Alfalfa mosaic virus: The type species of the genus ALFAMOVIRUS that is non-persistently transmitted by aphids.Mosaic Viruses: Viruses which produce a mottled appearance of the leaves of plants.Medicago sativa: A plant species of the family FABACEAE widely cultivated for ANIMAL FEED.Ilarvirus: A genus of the family BROMOVIRIDAE which infects mainly woody plants. Species are divided into ten subgroups. Tobacco streak virus is the type species.Alfamovirus: A genus of the family BROMOVIRIDAE with a wide host range. Transmission is by aphids and the type species is ALFALFA MOSAIC VIRUS.Plants, Toxic: Plants or plant parts which are harmful to man or other animals.RNA, Viral: Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.Tobacco: A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for SMOKING.Plant Viral Movement Proteins: Viral proteins that facilitate the movement of viruses between plant cells by means of PLASMODESMATA, channels that traverse the plant cell walls.Capsid: The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.Protoplasts: The protoplasm and plasma membrane of plant, fungal, bacterial or archaeon cells without the CELL WALL.Plant Viruses: Viruses parasitic on plants higher than bacteria.RNA Replicase: An enzyme that catalyses RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time, and can initiate a chain de novo. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p293)Capsid Proteins: Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.Bromovirus: A genus of tripartite plant viruses in the family BROMOVIRIDAE. Transmission is by beetles. Brome mosaic virus is the type species.Tobacco Mosaic Virus: The type species of TOBAMOVIRUS which causes mosaic disease of tobacco. Transmission occurs by mechanical inoculation.Viral Proteins: Proteins found in any species of virus.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Virus Replication: The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Nucleic Acid Conformation: The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.Cucumovirus: A genus of plant viruses of the family BROMOVIRIDAE, which infect cucurbits and solanaceous plants. Transmission occurs via aphids in a non-persistent manner, and also via seeds. The type species Cucumber mosaic virus, a CUCUMOVIRUS, should not be confused with Cucumber green mottle mosaic virus, a TOBAMOVIRUS.Plants, Genetically Modified: PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.Protein Biosynthesis: The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.Caulimovirus: A genus of PLANT VIRUSES, in the family CAULIMOVIRIDAE, that are transmitted by APHIDS in a semipersistent manner. Aphid-borne transmission of some caulimoviruses requires certain virus-coded proteins termed transmission factors.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Plant Diseases: Diseases of plants.Comovirus: A genus of plant viruses of the family COMOVIRIDAE in which the bipartite genome is encapsidated in separate icosahedral particles. Mosaic and mottle symptoms are characteristic, and transmission is exclusively by leaf-feeding beetles. Cowpea mosaic virus is the type species.Genes, Viral: The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.Virion: The infective system of a virus, composed of the viral genome, a protein core, and a protein coat called a capsid, which may be naked or enclosed in a lipoprotein envelope called the peplos.3' Untranslated Regions: The sequence at the 3' end of messenger RNA that does not code for product. This region contains transcription and translation regulating sequences.Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.RNA Viruses: Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational: A process of GENETIC TRANSLATION whereby the formation of a peptide chain is started. It includes assembly of the RIBOSOME components, the MESSENGER RNA coding for the polypeptide to be made, INITIATOR TRNA, and PEPTIDE INITIATION FACTORS; and placement of the first amino acid in the peptide chain. The details and components of this process are unique for prokaryotic protein biosynthesis and eukaryotic protein biosynthesis.Tymovirus: A genus of plant viruses, in the family TYMOVIRIDAE, possessing a narrow host range that includes CRUCIFERAE. Transmission occurs by BEETLES and mechanical inoculation.Potyvirus: A large genus of plant viruses of the family POTYVIRIDAE which infect mainly plants of the Solanaceae. Transmission is primarily by aphids in a non-persistent manner. The type species is potato virus Y.Potexvirus: A genus of plant viruses in the family FLEXIVIRIDAE, that cause mosaic and ringspot symptoms. Transmission occurs mechanically. Potato virus X is the type species.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Transcription, Genetic: The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite: A satellite RNA (not a satellite virus) which has several types. Different cucumoviruses can act as helper viruses for different types.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Plant Leaves: Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Structure-Activity Relationship: The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.Vaccinia virus: The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Peas: A variable annual leguminous vine (Pisum sativum) that is cultivated for its rounded smooth or wrinkled edible protein-rich seeds, the seed of the pea, and the immature pods with their included seeds. (From Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, 1973)Solanum tuberosum: A plant species of the genus SOLANUM, family SOLANACEAE. The starchy roots are used as food. SOLANINE is found in green parts.Amaranthus: A plant genus, in the family AMARANTHACEAE, best known as a source of high-protein grain crops and of Red Dye No. 2 (AMARANTH DYE). Tumbleweed sometimes refers to Amaranthus but more often refers to SALSOLA.Amaranth Dye: A sulfonic acid-based naphthylazo dye used as a coloring agent for foodstuffs and medicines and as a dye and chemical indicator. It was banned by the FDA in 1976 for use in foods, drugs, and cosmetics. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Plant Weeds: A plant growing in a location where it is not wanted, often competing with cultivated plants.Weed Control: The prevention of growth and or spread of unwanted plants.Angiosperms: Members of the group of vascular plants which bear flowers. They are differentiated from GYMNOSPERMS by their production of seeds within a closed chamber (OVARY, PLANT). The Angiosperms division is composed of two classes, the monocotyledons (Liliopsida) and dicotyledons (Magnoliopsida). Angiosperms represent approximately 80% of all known living plants.Seeds: The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.Food Coloring Agents: Natural or synthetic dyes used as coloring agents in processed foods.
Expression of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein in tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) deficient in the production of its native coat protein supports long-distance movement of a chimeric TMV. (1/80)
Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) coat protein is involved in systemic infection of host plants, and a specific mutation in this gene prevents the virus from moving into the upper uninoculated leaves. The coat protein also is required for different viral functions during early and late infection. To study the role of the coat protein in long-distance movement of AlMV independent of other vital functions during virus infection, we cloned the gene encoding the coat protein of AlMV into a tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-based vector Av. This vector is deficient in long-distance movement and is limited to locally inoculated leaves because of the lack of native TMV coat protein. Expression of AlMV coat protein, directed by the subgenomic promoter of TMV coat protein in Av, supported systemic infection with the chimeric virus in Nicotiana benthamiana, Nicotiana tabacum MD609, and Spinacia oleracea. The host range of TMV was extended to include spinach as a permissive host. Here we report the alteration of a host range by incorporating genetic determinants from another virus. (+info)Alfalfa mosaic virus RNAs serve as cap donors for tomato spotted wilt virus transcription during coinfection of Nicotiana benthamiana. (2/80)
Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) was shown to use alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) RNAs as cap donors in vivo during a mixed infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. By use of nested reverse transcription-PCR, TSWV N and NSs mRNAs provided with capped leader sequences derived from all four AMV RNAs could be cloned and sequenced. The sequence specificity of the putative TSWV endonuclease involved is discussed. (+info)Effect of C-terminal mutations of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein on dimer formation and assembly in vitro. (3/80)
The coat protein (CP) of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) strain 425 assembles to bacilliform or rod-shaped particles in the presence of nucleic acids or to T = 1 empty icosahedral particles in the absence of nucleic acids. To study the determinants of CP assembly, recombinant CPs (rCPs) that contained a (His)(6) region were expressed in Escherichia coli. Wt rCP and a mutant rCP, which lacked the last nine amino acids of the C terminus (amino acids 213-221), assembled to particles that were identical in electron micrographs. However, a mutant rCP, which lacked the last 18 amino acids of the C terminus (amino acids 204-221), did not assemble. Likewise, a mutant with alanine substitutions at W(191), F(197), and P(198) did not assemble. Furthermore rCP with a single alanine substitution at W(191) did not assemble, whereas the rCP, which had an arginine and an alanine substitution at A(196) and F(197), respectively, formed rod-shaped particles. The mutations that prevented assembly prevented dimer formation, which indicates that dimers are the minimal building blocks of particles. Our results indicate that two separate regions in the C terminus of AMV CP are critical for dimer formation and assembly and that changes in key amino acids in one of the regions affect both assembly and particle morphology. (+info)A conformational switch at the 3' end of a plant virus RNA regulates viral replication. (4/80)
3' untranslated regions of alfamo- and ilar-virus RNAs fold into a series of stem-loop structures to which the coat protein binds with high affinity. This binding plays a role in initiation of infection ('genome activation') and has been thought to substitute for a tRNA-like structure that is found at the 3' termini of related plant viruses. We propose the existence of an alternative conformation of the 3' ends of alfamo- and ilar-virus RNAs, including a pseudoknot. Based on (i) phylogenetic comparisons, (ii) in vivo and in vitro functional analyses of mutants in which the pseudoknot has been disrupted or restored by compensatory mutations, (iii) competition experiments between coat protein and viral replicase, and (iv) investigation of the effect of magnesium, we demonstrate that this pseudoknot is required for replication of alfalfa mosaic virus. This conformation resembles the tRNA-like structure of the related bromo- and cucumo-viruses. A low but specific interaction with yeast CCA-adding enzyme was found. The existence of two mutually exclusive conformations for the 3' termini of alfamo- and ilar-virus RNAs could enable the virus to switch from translation to replication and vice versa. The role of coat protein in this modulation and in genome activation is discussed. (+info)In vitro transcription by the turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA polymerase: a comparison with the alfalfa mosaic virus and brome mosaic virus replicases. (5/80)
