and CoumarinsMolecules | Free Full-Text | Three-Component Coupling Reactions of Arynes for the Synthesis of Benzofurans and Coumarins
The domino three-component coupling reaction of arynes with DMF and active methylenes or methines was studied as a highly efficient method for preparing heterocycles. Coumarin derivative 5 was formed when diethyl malonate (2) or α-bromomalonate (3) were used as a C2-unit. In contrast, dihydrobenzofurans 7a and 7b were obtained by using α-chloroenolates generated from α-chloromalonates 4a and 4b and Et2Zn. The benzofuran 15a could be obtained by using ethyl iodoacetate (14) as a C1-unit. The one-pot conversion of dihydrobenzofurans 7a, 7b and 8a into benzofurans 15a and 15b was also studied. The direct synthesis of benzofuran 15b was achieved by using the active methine 18 having ketone and ester groups.
Enantioselective Hydroamination of Alkenes with Sulfonamides Enabled by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer<...Enantioselective Hydroamination of Alkenes with Sulfonamides Enabled by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Enantioselective Hydroamination of Alkenes with Sulfonamides Enabled by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer. AU - Roos, Casey B.. AU - Demaerel, Joachim. AU - Graff, David E.. AU - Knowles, Robert R.. PY - 2020/4/1. Y1 - 2020/4/1. N2 - An enantioselective, radical-based method for the intramolecular hydroamination of alkenes with sulfonamides is reported. These reactions are proposed to proceed via N-centered radicals formed by proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) activation of sulfonamide N-H bonds. Noncovalent interactions between the neutral sulfonamidyl radical and a chiral phosphoric acid generated in the PCET event are hypothesized to serve as the basis for asymmetric induction in a subsequent C-N bond forming step, achieving selectivities of up to 98:2 er. These results offer further support for the ability of noncovalent interactions to enforce stereoselectivity in reactions of transient and highly reactive open-shell intermediates.. AB - An enantioselective, ...
Olefin cross metathesis and ring-closing metathesis in polymer chemistry - Polymer Chemistry (RSC Publishing)Olefin cross metathesis and ring-closing metathesis in polymer chemistry - Polymer Chemistry (RSC Publishing)
The use of olefin cross metathesis in preparing functional polymers, through either pre-functionalisation of monomers or post-polymerisation functionalisation is growing in both scope and breadth. The broad functional group tolerance of olefin metathesis offers a wealth of opportunities for introducing a bro
Binding energy of d<sup>10</sup> transition metals to alkenes by wave function theory and density functional...Binding energy of d<sup>10</sup> transition metals to alkenes by wave function theory and density functional...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Binding energy of d10 transition metals to alkenes by wave function theory and density functional theory. AU - Averkiev, Boris B.. AU - Zhao, Yan. AU - Truhlar, Donald G.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2010. Y1 - 2010. N2 - It is shown that new density functionals provide accurate binding energies for conjugated alkenes in Pd and Pt complexes.. AB - It is shown that new density functionals provide accurate binding energies for conjugated alkenes in Pd and Pt complexes.. KW - Binding energy. KW - Brueckner coupled cluster calculations. KW - Conjugated pi systems. KW - Density functionals. KW - Pd and Pt complexes. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=77954175093&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=77954175093&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1016/j.molcata.2010.03.016. DO - 10.1016/j.molcata.2010.03.016. M3 - Article. AN - SCOPUS:77954175093. VL - 324. SP - 80. EP - 88. JO - Journal of Molecular ...
cis-trans and E-Z naming scheme for alkenes | Alkenes and Alkynes | Organic chemistry | Khan Academy lesson plan | Spiralcis-trans and E-Z naming scheme for alkenes | Alkenes and Alkynes | Organic chemistry | Khan Academy lesson plan | Spiral
cis-trans and E-Z naming scheme for alkenes | Alkenes and Alkynes | Organic chemistry | Khan Academy - lesson plan ideas from Spiral.
