The generic name for the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons Cn-H2n+2. They are denoted by the suffix -ane. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
A P450 oxidoreductase that catalyzes the hydroxylation of the terminal carbon of linear hydrocarbons such as octane and FATTY ACIDS in the omega position. The enzyme may also play a role in the oxidation of a variety of structurally unrelated compounds such as XENOBIOTICS, and STEROIDS.
Oxidases that specifically introduce DIOXYGEN-derived oxygen atoms into a variety of organic molecules.
Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.
An NADPH-dependent flavin monooxygenase that plays a key role in the catabolism of TRYPTOPHAN by catalyzing the HYDROXYLATION of KYNURENINE to 3-hydroxykynurenine. It was formerly characterized as EC 1.14.1.2 and EC 1.99.1.5.
A family of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria utilizing only one-carbon organic compounds and isolated from in soil and water.
A species of METHYLOCOCCUS which forms capsules and is capable of autotrophic carbon dioxide fixation. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.
A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.
Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
A bacterial genus of the order ACTINOMYCETALES.
A species of METHYLOSINUS which is capable of degrading trichloroethylene and other organic pollutants.
Eight-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.
A soluble cytochrome P-450 enzyme that catalyzes camphor monooxygenation in the presence of putidaredoxin, putidaredoxin reductase, and molecular oxygen. This enzyme, encoded by the CAMC gene also known as CYP101, has been crystallized from bacteria and the structure is well defined. Under anaerobic conditions, this enzyme reduces the polyhalogenated compounds bound at the camphor-binding site.
A class of iron-sulfur proteins that contains one iron coordinated to the sulfur atom of four cysteine residues. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Unsaturated hydrocarbons of the type Cn-H2n, indicated by the suffix -ene. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p408)
The simplest saturated hydrocarbon. It is a colorless, flammable gas, slightly soluble in water. It is one of the chief constituents of natural gas and is formed in the decomposition of organic matter. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Placing of a hydroxyl group on a compound in a position where one did not exist before. (Stedman, 26th ed)
A genus of gram-negative, ellipsoidal or rod-shaped bacteria whose major source of energy and reducing power is from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite. Its species occur in soils, oceans, lakes, rivers, and sewage disposal systems.
A condensation product of riboflavin and adenosine diphosphate. The coenzyme of various aerobic dehydrogenases, e.g., D-amino acid oxidase and L-amino acid oxidase. (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p972)
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and water as well as clinical specimens. Occasionally it is an opportunistic pathogen.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
A genus of gram-positive BACTERIA in the family Gordoniaceae, isolated from soil and from sputa of patients with chest disorders. It is also used for biotransformation of natural products.
A benzyl-indazole having analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It is used to reduce post-surgical and post-traumatic pain and edema and to promote healing. It is also used topically in treatment of RHEUMATIC DISEASES and INFLAMMATION of the mouth and throat.
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-tyrosine, tetrahydrobiopterin, and oxygen to 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine, dihydrobiopterin, and water. EC 1.14.16.2.
The second enzyme in the committed pathway for CHOLESTEROL biosynthesis, this enzyme catalyzes the first oxygenation step in the biosynthesis of STEROLS and is thought to be a rate limiting enzyme in this pathway. Specifically, this enzyme catalyzes the conversion of SQUALENE to (S)-squalene-2,3-epoxide.
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.
An enzyme that utilizes NADH or NADPH to reduce FLAVINS. It is involved in a number of biological processes that require reduced flavin for their functions such as bacterial bioluminescence. Formerly listed as EC 1.6.8.1 and EC 1.5.1.29.
A flavoprotein that catalyzes the reduction of heme-thiolate-dependent monooxygenases and is part of the microsomal hydroxylating system. EC 1.6.2.4.
These enzymes catalyze the elimination of ammonia from amidines with the formation of a double bond. EC 4.3.2.
Systems of enzymes which function sequentially by catalyzing consecutive reactions linked by common metabolic intermediates. They may involve simply a transfer of water molecules or hydrogen atoms and may be associated with large supramolecular structures such as MITOCHONDRIA or RIBOSOMES.
Derivatives of the dimethylisoalloxazine (7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4(3H,10H)-dione) skeleton. Flavin derivatives serve an electron transfer function as ENZYME COFACTORS in FLAVOPROTEINS.
A large group of aerobic bacteria which show up as pink (negative) when treated by the gram-staining method. This is because the cell walls of gram-negative bacteria are low in peptidoglycan and thus have low affinity for violet stain and high affinity for the pink dye safranine.
A family of halophilic bacteria in the order Oceanospirillales. Its principal carbon and energy sources are linear-chain ALKANES and their derivatives.
An antiseptic and disinfectant aromatic alcohol.
A highly volatile inhalation anesthetic used mainly in short surgical procedures where light anesthesia with good analgesia is required. It is also used as an industrial solvent. Prolonged exposure to high concentrations of the vapor can lead to cardiotoxicity and neurological impairment.
A widely used industrial solvent.
Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
A family of gram-negative methanotrophs in the order Rhizobiales, distantly related to the nitrogen-fixing and phototrophic bacteria.
The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Hydrocarbon compounds with one or more of the hydrogens replaced by CHLORINE.
A plastic substance deposited by insects or obtained from plants. Waxes are esters of various fatty acids with higher, usually monohydric alcohols. The wax of pharmacy is principally yellow wax (beeswax), the material of which honeycomb is made. It consists chiefly of cerotic acid and myricin and is used in making ointments, cerates, etc. (Dorland, 27th ed)
A family of aerobic gram-negative rods that are nitrogen fixers. They are highly viscous, and appear as a semitransparent slime in giant colonies.
Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Drug metabolizing enzymes which oxidize methyl ethers. Usually found in liver microsomes.
A drug-metabolizing enzyme found in the hepatic, placental and intestinal microsomes that metabolizes 7-alkoxycoumarin to 7-hydroxycoumarin. The enzyme is cytochrome P-450- dependent.
A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS, which is found in SOIL and WATER.
Phenols substituted with one or more chlorine atoms in any position.
A genus of gram-negative bacteria of the family MORAXELLACEAE, found in soil and water and of uncertain pathogenicity.
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Compounds used extensively as acetylation, oxidation and dehydrating agents and in the modification of proteins and enzymes.
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
Toxic chlorinated unsaturated hydrocarbons. Include both the 1,1- and 1,2-dichloro isomers. Both isomers are toxic, but 1,1-dichloroethylene is the more potent CNS depressant and hepatotoxin. It is used in the manufacture of thermoplastic polymers.
An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.
Organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen in the form of an unsaturated, usually hexagonal ring structure. The compounds can be single ring, or double, triple, or multiple fused rings.
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus PSEUDOMONAS, containing multiple genomovars. It is distinguishable from other pseudomonad species by its ability to use MALTOSE and STARCH as sole carbon and energy sources. It can degrade ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS and has been used as a model organism to study denitrification.
A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.
Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
A species of nonpathogenic fluorescent bacteria found in feces, sewage, soil, and water, and which liquefy gelatin.
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.
A colorless liquid used as a solvent and an antiseptic. It is one of the ketone bodies produced during ketoacidosis.
A heavy metal trace element with the atomic symbol Cu, atomic number 29, and atomic weight 63.55.
An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.
8-Hydroxyquinolinols chlorinated on the number 5 and/or 7 carbon atom(s). They are antibacterial, antiprotozoal, and antidiarrheal, especially in amebiasis, and have also been used as antiseborrheics. The compounds are mostly used topically, but have been used also as animal feed additives. They may cause optic and other neuropathies and are most frequently administered in combination with other agents.
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of TRYPTOPHAN to 5-HYDROXYTRYPTOPHAN in the presence of NADPH and molecular oxygen. It is important in the biosynthesis of SEROTONIN.
A genus of saprobic mushrooms in the family Bolbitiaceae that grow in grass, dung, garden mulch, or in woods.
Organic compounds that include a cyclic ether with three ring atoms in their structure. They are commonly used as precursors for POLYMERS such as EPOXY RESINS.
The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.
A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.
Compounds in which one or more of the three hydroxyl groups of glycerol are in ethereal linkage with a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohol; one or two of the hydroxyl groups of glycerol may be esterified. These compounds have been found in various animal tissue.
A coenzyme for a number of oxidative enzymes including NADH DEHYDROGENASE. It is the principal form in which RIBOFLAVIN is found in cells and tissues.
A flavoprotein that catalyzes the synthesis of protocatechuic acid from 4-hydroxybenzoate in the presence of molecular oxygen. EC 1.14.13.2.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
Rhodium. A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh. (Dorland, 28th ed)
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of BENZOATE to 4-hydroxybenzoate. It requires IRON and tetrahydropteridine.