Recently, we showed that the main determinant in the tRNA-like structure of turnip yellow mosaic virus RNA to initiate minus-strand synthesis in vitro is the 3' ACCA end. By mutational analysis of the 3'-terminal hairpin, we show here that only a non-base-paired ACCA end is functional and that the stability of the wild-type 3'-proximal hairpin is the most favorable, in that it has the lowest DeltaG value and a high transcription efficiency. With a nested set of RNA fragments, we show that the minimum template length is 9 nucleotides and that transcription is improved with increasing the length of the template. The results also suggest that proper base stacking contributes to efficient transcription initiation. Internal initiation is shown to take place on every NPyCPu sequence of a nonstructured template. However, the position of the internal initiation site in the template is important, and competition between the different sites takes place. Internal initiation was also studied with the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of brome mosaic virus (BMV) and alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV). The BMV polymerase can start internally on ACCA sequences, though inefficiently. Unexpectedly, the polymerases of both AlMV and BMV can start efficiently on an internal AUGC sequence. (+info)The complete nucleotide sequence of apple mosaic virus (ApMV) RNA 1 and RNA 2: ApMV is more closely related to alfalfa mosaic virus than to other ilarviruses. (6/80)
The complete nucleotide sequences of apple mosaic virus RNA 1 and 2 have been characterized. Apple mosaic virus RNA 1 is 3476 nucleotides in length and encodes a single large open reading frame (ORF), whereas apple mosaic virus RNA 2 is 2979 nucleotides in length and also encodes a single ORF. The amino acid sequences encoded by RNA 1 and 2 show similarity to all of the other ilarviruses for which sequence data are available, but both are more closely related to alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) than to other ilarviruses. Points of similarity include the absence of ORF 2b, present on the RNA 2 of all previously characterized ilarviruses. The close relationship to AMV also occurs in the movement protein, encoded by RNA 3, but not with the coat protein. These data suggest that the present taxonomy should be revised, and that AMV should be considered an aphid-transmissible ilarvirus. (+info)Genetic dissection of the multiple functions of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein in viral RNA replication, encapsidation, and movement. (7/80)
Coat protein (CP) of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) binds as a dimer to the 3' termini of the three genomic RNAs and is required for initiation of infection, asymmetric plus-strand RNA accumulation, virion formation, and spread of the virus in plants. A mutational analysis of the multiple functions of AMV CP was made. Mutations that interfered with CP dimer formation in the two-hybrid system had little effect on the initiation of infection or plus-strand RNA accumulation but interfered with virion formation and reduced or abolished cell-to-cell movement of the virus in plants. Six of the 7 basic amino acids in the N-terminal arm of CP (positions 5, 6, 10, 13, 16, and 25) could be deleted or mutated into alanine without affecting any step of the replication cycle except systemic movement in plants. Mutation of Arg-17 interfered with initiation of infection (as previously shown by others) and cell-to-cell movement of the virus but not with plus-strand RNA accumulation or virion formation. The results indicate that in addition to the RNA-binding domain, different domains of AMV CP are involved in initiation of infection, plus-strand RNA accumulation, virion formation, cell-to-cell movement, and systemic spread of the virus. (+info)RNAs 1 and 2 of Alfalfa mosaic virus, expressed in transgenic plants, start to replicate only after infection of the plants with RNA 3. (8/80)
RNAs 1 and 2 of the tripartite genome of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) encode the two viral replicase subunits. Full-length DNA copies of RNAs 1 and 2 were used to transform tobacco plants (R12 lines). None of the transgenic lines showed resistance to AMV infection. In healthy R12 plants, the transcripts of the viral cDNAs were copied by the transgenic viral replicase into minus-strand RNAs but subsequent steps in replication were blocked. When the R12 plants were inoculated with AMV RNA 3, this block was lifted and the transgenic RNAs 1 and 2 were amplified by the transgenic replicase together with RNA 3. The transgenic expression of RNAs 1 and 2 largely circumvented the role of coat protein (CP) in the inoculum that is required for infection of nontransgenic plants. The results for the first time demonstrate the role of CP in AMV plus-strand RNA synthesis at the whole plant level. (+info)Group: ssRNA(+) Order: Unassigned Family: Bromoviridae Genus: Alfamovirus Alfalfa mosaic virus Viruses in Alfamovirus have ... the type species Alfalfa mosaic virus. Diseases associated with this genus include: mosaics. ... Replication follows the positive stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive stranded rna virus transcription, using the ... The virus exits the host cell by tubule-guided viral movement. Plants serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are ...
"Induction by Salicylic Acid of Pathogenesis-related Proteins and Resistance to Alfalfa Mosaic Virus Infection in Various Plant ...
... for the isolation of other viruses such as cucumber mosaic, alfalfa mosaic, tobacco necrosis, jaundice of silkworms ... with ... "For his outstanding contributions to the chemistry of viruses beginning with the isolation of tobacco virus and its ... their identification as distinct nucleoproteins; and for distinguished research on the influence virus with subsequent ...
It has also been affected by alfalfa mosaic virus in Africa and some cases of anthracnose in West Africa and there are reports ... In rat-feeding tests, round-leaf cassia was found to have equal nutritive value to alfalfa which is another more common forage ... "Alfalfa The Queen of Forage Crops". Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service. Retrieved 18 November 2013 from http://www2.ca.uky. ...
23S methyl RNA motif 6C RNA Actino-pnp RNA motif AdoCbl riboswitch Alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein binding (CPB) RNA Alfalfa ... Bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory element Bovine leukaemia virus RNA packaging signal Citrus tristeza virus ... Hepatitis C virus 3'X element Hepatitis C virus stem-loop VII Hepatitis E virus cis-reactive element HIV gag stem loop 3 (GSL3 ... Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) primer binding site (PBS) RtT RNA Rubella virus 3' cis-acting element S-element SerC leader Simian ...
... maize streak virus MeSH B04.715.464.040 --- alfamovirus MeSH B04.715.464.040.050 --- alfalfa mosaic virus MeSH B04.715.464.080 ... vesicular stomatitis-indiana virus MeSH B04.820.464.040 --- alfamovirus MeSH B04.820.464.040.050 --- alfalfa mosaic virus MeSH ... yellow fever virus MeSH B04.820.250.400 --- gb virus a MeSH B04.820.250.405 --- gb virus b MeSH B04.820.250.410 --- GB virus C ... alfalfa mosaic virus MeSH B04.715.081.080 --- bromovirus MeSH B04.715.081.180 --- cucumovirus MeSH B04.715.081.400 --- ...
... a British advertising agency Alfalfa mosaic virus, a plant virus of the family Bromoviridae All Mobile Video, a sound stage ...
... and the aphid can be a vector of alfalfa mosaic virus, lucerne transient streak virus and lucerne Australian latent virus in ... as well as cucumber mosaic virus, bean yellow mosaic virus and watermelon mosaic virus in other crops. "Blue Aphid, ... ISBN 978-0-12-158861-8. Barlow, Vonny M. (24 April 2013). "Blue alfalfa aphid, Acyrthosiphon kondoi Shinji". Alfalfa & Forage ... The blue alfalfa aphid (Acyrthosiphon kondoi), also known as bluegreen aphid, is an aphid in the superfamily Aphidoidea in the ...
Alfalfa mosaic virus Genus: Anulavirus Amazon lily mild mottle virus Pelargonium zonate spot virus Genus: Bromovirus Broad bean ... virus Apple mosaic virus Asparagus virus 2 Blackberry chlorotic ringspot virus Blueberry shock virus Citrus leaf rugose virus ... mottle virus Brome mosaic virus Cassia yellow blotch virus Cowpea chlorotic mottle virus Melandrium yellow fleck virus Spring ... necrotic ringspot virus Spinach latent virus Strawberry necrotic shock virus Tobacco streak virus Tulare apple mosaic virus ...
"Soybean mosaic virus and Alfalfa mosaic virus". WISCONSIN FIELD CROPS PATHOLOGY. Retrieved 2017-12-11. Maroof, Saghai; A, M.; ... Soybean crinkle leaf virus ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Soybean mosaic virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method ... Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is a member of the plant virus genus Potyvirus (family Potyviridae). It infects mainly plants ... Calvert LA, Ghabrial SA (1983). "Enhancement by Soybean mosaic virus of Bean pod mottle virus Titer in Doubly Infected Soybean ...
... (AMV), also known as Lucerne mosaic virus or Potato calico virus, is a worldwide distributed phytopathogen ... Alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein binding (CPB) RNA Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 5' UTR stem-loop ICTVdB Management (2006). " ... Jaspars E.M.J.; Bos L. (1980). "Alfalfa mosaic virus". AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses. Hyo Won Jung; Hye Jin Jung; Wan Soo ... Freeman A.; Aftab M. (2006). "Temperature pulse viruses: alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV)". Agriculture Notes: 1-3. Spangenberg G. ( ...
... these symptoms are very similar to those caused by alfalfa mosaic virus). Interestingly, plants showing no symptoms of PMTV ... Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) is a plant pathogenic virus transmitted through the vector Spongospora subterranea that affects ... By taking control of the cell's cellular machinery, the virus can replicate. The virus then moves onto more potato cells and ... doi: 10.1007/s00705-015-2381-7 ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Potato mop-top virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method ...
The Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) coat protein binding (CPB) RNA is an RNA element which is found in the 3' UTR of the genome. AMV ... Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 5' UTR stem-loop Neeleman, L; Linthorst HJ; Bol JF (2004). "Efficient translation of alfamovirus ... Page for Alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein binding (CPB) RNA at Rfam. ...
Alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein binding (CPB) RNA Vlot, AC; Bol JF (2003). "The 5′ Untranslated Region of Alfalfa Mosaic ... The Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 5' UTR stem-loop represents a putative stem-loop structure found in the 5' UTR in RNA 1 of ... This family is required for negative strand RNA synthesis in the alfalfa mosaic virus and may also be involved in positive ... Page for Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 5' UTR stem-loop at Rfam. ... alfalfa mosaic virus. RNA 1 is responsible for encoding the ...
Phytoplasma, virus and viruslike diseases[edit]. Virus and viruslike diseases. Alfalfa mosaic Alfalfa mosaic virus ... Peach rosette mosaic virus decline Peach rosette mosaic virus Petunia asteroid mosaic Petunia asteroid mosaic virus ... Tobacco mosaic Tobacco mosaic virus Tobacco necrosis Tobacco necrosis virus Tobacco ringspot virus decline Tobacco ringspot ... Grapevine Bulgarian latent virus Grapevine chrome mosaic Grapevine chrome mosaic virus Grapevine red blotch Grapevine red ...
It is spread by green or pea aphids and affects legumes as pea, alfalfa, broadbean or sweet pea mostly in temperate regions. ... Pea enation mosaic virus (PEMV) is a plant pathogenic virus. The two RNAs of the disease are now categorised as two separate, ... ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Pea enation mosaic virus Family Groups - The Baltimore Method. ... Powell, CA; Zoeten GA (July 1977). "Replication of pea enation mosaic virus RNA in isolated pea nuclei". Proceedings of the ...
