Loss of the power to comprehend written materials despite preservation of the ability to write (i.e., alexia without agraphia). This condition is generally attributed to lesions that "disconnect" the visual cortex of the non-dominant hemisphere from language centers in the dominant hemisphere. This may occur when a dominant visual cortex injury is combined with underlying white matter lesions that involve crossing fibers from the occipital lobe of the opposite hemisphere. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p483)
A receptive visual aphasia characterized by the loss of a previously possessed ability to comprehend the meaning or significance of handwritten words, despite intact vision. This condition may be associated with posterior cerebral artery infarction (INFARCTION, POSTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY) and other BRAIN DISEASES.
Loss or impairment of the ability to write (letters, syllables, words, or phrases) due to an injury to a specific cerebral area or occasionally due to emotional factors. This condition rarely occurs in isolation, and often accompanies APHASIA. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p485; APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)
Partial or complete loss of vision in one half of the visual field(s) of one or both eyes. Subtypes include altitudinal hemianopsia, characterized by a visual defect above or below the horizontal meridian of the visual field. Homonymous hemianopsia refers to a visual defect that affects both eyes equally, and occurs either to the left or right of the midline of the visual field. Binasal hemianopsia consists of loss of vision in the nasal hemifields of both eyes. Bitemporal hemianopsia is the bilateral loss of vision in the temporal fields. Quadrantanopsia refers to loss of vision in one quarter of the visual field in one or both eyes.
A cognitive disorder characterized by an impaired ability to comprehend written and printed words or phrases despite intact vision. This condition may be developmental or acquired. Developmental dyslexia is marked by reading achievement that falls substantially below that expected given the individual's chronological age, measured intelligence, and age-appropriate education. The disturbance in reading significantly interferes with academic achievement or with activities of daily living that require reading skills. (From DSM-IV)
A language dysfunction characterized by the inability to name people and objects that are correctly perceived. The individual is able to describe the object in question, but cannot provide the name. This condition is associated with lesions of the dominant hemisphere involving the language areas, in particular the TEMPORAL LOBE. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p484)
The act or practice of literary composition, the occupation of writer, or producing or engaging in literary work as a profession.
Posterior portion of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES responsible for processing visual sensory information. It is located posterior to the parieto-occipital sulcus and extends to the preoccipital notch.
A discipline concerned with relations between messages and the characteristics of individuals who select and interpret them; it deals directly with the processes of encoding (phonetics) and decoding (psychoacoustics) as they relate states of messages to states of communicators.
Disorders that feature impairment of eye movements as a primary manifestation of disease. These conditions may be divided into infranuclear, nuclear, and supranuclear disorders. Diseases of the eye muscles or oculomotor cranial nerves (III, IV, and VI) are considered infranuclear. Nuclear disorders are caused by disease of the oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens nuclei in the BRAIN STEM. Supranuclear disorders are produced by dysfunction of higher order sensory and motor systems that control eye movements, including neural networks in the CEREBRAL CORTEX; BASAL GANGLIA; CEREBELLUM; and BRAIN STEM. Ocular torticollis refers to a head tilt that is caused by an ocular misalignment. Opsoclonus refers to rapid, conjugate oscillations of the eyes in multiple directions, which may occur as a parainfectious or paraneoplastic condition (e.g., OPSOCLONUS-MYOCLONUS SYNDROME). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p240)
The science or study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and reception, and their analysis, classification, and transcription. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
The formation of an area of NECROSIS in the CEREBRUM caused by an insufficiency of arterial or venous blood flow. Infarcts of the cerebrum are generally classified by hemisphere (i.e., left vs. right), lobe (e.g., frontal lobe infarction), arterial distribution (e.g., INFARCTION, ANTERIOR CEREBRAL ARTERY), and etiology (e.g., embolic infarction).
Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.
Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.
Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere responsible for auditory, olfactory, and semantic processing. It is located inferior to the lateral fissure and anterior to the OCCIPITAL LOBE.
A cognitive disorder marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or express language in its written or spoken form. This condition is caused by diseases which affect the language areas of the dominant hemisphere. Clinical features are used to classify the various subtypes of this condition. General categories include receptive, expressive, and mixed forms of aphasia.
Disorders of speech articulation caused by imperfect coordination of pharynx, larynx, tongue, or face muscles. This may result from CRANIAL NERVE DISEASES; NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES; CEREBELLAR DISEASES; BASAL GANGLIA DISEASES; BRAIN STEM diseases; or diseases of the corticobulbar tracts (see PYRAMIDAL TRACTS). The cortical language centers are intact in this condition. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p489)
Acquired or developmental conditions marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or generate spoken forms of language.
A disturbance in the normal fluency and time patterning of speech that is inappropriate for the individual's age. This disturbance is characterized by frequent repetitions or prolongations of sounds or syllables. Various other types of speech dysfluencies may also be involved including interjections, broken words, audible or silent blocking, circumlocutions, words produced with an excess of physical tension, and monosyllabic whole word repetitions. Stuttering may occur as a developmental condition in childhood or as an acquired disorder which may be associated with BRAIN INFARCTIONS and other BRAIN DISEASES. (From DSM-IV, 1994)
A group of cognitive disorders characterized by the inability to perform previously learned skills that cannot be attributed to deficits of motor or sensory function. The two major subtypes of this condition are ideomotor (see APRAXIA, IDEOMOTOR) and ideational apraxia, which refers to loss of the ability to mentally formulate the processes involved with performing an action. For example, dressing apraxia may result from an inability to mentally formulate the act of placing clothes on the body. Apraxias are generally associated with lesions of the dominant PARIETAL LOBE and supramarginal gyrus. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp56-7)
Communication through a system of conventional vocal symbols.
Measurement of parameters of the speech product such as vocal tone, loudness, pitch, voice quality, articulation, resonance, phonation, phonetic structure and prosody.

