OrganismsChemicals and DrugsHealth Care
AlkanesAlkane 1-MonooxygenaseButanesOctanesRubredoxinsPetroleumHydrocarbonsBiodegradation, EnvironmentalMixed Function OxygenasesGordonia BacteriumAlcanivoraceaeWaxesPropaneAlkenesRhodococcusAcetic AnhydridesPseudomonasHydrocarbons, HalogenatedPseudomonas putidaAlcoholsAgrocybeRhodiumSulfur-Reducing BacteriaHydrocarbons, Acyclic
Alkanes
The generic name for the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons Cn-H2n+2. They are denoted by the suffix -ane. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Alkane 1-Monooxygenase
A P450 oxidoreductase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of the terminal carbon of linear hydrocarbons such as octane and FATTY ACIDS in the omega position. The enzyme may also play a role in the oxidation of a variety of structurally unrelated compounds such as XENOBIOTICS, and STEROIDS.
Butanes
Octanes
Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.
Rubredoxins
A class of iron-sulfur proteins that contains one iron coordinated to the sulfur atom of four cysteine residues. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Petroleum
Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.
Hydrocarbons
Biodegradation, Environmental
Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.
Mixed Function Oxygenases
Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.
Gordonia Bacterium
A genus of gram-positive BACTERIA in the family Gordoniaceae, isolated from soil and from sputa of patients with chest disorders. It is also used for biotransformation of natural products.
Alcanivoraceae
A family of halophilic bacteria in the order Oceanospirillales. Its principal carbon and energy sources are linear-chain ALKANES and their derivatives.
Waxes
A plastic substance deposited by insects or obtained from plants. Waxes are esters of various fatty acids with higher, usually monohydric alcohols. The wax of pharmacy is principally yellow wax (beeswax), the material of which honeycomb is made. It consists chiefly of cerotic acid and myricin and is used in making ointments, cerates, etc. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Propane
Alkenes
Unsaturated hydrocarbons of the type Cn-H2n, indicated by the suffix -ene. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p408)
Rhodococcus
A bacterial genus of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.
Acetic Anhydrides
Compounds used extensively as acetylation, oxidation and dehydrating agents and in the modification of proteins and enzymes.
Pseudomonas
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.
Hydrocarbons, Halogenated
Pseudomonas putida
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and water as well as clinical specimens. Occasionally it is an opportunistic pathogen.
Alcohols
Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Agrocybe
A genus of saprobic mushrooms in the family Bolbitiaceae that grow in grass, dung, garden mulch, or in woods.
Rhodium
Rhodium. A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Sulfur-Reducing Bacteria
A group of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that is able to oxidize acetate completely to carbon dioxide using elemental sulfur as the electron acceptor.
Hydrocarbons, Acyclic
Organic compounds composed exclusively of carbon and hydrogen where no carbon atoms join to form a ring structure.

The requirement of an adherent cell substratum for the growth of developing plasmacytoma cells in vivo. (1/908)

The intraperitoneal injection of pristane (2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane) produces an environment conductive to primary plasmacytoma growth in as few as 3 days. After pristane injection, the total free peritoneal cell population increases from a normal value of 1.55 X 10(6) to 5.28 X 10(6) and remains at this elevated level for at least 50 days. The adherent peritoneal cell population, composed of both mononuclear cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes, is the primary source of this increase. In the pristane-conditioned peritoneum, these cells rapidly form a chronic granuloma on the peritoneal connective tissues. Daily subcutaneous treatment of mice with 0.5 mg of hydrocortisone beginning simultaneously with pristane injection prevents the increase in the peritoneal cell population, granuloma formation, d the production of a conditoned environment. In mice treated with hydrocortisone beginning 3 days after pristane injection, however, neither the peritoneal cell increase nor the production of a conditioned environment is prevented. The intraperitoneal injection of thioglycolate medium at 4-day intervals produces an elevation of the free adherent peritoneal cell population similar to pristane, but does not produce a granuloma or a conditioned environment. The intraperitoneal transfer of thioglycolate-induced adherent peritonel cells to mice treated with pristane and hydrocortisone simultaneously restores the production of a conditioned environment. These findings indicate that the adherent peritoneal cell population is responsible for the conditioning effect, and that the establishment of a resident population of these cells is necessary to produce conditioning.  (+info)

The PalkBFGHJKL promoter is under carbon catabolite repression control in Pseudomonas oleovorans but not in Escherichia coli alk+ recombinants. (2/908)

The alk genes are located on the OCT plasmid of Pseudomonas oleovorans and encode an inducible pathway for the utilization of n-alkanes as carbon and energy sources. We have investigated the influence of alternative carbon sources on the induction of this pathway in P. oleovorans and Escherichia coli alk+ recombinants. In doing so, we confirmed earlier reports that induction of alkane hydroxylase activity in pseudomonads is subject to carbon catabolite repression. Specifically, synthesis of the monooxygenase component AlkB is repressed at the transcriptional level. The alk genes have been cloned into plasmid pGEc47, which has a copy number of about 5 to 10 per cell in both E. coli and pseudomonads. Pseudomonas putida GPo12 is a P. oleovorans derivative cured of the OCT plasmid. Upon introduction of pGEc47 in this strain, carbon catabolite repression of alkane hydroxylase activity was reduced significantly. In cultures of recombinant E. coli HB101 and W3110 carrying pGEc47, induction of AlkB and transcription of the alkB gene were no longer subject to carbon catabolite repression. This suggests that carbon catabolite repression of alkane degradation is regulated differently in Pseudomonas and in E. coli strains. These results also indicate that PalkBFGHJKL, the Palk promoter, might be useful in attaining high expression levels of heterologous genes in E. coli grown on inexpensive carbon sources which normally trigger carbon catabolite repression of native expression systems in this host.  (+info)

Role of the alternative sigma factor sigmaS in expression of the AlkS regulator of the Pseudomonas oleovorans alkane degradation pathway. (3/908)

The AlkS protein activates transcription from the PalkB promoter, allowing the expression of a number of genes required for the assimilation of alkanes in Pseudomonas oleovorans. We have identified the promoter from which the alkS gene is transcribed, PalkS, and analyzed its expression under different conditions and genetic backgrounds. Transcription from PalkS was very low during the exponential phase of growth and increased considerably when cells reached the stationary phase. The PalkS -10 region was similar to the consensus described for promoters recognized by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase bound to the alternative sigma factor sigmaS, which directs the expression of many stationary-phase genes. Reporter strains containing PalkS-lacZ transcriptional fusions showed that PalkS promoter is very weakly expressed in a Pseudomonas putida strain bearing an inactivated allele of the gene coding for sigmaS, rpoS. When PalkS was transferred to E. coli, transcription started at the same site and expression was higher in stationary phase only if sigmaS-RNA polymerase was present. The low levels of AlkS protein generated in the absence of sigmaS were enough to support a partial induction of the PalkB promoter. The -10 and -35 regions of PalkS promoter also show some similarity to the consensus recognized by sigmaD-RNA polymerase, the primary form of RNA polymerase. We propose that in exponential phase PalkS is probably recognized both by sigmaD-RNA polymerase (inefficiently) and by sigmaS-RNA polymerase (present at low levels), leading to low-level expression of the alkS gene. sigmaS-RNA polymerase would be responsible for the high level of activity of PalkS observed in stationary phase.  (+info)

Effects of surfactant mixtures, including Corexit 9527, on bacterial oxidation of acetate and alkanes in crude oil. (4/908)

Mixtures of nonionic and anionic surfactants, including Corexit 9527, were tested to determine their effects on bacterial oxidation of acetate and alkanes in crude oil by cells pregrown on these substrates. Corexit 9527 inhibited oxidation of the alkanes in crude oil by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ATCC 31012, while Span 80, a Corexit 9527 constituent, markedly increased the oil oxidation rate. Another Corexit 9527 constituent, the negatively charged dioctyl sulfosuccinate (AOT), strongly reduced the oxidation rate. The combination of Span 80 and AOT increased the rate, but not as much as Span 80 alone increased it, which tentatively explained the negative effect of Corexit 9527. The results of acetate uptake and oxidation experiments indicated that the nonionic surfactants interacted with the acetate uptake system while the anionic surfactant interacted with the oxidation system of the bacteria. The overall effect of Corexit 9527 on alkane oxidation by A. calcoaceticus ATCC 31012 thus seems to be the sum of the independent effects of the individual surfactants in the surfactant mixture. When Rhodococcus sp. strain 094 was used, the alkane oxidation rate decreased to almost zero in the presence of a mixture of Tergitol 15-S-7 and AOT even though the Tergitol 15-S-7 surfactant increased the alkane oxidation rate and AOT did not affect it. This indicated that there was synergism between the two surfactants rather than an additive effect like that observed for A. calcoaceticus ATCC 31012.  (+info)

A common pharmacophore for cytotoxic natural products that stabilize microtubules. (5/908)

Taxol (paclitaxel), a complex diterpene obtained from the Pacific yew, Taxus brevifolia, is arguably the most important new drug in cancer chemotherapy. The mechanism of cytotoxic action for paclitaxel-i.e., the stabilization of microtubules leading to mitotic arrest-is now shared by four recently identified natural products, eleutherobin, epothilones A and B, and discodermolide. Their ability to competitively inhibit [3H]paclitaxel binding to microtubules strongly suggests the existence of a common binding site. Recently, we have developed nonaromatic analogues of paclitaxel that maintain high cytotoxicity and tubulin binding (e.g., nonataxel). We now propose a common pharmacophore that unites paclitaxel, nonataxel, the epothilones, eleutherobin, and discodermolide, and rationalizes the extensive structure-activity relationship data pertinent to these compounds. Insights from the common pharmacophore have enabled the development of a hybrid construct with demonstrated cytotoxic and tubulin-binding activity.  (+info)

Fundibacter jadensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new slightly halophilic bacterium, isolated from intertidal sediment. (6/908)

A moderately halophilic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium was isolated from continuous cultures containing a suspension of intertidal sediment from the German North Sea coast with hexadecane as the sole carbon source. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, fatty acid analysis and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, it was considered to be a new species belonging to a new genus. It is a Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, whose cell size varies. It grows at concentrations of 0.5-15% (w/v) NaCl and utilizes a restricted spectrum of carbon sources. The G + C content of the DNA is 63.6 mol%. Comparative 16S rDNA studies show a clear affiliation of this bacterium to the gamma subclass of the class Proteobacteria. Comparison of phylogenetic data indicate that it is most closely related to Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus (88.9% similarity in 16S rRNA gene sequence). Since it is impossible to find a sufficiently closely related species, we propose the name Fundibacter jadensis gen. nov., sp. nov. for the bacteria. The type strain is T9T (= DSM 12178T).  (+info)

Effect of organic solvents on the yield of solvent-tolerant Pseudomonas putida S12. (7/908)

Solvent-tolerant microorganisms are useful in biotransformations with whole cells in two-phase solvent-water systems. The results presented here describe the effects that organic solvents have on the growth of these organisms. The maximal growth rate of Pseudomonas putida S12, 0.8 h-1, was not affected by toluene in batch cultures, but in chemostat cultures the solvent decreased the maximal growth rate by nearly 50%. Toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, xylene, hexane, and cyclohexane reduced the biomass yield, and this effect depended on the concentration of the solvent in the bacterial membrane and not on its chemical structure. The dose response to solvents in terms of yield was linear up to an approximately 200 mM concentration of solvent in the bacterial membrane, both in the wild type and in a mutant lacking an active efflux system for toluene. Above this critical concentration the yield of the wild type remained constant at 0.2 g of protein/g of glucose with increasing concentrations of toluene. The reduction of the yield in the presence of solvents is due to a maintenance higher by a factor of three or four as well as to a decrease of the maximum growth yield by 33%. Therefore, energy-consuming adaptation processes as well as the uncoupling effect of the solvents reduce the yield of the tolerant cells.  (+info)

Butane metabolism by butane-grown 'Pseudomonas butanovora'. (8/908)

The pathway of butane metabolism by butane-grown 'Pseudomonas butanovora' was determined to be butane --> 1-butanol --> butyraldehyde butyrate. Butane was initially oxidized at the terminal carbon to produce 1-butanol. Up to 90% of the butane consumed was accounted for as 1-butanol when cells were incubated in the presence of 5 mM 1-propanol (to block subsequent metabolism of 1-butanol). No production of the subterminal oxidation product, 2-butanol, was detected, even in the presence of 5 mM 2-pentanol (an effective inhibitor of 2-butanol consumption). Ethane, propane and pentane, but not methane, were also oxidized. Butane-grown cells consumed 1-butanol and other terminal alcohols. Secondary alcohols, including 2-butanol, were oxidized to the corresponding ketones. Butyraldehyde was further oxidized to butyrate as demonstrated by blocking butyrate metabolism with 1 mM sodium valerate. Butyrate also accumulated from butane when cells were incubated with 1 mM sodium valerate. The pathway intermediates (butane, 1-butanol, butyraldehyde and butyrate) and 2-butanol stimulated O2 consumption by butane-grown cells. 1-Butanol, butyraldehyde and butyrate supported growth of 'P. butanovora', as did 2-butanol and lactate.  (+info)