3 reptarenavirus Alfalfa cryptic virus 1 Alfalfa dwarf cytorhabdovirus Alfalfa mosaic virus Algerian watermelon mosaic virus ... virus Yaba monkey tumor virus Yam mild mosaic virus Yam mosaic virus Yam spherical virus Yam virus X Yambean mosaic virus ... mosaic virus Sida mosaic Alagoas virus Sida mosaic Bolivia virus 1 Sida mosaic Bolivia virus 2 Sida mosaic Sinaloa virus Sida ... mosaic necrosis virus Bean common mosaic virus Bean dwarf mosaic virus Bean golden mosaic virus Bean golden yellow mosaic virus ...
Alfalfa mosaic virus Beet mosaic virus Cassava mosaic virus (in the begomovirus genus) Cowpea mosaic virus Cucumber mosaic ... virus Panicum mosaic satellite virus Plum pox virus (in the potyvirus genus) Squash mosaic virus Tobacco mosaic virus (in the ... Mosaic viruses are plant viruses that cause the leaves to have a speckled appearance. Mosaic virus is not a taxon. Species ... Mosaic Viruses at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) "Mosaic Virus Diseases of Vine Crops" at ...
... alfalfa (Medicago sativa), vetch (Vicia sativa), lupine (Lupinus luteus), Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), Fenugreek ( ... Plant Viruses Online - Bean yellow mosaic potyvirus ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database: Bean yellow mosaic virus Family ... Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae. Like other ... This virus makes two kinds of viral inclusions, laminiated aggregates and a nuclear inclusion. "Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV ...
Talk:Alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein binding (CPB) RNA. *Talk:Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 5' UTR stem-loop ... Pages in category "Low-importance virus articles". The following 200 pages are in this category, out of approximately 1,493 ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Low-importance_virus_articles&oldid=388350164" ... Talk:Bamboo mosaic virus. *Talk:Bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory element ...
... peanut stunt virus, subterranean clover stunt virus, bean common mosaic virus, cucumber mosaic virus and alfalfa mosaic virus ... The aphid is the vector of a number of plant viruses including groundnut rosette virus, peanut mottle virus, ... It may move back to alfalfa later in the year. In Belarus, lupine is an important host plant and in Ukraine, Acacia is most ... The eggs hatch in early spring and the first larvae are known as fundatrix (stem mothers) and feed at first on alfalfa. These ...
Soybean dwarf virus, Abaca mosaic virus, Alfalfa mosaic virus, Beet mosaic virus, Tobacco vein-banding virus, Tobacco ringspot ... virus, Bean yellow mosaic virus, Mungbean mosaic virus, Peanut mottle virus, Peanut stripe poty virus, and Peanut mosaic virus ... In China, the most important virus vectored by the soybean aphid is Soybean mosaic virus, which can cause yield loss and ... In addition to Soybean mosaic virus, the soybean aphid is capable of transmitting Soybean stunt virus, ...
... mosaic virus Sida mosaic Alagoas virus Sida mosaic Bolivia virus 1 Sida mosaic Bolivia virus 2 Sida mosaic Sinaloa virus Sida ... Alfalfa leaf curl virus Euphorbia caput-medusae latent virus French bean severe leaf curl virus Plantago lanceolata latent ... virus Bean calico mosaic virus Bean chlorosis virus Bean dwarf mosaic virus Bean golden mosaic virus Bean golden yellow mosaic ... mosaic virus Rose leaf curl virus Senecio yellow mosaic virus Sida golden mosaic Braco virus Sida golden mosaic Buckup virus ...
Alfalfa mosaic virus Genus: Anulavirus Amazon lily mild mottle virus Pelargonium zonate spot virus Genus: Bromovirus Broad bean ... mosaic virus Wild tomato mosaic virus Wisteria vein mosaic virus Yam mild mosaic virus Yam mosaic virus Yambean mosaic virus ... virus X Lily virus X Malva mosaic virus Mint virus X Narcissus mosaic virus Nerine virus X Opuntia virus X Papaya mosaic virus ... mosaic virus Glycine mosaic virus Pea green mottle virus Pea mild mosaic virus Quail pea mosaic virus Radish mosaic virus Red ...
Viruses[edit]. Papaya, potatoes, and squash have been engineered to resist viral pathogens such as cucumber mosaic virus which ... Alfalfa. Animal feed[162]. US. 2005. Approval withdrawn in 2007[163] and then re-approved in 2011[164]. ... Many strains of corn have been developed in recent years to combat the spread of Maize dwarf mosaic virus, a costly virus that ... The viruses are watermelon, cucumber and zucchini/courgette yellow mosaic. Squash was the second GM crop to be approved by US ...
"African cassava mosaic virus. In: ICTVdB - The Universal Virus Database", version 4. Büchen-Osmond, C. (Ed), Columbia ... Spotted alfalfa aphid being attacked by a parasitic wasp, Trioxys complanatus. The effects of loss of biodiversity are ... Reports from Burundi and Angola warn of a threat to food security caused by the African Cassava Mosaic Virus (ACMD).[24] ACMD ... Suitable farming strategies include polyculture, crop rotation, mosaics of small scattered fields and uncultivated land. ...
Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 5 UTR stem-loop. References[edit]. *^ ICTVdB Management (2006). "Alfalfa mosaic virus". In: ICTVdB- ... Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), also known as Lucerne mosaic virus or Potato calico virus, is a worldwide distributed phytopathogen ... Freeman A.; Aftab M. (2006). "Temperature pulse viruses: alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV)". Agriculture Notes: 1-3.. ... "Alfalfa mosaic virus". AAB Descriptions of Plant Viruses.. *^ Hyo Won Jung; Hye Jin Jung; Wan Soo Yun; Hye Ja Kim; Young ll ...
The Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) coat protein binding (CPB) RNA is an RNA element which is found in the 3 UTR of the genome. AMV ... Alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 1 5 UTR stem-loop Neeleman, L; Linthorst HJ; Bol JF (2004). "Efficient translation of alfamovirus ... Page for Alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein binding (CPB) RNA at Rfam. ...
First report of the infection of alfalfa mosaic virus in Salvia sclarea in Hungary. ... Similar symptoms caused by alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) infections were reported earlier affecting clary sage in Italy and ... basilicum strongly suggested the infection with alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV).. For molecular characterization, RT-PCR primers ... The presence of the virus in Salvia sclarea was confirmed by Northern blot using the cloned PCR product as a probe. Based on ...
... Ll. Martínez-Priego , M. C. Córdoba , C. Jordá , Virology Group ... First Report of Alfalfa mosaic virus in Lavandula officinalis. August 2004 , Volume 88 , Number 8. Pages 908.3 - 908.3. Authors ... for the presence of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). ELISA results were verified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain ... Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a typical source of AMV. However, because the nurseries where L. officinalis is grown are not ...
Coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of virus particles (virions) of the alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). ... Alfalfa mosaic virus. Coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of virus particles (virions) of the alfalfa mosaic virus ... The virus is transmitted by several species of aphids, and also, in alfalfa plants, by pollen into the seeds. Magnification: ... It was first identified in 1931 in the alfalfa plant (Medicago sativa), an important forage crop for livestock. This virus also ...
... such as Alfalfa mosaic virus(AMV), cause significant reductions in the productivity and vegetative persistence of white clover ... LB - left border of T-DNA region; P35S2 - enhanced Cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter; AMV CP - Alfalfa mosaic virus CP gene ... McLaughlin MR (1991) A greenhouse method for aphid inoculation of alfalfa mosaic virus in white clover by co-culture of virus, ... Crill P, Hanson EW, Hagedorn DJ (1971) Resistance and tolerance to alfalfa mosaic virus in alfalfa. Phytopathol 61:369-371 ...
... H. A. Hobbs , Department of Crop ... 200 soybean fields from 25 counties were surveyed for Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV). AMV and SbDV ... Only one virus, Soybean mosaic virus, has been reported from soybean in North Dakota (4). In July and August of 2010, ... For sequence-based virus detection, total RNA was extracted from all field samples using a Qiagen RNeasy Plant Mini Kit ( ...
... and examined the effect of these deletions on replication and translation of chimeric Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) expressing ... These data suggest that the 3 NTR of AlMV sgRNA4 contains potential elements necessary for virus encapsidation. ... long-distance movement and virus accumulation varied significantly in N. benthamiana. ... Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) RNAs 1 and 2 with deletions in their 3 non‑translated regions (NTRs) have been previously shown to ...
Differentiation Study between Alfalfa Mosaic Virus and Red Clover Mottle Virus Affecting Broad Bean by Biological and Molecular ... Alfalfa Mosaic Virus. The amino acid sequence corresponding to 550 bp fragment was compared with Alfalfa mosaic virus, the sole ... of Alfalfa mosaic virus Egyptian isolate (AMV-Eg, GQ923686), Alfalfa mosaic virus of Leiden strain 425 (AMVTc-2, AAA46289), ... Squash mosaic virus (SqMV-R, BAB62139), Squash mosaic virus isolate CH 99/211 (SqMV-P1, ABZ89551), Squash mosaic virus of RdRp ...
This HVR1 sequence was cloned into the open reading frame of a plant virus, Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (ALMV) coat protein (CP). The ... Expression of chimeric HCV peptide in transgenic tobacco plants infected with recombinant alfalfa mosaic virus for development ... Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the major etiologic agent of blood transfusion-associated and sporadic non-A non-B hepatitis ... Key Words: Hepatitis C virus (HCV), transgenic tobacco plants (P12), consensus HCV HVR1 epitope (R9), and chimeric ALMV-RNA4.. ...
... Note Number: AG1206. Published: August 2006. Updated: September 2010. ... Table1: Percentage of pulse crops infected with alfalfa mosaic virus in south eastern Australia and within crop virus incidence ... Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was first identified infecting lucerne in the USA, and is now distributed worldwide. The main source ... Temperate Pulse Viruses: Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (AMV) ... Temperate Pulse Viruses: Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (AMV) * Temperate ...