Sodium p-toluenesulfinate/copper(II) acetate in free radical reactions of 5-aryl substituted alkenes<...Sodium p-toluenesulfinate/copper(II) acetate in free radical reactions of 5-aryl substituted alkenes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Sodium p-toluenesulfinate/copper(II) acetate in free radical reactions of 5-aryl substituted alkenes. AU - Wang, Sheow Fong. AU - Chuang, Che Ping. AU - Lee, Jia Han. AU - Liu, Shui Te. PY - 1999/2/19. Y1 - 1999/2/19. N2 - p-Toluenesulfonyl radical can be generated from sodium p- toluenesulfinate in aqueous acetic acid or formic acid. Sulfonyl radical mediating reaction of 5-aryl substituted alkenes with sodium p- toluenesulfinate/copper(II) acetate gave p-toluenesulfonylmethyl substituted naphthalene and isoquinoline derivatives. This reaction proceeded much faster in aqueous formic acid than in aqueous acetic acid. The cyclization mode (Ar2-6 vs Ar1-5) of the 5-phenyl-1-butyl radical is strongly dependent on the geometry of the tether of the radical intermediate.. AB - p-Toluenesulfonyl radical can be generated from sodium p- toluenesulfinate in aqueous acetic acid or formic acid. Sulfonyl radical mediating reaction of 5-aryl substituted alkenes with sodium p- ...
Anti-Markovnikov terminal and gem-olefin hydrosilylation using a κ <sup>4</sup...Anti-Markovnikov terminal and gem-olefin hydrosilylation using a κ <sup>4</sup...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Anti-Markovnikov terminal and gem-olefin hydrosilylation using a κ 4 -diimine nickel catalyst. T2 - selectivity for alkene hydrosilylation over ether C-O bond cleavage. AU - Rock, Christopher L.. AU - Trovitch, Ryan. PY - 2019/1/1. Y1 - 2019/1/1. N2 - The phosphine-substituted α-diimine Ni precursor, ( Ph 2 PPr DI)Ni, has been found to catalyze alkene hydrosilylation in the presence of Ph 2 SiH 2 with turnover frequencies of up to 124 h −1 at 25 °C (990 h −1 at 60 °C). Moreover, the selective hydrosilylation of allylic and vinylic ethers has been demonstrated, even though ( Ph 2 PPr DI)Ni is known to catalyze allyl ester C-O bond hydrosilylation. At 70 °C, this catalyst has been found to mediate the hydrosilylation of ten different gem-olefins, with turnover numbers of up to 740 under neat conditions. Prior and current mechanistic observations suggest that alkene hydrosilylation takes place though a Chalk-Harrod mechanism following phosphine donor dissociation. AB - The ...
Learning CHEMISTRY for IIT JEE: JEE 2008 Organic Chemistry SyllabusLearning CHEMISTRY for IIT JEE: JEE 2008 Organic Chemistry Syllabus
Preparation, properties and reactions of alkenes and alkynes: Physical properties of alkenes and alkynes (boiling points, density and dipole moments); Acidity of alkynes; Acid catalysed hydration of alkenes and alkynes (excluding the stereochemistry of addition and elimination); Reactions of alkenes with KMnO4 and ozone; Reduction of alkenes and alkynes; Preparation of alkenes and alkynes by elimination reactions; Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes with X2, HX, HOX and H2O (X=halogen); Addition reactions of alkynes; Metal acetylides ...
Alkene Reactions Organic Chemistry Cheat Sheet Study GuideAlkene Reactions Organic Chemistry Cheat Sheet Study Guide
... - See all the alkene reactions at a glance including reactants, reagents, products, regioselectivity and stereoselectivity showing Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov, syn/anti additions and more
Hydroxy nitrate production in the OH-initiated oxidation of alkenes | ATomHydroxy nitrate production in the OH-initiated oxidation of alkenes | ATom
Alkenes are oxidized rapidly in the atmosphere by addition of OH and subsequently O2 leading to the formation of β-hydroxy peroxy radicals. These peroxy radicals react with NO to form β-hydroxy nitrates with a branching ratio α. We quantify α for C2 -C8 alkenes at 295 K ± 3 and 993 hPa. The branching ratio can be expressed as α = (0.045 ± 0.016) × N −(0.11 ± 0.05) where N is the number of heavy atoms (excluding the peroxy moiety), and listed errors are 2σ . These branching ratios are larger than previously reported and are similar to those for peroxy radicals formed from H abstraction from alkanes. We find the isomer distributions of β-hydroxy nitrates formed under NO-dominated peroxy radical chemistry to be different than the isomer distribution of hydroxy hydroperoxides produced under HO2 dominated peroxy radical chemistry. Assuming unity yield for the hydroperoxides implies that the branching ratio to form β-hydroxy nitrates increases with substitution of RO2 . Deuterium ...