The functional anatomy of single-word reading in patients with hemianopic and pure alexia. (1/15)

We investigated single-word reading in normal subjects and patients with alexia following a left occipital infarct, using PET. The most posterior brain region to show a lateralized response was at the left occipitotemporal junction, in the inferior temporal gyrus. This region was activated when normal subjects, patients with hemianopic alexia and patients with an incomplete right homonymous hemianopia, but no reading deficit, viewed single words presented at increasing rates. This same area was damaged in a patient with pure alexia ("alexia without agraphia") and no hemianopia, who read words slowly using a letter-by-letter strategy. Although the exact level of the functional deficit is controversial, pure alexia is the result of an inability to map a percept of all the letters in a familiar letter string on to the mental representation of the whole word form. However, the commonest deficit associated with "pure" alexia is a right homonymous field defect; an impairment that may, by itself, interfere with single-word reading because of inability to see the letters towards the end of a word. The relative contributions of pure and hemianopic alexia in individual patients needs to be assessed, as the latter has been shown to respond well to specific rehabilitation programmes.  (+info)

Visual command hallucinations in a patient with pure alexia. (2/15)

Around 25% of patients with visual hallucinations secondary to eye disease report hallucinations of text. The hallucinated text conveys little if any meaning, typically consisting of individual letters, words, or nonsense letter strings (orthographic hallucinations). A patient is described with textual visual hallucinations of a very different linguistic content following bilateral occipito-temporal infarcts. The hallucinations consisted of grammatically correct, meaningful written sentences or phrases, often in the second person and with a threatening and command-like nature (syntacto-semantic visual hallucinations). A detailed phenomenological interview and visual psychophysical testing were undertaken. The patient showed a classical ventral occipito-temporal syndrome with achromatopsia, prosopagnosia, and associative visual agnosia. Of particular significance was the presence of pure alexia. Illusions of colour induced by monochromatic gratings and a novel motion-direction illusion were also observed, both consistent with the residual capacities of the patient's spared visual cortex. The content of orthographic visual hallucinations matches the known specialisations of an area in the left posterior fusiform gyrus--the visual word form area (VWFA)--suggesting the two are related. The VWFA is unlikely to be responsible for the syntacto-semantic hallucinations described here as the patient had a pure alexic syndrome, a known consequence of VWFA lesions. Syntacto-semantic visual hallucinations may represent a separate category of textual hallucinations related to the cortical network implicated in the auditory hallucinations of schizophrenia.  (+info)

Alexia without agraphia in a postpartum eclamptic patient with factor V Leiden deficiency. (3/15)

We present a case of eclampsia complicated by alexia without agraphia. To our knowledge, this syndrome has never before been described in the literature.  (+info)

Transitory alexia without agraphia: a disconnection syndrome due to neurocysticercosis. (4/15)

We describe a 65-year-old male who presented with acute onset inability to read, without any difficulty in writing. A clinical diagnosis of alexia without agraphia was made and the patient was subjected to routine investigations including contrast MRI. MRI showed a ring-enhancing lesion in left occipital area, suggestive of neurocysticercosis supported by quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay from purified cell fraction of taenia solium cysticerci (PCF-ELISA). Patient was treated with albendazole and prednisolone for one week. The clinical manifestation as well as the radiological finding resolved after treatment.  (+info)

The rises and falls of disconnection syndromes. (5/15)

In a brain composed of localized but connected specialized areas, disconnection leads to dysfunction. This simple formulation underlay a range of 19th century neurological disorders, referred to collectively as disconnection syndromes. Although disconnectionism fell out of favour with the move against localized brain theories in the early 20th century, in 1965, an American neurologist brought disconnection to the fore once more in a paper entitled, 'Disconnexion syndromes in animals and man'. In what was to become the manifesto of behavioural neurology, Norman Geschwind outlined a pure disconnectionist framework which revolutionized both clinical neurology and the neurosciences in general. For him, disconnection syndromes were higher function deficits that resulted from white matter lesions or lesions of the association cortices, the latter acting as relay stations between primary motor, sensory and limbic areas. From a clinical perspective, the work reawakened interest in single case studies by providing a useful framework for correlating lesion locations with clinical deficits. In the neurosciences, it helped develop contemporary distributed network and connectionist theories of brain function. Geschwind's general disconnectionist paradigm ruled clinical neurology for 20 years but in the late 1980s, with the re-emergence of specialized functional roles for association cortex, the orbit of its remit began to diminish and it became incorporated into more general models of higher dysfunction. By the 1990s, textbooks of neurology were devoting only a few pages to classical disconnection theory. Today, new techniques to study connections in the living human brain allow us, for the first time, to test the classical formulation directly and broaden it beyond disconnections to include disorders of hyperconnectivity. In this review, on the 40th anniversary of Geschwind's publication, we describe the changing fortunes of disconnection theory and adapt the general framework that evolved from it to encompass the entire spectrum of higher function disorders in neurology and psychiatry.  (+info)