... and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) are tripartite positive-strand RNA plant viruses that encode functionally similar ... Although the two viruses are phylogenetically closely related, they infect a very different range of natural hosts. The coat ... The chimeric viruses exhibited basic competence for encapsidation and replication in P12 protoplasts and for a low level of ... The chimeric viruses were tested for heterologous encapsidation, replication in protoplasts from plants transformed with AMV ...
Bol, J. F. Alfalfa mosaic virus: coat protein-dependent initiation of infection. Mol. Plant Pathol. 4, 1-8 (2003).. Tromas, N ... Van Vloten-Doting, L. & Jaspars, E. M. Uncoating of Alfalfa mosaic virus by its own RNA. Virology 48, 699-708 (1972).. [-] ... Van Dun, C. M., Van Vloten-Doting, L. & Bol, J. F. Expression of Alfalfa mosaic virus cDNA1 and 2 in transgenic tobacco plants ... Van Rossum, C. M. A., García, M. L. & Bol, J. F. Accumulation of Alfalfa mosaic virus RNAs 1 and 2 requires the encoded ...
Epitope mapping with seventy-one overlapping octapeptides representing the whole sequence of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) coat ... Partial Epitope Mapping of Alfalfa mosaic Virus and the Effect of Coat Protein Gene Mutation on Aphid Transmission. ... Massumi, H., Jones, P., Hague, N. Partial Epitope Mapping of Alfalfa mosaic Virus and the Effect of Coat Protein Gene Mutation ... Massumi, H., Jones, P., Hague, N. (2005). Partial Epitope Mapping of Alfalfa mosaic Virus and the Effect of Coat Protein Gene ...
Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). Pathogen. Present. (OMAF 2004). Potato leafroll virus (PLRV). Pathogen. Present. (Atlantic Potato ... Potato virus Y (PVY) and several other viruses contribute to mosaic disease in S. tuberosum in Canada, which can reduce yield ... Potato leafroll virus (PLRV) is another important virus that infects S. tuberosum in Canada and can reduce the quality of ... Genomic variability in Potato virus M and the development of RT-PCR and RFLP procedures for the detection of this virus in seed ...
Alfalfa mosaic virus. Pathogen Aphis craccivora. Herbivore Aphis gossypii. Herbivore Bemisia tabaci. Herbivore ...
alfalfa mosaic virus. Plants. Ilarvirus. tobacco streak virus. Plants. Bromovirus. brome mosaic virus. Plants. ... Viral Diseases - Virus Names - Virus Families - Virus Hosts - Viruses By Genome Type Big Picture Book of Viruses - FAQ - Submit ... Group I: dsDNA Viruses *Group II: The ssDNA Viruses *Group III: dsRNA Viruses *Group IV: (+)sense RNA Viruses *Group V: (-) ... Nudaurelia capensis b-like viruses. Nudaurelia capensis b virus. Invertebrates. Nudaurelia capensis w-like viruses. Nudaurelia ...
Cofolding Organizes Alfalfa Mosaic Virus RNA and Coat Protein for Replication. By Laura M. Guogas, David J. Filman, James M. ... In a plant virus, a protein can bind to RNA to stabilize an unusual structure that is required for replication and contains a ...
3′-UTR mediated translation of the Alfalfa mosaic virus genome The non-polyadenylated Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV, genus ... The Panicum mosaic virus-like Translation Enhancer (PTE) was first identified in Panicum mosaic virus (PMV, genus Panicovirus, ... Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV, genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae), and Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV; genus Poacevirus, family ... Chen S.-C., Olsthoorn R. C. (2010). In vitro and in vivo studies of the RNA conformational switch in Alfalfa mosaic virus. J. ...
Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). Seedborne. 2. Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV). Seedborne. 2. ...
Cofolding organizes alfalfa mosaic virus RNA and coat protein for replication.. Guogas LM, Filman DJ, Hogle JM, Gehrke L. ... Catching a virus in the act of RNA release: a novel poliovirus uncoating intermediate characterized by cryo-electron microscopy ... The crystal structure of an unusual processivity factor, herpes simplex virus UL42, bound to the C terminus of its cognate ... Molecular tectonic model of virus structural transitions: the putative cell entry states of poliovirus. ...
Alfalfa mosaic virus. Broad bean wilt virus 1. Beet western yellows virus. Cauliflower mosaic virus. Cucumber mosaic virus. ... Lettuce mosaic virus. Pea seed-borne mosaic virus. Turnip mosaic virus. Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). Virus reservoirs. ... Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Lettuce mosaic virus (LMV), Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV), Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and ... Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Broad bean wilt virus 1 (BBWV-1), Beet western yellows virus (BWYV), Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV ...
MedicagoRNAsCoat proteinProteinIsolatesCucumber mosaiIncluding tomatoTobacco mosaiCharacterizationIsolate of Alfalfa mosaiPotatoTomato spottInfectionViralBromoviridaeResistanceAlMVNecrosisPlantSymptomsCaMVAlfamovirusSingle-strandedAphidsParticlesMottle VirusCowpea mosaiCauliflower mosaiGenomeTrifoliumRecombinantProteinsCloverPlantsGeneReplicationSoybeanHostsPromoterLucerneTransmissionIncidenceSystemicFungiDiseasesWatermelonResistantCropInfectVitroYellow mosaic virus
- In 1931 Weimer J.L. was the first to report AMV in alfalfa ( Medicago sativa ). (wikipedia.org)
- Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) is a typical source of AMV. (apsnet.org)
- It was first identified in 1931 in the alfalfa plant (Medicago sativa), an important forage crop for livestock. (sciencephoto.com)
- Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) on alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) in Saudi Arabia. (edu.sa)
- Alaska) and demonstrate that it is capable of directing the expression of the β-glucuronidase coding region to the developing epidermal tissue of vegetative and floral shoot apices of transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa cv. (deepdyve.com)
- Snap bean fields were either remote from or adjacent to alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a putative source of these viruses. (usda.gov)
- Alfalfa (Medicago sativa Leyss) is an important forage crop whose production is hampered by pests, including the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica Gyllenhal) which is a major problem in many areas. (k-state.edu)
- Superoxide Dismutase Enhances Tolerance of Freezing Stress in Transgenic Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. (plantphysiol.org)
- To further examine the relationship between oxidative and freezing stresses, the expression of SOD was modified in transgenic alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). The Mn-SOD cDNA from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was introduced into alfalfa using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. (plantphysiol.org)
- Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV) RNAs 1 and 2 with deletions in their 3′ non‑translated regions (NTRs) have been previously shown to be encapsidated into virions by coat protein (CP) expressed from RNA3, indicating that the 3′ NTRs of RNAs 1 and 2 are not required for virion assembly. (mdpi.com)
- Here we report experiments testing whether an evolutionary stable equilibrium exists for the three genomic RNAs of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). (upv.es)
- We are working to test a hypothesis stating that the lack of the poly(A) tail gives the virus a functional advantage(s) over the cellular RNAs. (harvard.edu)
- Identification of Three Distinct Classes of Satellite RNAs Associated With Two Cucumber mosaic virus Serotypes from the Ornamental Groundcover Vinca minor . (plantmanagementnetwork.org)
- The plant viruses alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and brome mosaic virus (BMV) each divide their genetic information among three RNAs while tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) contains a single genomic RNA. (pnas.org)
- I. M. Krab, C. Caldwell, D. R. Gallie, and J. F. Bol, "Coat protein enhances translational efficiency of Alfalfa mosaic virus RNAs and interacts with the eIF4G component of initiation factor eIF4F," Journal of General Virology , vol. 86, no. 6, pp. 1841-1849, 2005. (hindawi.com)
- Requirements for capped leader sequences for use during transcription initiation by tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) were tested using mutant alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) RNAs as specific cap donors in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants expressing the AMV replicase proteins. (ebscohost.com)
- The Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) coat protein binding (CPB) RNA is an RNA element which is found in the 3' UTR of the genome. (wikipedia.org)
- This HVR1 sequence was cloned into the open reading frame of a plant virus, Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (ALMV) coat protein (CP). (ajol.info)
- Replication of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA 3 with movement and coat protein genes replaced by corresponding genes of Prunus necrotic ringspot ilarvirus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Epitope mapping with seventy-one overlapping octapeptides representing the whole sequence of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) coat protein (CP) (strain S) was done using monoclonal antibodies. (ijbiotech.com)
- 109, Last updated, Version 1) XX DE Alfalfa mosaic virus isolate DA-01 coat protein-like gene, partial DE sequence. (ebi.ac.uk)
- 105, Last updated, Version 2) XX DE Alfalfa mosaic virus from Carica papaya coat protein gene, partial cds. (ebi.ac.uk)
- Cofolding organizes alfalfa mosaic virus RNA and coat protein for replication. (harvard.edu)
- Alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein bridges RNA and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase in vitro. (harvard.edu)
- Expression of foreign sequences in virus-infected plants using alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein (V. Yusibov et al. ). (elsevier.com)
- Transgenic plants that express the coat protein genes of tobacco mosaic virus or alfalfa mosaic virus interfere with disease development of some nonrelated viruses. (thefreedictionary.com)
- A comparison of the BMV T=1 particles was made with the reassembled T=1 particles produced from the coat protein of trypsin treated alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV), another bromovirus. (rcsb.org)
- Complementation of movement-deficient potato virus X (PVX) coat protein (CP) mutants, namely PVX.CP-Xho lacking the 18 C-terminal amino acid residues and PVX.ΔCP lacking the entire CP gene, was studied by transient co-expression with heterologous proteins. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Our studies, like studies of natural cross protection, suggest that coat protein interferes with an early event in virus replication. (purdue.edu)
- Accumulation of this protein does not confer virus resistance, as does virus coat protein. (purdue.edu)
- The photsystem II oxygen evolving complex protein, PsbP, ineracts with the coat protein of Alfalfa mosaic virus and inhibits virus replication. (purdue.edu)
- The importance of alfalfa mosaic virus coat protein dimers in the initiation of replication. (purdue.edu)
- The OAS of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has been studied most extensively and shown to be located within the movement protein (MP)-coding sequence [ 1 , 2 ]. (mdpi.com)
- Viral mRNA translation is a paradigmatic illustration of this, as the hallmark of viruses is that their genomes do not code for a protein synthesis apparatus. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- The novel vector was used for expression of the influenza vaccine candidate, M2eHBc, consisting of an extracellular domain of influenza virus M2 protein (M2e) fused to hepatitis B core antigen. (frontiersin.org)