Stereochemical Control in the Still-Wittig Rearrangement Synthesis of Cyclohexyl (Z)-Alkene Inhibitors of Pin1Stereochemical Control in the Still-Wittig Rearrangement Synthesis of Cyclohexyl (Z)-Alkene Inhibitors of Pin1
Three stereoisomeric inhibitors of Pin1: (2R,5S)-, (2S,5R)- and (2S,5S)-Ac-pSer-Ψ[(Z)CH = C]-pipecolyl(Pip)-2-(2-naphthyl)ethylamine 1, that mimic L-pSer-D-Pro, D-pSer-L-Pro, and D-pSer-D-Pro amides respectively, were synthesized by a 13-step route. The newly formed stereogenic centers in the pipecolyl ring were introduced by Luche reduction, followed by stereospecific [2,3]-Still-Wittig rearrangement. The (Z)- to (E)-alkene ratio in the rearrangements were consistently 5.5 to 1. The stereochemistry at the original Ser α-carbon controlled the stereochemistry of the Luche reduction, but it did not affect the stereochemical outcome of the rearrangement, which consistently gave the (Z)-alkene. The epimerized by-product, (2S,5S)-10, resulting from the work-up after Na/NH3 debenzylation of (2S,5R)-9, was carried on to the (2S,5S)-1 isomer. Compound (2S,5S)-10 was resynthesized from the Luche reduction by-product, (2R,3R)-3, and the stereochemistry was confirmed by comparison of the optical ...
Lower alkanes dehydrogenation: Strategies and reaction routes to corresponding alkenes - IR@CIMFRLower alkanes dehydrogenation: Strategies and reaction routes to corresponding alkenes - [email protected]
Advances in fossil fuel exploration have continued to drive availability of lower alkane feedstocks for the chemical industry. Lower alkanes are potential precursors to the plethora of basic organic chemicals. However, conversion of lower alkanes to valuable chemicals often involves indirect or multi-step reaction routes. Developing direct routes to obtain key organic chemicals from lower alkanes would benefit industry. Dehydrogenation of C2 and C3 alkanes are particularly of interest as alternatives to steam cracking and fluid catalytic cracking for obtaining C2 and C3 alkenes. This review highlights developments in non-oxidative, autothermal and oxidative dehydrogenation of C2 and C3 alkanes.We examine reaction routes to dehydrogenation of lower alkenes, and analyze the C-H activation mechanismof commercial catalysts in order to gain insight into rational design of improved catalysts for C2 and C3 alkane dehydrogenation at lower temperatures.. ...
Difference Between Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes | Difference BetweenDifference Between Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes | Difference Between
Alkanes, Alkenes vs Alkynes Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are all hydrocarbons with different structures and thus different physical and chemical properties.
Nobel Laureate Professor to Deliver Carletons Mohrig Lecture in Chemistry | Media Relations | Carleton CollegeNobel Laureate Professor to Deliver Carleton's Mohrig Lecture in Chemistry | Media Relations | Carleton College
Robert H. Grubbs, the Victor and Elizabeth Atkins Professor of Chemistry at the California Institute of Technology, whose many honors include the 2005 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, will deliver the annual Carleton College Jerry and Jean Mohrig Lecture in Chemistry at on Thursday, Apr. 25. Entitled "Olefin Metathesis Catalysts for the Preparation of Molecules and Materials," Grubbs presentation will take place at 7:30 p.m. in Room 149 of Olin Hall, and is free and open to the public.. Grubbs primary focus will be on the serious need for new practices within the chemical industry, as petroleum continues to become more expensive and the control of carbon dioxide emissions becomes a higher priority. Grubbs will draw upon his work on olefin metathesis to give examples of how catalysis can be used to meet the challenges imposed by a changing world. Catalytic processes provide green methods of producing many old and new chemicals and open new sources of carbon. The Grubbs research group at Caltech ...
Repositório Institucional da Universidade de Aveiro: Alkenes oligomerization with resin catalystsRepositório Institucional da Universidade de Aveiro: Alkenes oligomerization with resin catalysts
The growing interest of chemical and oil refining industries in the catalytic oligomerization of alkenes for the production of synthetic fuels and additives formulated around light gasoline olefins is due to recent environmental restrictions and increasing diesel demand. Furthermore, the drive towards sustainability and the emergent contribution of biorefineries for the manufacture of intermediate and platform chemicals envisages olefins produced from biomass derived alcohols as an important feedstock for subsequent oligomerization. Over the last years much work has been published on the catalytic oligomerization of propene, butene, isobutene and isoamylene over cation exchange resins, such as Amberlyst and Purolite, and others like Nafion. For instance, isobutene dimers and trimers are accepted additives for gasoline (octane booster) and diesel (cetane booster) while isobutene higher oligomers can be a source for heavier fuels and synthetic lube oils. This paper presents a deep and critical ...