The PalkBFGHJKL promoter is under carbon catabolite repression control in Pseudomonas oleovorans but not in Escherichia coli alk+ recombinants. (1/260)

The alk genes are located on the OCT plasmid of Pseudomonas oleovorans and encode an inducible pathway for the utilization of n-alkanes as carbon and energy sources. We have investigated the influence of alternative carbon sources on the induction of this pathway in P. oleovorans and Escherichia coli alk+ recombinants. In doing so, we confirmed earlier reports that induction of alkane hydroxylase activity in pseudomonads is subject to carbon catabolite repression. Specifically, synthesis of the monooxygenase component AlkB is repressed at the transcriptional level. The alk genes have been cloned into plasmid pGEc47, which has a copy number of about 5 to 10 per cell in both E. coli and pseudomonads. Pseudomonas putida GPo12 is a P. oleovorans derivative cured of the OCT plasmid. Upon introduction of pGEc47 in this strain, carbon catabolite repression of alkane hydroxylase activity was reduced significantly. In cultures of recombinant E. coli HB101 and W3110 carrying pGEc47, induction of AlkB and transcription of the alkB gene were no longer subject to carbon catabolite repression. This suggests that carbon catabolite repression of alkane degradation is regulated differently in Pseudomonas and in E. coli strains. These results also indicate that PalkBFGHJKL, the Palk promoter, might be useful in attaining high expression levels of heterologous genes in E. coli grown on inexpensive carbon sources which normally trigger carbon catabolite repression of native expression systems in this host.  (+info)

Characterization of cytochrome P450 expression in human oesophageal mucosa. (2/260)

The expression of cytochrome (CYP) P450 enzymes in human oesophageal mucosa was investigated in a total of 25 histologically non-neoplastic surgical tissue specimens by using specific antibodies in immunoblots and by RT-PCR mRNA analysis. The presence of CYP1A, 2E1, 3A and 4A enzymes was demonstrated by both techniques; CYP2A reactive protein was also detected by immunoblot. The presence of CYP4B1 mRNA was established but no specific antibody was available for detection of the corresponding protein by immunoblot. CYP2B6/7 mRNA was not detected in any sample. The mRNA transcripts for CYP1A1, 2E1, 4A11 and 4B1 were consistently detected in the majority of samples (>84%), whereas CYP1A2 mRNA was only detected in 11 of 19 specimens examined. An RT-PCR method to differentiate CYP3A4 and 3A5 mRNA was developed. This demonstrated CYP3A5 mRNA expression in all samples tested, whereas CYP3A4 mRNA was not detectable, suggesting that CYP3A5 is the major CYP3A protein in human oesophagus. There were significant interindividual variations in the amount of proteins, ranging from 8-fold for CYP4A to 43-fold for CYP2E1. For each patient, data on exposure to risk factors for oesophageal cancer were available, including tobacco smoke, alcohol, gastro-oesophageal reflux and hot beverage consumption. None of these risk factors or other patient characteristics (age, sex, tumour location and tumour stage) were correlated with the protein level of the individual CYP enzymes as determined by quantitation of immunoblot staining. However, the small series of samples precludes any strong conclusion concerning the lack of such correlations. There were no differences between squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas in either the qualitative or quantitative expression of the CYP enzymes. These data demonstrate that a range of CYP enzymes are expressed in human oesophageal mucosa and indicate that this tissue has the capacity to activate chemical carcinogens to reactive DNA binding metabolites.  (+info)

Role of the alternative sigma factor sigmaS in expression of the AlkS regulator of the Pseudomonas oleovorans alkane degradation pathway. (3/260)

The AlkS protein activates transcription from the PalkB promoter, allowing the expression of a number of genes required for the assimilation of alkanes in Pseudomonas oleovorans. We have identified the promoter from which the alkS gene is transcribed, PalkS, and analyzed its expression under different conditions and genetic backgrounds. Transcription from PalkS was very low during the exponential phase of growth and increased considerably when cells reached the stationary phase. The PalkS -10 region was similar to the consensus described for promoters recognized by Escherichia coli RNA polymerase bound to the alternative sigma factor sigmaS, which directs the expression of many stationary-phase genes. Reporter strains containing PalkS-lacZ transcriptional fusions showed that PalkS promoter is very weakly expressed in a Pseudomonas putida strain bearing an inactivated allele of the gene coding for sigmaS, rpoS. When PalkS was transferred to E. coli, transcription started at the same site and expression was higher in stationary phase only if sigmaS-RNA polymerase was present. The low levels of AlkS protein generated in the absence of sigmaS were enough to support a partial induction of the PalkB promoter. The -10 and -35 regions of PalkS promoter also show some similarity to the consensus recognized by sigmaD-RNA polymerase, the primary form of RNA polymerase. We propose that in exponential phase PalkS is probably recognized both by sigmaD-RNA polymerase (inefficiently) and by sigmaS-RNA polymerase (present at low levels), leading to low-level expression of the alkS gene. sigmaS-RNA polymerase would be responsible for the high level of activity of PalkS observed in stationary phase.  (+info)

Insulin differentially affects xenobiotic-enhanced, cytochrome P-450 (CYP)2E1, CYP2B, CYP3A, and CYP4A expression in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. (4/260)

Uncontrolled diabetes results in enhanced expression of cytochrome P-450 (CYP)2E1, CYP2B, CYP3A, and CYP4A. Because of the simultaneous and confounding metabolic and hormonal changes that occur in vivo as a consequence of diabetes, primary cultured rat hepatocytes provide an excellent model system for examination of the effects of insulin on P-450 expression and on xenobiotic-mediated P-450 expression. In the present study, we examined the effects of insulin on pyridine-, phenobarbital-, and ciprofibrate-mediated expression of CYP2E1, CYP2B, CYP3A, and CYP4A in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. Pyridine addition to primary rat hepatocytes cultured in the presence of 1 nM insulin or in the absence of insulin resulted in a 3.5-fold and 3-fold enhancement in CYP2E1 protein expression, respectively, in the absence of any pyridine-mediated increase in mRNA expression. In contrast, hepatocytes cultured in the standard concentration of 1 microM insulin resulted in only a 2-fold increase in protein expression. Thus, the fold-induction of CYP2E1 protein in response to pyridine was 1.5- to 1.8-fold greater in either the absence of insulin or in the presence of 1 nM insulin, respectively, than that monitored in the presence of 1 microM insulin. To examine whether insulin effects on xenobiotic-mediated CYP2E1 expression were selective, insulin effects on xenobiotic-mediated expression of transcriptionally regulated CYP2B, CYP3A, and CYP4A were examined. Pyridine- or phenobarbital-mediated induction of CYP2B mRNA and protein expression in hepatocytes was suppressed by as much as 80% at lower insulin levels (0 and 1 nM), relative to the level monitored in the presence of 1 microM insulin. Omitting insulin from the medium resulted in a 50% decrease in CYP3A mRNA levels in response to phenobarbital treatment and a 30% decrease in CYP4A mRNA levels in response to ciprofibrate treatment, relative to the level obtained in response to these treatments in the presence of 1 microM insulin. The results of this study demonstrate that decreasing the insulin level in the primary hepatocyte culture medium enhanced xenobiotic-mediated CYP2E1 expression, whereas lower insulin levels suppressed xenobiotic-mediated CYP2B, CYP3A, and CYP4A expression in this cell culture system.  (+info)

Hypoxia-induced production of 12-hydroxyeicosanoids in the corneal epithelium: involvement of a cytochrome P-4504B1 isoform. (5/260)

The corneal epithelium metabolizes arachidonic acid by a cytochrome P-450 (CYP)-mediated activity to 12-hydroxy-5,8,11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid (12(R)-HETE) and 12-hydroxy-5,8, 14-eicosatrienoic acid (12(R)-HETrE ). Both metabolites possess potent inflammatory properties, with 12(R)-HETrE being a powerful angiogenic factor, and they assume the role of inflammatory mediators in hypoxia- and chemical-induced injury in the cornea in vivo and in vitro. We used a model of corneal organ culture that exhibits hypoxia-induced epithelial CYP-dependent 12(R)-HETE and 12(R)-HETrE synthesis for isolating, identifying, and characterizing the CYP protein responsible for these eicosanoid syntheses. Northern analysis revealed the presence of a CYP4A-hybridizable mRNA, the levels of which were increased after hypoxia. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis with primers specific for the CYP4A family led to the isolation of a 671-base pair fragment with a 98.8% sequence homology to the rabbit lung CYP4B1 isoform, of which the levels in the corneal epithelium were greatly increased under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, phenobarbital, an inducer of hepatic CYP4B1 in the rabbit, also induced 12-HETE and 12-HETrE synthesis. Antibodies against CYP4B1, but not against CYP4A1, inhibited hypoxia-, clofibrate-, and phenobarbital-induced 12-HETE and 12-HETrE synthesis. These results suggest the involvement of a CYP4B1 isoform in the corneal epithelial synthesis of these eicosanoids in response to hypoxia.  (+info)

Arachidonic acid and PGE2 regulation of hepatic lipogenic gene expression. (6/260)

N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) suppress hepatic and adipocyte de novo lipogenesis by inhibiting the transcription of genes encoding key lipogenic proteins. In cultured 3T3-L1 adipocytes, arachidonic acid (20:4,n-6) suppression of lipogenic gene expression requires cyclooxygenase (COX) activity. In this study, we found no evidence to support a role for COX-1 or -2 in the 20:4,n-6 inhibition of hepatocyte lipogenic gene expression. In contrast to L1 preadipocytes, adipocytes and rat liver, RT-PCR and Western analyses did not detect COX-1 or COX-2 expression in cultured primary hepatocytes. Moreover, the COX inhibitor, flurbiprofen, did not affect the 20:4,n-6 regulation of lipogenic gene expression in primary hepatocytes. Despite the absence of COX-1 and -2 expression in primary hepatocytes, prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGF2alpha) suppressed fatty acid synthase, l-pyruvate kinase, and the S14 protein mRNA, while having no effect on acyl-CoA oxidase or CYP4A2 mRNA. Using PGE2 receptor agonist, the PGE2 effect on lipogenic gene expression was linked to EP3 receptors. PGE2 inhibited S14CAT activity in transfected primary hepatocytes and targeted the S14 PUFA-response region located -220 to -80 bp upstream from the transcription start site. Taken together, these studies show that COX-1 and COX-2 do not contribute to the n-6 PUFA suppression of hepatocyte lipogenic gene expression. However, cyclooxygenase products from non-parenchymal cells can act on parenchymal cells through a paracrine process and mimic the effects of n-6 PUFA on lipogenic gene expression.  (+info)