- Some viruses severely modify the PD structure, as they assemble a virion carrying tubule composed of the viral movement protein (MP) inside the PD channel. (deepdyve.com)
- Conventional viruses are made up of nucleic acid encapsulated in protein (capsid), whereas viroids are uniquely characterized by the absence of a capsid. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Viroids resemble viruses, but consist of only small RNA molecules that do not have the protein coat found on viruses and that do not encode any proteins. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Nucleotide sequences of the [rabbit reticulocyte] ribosome-protected translation initiation sites from the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) M and L protein mRNA were determined, completing the sequences of the sites from all the VSV mRNA. (eurekamag.com)
- T=1 icosahedral particles of amino terminally truncated brome mosaic virus (BMV) protein were created by treatment of the wild-type T=3 virus with 1M CaCl2 and crystallized from sodium malonate. (rcsb.org)
- Both these mutants were also rescued by the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) movement protein (MP). (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Our results suggest that this protein, like that in virus infections, is associated with the cell wall. (purdue.edu)
- Post translational modification of alfalfa mosaic virus movement protein in vivo. (purdue.edu)
- The extracellular domain of matrix protein 2 (M2e) of influenza A virus is a promising target for the development of a universal vaccine against influenza because M2e sequences are highly conserved among human influenza A strains. (biomedcentral.com)
- Intranasal immunization of mice with purified Flg-4M protein induced high levels of M2e-specific serum antibodies and provided protection against lethal challenge with influenza virus. (biomedcentral.com)
- Nucleic acid sequence analysis of smallest and biggest bands revealed of 100 and 95% sequence identity with other Red Clover Mottle Virus (RCMV) and Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (AMV) isolates, respectively. (scialert.net)
- The race of the isolates was determined by inoculation of Saranac (susceptible to races 1 and 2) and WAPH-1 (resistant to race 1) alfalfa varieties. (uwex.edu)
- For example, 51 percent were race 2 in a field never used for alfalfa production and 27 percent of isolates were race 2 from a field used for pea production, while 43 percent of all isolates from fields with a history of alfalfa production were race 2. (uwex.edu)
- Of eight alfalfa cultivars evaluated for resistance to both races in a recent study, all except those selected for R2 resistance were susceptible to R2 isolates (5). (uwex.edu)
- Race 2 isolates may represent a widespread risk to alfalfa cultivars with resistance only to race 1. (uwex.edu)
- Nucleotide sequence comparisons of turnip yellow mosaic isolates from Australia and Europe. (springer.com)
- Zablocki O, Pietersen G . (2014) Characterization of a novel citrus tristeza virus genotype within three cross-protecting source GFMS12 sub-isolates in South Africa by means of Illumina sequencing . (up.ac.za)
- Scott KA, Hlela Q, Zablocki ODJ , Read DA , Van Vuuren SP, Pietersen G . (2013) Genotype composition of populations of Citrus tristeza virus grapefruit cross-protecting GFMS12 in different host plants and aphid-transmitted sub-isolates . (up.ac.za)
- Diseases caused by aphid-transmitted viruses such as Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) have increased in snap bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris ) in the Midwestern United States. (scoop.it)
- Genetic bottlenecks during systemic movement of Cucumber mosaic virus vary in different host plants. (springer.com)
- We surveyed commercial snap bean fields in New York for the aphis-transmitted viruses Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CYVV) and the Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV)/Clover yellow vein virus (CYVV) complex in 2002 and 2003, using ELISA. (usda.gov)
- Recent epidemics in snap bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) characterized by virus-like symptoms prompted a survey of commercial fields for Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and the Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV)/Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) complex in 2002 and 2003. (usda.gov)
- This virus also infects a wide range of other plants, including tomato, tobacco, pea and potato plants. (sciencephoto.com)
- Here, we constructed various mutants by deleting sequences within the 3′ NTR of AlMV subgenomic (sg) RNA4 (same as of RNA3) and examined the effect of these deletions on replication and translation of chimeric Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) expressing AlMV sgRNA4 from the TMV CP sg promoter (Av/A4) in tobacco protoplasts and Nicotiana benthamiana plants. (mdpi.com)
- Use of detached leaves to evaluate tobacco haploids and doubled haploids for resistance to tobacco mosaic virus , Meloidogyne incognita, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Studies on the mechanism of translational enhancement by the 5'-leader sequence of tobacco mosaic virus RNA. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Transmission of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) resistance to female gametes in selected [BC. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Poquonock was also selected for the dominant hypersensitive gene for resistance to tobacco mosaic virus derived from Nicotiana glutinosa L. (thefreedictionary.com)
- developed by the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 1999 because of its resistance to the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Race 0 black shank [caused by Phytophthora parasitica Dastur var. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 1987b) demonstrated that transgenic tobacco plants expressing the AMV CP gene were resistant to two strains of AMV but were susceptible to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). (thefreedictionary.com)
- Genetic resistance to tobacco mosaic virus , cyst nematodes, root-knot nematodes, and wildfire from Nicotiana repanda incorporated into N. (thefreedictionary.com)
- de Assis Filho F, Sherwood J. Evaluation of seed transmission of turnip yellow mosaic virus and tobacco mosaic virus in Arabidopsis thaliana . (springer.com)
- Transgenic tobacco plants infected with Alfalfa mosaic virus showed an increase in GUS expression when compared to mock-inoculated control plants, whereas Tobacco mosaic virus infection caused no changes in GUS expression. (mdpi.com)
- Molecular identification of a Tobacco mosaic virus isolate from imported petunias. (purdue.edu)
- Identification, taxonomy, evaluation and characterization of pests, diseases and weeds currently threaten productivity and quality of economically important crops in Aragon, mainly cereals, alfalfa, olive and fruit orchards. (unizar.es)
- In the past few decades, there has been a significant advance in the number, sophistication, and quality of molecular techniques and bioinformatics tools for the genetic characterization of virus populations. (springer.com)
- 2020 . Genome characterization of cetaceanpox virus from a managed Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops aduncus) . (asu.edu)
- 2019. Genetic characterization of a recombinant myxoma virus in the Iberian hare (Lepus granatensis) . (asu.edu)
- Kleynhans J, Pietersen G . (2016) Comparison of multiple viral population characterization methods on a candidate cross-protection Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) source . (up.ac.za)
- Incidence of Southern Bean Mosaic Virus (SBMV) on common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Aragua State, Venezuela, and partial molecular characterization of a viral isolate/Incidencia del virus Southern Bean Mosaic Virus (SBMV) en caraotas (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en el estado Aragua, Venezuela, y caracterizacion molecular parcial de un aislamiento viral. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 2007. Evaluation of green house grown pepper cultivars for an isolate of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (edu.sa)
- Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), also known as Lucerne mosaic virus or Potato calico virus , is a worldwide distributed phytopathogen that can lead to necrosis and yellow mosaics on a large variety of plant species, including commercially important crops. (wikipedia.org)
- Previously, we constructed a self-replicating vector, pA7248AMV, based on the genetic elements of potato virus X (PVX), and have shown that this vector can be used for the expression of recombinant proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana . (frontiersin.org)
- 1997. Viruses in the northern potato-producing regions of Saudi Arabia. (edu.sa)
- 1998. Potato viruses in central Saudi Arabia. (edu.sa)
- Identification of alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and other viruses from wild and cultivated plant species and reaction of the available potato cultivars to AMV in Saudi Arabia. (edu.sa)
- 2000. Viruses associated with potato diseases in the east and south of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. (edu.sa)
- Two of the most serious diseases of potato in recent years have been late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans , and mosaic, caused by potato virus Y (PVY). (umn.edu)
- Diseases scored under the tolerances for field grown seed potatoes, seed potato crop entered for certification, may consist of bacteria, fungi, viruses, or other biological entities affecting seed potato quality. (gc.ca)
- Alfalfa mosaic virus causes yellow mosaic or calico patterns on potato foliage. (usu.edu)
- Aphids feed on infected alfalfa, acquire the virus, and transmit it to healthy potato plants. (usu.edu)
- The chimeric construct was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana plants using either the self-replicating potato virus X (PVX) based vector, pA7248AMV-GFP, or the cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV)-derived expression vector, pEAQ- HT . (biomedcentral.com)
- They also transmit such diseases as the tomato spotted wilt virus, causing millions of dollars in damage to U.S. agricultural crops each year. (scoop.it)
- But it was not to be, as problems ranging from excessive rainfall to a severe outbreak of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) have dashed hopes for a banner 2005. (ebscohost.com)
- The article focuses on the U.S. tobacco growers in relation to their preparation of overcoming the problem of tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), one of the plant diseases. (ebscohost.com)
- Cover crops may hold back tomato spotted wilt virus. (ebscohost.com)
- The article focuses on the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)-sponsored research at the University of Georgia campus in Tifton which considers the use of a cover crop system to improve soil and to prevent tomato spotted wilt virus. (ebscohost.com)
- We transformed tobacco with the tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) nucleocapsid gene from the Hawaiian L isolate in order to obtain TSWV resistant breeding lines. (ebscohost.com)
- The article focuses on Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) that hurts many crops in Georgia. (ebscohost.com)
- The article reports on the research conducted by the North Carolina State University on tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and its effect on tomato production. (ebscohost.com)
- It reports that the University of Georgia Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Index and the Fungal Disease Index both have proven themselves to be invaluable tools for peanut producers in the lower Southeast. (ebscohost.com)