Alkene Oxidation by Ti-Containing Polyoxometalates. Unambiguous Characterization of the Role of the Protonation State | Sciact ...Alkene Oxidation by Ti-Containing Polyoxometalates. Unambiguous Characterization of the Role of the Protonation State | Sciact ...
Реферат: Kinetic and DFT studies revealed that protonation of Ti-containing polyoxometalates (Ti-POM) lowers significantly the energy barrier for the heterolytic oxygen transfer from the Ti hydroperoxo intermediate to the alkene, increasing the activity and selectivity of alkene oxidation ...
Hydroaminoalkylation of sterically hindered alkenes with N,N-dimethyl anilines using a scandium catalyst. | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ®Hydroaminoalkylation of sterically hindered alkenes with N,N-dimethyl anilines using a scandium catalyst. | AMERICAN ELEMENTS ®
An atom- and step-economical C(sp3)-H addition of N,N-dimethyl anilines to various sterically demanding 1,1- and 1,2-disubstituted alkenes has been achieved by using a simple β-diketiminato ligand supported scandium dialkyl complex in combination with a borate compound. The corresponding C(sp3)-C(sp3) bond forming reaction occurs with excellent regioselectivities to give a
Enantioselective Synthesis of -Iodo MoritaЦBaylisЦHillman Esters by a Catalytic Asymmetric Three-Component Coupling...Enantioselective Synthesis of -Iodo MoritaЦBaylisЦHillman Esters by a Catalytic Asymmetric Three-Component Coupling...
Zuschriften DOI: 10.1002/ange.200900351 Multicomponent Reactions Enantioselective Synthesis of b-Iodo Morita-Baylis-Hillman Esters by a Catalytic Asymmetric Three-Component Coupling Reaction** Bidyut Kumar Senapati, Geum-Sook Hwang, Sungil Lee, and Do Hyun Ryu* Dedicated to Professor Sung Ho Kang on the occasion of his 60th birthday Optically active a-methylene-b-hydroxy carbonyl derivatives can be prepared by the asymmetric Morita-Baylis-Hillman (MBH) reaction.[1] These derivatives are useful chiral building blocks for biologically active molecules and natural products because of their multifunctional composition.[2] Even with recent advances in this area, asymmetric synthesis of bsubstituted MBH products such as b-branched MBH ketones or esters have not been successful by this method.[2] One efficient route to give various b-branched MBH products[3] can be achieved through the cross-coupling reaction of chiral b-halo MBH products (Scheme 1). The presence of a halogen Scheme 1. Enantioselective ...
Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne - Ligand-Promoted Reactivity of Alkenes in Dehydrogenative Heck Reactions of Furans and...Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne - Ligand-Promoted Reactivity of Alkenes in Dehydrogenative Heck Reactions of Furans and...
Alexandre Vasseur, Caroline Laugel, Dominique Harakat, Jacques Muzart, Jean Le Bras. Ligand-Promoted Reactivity of Alkenes in Dehydrogenative Heck Reactions of Furans and Thiophenes. European Journal of Organic Chemistry, Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2015, 2015 (5), pp.944-948. ⟨10.1002/ejoc.201403475⟩. ⟨hal-02109118⟩ ...
New synthesis of acylferrocene by hydroiminoacylation of the terminal olefin with ferrocenecarboxaldimine and application to...New synthesis of acylferrocene by hydroiminoacylation of the terminal olefin with ferrocenecarboxaldimine and application to...
TY - JOUR. T1 - New synthesis of acylferrocene by hydroiminoacylation of the terminal olefin with ferrocenecarboxaldimine and application to polymer-supported acylferrocene. AU - Chul-Ho, Jun. AU - Jung-Bu, Kang. AU - Jin-Yong, Kim. PY - 1993/10/5. Y1 - 1993/10/5. N2 - Acylferrocenes were synthesized by hydroiminoacylation of the ω-olefins 1-pentene (3a), vinylferrocene (3b) and but-3-enylferrocene (3c), with the ferrocenecarboxaldimine 2, prepared from ferrocenecarboxaldehyde (1) and 2-amino-3-picoline, under the action of Wilkinsons catalyst, followed by hydrolysis of the corresponding ketimines (5a, 5b and 5c). This hydroiminoacylation was used to incorporate the ferrocenyl group into phenyl-terminated poly-butadiene (PTPB, consisting of 27% vinyl and 73% internal olefin group). 74% hydroacylation of the vinyl group in 7 was accomplished in the first catalytic reaction and in 10 the second hydroacylation completed the conversion of the vinyl group into acylferrocene.. AB - Acylferrocenes ...