Kinetic profile of the rat CYP4A isoforms: arachidonic acid metabolism and isoform-specific inhibitors. (7/260)

20-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), the cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 4A omega-hydroxylation product of arachidonic acid, has potent biological effects on renal tubular and vascular functions and on the control of arterial pressure. We have expressed high levels of the rat CYP4A1, -4A2, -4A3, and -4A8 cDNAs, using baculovirus and Sf 9 insect cells. Arachidonic acid omega- and omega-1-hydroxylations were catalyzed by three of the CYP4A isoforms; the highest catalytic efficiency of 947 nM-1. min-1 for CYP4A1 was followed by 72 and 22 nM-1. min-1 for CYP4A2 and CYP4A3, respectively. CYP4A2 and CYP4A3 exhibited an additional arachidonate 11,12-epoxidation activity, whereas CYP4A1 operated solely as an omega-hydroxylase. CYP4A8 did not catalyze arachidonic or linoleic acid but did have a detectable lauric acid omega-hydroxylation activity. The inhibitory activity of various acetylenic and olefinic fatty acid analogs revealed differences and indicated isoform-specific inhibition. These studies suggest that CYP4A1, despite its low expression in extrahepatic tissues, may constitute the major source of 20-HETE synthesis. Moreover, the ability of CYP4A2 and -4A3 to catalyze the formation of two opposing biologically active metabolites, 20-HETE and 11, 12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, may be of great significance to the regulation of vascular tone.  (+info)

Regulation of P-450 4A activity in the glomerulus of the rat. (8/260)

We recently reported that an enzyme of the cytochrome P-450 4A family is expressed in the glomerulus, but there is no evidence that 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) can be produced by this tissue. The purpose of present study was to determine whether glomeruli isolated from the kidney of rats can produce 20-HETE and whether the production of this metabolite is regulated by nitric oxide (NO) and dietary salt intake. Isolated glomeruli produced 20-HETE, dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids, and 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (4.13 +/- 0.38, 4.20 +/- 0.38, and 2. 10 +/- 0.20 pmol. min-1. mg protein-1, respectively) when incubated with arachidonic acid (10 microM). The formation of 20-HETE was dependent on the availability of NADPH and the PO2 of the incubation medium. The formation of 20-HETE was inhibited by NO donors in a concentration-dependent manner. The production of 20-HETE was greater in glomeruli isolated from the kidneys of rats fed a low-salt diet than in kidneys of rats fed a high-salt diet (5.67 +/- 0.32 vs. 2.83 +/- 0.32 pmol. min-1. mg protein-1). Immunoblot experiments indicated that the expression of P-450 4A protein in glomeruli from the kidneys of rats fed a low-salt diet was sixfold higher than in kidneys of rats fed a high-salt diet. These results indicate that arachidonic acid is primarily metabolized to 20-HETE and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids in glomeruli and that glomerular P-450 activity is modulated by NO and dietary salt intake.  (+info)