- According to plant pathologist Austin Hagan, long standing peanut production is the reason for the high incidence of tomato spotted wilt virus in the southeastern part of the Peanut Belt. (ebscohost.com)
- The article focuses on the multi-pronged strategy that tomato growers need to consider to battle tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). (ebscohost.com)
- Only larval thrips that acquire Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV), or adults derived from such larvae, transmit the virus. (usda.gov)
- It has been proved that in the important forage grass alfalfa, the infection by AMV leads to a decrease of Cu, Fe, Mn, P and Zn quantities. (wikipedia.org)
- All of the reactions of test plants, especially those of O. basilicum strongly suggested the infection with alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). (springer.com)
- However, because the nurseries where L. officinalis is grown are not in the vicinity of alfalfa fields, we suggest the source of the infection originated in the propagation material. (apsnet.org)
- Encapsidation of the viral genome is an essential step in the life cycle of many plant viruses because efficient virus infection and spreading require production of virions. (mdpi.com)
- Symptoms on the infected plant depend greatly on the strain of virus, host variety, stage of growth at infection and environmental conditions. (vic.gov.au)
- Susceptibility of Arabidopsis Ecotypes to Infection by Iris yellow spot virus . (plantmanagementnetwork.org)
- The multiplicity of cellular infection (MOI) is the number of virus genomes of a given virus species that infect individual cells. (asm.org)
- Since viruses are obligate intracellular parasites, a fundamental parameter determining their within-host population dynamics/genetics is the multiplicity of cellular infection (MOI), defined as the number of genomes of a given virus species that infects a cell. (asm.org)
- 1991. Natural infection of broad bean by bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) in Saudi Arabia. (edu.sa)
- Local context drives infection of grasses by vector-borne generalist viruses. (springer.com)
- Phloem transport of plant viruses is an essential step in the setting-up of a complete infection of a host plant. (frontiersin.org)
- After an initial replication step in the first cells, viruses spread from cell-to-cell through mesophyll cells, until they reach the vasculature where they rapidly move to distant sites in order to establish the infection of the whole plant. (frontiersin.org)
- The result of this arm race leads to a complete resistance of the plant, if the virus cannot overcome the plant defenses, or to a systemic infection, eventually ending with the host death, if the viral counter defenses are efficient enough to bypass the plant protection system. (frontiersin.org)
- Virus transport in phloem tissues encompasses translocation from mesophyll cells to sieve elements (SE) via the successive crossings of the bundle sheath (BS), vascular parenchyma cells (VP), and companion cells (CC). Once in SE, the virus is transported with the phloem sap to distant locations, then it exits from SE to initiate new infection sites and to disseminate efficiently throughout the whole plant (Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
- We found it impossible to relate visual symptoms in fields to infection by any one of the viruses. (usda.gov)
- In fact, most snap bean fields surveyed at the bloom stage did not have any symptoms of virus infection. (usda.gov)
- The presence of alfalfa next to snap beans did not increase the risk of virus infection in the latter. (usda.gov)
- Late-planted snap beans appeared to be more at risk to virus infection in 2002 for all viruses, but only to BYMV/CYVV in 2003. (usda.gov)
- Model-adjusted mean incidences of infection by AMV, BYMV/ClYVV and CMV were 41.96, 6.56 and 6.69% respectively, in alfalfa, and 6.66, 6.38 and 17.20% in snap bean. (usda.gov)
- Virus incidences did not differ between snap bean adjacent to or remote from alfalfa, but incidence of infection by AMV and BYMV/ClYVV was significantly higher in snap bean planted later in the season rather than earlier. (usda.gov)
- In some years infection by aphid-transmitted viruses can become widespread in snap bean in New York. (usda.gov)
- Pathogen-inducible phytosensor studies were initiated by analyzing the sensitivity of the synthetic promoters against virus infection. (mdpi.com)
- The resistance is similar to natural cross protection, whereby infection with a virus protects a plant from subsequent infection by other strains of the same virus. (purdue.edu)
- Adefovir dipivoxil [9-(2-(bispivaloyloxymethyl)phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine (bis-POM PMEA)], an oral prodrug of adefovir (PMEA), is currently in phase III clinical testing for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. (aspetjournals.org)
- Chlorosis - Abnormal light green or yellow coloration of leaves due to insufficient production of chlorophyll, which may be caused by lack of light, mineral deficiency, infection (particular with viruses), or genetic factors. (gc.ca)
- This feature differs from the viral infection complex called mosaic. (gc.ca)
- Viral diseases, such as Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), cause significant reductions in the productivity and vegetative persistence of white clover plants in the field. (springer.com)
- Online Resource 2 Summary of Alfalfa mosaic virus strains used for isolation of the AMV CP gene and for viral inoculation experiments. (springer.com)
- Here, we review the tools utilized by positive-sense single-stranded (+ss) RNA plant viruses to initiate non-canonical translation, focusing on cis -acting sequences present in viral mRNAs. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Finally, future research perspectives on the unusual translational strategies of +ssRNA viruses are discussed, including parallelisms between viral and host mRNAs mechanisms of translation, particularly for host mRNAs which are translated under stress conditions. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- 2013 ), and in fact the host range of a given virus may be determined by its ability to efficiently translate viral mRNAs using host translation factors, as we have shown recently for a plant virus (Truniger et al. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- IMPORTANCE The MOI is the size of the viral population colonizing cells and defines major phenomena in virus evolution, like the intensity of genetic exchange and the size of within-host population bottlenecks. (asm.org)
- The catalytic subunit of the viral replicase complexes is a virus-coded RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). (asm.org)
- Another approach to obtain viral RdRps is to purify them from virus-infected cells. (asm.org)
- Lent, J. 2016-06-23 00:00:00 Intercellular spread of plant viruses involves passage of the viral genome or virion through a plasmodesma (PD). (deepdyve.com)
- While most viruses seem to move systemically as virus particles, some viruses are transported in SE as viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNP). (frontiersin.org)
- The topic of this review will mainly focus on the host and viral factors that facilitate or restrict virus long-distance movement. (frontiersin.org)
- Reassortment of functional modules of coding and regulatory sequence from preexisting viral or cellular sources, perhaps via RNA recombination, may be an important mechanism in RNA virus evolution. (pnas.org)
- Plants can be genetically engineered for virus resistance by transformation with a viral gene. (ebscohost.com)
- Until now, identification of the OAS in the tripartite Alfalfa mosaic virus (AlMV), a member of the Bromoviridae family, has been elusive. (mdpi.com)
- The outbreak occurred in an area close to a region where the presence of Tobacco streak virus (TSV), family Bromoviridae , genus Ilarvirus , is historical. (scielo.br)
- AMV is the type member of the genus Alfamovirus in the Bromoviridae family of plant viruses. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The Cornell thrips-resistant tomato lines, with and without the virus resistance genes, will be used by Mutschler-Chu and an interdisciplinary team of eight other scientists from seven other institutions nationwide as part of a new five-year, $3.75 million project to control thrips and TOSPO viruses in tomatoes. (scoop.it)
- however, other cucurbits (zucchini and yellow squash, muskmelon, pumpkin and winter squash) also have some resistance to viruses, bacteria and selected fungi. (cornell.edu)
- A clear example of this is the emergence of drug-resistant mutants of animal/human viruses, of resistance-breaking variants of plant viruses, or of recombinant genotypes with an enlarged host range. (asm.org)
- 1991. Inheritance of resistance to zucchini yellow mosaic virus in cucumber. (edu.sa)
- One race (race 1) was initially discovered and was used for development of most alfalfa cultivars with Aphanomyces resistance. (uwex.edu)
- Alfalfa varieties with resistance only to race 1 are vulnerable to Aphanomyces root rot in many areas due to the presence of race 2. (uwex.edu)
- Several commercial alfalfa varieties are available that have resistance to both races of Aphanomyces. (uwex.edu)
- A multi-generation analysis of the stability of transgenic virus resistance in doubled-haploid tobacco lines. (ebscohost.com)
- A random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) marker directly linked (0.0 cM) with a resistance gene was identified in a snap bean recombinant inbred population (Moncayo x Primo) consisting of 94 F(5:7) recombinant inbred lines that had uniform segregation for disease reaction to Beet curly top virus (BCTV) across three field locations. (usda.gov)
- AMV is a very variable plant virus and several strains with minor differences exist (strain Q, strain S, strain 425, strain AlMV-B, strain AlMV- S,...). Distinction is based on different symptoms in one or two chosen hosts and also on, for example, differential physico-chemical properties. (wikipedia.org)
- These data suggest that the 3′ NTR of AlMV sgRNA4 contains potential elements necessary for virus encapsidation. (mdpi.com)
- Transmission of the virus occurs mainly by some aphids (plant lice), by seeds or by pollen to the seed. (wikipedia.org)
- The virus can be detected in each part of the host plant. (wikipedia.org)
- Inoculation of test plants with extracts of diseased clary sage leaves demonstrated the presence of a mechanically transmitted plant virus named isolate Ssc. (springer.com)
- Dikova B (2014) Establishment of virus pathogens on the medicinal plant Salvia sclarea . (springer.com)
- This plant virus is an alfamovirus, and has an RNA (ribonucleic acid) genome. (sciencephoto.com)
- The AMV is one of the most biologically variable plant viruses and numerous natural variants having different pathogenicity ( Hajimorad and Francki, 1991 ). (scialert.net)
- The RCMV is a member of the genus Comovirus , family Secoviridae, which represents nonenveloped plant viruses with icosahedral capsids and bipartite, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes. (scialert.net)
- Using plant-virus based transient expression to produce this unique chimeric antigen will facilitate the development and production of an experimental HCV vaccine. (ajol.info)
- Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Prunus necrotic ringspot virus (PNRSV) are tripartite positive-strand RNA plant viruses that encode functionally similar translation products. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- Jaspars, E. M. Plant viruses with a multipartite genome. (upv.es)