Dodecane - Registration Dossier - ECHADodecane - Registration Dossier - ECHA
There is no reproductive toxicity data available for Dodecane, however; OECD Guideline 422 studies are available from structural analogues, Decane and Undecane. Additionally, an OECD 443 (extended one-generation reproductive toxicity - with developmental neurotoxicity (Cohorts 1A, 1B without extension, 2A and 2B)) test is proposed for structural analogues, Hydrocarbons, C9-C11, isoalkanes, cyclics, ,2% aromatics and Hydrocarbons, C14-C19, isoalkanes, cyclics, ,2% aromatics. This data is read across to based on analogue read across and a discussion and report on the read across strategy is provided as an attachment in IUCLID Section 13. This endpoint will be updated subsequent to ECHAs approval of the testing proposal and availability of data upon completion of the study. Oral Decane In an OECD Guideline 422 study (Sasol, 1995), groups of 10 male and 10 female Sprague Dawley rats were dosed with decane daily by gavage at exposure levels of 0, 25, 150, or 1000 mg/kg/day. Males were dosed from the ...
https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13433/7/9/1
Lower alkanes dehydrogenation: Strategies and reaction routes to corresponding alkenes - IR@CIMFRLower alkanes dehydrogenation: Strategies and reaction routes to corresponding alkenes - [email protected]
Advances in fossil fuel exploration have continued to drive availability of lower alkane feedstocks for the chemical industry. Lower alkanes are potential precursors to the plethora of basic organic chemicals. However, conversion of lower alkanes to valuable chemicals often involves indirect or multi-step reaction routes. Developing direct routes to obtain key organic chemicals from lower alkanes would benefit industry. Dehydrogenation of C2 and C3 alkanes are particularly of interest as alternatives to steam cracking and fluid catalytic cracking for obtaining C2 and C3 alkenes. This review highlights developments in non-oxidative, autothermal and oxidative dehydrogenation of C2 and C3 alkanes.We examine reaction routes to dehydrogenation of lower alkenes, and analyze the C-H activation mechanismof commercial catalysts in order to gain insight into rational design of improved catalysts for C2 and C3 alkane dehydrogenation at lower temperatures.. ...
http://cimfr.csircentral.net/1836/
Higher alkanes - WikipediaHigher alkanes - Wikipedia
Alkanes from nonane to hexadecane (those alkanes with nine to sixteen carbon atoms) are liquids of higher viscosity, which are less suitable for use in gasoline. They form instead the major part of diesel and aviation fuel. Diesel fuels are characterised by their cetane number, cetane being an older name for hexadecane. However the higher melting points of these alkanes can cause problems at low temperatures and in polar regions, where the fuel becomes too thick to flow correctly. Mixtures of the normal alkanes are used as boiling point standards for simulated distillation by gas chromatography.[1] Alkanes from hexadecane upwards form the most important components of fuel oil and lubricating oil. In latter function they work at the same time as anti-corrosive agents, as their hydrophobic nature means that water cannot reach the metal surface. Many solid alkanes find use as paraffin wax, used for lubrication, electrical insulation, and candles. Paraffin wax should not be confused with beeswax, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_alkanes
View source - 2010.igem.orgView source - 2010.igem.org
BioBricks, the making of= Two BioBricks are the final constructs for this sub-project. The BioBricks K398015 and K398022, implemented in E.coli, will be able to degrade medium (C5-13) and long chain (C15-36) alkanes respectively, while utilizing them as a C-source. The oxidation route of the alkanes is illustrated in figure 1. [[Image:TUDelft_Alkane_degradation_route.png,600px,thumb,center,Figure 1 - Schematic description of the alkane degradation pathway with the corresponding genes.]] To create the alkane degradation constructs a number of genes encoding for alkane degradation enzymes were synthesized and combined with promoters and RBSs obtained from the BioBrick distribution plates. Combination of these genes resulted in the following final BioBrick constructs (the intermediate have also been submitted to the registry). ==BBa_K398014 - Short-chain (C5-13) Alkane degradation== The short-chain hydrocarbon degrading BioBrick contains the AlkB gene cluster from Gordonia sp. TF6[1]. ...
https://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:TU_Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/parts&action=edit&oldid=68266
Alkanes, Alcohols, and Ethers | Skunk Pharm ResearchAlkanes, Alcohols, and Ethers | Skunk Pharm Research
The Simple Alkanes are non-polar solvents, and mostly insoluble in water. Butane is the last of the Simple Alkanes that is still considered slightly water soluble, at .000325 vol/vol, or about 3.2 ml/liter.. Simple Alkanes do a good job of avoiding the polar elements, but does still extract waxes, fats, and lipids, that are non active ingredients adding to the bulk and harshness. This is easily removed by winterizing the raw oleoresin extract using a polar solvent and freezing temperatures to coagulate them, so that they can be filtered out. See page on polishing extracts for details.. The Simple Alkanes are also relatively non-toxic, with some even used in food processing. Their presence is also easily detectable by taste and smell at levels far below Threshold Limit Values, so they are a good choice for extraction. See attached MSDS sheets for details.. Simple Alkane Alcohols:. While the Simple Alkanes may be simple and dull, not so once an oxygen atom enters the picture. Depending on its ...
https://skunkpharmresearch.com/simple-alkanes-alcohols-and-ethers/?replytocom=4404
Alkanes, Alcohols, and Ethers | Skunk Pharm ResearchAlkanes, Alcohols, and Ethers | Skunk Pharm Research
The Simple Alkanes are non-polar solvents, and mostly insoluble in water. Butane is the last of the Simple Alkanes that is still considered slightly water soluble, at .000325 vol/vol, or about 3.2 ml/liter.. Simple Alkanes do a good job of avoiding the polar elements, but does still extract waxes, fats, and lipids, that are non active ingredients adding to the bulk and harshness. This is easily removed by winterizing the raw oleoresin extract using a polar solvent and freezing temperatures to coagulate them, so that they can be filtered out. See page on polishing extracts for details.. The Simple Alkanes are also relatively non-toxic, with some even used in food processing. Their presence is also easily detectable by taste and smell at levels far below Threshold Limit Values, so they are a good choice for extraction. See attached MSDS sheets for details.. Simple Alkane Alcohols:. While the Simple Alkanes may be simple and dull, not so once an oxygen atom enters the picture. Depending on its ...
https://skunkpharmresearch.com/simple-alkanes-alcohols-and-ethers/?replytocom=6481
Team:TU Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/parts - 2010.igem.orgTeam:TU Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/parts - 2010.igem.org
1] Fujii, T., Narikawa, T., Takeda, K., Kato, J., Biotransformation of various alkanes using the Escherichia coli expressing an alkane hydroxylase system from Gordonia sp. TF6. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry, 68(10) 2171-2177 (2004) [2] Liu Li, Xueqian Liu, Wen Yang, Feng Xu, Wei Wang, Lu Feng, Mark Bartlam, Lei Wang and Zihe Rao. Crystal Structure of Long-Chain Alkane Monooxygenase (LadA) in Complex with Coenzyme FMN: Unveiling the Long-Chain Alkane Hydroxylase. Journal of molecular biology, 376: 453-465 (2008) [3] Tomohisa Kato, Asuka Miyanaga, Mitsuru Haruki, Tadayuki Imanaka, Masaaki Morikawa & Shigenori Kanaya. Gene Cloning of an Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Thermophilic Alkane-Degrading Bacillus thermoleovorans B23. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 91(1):100-102 (2001) [4] Tomohisa Kato, Asuka Miyanaga, Shigenori Kanaya, Masaaki Morikawa. Gene cloning and characterization of an aldehyde dehydrogenase from long-chain alkane-degrading Geobacillus thermoleovorans B23. ...
http://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:TU_Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/parts&diff=prev&oldid=66491
112-40-3 dodecane MSDS,Density,Formula-Molbase
Molbase Encyclopedia provides dodecane (112-40-3) basic information, physical and chemical properties, safety information, toxicity, customs data, synthetic routes, maps, MSDS, generation methods and uses, and its upstream and downstream products.
http://m.molbase.com/moldata/1435482.html
Aklenes and Alkanes Investigation - GCSE Science - Marked by Teachers.comAklenes and Alkanes Investigation - GCSE Science - Marked by Teachers.com
Introduction. PLAN I am going to investigate that if the number of carbon atoms in an alkane effect the amount of heat released. The alkanes that I will use are Pentane (C5 H12 ), Hexane (C6 H14 ), Heptane (C7 H16 ) and Nonane (C9 H26 ). The formula that I will use to find the heat released is :- Mass (g) x Specific Heat Capacity (4.2/J/g/�C) x Temperature Rise (�C) ? Mass of Fuel The variables that might effect this investigation are :- * type of flame * amount of water * length of time * thermometer not started at room temperature * amount of the alkane * size of beaker holding the alkane * height from flame to beaker Prediction Alkanes are called saturated hydrocarbons because they only have single bonds between carbon atoms and are known to be in the homologous series, individuals are known as homologs. Alkanes burn in a plentiful supply of air to release energy (this is why they are used as fuels). ...read more. Middle. - Using a clamp I will hold the brass beaker about 15cm above the ...
http://www.markedbyteachers.com/gcse/science/aklenes-and-alkanes-investigation.html
Petroleum naphtha - Citable Version - CitizendiumPetroleum naphtha - Citable Version - Citizendium
Petroleum naphtha is an intermediate hydrocarbon liquid stream derived from the refining of crude oil.[1][2][3] It is most usually desulfurized and then catalytically reformed, which re-arranges or re-structures the hydrocarbon molecules in the naphtha as well as breaking some of the molecules into smaller molecules to produce a high-octane component of gasoline (or petrol). There are quite literally hundreds of different petroleum crude oil sources worldwide and each crude oil has its own unique composition or assay. There are also hundreds of petroleum refineries worldwide and each of them is designed to process either a specific crude oil or specific types of crude oils. That means that it is virtually impossible to provide a definitive, single definition of the word naphtha since each refinery produces its own naphthas with their own unique initial and final boiling points and other physical and compositional characteristics. In other words, naphtha is a generic term rather than a specific ...
https://en.citizendium.org/wiki/Petroleum_naphtha/Citable_Version
Adsorption of Liquid-Phase Alkane Mixtures in Silicalite: Simulations and Experiment<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Adsorption of Liquid-Phase Alkane Mixtures in Silicalite. T2 - Simulations and Experiment. AU - Chempath, Shaji. AU - Denayer, Joeri F.M.. AU - De Meyer, Kurt M.A.. AU - Baron, Gino V.. AU - Snurr, Randall Q. PY - 2004/1/6. Y1 - 2004/1/6. N2 - A combination of experimental and computational studies of adsorption from liquid-phase mixtures of linear alkanes in the zeolite silicalite is presented here. Configurational biased grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations combined with identity-swap moves are used to equilibrate the simulations in reasonable times. Interesting trends observed in experiments have been captured quantitatively by simulations. A siting analysis of the simulation data reveals that, during adsorption from a liquid mixture, shorter alkanes prefer the zigzag channels and longer alkanes concentrate in the straight channels of silicalite.. AB - A combination of experimental and computational studies of adsorption from liquid-phase mixtures of linear alkanes in the ...
https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/publications/adsorption-of-liquid-phase-alkane-mixtures-in-silicalite-simulati
Notes and Important Points on Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes - Chemistry - KCET EngineeringNotes and Important Points on Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes - Chemistry - KCET Engineering
Free Notes on Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes - KCET Engineering. Read all the Important points and Chapterwise Notes on KCET Engineering
https://www.simplylearnt.com/notes/Alkanes--Alkenes-and-Alkynes-7
Alkanes - Properties and TrendsAlkanes - Properties and Trends
These various contortions greatly increase the number of ways energy can be dispersed by this molecule. It is for this reason that larger molecules (alkanes, organic, or otherwise), tend to have greater entropy values than smaller ones.. A closer inspection of the graph reveals that there is not a increase from every alkane to the next. There is a decrease in entropy from butane to pentane before continuing upward again through dodecane and (presumably) beyond. Why the drop from butane to pentane? This can be answered by looking into the difference between the first four alkanes and the next eight. The answer cannot be found from this graph, but rather an investigation of states of matter. Methane, ethane, propane, and butane are all gases at room temperature. Pentane, and the seven others displayed in this graph, are liquids. There is a drop in entropy when the alkanes change from gases to liquids at room temperature. The reason is once again linked to dispersal of energy. Gases have the ...
http://chemistry-reference.com/alkanes/default.asp?language=zh
Developing Fuels - GCSE Science - Marked by Teachers.comDeveloping Fuels - GCSE Science - Marked by Teachers.com
Introduction. Developing Fuels Petrol is made up of alkanes, which are a type of hydrocarbon. These alkanes have carbon atoms connected four times to other carbon or hydrogen atoms by singular covalent bonds, and are therefore saturated. Alkanes have different structures. Some have a chain of carbons with hydrogens connected to them. They are called chain alkanes. Others have carbons interconnecting and are called branched alkanes. Petrol has short-chained alkanes and branched alkanes as these have high octane numbers. This means that, when the alkanes are put under pressure they explode smoothly and dont cause the engine to knock. If an alkane had an octane no. of 90 then it knocks the same amount as a mixture of 90% methylcyclohexane (knocks very little) and 10% n-heptane (knocks a lot). Petrol originally had mainly long chained alkanes. Therefore , as some alkanes have the same formula but different structures, they can be changed into other alkanes during isomerisation. ...read more. ...
http://www.markedbyteachers.com/gcse/science/developing-fuels.html
Team:Washington/Alkanes/Future/Yeast - 2011.igem.orgTeam:Washington/Alkanes/Future/Yeast - 2011.igem.org
By synthesizing alkanes in organisms, alkanes can become a useful renewable energy source; CO2 emitted from burning the alkanes are converted to glucose through photosynthesis, and then the glucose can be fed to alkane-synthesizing organisms to restart the cycle. This cycle can be drastically improved if there were fewer steps in the cycle. We explored the possibility of optimizing the alkane biosynthesis system in different micro-organisms, with the idea that perhaps with autotrophic organisms, we do not need to obtain glucose for the reaction ...
https://2011.igem.org/Team:Washington/Alkanes/Future/Yeast
Background Breathing alkanes are reported to be able to discriminate lung | Selective Inhibitors of Protein MethyltransferasesBackground Breathing alkanes are reported to be able to discriminate lung | Selective Inhibitors of Protein Methyltransferases
Background Breathing alkanes are reported to be able to discriminate lung cancer patients from healthy people. with the chemiresistor sensor attached at its inside bottom to measure the sensor peak output (percentage change of baseline resistance measured before exhalation buy Maackiain to peak resistance) and the time taken for the baseline resistance to reach peak resistance. Results Analysis of multivariate variance and post-hoc Tukey test revealed that the peak output and the time to peak values for the lung cancer patients were statistically different from that for both the COPD patients and the controls without lung disease, Pillais Trace =0.393, F=3.909, df = (4, 64), P=0.007. A 2.20% sensor peak output and a 90-s time to peak gave 83.3% sensitivity and 88% specificity in diagnosing lung cancer. Tobacco smoking did not affect the diagnostic accuracy of the buy Maackiain sensor. Conclusions The alkane sensor could discriminate patients with lung cancer from COPD patients and people without ...
http://onetownmanyvoices.com/background-breathing-alkanes-are-reported-to-be-able-to-discriminate-lung/
Alkane activation at ambient temperature - Unusual selectivities, C-C, C-H bond scission vs C-C bond coupling<...Alkane activation at ambient temperature - Unusual selectivities, C-C, C-H bond scission vs C-C bond coupling<...
TY - GEN. T1 - Alkane activation at ambient temperature - Unusual selectivities, C-C, C-H bond scission vs C-C bond coupling. AU - Trionfetti, C.. AU - Agiral, A.. AU - Gardeniers, Han J G E. AU - Lefferts, L.. AU - Seshan, K.. PY - 2008. Y1 - 2008. N2 - Availability and low cost of light alkanes make them interesting as feedstock for commercial fuels and chemicals. However, direct conversion of lower alkanes for such purposes is a challenging problem. A discussion covers the oxidative conversion of light alkanes in the presence of cold plasma in a microreactor; variables influencing products selectivities; characteristics of the plasma microreactor; formation of C-C bonds; and directly upgrading cheap low molecular weight alkanes to commercially useful fuels and/or feedstock materials for the chemical industry. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 42nd Loss Prevention Symposium (New Orleans, LA 4/6-10/2008).. AB - Availability and low cost of light alkanes make them interesting as ...
https://research.utwente.nl/en/publications/alkane-activation-at-ambient-temperature-unusual-selectivities-c--2
Structural and mechanistic insight into alkane hydroxylation by Pseudomonas putida AlkB | Biochemical JournalStructural and mechanistic insight into alkane hydroxylation by Pseudomonas putida AlkB | Biochemical Journal