Benzhydryl compoundsBenzhydryl compounds
Mass spectral interpretationMass spectral interpretation
Click chemistryClick chemistry
EtherEther
Osmium tetroxideOsmium tetroxide
EsterEster
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon
AlkyneAlkyne
1-Methylcyclopropene1-Methylcyclopropene
Ethylene oxideEthylene oxide
Cheletropic reaction - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaCheletropic reaction - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
SilaneSilane
Lithium hydrideLithium hydride
HexaneHexane
Heavy waterHeavy water
Methylene (compound)Methylene (compound)
GermaneGermane
HydrazideHydrazide
Retro-Diels-Alder reactionRetro-Diels-Alder reaction
Bamford-Stevens reactionBamford-Stevens reaction
HydroaminationHydroamination
Shapiro reactionShapiro reaction
N-BromosuccinimideN-Bromosuccinimide
Oxymercuration reactionOxymercuration reaction
Hydroboration-oxidation reactionHydroboration-oxidation reaction
HalohydrinHalohydrin
E)-StilbeneE)-Stilbene
Transition metal alkyne complexTransition metal alkyne complex
Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylationSharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation
Hydrogen selenideHydrogen selenide
OrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
AlkenesPalladiumAminationCyclizationCycloparaffinsStereoisomerismCatalysisAlkanesRhodiumAlkynesMolecular StructureEpoxy CompoundsPropanolsGram-Negative Aerobic BacteriaPhosphinesChemistry, OrganicHydrocarbons, CyclicOxygenasesBoronChemistry Techniques, SyntheticAlcoholsHalogenationAllyl CompoundsCycloaddition ReactionIminesBoranesHydrocarbons, AcyclicOxidative CouplingOrganometallic CompoundsKetonesXanthobacterHydrocarbonsIpomoea batatasVegetablesMallotus PlantCitrullusDaucus carotabeta CarotenePolyenesPhotochemistryAlkadienesDelawareChinaGreeceConnecticutAwards and PrizesFormularies as TopicEconomics, PharmaceuticalDrug IndustryAcademies and InstitutesSecurity MeasuresLegislation, Food
What are Alkenes? | HubPagesWhat are Alkenes? | HubPages
What are some natural sources of alkenes? | Reference.comWhat are some natural sources of alkenes? | Reference.com
Reactions of AlkenesReactions of Alkenes
Reactions of AlkenesReactions of Alkenes
Alkenes - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications | IntechOpenAlkenes - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications | IntechOpen
Cooperative catalysts offer unique route to alkenesCooperative catalysts offer unique route to alkenes
alkene - Chemgapediaalkene - Chemgapedia
Catalyzing the Hydrodefluorination of CF3-substituted Alkenes by PhSiH3. H• Transfer from a Nickel Hydride.Catalyzing the Hydrodefluorination of CF3-substituted Alkenes by PhSiH3. H• Transfer from a Nickel Hydride.