Shades of Dejerine--forging a causal link between the visual word form area and reading. (6/15)

In 1892, the French neurologist Jules Dejerine suggested that pure alexia resulted from an occipital lesion that selectively disconnected visual input from a region of the brain that housed "optical images of words." In this issue of Neuron, Gaillard and colleagues offer evidence consistent with Dejerine's proposal and provide new insights to the functional role of the "visual word form area."  (+info)

Structural anatomy of pure and hemianopic alexia. (7/15)

BACKGROUND: The two most common types of acquired reading disorder resulting from damage to the territory of the dominant posterior cerebral artery are hemianopic and pure alexia. Patients with pronounced hemianopic alexia have a right homonymous hemianopia that encroaches into central or parafoveal vision; they read individual words well, but generate inefficient reading saccades when reading along a line of text. Patients with pure alexia also often have a hemianopia but are more disabled, making frequent errors on individual words; they have sustained damage to a brain region that supports efficient word identification. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the differences in lesion site between hemianopic alexia and pure alexia groups, as rehabilitative techniques differ between the two conditions. METHODS: High-resolution magnetic resonance images were obtained from seven patients with hemianopic alexia and from six patients with pure alexia caused by a left occipital stroke. The boundary of each lesion was defined and lesion volumes were then transformed into a standard stereotactic space so that regional comparisons could be made. RESULTS: The two patient groups did not differ in terms of damage to the medial left occipital lobe, but those with pure alexia had additional lateral damage to the posterior fusiform gyrus and adjacent tissue. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians will be able to predict the type of reading disorder patients with left occipital lesions have from simple tests of reading speed and the distribution of damage to the left occipital lobe on brain imaging. This information will aid management decisions, including recommendations for reading rehabilitation.  (+info)

Too little, too late: reduced visual span and speed characterize pure alexia. (8/15)

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Alexia, Pure (also known as Developmental Alexia or Congenital Alexia) is a neurological disorder characterized by the inability to read, despite having normal intelligence, education, and visual acuity. Individuals with Pure Alexia have difficulty recognizing and naming printed words, but their ability to comprehend spoken language and to recognize objects and faces is generally intact. Pure Alexia is caused by damage to the left occipito-temporal region of the brain, specifically the left ventral occipitotemporal cortex (VOTC), which is responsible for the visual processing of written words. This damage can occur due to a variety of factors, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, or hereditary conditions. The diagnosis of Pure Alexia is typically made through a combination of neurological exams, cognitive assessments, and brain imaging studies. Treatment for Pure Alexia may involve speech therapy and other forms of cognitive rehabilitation to help individuals improve their reading skills and compensate for their reading deficits.

Dyslexia, acquired, is a neurological disorder that affects an individual's ability to read and write. It is typically characterized by difficulties with phonemic awareness, decoding, and fluency, which can result in slow reading speed, poor comprehension, and difficulty spelling words. Acquired dyslexia is different from developmental dyslexia, which is a genetic disorder that is present from birth. Acquired dyslexia can result from a variety of factors, including brain injury, stroke, or other neurological conditions. It can also be caused by certain medications or toxins that affect the brain. Treatment for acquired dyslexia may include speech therapy, occupational therapy, and educational interventions such as phonics instruction and reading comprehension strategies. The goal of treatment is to improve the individual's reading skills and to help them overcome the challenges associated with acquired dyslexia.

Agraphia is a neurological disorder characterized by an inability to produce written language, despite having normal intelligence, memory, and the ability to speak. It can be caused by damage to various parts of the brain, including the left hemisphere, which is typically responsible for language processing. Agraphia can be further classified into different types, such as pure alexia (difficulty reading), agraphia without alexia (difficulty writing), and conduction aphasia (difficulty repeating spoken words). Treatment for agraphia may involve speech therapy, occupational therapy, and other forms of rehabilitation to help individuals regain or improve their writing abilities.

Hemianopsia is a neurological condition characterized by a partial loss of vision in one half of the visual field, resulting in a "split vision" or "blind spot" on one side. It can be caused by damage to the optic nerve, which carries visual information from the eye to the brain, or to the brain itself. Hemianopsia can be classified as either homonymous (when both eyes are affected on the same side) or heteronymous (when the two eyes are affected on opposite sides). It can be a symptom of a variety of neurological disorders, including stroke, brain tumors, and multiple sclerosis. Treatment for hemianopsia depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, surgery, or rehabilitation therapy.