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Subject: PGEC Web Page for Arabidopsis Genome Sequencing From: A. Theologis To: Arabidopsis Community The Plant Genome Sequencing Laboratory at the PGEC created in my lab a few months ago is pleased to announce the establishment of its web site at the following address: http://pgec-genome.pw.usda.gov We will post information at this site regarding our progress on sequencing part of Chromosome 1 in collaboration with the Stanford Genome Center and the University of Pennsylvania (the SPP Consortium). Lists of (a) BACs selected for sequencing during the first year, (b) M13 libraries constructed for sequencing, (c) and BACs currently sequenced at the three SPP sites, and other useful information, are now available at this site. In addition, our progress on sequencing the YAC Y8H12 is also available. Our policy for data release and how it can be accessed is also posted at this site. Hyperlinks to the sites of the other two SPP members are also possible through this site. -- i,JJLL,i A. Theologis , @ ...
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As explained earlier the catalytic component of the alkane hydroxylase system is an integral membrane protein. Characterization must thus be done using an intact-membrane setup. An option which has been explored in literature [1] is the resting-cell assay a.k.a. biotransformation assay. These assays will indicate the presence or absence of the desired enzymes, regardless of the alkanes utilization for growth. The logic behind this is to stall the growth of a large volume of cells by using nitrogen-deficient medium to test their alkane conversion capabilities at near-zero growth. Extraction hydrocarbons from the medium using an apolar solvent (such as ethyl acetate) after the reaction and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography would indicate the presence of the corresponding alkanol and/or the decrease of alkane. For more on the experimental setup click [here], for the extraction method [here] and for the gas chromatography program [here]. ...
As explained earlier the catalytic component of the alkane hydroxylase system is an integral membrane protein. Characterization must thus be done using an intact-membrane setup. An option which has been explored in literature [1] is the resting-cell assay a.k.a. biotransformation assay. These assays will indicate the presence or absence of the desired enzymes, regardless of the alkanes utilization for growth. The logic behind this is to stall the growth of a large volume of cells by using nitrogen-deficient medium to test their alkane conversion capabilities at near-zero growth. Extraction hydrocarbons from the medium using an apolar solvent (such as ethyl acetate) after the reaction and subsequent analysis by gas chromatography would indicate the presence of the corresponding alkanol and/or the decrease of alkane. For more on the experimental setup see the following pages: ...
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Definition of Alkane 1-monooxygenase with photos and pictures, translations, sample usage, and additional links for more information.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
Background: Lauric acid (LA) has antimicrobial effects and the potential to replace antibiotics in feeds to prevent postweaning diarrhea and increase overall sw
This video lecture from Chemistry Class 10Th covers topic of Physical properties of Alkanes. In this Video Lecture Instructor has explained in
The molecular structure of alkanes have single covalent bonds High_School_Diploma and GCSE revision guides for higher and lower tier students studying chemistry
The compounds [Cp(CO)3W{(CH2)nX}] (X = Br, I; n = 3 - 6) were prepared in high yield by the reaction ofNa[Cp(CO)3W ] with Br(CH2)nBr. The bromoalkyl compounds were subsequently reacted with NaI to give the corresponding ...
| Temelleri 1940l y llara dayanan Acar Kimya, kimyevi hammadde ithalat , ihracat ve pazarlamas yapmaktad r. Firmam z, m teri talepleri do rultusunda fason retim, dan manl k hizmeti ve teknik destek hizmeti de vermektedir.
Other names: ATCC 8062, CCUG 2087, CFBP 5589, CIP 59.11, IFO 13583, JCM 11598, LMG 2229, NBRC 13583, NCIMB 6576, NCTC 10692, NRRL B-778, P. oleovorans, Pseudomonas oleovorans, Pseudomonas sp. MGY01 ...
Other names: ATCC 8062, CCUG 2087, CFBP 5589, CIP 59.11, IFO 13583, JCM 11598, LMG 2229, NBRC 13583, NCIMB 6576, NCTC 10692, NRRL B-778, P. oleovorans, Pseudomonas oleovorans, Pseudomonas sp. MGY01 ...
Pseudomonas putida GPo1 alkane hydroxylase (AlkB) is an integral membrane protein that catalyses the hydroxylation of medium-chain alkanes (C3-C12). 1-Octyne irreversibly inhibits this non-haem di-iron mono-oxygenase under turnover conditions, suggesting that it acts as a mechanism-based inactivator. Upon binding to the active site, 1-octyne is postulated to be oxidized to an oxirene that rapidly rearranges to a reactive ketene which covalently acylates nearby residues, resulting in enzyme inactivation. In analysis of inactivated AlkB by LC-MS/MS, several residues exhibited a mass increase of 126.1 Da, corresponding to the octanoyl moiety derived from oxidative activation of 1-octyne. Mutagenesis studies of conserved acylated residues showed that Lys18 plays a critical role in enzyme function, as a single-point mutation of Lys18 to alanine (K18A) completely abolished enzymatic activity. Finally, we present a computational 3D model structure of the transmembrane domain of AlkB, which revealed the ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Transport of octanoate by Pseudomonas oleovorans. AU - Toscano, W. A.. AU - Hartline, R. A.. PY - 1973/12/1. Y1 - 1973/12/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0015805572&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0015805572&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. C2 - 4745429. AN - SCOPUS:0015805572. VL - 116. SP - 541. EP - 547. JO - Journal of Bacteriology. JF - Journal of Bacteriology. SN - 0021-9193. IS - 2. ER - ...
Zhang X, Li S, Zhou Y et al.. Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Mar 2017.. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by simple hepatic steatosis (SS), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), hepatic fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Dysregulated fatty acid metabolism in the liver plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Cytochrome P450 omega-hydroxylase 4A14 (CYP4A14) is a homolog of human CYP4A hydroxylase that catalyzes omega-hydroxylation of medium-chain fatty acids and arachidonic acid in mice. The goal of this study was to determine the role of CYP4A14 in the development and the progression of NAFLD. Here, we showed that hepatic CYP4A expression was up-regulated in the livers of patients and three murine models of NAFLD. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of CYP4A14 in the livers of C57BL/6 mice resulted in a fatty liver phenotype with a ...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of HET0016, a selective inhibitor of 20-HETE synthesis, decreases pro-angiogenic factors and inhibits growth of triple negative breast cancer in mice. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
The complete structural and molecular formula for the alkane series of hydrocarbons.. Click on each image to show or hide the proper name of the alkane and its molecular formula.. ...
Lauric acid is a saturated fat found in vegetables that provides a multitude of health benefits, such as helping to treat viral infections, according to WebMD. It is also used to make vegetable...
Pris: 1559 kr. Inbunden, 2008. Skickas inom 7-10 vardagar. Köp Mechanisms of Atmospheric Oxidation of the Alkanes av Jack G Calvert på Bokus.com.
90622-49-4 - Alkanes, C10-32, chlorosulfonated, reaction products with ammonia - Searchable synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.
Correct spelling for the English word alkane is [ˈalke͡ɪn], [ˈalke‍ɪn], [ˈa_l_k_eɪ_n] (IPA phonetic alphabet).. ...
15H-11,12-EETA; (5Z,8Z,13E)-(15S)-11,12-Epoxy-15-hydroxyeicosa-5,8,13-trienoic acid; (5Z,8Z,13E)-(15S)-11,12-Epoxy-15-hydroxyicosa-5,8,13-trienoic acid; 15-Hydroxy-11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid; C14781 ...
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In the new practice depth paper (the one on the google drive link) question 5c where it asks you to identify the molecular formula of alkane X, I identified that the alkane has 7 carbon atoms in it so assumed its formula was C7H16 due to this being the general formula of alkanes. Yet the answer was C7H14, why is this ...
Isohexadecane is part of the paraffin or alkane family of molecules. Alkanes are acyclic saturated hydrocarbon, i.e. molecules made of…. ...
In butane it is the rotation about the C2-C3 bond that is of most interest since the relative position of the two methyl groups is important. This can be seen most easily by rotating the molecule to view it down the C2-C3 bond. The more important conformations are shown below ...
Today room thirteen were building bridges out of straws. We were working hard with our straws. We worked as a team. At the beginning we w ...
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We all have our own history of medicine. From birth and broken bones in our adventurous youth to routine trips to the dentist, doctor and optician, visits to loved ones in hospital and experiences of loss. We are deeply invested in our own health and that of friends and family. Opening on 16 November, Medicine: The Wellcome Galleries creates a magnificent new home for the most significant medical collections in the world, providing a rich historical context for our experience of medicine today and featuring moving personal stories from patients and practitioners. The vast galleries cover more than 3000m², an area equivalent to 1,500 hospital beds. The five new galleries reveal how the quest to better understand the human body has transformed medicine. They examine treatments that save, improve and sometimes harm lives, highlight the health challenges faced by populations and uncover our hopes and fears about health. Over three thousand medical artefacts from the extraordinary collections of ...
Many bacteria capable of degrading long-chain alkanes have been isolated, and the enzyme systems that oxidize long-chain n-alkanes up to C16 have been characterized (see references 18, 26, and 30 for reviews). Although long-chain alkanes are more persistent in the environment than shorter-chain alkanes, genes involved in degradation of n-alkanes longer than C16 had not been reported prior to the work of Throne-Holst et al. (25) and Feng et al. (5). A flavin-binding monooxygenase involved in oxidation of very-long-chain n-alkanes up to C32 has been characterized in Acinetobacter sp. strain DSM17874 (25), and LadA from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2 is the first long-chain n-alkane monooxygenase functional on alkanes in the range from C15 to C36 to be cloned and structurally characterized from a Gram-positive strain (5). Both enzymes show little or no homology with the widespread and well-characterized AlkB-type alkane hydroxylases usually reported as being functional on long-chain ...