Pseudomonas putida GPo1 alkane hydroxylase (AlkB) is an integral membrane protein that catalyses the hydroxylation of medium-chain alkanes (C3-C12). 1-Octyne irreversibly inhibits this non-haem di-iron mono-oxygenase under turnover conditions, suggesting that it acts as a mechanism-based inactivator. Upon binding to the active site, 1-octyne is postulated to be oxidized to an oxirene that rapidly rearranges to a reactive ketene which covalently acylates nearby residues, resulting in enzyme inactivation. In analysis of inactivated AlkB by LC-MS/MS, several residues exhibited a mass increase of 126.1 Da, corresponding to the octanoyl moiety derived from oxidative activation of 1-octyne. Mutagenesis studies of conserved acylated residues showed that Lys18 plays a critical role in enzyme function, as a single-point mutation of Lys18 to alanine (K18A) completely abolished enzymatic activity. Finally, we present a computational 3D model structure of the transmembrane domain of AlkB, which revealed the ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/460/2/283
Adsorption of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) on <em>Candida maltosa</em> EH 15 Strain: Influence on Cell Surface...Adsorption of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) on <em>Candida maltosa</em> EH 15 Strain: Influence on Cell Surface...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Adsorption of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) on Candida maltosa EH 15 Strain: Influence on Cell Surface Hydrophobicity and n-alkanes Biodegradation. AU - Chrzanowski, Łukasz AU - Owsianiak, Mikolaj. AU - Wyrwas, Bogdan AU - Aurich, Andreas AU - Szulc, Alicja AU - Olszanowski, Andrzej. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. N2 - The effect of exogenously added sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate (SDBS) surfactant on biodegradation of a mixture of straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbons (dodecane and hexadecane) and resulting cell surface hydrophobicity changes of Candida maltosa EH 15 were investigated. Results indicated that up to 75 mg/L SDBS improves the biodegradation potential of examined yeast. A decrease in hydrophobicity was observed when SDBS was supplemented in higher concentrations, having strong impact on biodegradation rates. Phase distribution of surfactant molecules was investigated using methylene blue active substances method (MBAS), accompanied by surface and interfacial ...
https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/adsorption-of-sodium-dodecylbenzenesulphonate-sdbs-on-emcandida-m
Calculated ionization potentials of the linear alkanes - Nottingham ePrintsCalculated ionization potentials of the linear alkanes - Nottingham ePrints
The equivalent orbital (EO) method is investigated and used for predicting outer and inner ionization potentials of the linear alkanes. The calculated ionization potentials are in good agreement with those observed in photoelectron spectra provided that a set of 12 parameters is used in the theory. An optimization technique is used to find the best values for thle parameters and a single transferable parameter set can be found which is applicable to all the n-alkanes. A good fit to the experimental results can only be obtained if the uppermost molecular orbital of the n-alkanes is an antisymmetrical orbital built up from CH equivalent orbitals.. ...
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/166/
A-level Chemistry/OCR (Salters)/Weak acids - Wikibooks, open books for an open worldA-level Chemistry/OCR (Salters)/Weak acids - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
The reason this is an approximation is that a very slightly higher concentration of H+(aq) exists in reality, due to the autodissociation of water, H2O(l) ⇌ H+(aq) + A−(aq). We neglect this effect since water produces a far lower concentration of H+(aq) than most weak acids. If you were studying an exceptionally weak acid (you wont at A-level), this assumption might begin to cause big problems ...
https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/A-level_Chemistry/OCR_
Alkane - WikipediaAlkane - Wikipedia
Tī piau-chún chōng-hóng hā, CH4 kàu C4H10 sī khì-thé, C5H12 kàu C17H36 sī e̍k-thé, C18H38 chi-āu tō lóng-sī kò͘-thé. In-ūi hun-chú ê tāng-liōng sī éng-hióng alkane hut-tiám tōa-sè ê chú-iàu in-sò͘, in-chhú alkane hun-chú ê hut-tiám hām hun-chú-liōng ê tōa-sè ū sòaⁿ-sèng koan-hē. Iû piⁿ-á ê chhu-sè-tô͘ ē-sái khòaⁿ-chhut: múi cheng-ka chi̍t-ê carbon, alkane hun-chú ê hut-tiám tō ē cheng-ka 20 kàu 30°C.[3] Ti̍t-liān alkane ê hut-tiám lóng pí ū hun-chi ê kôaiⁿ, in-ūi hun-chi ē kiám-chió hun-chú chi-kan ê chiap-chhiok piáu-bīn-chek, khì éng-hióng-tio̍h alkane hun-chú chi-kan ê van der Waals le̍k. Pí-lūn-kóng, pí-kàu n-butane kah isobutane (2-methylpropane), in-ê hut-tiám hun-pia̍t sī 0°C kah -12°C.[3] ...
https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane
Hydrocarbons, C16-C20, n-alkanes, isoalkanes,... - Registration Dossier - ECHAHydrocarbons, C16-C20, n-alkanes, isoalkanes,... - Registration Dossier - ECHA
Acute Fish Toxicity: Water accommodated fractions of hydrocarbons, C16-C20, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2-30%) did not cause acute toxicity to fish with rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss at a nominal loading of 1000 mg/l. These data are used as read-across data to hydrocarbons, C14-C18, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2 -30%). Chronic Fish Toxicity: Hydrocarbons, C16-C20, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2-30%)did not cause toxicity to fish ina 21-day toxicity study with Brachydanio rerio following standard test guidelines at a nominal loading of 5000 mg/l.These results indicate that hydrocarbons, C16-C20, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2-30%)is not expected to be chronically toxic to fish.These data are used as read-across data to hydrocarbons, C14-C18, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2-30%). Acute Invertebrate Toxicity: Water accommodated fractions of hydrocarbons, C16-C20, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2-30%) did not ...
https://www.echa.europa.eu/web/guest/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13564/6/2/1
Patente US7927480 - Process for desulfurization of cracked naphtha - Google PatentesPatente US7927480 - Process for desulfurization of cracked naphtha - Google Patentes
A process for the desulfurization of a fluid catalytically cracked naphtha wherein the valuable olefins are retained and recombinant mercaptans are prevented from forming, resulting in a low sulfur naphtha. Embodiments disclosed herein may allow for more flexibility in varying the end point of the naphtha used in gasoline blending.
http://www.google.es/patents/US7927480?dq=flatulence
Varnish makers naphtha and painters naphtha, CAS Number: 9072-35-9
Varnish makers naphtha and painters naphtha - chemical information, properties, structures, articles, patents and more chemical data.
http://www.chemindustry.com/chemicals/06678.html
Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans - microbewiki
1. Callaghan, A., Gieg, L., Kropp, K., Suflita, J. and Young, L. Comparison of mechanisms of alkane metabolism under sulfate-reducing conditions among two bacterial isolates and a bacterial consortium. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2006, DOI: 10.1128/AEM02896-05 2. Callaghan, A., Wawrik, B., Ní Chadhain, S., Young, L. and Zylstra, G. Anaerobic alkane-degrading strain AK-01 contains two alkylsuccinate synthase genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2008, DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.11.094 3. Callaghan, A., Morris, B., Pereira, I., McInerney, M., Austin, R., Groves, J., Kukor, J., Suflita, J., Young, L., Zylstra, G. and Wawrik, B. The genome sequence of Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans AK-01: a blueprint for anaerobic alkane oxidation. Environ Microbiol, 2012, DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02516.x 4. Canfield, D., Jorgensen, B., Fossing, H., Glud, R., Gundersen, J., Ramsing, N., Thamdrup, B., Hansen, J., Nielsen, L. and Hall, P. Pathways of organic carbon oxidation in three continental margin sediments. ...
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Desulfatibacillum_alkenivorans&oldid=78332
Difference between revisions of Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans - microbewiki
1. Callaghan, A., Gieg, L., Kropp, K., Suflita, J. and Young, L. Comparison of mechanisms of alkane metabolism under sulfate-reducing conditions among two bacterial isolates and a bacterial consortium. Appl Environ Microbiol, 2006, DOI: 10.1128/AEM02896-05 2. Callaghan, A., Wawrik, B., Ní Chadhain, S., Young, L. and Zylstra, G. Anaerobic alkane-degrading strain AK-01 contains two alkylsuccinate synthase genes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 2008, DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.11.094 3. Callaghan, A., Morris, B., Pereira, I., McInerney, M., Austin, R., Groves, J., Kukor, J., Suflita, J., Young, L., Zylstra, G. and Wawrik, B. The genome sequence of Desulfatibacillum alkenivorans AK-01: a blueprint for anaerobic alkane oxidation. Environ Microbiol, 2012, DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2011.02516.x 4. Canfield, D., Jorgensen, B., Fossing, H., Glud, R., Gundersen, J., Ramsing, N., Thamdrup, B., Hansen, J., Nielsen, L. and Hall, P. Pathways of organic carbon oxidation in three continental margin sediments. ...
https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php?title=Desulfatibacillum_alkenivorans&diff=78418&oldid=78393
Hydrocracking and hydroisomerization of long-chain alkanes and polyolefins over metal-promoted anion-modified transition metal...
A method of cracking a feedstock by contacting the feedstock with a metal-promoted anion-modified metal oxide catalyst in the presence of hydrogen gas. The metal oxide of the catalyst is one or more of ZrO.sub.2, HfO.sub.2, TiO.sub.2 and SnO.sub.2, and the feedstock is principally chains of at least 20 carbon atoms. The metal-promoted anion-modified metal oxide catalyst contains one or more of Pt, Ni, Pd, Rh, Ir, Ru, (Mn & Fe) or mixtures of them present between about 0.2% to about 15% by weight of the catalyst. The metal-promoted anion-modified metal oxide catalyst contains one or more of SO.sub.4, WO.sub.3, or mixtures of them present between about 0.5% to about 20% by weight of the catalyst.
http://techportal.eere.energy.gov/patent.do/ID=11233
Hydrocarbons, C9-C10, n-alkanes, isoalkanes,... - Registration Dossier - ECHAHydrocarbons, C9-C10, n-alkanes, isoalkanes,... - Registration Dossier - ECHA
Volatilisation is dependent on Henrys Constant (HC) which is not applicable to complex substances. However, HC values for representative structures are included in the PETRORISK spreadsheet attached to IUCLID Section 13. Henrys law constant for decane has been estimated in the Concawe library, using SPARC v4.2 program. The obtained value is 3.311 atm-m3/mol. Henrys law constant for undecane has been estimated in the Concawe library, using SPARC v4.2 program. The obtained value is 4.47 atm-m3/mol. Henrys law constant for dodecane has been estimated in the Concawe library, using SPARC v4.2 program. The obtained value is 6.17 atm-m3/mol. Henrys law constant for tetradecane has been estimated in the Concawe library, using SPARC v4.2 program. The obtained value is 11.48 atm-m3/mol. ...
https://echa.europa.eu/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15825/5/5/3
CiNii 論文 - Relation between Third-Phase Properties and Rate of Dehydrohalogenation of 2...
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between the properties and catalytic activity of the third phase in a phase transfer catalytic system. The conditions of formation of the third phase are investigated by changing the kind of phase transfer catalyst (PTC), organic solvents, and concentration of potassium hydroxide in the aqueous phase. When tetrabutylammonium bromide, (Bu),SUB,4,/SUB,NBr, is used as the phase transfer catalyst, the third phase is formed with both dodecane and toluene as organic solvents. On the other hand, when tetrahexylammonium bromide, (Hex),SUB,4,/SUB,NBr, is used as the phase transfer catalyst, the third phase forms with dodecane but not with toluene.,BR,The volume of the third phase, the base strength, the concentration of catalyst, water, and organic solvent in the third phase were measured. Solidification phenomena are observed for some cases of higher KOH concentrations in the aqueous phase.,BR,Dehydrohalogenation of 2-bromooctane in the ...
https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/10002066322
Dodecane, 1-bromoDodecane, 1-bromo
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
http://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi/InChI%3D1S/C12H25Br/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13/h2-12H2%2C1H3
Dodecane, 5-cyclohexylDodecane, 5-cyclohexyl
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/inchi?ID=C13151854&Mask=200
NWE benzenes premium to naphtha dips to 3.5 month low ~ News from Plastics IndustryNWE benzenes premium to naphtha dips to 3.5 month low ~ News from Plastics Industry
European benzenes premium to naphtha slipped to a 3.5 month low at the end of last week as benzene failed to keep pace with strengthening upstream markets, as per Platts. The spread between spot benzzene and its feedstock naphtha was assessed at US$363 ...
http://plastemart.blogspot.com/2013/07/nwe-benzenes-premium-to-naphtha-dips-to.html?widgetType=BlogArchive&widgetId=BlogArchive1&action=toggle&dir=open&toggle=MONTHLY-1265011200000&toggleopen=MONTHLY-1372662000000
Hydrogen isotopic composition of n-alkanes in sediments from freshwater Fuxian Lake in subtropical, China: Implications for the...
The normal alkanes (n-alkanes) and their hydrogen isotopic (δD) values in sediments and aquatic and terrestrial plants from Fuxian Lake area of China were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS), respectively. According to the δD values of the odd carbon-numbered n-alkanes, the sediment samples were divided into types I and II. The type I samples had a heavier hydrogen isotopic composition (-161 to -155‰ on average) compared to that of the type II samples (-208 to -173‰ on average). This isotopic difference is likely a result of their different biological sources. Similarity in the average n-alkane δD values in the sediments and plants indicated that C17 and C21 to C25 were mainly derived from aquatic submerged plants in... the lake, C27 and C29 mainly from woody plants from the surrounding area, and C31 and C33 principally from a mixture of terrestrial herbaceous and woody plants. The results further demonstrate that ...
http://d.scholar.cnki.net/detail/SJJS_U/SJJS762ED2A0B21D70732A189B35505291B3
What are the general formulae for alkanes, and for alkenes? | SocraticWhat are the general formulae for alkanes, and for alkenes? | Socratic
Alkanes.........C_nH_(2n+2) Olefins.........C_nH_(2n) Alkanes are saturated molecules. Their formulae correspond to C_nH_(2n+2). Try it out with methane, ethane,.....hexane. Olefins have ONE so-called degrees of unsaturation with respect to equivalent alkanes. For instance, compare the formula of ethylene and propylene, H_2C=CH_2, and H_3C-CH=CH_2, with that of their saturated precursors, H_3C-CH_3, and H_3C-CH_2CH_3. What are the C_nH_m formula? How many degrees of unsaturation does acetylene have? A degree of unsaturation corresponds to the presence of an olefinic bond, HC=CH, OR a ring junction (the ring junction reduces the overall hydrogen count by 2). Halogens count for 1 hydrogen, oxygens we ignore (though a carbonyl bond could be the source of unsaturation), and if there is nitrogen present we subtract NH from the formula before we assess saturation. For more details, see here. For a practical example of how we can use this idea to interrogate a formula see here.
https://socratic.org/questions/589ab43a11ef6b6a92d0b811
Patent US7968755 - Process and catalyst for converting alkanes - Google PatentsPatent US7968755 - Process and catalyst for converting alkanes - Google Patents
Methods and catalysts for producing alcohols, ethers, and/or alkenes from alkanes are provided. More particularly, novel caged, or encapsulated, metal oxide catalysts and processes utilizing such catalysts to convert alkanes to alcohols and/or ethers and to convert alcohols and/or ethers to alkenes are provided.
http://www.google.com/patents/US7968755?dq=6,970,917
Manganese alkane complexes: an IR and NMR spectroscopic investigation. - Semantic ScholarManganese alkane complexes: an IR and NMR spectroscopic investigation. - Semantic Scholar
Manganese propane and manganese butane complexes derived from CpMn(CO)(3) were generated photochemically at 130-136 K with the alkane as solvent and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and by (1)H NMR spectroscopy with in situ laser photolysis. Time-resolved IR spectroscopic measurements were performed at room temperature with the same laser wavelength. The ν(CO) bands in the IR spectra of the photoproducts in propane are shifted to low frequency with respect to CpMn(CO)(3), consistent with formation of CpMn(CO)(2)(propane). The (1)H NMR spectra conform to the criteria for alkane complexes: a high-field resonance for the η(2)-CH protons that shifts substantially on partial deuteration of the alkane and exhibits a coupling constant J(C-H) on (13)C-labeling of ca. 120 Hz. The NMR spectrum of each system exhibits two diagnostic product resonances in the high-field region for the η(2)-CH protons, corresponding to CpMn(CO)(2)(η(2)-C1-H-alkane) and CpMn(CO)(2)(η(2)-C2-H-alkane) isomers. Partial
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Manganese-alkane-complexes%3A-an-IR-and-NMR-spectros-Calladine-Duckett/f7ba7474dec950c4460b4d95011ce70f89a685f7
ASMscience | Diversity, Function, and
This chapter focuses on the aerobic degradation of hydrocarbons, with an emphasis on alkanes, and the applications of enzymes involved in these processes for biocatalysis. Yeasts and fungi are often mentioned as alkane degraders, for example in connection with the production of single-cell proteins or organic acids and amino acids from hydrocarbons. Soluble and particulate mono-oxygenases are known to oxidize the same compounds, and some of the gene diversity detected with primers that amplify membrane-bound methane mono-oxygenase (pMMO) and soluble MMO (sMMO) genes may well be due to short-chain alkane-degrading bacteria instead of methanotrophs. The application of oxygenases in biocatalytic processes is more complicated than that of enzymes such as hydrolases, because of cofactor and oxygen requirements, the sensitive nature of many oxygenases, the toxicity of substrates and products to the biocatalyst, and the uptake of the lipophilic substrates. The best strain in this study was a hexane-degrading
https://www.asmscience.org/content/book/10.1128/9781555817589.chap13