Can you consider a benzene ring to also be an alkene? | Physics Forums - The Fusion of Science and CommunityCan you consider a benzene ring to also be an alkene? | Physics Forums - The Fusion of Science and Community
Synthetic Studies on (E)-Alkene Peptide Isosteres and Thiophene-containing Furanosteroids - OpenThesisSynthetic Studies on (E)-Alkene Peptide Isosteres and Thiophene-containing Furanosteroids - OpenThesis
The use of flow chemistry for two-phase dibromocyclopropanation of alkenes | SyrrisThe use of flow chemistry for two-phase dibromocyclopropanation of alkenes | Syrris
Organocatalyzed Transient Dienamine-Mediated Diels-Alder Reactions between α,β-Unsaturated Ketones and Alkenes | Bentham ScienceOrganocatalyzed Transient Dienamine-Mediated Diels-Alder Reactions between α,β-Unsaturated Ketones and Alkenes | Bentham Science
Organocatalytic diastereoselective dibromination of alkenesOrganocatalytic diastereoselective dibromination of alkenes
Category:Alkene derivatives - WikipediaCategory:Alkene derivatives - Wikipedia
Alkenes (SMART-created) | CurrikiAlkenes (SMART-created) | Curriki
Alkenes and Aromatics (RSC Publishing)Alkenes and Aromatics (RSC Publishing)
Alkene - WikipediaAlkene - Wikipedia
Patent US3450786 - Process for polymerizing normal mono-1-alkenes - Google PatentsPatent US3450786 - Process for polymerizing normal mono-1-alkenes - Google Patents
Alkene carboamination - WikipediaAlkene carboamination - Wikipedia
Synthesis of alkenes from enamines via hydroboration - Purdue Research FoundationSynthesis of alkenes from enamines via hydroboration - Purdue Research Foundation
Answered: 4. What alkenes might be formed by the… | bartlebyAnswered: 4. What alkenes might be formed by the… | bartleby
Copper(i)-photocatalyzed trifluoromethylation of alkenes - Chemical Communications (RSC Publishing)Copper(i)-photocatalyzed trifluoromethylation of alkenes - Chemical Communications (RSC Publishing)
Alkenes and alkynes | Organic chemistry | Science | Khan AcademyAlkenes and alkynes | Organic chemistry | Science | Khan Academy
Alkenes, C6-8 - Registration Dossier - ECHAAlkenes, C6-8 - Registration Dossier - ECHA
Alkenes, C11-12 - Registration Dossier - ECHAAlkenes, C11-12 - Registration Dossier - ECHA
Alkenes, C15-18 - Registration Dossier - ECHAAlkenes, C15-18 - Registration Dossier - ECHA
Reaction mechanism of organoselenium-catalyzed syn-dichlorination of alkenes: a DFT study | SpringerLinkReaction mechanism of organoselenium-catalyzed syn-dichlorination of alkenes: a DFT study | SpringerLink
Name each of the following alkenes. a. CH2 = CH CH2 | bartlebyName each of the following alkenes. a. CH2 = CH CH2 | bartleby
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation Using Alkenes | RTITransition-Metal-Catalyzed C-H Alkylation Using Alkenes | RTI
Stereoselective intermolecular allylic C-H trifluoroacetoxylation of functionalized alkenesStereoselective intermolecular allylic C-H trifluoroacetoxylation of functionalized alkenes
Alkene and Imino Reductions by OrganocatalysisAlkene and Imino Reductions by Organocatalysis
Alkenes, C20-24 α- - Registration Dossier - ECHAAlkenes, C20-24 α- - Registration Dossier - ECHA
ALKENES IALKENES I
Alkenes: PolymerizationAlkenes: Polymerization
OrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth CareGeographicals
AlkenesPalladiumAminationCyclizationCycloparaffinsStereoisomerismCatalysisAlkanesRhodiumAlkynesMolecular StructureEpoxy CompoundsPropanolsGram-Negative Aerobic BacteriaPhosphinesChemistry, OrganicHydrocarbons, CyclicOxygenasesBoronChemistry Techniques, SyntheticAlcoholsHalogenationAllyl CompoundsCycloaddition ReactionIminesBoranesHydrocarbons, AcyclicOxidative CouplingOrganometallic CompoundsKetonesXanthobacterHydrocarbonsIpomoea batatasVegetablesMallotus PlantCitrullusDaucus carotabeta CarotenePolyenesPhotochemistryAlkadienesDelawareChinaGreeceConnecticutAwards and PrizesFormularies as TopicEconomics, PharmaceuticalDrug IndustryAcademies and InstitutesSecurity MeasuresLegislation, Food
AlkynesSynthesisReactionsReactionCatalystsOlefinsEpoxidationPhysical properties of alkenesEnantioselectiveDouble bondsEtheneAtomsNomenclatureAllylicCatalystReactivity of alkenesAbstractEthyleneRadicals with AlkenesHydrogenation of alkenesHydrocarbons that containOrganicTerminal alkenesInternal alkenesMoleculesEnantioselectivityIsomerismMethylButenePolyeneMixturesIsomersAlkenylBromineRegioselectivityHydrationAsymmetricIUPACMolecularSelectivelyHighly substituted