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0004] Provided herein are recombinant phototrophic microorganisms, comprising one or more alkane oxidation genes whose expression results in oxidation of alkanes and assimilation of the resulting products into the central metabolic pathways in phototrophic organisms such as cyanobacteria. The one or more alkane oxidation genes can be an alkane monooxygenase, an alcohol dehydrogenase or an aldehyde assimilatory gene. The recombinant photosynthetic organism converts the entire feed of alkane into the targeted product because it uses sunlight to provide energy and oxygen needed for oxidation of alkanes. Having the ability to couple oxidation of alkanes such as methane with sunlight in the recombinant phototrophic organism and energy can allow molecules of interest (e.g., butanol) to be produced biologically from natural gas in an efficient and cost effective manner. Because the recombinant phototrophic organism converts alkanes into metabolic products that are natively part of central metabolic ...
Pseudomonas oleovorans ATCC ® 8062™ Designation: TypeStrain=True Application: Assay of antimicrobial preservatives Bioresistance testing
22 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) is the principal arachidonic acid metabolite in tubular and vascular structures of the rat kidney. In the tubules it inhibits sodium reabsorption, while in the renal microcirculation it is a vasoconstrictor and a regulator of myogenic tone. 20-HETE synthesis is catalyzed by the cytochrome P450 (CYP) 4A isoforms (4A1, 4A2, 4A3 and 4A8). Our studies indicated that despite the high homology, these isoforms display distinct catalytic properties. CYP4A1 is the low Km isoform and thus, by far, the most efficient 20-HETE synthesizing enzyme. Whereas CYP4A1 is solely an ω-hydroxylase, CYP4A2 and CYP4A3 also catalyze arachidonate 11,12-epoxidation. Systemic administration of CYP4A1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides reduced the level of CYP4A proteins and 20-HETE synthesis in renal vessels by 50%, and decreased blood pressure in SHR from 137±3 to 121±4 mmHg (p , 0.05). Immunoblot analysis and inhibitor studies indicated that within the renal vasculature CYP4A1 ...
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Advances in fossil fuel exploration have continued to drive availability of lower alkane feedstocks for the chemical industry. Lower alkanes are potential precursors to the plethora of basic organic chemicals. However, conversion of lower alkanes to valuable chemicals often involves indirect or multi-step reaction routes. Developing direct routes to obtain key organic chemicals from lower alkanes would benefit industry. Dehydrogenation of C2 and C3 alkanes are particularly of interest as alternatives to steam cracking and fluid catalytic cracking for obtaining C2 and C3 alkenes. This review highlights developments in non-oxidative, autothermal and oxidative dehydrogenation of C2 and C3 alkanes.We examine reaction routes to dehydrogenation of lower alkenes, and analyze the C-H activation mechanismof commercial catalysts in order to gain insight into rational design of improved catalysts for C2 and C3 alkane dehydrogenation at lower temperatures.. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Regulation of the cerebral circulation by cytochrome P450 epoxygenase activity. AU - Peng, Xinqi. AU - Carhuapoma, Juan R.. AU - Bhardwaj, Anish. AU - Alkayed, Nabil J.. AU - Harder, David R.. AU - Traystman, Richard J.. AU - Koehler, Raymond C.. PY - 2002/7/1. Y1 - 2002/7/1. N2 - Cytochrome P450 epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acid into epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which can dilate cerebral vessels. In glial cell cultures, glutamate stimulates the release of EETs. Thus, an astrocyte-based epoxygenase pathway could form a link in the coupling of blood flow to neuronal activity. To test this hypothesis, neuronal activation was produced by mechanical displacement of the whiskers of anesthetized rats while monitoring red cell flux by laser-Doppler flowmetry over whisker barrel sensory cortex. N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenol) hexanamide (MS-PPOH) or miconazole, two different types of P450 epoxygenase inhibitors, were superfused over the cortical surface in different ...
Looking for online definition of alkane in the Medical Dictionary? alkane explanation free. What is alkane? Meaning of alkane medical term. What does alkane mean?
Elshenawy OH, Shoieb SM, Mohamed A et al.. Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, AB, Canada. [email protected] Pharmaceutics. Feb 2017.. Cytochrome P450-mediated metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA) is an important pathway for the formation of eicosanoids. The ω-hydroxylation of AA generates significant levels of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) in various tissues. In the current review, we discussed the role of 20-HETE in the kidney, liver, lung, and brain during physiological and pathophysiological states. Moreover, we discussed the role of 20-HETE in tumor formation, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. In the kidney, 20-HETE is involved in modulation of preglomerular vascular tone and tubular ion transport. Furthermore, 20-HETE is involved in renal 19 ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury and polycystic kidney diseases. The role of 20-HETE in the liver is not clearly understood although it represents 50%-75% of liver CYP-dependent AA ...
Introduction. Developing Fuels Petrol is made up of alkanes, which are a type of hydrocarbon. These alkanes have carbon atoms connected four times to other carbon or hydrogen atoms by singular covalent bonds, and are therefore saturated. Alkanes have different structures. Some have a chain of carbons with hydrogens connected to them. They are called chain alkanes. Others have carbons interconnecting and are called branched alkanes. Petrol has short-chained alkanes and branched alkanes as these have high octane numbers. This means that, when the alkanes are put under pressure they explode smoothly and dont cause the engine to knock. If an alkane had an octane no. of 90 then it knocks the same amount as a mixture of 90% methylcyclohexane (knocks very little) and 10% n-heptane (knocks a lot). Petrol originally had mainly long chained alkanes. Therefore , as some alkanes have the same formula but different structures, they can be changed into other alkanes during isomerisation. ...read more. ...
Tī piau-chún chōng-hóng hā, CH4 kàu C4H10 sī khì-thé, C5H12 kàu C17H36 sī e̍k-thé, C18H38 chi-āu tō lóng-sī kò͘-thé. In-ūi hun-chú ê tāng-liōng sī éng-hióng alkane hut-tiám tōa-sè ê chú-iàu in-sò͘, in-chhú alkane hun-chú ê hut-tiám hām hun-chú-liōng ê tōa-sè ū sòaⁿ-sèng koan-hē. Iû piⁿ-á ê chhu-sè-tô͘ ē-sái khòaⁿ-chhut: múi cheng-ka chi̍t-ê carbon, alkane hun-chú ê hut-tiám tō ē cheng-ka 20 kàu 30°C.[3] Ti̍t-liān alkane ê hut-tiám lóng pí ū hun-chi ê kôaiⁿ, in-ūi hun-chi ē kiám-chió hun-chú chi-kan ê chiap-chhiok piáu-bīn-chek, khì éng-hióng-tio̍h alkane hun-chú chi-kan ê van der Waals le̍k. Pí-lūn-kóng, pí-kàu n-butane kah isobutane (2-methylpropane), in-ê hut-tiám hun-pia̍t sī 0°C kah -12°C.[3] ...
By synthesizing alkanes in organisms, alkanes can become a useful renewable energy source; CO2 emitted from burning the alkanes are converted to glucose through photosynthesis, and then the glucose can be fed to alkane-synthesizing organisms to restart the cycle. This cycle can be drastically improved if there were fewer steps in the cycle. We explored the possibility of optimizing the alkane biosynthesis system in different micro-organisms, with the idea that perhaps with autotrophic organisms, we do not need to obtain glucose for the reaction ...
View Notes - Chapter 3 from CHE 201 at SUNY Buffalo. Alkane Formulas All C-C single bonds Saturated with hydrogens Ratio: CnH2n+2 Alkane homologs: CH3(CH2)nCH3 Same ratio for branched
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Methods and catalysts for producing alcohols, ethers, and/or alkenes from alkanes are provided. More particularly, novel caged, or encapsulated, metal oxide catalysts and processes utilizing such catalysts to convert alkanes to alcohols and/or ethers and to convert alcohols and/or ethers to alkenes are provided.
P450BM3 (CYP102A1), a fatty acid hydroxylase from Bacillus megaterium, has been extensively studied over a period of almost forty years. The enzyme has been redesigned to catalyse the oxidation of non-natural substrates as diverse as pharmaceuticals, terpenes and gaseous alkanes using a variety of engineering strat
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The Bertz indices, derived by counting the number of connecting edges of line graphs of a molecule were used in deriving the QSPR models for the physicochemical properties of alkanes. The inability of these indices to identify the hetero centre in a chemical compound restricted their applications to hydrocarbons only. In the present work, a novel molecular descriptor has been derived from the weighted line graph of the molecular structure and applied in correlating the physicochemical properties of alkane isomers with these descriptors. A weight is tagged at the vertex of the line graph, which consequently modifies the weight of the edge. These descriptors were found to classify the alkane isomers and served well in deriving the QSPR models for various physicochemical properties. The mathematical calculations include the quantitative treatment on the role of substituents (alkyl) in governing the properties under study of the alkane isomers. Further, the use of weighted line graph in the enumeration of
Chemistry: The Molecular Science (5th Edition) answers to Chapter 2 - Chemical Compounds - Exercise 2.12 - Alkane Boiling Points - Page 73 c including work step by step written by community members like you. Textbook Authors: Moore, John W.; Stanitski, Conrad L., ISBN-10: 1285199049, ISBN-13: 978-1-28519-904-7, Publisher: Cengage Learning
Big molecules of Alkanes are heavy, they do not flow or burn easy. Our industry needs smaller and more reactive materials. We can use themal cracking to break these large molecules into smaller ones. The sample is vaporized and passed over a hot catalyst. Bonds inside the molecule are broken and double bonds are formed since there is a lack of hydrogens saturate the new compounds. It is a random process so the double bonds can produce a mixture of compounds. Since one molecule is broken in two, cracking is an example of a thermal decomposition reaction. ...
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... alkane monooxygenase, 1-hydroxylase, AlkB, and alkane hydroxylase. It contains a diiron non-heme active site. McKenna EJ, Coon ... In enzymology, an alkane 1-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.15.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactions an alkane + reduced ... Alkanes of 6 to 22 carbons have been observed as substrates. This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is alkane, reduced-rubredoxin:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase. Other names in common use ...