Dyslexia is a learning disorder that affects an individual's ability to read, write, and spell. It is a neurological condition that is characterized by difficulties with phonological processing, which is the ability to recognize and manipulate the sounds of language. People with dyslexia may have difficulty with decoding words, recognizing words, and spelling words correctly. They may also have difficulty with reading fluency, which is the ability to read smoothly and quickly without making errors. Dyslexia can affect individuals of all ages and can be a lifelong condition, although with proper support and intervention, individuals with dyslexia can learn to read and write effectively.

In the medical field, anomia refers to a condition in which a person has difficulty finding the right word to express an idea or concept. This can be a symptom of various neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, stroke, or traumatic brain injury. Anomia can also be a side effect of certain medications, such as antipsychotics or antidepressants. The severity of anomia can vary, ranging from mild difficulty finding the right word to complete loss of the ability to speak. Treatment for anomia depends on the underlying cause and may include speech therapy, medication, or other interventions.

Ocular motility disorders refer to a group of conditions that affect the movement of the eyes. These disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including damage to the nerves or muscles that control eye movement, problems with the brain's ability to coordinate eye movements, or abnormalities in the shape or position of the eyes or orbit. Symptoms of ocular motility disorders can include double vision, difficulty tracking objects with the eyes, limited ability to move the eyes in certain directions, and a sensation of the eyes being stuck or unable to move. These symptoms can be caused by a variety of conditions, including muscle weakness or paralysis, nerve damage, or problems with the brain's control of eye movement. Diagnosis of ocular motility disorders typically involves a comprehensive eye examination, including tests of eye movement and coordination, as well as imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans. Treatment options for ocular motility disorders depend on the underlying cause and may include medications, physical therapy, or surgery. In some cases, corrective lenses or other optical aids may also be helpful in improving vision and reducing symptoms.

Cerebral infarction, also known as a stroke, is a medical condition that occurs when blood flow to a part of the brain is interrupted, causing brain tissue to die. This can happen when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked by a clot or when a blood vessel bursts and leaks blood into the surrounding brain tissue. Cerebral infarction can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the location and size of the affected area of the brain. Common symptoms include sudden weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body; difficulty speaking or understanding speech; vision problems; dizziness or loss of balance; and severe headache. Cerebral infarction is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment to minimize the risk of long-term disability or death. Treatment options may include medications to dissolve or remove the blood clot, surgery to remove the clot or repair the damaged blood vessel, and rehabilitation to help patients recover from the effects of the stroke.

Aphasia is a neurological disorder that affects a person's ability to communicate. It is caused by damage to the brain, usually in the left hemisphere, which is responsible for language processing. Aphasia can be caused by a variety of factors, including stroke, head injury, brain tumor, or degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. There are several types of aphasia, each with its own set of symptoms and severity. The most common type of aphasia is Broca's aphasia, which affects a person's ability to speak fluently and form grammatically correct sentences. People with Broca's aphasia may have difficulty finding the right words or forming complete sentences, but their speech is usually slow and halting. Another common type of aphasia is Wernicke's aphasia, which affects a person's ability to understand spoken or written language. People with Wernicke's aphasia may have difficulty following conversations or understanding written text, but their speech is usually fluent and grammatically correct. Other types of aphasia include mixed aphasia, which combines symptoms of both Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia, and global aphasia, which affects a person's ability to understand and produce language in all forms. Treatment for aphasia depends on the type and severity of the disorder, as well as the underlying cause. Speech therapy is often used to help people with aphasia improve their communication skills, and in some cases, medication or surgery may be necessary to treat the underlying cause of the disorder.

Dysarthria is a speech disorder characterized by difficulty in producing clear speech due to weakness, paralysis, or poor coordination of the muscles involved in speech production. It can result from a variety of neurological conditions, such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, or brain injury, as well as from certain genetic disorders or muscle diseases. Dysarthria can affect the clarity, volume, pitch, and rate of speech, and may also cause slurred or slow speech, difficulty in swallowing, and changes in voice quality. Treatment for dysarthria may involve speech therapy, which can help individuals improve their speech clarity and communication skills.

Speech disorders, also known as speech and language disorders, are conditions that affect a person's ability to communicate effectively using speech, language, and/or voice. These disorders can be caused by a variety of factors, including genetic, neurological, developmental, environmental, and medical conditions. Speech disorders can affect different aspects of communication, such as the ability to produce sounds, form words and sentences, understand spoken and written language, and use nonverbal communication. Some common types of speech disorders include: 1. Articulation disorders: These disorders affect the production of speech sounds, such as lisping or difficulty pronouncing certain sounds. 2. Fluency disorders: These disorders affect the flow and rhythm of speech, such as stuttering or repeating sounds. 3. Voice disorders: These disorders affect the quality, pitch, and volume of a person's voice, such as hoarseness or loss of voice. 4. Language disorders: These disorders affect a person's ability to understand and use language, such as difficulty with grammar, vocabulary, or comprehension. Speech disorders can have a significant impact on a person's daily life, including their ability to communicate with others, participate in social activities, and perform academic or occupational tasks. Treatment for speech disorders typically involves a combination of speech therapy, language therapy, and other interventions, depending on the specific type and severity of the disorder.

Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by involuntary repetitions, prolongations, or blocks of sounds, syllables, or words during speech. It can affect the fluency and clarity of speech, making it difficult for individuals to communicate effectively. Stuttering can occur at any age, but it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood. It is a complex disorder that is not fully understood, and there is no single cause. Treatment options for stuttering include speech therapy, behavioral therapy, and medication.

Apraxia is a neurological disorder that affects a person's ability to carry out learned motor tasks despite intact motor function and the ability to understand the purpose of the task. It is often associated with damage to the brain, particularly in the left hemisphere, which is responsible for controlling movement and language. There are several types of apraxia, including: 1. Action apraxia: This type of apraxia affects a person's ability to carry out complex, learned motor tasks, such as buttoning a shirt or tying a shoe. 2. Ideational apraxia: This type of apraxia affects a person's ability to plan and organize motor movements, such as reaching for a specific object or performing a series of steps to complete a task. 3. Verbal apraxia: This type of apraxia affects a person's ability to produce speech sounds and words correctly, despite intact cognitive and motor function. Apraxia can be a symptom of a variety of neurological conditions, including stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. Treatment for apraxia may involve speech therapy, occupational therapy, and other forms of rehabilitation to help the person regain their ability to carry out motor tasks.

... , also known as agnosic alexia or alexia without agraphia or pure word blindness, is one form of alexia which makes ... because pure alexia affects visual input, not auditory input, patients with pure alexia can recognize words that are spelled ... Pure alexia is also known as: "alexia without agraphia", "letter-by-letter dyslexia", "spelling dyslexia", or "word-form ... alexia, as opposed to developmental dyslexia found in children who have difficulties in learning to read. Pure alexia almost ...
Yin, Wengang & Butterworth, B. (1998). "Chinese pure alexia". Aphasiology. 12 (1): 65-76. doi:10.1080/02687039808249444. OCLC ...
... "agnosic alexia" or "pure alexia"), agnosias for colors (inability to differentiate colors), agnosias for the environment ( ... Pure alexia, an inability to read. Orientation agnosia: an inability to judge or determine orientation of objects. Pantomime ... These variants of visual agnosia include prosopagnosia (inability to recognize faces), pure word blindness (inability to ...
Dejerine was one of the pioneers in the study of localisation of function in the brain, having first shown that pure alexia may ... Dejerine syndrome can also refer to pure alexia. Dejerine-Klumpke paralysis: Lower brachial plexus paralysis occurring during ...
Behrmann, M.; Shallice, T. (1995). "Pure alexia: A nonspatial visual disorder affecting letter activation". Cognitive ... "represents the usual partial recovery from an early ventral simultanagnosia/pure alexia". Agnosia Farah, M.J. (1990). "Visual ...
Joseph Jules Dejerine reported on a case of pure alexia. William MacIntyre reported on a case of multiple myeloma (described in ...
StachowiakF-J, Poeck K. (1976). "Functional disconnection in pure alexia and color naming deficit demonstrated by facilitation ... on a case in 1976 of a 67-yr-old male with hemianopia resulting from a cerebrovascular accident resulting in pure alexia and a ... Applications have included alexia without agraphia dyslexia, persistent vegetative state and minimally conscious state as well ... Sroka H, Solsi P, Bornstein B (1973). "Alexia without agraphia with complete recovery". Confinia Neurologica. 35 (3): 167-176. ...
Lesions near the left occipital lobe can result in pure alexia (alexia without agraphia). Damage to the primary visual cortex, ...
Pure alexia as a disconnection syndrome: new diffusion imaging evidence for an old concept. Cortex. Sep;44(8):962-74. doi: ... schizophrenia and alexia. ILF supports brain functions concerning the visual modality, including object, face and place ...
An individual with pure alexia should be able to copy a set of words, and should be able to recognize letters. Individuals are ... Individuals with pure alexia usually have difficulty reading words as well as difficulty with identifying letters. In order to ... pure word deafness' (Kussmaul, 1877), or as it is understood today, speech agnosia. Patients with pure word deafness ... Kussmaul also posited about the origins of alexia (acquired dyslexia) also known as word blindness. He believed that word ...
Currently, many patients have experienced these same symptoms of verbal blindness, but the term has been changed to pure alexia ... Lesions at this location result in pure alexia, a deficit in word recognition, while other language abilities remain intact. ... Critical scientists claim that patients with pure alexia commonly have extensive left occipital lesions which include damaged ...
