Alien Hand Syndrome
Dyskinesias
Tiapamil Hydrochloride
Hand
Dysarthria
Functional Laterality
Apraxias
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Basal Ganglia Diseases
Movement Disorders
Cerebral Infarction
Seizures in corticobasal degeneration: a case report. (1/8)
(+info)Alien hand syndrome: neural correlates of movements without conscious will. (2/8)
(+info)Acute infarct of the corpus callosum presenting as alien hand syndrome: evidence of diffusion weighted imaging and magnetic resonance angiography. (3/8)
(+info)Posterior alien hand in a left-handed person. (4/8)
(+info)Exaggerated object affordance and absent automatic inhibition in alien hand syndrome. (5/8)
(+info)Stroke syndromes and clinical management. (6/8)
(+info)The alien limb phenomenon. (7/8)
(+info)The medial frontal-prefrontal network for altered awareness and control of action in corticobasal syndrome. (8/8)
(+info)The exact cause of alien hand syndrome is unknown, but it is believed to be related to a malfunction in the brain's motor control centers. It can occur as an isolated condition or as a result of other neurological disorders such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, or multiple sclerosis.
Symptoms of alien hand syndrome may include:
* Involuntary movements of the affected limb, such as grasping or waving
* Sensory deficits, such as numbness or tingling in the affected limb
* Difficulty coordinating movements with the affected limb
* Feeling of detachment from the affected limb, as if it were not part of one's own body.
Treatment for alien hand syndrome typically involves physical therapy and medication to control symptoms. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to relieve pressure on nerves or correct anatomical abnormalities.
It is important to note that alien hand syndrome is a rare condition and should not be confused with other neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease or dystonia, which can also cause involuntary movements. A thorough medical evaluation is necessary to determine the underlying cause of symptoms and develop an appropriate treatment plan.
There are several different types of dyskinesias, including:
1. Tremors: involuntary shaking movements that can affect any part of the body.
2. Choreas: jerky, irregular movements that can affect the limbs, face, or trunk.
3. Athetosis: slow, writhing movements that can affect the hands, feet, or face.
4. Dystonia: sustained, twisting movements that can affect any part of the body.
5. Ballism: large, sweeping movements that can affect the arms or legs.
Dyskinesias can be challenging to diagnose and treat, as they can be caused by a wide range of factors and can vary in severity and type. Treatment options may include medications, physical therapy, and surgery, and the specific approach will depend on the underlying cause of the dyskinesias.
In addition to the medical definition of dyskinesias, the term is also sometimes used more broadly to describe any kind of involuntary movement or twitching, such as those that can occur in response to stress or anxiety. However, in a medical context, the term is typically used to refer specifically to the involuntary movements associated with neurological disorders or other underlying conditions.
Examples of syndromes include:
1. Down syndrome: A genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 that affects intellectual and physical development.
2. Turner syndrome: A genetic disorder caused by a missing or partially deleted X chromosome that affects physical growth and development in females.
3. Marfan syndrome: A genetic disorder affecting the body's connective tissue, causing tall stature, long limbs, and cardiovascular problems.
4. Alzheimer's disease: A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss, confusion, and changes in personality and behavior.
5. Parkinson's disease: A neurological disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, and difficulty with movement.
6. Klinefelter syndrome: A genetic disorder caused by an extra X chromosome in males, leading to infertility and other physical characteristics.
7. Williams syndrome: A rare genetic disorder caused by a deletion of genetic material on chromosome 7, characterized by cardiovascular problems, developmental delays, and a distinctive facial appearance.
8. Fragile X syndrome: The most common form of inherited intellectual disability, caused by an expansion of a specific gene on the X chromosome.
9. Prader-Willi syndrome: A genetic disorder caused by a defect in the hypothalamus, leading to problems with appetite regulation and obesity.
10. Sjogren's syndrome: An autoimmune disorder that affects the glands that produce tears and saliva, causing dry eyes and mouth.
Syndromes can be diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, laboratory tests, and imaging studies. Treatment for a syndrome depends on the underlying cause and the specific symptoms and signs presented by the patient.
Dysarthria can affect both children and adults, and the symptoms can vary in severity depending on the underlying cause of the condition. Some common symptoms of dysarthria include:
* Slurred or slow speech
* Difficulty articulating words
* Poor enunciation
* Stuttering or hesitation while speaking
* Difficulty with word-finding and language processing
* Limited range of speech sounds
* Difficulty with loudness and volume control
Dysarthria can be diagnosed by a speech-language pathologist (SLP), who will typically conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the individual's speech and language abilities. This may include a series of tests to assess the individual's articulation, fluency, voice quality, and other aspects of their speech.
There are several types of dysarthria, including:
* Hypokinetic dysarthria: characterized by reduced muscle tone and slow movement of the articulatory organs, resulting in slurred or slow speech.