... camphor 5-monooxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.708.170.500 - alkane 1-monooxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.708.170.915 - steroid ... 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-monooxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.708.557 - kynurenine 3-monooxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.708.601 - ... trans-cinnamate 4-monooxygenase MeSH D08.622.509.700 - pepsinogen a MeSH D08.622.509.725 - pepsinogen c MeSH D08.622.610.500 - ... monophenol monooxygenase MeSH D08.811.682.690.708.170 - cytochrome p-450 enzyme system MeSH D08.811.682.690.708.170.040 - aryl ...
... alkane, reduced-rubredoxin:oxygen 1-oxidoreductase) octane + reduced rubredoxin + O2 = 1-octanol + oxidized rubredoxin + H2O EC ... 2-monooxygenase [(+)-camphor, reduced-rubredoxin:oxygen oxidoreductase (1,2-lactonizing)] (+)-bornane-2,5-dione + reduced ... 1] The lower Fe2+ cation change of the reduced state leaves a higher negative charge on the Cys 9 Sγ-donor which attracts water ... rubredoxin + O2 = 5-oxo-1,2-campholide + oxidized rubredoxin + H2O EC 1.14.15.3 alkane 1-monooxygenase ( ...
The n-alkanes are oxidized by monooxygenase to secondary alcohols, then to ketones and finally to fatty acids. R 1 − ( CH 2 ... linear alkanes branched alkanes > small aromatics > cyclic alkanes. Some compounds, such as the high molecular weight ... From the oxidation of the methyl group of n-alkanes by the alkane hydroxylase, n-alkanols are released which are further ... where toluene is converted into o-cresol by toluene 2-monooxygenase and subsequently another monooxygenase converts it to 3- ...
... olei to utilize petroleum hydrocarbons in farmland soil can be explained by its lack of alkane monooxygenase and aromatic ring- ... 1-13. ISBN 978-1-118-96060-8. Yabuuchi, E.; T. Kaneko; I. Yano; C.W. Moss; N. Miyoshi. (1 July 1983). "Sphingobacterium gen. ... Liu, Bin; Yang, Xiaojun; Sheng, Mengyao; Yang, Zhou; Qiu, Jiguo; Wang, Chenghong; He, Jian (1 March 2020). "Sphingobacterium ... 1 June 2017). "Sphingobacterium alkalisoli sp. nov., isolated from a saline-alkaline soil". International Journal of Systematic ...
Rasche ME, Hicks RE, Hyman MR, Arp DJ (September 1990). "Oxidation of monohalogenated ethanes and n-chlorinated alkanes by ... "Evidence that particulate methane monooxygenase and ammonia monooxygenase may be evolutionarily related". FEMS Microbiology ... Ammonia+monooxygenase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC 1.14.99). ... Ammonia monooxygenase (EC 1.14.99.39, AMO) is an enzyme, which catalyses the following chemical reaction ammonia + AH2 + O2 ...
Musaev, Djamaladdin G.; Basch, Harold; Morokuma, Keiji (2002). "Theoretical Study of the Mechanism of Alkane Hydroxylation and ... "Computational studies of reaction mechanisms of methane monooxygenase and ribonucleotide reductase". Journal of Computational ... 23 (1): 59-76. doi:10.1002/jcc.1157. ISSN 0192-8651. PMID 11913390. S2CID 24420102. Basch, Harold; Ratner, Mark A. (2003). " ...
2-monooxygenase. EC 1.14.15.3: alkane 1-monooxygenase EC 1.14.15.4: steroid 11β-monooxygenase EC 1.14.15.5: corticosterone 18- ... valine N-monooxygenase EC 1.14.14.39: isoleucine N-monooxygenase EC 1.14.14.40: phenylalanine N-monooxygenase EC 1.14.14.41: (E ... steroid 17α-monooxygenase EC 1.14.99.10: Now EC 1.14.14.16, steroid 21-monooxygenase EC 1.14.99.11: estradiol 6β-monooxygenase ... arginine 2-monooxygenase EC 1.13.12.2: lysine 2-monooxygenase EC 1.13.12.3: tryptophan 2-monooxygenase EC 1.13.12.4: lactate 2- ...
Alkanes are the least reactive class of hydrocarbons due to their apolar sigma bonds. In the absence of high temperatures, high ... but serves as a reactant in the hydroxylation of both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons via monooxygenase and dioxygenase ... It has also been shown that AK-01 uses not only alkanes but also 1-alkenes, 1-alkanols, fatty acids and other organic acids as ... AK-01 is a delta-proteobacterium capable of using C13-C18 alkanes as growth substrates (So et al., 1999). Analysis of labeled ...
... (MMO) is an enzyme capable of oxidizing the C-H bond in methane as well as other alkanes. Methane ... The particulate methane monooxygenase and related ammonia monooxygenase are integral membrane proteins, occurring in ... "Evidence that particulate methane monooxygenase and ammonia monooxygenase may be evolutionarily related". FEMS Microbiology ... This is a classic monooxygenase reaction in which two reducing equivalents from NAD(P)H are utilized to split the O-O bond of ...
The transformation can also performed biologically by methane monooxygenase. Overall Transformation RH + H2O + [PtCl6]2− → ROH ... "Reactions of alkanes in solutions of platinum chloride complexes" Zh. Fiz. Khim. 1972, 46, 1353-13544 Gol'dshleger, N. F.; ... and the nucleophilic oxidation of the alkane substrate. An equivalent transformation is performed industrially by steam ... 1] and [2] ). Such premature oxidation shuts down the catalysis. Finally the PtIV-CH2R undergoes nucleophilic attack by OH− or ...
These monooxygenases are especially important, as they account for long-chain n-alkane hydroxylation. A. Pacificus is closely ... Found were genes encoding for four integral-membrane alkane monooxygenases, three cytochrome P450 enzymes, and four genes ... Part of this difference results from a 549 nucleotide fragment of the alkane hydroxylase gene alkB, which was amplified from ... Lai Q, Shao Z (December 2012). "Genome sequence of an alkane-degrading bacterium, Alcanivorax pacificus type strain W11-5, ...
Alkane hydroxylase is thought to play a similar role in pseudomonas species capable of polyethylene degradation. Once enzymes ... Following the monooxygenase step, the polystyrene molecule is transformed into phenylacetic acid during the upper pathway of ... Bacteria that are capable of degrading this molecule are documented to release monooxygenases to initiate the oxidization of ... 4 (1): 15. doi:10.1186/s40643-017-0145-9. ISSN 2197-4365. S2CID 3698066. Luu, Rita A.; Schneider, Benjamin J.; Ho, Christie C ...
Another example is Mycobacterium vaccae, which uses an alkane monooxygenase enzyme to oxidize propane. Accidentally, this ... OX1 can degrade PCE under aerobic conditions by using toluene-o-xylene monooxygenase (ToMO), an enzyme they produce to derive ... Several aerobic microorganisms have been demonstrated to be capable of doing this, including n-alkane, aromatic compound (e.g. ... These bacteria degrade their growth-substrate methane with the enzyme methane monooxygenase (MMO). MMO was discovered to be ...
The methanol reacts in the presence of a zeolite catalyst to form alkanes. In terms of mechanism, methanol is partially ... The relevant enzymes are methane monooxygenases, which are found both in soluble and particulate (i.e. membrane-bound) ... alkanes), aromatics, naphthenes (cycloalkanes) and small amounts of olefins (alkenes), mostly from C6 (number of carbon atoms ... Most of the non-condensed gas from the product separator becomes recycled gas and is sent back to the feed stream to Reactor 1 ...
The aerobic metabolism of alkanes is carried out through the terminal alkane oxidation pathway, where monooxygenases initiate ... borkumensis can consume a wider variety of alkanes than other known species. A. borkumensis primarily uses alkanes as its ... The A. borkumensis genome has many sequences that each code for a different type of alkane, allowing it to be highly adaptable ... Whereas most organisms use sugars or amino acids for their source of carbon/energy, A. borkumensis uses alkanes, a type of ...
Averaging across all studied species, 98.1%, 48.6%, and 76.4% of the initial Bunker C C10 alkane, C14 alkane, and phenanthrene ... certain fungi possess intracellular networks which constitute the xenome, consisting of cytochrome (CYP) P450 monooxygenases ... The subphylum Saccharomycotina mostly consists of yeasts and includes degraders of n-alkanes, n-alkylbenzenes, crude oil, the ... 198 (Pt 2): 1-11. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2017.05.010. PMID 28499155. The levels of adsorption of the phenolic and PAHs were ...
Thermophilic Thermus and Bacillus species have demonstrated higher gene expression for the alkane mono-oxygenase alkB at ... 5 (1): 109-16. doi:10.1111/j.1758-2229.2012.00348.x. PMID 23757139. Krupovic M, Gonnet M, Hania WB, Forterre P, Erauso G (2013 ... 26 (1): 44-71. doi:10.1039/b800164m. PMID 19374122. Rossi M, Ciaramella M, Cannio R, Pisani FM, Moracci M, Bartolucci S (July ... 4 (1): 110-21. Fakayode, S.O. (2005). "Impact assessment of industrial effluent on water quality of the receiving Alaro River ...
... or methane monooxygenase (MMO), which degrade various environmental pollutants (i.e.: alkanes, alkenes, and mono- and poly- ... encoding a subunit of particulate methane monooxygenase), and fae (encoding formaldehyde activating enzyme) genes." The data ... 1. p. 233-238. Baev M V, Chistoserdova L V, Polanuer B M, et al. "Effect of formaldehyde on growth of obligate methylotroph ... p. 1-10. Marchenko GN, Marchenko ND, Tsygankov YD, Chistoserdov AY. "Organization of threonine biosynthesis genes from the ...
The enzyme methane monooxygenase produces methanol from methane, but cannot be used for industrial-scale reactions. Some ... Etymologically, the word methane is coined from the chemical suffix "-ane", which denotes substances belonging to the alkane ... Hydrogen Cycle Industrial gas Lake Kivu (more general: limnic eruption) List of straight-chain alkanes Methanation Methane ... 57-58 McBride, James Michael (1999) "Development of systematic names for the simple alkanes". Chemistry Department, Yale ...
B4.820.464.40 Alkane 1-Monooxygenase D8.811.682.690.708.170.35 D8.244.453.450 D8.811.682.690.708.170.300 D12.776.422.220. ...
It is a very reduced product, with a similar amount of electron per carbon atom as alkanes. Alkanes have 6 - 6.3 electrons per ... Odd numbered alkanes For all even numbered alkanes the above reactions completely link them to the main network in CNA. All ... Alkane degradation== To link alkanes to the existing network, the beta-oxidation was chosen as entry point. The reactions from ... For odd numbered alkanes the final reaction however (n = 5), a propionyl-CoA is generated; n-saturated fatty acyl-CoA -> ...
Alkane 1-Monooxygenase. Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A. Carboxypeptidase U. Carboxypeptidase B2. Receptor, erbB-2. Receptor, ErbB-2. ...
Alkane 1-Monooxygenase. Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A. Carboxypeptidase U. Carboxypeptidase B2. Receptor, erbB-2. Receptor, ErbB-2. ...
Alkane 1-Monooxygenase. Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A. Carboxypeptidase U. Carboxypeptidase B2. Receptor, erbB-2. Receptor, ErbB-2. ...
Alkane 1-Monooxygenase. Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A. Carboxypeptidase U. Carboxypeptidase B2. Receptor, erbB-2. Receptor, ErbB-2. ...
Alkane 1-Monooxygenase. Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A. Carboxypeptidase U. Carboxypeptidase B2. Receptor, erbB-2. Receptor, ErbB-2. ...
Alkane 1-Monooxygenase. Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A. Carboxypeptidase U. Carboxypeptidase B2. Receptor, erbB-2. Receptor, ErbB-2. ...
Alkane 1-monooxygenase Active Synonym false false 142324010 Alkane 1-hydroxylase Active Synonym false false ...