Involvement of an Alkane Hydroxylase System of Gordonia sp. Strain SoCg in Degradation of Solid n-Alkanes | Applied and...Involvement of an Alkane Hydroxylase System of Gordonia sp. Strain SoCg in Degradation of Solid n-Alkanes | Applied and...
Many bacteria capable of degrading long-chain alkanes have been isolated, and the enzyme systems that oxidize long-chain n-alkanes up to C16 have been characterized (see references 18, 26, and 30 for reviews). Although long-chain alkanes are more persistent in the environment than shorter-chain alkanes, genes involved in degradation of n-alkanes longer than C16 had not been reported prior to the work of Throne-Holst et al. (25) and Feng et al. (5). A flavin-binding monooxygenase involved in oxidation of very-long-chain n-alkanes up to C32 has been characterized in Acinetobacter sp. strain DSM17874 (25), and LadA from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2 is the first long-chain n-alkane monooxygenase functional on alkanes in the range from C15 to C36 to be cloned and structurally characterized from a Gram-positive strain (5). Both enzymes show little or no homology with the widespread and well-characterized AlkB-type alkane hydroxylases usually reported as being functional on long-chain ...
https://aem.asm.org/content/77/4/1204
Cloning and gene expression of cytochrome P450 gene from Alcanivorax borkumensis BacteriumCloning and gene expression of cytochrome P450 gene from Alcanivorax borkumensis Bacterium
Alcanivorax borkumensis is a marine bacterium that has ability to grow on limited substrates that mainly is alkanes. The ability to use wide range of hydrocarbons is advantage of this bacterium to other marine community bacteria. A. borkumensis have two genetic systems for alkane biodegradation. The First system is alkane hydroxylase (alk-B1and alk-B2) and the second system is cytochrome P450. Until now there is not any report on cloning of cytochrome P450 gene of A. borkumensis. In this study cytochrome P450 gene from A. borkumensis was cloned. At first P450 gene was cloned in pBluescript plasmid by blunt cloning and insertion was confirmed by colony PCR. Then P450 gene was cloned in PET-26 expression vector and finally, IPTG induced gene expression in E.coli BL-21 bacterium. It was shown that longer induction time led to more expression level. The recombinant enzyme has difference absorbance in 450 nm that confirmed the activity of this recombinant enzyme.
http://www.ijabbr.com/article_7034.html
Genetic Evaluation of Peroxisomal and Cytosolic Acetoacetyl-CoA Thiolase Isozymes in n-Alkane-Assimilating Diploid Yeast,...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Genetic Evaluation of Peroxisomal and Cytosolic Acetoacetyl-CoA Thiolase Isozymes in n-Alkane-Assimilating Diploid Yeast, Candida tropicalis. AU - Ueda, Mitsuyoshi. AU - Kanayama, Naoki. AU - Tanaka, Atsuo. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. N2 - The n-alkane-assimilating diploid yeast, Candida tropicalis, possesses two acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase (Thiolase I) isozymes encoded by one allele: peroxisomal and cytosolic Thiolase Is encoded by both CT-T1A and CT-T1B. To clarify the function of peroxisomal and cytosolic Thiolase Is, the site-directed mutation leading Thiolase I ΔC6 without a putative C-terminal peroxisomal targeting signal was introduced on CT-T1A locus in the ct-t1bΔ-null mutant. The C-terminus-truncated Thiolase I was active and solely present in the cytosol. Although the ct-t1aΔ/t1bΔ-null mutants showed mevalonate auxotrophy, the mutants having the C-terminus-truncated Thiolase I did not require mevalonate for growth, as did the strains having cytosolic Thiolase I. These ...
https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/genetic-evaluation-of-peroxisomal-and-cytosolic-acetoacetyl-coa-t
Alkane | definition of alkane by Medical dictionaryAlkane | definition of alkane by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of alkane in the Medical Dictionary? alkane explanation free. What is alkane? Meaning of alkane medical term. What does alkane mean?
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/alkane
Effect of a Pseudomonas rhamnolipid biosurfactant on cell hydrophobicity and biodegradation of octadecane<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of a Pseudomonas rhamnolipid biosurfactant on cell hydrophobicity and biodegradation of octadecane. AU - Zhang, Y.. AU - Miller, R. M.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1994. Y1 - 1994. N2 - In this study, the effect of a purified rhamnolipid biosurfactant on the hydrophobicity of octadecane-degrading cells was investigated to determine whether differences in rates of octadecane biodegradation resulting from the addition of rhamnolipid to four strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa could be related to measured differences in hydrophobicity. Cell hydrophobicity was determined by a modified bacterial adherence to hydrocarbon (BATH) assay. Bacterial adherence to hydrocarbon quantitates the preference of cell surfaces for the aqueous phase or the aqueous-hexadecane interface in a two- phase system of water and hexadecane. On the basis of octadecane biodegradation in the absence of rhamnolipid, the four bacterial strains were divided into two ...
https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/effect-of-a-pseudomonas-rhamnolipid-biosurfactant-on-cell-hydroph
Gordonia sp. SoCg alkB gene confers the ability to degrade and use n-alkanes as carbon source in Gram positive bacteria | IRIS...Gordonia sp. SoCg alkB gene confers the ability to degrade and use n-alkanes as carbon source in Gram positive bacteria | IRIS...
Gordonia sp. SoCg, a Gram positive strain able to grow on long chain n-alkanes1, possess a single copy of alkB2 gene, whose product is required for n-alkane hydroxylation3. An analysis of alkB flanking regions revealed five ORFs which were designed as orf1, rubA3, rubA4, rubB and alkU, according to the sequence 14 homology with that of known alk clusters3. In G. sp. SoCg the transcription of these genes was induced by long-chain and solid n-alkanes as revealed by quantitative RT-PCR, and the essential role of alkB in nalkane degradation was demonstrated by the construction of an alkB disruption mutant strain3. The SoCg alkB gene was successfully expressed in Streptomyces coelicolor M145 (M145-AH), and the production of 1-hexadecanol from n-hexadecane oxidation was observed3. A differential study of global gene expression of M145-AH cultures was performed, where n-hexadecane (C16) glucose (GLU) and none (NC) were provided as only carbon source, respectively. Proteomic analysis, based on 2D-DIGE ...
https://iris.unipa.it/handle/10447/60034
IPBiz: US app 854: METABOLICALLY ENGINEERED METHANOTROPHIC, PHOTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISMSIPBiz: US app 854: METABOLICALLY ENGINEERED METHANOTROPHIC, PHOTOTROPHIC MICROORGANISMS
0004] Provided herein are recombinant phototrophic microorganisms, comprising one or more alkane oxidation genes whose expression results in oxidation of alkanes and assimilation of the resulting products into the central metabolic pathways in phototrophic organisms such as cyanobacteria. The one or more alkane oxidation genes can be an alkane monooxygenase, an alcohol dehydrogenase or an aldehyde assimilatory gene. The recombinant photosynthetic organism converts the entire feed of alkane into the targeted product because it uses sunlight to provide energy and oxygen needed for oxidation of alkanes. Having the ability to couple oxidation of alkanes such as methane with sunlight in the recombinant phototrophic organism and energy can allow molecules of interest (e.g., butanol) to be produced biologically from natural gas in an efficient and cost effective manner. Because the recombinant phototrophic organism converts alkanes into metabolic products that are natively part of central metabolic ...
http://ipbiz.blogspot.com/2015/04/us-app-854-metabolically-engineered.html
Hydrocarbons, C16-C20, n-alkanes, isoalkanes,... - Registration Dossier - ECHAHydrocarbons, C16-C20, n-alkanes, isoalkanes,... - Registration Dossier - ECHA
The acute toxicity of Hydrocarbons, C16-C20, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2-30%), as measured by mortality to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was evaluated in freshwater. Under the conditions of this study, Hydrocarbons, C16-C20, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2-30%) did not produce acute lethal toxicity to Oncorhynchus mykiss at 1000 mg/l, based on nominal loading of the test substance in water. These data are used as read-across data to hydrocarbons, C14 -C18, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2 -30%). In another study, the acute toxicity of Hydrocarbons, C16-C20, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2-30%), as measured by mortality to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was evaluated in freshwater. Under the conditions of this study, Hydrocarbons, C16-C20, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, aromatics (2-30%) did not produce acute lethal toxicity to Oncorhynchus mykiss at 1000 mg/l, based on nominal loading of the test substance in water. These data ...
https://chesar.echa.europa.eu/web/guest/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/13564/6/2/2
organic chemistry - How are alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes homologous series since they have no functional group attached? -...organic chemistry - How are alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes homologous series since they have no functional group attached? -...
For the linear alkanes, the internal methylene groups $\left(-\ce{CH2}-\right)$ are considered to be the functional group defining the homologous series:. $$ \ce{H3C-\underline{(\ce{CH2})_n}-CH3}~,~~n\geq 0 \tag{n-alkanes} $$. Alternatively, this series is defined by the absence of any particular functional group other than methyl and methylene.. Ethane, $\ce{C2H6}$ is the member of the series for $n=0$. Technically, one could exclude methane, $\ce{CH4}$, from the series, since it doesnt have two capping methyl groups. However, to my knowledge its usually considered part of the series as a special case.. For the 1-alkenes and 1-alkynes, the double and triple bonded carbons are the functional groups defining the series:. $$ \ce{H3C-(CH2)_n-\underline{\ce{CH=CH2}}} ~,~~n\geq 0 \tag{1-alkenes} $$. $$ \ce{H3C-(CH2)_n-\underline{\ce{C#CH}}} ~,~~n\geq 0 \tag{1-alkynes} $$. Parallel to the alkanes, the shortest official members of the two series are technically propene ...
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/63220/how-are-alkanes-alkenes-and-alkynes-homologous-series-since-they-have-no-funct
A theoretical study of normal alkane combustion :: University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses
Basic understanding of the combustion kinetics of jet fuels is critical to optimal design of gas-turbine engines. Because jet fuels contain a large number of compounds, a current approach to their combustion kinetics is to use a surrogate, containing several compounds, to mimic jet-fuel behaviors. Towards the goal of developing a combustion kinetic model for jet-fuel surrogates, a theoretical study was undertook here, focusing largely on a particular class of surrogate component, namely, the normal alkanes.; To develop a combustion reaction model for fuel surrogates requires a reliable H2/CO/C1-C4 combustion sub-model as its foundation. Therefore, a significant portion of the current work is to improve H2/CO/C1-C4 high-temperature combustion model through a critical evaluation of rate parameters, theoretical studies for several key reactions, ab initio calculations of thermochemical properties, and validation tests against a wide range of experimental data.; Notably, the kinetics of reactions ...
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/84124/rec/8
A theoretical study of normal alkane combustion :: University of Southern California Dissertations and Theses
Basic understanding of the combustion kinetics of jet fuels is critical to optimal design of gas-turbine engines. Because jet fuels contain a large number of compounds, a current approach to their combustion kinetics is to use a surrogate, containing several compounds, to mimic jet-fuel behaviors. Towards the goal of developing a combustion kinetic model for jet-fuel surrogates, a theoretical study was undertook here, focusing largely on a particular class of surrogate component, namely, the normal alkanes.; To develop a combustion reaction model for fuel surrogates requires a reliable H2/CO/C1-C4 combustion sub-model as its foundation. Therefore, a significant portion of the current work is to improve H2/CO/C1-C4 high-temperature combustion model through a critical evaluation of rate parameters, theoretical studies for several key reactions, ab initio calculations of thermochemical properties, and validation tests against a wide range of experimental data.; Notably, the kinetics of reactions ...
http://digitallibrary.usc.edu/cdm/compoundobject/collection/p15799coll127/id/84124/rec/9
Expanding anaerobic alkane metabolism in the domain of Archaea - Research Achievements - School of Life Sciences and...
Anaerobic methane metabolism is solely conducted by Archaea, through a unique pathway with the key enzyme methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) for methane activation/production. Recently, the MCR-based pathway was also found in propane and n-butane oxidation and related genes was also found actively expressed in natural environment. In this study, we then made a global metagenome-based survey of mcr containing archaeal genomes. Methane metabolizing archaea were found present in various environments such as lakes, hot springs, marine environments. In addition to the Euryarchaeota and Bathyarchaeota, MAGs (metagenome assembled genomes) harbouring mcr genes were found belonging to diverse archaeal lineages including such as the Korarchaeota, Hadesarchaeota, Verstraetearchaeota, Nezhaarchaeota (a new archaeal group named in this study using the Chinese mythological character Nezha, who flies on the wind and fire wheels), far more diversified than ever recognized. The finding of anaerobic alkane ...
http://www.drfband.com/En/Data/View/3433
Naphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy - Registration Dossier - ECHANaphtha (petroleum), hydrotreated heavy - Registration Dossier - ECHA
Both the human and animal data indicate that exposure to high levels of gasoline can produce acute central nervous system depression. There is also evidence from the clinical literature that repeated exposure to gasoline at very high levels, under abuse conditions, can produce more profound central nervous system effects. Less clear is the degree to which these effects may have been due to the lead additives as opposed to the hydrocarbon constituents. There is little evidence of chronic neurological effects in humans exposed repeatedly at lower, occupational levels. The animal data provide little experimental support for chronic neurological effects from either unleaded gasoline or naphtha blending stocks. Initial studies with wholly vaporized unleaded gasoline provided evidence of exacerbation of normal, age-related changes. However, subsequent studies with gasoline vapor and naphtha blending stocks had no clear or reproducible effects on motor activity, produced no functional changes, and did ...
https://www.echa.europa.eu/lt/web/guest/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/15475/7/10/1
High export duties for gasoline, naphtha to stay in Russia | Market Report Company - analytics, Prices, polyethylene,...High export duties for gasoline, naphtha to stay in Russia | Market Report Company - analytics, Prices, polyethylene,...
(plastemart) -- The Russian government has no plans to change the export duty on crude oil and products, including high export duties for gasoline and naphtha.In May 2011, the government introduced export duties for gasoline and naphtha at ...
http://www.mrcplast.com/news-news_open-191681.html
Data table of carboxylic acids boiling point trend melting points solubility in water hydrogen bonding dimer odours smells...
The red line graph shows the boiling point of alkanes from methane CH4 (boiling point -164oC/109 K) to tetradecane C14H30 (boiling point 254oC/527 K). [Remember K = oC + 273] Note: The red line represents linear alkanes in all the graphs 1-3 and is a useful baseline to compare the intermolecular bonding present in other homologous series of non-cyclic aliphatic compounds.. So, in this discussion we are comparing the red line (linear alkanes) with the linear aliphatic monocarboxylic molecule AND comparing molecules with a similar number of electrons.. A plot of number of electrons in any molecule of a homologous series versus its boiling point (K) shows a steady rise with a gradually decreasing gradient.. I consider this the best for comparison of the effects of intermolecular bonding between different homologous series i.e. carbon chains with a different end functional group.. REMINDER: Intermolecular forces are all about partially positive (δ+) sites and partially negative (δ ) sites on ...
https://docbrown.info/page06/rcoohderivs2.htm
IUPAC Nomenclature - Branched Chain Alkanes, Cyclic Compounds Unsaturated Compounds | Brilliant Math & Science WikiIUPAC Nomenclature - Branched Chain Alkanes, Cyclic Compounds Unsaturated Compounds | Brilliant Math & Science Wiki
The IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) nomenclature of organic chemistry is the standardized official naming rule of organic compounds, developed by the IUPAC. In this page we will discuss the IUPAC naming of alkanes, branched-chain alkanes, alkanes with substituents, and cycloalkanes. In organic chemistry, a number of prefixes, suffixes and infixes are used to describe the type and position of functional groups in the compound. The steps for naming an organic compound …
https://brilliant.org/wiki/iupac-nomenclature-branched-chain-alkanes-cyclic/
Biocatalytic production of perillyl alcohol from limonene by using a novel Mycobacterium sp cytochrome P450 alkane hydroxylase...Biocatalytic production of perillyl alcohol from limonene by using a novel Mycobacterium sp cytochrome P450 alkane hydroxylase...
Biocatalytic production of perillyl alcohol from limonene by using a novel Mycobacterium sp cytochrome P450 alkane hydroxylase expressed in Pseudomonas ...
https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/handle/20.500.11850/33199?locale-attribute=de
Patente US3758410 - Vicinal substituted alkanes - Google PatentesPatente US3758410 - Vicinal substituted alkanes - Google Patentes