Alkynes2
  • An Improved Protocol For the Oxidative Cleavage of Alkynes, Alkenes, a" by A. Vijay Kumar, Prakash Reddy et al. (mst.edu)
  • An Improved Protocol For the Oxidative Cleavage of Alkynes, Alkenes, and Diols with Recyclable Ru/C," Synlett , Georg Thieme Verlag, Jan 2009. (mst.edu)
Synthesis9
  • Internal alkenes were inert under these conditions, but Yoshikazo Kitano of the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology effected ( Synthesis 2014 , 46 , 1455. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • Nickel/NHC-Catalyzed Asymmetric C-H Alkylation of Fluoroarenes with Alkenes: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Fluorotetralins. (bioportfolio.com)
  • Gem-Dibromocyclopropanes are versatile intermediates in the synthesis of many natural products and are usually prepared via a two-phased catalyzed dihalocyclopropanation of alkenes. (syrris.com)
  • The enzyme indicated is a special kind, known as flavoprotein in reaction) Dehydrogenation of alkanes is not a practical laboratory synthesis for the vast majority of alkenes. (westvirginiaangerclass.com)
  • The effect of Fe content on FeMn/MgO catalysts for light alkenes synthesis through CO hydrogenation was investigated. (mysciencework.com)
  • The synthesis of these cage alkenes are summarised in Scheme 7.1. (nwu.ac.za)
  • Synthesis of the cage alkene 125 by the cycloaddition of 9 to 118 failed. (nwu.ac.za)
  • The synthesis of cage alkenes from 4-isopropylidenepentacyclo[5.4.0.02,6.03,10.05,undecane-8,11-dione (23) did not meet with much success (Scheme 7.4). (nwu.ac.za)
  • Efficient synthesis of carboxylic acids from alkenes and diols employing Ru/C-based recyclable catalytic system is reported with good to excellent yields. (mst.edu)
Reactions12
Reaction17
Catalysts5
Olefins2
  • Direct and indirect roles of alkenes cannot be ignored, and this book will aim to include new findings in the alkenes (olefins) area, focusing on the industrial aspects of alkenes (olefins) production, separation, purification, kinetic, mechanism, wastewater treatment, etc. (intechopen.com)
  • Alkenes (or olefins, olefines in old-fashioned parlance) - unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. (westvirginiaangerclass.com)
Epoxidation1
Physical properties of alkenes1
  • The physical properties of alkenes: the dipole moments of most alkenes are quite small, a methyl group releases electrons to a double bond in much the same way that it releases electrons to the positively charged carbon of a carbocation-by an inductive effect and by hyperconjugation. (westvirginiaangerclass.com)
Enantioselective4
Double bonds5
Ethene2
Atoms3
Nomenclature1
Allylic3
Catalyst1
Reactivity of alkenes1
Abstract1
  • abstract = "An efficient method for C7-position-selective alkenylation of N-substituted indolines with alkenes is reported. (elsevier.com)
Ethylene1
  • Some natural sources of alkenes are terpenes, ethylene, food containing Vitamin A and β-carotene. (reference.com)
Radicals with Alkenes1
Hydrogenation of alkenes1
Hydrocarbons that contain1
Organic2
  • If you're a chemist, you have a keen sense of the importance of the alkene," Erik Sorensen, the Arthur Allan Patchett Professor in Organic Chemistry at Princeton and corresponding author. (phys.org)
  • https://scienceaid.net/chemistry/organic/alkenes.html. (scienceaid.net)
Terminal alkenes2
  • Alkenes, and in particular terminal alkenes, are readily prepared (e.g. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • Background: OleTJE oxidatively decarboxylates fatty acids to produce terminal alkenes. (elsevier.com)
Internal alkenes2
  • The regioselective hydroboration of aliphatic internal alkenes remains a great challenge. (meta.org)
  • Reported herein is an iridium-catalyzed hydroboration of aliphatic internal alkenes, providing distal-borylated products in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivity (up to 99:1). (meta.org)
Molecules1
  • Chemists at Princeton have developed a new chemical method to introduce valuable alkenes into simple hydrocarbon molecules, a transformation known as dehydrogenation, which is found in important processes such as the biosynthesis of essential fatty acids in the body and the commercial production of detergents. (phys.org)
Enantioselectivity1
Isomerism1
Methyl3
  • efficient conditions for the Wacker oxidation of a terminal alkene 6 to the methyl ketone 13 . (organic-chemistry.org)