Alkane 1-Monooxygenase. Cytochrome P-450 CYP4A. Carboxypeptidase U. Carboxypeptidase B2. Receptor, erbB-2. Receptor, ErbB-2. ...
Alkane hydroxylase MAH1 OS=Arabidopsis thaliana.... 0.03. Archaeplastida. LOC_Os01g58950.1. No alias. Cytochrome P450 94A1 OS= ... monooxygenase activity. None. Extended. MF. GO:0005488. binding. None. Extended. BP. GO:0006725. cellular aromatic compound ... Alkane hydroxylase MAH1 OS=Arabidopsis thaliana.... 0.03. Archaeplastida. Zm00001e028716_P001. No alias. fatty acyl omega- ... Alkane hydroxylase MAH1 OS=Arabidopsis thaliana.... 0.04. Archaeplastida. Solyc06g074420.1.1. No alias. jasmonoyl-amino acid ...
Alkane-1-monooxygenase 2; Catalyzes the hydroxylation of n-alkanes in the presence of a NADH-rubredoxin reductase and ... Alkane 1-monooxygenase 1; Catalyzes the hydroxylation of n-alkanes in the presence of a NADH-rubredoxin reductase and ... Alkane 1-monooxygenase 1; Catalyzes the hydroxylation of n-alkanes in the presence of a NADH-rubredoxin reductase and ... Alkane-1-monooxygenase 2; Catalyzes the hydroxylation of n-alkanes in the presence of a NADH-rubredoxin reductase and ...
1.14.15.3 alkane 1-monooxygenase - BRENDA: BS442710 1-Octanol + 2 NAD+ + H2O <=> Octanoate + 2 NADH + 2 H+ 1.1.1.1 alcohol ... tricaprylin + H2O <=> 1,3-Dioctanoylglycerol + Octanoate 3.1.1.3 triacylglycerol lipase 3.1.1.32 phospholipase A1 - - ... 1-octanoyl-rac-glycerol + H2O <=> Octanoate + glycerol 3.1.1.1 carboxylesterase 3.1.1.23 acylglycerol lipase 3.1.1.3 ... 1-Octanol + 2 NADP+ + H2O <=> Octanoate + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ 1.1.1.1 alcohol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.192 long-chain-alcohol ...
alkane + 2 reduced_rubredoxin + O2 + 2 H+ <=> 2 oxidized_rubredoxin + an_alcohol + H2O 1.14.15.3 alkane 1-monooxygenase - ... 1.14.14.1 unspecific monooxygenase - KEGG: R04121 an_alcohol + NAD+ <=> an_aldehyde + NADH + H+ 1.1.1.1 alcohol dehydrogenase ... an_aldehyde + 1,4-benzoquinone + H2O <=> fatty_acid + hydroquinone 1.2.5.2 aldehyde dehydrogenase (quinone) - ... 1.1.1.202 1,3-propanediol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.21 aldose reductase 1.1.1.244 methanol dehydrogenase 1.1.1.245 cyclohexanol ...
... and long-chain alkane monooxygenases (ladA) genes, and their roles in the degradation of n-alkanes and iso-alkanes have been ... Crystal structure of long-chain alkane monooxygenase (LadA) in complex with coenzyme FMN: unveiling the long-chain alkane ... long-chain alkane monooxygenase, cytochrome P450 CYP153 alkane hydroxylase, cyclopentanol dehydrogenase, cyclohexanone ... 2006). The degradation of n-alkanes and iso-alkanes by the consortium is indicated by the presence of potential alkB, CYP153 ...
The metagenome reads were further compared to a protein sequence library for alkane monooxygenase (alk B) on the freely ... The reads were identified by search in MG- rast 3; and against a reference library for alkane monooxygenase. ... The soluble methane monooxygenase was identified in the metagenomes from Tplain and OF2 as well. ... The proposed extended use of aromatic hydrocarbons as a carbon source could be a result of the lower alkane concentrations ...
Alkane 1-Monooxygenase. Alcano 1-Monooxigenase. Alcano 1-Monooxigenasa. Angiostatins. Angiostatinas. Angiostatinas. ... Receptor Tipo 1 de Galanina. Receptor de Galanina Tipo 1. Receptor, Galanin, Type 2. Receptor Tipo 2 de Galanina. Receptor de ... Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidasa. Glucan 1,4-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano 1,4-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano ... Celulose 1,4-beta-Celobiosidase. Celulosa 1,4-beta-Celobiosidasa. Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase. Colestenona 5 alfa-Redutase. ...
Alkane 1-Monooxygenase. Alcano 1-Monooxigenase. Alcano 1-Monooxigenasa. Angiostatins. Angiostatinas. Angiostatinas. ... Receptor Tipo 1 de Galanina. Receptor de Galanina Tipo 1. Receptor, Galanin, Type 2. Receptor Tipo 2 de Galanina. Receptor de ... Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidasa. Glucan 1,4-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano 1,4-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano ... Celulose 1,4-beta-Celobiosidase. Celulosa 1,4-beta-Celobiosidasa. Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase. Colestenona 5 alfa-Redutase. ...
Alkane 1-Monooxygenase. Alcano 1-Monooxigenase. Alcano 1-Monooxigenasa. Angiostatins. Angiostatinas. Angiostatinas. ... Receptor Tipo 1 de Galanina. Receptor de Galanina Tipo 1. Receptor, Galanin, Type 2. Receptor Tipo 2 de Galanina. Receptor de ... Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidasa. Glucan 1,4-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano 1,4-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano ... Celulose 1,4-beta-Celobiosidase. Celulosa 1,4-beta-Celobiosidasa. Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase. Colestenona 5 alfa-Redutase. ...
Alkane 1-Monooxygenase. Alcano 1-Monooxigenase. Alcano 1-Monooxigenasa. Angiostatins. Angiostatinas. Angiostatinas. ... Receptor Tipo 1 de Galanina. Receptor de Galanina Tipo 1. Receptor, Galanin, Type 2. Receptor Tipo 2 de Galanina. Receptor de ... Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidasa. Glucan 1,4-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano 1,4-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano ... Celulose 1,4-beta-Celobiosidase. Celulosa 1,4-beta-Celobiosidasa. Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase. Colestenona 5 alfa-Redutase. ...
Alkane 1-Monooxygenase. Alcano 1-Monooxigenase. Alcano 1-Monooxigenasa. Angiostatins. Angiostatinas. Angiostatinas. ... Receptor Tipo 1 de Galanina. Receptor de Galanina Tipo 1. Receptor, Galanin, Type 2. Receptor Tipo 2 de Galanina. Receptor de ... Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidasa. Glucan 1,4-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano 1,4-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano ... Celulose 1,4-beta-Celobiosidase. Celulosa 1,4-beta-Celobiosidasa. Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase. Colestenona 5 alfa-Redutase. ...
Alkane 1-Monooxygenase. Alcano 1-Monooxigenase. Alcano 1-Monooxigenasa. Angiostatins. Angiostatinas. Angiostatinas. ... Receptor Tipo 1 de Galanina. Receptor de Galanina Tipo 1. Receptor, Galanin, Type 2. Receptor Tipo 2 de Galanina. Receptor de ... Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidasa. Glucan 1,4-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano 1,4-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano ... Celulose 1,4-beta-Celobiosidase. Celulosa 1,4-beta-Celobiosidasa. Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase. Colestenona 5 alfa-Redutase. ...
Alkane 1-Monooxygenase. Alcano 1-Monooxigenase. Alcano 1-Monooxigenasa. Angiostatins. Angiostatinas. Angiostatinas. ... Receptor Tipo 1 de Galanina. Receptor de Galanina Tipo 1. Receptor, Galanin, Type 2. Receptor Tipo 2 de Galanina. Receptor de ... Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidasa. Glucan 1,4-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano 1,4-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano ... Celulose 1,4-beta-Celobiosidase. Celulosa 1,4-beta-Celobiosidasa. Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase. Colestenona 5 alfa-Redutase. ...
Alkane 1-Monooxygenase. Alcano 1-Monooxigenase. Alcano 1-Monooxigenasa. Angiostatins. Angiostatinas. Angiostatinas. ... Receptor Tipo 1 de Galanina. Receptor de Galanina Tipo 1. Receptor, Galanin, Type 2. Receptor Tipo 2 de Galanina. Receptor de ... Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano 1,3-beta-Glucosidasa. Glucan 1,4-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano 1,4-beta-Glucosidase. Glucano ... Celulose 1,4-beta-Celobiosidase. Celulosa 1,4-beta-Celobiosidasa. Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase. Colestenona 5 alfa-Redutase. ...
alkane 1-monooxygenase activity. 1. GO:0052869. arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylase activity. 1. ...
Jain, C. K.,Gupta, M., Prasad,Y., Wadhwa, G., Sharma, S. K., Homology modeling and protein engineering of alkane monooxygenase ... 1, pp. 71-76, March 2014 [Impact factor:1.28] .. *Kumar, K., Rajasekharan, S., Gulati, S., Rana, J., Gabrani, R., Jain, C.K., ... 1-5, 2014. *Kaushik,P., Jain,C., K., Gabrani,R., Singh, T. R., Study on variability assessment and evolutionary relationships ... 1 + 3 = Solve this simple math problem and enter the result. E.g. for 1+3, enter 4. ...
The BzOPhase mediated release of resorufin was inhibited by the straight chain alkanes with 6 to 11 carbons. This inhibition ... was directed at the cytochrome-P450 dependent monooxygenase activity. Up to concentrations of 10 millimolar (mM) the straight ... The in vitro effects of alkanes, alcohols, and ketones on rat lung cytochrome P450-dependent alkoxyphenoxazone dealkylase ... Alkanes; Author Keywords: Cytochrome P450; Lung; Hydrocarbons; Alcohols; Ketones ...
In OBD-3, the alkane monooxygenase genes alkB1 and alkB2 (GenBank accession numbers: MZ688386 and MZ688387) were found, which ... 1. PCDD/Fs in indoor environments of residential communities around a municipal solid waste incineration plant in East China: ... Although 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (1H2N) was accumulated obviously, the mineralization of PHE was more complete in the BS ... Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) has received concerns due to its frequent detection in environmental media and ...
Andria, V., Reichenauer, T. G. and Sessitsch, A. (2009). Expression of alkane monooxygenase (alkB) genes by plant-associated ... 1؛ احمد گلچین2؛ محمدصدیق مرتضوی3؛ رقیه همتی4؛ فاطمه شهریاری5 ... Journal of American Science, 3(1): 69-76.. Adenipekun, C. O. and Lawal, R. (2012). Uses of mushrooms in bioremediation: A ... Hadi Koohkan1؛ Ahmad Golchin2؛ Mohammad Sedigh Mortazavi3؛ Roghyeh Hemati4؛ Fatemeh Shahryari5 ...
... and n-alkanes. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, we detected a significant abundance of methylotrophic bacteria ... The importance of C1 metabolism in this niche was confirmed by amplifying the methane monooxygenase (MMO)-encoding gene (pmo) ... 10.1007/s00248-021-01748-1 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00248-021-01748-1 ...
  • The importance of C1 metabolism in this niche was confirmed by amplifying the methane monooxygenase (MMO)-encoding gene (pmo) from environmental DNA and the isolation of two strains closely related to Methylorubrum rhodesianum and Paracoccus communis with the ability to growth using methanol and formate as sole carbon source respectively. (ucr.ac.cr)
  • Figure 2''' - Reaction taken from [http://metacyc.org/META/new-image?type=REACTION&object=ALKANE-1-MONOOXYGENASE-RXN Metacyc]]] The reaction for AlkB2 is shown in figure 2. (igem.org)
  • Alkane hydroxylase MAH1 OS=Arabidopsis thaliana. (ntu.edu.sg)
  • The T1B™ oil spill releases alkane hydroxylase, which helps decompose alkane. (teamonebiotech.com)
  • Catalyzes the hydroxylation of n-alkanes in the presence of a NADH-rubredoxin reductase and rubredoxin. (string-db.org)
  • The in vitro effects of alkanes, alcohols, and ketones on rat lung cytochrome P450-dependent alkoxyphenoxazone dealkylase activities. (cdc.gov)