- We also describe other translation strategies used by plant viruses to optimize the usage of the coding capacity of their very compact genomes, including leaky scanning initiation, ribosomal frameshifting and stop-codon readthrough. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- A complete listing of weeds as natural reservoirs for plant viruses in the Northeast can be found at http://VegetableMDOnline.ppath.cornell.edu/Tables/WeedHostTable.html . (cornell.edu)
- Roger Hull graduated in Botany from Cambridge University in 1960, and subsequently studied plant virus epidemiology at London University's Wye College, gaining a PhD in 1964. (indigo.ca)
- Plant-produced M2eHBc formed virus-like particles in vivo , as required for its use as a vaccine. (frontiersin.org)
- Biochemical features of RdRps for several positive-strand RNA viruses, including poliovirus ( 3 ), flaviviruses ( 12 , 18 , 22 , 23 , 45 ), plant potyviruses ( 16 ), and potexviruses ( 21 ) have been examined in some detail by using purified preparations obtained from heterologous expression systems. (asm.org)
- Host Index and Status of Plant Viruses and Virus-Like Disease Agents in Saudi Arabia. (edu.sa)
- A goal for many forage producers is to plant alfalfa and clover, harvest high yields on an appropriate schedule, and retain stands for many years. (uwex.edu)
- For more than one century, studies of plant viruses have broken paths in many fields of biology. (springer.com)
- More recently, studies of plant viruses have also been pioneer in population genomics. (springer.com)
- This has broadened current knowledge on the mechanisms that generate genetic diversity and on the evolutionary forces and ecological factors that shape the genetic structure and dynamics of plant virus populations. (springer.com)
- In sum, we provide an overview of current understanding on the population genomics of plant viruses at every level of population organization. (springer.com)
- Advances in plant virus evolution: translating evolutionary insights into better disease management. (springer.com)
- Bujarski J. Genetic recombination in plant-infecting messenger-sense RNA viruses: overview and research perspectives. (springer.com)
- The loss, removal or damage of traditional plant labels at any stage of production can result in a mother plant that has no known history, which is especially problematic because of the many viruses, viroids , phytoplasmas and other systemic pathogens that can infect propagative material. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites living exclusively in the symplast of their hosts. (frontiersin.org)
- Virus accumulation at high levels throughout the whole plant is a necessary condition for virus survival. (frontiersin.org)
- Massive titer of virions may facilitate virus transmission from one plant to another, whatever the mode of propagation: by seeds or pollen, by graftings, by mechanical wounds, or by vectors. (frontiersin.org)
- Viruses are dependent on their hosts to complete their life cycle in the plant, i.e., replication, encapsidation, cell-to-cell movement, and long-distance transport. (frontiersin.org)
- A wide range of intermediate situations between plant immunity and death can be encountered, which highlights the complexity of interactions that may take place between the virus and the plant. (frontiersin.org)
- Virus entry into plant cells, mostly epidermal, and mesophyll, is followed by virion disassembly and genome translation/replication in inoculated tissues. (frontiersin.org)
- Many of the residues that the TMV read-through domain and the segmented plant viruses have in common are also conserved in a read-through domain found in the nonstructural polyprotein of the animal alphaviruses Sindbis and Middelburg. (pnas.org)
- In 2002, there was a positive association between AMV and CMV in the tendency to find both viruses in the same snap bean plant. (usda.gov)
- which indicate the prevalence of these plant viruses in animals. (omicsonline.org)
- ChiSCV ORF 1 was 15-24% similar in amino acid sequence to the replicase of the multi-segmented plant viruses of the Nanoviridae family but only 12-17% similar to the replicases of circoviruses and geminiviruses. (omicsonline.org)
- and (iii) one randomly selected leaflet from 10 plants with virus-like symptoms from either the lower or upper part of the plant. (plantmanagementnetwork.org)
- II Plant Viruses and Silencing Pathways (reviewed by Csorba et al. (scribd.com)
- Plant viruses are among the simplest of plant pathogens. (purdue.edu)
- A growing number of plant virus genomes have been molecularly defined and cloned as cDNA. (purdue.edu)
- This virus is similar to the majority of plant viruses in that it has a single-stranded RNA genome. (purdue.edu)
- To study the role of virus genes in disease development and to devise and test strategies for the control of plant viruses, we transferred individual AMV genes into plant genomes. (purdue.edu)
- While we certainly do not equate the seriousness of Zika with agricultural problems, the Zika virus can serve as a reminder about aspects of the many plant-infecting viruses, from alfalfa mosaic to zucchini yellow mosaic, that affect vegetables. (growingproduce.com)
- Comparative Plant Virology provides a complete overview of our current knowledge of plant viruses, including background information on plant viruses and up-to-date aspects of virus biology and control. (researchandmarkets.com)
- Reaction of physalis spp to plant viruses xii. (eurekamag.com)
- In addition to destroying the look of a lawn, the plant can also be toxic to cattle and hosts damaging phytopathogens like the alfalfa mosaic and pea mottle viruses. (sfgate.com)
- The virology diagnostics team at Fera utilises a range of tests, including ELISA, and molecular methods such as PCR and next generation sequencing, to both detect and identify a range of plant affecting viruses, viroids and phytoplasmas. (fera.co.uk)
- Accurate plant virus diagnosis is integral to effective crop management. (fera.co.uk)
- Fera's virus diagnosis team can work with you to select the correct diagnostics package for your plant sample. (fera.co.uk)
- ELISA is a tried and tested technique which can provide accurate, cost-effective diagnosis for a range of known viruses across many plant hosts. (fera.co.uk)
- ELISA is widely used for initial screening tests, and this method may be supported with further testing by TaqMan® or PCR to provide species confirmation when detecting and identifying viruses within plant samples. (fera.co.uk)
- The plant virology team at Fera are leading the world in the application of NGS-informed plant virus diagnosis. (fera.co.uk)
- In summer 2016 bright yellow mosaic symptoms were detected in plants of wild growing populations of Salvia sclarea L. (clary sage) near Lake Velencei (Middle-West Hungary). (springer.com)
- Similar symptoms caused by alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) infections were reported earlier affecting clary sage in Italy and Bulgaria (Bellardi et al. (springer.com)
- plants reacted with bright yellow mosaic (calico) symptoms. (springer.com)
- This study aimed to identifying the causal virus (es) inducing wilting and necrotic symptoms on broad bean plants. (scialert.net)
- Lucerne develops mottling or mosaic symptoms and reddening of leaf margins (Figure 5). (vic.gov.au)
- A virus was isolated from soybean ( Glycine max ) plants with symptoms of dwarfing and bud blight in Wenceslau Braz County, Paraná, Brazil. (scielo.br)
- 1955). At that time, the authors mentioned that similar symptoms were described in soybean in the USA, but these symptoms were caused by Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), family Comoviridae , genus Nepovirus . (scielo.br)
- In recent years, symptoms induced by viruses have been associated with yield losses on a wide scale in processing snap bean in the Midwest and Northeast US. (usda.gov)
- In 2000 he was conducting experiments to exclude insects that might transmit viruses to soybean plots so he could evaluate the crop for viruses, symptoms, and yield loss. (wisc.edu)
- In spring 2002, CMV and LMV were the most prevalent viruses in lettuce, while CaMV was the most important virus present in Brassica crops grown in Navarra, followed by CMV and BWYV. (csic.es)
- Synthetic promoters were constructed by combining various regulatory elements supplemented with the enhancer elements from the Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter to increase basal level of the GUS expression. (mdpi.com)
- Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) is in the genus Alfamovirus and is spread by aphids. (usu.edu)
- Turnip crinkle virus (TCV) is a small, plus-sense, single-stranded RNA virus of plants. (asm.org)
- Nanoviridae is a family of single stranded DNA viruses which infect the plants through their phloem tissues. (omicsonline.org)
- VI Negative-Sense Single- Stranded RNA Viruses (reviewed by Kormelink et al. (scribd.com)
- The virus is transmitted by several species of aphids, and also, in alfalfa plants, by pollen into the seeds. (sciencephoto.com)
- Aphids spread the viruses from seed-infected plants to healthy plants. (vic.gov.au)
- This means that spread of the virus is generally over short distances, as aphids only remain infective for periods from a few minutes up to a few hours. (vic.gov.au)
- Although aphids rarely colonise chickpea plants, they still probe them as they move through the crop spreading the viruses. (vic.gov.au)
- Plants immediately surrounding agricultural fields may serve as primary virus inocula for aphids to acquire and transmit to bean crops. (scoop.it)
- Alfalfa mosaic virus spreads through tools that are not properly sanitized, aphids and hands, so infected plants must be taken out and burned to destroy the virus and prevent spreading it to other plants. (sfgate.com)
- Because the virus is often transmitted by aphids, regular treatments of insecticidal soap can reduce the chances of contracting this problem. (gardenguides.com)
- Feeding by large numbers of these aphids can significantly reduce yields and increase virus incidence (AMV, SbDV, and SMV). (plantmanagementnetwork.org)
- The aphids suck sap from the plants, stressing them and introducing viruses. (wisc.edu)
- AMV is a multipartite virus and is composed of 4 particles (3 bacilliform and 1 spheroidal) with a diameter of 18 nm. (wikipedia.org)
- Coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of virus particles (virions) of the alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). (sciencephoto.com)
- The MOI is usually one genome per cell when cells are infected from virus particles moving long distances in the vasculature, whereas it is much higher during subsequent cell-to-cell movement in mesophyll. (asm.org)
- Nonviruliferous adults can ingest virus particles while feeding on TSWV-infected plants, but such adult thrips have not been shown to transmit TSWV. (usda.gov)
- In many Midwestern states, including Illinois, Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) is the most prevalent virus infecting soybean (1). (plantmanagementnetwork.org)
- Bean pod mottle virus was detected by immunological assays of individual leaf samples. (plantmanagementnetwork.org)
- In this study, we have investigated the role of PDLPs in intercellular transport of another tubule-forming virus, cowpea mosaic virus. (deepdyve.com)
- Plasmodesmata-located proteins (PDLPs) localised in the PD have been shown to contribute to tubule formation in cauliflower mosaic virus and grapevine fanleaf virus infections. (deepdyve.com)
- In an attempt to obtain a high level of production of intact E1 in transgenic plants, the E1 gene was expressed under the control of strong Mac promoter (a hybrid promoter of manopine synthase promoter and cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter enhancer region) or tomato Rubisco small subunit (RbcS-3C) promoter with different 5' untranslated leader (UTL) sequence and targeted to different subcellular comartmentations with various transit peptides. (osti.gov)