* Hyperkinetic dysarthria: characterized by increased muscle tone and rapid movement of the articulatory organs, resulting in fast but imprecise speech.
* Mixed dysarthria: a combination of hypokinetic and hyperkinetic features.
* Dystonic dysarthria: characterized by involuntary movements and postures of the tongue and lips, resulting in distorted speech.
Treatment for dysarthria typically involves speech therapy with an SLP, who will work with the individual to improve their speech clarity, fluency, and overall communication skills. Treatment may include exercises to strengthen the muscles used in speech production, as well as strategies to improve articulation, pronunciation, and language processing. In some cases, technology such as speech-generating devices may be used to support communication.
In addition to speech therapy, treatment for dysarthria may also involve other healthcare professionals, such as neurologists, physical therapists, or occupational therapists, depending on the underlying cause of the condition.
Overall, dysarthria is a speech disorder that can significantly impact an individual's ability to communicate effectively. However, with the right treatment and support from healthcare professionals and SLPs, many people with dysarthria are able to improve their communication skills and lead fulfilling lives.
There are several types of apraxias, each with distinct symptoms and characteristics:
1. Ideomotor apraxia: Difficulty performing specific movements or gestures, such as grasping and manipulating objects, due to a lack of understanding of the intended purpose or meaning of the action.
2. Ideational apraxia: Inability to initiate or perform movements due to a lack of understanding of the task or goal.
3. Kinesthetic apraxia: Difficulty judging the weight, shape, size, and position of objects in space, leading to difficulties with grasping, manipulating, or coordinating movements.
4. Graphomotor apraxia: Difficulty writing or drawing due to a lack of coordination between the hand and the intended movement.
5. Dressing apraxia: Difficulty dressing oneself due to a lack of coordination and planning for the movements required to put on clothes.
6. Gait apraxia: Difficulty walking or maintaining balance due to a lack of coordinated movement of the legs, trunk, and arms.
7. Speech apraxia: Difficulty articulating words or sounds due to a lack of coordination between the mouth, tongue, and lips.
The diagnosis of apraxias typically involves a comprehensive neurological examination, including assessments of motor function, language, and cognitive abilities. Treatment options vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of the apraxia, but may include physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and medication.
Some examples of basal ganglia diseases include:
1. Parkinson's disease: A neurodegenerative disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia (slow movement), and postural instability.
2. Huntington's disease: An autosomal dominant disorder that causes progressive degeneration of the basal ganglia and a decline in cognitive, motor, and psychiatric functions.
3. Dystonia: A movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions that cause abnormal postures or movements.
4. Tourette's syndrome: A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic, such as repeated sounds or words.
5. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD): An anxiety disorder characterized by recurring thoughts or compulsions to perform repetitive behaviors.
6. Schizophrenia: A psychotic disorder characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive impairments.
7. Kleine-Levin syndrome: A rare sleep disorder characterized by recurring periods of excessive sleepiness and automatic behaviors.
8. Wilson's disease: A rare genetic disorder caused by copper accumulation in the basal ganglia, leading to cognitive and motor impairments.
9. Hemiballism: A rare movement disorder characterized by unilateral or bilateral involuntary movements of the upper limbs.
10. Chorea-acanthocytosis: A rare genetic disorder characterized by chorea (involuntary movements), acanthocytosis (abnormal red blood cell shape), and cognitive decline.
These conditions are often challenging to diagnose and manage, and may require a comprehensive evaluation by a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals, including neurologists, psychiatrists, geneticists, and other specialists. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help improve outcomes for individuals with these conditions.
Some common types of movement disorders include:
1. Parkinson's disease: A degenerative disorder characterized by tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability.
2. Dystonia: A movement disorder characterized by sustained or intermittent muscle contractions that cause abnormal postures or movements.
3. Huntington's disease: An inherited disorder that causes progressive damage to the brain, leading to involuntary movements, cognitive decline, and psychiatric symptoms.
4. Tourette syndrome: A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations (tics).
5. Restless leg syndrome: A condition characterized by an uncomfortable sensation in the legs, often described as a creeping or crawling feeling, which is relieved by movement.
6. Chorea: A movement disorder characterized by rapid, jerky movements that can be triggered by emotional stress or other factors.
7. Ballism: Excessive, large, and often circular movements of the limbs, often seen in conditions such as Huntington's disease or drug-induced movements.
8. Athetosis: A slow, writhing movement that can be seen in conditions such as cerebral palsy or tardive dyskinesia.
9. Myoclonus: Sudden, brief muscle jerks or twitches that can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic disorders, infections, and certain medications.
10. Hyperkinesis: An excessive amount of movement, often seen in conditions such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or hyperthyroidism.