United States Patent O 3,758,410 VICINAL SUBSTITUTED ALKANES Shih K. Lin, St. Louis, Mo., assignor to Monsanto Company, St. Louis, M0. N Drawing. Continuation-in-part of applications Ser. No. 710,644, Mar. 5, 1968, and Ser. No. 852,898, Aug. 25, 1969, both now abandoned. This application Apr. 21, 1971, Ser. No. 136,249 Int. Cl. Clld 3/075 U.S. Cl. 252-89 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Mixtures of internal position isomers of vicinally disubstituted linear alkanes wherein the alkyl chain contains from 15 to 17 carbon atoms and the substituents are hydroxy or alkoxy groups, at least one of the substituents being alkoxy groups, are effective surfactants. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Field of the invention This application is a continuation-in-part of US. patent application, Ser. No. 710,644, filed Mar. 5, 1968 and US. patent application, Ser. No. 852,898, filed Aug. 25, 1969, both of said applications now abandoned. This invention relates to novel surfactant compositions and to detergent ...
http://www.google.es/patents/US3758410
Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Liquid-liquid equilibrium of ternary systems 1-butyl-3...
Liquid-liquid equilibrium data for the ternary systems nonane + benzene + [bmim][PF6], nonane + toluene + [bmim][PF6], nonane + m-xylene + [bmim][PF6], undecane + benzene + [bmim][PF6], undecane + toluene + [bmim][PF6], undecane + m-xylene + [bmim][PF6]) were determined at 298.15 K. Binodal curves were obtained by the cloud point method, while tie-line compositions were obtained by density and UV spectrophotometry measurements. In all cases the two-phase region is large and wide. The values of distribution coefficients and selectivities indicate that the ionic liquid [bmim][PF6] is a good solvent for the extraction of aromatic from aliphatic compounds. The consistency of the tie-line data was ascertained by applying the Othmer-Tobias correlation. The experimental LLE data were correlated through the well-known NRTL model for the activity coefficient, with estimation of new interaction energy parameters, using the Simplex minimization method and a composition-based objective function. The ...
http://taurus.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/52400
Effect of vertical vibration and particle size on the solids hold-up and mean bubble behavior in a pseudo-2D fluidized bedEffect of vertical vibration and particle size on the solids hold-up and mean bubble behavior in a pseudo-2D fluidized bed
The solids hold-up and mean bubble behavior in a vertically-vibrated fluidized bed are experimentally studied in the present work by Means of Digital Image Analysis (DIA) for four different powders with Geldart classifications A, B and A/B. The bed has a small The solids hold-up and mean bubble behavior in a vertically-vibrated fluidized bed are experimentally studied in the present work by Means of Digital Image Analysis (DIA) for four different powders with Geldart classifications A, B and A/B. The bed has a small thickness (i.e. pseudo-2D bed) and operates in bubbling regime subject to a wide range of gas superficial velocities, vibration frequencies and vibration amplitudes. Mean parameters of the bed and the bubbles, such as solids hold-up, bubble fraction, bubble number density and bubble diameter and velocity, are characterized here by averaging the results over time and space. The results reveal that vibration of the bed promotes a confinement of the bubble path to the central section of ...
https://e-archivo.uc3m.es/handle/10016/32430
Simultaneous Biodegradation of Phenol and n-Hexadecane by Cryogel Immobilized Biosurfactant Producing Strain Rhodococcus...Simultaneous Biodegradation of Phenol and n-Hexadecane by Cryogel Immobilized Biosurfactant Producing Strain Rhodococcus...
Materials and Methods. Microorganism, media and cultivation. The R. wratislawiensis BN38, employed in this study was isolated from soil polluted with hydrocarbons by a standard enrichment technique (Tuleva et al., 2008). Minimal salt medium (MSM) with the following composition (g/l): K2HPO4.3H2O, 4.8; KH2PO4, 1.5; (NH4)2SO4, 1.0; MgSO4.7H2O, 0.2; supplemented with trace element solution (mg/l): CaCl2.2H2O, 2.0; MnCl2.4H2O, 0.4; NiCl2.6H2O, 0.4; ZnSO4.7H2O, 0.4; FeCl3.6H2O, 0.2; Na2MoO4.2H2O, 0.2 and phenol and n-hexadecane at 500 mg/l, unless otherwise mentioned, was used. The pH of the medium was adjusted to 7.0. The MSM was solidified as MSM phenol agar by addition of 1.8 % agar when necessary. Cultures grown on MSM agar supplemented with 500 mg/l phenol were used to inoculate 500 ml Erlenmeyer flasks, containing 100 ml liquid MSM. At each cycle MSM was supplemented to 100 ml with fresh sterile medium without cell transfer and only phenol was added. Cultures were incubated during the long-term ...
http://www.pjmonline.org/simultaneous-biodegradation-of-phenol-and-n-hexadecane-by-cryogel-immobilized-biosurfactant-producing-strain-rhodococcus-wratislawiensis-bn38/
Numerical Modelling of Droplet Evaporation with Convection for N-Alkanes and Kerosene Fuel - raiithNumerical Modelling of Droplet Evaporation with Convection for N-Alkanes and Kerosene Fuel - raiith
n this work, a simple numerical model of the evaporation process of a single droplet of various fuels, e.g., n-alkanes (n-decane, n-hexane, and n-heptane) and kerosene is evaluated with various correlations at standard pressure (0.1 MPa) and various uniform temperature fields. The effect of natural, forced or combined convection is explored using an effective Reynolds number (Reeff). Studies are performed for n-alkanes and kerosene droplets and have been compared with the empirical data available in the literature for the temporal variation of droplet diameter, droplet surface temperature, and average evaporation rate constants at various temperatures under free-stream and quiescent conditions. A good match is observed for a particular property rule (Eq. 10), with different convective correlations, depending on the convective conditions present.. ...
http://raiith.iith.ac.in/1271/
Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
was isolated from this hydrocarbon-contaminated wastewater and examined for its ability to utilize hexadecane. This strain was capable to grow on n-hexadecane as the sole source of carbon and energy. The ability of the isolate to degrade nhexadecane was assessed by growth assays and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis. Using GC analysis, it was shown that the strain KSS1060 was able to degrade 62 % of n-hexadecane within 6 days, which mostly (51.6 %) occurred within the first 24 h. Identification of this hexadecane-degrader bacterium was carried out using 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Additionally, characterization of chemical composition of wastewater samples by the use of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis indicated the presence of Hexanal, Benzene methanol, Indanol, 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid diethyl ester, diisobutyl phthalate, and Phenol,4,4-(1- methylethylidene) in the major constituents of wastewater. In conclusion, this study can focus on more costefficient ...
http://www.bioline.org.br/abstract?id=st15040&lang=en
Physical structure and expression of alkBA encoding alkane hydroxylase and rubredoxin reductase from Pseudomonas maltophilia. ...Physical structure and expression of alkBA encoding alkane hydroxylase and rubredoxin reductase from Pseudomonas maltophilia. ...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8573125?dopt=Abstract
Aliphatic hydrocarbon synonyms, Aliphatic hydrocarbon antonyms - FreeThesaurus.comAliphatic hydrocarbon synonyms, Aliphatic hydrocarbon antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Synonyms for Aliphatic hydrocarbon in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for Aliphatic hydrocarbon. 13 words related to aliphatic compound: acetylene, alkyne, ethyne, alicyclic compound, alkene, olefin, olefine, organic compound, alkane, alkane series.... What are synonyms for Aliphatic hydrocarbon?
https://www.freethesaurus.com/Aliphatic+hydrocarbon
Department of ChemistryDepartment of Chemistry
We are examining the reaction surface for alkanes in the coordination sphere of Rh and Ir complexes. It is generally believed now that oxidative addition and reductive elimination of alkanes to transition metal centers involve complexes of intact alkanes (sigma complexes) as intermediates, and considerable effect is widely going into trying to discern their properties and to observe them directly. We are investigating their intramolecular reactivity properties with respect to their barriers for oxidative addition, reductive elimination, migration of the metal about the intact alkane, and alkane dissociation, and competition for re-coordination of different hydrocarbons to the rhodium center. All of these processes must be central to any catalytic reaction for the modification or functionalization of alkanes mediated by these metals. Shown below is an example of a rhodium complex under investigation which exhibits migration of rhodium from C1 to C10 of its decyl group. Evidence strongly ...
http://chem.usc.edu/faculty/Flood.html
ChemIDplus - 68131-80-6 - Distillates (petroleum), steam-cracked, polymers with acid-treated coal solvent naphtha and phenol -...ChemIDplus - 68131-80-6 - Distillates (petroleum), steam-cracked, polymers with acid-treated coal solvent naphtha and phenol -...
68131-80-6 - Distillates (petroleum), steam-cracked, polymers with acid-treated coal solvent naphtha and phenol - Searchable synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.
https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/68131-80-6
Daniel Freitig, Naphtha Israel Petroleum Corp Ltd: Profile & Biography - BloombergDaniel Freitig, Naphtha Israel Petroleum Corp Ltd: Profile & Biography - Bloomberg
Daniel Freitig is Internal Auditor at Naphtha Israel Petroleum Corp Ltd. See Daniel Freitigs compensation, career history, education, & memberships.
https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/people/18280679-daniel-freitig
Introduction to polymers: 3.2.1 Thermal cracking - OpenLearn - Open University - T838 1
The fractionated naphtha is divided into two streams, one to the thermal cracker (olefin plant) and the other to the reformer (aromatics plant). The exit streams are separated and individual chemicals subjected to separate treatments depending on the intermediates, monomers or polymers required.. A highly paraffinic naphtha is thus the best cracking feedstock for high yields of ethylene, and Figure 33 shows the kind of product distribution from a Kuwaiti naphtha under various cracking conditions. The major co-products - ethylene, propylene, butadiene (C4H6), mixed butene/butane (C4H8, C4H10) and pyrolysis gasoline (C5+) − vary in concentration depending on cracking severity. With naphthas derived from other crudes, the product distribution will be quite different (see Box 7). The proportion of unwanted byproducts like hydrogen, methane and carbon coke (not shown in the figure, but which gradually accumulate within the cracking tubes) increases with cracking severity. However, the product ...
http://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/science/chemistry/introduction-polymers/content-section-3.2.1
icd - Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-dependent) - Alcanivorax borkumensis (strain ATCC 700651 / DSM 11573 / NCIMB 13689 / SK2) ...icd - Isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-dependent) - Alcanivorax borkumensis (strain ATCC 700651 / DSM 11573 / NCIMB 13689 / SK2) ...
p>The checksum is a form of redundancy check that is calculated from the sequence. It is useful for tracking sequence updates.,/p> ,p>It should be noted that while, in theory, two different sequences could have the same checksum value, the likelihood that this would happen is extremely low.,/p> ,p>However UniProtKB may contain entries with identical sequences in case of multiple genes (paralogs).,/p> ,p>The checksum is computed as the sequence 64-bit Cyclic Redundancy Check value (CRC64) using the generator polynomial: x,sup>64,/sup> + x,sup>4,/sup> + x,sup>3,/sup> + x + 1. The algorithm is described in the ISO 3309 standard. ,/p> ,p class=publication>Press W.H., Flannery B.P., Teukolsky S.A. and Vetterling W.T.,br /> ,strong>Cyclic redundancy and other checksums,/strong>,br /> ,a href=http://www.nrbook.com/b/bookcpdf.php>Numerical recipes in C 2nd ed., pp896-902, Cambridge University Press (1993),/a>),/p> Checksum:i ...
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q0VQ19
Deep Fluid Activity in Central Tarim Basin and Its Heating Effects on Hydrocarbon Generation and Accumulation--《Journal of...Deep Fluid Activity in Central Tarim Basin and Its Heating Effects on Hydrocarbon Generation and Accumulation--《Journal of...
Based on data from drilling core,analysis assay and seismic data of the Central Tarim area,the authors deal systematically with the activities and mechanism of the deep fluid as well as its thermal effect on hydrocarbon accumulation.Based on the study for hydrothermal mineralization and alteration of Ordovician rock,paleo-thermal anomaly,inorganic CO_2 gas reservoir,inclusion temperature measurement and so on,the following conclusions are arrived: throught seismic,volcano or other variable channels such as fault,unconformity and so on,the deep fluid migrated upwards.Such fluid could improve not only the hydrocarbon-generation quantity and rate,but also lower the residual organic content in source rock and affects the hydrocarbon source rock evaluation.Deep fluid both has the destructive role of hydrothermal calcite filling and the constructive role of hydrothermal corrosion and hydrothermal secondary minerals for the gas reservoir.During the process of upward migration,abnormal high pressure caused by
http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-CCDZ201002006.htm
KAKEN - Research Projects | Primary Decomposition Processes of Liquid Alkanes Studied by Picosecond Pulse Radiolysis (KAKENHI...KAKEN - Research Projects | Primary Decomposition Processes of Liquid Alkanes Studied by Picosecond Pulse Radiolysis (KAKENHI...
Principal Investigator：YOSHIDA Yoichi, Project Period (FY)：1995 - 1996, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Section：一般, Research Field：エネルギー学一般・原子力学
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07680532/
Application Of Cellulose Nanocrystals For Stabilizing Liquid-Liquid An by Sanjiv ParajuliApplication Of Cellulose Nanocrystals For Stabilizing Liquid-Liquid An by Sanjiv Parajuli
Cellulose nanocrystals and their interactions with different surfactants in high ionic strength brine were studied to produce stable liquid-liquid interface (emulsions) and gas-liquid (foams) for potential application in underground CO2 storage, enhanced oil recovery, and biodegradation of crude oil at marine oil-spill sites. Three different but related studies were carried out to complete these objectives. Interfacial and surface properties of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and surfactants were studied in high ionic strength (I) brines and correlated to the stability of Pickering emulsions and foams in the presence of three different surfactants viz: Bis-(2-hydroxyethyl) cocoalkylamine (CAA), dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) and Octyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (OGP). Emulsion stability studies revealed that ionic strength, wettability, adsorption energy, and oil content strongly affect emulsion stability, more so than surfactant adsorption. DTAB increased the stability of dodecane in SSW emulsions.
https://egrove.olemiss.edu/etd/1836/
Coralyne cation, a fluorescent probe for general detection in planar chromatography
A large number of analytes, including non-fluorescent ones, can be sensitively detected by fluorescence scanning densitometry using silica gel HPTLC plates impregnated with a solution of coralyne cation. This is carried out by the variation, increase or decrease, that the corresponding analyte induces on native coralyne emission at a given excitation wavelength. A similar phenomenon was previously described for berberine cation, and Reichardts dye probes. However, the sensitivity of coralyne in HPTLC detection of non-fluorescent, structurally different analytes (e.g., long-chain alkanes, alcohols, alkylbromides, neutral lipids) is superior to that of the above-mentioned probes. In this work, the analytical viability of this phenomenon for HPTLC detection using coralyne as a probe is explored, and fluorescent responses of a number of analytes on the coralyne system are rationalized in the light of a previously proposed model. This establishes that the resulting intensity for a probe in the ...
http://dspace.mediu.edu.my:8181/xmlui/handle/10261/5169
CCCC 1991, Volume 56, Issue 11, Abstracts pp. 2382-2388 | Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications
The synthesis of a series of polymethylene chain-bridged 8-azapurines as potential DNA intercalating agents is described. N,N-Bis(5-amino-6-chloro-4-pyrimidyl)-1,3-diaminopropane (III), N,N-bis(5-amino-6chloro-4-pyrimidyl)-1,8-diaminooctane (IV), and N,N-bis(5-amino-6-chloro-4-pyrimidyl)-1,12-diaminododecane (V) were synthesized from 5-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine (I) and 1,3-diaminopropane (II, n = 3), 1,8-diaminooctane (II, n = 8), and 1,12-diaminododecane (II, n = 12), respectively, as the starting materials. 1,3-Bis(6-chloro-9-purinyl)propane (VI), 1,8-bis(6-chloro-9-purinyl)octane (VII), and 1,12-bis(6-chloro-9-purinyl)dodecane (VIII) were prepared by acid-catalyzed reaction of the corresponding pyrimidines III-V with triethyl orthoformate in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The polymethylene chain-bridged 6-hydroxy-8-azapurines XII-XIV were obtained via diazotization of the corresponding pyrimidines. The spectral data and other physical properties of the new compounds have been determined.. ...
http://cccc.uochb.cas.cz/56/11/2382/
7-[(Hydroxy-2-thienyl-3-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-Oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonane Bro7-[(Hydroxy-2-thienyl-3-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-Oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonane Bro
Buy 7-[(Hydroxy-2-thienyl-3-thienylacetyl)oxy]-9,9-dimethyl-3-Oxa-9-azoniatricyclo[3.3.1.02,4]nonane Bro online at LGC Standards, high-quality reference standards for pharmaceutical testing.
https://us.lgcstandards.com/US/en/7-Hydroxy-2-thienyl-3-thienylacetyl-oxy-9-9-dimethyl-3-Oxa-9-azoniatricyclo-3-3-1-02-4-nonane-Bro/p/TRC-H962025-5MG
BENZOPHENONE UNLABELED 100 UG/ML IN NONANE - Creative Proteomics
Creative-Proteomics offer cas 119-61-9 BENZOPHENONE UNLABELED 100 UG/ML IN NONANE. We are specialized in manufacturing Stabel Isotope Labeled Analytical Standard products.
https://www.creative-proteomics.com/product/detail-cpil101044_33943.htm
DICHLORVOS UNLABELED 100 UG/ML IN NONANE - Creative Proteomics
Creative-Proteomics offer cas 62-73-7 DICHLORVOS UNLABELED 100 UG/ML IN NONANE. We are specialized in manufacturing Stabel Isotope Labeled Analytical Standard products.