Pure Reason Revolution reformed in 2019, with Courtney, Alper and Jong performing new shows and releasing new albums Eupnea and ... Loundra, Alexia. (6 January 2006). Rock & Pop: Roll on the Revolution Archived 21 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine The ... 10 April 2006) Pure Reason Revolution Archived 3 April 2008 at the Wayback Machine. Disorder Magazine. Retrieved 15 March 2008 ... Along with his brother and Alper, Courtney came together with Greg Jong and Jim Dobson to form Pure Reason Revolution. The ...
Many studies have shown that disconnection syndromes such as aphasia, agnosia, apraxia, pure alexia and many others are not ... pure alexia, etc. Theodore Meynert, a neuroanatomist of the late 1800s, developed a detailed anatomy of white matter pathways. ... Dejerine in 1892 described specific symptoms resulting from a lesion to the corpus callosum that caused alexia without agraphia ...
Pure alexia, another left sided lesion that does not result in agraphia, despite being next to the area where lesions cause ... Carota A, Di Pietro M, Ptak R, Poglia D, Schnider A (2004). "Defective spatial imagery with pure Gerstmann's syndrome". ...
Pure alexia, also known as agnosic alexia or pure word blindness, is one form of alexia which makes up "the peripheral dyslexia ... Dyslexia that develops due to a traumatic brain injury, stroke, or dementia is sometimes called "acquired dyslexia" or alexia. ...
Fesser asserted that his film did not intend to have the protagonist be Alexia and referred to his film as being "pure fiction ... But Alexia's brother Alfredo said in a letter that Fesser's film "is both unjust and terrible" and that it reopened old wounds ... Alexia González-Barros González (7 March 1971 - 5 December 1985) was a Spanish Roman Catholic child. González-Barros studied in ... "Venerabile Alexia Gonzáles-Barros y González". Santi e Beati. Retrieved 21 January 2019. Giles Tremlett (5 October 2008). "Opus ...
... loss of the ability to read due to cerebral disorder Pure alexia, a form in which other language skills are unaffected Alexia ... Alexia may refer to: Alexia (given name) Alexia (Italian singer) (born 1967) Alexia (album), a 2002 album by the Italian singer ... an Italian cycling team MV Alexia, an oil tanker converted into a merchant aircraft carrier Alexias (fl. 4th century BC), Greek ... Spanish footballer sometimes known mononymously Alexia: Labor Omnia Vincit, a 2022 docu-series about the footballer Alexia ( ...
For example, in pure alexia, the ability to read is destroyed by a lesion damaging both the left visual field and the ... this does not mean someone with pure alexia is incapable of comprehending speech-merely that there is no connection between ... their working visual cortex and language areas-as is demonstrated by the fact that pure alexics can still write, speak, and ...
Pure alexia ("alexia without dysgraphia" or "pure word blindness") is a category-specific agnosia, characterized by a distinct ... The disorder appears to be very uncommon in a "pure" or uncomplicated form and is usually accompanied by other complex ...
For example, in pure alexia, the ability to read is destroyed by a lesion damaging both the left visual field and the ... this does not mean one with pure alexia is incapable of comprehending speech-merely that there is no connection between their ... working visual cortex and language areas-as is demonstrated by the fact that people with pure alexia can still write, speak, ...
Alexia (acquired dyslexia) MeSH C23.888.592.604.150.500.300.200.100 - alexia, pure MeSH C23.888.592.604.150.500.550 - language ... Alexia (acquired dyslexia) MeSH C23.888.592.604.339 - confusion MeSH C23.888.592.604.339.500 - delirium MeSH C23.888.592.604. ...
... alexia, pure word deafness, agraphia, facial apraxia, and depression. Persons with global aphasia are socially appropriate, ...
... alexia (acquired dyslexia) MeSH C10.597.606.150.500.300.200.100 - alexia, pure MeSH C10.597.606.150.500.550 - language ... alexia (acquired dyslexia) MeSH C10.597.606.337 - confusion MeSH C10.597.606.337.500 - delirium MeSH C10.597.606.358 - ...
For example, in pure alexia, a person may be able to write but not read, and in pure word deafness, they may be able to produce ... Many localizationist approaches also recognize the existence of additional, more "pure" forms of language disorder that may ... Alexia (condition), Communication disorders, Language disorders, Symptoms and signs: Speech and voice). ...
Alexia M. (2005), "The IUPAP young scientists prize in astrophysics", Astronomical and Astrophysical Transactions, Commission ... 19 (Astrophysics) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics, 24 (3): 149, Bibcode:2005A&AT...24..149F, doi:10.1080 ...
Alexia (condition) MeSH F03.087.700.500 - alexia, pure MeSH F03.300.500 - multiple personality disorder MeSH F03.375.100 - ...
... now referred to as pure alexia or as Dejerine syndrome. In 1908, Hugo Liepmann observed left-sided apraxia (a motor disorder of ...
Mary Alexia) (1838-1929), Founder of the School Sisters of Saint Francis (Baden-Württemberg, Germany - Wisconsin, USA) ... Founder of the Handmaids of the Pure Heart of Mary (Alsace, France - Dahomey, Benin - Georgia, USA) Pierre Joseph Oristide ... Elizabeth Barbara Williams (Mary Theodore) (1868-1931), Founder of the Franciscan Handmaids of the Most Pure Heart of Mary ( ...