Movement disorders can significantly impact an individual's quality of life, and treatment options vary depending on the specific condition and its underlying cause. Some movement disorders may be managed with medication, while others may require surgery or other interventions.
Cerebral infarction can result in a range of symptoms, including sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg on one side of the body, difficulty speaking or understanding speech, sudden vision loss, dizziness, and confusion. Depending on the location and severity of the infarction, it can lead to long-term disability or even death.
There are several types of cerebral infarction, including:
1. Ischemic stroke: This is the most common type of cerebral infarction, accounting for around 87% of all cases. It occurs when a blood clot blocks the flow of blood to the brain, leading to cell death and tissue damage.
2. Hemorrhagic stroke: This type of cerebral infarction occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, leading to bleeding and cell death.
3. Lacunar infarction: This type of cerebral infarction affects the deep structures of the brain, particularly the basal ganglia, and is often caused by small blockages or stenosis (narrowing) in the blood vessels.
4. Territorial infarction: This type of cerebral infarction occurs when there is a complete blockage of a blood vessel that supplies a specific area of the brain, leading to cell death and tissue damage in that area.
Diagnosis of cerebral infarction typically involves a combination of physical examination, medical history, and imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans. Treatment options vary depending on the cause and location of the infarction, but may include medication to dissolve blood clots, surgery to remove blockages, or supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Alien hand syndrome
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How Alien Hand Syndrome Works | HowStuffWorks
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Turning Signs 10: Circuits and Closure
Limb1
- In cases such as orticobasal degeneration, alien limb syndrome, and various other psychogenic movement disorders, patients experience various movements which they judge to be involuntary, or performed by an outside agent (referred to as passivity phenomenon in the setting of schizophrenia and manifests as auditory or visual hallucinations). (nih.gov)
Episode2
- Matt explained the split brain and the alien hand syndrome in Episode 4. (plymouth.ac.uk)
- So weird, I was watching an Outer Limits episode late last nite and it was about an alien baby. (blogspot.com)
Realistic2
- SPIS engineers evaluated the noise and developed signal processing algorithms to remove the MRI-induced noise allowing the virtual hand to more accurately reflect actual hand motions or display realistic modified hand motions. (nih.gov)
- Also there's a nice quote from a P&G alien about how not raising the issue of toxic shock syndrome is a 'realistic way' of informing Mexican consumers. (ibiblio.org)
Brain4
- In this article, we'll explain exactly what alien hand syndrome is, check out the brain function behind it and examine how pop culture seems to be hooked on this unusual condition. (howstuffworks.com)
- In order to understand what we know about alien hand syndrome, we should take a brief look at the brain and how it works. (howstuffworks.com)
- She has now suffered from Alien Hand Syndrome for 18 years, but fortunately for Karen her doctors have now found a medication that seems to have brought the right side of her brain back under some form of control. (phantomsandmonsters.com)
- Antons Syndrome, alien hand syndrome (loss of agency, my limbs are moving their own, it has nothing to do with me), etc. and really do not want to be alive with brain damage that affects me in a paradoxical way where 'I' can no longer be aware of my own deficits. (sanctioned-suicide.net)
Grasp1
- For voluntary motor control to occur, normal individuals must have a sense of ownership over the effector (i.e. their hand in a voluntary grasp), and a sense of agency (i.e. the hand movement was initiated by them). (nih.gov)
Patients1
- Patients retain all sense of feeling in the alien hand, but they often describe feelings of disassociation. (howstuffworks.com)
Speak2
- Now you are muted by default, but you will be invited to raise your hand to Speak, or you can enter your questions at any time into chat. (nih.gov)
- It'll come about the usual way: She'll stand at my knees all poised to speak, hand in her hair. (metalsucks.net)
Left7
- Slowly, your left hand eases up, wraps around your neck and you awake to find your own hand locked in a kung-fu grip on your throat. (howstuffworks.com)
- You pry it loose with your other hand, finger by finger, until it relents and you're left there staring at a hand that suddenly doesn't feel like your own. (howstuffworks.com)
- An operation to control her epilepsy left Karen Byrne with no control of her left hand. (phantomsandmonsters.com)
- Her left hand, and occasionally her left leg, behaves as if it were under the control of an alien intelligence. (phantomsandmonsters.com)
- Karen had emerged from the operation with a left hand that was out of control. (phantomsandmonsters.com)
- he shaved with the right hand while the left one unzipped his jacket" [1]. (cedwardpitt.com)
- While often language ability is dominant in the left hemisphere (especially in right-handed individuals) and therefore eliminated when the left hemisphere is inactivated during the Wada test, this is not always the case. (qualiacomputing.com)