https://www.creative-proteomics.com/product/detail-cpil100919_33772.htm
ChemIDplus - CL54950100 - 3-Azabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane, 9-alpha-methoxy-3-methyl-9-beta-phenyl-, citrate (1:1) - Searchable...ChemIDplus - CL54950100 - 3-Azabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane, 9-alpha-methoxy-3-methyl-9-beta-phenyl-, citrate (1:1) - Searchable...
CL54950100 - 3-Azabicyclo(3.3.1)nonane, 9-alpha-methoxy-3-methyl-9-beta-phenyl-, citrate (1:1) - Searchable synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.
https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/sid/cl54950100
PROCESS OF MAKING AN ARTICLE FOR DISSOLUTION UPON USE TO DELIVER SURFACTANTS - Patent applicationPROCESS OF MAKING AN ARTICLE FOR DISSOLUTION UPON USE TO DELIVER SURFACTANTS - Patent application
0128] The Article provides a lather profile as described hereafter. The lather volume assessment is performed on 15 g/10 inch flat Oriental virgin hair switches that have been treated with 0.098 g of artificial liquid sebum [10-22% olive oil, 18-20% coconut oil, 18-20% oleic acid, 5-9% lanolin, 5-9% squalene, 3-6% palmitic acid, 3-6% paraffin oil, 3-6% dodecane, 1-4% stearic acid, 1-4% cholesterol, 1-4% coconut fatty acid, 18-20% choleth-24]. The hair switch is rinsed with 9-11 grain, 100° F. water at 1.5 gallons/min for 20 seconds with a shower nozzle. For testing the liquid control products, 0.75 cm3 of liquid product are applied to the center of the switch, the lower portion of hair on the switch is then rubbed over the product on the hair 10 times in a circular motion, followed by 40 strokes back and forth (a total of 80 strokes). Lather speed is recorded as the number of strokes when the first lather is obviously generated during the 80 strokes, Lather from operators gloves is transferred ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20130303419
Laboratory‎ | ‎Hydrocarbons - Foodelphi.comLaboratory‎ | ‎Hydrocarbons - Foodelphi.com
The aim of this experiment is classified of the hydrocarbon and learn the test which are aromatic bromation, permanganate test, sulfuric acid test and nitration of aromatic hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbon , any organic compound composed solely of the elements hydrogen and carbon. The hydrocarbons differ both in the total number of carbon and hydrogen atoms in their molecules and in the proportion of hydrogen to carbon. The hydrocarbons can be divided into various homologous series. Each member of such a series shows a definite relationship in its structural formula to the members preceding and following it, and there is generally some regularity in changes in physical properties of successive members of a series.The alkanes are a homologous series of saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. The first and simplest member of this series is methane, CH4; the series is sometimes called the methane series. Each successive member of a homologous series of hydrocarbons has one more carbon and two more hydrogen atoms ...
https://www.foodelphi.com/laboratory%E2%80%8E-%E2%80%8E-hydrocarbons/
Download No Tech Hacking: A Guide To Social Engineering, Dumpster Diving, And Shoulder Surfing 2008
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Physiological adaptations involved in alkane assimilation at a...Physiological adaptations involved in alkane assimilation at a...
Physiological adaptations involved in alkane assimilation at a low temperature by Rhodococcus sp. strain Q15.: We examined physiological adaptations which allow
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/physiological-adaptations-involved-alkane-assimilation-low-temperature-rhodococcus-sp-strain-q15-2855f6cf
Higher alkanesHigher alkanes
... are alkanes having nine or more carbon atoms. Nonane is the lightest alkane to have a flash point above 25 °C, ... However, the higher alkanes have little value and are usually split into lower alkanes by cracking. Some alkanes have non-IUPAC ... "alkanes with a higher number of carbon atoms". One definition distinguishes the higher alkanes as the n-alkanes that are solid ... n-alkanes). This group of n-alkanes is generally liquid under standard conditions. From this group on, the n-alkanes are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higher_alkanes
AlkaneAlkane
Hence, alkanes form the upper layer in an alkane-water mixture. The molecular structure of the alkanes directly affects their ... Alkanes also pose a threat to the environment. Branched alkanes have a lower biodegradability than unbranched alkanes. Methane ... The odd-numbered alkanes have a lower trend in melting points than even-numbered alkanes. This is because even-numbered alkanes ... such as cracking and reformation where long-chain alkanes are converted into shorter-chain alkanes and straight-chain alkanes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane
List of straight-chain alkanesList of straight-chain alkanes
The following is a list of straight-chain alkanes, the total number of isomers of each (including branched chains), and their ... Fujita, Shinsaku (2007). "Alkanes as Stereoisomers. Enumeration by the Combination of Two Dichotomies for Three-Dimensional ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Alkanes, Chemistry-related lists). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_straight-chain_alkanes
Alkane metathesisAlkane metathesis
... is a class of chemical reaction in which an alkane is rearranged to give a longer or shorter alkane product. ... but alkane metathesis operates on a carbon-carbon single bond. Alkane metathesis is catalyzed by metal-containing compounds or ... "Catalytic Alkane Metathesis by Tandem Alkane Dehydrogenation-Olefin Metathesis". Science. 312 (5771): 257-261. Bibcode:2006Sci ... Numerous applications for alkane metathesis involving petrochemicals and fuels can be envisaged. For example, the conversion of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane_metathesis
Perfluoroalkoxy alkanePerfluoroalkoxy alkane
Perfluoroalkoxy alkanes (PFA) are fluoropolymers. They are copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene (C2F4) and perfluoroethers ( ... The monomers of such Perfluoroalkoxy alkane polymers, in common with other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, are widespread ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfluoroalkoxy_alkane
Alkane 1-monooxygenaseAlkane 1-monooxygenase
In enzymology, an alkane 1-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions an alkane + reduced ... Other names in common use include alkane 1-hydroxylase, omega-hydroxylase, fatty acid omega-hydroxylase, alkane monooxygenase, ... Alkanes of 6 to 22 carbons have been observed as substrates. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is alkane, reduced-rubredoxin:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane_1-monooxygenase
Wilhelm Rudolph FittigWilhelm Rudolph Fittig
Alkanes. Science of Synthesis: Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations. Vol. 48. Georg Thieme Verlag. ISBN 978-3-13- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Rudolph_Fittig
Wurtz-Fittig reactionWurtz-Fittig reaction
Alkanes. Science of Synthesis: Houben-Weyl Methods of Molecular Transformations. Vol. 48. Georg Thieme Verlag. ISBN ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wurtz–Fittig_reaction
Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteriaHydrocarbonoclastic bacteria
... linear alkanes branched alkanes > small aromatics > cyclic alkanes. Some compounds, such as the high molecular weight ... From the oxidation of the methyl group of n-alkanes by the alkane hydroxylase, n-alkanols are released which are further ... The n-alkanes are oxidized by monooxygenase to secondary alcohols, then to ketones and finally to fatty acids. R 1 − ( CH 2 ... Alkanes are readily biodegraded aerobically in the sea by several different pathways. The degradation of medium-length ones by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonoclastic_bacteria
Biodegradable plasticBiodegradable plastic
Chemical composition: Least to greatest resistance to biodegradation: n-alkanes > branched alkanes > low molecular weight ... aromatics > cyclic alkanes > high molecular weight aromatics = polar polymers Physical properties: Shape Exposed surface area ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodegradable_plastic
Primary carbonPrimary carbon
In case of an alkane, three hydrogen atoms are bound to a primary carbon (see propane in the figure on the right). A hydrogen ... Smith, Janice Gorzynski (2011). "Chapter 4 Alkanes". Organic chemistry (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. p. 116. ISBN 978-0 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_carbon
Glossary of engineering: A-LGlossary of engineering: A-L
Alkane An alkane, or paraffin (a historical name that also has other meanings), is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other ... Page 379 "Alkanes". IUPAC Gold Book - alkanes. IUPAC. March 27, 2017. doi:10.1351/goldbook.A00222. ISBN 978-0-9678550-9-7. ... words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carbon-carbon bonds are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_engineering:_A–L
Quaternary carbonQuaternary carbon
... atoms can occur in branched alkanes, but not in linear alkanes. The formation of chiral quaternary carbon ... Smith, Janice Gorzynski (2011). "Chapter 4 Alkanes". Organic chemistry (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. p. 116. ISBN 978-0 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternary_carbon
Tertiary carbonTertiary carbon
... atoms can occur, for example, in branched alkanes, but not in linear alkanes. The R is the functional group ... Smith, Janice Gorzynski (2011). "Chapter 4 Alkanes". Organic chemistry (Book) (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. p. 116. ... ISBN 978-0-07-337562-5. Ouellette, Robert J.; Rawn, J. David (2018), "Alkanes and Cycloalkanes: Structures and Reactions", ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_carbon
Secondary carbonSecondary carbon
In unbranched alkanes, the inner carbon atoms are always secondary carbon atoms (see figure). Smith, Janice Gorzynski (2011). " ... "Chapter 4 Alkanes". Organic chemistry (Book) (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-07-337562-5. Hans Peter ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_carbon
Aldehyde deformylating oxygenaseAldehyde deformylating oxygenase
Eser BE, Das D, Han J, Jones PR, Marsh EN (Dec 2013). "Oxygen-independent alkane formation by non-heme iron-dependent ... Andre C, Kim SW, Yu XH, Shanklin J (Feb 2013). "Fusing catalase to an alkane-producing enzyme maintains enzymatic activity by ... Non-specific formation of alcohols rather than alkanes has also been observed, which would instead correspond to a heterolytic ... Schirmer A, Rude M, Li X, Popova E, del Cardayre SB (Jul 2010). "Microbial biosynthesis of alkanes". Science. 329 (5991): 559- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehyde_deformylating_oxygenase
Glossary of civil engineeringGlossary of civil engineering
alkane In organic chemistry, an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms ... Alkanes have the general chemical formula CnH2n+2. alkene In organic chemistry, an unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains at ... ". "IUPAC Gold Book - alkanes". IUPAC. March 27, 2017. Retrieved 2018-08-23. Wade, L.G. (2006). Organic Chemistry (6th ed.). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_civil_engineering
Long-chain acyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductaseLong-chain acyl-(acyl-carrier-protein) reductase
Schirmer A, Rude MA, Li X, Popova E, del Cardayre SB (July 2010). "Microbial biosynthesis of alkanes". Science. 329 (5991): 559 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-chain_acyl-(acyl-carrier-protein)_reductase
Fischer-Tropsch processFischer-Tropsch process
Most of the alkanes produced tend to be straight-chain, suitable as diesel fuel. In addition to alkane formation, competing ... Increasing the pressure leads to higher conversion rates and also favors formation of long-chained alkanes, both of which are ... In addition, the alkene to alkane ratio increases. FT catalysts are sensitive to poisoning by sulfur-containing compounds. ... and alkanes. This conversion is called gasification and the product is called synthesis gas ("syngas"). Synthesis gas obtained ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fischer–Tropsch_process
Organoaluminium chemistryOrganoaluminium chemistry
Acids react to give alkanes. For example, alcohols give alkoxides: AlR'3 + ROH → 1/n (R'2Al−OR)n + R'H A wide variety of acids ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organoaluminium_chemistry
SulfoxidationSulfoxidation
In one meaning, sulfoxidation refers to the reaction of alkanes with a mixture of sulfur dioxide and oxygen. This reaction is ... Parrino, Francesco; Ramakrishnan, Ayyappan; Kisch, Horst (2008). "Semiconductor-Photocatalyzed Sulfoxidation of Alkanes". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfoxidation
Paraffin waxParaffin wax
In chemistry, paraffin is used synonymously with alkane, indicating hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2. The name is ... Seager, Spencer L.; Slabaugh, Michael (19 January 2010). "Alkane reactions". Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and ... Alkanes, Petroleum products, Food additives, E-number additives). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraffin_wax
John F. HartwigJohn F. Hartwig
Chen, H.; Schlecht, S.; Semple, T. C.; Hartwig, J. F. (2000). "Thermal, Catalytic, Regiospecific Functionalization of Alkanes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_F._Hartwig
PolarizabilityPolarizability
Alkanes are the most polarizable molecules. Although alkenes and arenes are expected to have larger polarizability than alkanes ... Water is a very polar molecule, but alkanes and other hydrophobic molecules are more polarizable. Water with its permanent ... This results because of alkene's and arene's more electronegative sp2 carbons to the alkane's less electronegative sp3 carbons ... because of their higher reactivity compared to alkanes, alkanes are in fact more polarizable. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarizability
TetracosaneTetracosane
... , also called tetrakosane, is an alkane hydrocarbon with the structural formula H(CH2)24H. As with other alkanes, ... List of alkanes "tetracosane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetracosane
HeptaneHeptane
... or n-heptane is the straight-chain alkane with the chemical formula H3C(CH2)5CH3 or C7H16. When used as a test fuel ... Alkanes". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 23 (1): 41-53. Bibcode:1994JPCRD..23...41D. doi:10.1063/1.555943. ... unmixed with other isomers of heptane or other alkanes, distilled from the resin of Jeffrey pine and from the fruit of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptane
Lennard-Jones potentialLennard-Jones potential
1. Pure Alkanes, Alkanols, and Water". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 35 (12): 4727-4737. doi:10.1021/ie9602320. ... alkanes or water. The Lennard-Jones potential can also be used to model the adsorption interactions at solid-fluid interfaces, ... for practically all molecular and ionic particles can be constructed using this scheme for example for alkanes. Upon using the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennard-Jones_potential
OctaneOctane
... is a hydrocarbon and an alkane with the chemical formula C8H18, and the condensed structural formula CH3(CH2)6CH3. ... Alkanes". Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data. 23 (1): 41-53. Bibcode:1994JPCRD..23...41D. doi:10.1063/1.555943. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octane
aneane
Such organic compounds are called alkanes. They are saturated hydrocarbons. The names of the saturated hydrides of non-metals ... For instance, methane for CH4 and oxidane for H2O (water). For the etymology, see Alkane. IUPAC nomenclature of organic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-ane
BorylationBorylation
As first described by Hartwig, alkanes can be selectively borylated with high selectivity for the primary C-H bond using Cp*Rh( ... Selective functionalization of a primary alkane bond is due to the formation of a kinetically and thermodynamically favorable ... Hartwig, J. F. (2011). "Regioselectivity of the borylation of alkanes and arenes". Chem. Soc. Rev. 40 (4): 1992-2002. doi: ... Chen, H.; Schlecht, S.; Semple, T. C.; Hartwig, J. F. (2000). "Thermal, Catalytic, Regiospecific Functionalization of Alkanes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borylation
Alkane Reactivity
Alkane Reactions. The alkanes and cycloalkanes, with the exception of cyclopropane, are probably the least chemically reactive ... All the hydrogens in a complex alkane do not exhibit equal reactivity. For example, propane has eight hydrogens, six of them ... Bromination of alkanes occurs by a similar mechanism, but is slower and more selective because a bromine atom is a less ... When alkanes larger than ethane are halogenated, isomeric products are formed. Thus chlorination of propane gives both 1- ...
https://www2.chemistry.msu.edu/faculty/reusch/VirtTxtJml/funcrx1.htm
NIOSH Criteria Documents: Alkanes (C5-C8) | NIOSH | CDCNIOSH Criteria Documents: Alkanes (C5-C8) | NIOSH | CDC
Alkanes (C5-C8). This Criteria Document is contained in PDF files, for ease of handling. ... X. Appendix II - Analytical Method for Alkanes (C5-C8). XI. Appendix III - Material Safety Data Sheet. 77-151F.PDF (17 pages, ... Appendix I - Method for Sampling Alkanes (C5-C8) in Air. 77-151E.PDF (17 pages, 493K). ...
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Lecture 12: Ch. 4. Introduction to AlkanesLecture 12: Ch. 4. Introduction to Alkanes
4. Introduction to Alkanes This video was recorded at Chem 51a: Organic Chemistry. Fundamental concepts relating to carbon ...
https://merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=982656
C13-15 Alkane | LUSHC13-15 Alkane | LUSH
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons and the C followed by numbers in their names indicates the length of the carbon chains ... Like its relative called squalane, C13-15 Alkane softens, protects and conditions but with a much lighter and dry feeling. ... Although hydrocarbons are commonly found in crude oil and petroleum products, technology now allows us to create alkanes from ...
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Alkane Truck Company - MediumAlkane Truck Company - Medium
Alkane provides a one stop solution for Propane powered medium and heavy duty trucks, and the all-new all-terrain workhorse ... Alkane Truck Company is a leader in the development of alternative fueled trucks. ...