Alexia is the inability to read, which can arise from damage to Wernicke's area, among other places.[page needed] Agraphia is ... Three major pure language disorders are Developmental verbal dyspraxia, specific language impairment, and stuttering. ... The three major linguistic disorders that result from these injuries are aphasia, alexia, and agraphia. Aphasia is the ...
Alexia Lynn Elesius: The Princess Royal of the Kingdom of Elesius, rumored to be dead after a landslide. She shared her ... Her physical similarities to Clarissa are a pure coincidence, but led to an incident in their childhood: when both girls were ... He is overjoyed when he hears 'Princess Alexia' is alive and breaks free from his father to support her. He uses tonfas as ... For the first half of the game, she is mistaken for Princess Alexia, due to their striking resemblance; after hearing of ...
ALEXIA PURA. ALEXIA, PURE. ALEXIA PURA. ALFA PROTEOBACTERIAS. ALPHA PROTEOBACTERIA. PROTEOBACTÉRIAS ALFA. ...
ALEXIA PURA ALEXIA, PURE ALEXIA PURA ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS AMAUROSE FUGAZ AMAUROSIS FUGAX AMAUROSIS FUGAX ...
ALEXIA PURA ALEXIA, PURE ALEXIA PURA ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS AMAUROSE FUGAZ AMAUROSIS FUGAX AMAUROSIS FUGAX ...
ALEXIA PURA ALEXIA, PURE ALEXIA PURA ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS AMAUROSE FUGAZ AMAUROSIS FUGAX AMAUROSIS FUGAX ...
ALEXIA PURA. ALEXIA, PURE. ALEXIA PURA. ALFA PROTEOBACTERIAS. ALPHA PROTEOBACTERIA. PROTEOBACTÉRIAS ALFA. ...
ALEXIA, PURE ALEXIA PURA ALEXIA PURA ALPHA PROTEOBACTERIA ALFA PROTEOBACTERIAS PROTEOBACTÉRIAS ALFA ...
ALEXIA PURA ALEXIA, PURE ALEXIA PURA ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS AMAUROSE FUGAZ AMAUROSIS FUGAX AMAUROSIS FUGAX ...
ALEXIA PURA ALEXIA, PURE ALEXIA PURA ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS AMAUROSE FUGAZ AMAUROSIS FUGAX AMAUROSIS FUGAX ...
ALEXIA PURA ALEXIA, PURE ALEXIA PURA ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS AMAUROSE FUGAZ AMAUROSIS FUGAX AMAUROSIS FUGAX ...
ALEXIA PURA ALEXIA, PURE ALEXIA PURA ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS AMAUROSE FUGAZ AMAUROSIS FUGAX AMAUROSIS FUGAX ...
ALEXIA PURA. ALEXIA, PURE. ALEXIA PURA. ALFA PROTEOBACTERIAS. ALPHA PROTEOBACTERIA. PROTEOBACTÉRIAS ALFA. ...
ALEXIA PURA ALEXIA, PURE ALEXIA PURA ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS AMAUROSE FUGAZ AMAUROSIS FUGAX AMAUROSIS FUGAX ...
Pure alexia may result from infarction of the dominant occipital cortex. Words are treated as if they are from a foreign ... Classic alexia without agraphia was described by Dejerine in the late 19th century. In his case study, he emphasized a left ... Other neuropsychological deficits may include prosopagnosia (inability to recognize faces), visual agnosia, amnesia, and alexia ...
Patients make errors in reading (alexia). Writing is fluent but has many errors and tends to lack substantive words (fluent ... However, Wernicke aphasia is a pure language disturbance without other features of delirium (eg, fluctuating level of ... alexia (loss of the ability to read words) is also present. ...
Pure hypercholesterolemia 127210=Pure hyperglyceridemia 127220=Mixed hyperlipidemia 127230=Hyperchylomicronemia 127240= ... Alexia and dyslexia 178469=Other symbolic dysfunction 178470=Epistaxis 178480=Hemorrhage from throat 178490=Other ... Alexia 131502=Developmental dyslexia 131509=Other reading disorder 131510=Specific arithmetical disorder 131520=Other ...
Results: Pure, high quality cfDNA was successfully extracted from blood plasma of all study participants. When compared with ... Vergis, Nikhil; Phillips, Rachel; Cornelius, Victoria; Katsarou, Alexia; Youngstein, Taryn; Cook, Lucy; Willicombe, Michelle; ...
Damasio AR, Damasio H. The anatomic basis of pure alexia. Neurology. 1983 Dec. 33(12):1573-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Pure alexia and optic aphasia are often discussed with the classical aphasias. ... Encompassed under the term aphasia are selective, acquired disorders of reading (alexia) or writing (agraphia). Closely related ...
ALEXIA PURA ALEXIA, PURE ALEXIA PURA ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS AMAUROSE FUGAZ AMAUROSIS FUGAX AMAUROSIS FUGAX ...
... including alexia without agraphia, posterior alexia, and literal or letter-by-letter alexia. Patients with pure alexia have ... Their alexia is a relatively pure deficit. Patients may be able to write a sentence, then be unable to read it. They have no ... Damasio AR, Damasio H. The anatomic basis of pure alexia. Neurology. 1983 Dec. 33(12):1573-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Closely related to the pure alexia with agraphia syndrome is the Gerstmann syndrome. Gerstmann brought together the 4 deficits ...
Alexia, Pure Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH * Add to Search ... Methods: Pure tone threshold data of 23 Wolfram syndrome patients were used for cross-sectional analysis in subgroups (age less ...