Condition1
- While it sounds like something from a B-grade horror movie, it's actually a very odd and very real medical condition known as 'alien hand syndrome' (AHS). (howstuffworks.com)
Model2
- The level of SA is modulated based on the relative contribution of the subject's actual data with a prerecorded set of movements to produce the rendered model hand displayed to the subject. (nih.gov)
- apparently the hand model has marfan's syndrome. (blogspot.com)
Woman1
- On behalf of the Dutch everywhere I would like to state that thankfully I have never seen such a hand on any Dutch (or other) woman, nor does Austin Power's supposed persiflage of the Dutch hit in any way on the commonly understood stereotypes of the Dutch. (blogspot.com)
Agency2
- The virtual hand movements would be modified by varying degrees such that the virtual hand motions do not match the actual hand motions, thus modulating the subject's sense of self-agency. (nih.gov)
- These anomalies in the displayed virtual hand needed to be eliminated to help ensure the subject's sense of agency was maintained, especially when viewing the unmodified (i.e., subject's actual finger position or motion) virtual hand. (nih.gov)
Actual2
- This comic may not contain any actual aliens. (ahs-comic.com)
- Los síntomas de desconexión interhemisférica después de una lesión cerebral adquirida son inusuales en la práctica clínica actual. (bvsalud.org)
Control2
- We found that adults with autism and Asperger's syndrome performed better than did adults without those conditions in learning hidden patterns within visually-presented arrays, while children with autism and Asperger's syndrome performed at the same level as age-matched control participants. (plymouth.ac.uk)
- Good news is that now you know so reach for your volume control with one hand and click play with the other. (metalsucks.net)
Feel1
- Fred Cantelo, aged 61, had been handing out presents to youngsters when he started to feel unwell. (ibiblio.org)
Finger1
- However, the MRI environment induces significant noise on the electronics of the virtual reality glove system, causing the virtual hand to display constant 'tremors' and unnatural finger motions. (nih.gov)
Made1
- That hand is creepy but well made. (blogspot.com)
Post1
- Ok, so the pop-culture references got a little out of hand** in this post. (blogspot.com)
Object1
- The affected hand will pick up an object and attempt to use it, or will perform a simple task, such as buttoning and unbuttoning a shirt. (howstuffworks.com)
Involuntary2
- When the subject turned 60 years old, she started to experience involuntary movement of her right hand while practicing piano. (medscape.com)
- In this neurological disorder, one hand is not subject to conscious control and performs involuntary movements. (medscape.com)
Jules Cotard2
- Cotard syndrome is a specific nihilistic delusion named after Jules Cotard, a French neurologist. (medscape.com)
- Also known as "walking corpse syndrome," the condition was first described in 1882 by Jules Cotard, MD. It is a rare condition but is associated with schizophrenia and affective psychoses. (medscape.com)
Movements2
- The virtual hand movements would be modified by varying degrees such that the virtual hand motions do not match the actual hand motions, thus modulating the subject's sense of self-agency. (nih.gov)
- The level of SA is modulated based on the relative contribution of the subject's actual data with a prerecorded set of movements to produce the rendered model hand displayed to the subject. (nih.gov)
Patients3
- Cotard syndrome is most frequently observed in patients with psychotic depression or schizophrenia , and is managed by focusing on treatment of the underlying disorder. (medscape.com)
- Very few patients with Cotard syndrome have been reported, but a recent case study displayed a correlation between Cotard syndrome and valacyclovir toxicity. (medscape.com)
- Patients with Rapunzel syndrome pull out their own hair (trichotillomania) and eat it (trichophagia). (medscape.com)
Stroke1
- Alien hand syndrome is usually caused by stroke or other brain damage, specifically in the regions surrounding the corpus callosum, frontal lobe, or parietal lobe. (medscape.com)
Case1
- A recent case of alien hand syndrome was found in a 65-year-old professional pianist. (medscape.com)
Sense of agency3
- In effect, afflicted people have lost the sense of agency associated with purposeful movement of the hand while retaining a sense of ownership of it. (medscape.com)
- For voluntary motor control to occur, normal individuals must have a sense of ownership over the effector (i.e. their hand in a voluntary grasp), and a sense of agency (i.e. the hand movement was initiated by them). (nih.gov)
- These anomalies in the displayed virtual hand needed to be eliminated to help ensure the subject's sense of agency was maintained, especially when viewing the unmodified (i.e., subject's actual finger position or motion) virtual hand. (nih.gov)
Signs1
- After undergoing hemodialysis for 3 days, she returned to baseline and no longer showed any signs of Cotard syndrome. (medscape.com)
Subject1
- While wearing the Cyberglove and undergoing fMRI scans, the subject would touch their fingers together while watching the virtual hand on a computer monitor. (nih.gov)
Result1
- Alien hand syndrome can also take on an aggressive character, with the result that the patient hits and injures him- or herself. (medscape.com)