- Endoglucanase E1 from Acidothermus cellulolyticus was expressed cytosolically under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter in transgenic duckweed, Lemna minor 8627 without any obvious observable phenotypic effects on morphology or rate of growth. (osti.gov)
- This is a list of representative viruses (grouped by genome structure) compiled from: 'Virus Taxonomy', the Sixth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) 1995. (virology.net)
- The MOI was very low in primary infections from virus circulating within the vasculature, generally leading to primary foci founded by a single genome. (asm.org)
- The genome of Nanoviridae viruses consists of 6 to 8 circular (+) ssDNA about 1kb in size. (omicsonline.org)
- Environmental risk assessment of genetically modified Alfalfa mosaic virus resistant white clover (Trifolium repens L. (edu.au)
- Previous in vitro experiments have shown that HIV-1 recombinant viruses expressing either a K65R or a K70E mutation in reverse transcriptase (RT) have reduced sensitivity to PMEA and that the K70E mutant also has impaired replication capacity in vitro . (aspetjournals.org)
- 2016 ). From a strategic point of view, understanding how viruses translate their own proteins may significantly contribute to the identification of therapeutic (Robert et al. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Replication of RNA viruses is carried out by membrane-bound multisubunit replicase complexes, which consist of virus- and host-coded proteins ( 5 , 6 , 19 ). (asm.org)
- To date, however, very few host proteins are known to promote virus spread. (deepdyve.com)
- We suggest that, despite substantial differences in gene organization and expression, all of these viruses use related proteins for common functions in RNA replication. (pnas.org)
- Alfalfa mosaic virus replicase proteins P1 and P2 localize to the tonoplast when in the presence of virus RNA. (purdue.edu)
- Online Resource 3 Summary of climatic data collected near the Hamilton, Victoria and Howlong, NSW sites for field evaluation of transgenic virus-resistant white clover plants. (springer.com)
- Many disease affect roots, leaves, stems of alfalfa and red clover from the seedling to established stages. (uwex.edu)
- Three diseases that are particularly damaging will be emphasized in this presentation: Aphanomyces root rot of alfalfa, crown rots of alfalfa, and clover yellow mosaic virus. (uwex.edu)
- Nanovirus includes three species namely Faba beans necrotic yellows virus (FBNYV), Milk vetch dwarf virus (MVDV) and Subterranean clover stunt virus (SCSV) while Babuvirus have two species accounted yet, namely Abaca bunchy top virus (ABTV) and Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV). (omicsonline.org)
- Bellardi MG, Autonell CR, Bertaccini A (1999) Virus and phytoplasma infections on officinal plants in Emilia-Romagna. (springer.com)
- Symptomatic plants tested positive using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Phyto-Diagnostics, INRA, France) for the presence of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). (apsnet.org)
- A regular screening program will assist in providing virus-free plants to ornamental nurseries. (apsnet.org)
- Differentiation and Distribution of Cordyline Viruses 1-4 in Hawaiian ti Plants ( Cordyline fruticosa L. (mdpi.com)
- Two viruses were isolated and biologically purified by single local lesion method on Phaseolus vulgaris plants. (scialert.net)
- The chimeric viruses were tested for heterologous encapsidation, replication in protoplasts from plants transformed with AMV replicase genes P1 and P2 (P12 plants) and for cell-to-cell transport in P12 plants. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- The chimeric viruses exhibited basic competence for encapsidation and replication in P12 protoplasts and for a low level of cell-to-cell movement in P12 plants. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- An RNA virus that causes mosaic disease in tobacco and some other plants and is widely used in research in virology and genetics. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Dot blot hybridization assays have been used widely to detect AMV and other viruses and viroids in infected plants (Peiro et al. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Viruses were common in both snap bean and alfalfa, but incidences of virus-infected plants were higher in 2002 (72.4% in alfalfa, 52.9% in snap bean) than in 2003 (39.2% in alfalfa, 15.2% in snap bean). (usda.gov)
- Most favorite varieties of peppers are resistant to the common viruses that can plague the plants. (gardeningchannel.com)
- The edible AIDS vaccine with the HIV glycoprotein gp120 gene has been condemned as dangerous by a number of AIDS virologists [7-because the gp120 gene and gene product can undermine our immune system and generate new viruses and bacteria that cause diseases. (i-sis.org.uk)
- This homology suggests the existence of a common ancestral gene for these 2 apparently unrelated viruses. (eurekamag.com)
- The E1 expression was increased more than two fold when the 5'-UTL of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA4 gene replaced the UTL of RbcS-3C promoter, while the UTL of alfalfa mosaic virus RNA4 gene was less effective than the UTL of Mac promoter. (osti.gov)
- The goal of our research is to determine the roles of virus genes in virus replication and in disease development with the expectation that the results will lead to novel approaches for virus control. (purdue.edu)
- Only one virus, Soybean mosaic virus , has been reported from soybean in North Dakota (4). (apsnet.org)
- In July and August of 2010, 200 soybean fields from 25 counties were surveyed for Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV). (apsnet.org)
- A recent outbreak of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merril] bud blight in Wenscelau Braz County, State of Paraná, Brazil, may be an indication of the occurrence of a virus disease. (scielo.br)
- Epidemics caused by viruses have coincided with the recent introduction of the soybean aphid, raising the question of how important aphid-transmitted viruses may be in causing the disease and yield reduction in snap bean. (usda.gov)
- Fungus, bacteria, and viruses can all negatively affect soybean growth. (saskpulse.com)
- Lamprecht RL, Kasdorf GGF, Stiller M, Staples SM, Nel LH, Pietersen G . (2010) Soybean blotchy mosaic virus, a New Cytorhabdovirus Found in South Africa . (up.ac.za)
- Other soybean-infecting viruses in Illinois include Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), Soybean dwarf virus (SbDV), Soybean mosaic virus (SMV), Tobacco ringspot virus (TRSV), and Tobacco streak virus (TSV). (plantmanagementnetwork.org)
- Whiteflies ( Bemisia tabaci ) also can cause yield losses in soybean through feeding damage, and indirectly through transmission of a number of viruses none of which have been reported on soybean in the United States. (plantmanagementnetwork.org)
- The first five counties were selected because northern Illinois had a history of high soybean aphid populations as measured by the North Central Regional Soybean Aphid Suction Trap Network ( ncipmc.org/traps ), which increased the expectation of detecting aphid-transmitted viruses. (plantmanagementnetwork.org)
- They transmit two viruses - soybean mosaic virus and alfalfa mosaic virus - that can distort pods, discolor seed and reduce yields. (wisc.edu)
- Although the two viruses are phylogenetically closely related, they infect a very different range of natural hosts. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- In addition, these RdRp preparations can efficiently recognize the related Tomato bushy stunt virus promoter sequences, including the minus- and plus-strand initiation promoters. (asm.org)
- Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) was first identified infecting lucerne in the USA, and is now distributed worldwide. (vic.gov.au)
- The main source of this virus is lucerne, but it has a wide host range which includes the temperate pulses (chickpeas, faba beans, field peas and lentils) as well as pasture legumes and perennial weeds. (vic.gov.au)
- Since we do not feel that seed transmission plays a role in the spread of viruses infecting cucurbits in New York, we need to look elsewhere for the virus source. (cornell.edu)
- Insecticide applications are not effective for PVY control because transmission of this stylet-borne virus occurs before the insecticide can act against the vector. (umn.edu)
- Because A. glycines is a vector for both viruses (1,2), the distribution, incidence, and agronomic impact of AMV and SbDV could be affected in years when A. glycines infestations are high. (apsnet.org)
- Virus incidence was much lower in spring than in autumn, especially in 2001. (csic.es)
- This last step is referred to as systemic transport, or long-distance movement, and involves virus crossings through several cellular barriers: bundle sheath, vascular parenchyma, and companion cells for virus loading into sieve elements (SE). (frontiersin.org)
- The enzymes may be expressed constitutively at low levels but are dramatically enhanced by numerous abiotic agents (ethylene, salicylic acid, salt solutions, ozone, UV light) and by biotic factors (fungi, bacteria, viruses, viroids , fungal cell wall components, and oligosaccharides). (thefreedictionary.com)
- Woodiness is the general term given to the effects of several different diseases, including the passionfruit woodiness virus and the alfalfa mosaic virus. (gardenguides.com)
- Occurrence Of Viruses Infecting Watermelon, Other Cucurbits, and Weeds in the Parts of Southern United States. (plantmanagementnetwork.org)
- A Watermelon mosaic virus clone tagged with the yellow visual maker phytoene synthase facilitates scoring infectivity in melon breeding programs. (upv.es)
- Movement of zucchini yellow mosaic virus ( ZYMV) in susceptible and resistant cucumber cultivars. (edu.sa)
- Another clue to a potential problem with Aphanomyces is stunting and poor nodulation of an alfalfa cultivar that is highly resistant to Phytophthora . (uwex.edu)
- Aphanomyces root rot of alfalfa can best be managed by avoiding slowly-drained soils and by using Aphanomyces-resistant alfalfa varieties. (uwex.edu)
- Alfalfa varieties rated highly resistant (HR) or resistant (R) to Aphanomyces root rot should be planted where slowly-drained soils occur and where Aphanomyces may be a problem (6, 8). (uwex.edu)
- AMV was reported by the American Phytopathological Society Virus Working Group (2007 to 2008) to be widely prevalent in North Dakota, but we found no peer-reviewed reports of verified AMV identification on any crop in the state. (apsnet.org)
- Worldwide, this crop is known to be naturally infected by about 44 viruses ( Cockbain, 1983 ), which cause considerable yield losses. (scialert.net)
- In recent years, the virus has damaged as much as half of the state's crop, and most growers routinely prepare for. (ebscohost.com)
- Weeds help predict severity of crop virus. (ebscohost.com)
- This ensures your crop management strategy is fit for purpose and able to address any potential viruses within your crop, mitigating the potential economic risk to your harvest. (fera.co.uk)
- The role of weeds in the epidemiology of viruses that infect lettuce and Brassica crops in Spain is discussed. (csic.es)
- In addition to infecting a diverse group of horticultural crops (Table 1), vegetable viruses commonly infect many important weeds , which serve as the principle reservoirs for these viruses. (cornell.edu)
- Viruses reported to infect cucurbit crops grown in New York. (cornell.edu)
- Inclusions of Alfalfa mosaic virus In vitro AMV has a longevity of 1-4 days (sometimes much longer). (wikipedia.org)
- ZYMV = zucchini yellow mosaic virus. (cornell.edu)
- 1995. Response of greenhouse-grown cucumber cultivars to an isolate of zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV). (edu.sa)
- First Report of Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus on cucurbits in the central region of Saudi Arabia. (edu.sa)