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Alkane Truck Companys Class 7 Truck Promoted at Southeastern Propane EventAlkane Truck Company's Class 7 Truck Promoted at Southeastern Propane Event
Alkane Truck Company, an alternative fuel truck manufacturer headquartered in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, is in the ... Alkane Truck Company Steve Rayborn - VP Global Sales 843-839-0109 Steve(at)AlkaneTruckCompany(dot)com Alkane Dominator Website ... You can invest in Alkane Truck Company and obtain shares through its crowdfunding campaign with StartEngine. Alkane is ... Alkane received DOT compliance in the fall of 2015 for its class 7, cab-over trucks and they are now taking orders from their ...
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Products That Contain C15-23 ALKANE || Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database | EWGProducts That Contain C15-23 ALKANE || Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database | EWG
EWGs Skin Deep® database gives you practical solutions to protect yourself and your family from everyday exposures to chemicals in personal care products.
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Why Are Alkanes Unreactive - PixAriaWhy Are Alkanes Unreactive - PixAria
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. This means that their carbon atoms are joined to each other by single bonds. This makes ... Why are alkanes stable and unreactive?. Alkanes are generally unreactive. Alkanes contain only C-H and C-C bonds, which are ... Do alkanes have less biological activity?. Alkanes are not very reactive and have little biological activity; all alkanes are ... Are alkanes toxic?. However, high molecular weight alkanes are considered virtually non toxic [878]. Many of the alkanes are ...
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Section Test 21.1 & 21.2 Hydrocarbons And Alkanes - ProProfs QuizSection Test 21.1 & 21.2 Hydrocarbons And Alkanes - ProProfs Quiz
This quiz will help you find out how much you know about different types of hydrocarbons and alkanes. ... Go to the back of the room and create an alkane that was not named in the test. ... Bonus question: +.5Name three alkanes and tell me how many carbon atoms they contain?( ex: pentane) ...
https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=section-test-211-212-hydrocarbons-alkanes
Team:Washington/Alkanes/Background - 2011.igem.orgTeam:Washington/Alkanes/Background - 2011.igem.org
Alkanes are simple chains of carbon and hydrogen. The majority of the alkanes found in diesel have a carbon chain of 10 to 20 ... straight chain alkanes that contain only one linear chain, and 28% branched chain alkanes that contain 1 or more carbon ... Team:Washington/Alkanes/Background. From 2011.igem.org. (Difference between revisions). Revision as of 02:19, 23 September 2011 ... The Solution: a Microbial Alkane Production Pathway. The use of AAR and ADC converts the fatty acid intermediate Acl-ACP into ...
https://2011.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:Washington/Alkanes/Background&diff=prev&oldid=170806&printable=yes
Reactivity of Alkanes and AlkenesReactivity of Alkanes and Alkenes
... is shared under a not declared license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by ... The alkanes do not react either, although prolonged exposure to an overhead projector will provoke a bromination. It should be ... The alkanes in this situation do not react with the potassium permanganate. ... Alkanes_and_Alkenes : property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+,,c__DisplayClass226_0., ...
https://chem.libretexts.org/Ancillary_Materials/Demos_Techniques_and_Experiments/Lecture_Demonstrations/Additional_Demos/Reactivity_of_Alkanes_and_Alkenes
Pure and Au nanoparticles doped higher alkanes for an optical fiber temperature threshold sensor | (2017) | Przybysz | ...Pure and Au nanoparticles doped higher alkanes for an optical fiber temperature threshold sensor | (2017) | Przybysz | ...
We have prepared samples with three higher alkanes doped with 1% of Au NPs and we have shown their temperature and time ... Pure and Au nanoparticles doped higher alkanes for an optical fiber temperature threshold sensor Author(s): Natalia Przybysz; ... One of the most important advantages of higher alkanes we used in the experiments are their different melting points, but the ... The proper selection of melting points of higher alkanes allows to design the multilevel temperature threshold sensor which can ...
https://spie.org/Publications/Proceedings/Paper/10.1117/12.2265867
Team:TU Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/characterization - 2010.igem.orgTeam:TU Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/characterization - 2010.igem.org
Crystal Structure of Long-Chain Alkane Monooxygenase (LadA) in Complex with Coenzyme FMN: Unveiling the Long-Chain Alkane ... K398014 on alkanes. The alkanes octane and dodecane were tested as possible substrates in M9 minimal medium. The protocol can ... Alkane Degradation Characterization. Introduction. In summary, the following strains were characterized: *E.coli K12 carrying ... Characterization of the alkane hydroxylase system. Growth analysis. Of course, one of the first characterization experiments ...
https://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:TU_Delft/Project/alkane-degradation/characterization&redirect=no
Alkane Resources Ltd. ASX Announcement, 12th April 2013 by 24hgoldAlkane Resources Ltd. ASX Announcement, 12th April 2013 by 24hgold
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Sciencemadness Discussion Board - Fluorine and organic alkanes - Powered by XMB 1.9.11Sciencemadness Discussion Board - Fluorine and organic alkanes - Powered by XMB 1.9.11
Fluorine and organic alkanes. So, Im reading in a book that if I were to mix fluorine with an organic alkane, then the ... i think that the book refers to a reaction between elemental fluorine and an alkane, not fluorine(fluoride) ions and an alkane ... They all think that there are both organic and inorganic alkanes.. How did you get from fluorine to mouthwash? What, you think ... So, Im reading in a book that if I were to mix fluorine with an organic alkane, then the reaction would be incredibly ...
http://www.sciencemadness.org/talk/viewthread.php?tid=12928#pid164190
Alkanes|Acids|Esters|Acylation|Ketones|Ethers|Phenols|Amines--Changzhou Puhua Chemical Co.,Ltd.Alkanes|Acids|Esters|Acylation|Ketones|Ethers|Phenols|Amines--Changzhou Puhua Chemical Co.,Ltd.
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Subject: Ampulex compressa and alkanes / Text availability: Citation in PubAg - PubAg Search ResultsSubject: Ampulex compressa and alkanes / Text availability: Citation in PubAg - PubAg Search Results
You searched for: Subject Ampulex compressa Remove constraint Subject: Ampulex compressa Subject alkanes Remove constraint ... 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; Ampulex compressa; Dufours gland; alkadienes; alkanes; bladder; droplets; epithelium; ... Subject: alkanes Text availability Citation in PubAg Remove constraint Text availability: Citation in PubAg Start Over ...
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Calculation of Critical Curves for Carbon Dioxide+n-Alkane SystemsCalculation of Critical Curves for Carbon Dioxide+n-Alkane Systems
... Trends in Applied Sciences Research, 1: 317-326. URL: https ...
https://scialert.net/abstract/?doi=tasr.2006.317.326
A superoleophobic textile repellent towards impacting drops of alkanes - Zurich Open Repository and ArchiveA superoleophobic textile repellent towards impacting drops of alkanes - Zurich Open Repository and Archive
They achieve the highest possible oil-repellency grade of 8, repel impacting drops of alkanes and show. a plastron layer in ... They achieve the highest possible oil-repellency grade of 8, repel impacting drops of alkanes and show. a plastron layer in ... Download PDF A superoleophobic textile repellent towards impacting drops of alkanes. Item availability may be restricted. ... A superoleophobic textile repellent towards impacting drops of alkanes. Applied Surface Science, 258(8):3835-3840. ...
https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/58454/
Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly of All-Acrylic Diblock Copolymers via RAFT Dispersion Polymerization in Alkanes - White...Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly of All-Acrylic Diblock Copolymers via RAFT Dispersion Polymerization in Alkanes - White...
Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly of All-Acrylic Diblock Copolymers via RAFT Dispersion Polymerization in Alkanes ... Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly of All-Acrylic Diblock Copolymers via RAFT Dispersion Polymerization in Alkanes. ...
https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/95173/
An application of cell theory to molecular models of n-alkane solids by AP Malanoski, C Vega et al."An application of cell theory to molecular models of n-alkane solids" by AP Malanoski, C Vega et al.
Malanoski, AP; Vega, C; and Monson, PA, "An application of cell theory to molecular models of n-alkane solids" (2000). ... An application of cell theory to molecular models of n-alkane solids ...
https://scholarworks.umass.edu/che_faculty_pubs/438/
US Patent for Method for production of n-alkanes from mineral oil fractions and catalyst for carrying out said method Patent ...US Patent for Method for production of n-alkanes from mineral oil fractions and catalyst for carrying out said method Patent ...
... containing cyclic alkanes, alkenes, cyclic alkenes and/or aromatics. The invention further relates to a catalyst for carrying ... The invention relates to a method for the production of n-alkanes from mineral oil fractions and fractions from thermal or ... Yiso-alkane3/% 5.3 22.0 39.6 43.8 Ycycloalk.3/% 1.1 0.1 1.7 1.3 Yaromatic comp.3/ 0.0 2.9 3.2 7.1 % Yn-bu3/Yi-bu3 1.01 0.70 ... The proportion of n-alkanes rises after a running time of 600 minutes to 77.9% by weight, the proportion of i-alkanes and of ...
https://patents.justia.com/patent/7067448
prop-of-alkanes-to-aromatic-compounds.docx - Properties of Alkanes Physical Properties Physical state o C1 = major source of...prop-of-alkanes-to-aromatic-compounds.docx - Properties of Alkanes Physical Properties Physical state o C1 = major source of...
Properties of Alkanes Physical Properties Physical state o C1 = major source of natural gas Natural gas - ... View prop-of-alkanes-to-aromatic-compounds.docx from SOD BCHEMD1 at University of Baguio. ... prop-of-alkanes-to-aromatic-compounds.docx - Properties of Alkanes Physical Properties Physical state o C1 = major source of ... Melting points of alkanes with even number of carbon atoms are more than those with odd number of carbonsoAlkanes with even ...
https://www.coursehero.com/file/74049428/prop-of-alkanes-to-aromatic-compoundsdocx/
Insights into alkane activation from first principlesInsights into alkane activation from first principles
In this talk I will discuss several examples of alkane activation on various catalysts, as studied by first principles density ...
https://www.morressier.com/o/event/5e733c5acde2b641284a7e27/article/5e735e32cde2b641284a8602
Flashcards - Isomerism in Alkanes and AlkenesFlashcards - Isomerism in Alkanes and Alkenes
Isomerism in Alkanes and Alkenes - Description of Isomers ... of petroleum contains a lot of straight-chain alkane molecules ... lead is no longer used and so petrol is now more relatively expensive as they contain branched-chain alkanes. ...
https://freezingblue.com/flashcards/167644/preview/isomerism-in-alkanes-and-alkenes
Thermodynamics] Estimate boiling point of n-alkanes - MATLAB Cody - MATLAB CentralThermodynamics] Estimate boiling point of n-alkanes - MATLAB Cody - MATLAB Central
p,Estimate the boiling point (in Kelvin) of n-Alkanes (n >= 2) using the group contribution method of Joback,/p,,pre, --- \ ... Estimate the boiling point (in Kelvin) of n-Alkanes (n ,= 2) using the group contribution method of Joback --- \ Tb = 198 + , G ... of n-Alkanes (n >= 2) using the group contribution method of Joback,/w:t,,/w:r,,/w:p,,w:p,,w:pPr,,w:pStyle w:val=\code ...
https://se.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/cody/problems/2638-thermodynamics-estimate-boiling-point-of-n-alkanes
Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy of plastic crystalline states in n-alkane systems<...Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy of plastic crystalline states in n-alkane systems<...
Nowak, M. J. ; Severtson, S. J. / Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy of plastic crystalline states in n-alkane systems. In: ... Nowak, M. J., & Severtson, S. J. (2001). Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy of plastic crystalline states in n-alkane systems. ... Nowak, MJ & Severtson, SJ 2001, Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy of plastic crystalline states in n-alkane systems, Journal of ... Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy of plastic crystalline states in n-alkane systems. / Nowak, M. J.; Severtson, S. J. ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/dynamic-mechanical-spectroscopy-of-plastic-crystalline-states-in-
Fluorophosphonate-functionalised titanium via a pre-adsorbed alkane phosphonic acid: a novel dual action surface finish for...Fluorophosphonate-functionalised titanium via a pre-adsorbed alkane phosphonic acid: a novel dual action surface finish for...
In attaching a phosphatase-resistant LPA analogue to Ti we took advantage of the affinity of alkane phosphonic acids for TiO2. ... In attaching a phosphatase-resistant LPA analogue to Ti we took advantage of the affinity of alkane phosphonic acids for TiO2. ... In attaching a phosphatase-resistant LPA analogue to Ti we took advantage of the affinity of alkane phosphonic acids for TiO2. ... In attaching a phosphatase-resistant LPA analogue to Ti we took advantage of the affinity of alkane phosphonic acids for TiO2. ...
https://research-information.bris.ac.uk/en/publications/fluorophosphonate-functionalised-titanium-via-a-pre-adsorbed-alka
Alkanes And Alkenes
... alkanes form the upper layer in an alkane-water mixture. Molecular geometry. sp 3-hybridization in methane. The molecular ... structure of the alkanes directly affects their physical and chemical characteristics. To do so, the best-known methods are ... Home biology homework help Alkanes and alkenes Alkanes and alkenes. What is the reaction mechanism for the addition of bromine ... Free radical thermal cracking to give shorter alkanes and ionic catalytic cracking to give shorter alkanes and alkenes. ...
https://fuxeragyzexikidi.leslutinsduphoenix.com/alkanes-and-alkenes-15067xk.html
Q&A: Sensory enhanced alkanes: the alternative, and extender, of silicone for personal care productsQ&A: Sensory enhanced alkanes: the alternative, and extender, of silicone for personal care products
LILAC™ alkanes (C14-22) and IRIS™ alkanes (C12-17) are available globally and provide formulators with a diverse range of ... Alkanes also offer an effective delivery system for other key ingredients. When considering using an alkane for your ... HollyFrontier Lubricants & Specialties (HFLS) Sonneborn branded alkane products, LILAC™ (INCI Alkane C14-C22) and IRIS™ (INCI ... HollyFrontier Lubricants & Specialties Sonneborn branded alkane products LILAC™ and IRIS™ are high quality, versatile alkanes ...
https://www.sonneborn.com/en-us/resources/expertqa/sensory-enhanced-alkanes-the-alternative-and-extender-of-silicone-for-personal-care-products
HydrocarbonsAtomsLong-chain alkaneAlcoholsAlkenes and alkanesReactivity of alkanesReactive than alkanesAromaticCyclic alkanesHydrogenMoleculesCatalyticCompoundsEthaneCatalystChemistryBenzeneColourlessTruck CompanyReact with chlorineMolecularOctaneHalogenAlkynesSqualaneHalogenationCarbonsChainSubstituentsBondsReactionEthersEnzymeDimethiconeStructuresCharacterizationPetroleumParaffinButanePhaseTemperatureMixturesGasesUndergoShorter
Hydrocarbons13
  • Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons and the C followed by numbers in their names indicates the length of the carbon chains present in the compound. (lush.com)
  • Although hydrocarbons are commonly found in crude oil and petroleum products, technology now allows us to create alkanes from plants. (lush.com)
  • Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons. (pixaria.com)
  • Why are alkanes the least reactive hydrocarbons? (pixaria.com)
  • Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with central carbon atom attached to four other atoms (or groups). (pixaria.com)
  • Here is a list of the first 10 alkanes.List the Simplest Hydrocarbons. (pixaria.com)
  • This quiz will help you find out how much you know about different types of hydrocarbons and alkanes. (proprofs.com)
  • Extraction hydrocarbons from the medium using an apolar solvent (such as ethyl acetate) after the reaction and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography would indicate the presence of the corresponding alkanol and/or the decrease of alkane. (igem.org)
  • GOC I - … Free Question Bank for JEE Main & Advanced Chemistry Hydrocarbons Alkane Download. (verytwinteresting.com)
  • Here We have discussed Hydrocarbons(Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes) in a very unique way. (verytwinteresting.com)
  • It also produces high proportions of branched alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene. (shout.education)
  • Nevertheless, asphalt fume consists mainly of aliphatic compounds, cyclic alkanes, cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and heterocyclic compounds. (cdc.gov)
  • The unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons are generally much more reactive than the alkanes, which are saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons. (noaa.gov)
Atoms7
  • However, one complication is that all the hydrogen atoms of an alkane may undergo substitution, resulting in a mixture of products, as shown in the following unbalanced equation . (msu.edu)
  • These terms are also used for alkanes whose carbon atoms form a single, unbranched chain. (pixaria.com)
  • Alkanes having 1-4 carbon atoms are gases, then from 5-17 carbon atoms they are liquid and alkanes having 18 or more carbon atoms are solid at 298K. (pixaria.com)
  • Bonus question: +.5Name three alkanes and tell me how many carbon atoms they contain? (proprofs.com)
  • We power our automobile engines by burning alkanes of 6-12 carbon atoms. (coursehero.com)
  • We use a simple relationship between the number of carbon atoms in the n-alkane molecule and the number of segments in the united atom chains in order to predict the phase behavior of n-butane with other n-alkanes. (hw.ac.uk)
  • Alkanes with odd number of carbon atoms can not be prepared by this method. (verytwinteresting.com)