  • This inhibition was directed at the cytochrome-P450 dependent monooxygenase activity. (cdc.gov)
  • Alkane monooxygenase, esterase, and Lipase are a few enzymes that help break the oil and begin its degradation. (teamonebiotech.com)
  • Butane monooxygenase of Pseudomonas butanovora: purification and biochemical characterization of a terminal-alkane hydroxylating diiron monooxygenase (2007), Microbiology , 153, 1808-1816. (brenda-enzymes.org)
  • Characterization of a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from Aspergillus fumigatus shows functional variation among family AA11 fungal LPMOs. (cube-synergy.eu)
  • Kinetic Characterization of a Putatively Chitin-Active LPMO Reveals a Preference for Soluble Substrates and Absence of Monooxygenase Activity. (cube-synergy.eu)
  • 1] Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin-Dahlem D-14195, Germany [2] Section Phytomedicine, Department of Crop and Animal Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin-Dahlem D-14195, Germany. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
  • However, n-alkanes - branched alkanes - low molecular weight aromatics - cyclic alkanes are the first to undergo biodegradation. (teamonebiotech.com)
  • Alkanes combine hydrogen and carbon atoms, and bacteria help degrade alkanes. (teamonebiotech.com)
  • The reactions from several genes from biobricks were used to transform alkanes in to fatty acids which enter the beta oxydation cycle. (igem.org)
  • Expression of HMGR, MK, and PMK orthologs and growth in an optimized lignocellulosic hydrolysate medium increased the 1,8-cineole titer an additional tenfold to 1.4 g/L. Expression of the same mevalonate pathway genes did not have as large an impact on α-bisabolene production, although the final titer was higher at 2.6 g/L. Furthermore, mevalonate pathway intermediates accumulated in the mevalonate-engineered strains, suggesting room for further improvement. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Quantification and cellular localization of expression in human skin of genes encoding flavin-containing monooxygenases and cytochromes P450. (aurametrix.com)
  • A number of C 15 sesquiterpenes such as α-bisabolene [ 3 ] and farnesene [ 4 ] can function as diesel fuels, following reduction to their respective alkanes by hydrogenation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Up to concentrations of 10 millimolar (mM) the straight chain alkanes did not affect EtOPhase activity. (cdc.gov)
  • Figure 1''' - Reaction taken from [http://biocyc.org/ECOLI/NEW-IMAGE?type=REACTION-IN-PATHWAY&object=NADH-DEHYDROG-A-RXN Ecocyc]]] The ''E. coli'' network from CellNetAnalyzer contains, glycolysis, TCA cycle, pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis, anapleorotic routes, oxydative phosphorilization and biosynthesis pathways. (igem.org)
  • Alkane degradation== To link alkanes to the existing network, the beta-oxidation was chosen as entry point. (igem.org)
  • Studies on kidney function in subjects exposed to organic solvents: 1. (cdc.gov)
  • Monoterpenes such as pinene and 1,8-cineole show promise as potential precursors to renewable jet fuels [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Environ Health 1: 199-218. (cdc.gov)
  • This work builds upon previous efforts to produce 1,8-cineole and α-bisabolene in the single-celled basidiomycete, Rhodosporidium toruloides . (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study focuses on the optimization of production of the monoterpene 1,8-cineole and the sesquiterpene α-bisabolene in R. toruloides . (biomedcentral.com)
  • More recently, representatives of the aviation industry announced plans to expand its scope to use in jet fuel, prompting an increased interest in microbial production of 1,8-cineole from lignocellulosic feedstocks [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, one CrgA protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SJTD-1, a member of LysR family, was proved to regulate AlkB2 monooxygenase and the degradation of medium-to-long-chain n -alkanes (C 14 -C 20 ) by directly binding to the upstream of alkB 2 gene. (frontiersin.org)
  • The work will promote the regulation mechanism study of n -alkane degradation in bacteria and help the bioremediation method development for petroleum pollution. (frontiersin.org)
  • alkane hydroxylation catalyzed by monooxygenases/hydroxylases is considered as the first and critical step for n -alkane degradation in aerobic bacteria ( Rojo, 2009 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Thirteen genes in charge of the degradation of PAHs and alkanes had been determined, including 1 alkane 1-monooxygenase gene, 5 catechol 1,2-dioxygenase genes, 2 benzene 1,2-dioxygenase genes, and 5 naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase genes. (chenglilab.org)
  • The primary route of degradation for alkanes is to the alcohol. (europa.eu)
  • Using gene specific primers successful amplification of alkB (alkane monooxygenase B) gene was obtained in the isolate PL12, confirming the presence of alkylphenol degradation metabolic pathway in the isolate PL12. (scitechnol.com)
  • Mycobacterium austroafricanum IFP 2012, which grows on methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) and on tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), the main intermediate of MTBE degradation, also grows on a broad range of n-alkanes (C2 to C16). (canada.ca)
  • AlkB monooxygenases in bacteria are responsible for the hydroxylation of medium- and long-chain n -alkanes. (frontiersin.org)
  • Almost no regulation of CrgA protein was observed to alkB 1 gene in vitro and in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • A single alkB gene copy, encoding a non-heme alkane monooxygenase, was partially amplified from the genome of this bacterium. (canada.ca)
  • Taxonomic classification from unassembled reads using MetaPhlAn2 and Metaxa2 yielded improved resolution over the assembled 16S rRNA gene sequences (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
  • To link alkanes to the existing network, the beta-oxidation was chosen as entry point. (igem.org)
  • Microbial monooxygenases differ in their vulnerability to inactivation by aliphatic n-alkynes, and we found that NH₃ oxidation by the marine thaumarchaeon Nitrosopumilus maritimus was unaffected. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The major difference between the metabolism under aerobic conditions of alkanes and isoalkanes relates to the impact of the branching on the rate of metabolism (Fritsche and Hofrichter, 2000). (europa.eu)
  • These are the first Alphaproteobacteria methanotrophs discovered with this reduced functional redundancy for C-1 metabolism (i.e. sMMO only and XoxF only). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the microbial PAH transformation by the detection of PAH metabolites 1-hydroxypyrene and 7-hydroxybenzo( a )pyrene in colon digests of pyrene and benzo( a )pyrene. (nih.gov)
  • They are composed of glycerol bound in ester linkage with 1 mole of phosphoric acid at the terminal 3-hydroxyl group and with 2 moles of fatty acids at the other two hydroxyl groups. (lookformedical.com)
  • In higher plants, the microsomal oleate Δ12 -desaturase (fatty acid desaturase 2, FAD2) is a hydrophobic endoplasmic reticulum protein, catalyzing the reaction from monounsaturated oleic acid (C18:1) to polyunsaturated linoleic acid (C18:2) by introducing a double bond between the 12th and 13th carbon atoms of C18:1 [1]. (researchsquare.com)
  • This reaction is shown in figure 1. (igem.org)
  • Catalysis of the reaction: octane + reduced rubredoxin + O2 = 1-octanol + oxidized rubredoxin + H2O. (plant-scc.org)
  • Its expression was induced after growth on n-propane, n-hexane, n-hexadecane and on TBA but not after growth on LB. The capacity of other fast-growing mycobacteria to grow on n-alkanes (C1 to C16) and to degrade TBA after growth on n-alkanes was compared to that of M. austroafricanum IFP 2012. (canada.ca)
  • In contrast, strains expressing toluene monooxygenases (Burkholderia cepacia G4, Burkholderia pickettii PKO1, and Pseudomonas mendocina KR1) degraded 36 to 67% of the TCE over the same period. (nih.gov)
  • A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1. (lookformedical.com)
  • Transcriptomic data delineate active members of the community and give insights that Acinetobacter species completely oxidize alkanes into carbon dioxide with the involvement of oxygen, and Archaeoglobus species mainly ferment alkanes to generate acetate which could be consumed by Methanosaeta species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The M. austroafricanum strains grew on a broad range of n-alkanes and three were able to degrade TBA after growth on propane, hexane and hexadecane. (canada.ca)
  • The biosynthesis of hydrocarbons has provided a remarkable means of producing substitutes for petroleum-based fuels [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The stoichiometric ratio of oxygen per hydrocarbon is about 3 moles O 2 per 1 mole of hydrocarbons. (itrcweb.org)
  • Therefore, CrgA acted as a negative regulator for the medium-to-long-chain n -alkane utilization in P. aeruginosa SJTD-1. (frontiersin.org)
  • Up to concentrations of 10 millimolar (mM) the straight chain alkanes did not affect EtOPhase activity. (cdc.gov)
  • Additional environmental and genetic factors result in a wide variation in the biomass with respect to the number of constituents and their concentrations [ 1 ]. (ebookreading.net)
  • The metallocarbene species reacts with styrene with the apparent second-order kinetic constant of 28 mM-1 s-1 at 25 °C. Complementary theoretical studies support efficient carbene formation by the reconstituted protein that results from the strong ligand field of the porphycene and fewer intersystem crossing steps relative to the native protein. (ward-lab.ch)
  • 1 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor 48109-0620, USA. (nih.gov)
  • Studies on kidney function in subjects exposed to organic solvents: 1. (cdc.gov)
  • Breslow, who passed away three years ago, was a giant in the field of organic chemistry - a former president of the American Chemical Society, he was well known for his work on the mechanism of action of vitamin B 1 , aromaticity, remote functionalisation and the origins of homochirality on Earth. (chemistryworld.com)
  • Incubation of the Fe protein (Av2) for 1 h with stoichiometries of 4- and 8-fold molar excesses of NO to Av2 dimer resulted in a complete loss of. (oregonstate.edu)
  • The enzyme, characterized from the bacterium Geobacillus thermodenitrificans NG80-2, is capable of converting alkanes ranging from C 15 to C 36 into their corresponding primary alcohols [1,2]. (enzyme-database.org)
  • The research is widely cited and places him is among the 1% most cited authors in Clarivate, Web of Science (Cross-Field)(2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021). (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • The BzOPhase mediated release of resorufin was inhibited by the straight chain alkanes with 6 to 11 carbons. (cdc.gov)
  • An oxidative attack on the cis-1,4 double conds is the first step in the biodegradation process. (readabstracts.com)