Alexia Syndrome Without Agraphia Alexia Without Agraphia Pure Alexia Pure Alexia Without Agraphia Pure Word Blindness Visual ... Alexia, Pure Preferred Term Term UI T358093. Date10/12/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2000). ... Pure Alexia Without Agraphia Term UI T371927. Date10/12/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2000). ... Alexia, Pure Preferred Concept UI. M0328093. Scope Note. Loss of the power to comprehend written materials despite preservation ...
Alexia Syndrome Without Agraphia Alexia Without Agraphia Pure Alexia Pure Alexia Without Agraphia Pure Word Blindness Visual ... Alexia, Pure Preferred Term Term UI T358093. Date10/12/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2000). ... Pure Alexia Without Agraphia Term UI T371927. Date10/12/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2000). ... Alexia, Pure Preferred Concept UI. M0328093. Scope Note. Loss of the power to comprehend written materials despite preservation ...
ALEXIA PURA ALEXIA, PURE ALEXIA PURA ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS AMAUROSE FUGAZ AMAUROSIS FUGAX AMAUROSIS FUGAX ...
ALEXIA PURA ALEXIA, PURE ALEXIA PURA ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS AMAUROSE FUGAZ AMAUROSIS FUGAX AMAUROSIS FUGAX ...
ALEXIA PURA ALEXIA, PURE ALEXIA PURA ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS AMAUROSE FUGAZ AMAUROSIS FUGAX AMAUROSIS FUGAX ...
ALEXIA PURA ALEXIA, PURE ALEXIA PURA ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS ALTEROMONAS AMAUROSE FUGAZ AMAUROSIS FUGAX AMAUROSIS FUGAX ...
Damasio AR, Damasio H. The anatomic basis of pure alexia. Neurology. 1983 Dec. 33(12):1573-83. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Pure alexia and optic aphasia are often discussed with the classical aphasias. ... Encompassed under the term aphasia are selective, acquired disorders of reading (alexia) or writing (agraphia). Closely related ...
... letter-by-letter reading is discernable from conventional ventral type letter-by-letter reading that is observed in pure alexia ... reading and writing tests revealed that alexia with agraphia was characterized by kana-predominant alexia and kanji-predominant ... We report a patient with alexia with agraphia accompanied by letter-by-letter reading after hemorrhage in the left middle and ... Dorsal type letter-by-letter reading accompanying alexia with agraphia due to a lesion of the lateral occipital gyri. ...
Alexia, Pure F3.87.700.500 F3.615.700.500 Alicyclobacillus B3.353.500.50 Alien Hand Syndrome C23.888.592.604.80.500 F1.700. ...
Patients make errors in reading (alexia). Writing is fluent but has many errors and tends to lack substantive words (fluent ... However, Wernicke aphasia is a pure language disturbance without other features of delirium (eg, fluctuating level of ... alexia (loss of the ability to read words) is also present. ...
Alexia, Pure Alfalfa mosaic virus Alfamovirus Alfaxalone Alfadolone Mixture Alfentanil Algal Proteins Algeria Algestone ... Pure-Tone Audiometry, Speech Audiovisual Aids Auditory Brain Stem Implantation Auditory Brain Stem Implants Auditory Cortex ...
Pure and mixed clear cell carcinoma of the endometrium: A molecular and immunohistochemical analysis study. Cancer medicine ... Alexia Iasonos, Debyani Chakravarty, Nadeem R Abu-Rustum, Arnaud Da Cruz Paula, Kimberly Dessources, Lora H Ellenson, Ying L ...
A simple procedure for the isolation of pure nuclei from carrot embryos in synchronized cultures. Plant Cell Rep 10(6-7):329- ... Alexias Safi. Department of Pediatrics, Duke Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University, Durham, North ...
  • Encompassed under the term aphasia are selective, acquired disorders of reading (alexia) or writing (agraphia). (medscape.com)
  • Acquired agraphia without alexia is extremely rare, whereas acquired alexia without agraphia is relatively standard. (mkexpress.net)
  • Pure agraphia is writing impairment in the absence of any other language disorder. (mkexpress.net)
  • Alexic agraphia (also called alexia with agraphia, central alexia, or angular gyrus syndrome) is an aphasia characterized by loss of the ability to read and write. (mkexpress.net)
  • Phonological agraphia is an impairment in written language processing that usually occurs in combination with phonological alexia and is characterized by difficulty spelling and reading nonwords. (mkexpress.net)
  • It almost always occurs in conjunction with alexia, the inability to read, dyslexia, an impairment in reading ability. (mkexpress.net)
  • Often, alexia (loss of the ability to read words) is also present. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The misunderstandings that follow are pure Rohmer in revealing the humor of human folly and foibles. (gablescinema.com)
  • Dejerine was one of the pioneers in the study of localisation of function in the brain , having first shown that pure alexia may occur as the result of lesions of the supramarginal and angular gyri. (wikipedia.org)
  • It seems to make him closer to a hybrid rather than pure Lycan. (fcpod.net)
  • Patients make errors in reading (alexia). (msdmanuals.com)
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  • Pure tone threshold data of 23 Wolfram syndrome patients were used for cross-sectional analysis in subgroups (age less than 16 years or between 19 and 25 years, gender, and origin). (nih.gov)
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