Long-chain alkane2
  • Crystal Structure of Long-Chain Alkane Monooxygenase (LadA) in Complex with Coenzyme FMN: Unveiling the Long-Chain Alkane Hydroxylase. (igem.org)
  • Isolation and characterization of long-chain-alkane degrading Bacillus thermoleovorans from deep subterranean petroleum reservoirs. (semanticscholar.org)
Alcohols4
  • Both alcohols and biodiesel are more corrosive than unreactive alkanes. (igem.org)
  • The unique molecular structure of alkanes also provides flexibility for the formulation to be soluble with more ionic, anionic, polar and non-polar substances such as fragrances, shea butter, olive oil, fatty alcohols, capric/caprylic triglycerides and glyceryl stearate. (sonneborn.com)
  • Alkane monooxygenase (AlkB), a membrane -spanning metalloenzyme, converts straight chain alkanes to alcohols in the first step of the microbially-mediated degradation of alkanes , thereby playing a critical role in the global cycling of carbon and the bioremediation of oil. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2014. Oxidation of alcohols and activated alkanes with Lewis acid-activated TEMPO . (ucsb.edu)
Alkenes and alkanes1
Reactivity of alkanes1
  • This saturation leads to a relatively low reactivity of alkanes. (pixaria.com)
Reactive than alkanes1
  • Alkenes are relatively stable compounds, but are more reactive than alkanes because of the reactivity of the carbon-carbon π-bond. (pixaria.com)
Aromatic3
  • The subject matter of the invention is a process for the manufacture of n-alkanes from mineral oil fractions and fractions from thermal or catalytic conversion plants containing cyclic alkanes, alkenes, cyclic alkenes and/or aromatic compounds as well as a new catalyst for performing the process. (justia.com)
  • Various processes for the manufacture of non-cyclic and iso-alkanes from mineral oil fractions which contain cyclic alkanes andd aromatic compounds are known from the prior art. (justia.com)
  • For the manufacture of these fuel constituents the naphtha fraction is firstly subjected to a hydrogenation via a hydrogenation catalyst in order to convert the aromatic compounds obtained thus into cyclic alkane compounds. (justia.com)
Cyclic alkanes1
  • The invention relates to a method for the production of n-alkanes from mineral oil fractions and fractions from thermal or catalytic conversion plants, containing cyclic alkanes, alkenes, cyclic alkenes and/or aromatics. (justia.com)
Hydrogen3
  • The two reactions of more importaces is combustion and halogenation, (i.e., substitution of a single hydrogen on the alkane for a single halogen) to form a haloalkane. (pixaria.com)
  • Because alkanes contain only carbon and hydrogen, combustion produces compounds that contain only carbon, hydrogen, and/or oxygen. (pixaria.com)
  • The zeolite catalyst has sites which can remove a hydrogen from an alkane together with the two electrons which bound it to the carbon. (shout.education)
Molecules2
  • It would be formed from combining two methyl radicals:The electrophilic addition of bromine to alkene (non-aqueous media) Alkenes are reactive molecules, particularly when compared to alkanes. (leslutinsduphoenix.com)
  • We treat the n-alkane molecules as chains formed from united-atom hard-sphere segments with square-well potentials of variable range to describe the attractive interactions. (hw.ac.uk)
Catalytic4
  • As explained earlier the catalytic component of the alkane hydroxylase system is an integral membrane protein. (igem.org)
  • Free radical thermal cracking to give shorter alkanes and ionic catalytic cracking to give shorter alkanes and alkenes. (leslutinsduphoenix.com)
  • These findings provide insight into the catalytic mechanism of AlkB and shed light on its function in alkane -degrading microorganisms. (bvsalud.org)
  • Over the past decades, since the discovery of a single-site silica-supported catalyst for the alkane metathesis reaction by our group, we have been extensively working on the development of supported catalytic systems for the improved alkane metathesis reaction. (edu.sa)
Compounds5
  • The alkanes and cycloalkanes, with the exception of cyclopropane, are probably the least chemically reactive class of organic compounds. (msu.edu)
  • Alkanes (the most basic of all organic compounds) undergo very few reactions. (pixaria.com)
  • all alkanes are colorless and odorless non-polar compounds. (pixaria.com)
  • Polar compounds often have low flash points because of the oxygen, but alkanes have very high heats of combustion, which makes them good fuels even if you have to heat them up a little more before they start burning. (pixaria.com)
  • This would require a biological pathway that is able to produce alkanes, the main class of compounds in diesel. (igem.org)
Ethane3
  • The first four alkanes are methane, ethane, propane, and butane with the Lewis symbols shown below. (pixaria.com)
  • What is the reaction mechanism of chlorine reacting with alkanes like methane and ethane etc. (leslutinsduphoenix.com)
  • When the alkane is methane, traces of ethane are found in the final mixture of products. (leslutinsduphoenix.com)
Catalyst3
  • Cracking Reactions - use heat and/or a catalyst to crack alkanes, breaking carbon-carbon bonds. (pixaria.com)
  • The alkane is brought into contact with the catalyst at a temperature of about 500°C and moderately low pressures. (shout.education)
  • The adsorption of Th(η 3 -allyl) 4 on dehydroxylated alumina yields an active catalyst for the exchange of alkane and cycloalkane C-H bonds with D 2 . (gtiit.edu.cn)
Chemistry3
  • Chemistry of Natural Substances - Organic Chemistry Worksheets 1 Worksheets for Organic Chemistry Worksheet 1 Alkanes Question 1. (leslutinsduphoenix.com)
  • Organic chemistry: Alkane nomenclature. (worldofchemicals.com)
  • Mnemonic Device: Must Every PRefect Be PErfect Explanation: to remember the first five alkanes in organic chemistry. (mnemonic-device.com)
Benzene2
  • Lower alkanes in particular are highly flammable and form explosive mixtures (methane, benzene) with air (oxygen). (pixaria.com)
  • Gasoline vapors contain about 90% alkanes and 2% aromatics (0.9% benzene). (cdc.gov)
Colourless2
  • Some important physical properties of alkanes are: Alkanes are colourless and odourless. (pixaria.com)
  • Physical Properties of Alkanes (a) Physical State: All are colourless & possess no characteristic odour. (verytwinteresting.com)
Truck Company6
  • Alkane Truck Company , an alternative fuel truck manufacturer headquartered in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, is in the business of building clean-burning trucks and Humvee-style vehicles. (prweb.com)
  • Alkane Truck Company provides an excellent solution to companies that require a heavy-weight hauler with the ability to operate on alternative fuels," said Newman. (prweb.com)
  • Alkane Truck Company continues to expand its brand awareness and was just recently added to the list of vendor suppliers of a major international beverage company. (prweb.com)
  • You can invest in Alkane Truck Company and obtain shares through its crowdfunding campaign with StartEngine. (prweb.com)
  • Alkane Truck Company is "Live" with StartEngine.com , which is a Crowdfunding platform created for the purpose of raising funds through accredited and non accredited investors. (alkanetruckcompany.com)
  • Some companies, Alkane Truck Company included, intend to apply for an over the counter (OTC) offering in the near future. (alkanetruckcompany.com)
React with chlorine1
  • Under the influence of high temperature heat or uv light, alkanes will react with chlorine or bromine via a free radical substitution reaction mechanism. (leslutinsduphoenix.com)
Molecular4
  • However, high molecular weight alkanes are considered virtually non toxic [878]. (pixaria.com)
  • An application of cell theory to molecular models of n-alkane solids" by AP Malanoski, C Vega et al. (umass.edu)
  • Revision notes include full diagrams and explanation of the mechanisms of alkanes and the 'molecular' equation and reaction conditions and other con-current reaction pathways and products are also explained. (leslutinsduphoenix.com)
  • A comparison of computed results derived from periodic DFT calculations, where the full solid-state environment is taken into account, with simple model calculations using the isolated molecular cations highlights the importance of modelling the solid state to reproduce the structures of these alkane complexes. (york.ac.uk)
Octane2
  • The alkanes octane and dodecane were tested as possible substrates in M9 minimal medium. (igem.org)
  • As these catalysts are very efficient for linear alkanes we thought to apply it for cyclo-alkanes specifically, for cyclo-octane metathesis expecting better activity. (edu.sa)
Halogen1
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Influence of testosterone and progesterone on fatty liver of rats treated with few halogen alkanes. (who.int)
Alkynes3
  • How will you distinguish between alkanes, alkenes and alkynes? (doubtnut.com)
  • here we have discussed all methods of preparations and chemical properties of Alkanes, Alkenes & Alkynes. (verytwinteresting.com)
  • There's alkynes of rules in organic nomenclature 🙂 What are the most important things to know when naming alkanes? (organicchemexplained.com)
Squalane1
  • Like its relative called squalane , C13-15 Alkane softens, protects and conditions but with a much lighter and dry feeling. (lush.com)
Halogenation1
  • Unlike the complex transformations of combustion, the halogenation of an alkane appears to be a simple substitution reaction in which a C-H bond is broken and a new C-X bond is formed. (msu.edu)
Carbons2
  • It is confirmed that chains are tilted in the crystal layer and found that ca. seven end carbons of the shorter alkane are amorphous. (shu.ac.uk)
  • It depends on your professor and your course, but most instructors would want you to know the names for all the unbranched alkanes from 1 to 12 carbons. (organicchemexplained.com)
Chain6
  • The following table lists heat of combustion data for some simple cycloalkanes and compares these with the increase per CH 2 unit for long chain alkanes. (msu.edu)
  • Petroleum consists of mostly long-chain length alkanes consisting of long hydrocarbon chains. (igem.org)
  • The idea behind this is that E.coli might inherently contain an ADH and ALDH that, while it might be at an extremely low activity, can be able to degrade larger chain alkanes thus releasing energy for growth. (igem.org)
  • Due to pollution controls, lead is no longer used and so petrol is now more relatively expensive as they contain branched-chain alkanes. (freezingblue.com)
  • By using an alkane to replace part of the silicone component in a formulation, formulators can continue producing finished products in larger amounts - significantly reducing the risks associated with a key ingredient shortage on the manufacturing process and supply chain, and ultimately, the end consumer. (sonneborn.com)
  • AlkB biodiversity is attributed to its ability to oxidize alkanes of various chain lengths, while individual AlkBs target a relatively narrow range. (bvsalud.org)
Substituents1
Bonds2
  • Alkanes contain only C-H and C-C bonds, which are relatively strong and difficult to break. (pixaria.com)
  • Except for CF4, fluorinated alkanes (or alkenes etc.) cannot be made simply by their reaction with F2 gas, because the F2 also breaks the C-C bonds, resulting in CF4 being the principal product, as well as the reaction being dangerously exothermic. (sciencemadness.org)
Reaction1
  • So, I'm reading in a book that if I were to mix fluorine with an organic alkane, then the reaction would be incredibly exothermic. (sciencemadness.org)
Ethers1
  • Working Fluids: There is a great deal of scientific literature regarding ORC working fluids (alkanes, fluorinated alkanes, ethers and fluorinated ethers), but the most promising is CO2. (infinitysupercritical.com)
Enzyme1
  • Structure and mechanism of the alkane-oxidizing enzyme AlkB. (bvsalud.org)
Dimethicone2
  • With similar sensory profiles to Dimethicone, 5cSt, or Cyclopentasiloxane (D5), these alkanes can be incorporated into formulations for skin and haircare products, antiperspirants and sun care products. (sonneborn.com)
  • In fact, alkanes have been proven as effective extenders of silicone ingredients such as Dimethicone, 5cSt or Cyclopentasiloxane (D5) in formulations for nail polish remover, foot creams, eye make-up remover and many more skin and body care products. (sonneborn.com)
Structures2
  • The physical properties of alkanes follow a similar trend as seen in the regularity of alkane structures. (pixaria.com)
  • A review of computational studies on the structures, bonding and reactivity of rhodium σ-alkane complexes in the solid state is presented. (york.ac.uk)
Characterization1
  • Of course, one of the first characterization experiments was to test growth of the E.coli strains carrying BBa_K398014 on alkanes. (igem.org)
Petroleum1
  • There were also coarse soil aerosols contaminated with anthropogenic metals and petroleum-derived n-alkanes. (elsevier.com)
Paraffin2
  • Alkanes are also known as paraffins, or collectively as the paraffin series. (pixaria.com)
  • Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy (DMS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to study the plastic crystalline region of several model n-alkane systems and a commercial paraffin wax. (umn.edu)
Butane1
  • We predict the phase behavior of n-butane + n-alkane binary mixtures, concentrating mainly on the critical region. (hw.ac.uk)
Phase3
  • Furthermore, study of a system in which stability of a single rotator phase has been extended through strategic blending of n-alkanes shows that dynamic mechanical properties return to near pre-mesophase values when sufficient opportunity following a transition is provided. (umn.edu)
  • The recently discovered stable semicrystalline phase in binary ultralong alkanes is studied by small-angle neutron and x-ray scattering. (shu.ac.uk)
  • The phase behavior of selected alkane binary mixtures is studied using SAFT-VR, a version of the statistical associating fluid theory for potentials of variable attractive range (SAFT). (hw.ac.uk)
Temperature5
  • Our previous research has led us to develop a class of optical fiber temperature threshold sensor transducers based on a partially filled PCF with higher alkanes. (spie.org)
  • The principle of work of such a sensor transducer is to use a temperature bi-stability of a filling material because when the higher alkane is in the solid state light cannot pass through the transducer, and when it is in the liquid state light can be transmitted. (spie.org)
  • We have prepared samples with three higher alkanes doped with 1% of Au NPs and we have shown their temperature and time responses. (spie.org)
  • The proper selection of melting points of higher alkanes allows to design the multilevel temperature threshold sensor which can cover the temperature range from -20°C up to 70°C, and can be applied in chemical, oil, gas and energy industry. (spie.org)
  • These results demonstrate that many n-alkane blends can possess a short temperature interval over which the material oscillates between Hookean and viscous behavior, controlling their performance and possibly providing for new applications requiring changes in viscoelastic properties in a narrow temperature span. (umn.edu)
Mixtures1
  • The gas-liquid critical lines predicted by SAFT-VR for the n-alkane mixtures are in excellent agreement with the experimental data, and improve significantly on the results obtained with the simpler SAFT-HS approach where the attractive interactions are treated at the mean-field level. (hw.ac.uk)
Gases1
  • Current clinically used endotamponades (silicone oil, gases, semifluorinated alkanes) are effective in promoting retinal reattachment, but lead to complications such as emulsification, prolonged inflammation, blurred vision, raised intraocular pressure, cataract formation or the need for revision surgery. (medscape.com)
Undergo1
  • Despite their relative inertness, alkanes undergo several important reactions that are discussed in the following section. (msu.edu)
Shorter1
  • Either the shorter or the longer alkane has (CD2)11CD3 ends. (shu.ac.uk)
1,3-Dioxan-4-one, 2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-methyl-, (2s-cis)
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EWG rating for Pacifica Mattify & Protect Daily Priming Lotion, SPF 35; | EWG's Guide to Sunscreens
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Wood stain poisoning: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
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Products That Contain C15-23 ALKANE || Skin Deep® Cosmetics Database | EWG
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C13-15 Alkane | LUSH
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Carcinogenicity of Acetaldehyde & Malonaldehyde & Mutagenicity of Related Low-Molecular-Weight Aldehydes | NIOSH | CDC
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Organic Solvents | NIOSH | CDC
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Polysubstituted cyclohexane (video) | Khan Academy
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Tetrahydrothiophene | C4H8S | ChemSpider
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Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings
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DLR - Blogs - Authors - Jan Oliver Löfken
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Pyrazine, methyl
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Thiazole, 4,5-dimethyl
Thiazole, 4,5-dimethyl (webbook.nist.gov)
2-Octenal, (E)
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Furan, 2-pentyl
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7 Penny Stocks to Buy to Retire a Millionaire | InvestorPlace
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Ethane, 1,2-bis-(2-diethylaminoethylthio)
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Isobutyl 2-diethylaminoethyl disulfide
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Index Catalog // ScholarsArchive@OSU
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Lecture 12: Ch. 4. Introduction to Alkanes
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Guidelines for Infection Control in Dental Health-Care Settings --- 2003
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Higher alkanes
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Search Results - - 22,755 Results - UNT Digital Library
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Methyl jasmonate
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DailyMed - BABY DONNA SHEER SPF SUNSCREEN STICK- zinc oxide stick
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SOLARA SUNCARE - GO! DAILY DEFENSE PROBIOTIC MINERAL FACE MOISTURIZER
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