  • ClO 4 - to five trans alkenes (2-butene, 2-pentene, 4-methyl-2-pentene, 3-octene, 5-decene) and four cis alkenes (2-pentene, 2-hexene, 2-heptene, 5-decene) gave in each case a mixture of mono- and bisadducts in which the configuration of the alkene was retained. (edu.kz)
  • This kind of image (Acid Catalyzed Hydration Of 2 Methyl 2 butene Beautiful Alkene) above can be classed using:submitted by means of admin in 2019-03-15 15:32:52. (wikiprestashop.com)
Butene1
  • In these additions to alkenes, cis alkenes gave predominantly bisadducts, while trans alkenes (except for trans-2-butene) gave predominantly monoadducts. (edu.kz)
Polyene1
Mixtures2
  • Compared with the specialized membrane applied to separate one type of mixture, the membranes that are able to selectively separate diverse alkane/alkene mixtures are more valuable in chemical and petroleum industry. (mysciencework.com)
  • Zaitsev's rule is an empirical one and summarizes the results of numerous experiments in which alkene mixtures were produced by i? (westvirginiaangerclass.com)
Isomers1
  • In the NMR spectra of (E)- and (Z)-(5-thianthreniumyl)alkenes, the alkenyl proton of Z isomers always appeared at a lower field (0.8-1.0 ppm) than that of E isomers. (edu.kz)
Alkenyl2
Bromine2
Regioselectivity1
Hydration1
Asymmetric1
IUPAC1
Molecular1
  • As noted by queenofbabes, this difference in chemical reactivity is due to the fact that benzen's electronic structure (i.e. it's molecular orbitals) is very much different than the electronic structure of typical alkenes. (physicsforums.com)
Selectively1
Highly substituted1
What are Alkenes? | HubPages
What are Alkenes? | HubPages (hubpages.com)
Reactions of Alkenes
Reactions of Alkenes (organic-chemistry.org)
Reactions of Alkenes
Reactions of Alkenes (organic-chemistry.org)
Benzhydryl compounds - Wikipedia
Benzhydryl compounds - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Mass spectral interpretation - Wikipedia
Mass spectral interpretation - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Hydrocarbon | Encyclopedia.com
Hydrocarbon | Encyclopedia.com (encyclopedia.com)
Alcohol - Sources of alcohols | Britannica.com
Alcohol - Sources of alcohols | Britannica.com (britannica.com)
Alkenes & Cracking - Chemistry GCSE | Quizalize
Alkenes & Cracking - Chemistry GCSE | Quizalize (app.quizalize.com)
Ether - Wikipedia
Ether - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Ethane a Alkene
Ethane a Alkene (answers.com)
Haloalkane - New World Encyclopedia
Haloalkane - New World Encyclopedia (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The ionizations constant of a very weak acid, HA is | bartleby
The ionizations constant of a very weak acid, HA is | bartleby (bartleby.com)
Ester - Wikipedia
Ester - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
CH Chapter 8 - Alkenes, Alkynes and Aromatic Compounds - Chemistry
CH Chapter 8 - Alkenes, Alkynes and Aromatic Compounds - Chemistry (dyhywunerivuqalex.regardbouddhiste.com)
Alkenes (SMART-created) | Curriki
Alkenes (SMART-created) | Curriki (curriki.org)
Name each of the following alkenes. a. CH2 = CH CH2 | bartleby
Name each of the following alkenes. a. CH2 = CH CH2 | bartleby (bartleby.com)
Two objects with masses of 3.00 kg and 5.00 kg are | bartleby
Two objects with masses of 3.00 kg and 5.00 kg are | bartleby (bartleby.com)
Harnessing non-covalent interactions to exert control over regioselectivity and site-selectivity in catalytic reactions -...
Harnessing non-covalent interactions to exert control over regioselectivity and site-selectivity in catalytic reactions -... (pubs.rsc.org)
Hydroboration-oxidation (video) | Khan Academy
Hydroboration-oxidation (video) | Khan Academy (khanacademy.org)
Alkenes, C6-8 - Registration Dossier - ECHA
Alkenes, C6-8 - Registration Dossier - ECHA (echa.europa.eu)
Chemistry Problem on Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes: Cyclobutane and Butene - Lakshan Dumpa | Brilliant
Chemistry Problem on Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes: Cyclobutane and Butene - Lakshan Dumpa | Brilliant (brilliant.org)
Rhodium-Catalyzed 1,4-Addition of Alkenylzirconocene Chlorides to Electron-Deficient Alkenes.
Rhodium-Catalyzed 1,4-Addition of Alkenylzirconocene Chlorides to Electron-Deficient Alkenes. (wizdom.ai)
Advertiser.ie - Search Results
Advertiser.ie - Search Results (advertiser.ie)
You mix 225.0 mL of a 2.5 M HCl solution with 150.0 | bartleby
You mix 225.0 mL of a 2.5 M HCl solution with 150.0 | bartleby (bartleby.com)