Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
Aldehyde Reductase
Acetaldehyde
Disulfiram
A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Retinal Dehydrogenase
Alcohols
Alcohol Oxidoreductases
A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).
Stereoisomerism
Cyanamide
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Catalysis
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Molecular Structure
NAD
A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Substrate Specificity
Alkenes
Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome
NADP
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Aldehyde-Lyases
Chemistry, Organic
Liver
Hydrogenation
Isoenzymes
Phosphoramide Mustards
Organic Chemistry Phenomena
Fatty Alcohols
Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Coenzymes
Lipid Peroxidation
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Molybdenum
Cyclization
Tungsten
Tungsten. A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.
Amino Acid Sequence
Alkanes
Flushing
Silanes
Ethanol
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
Plasmalogens
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Xanthine Oxidase
Hydrazones
Xanthine Dehydrogenase
Alkynes
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Vibrio
Carboxylic Acids
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Amines
Organic Chemistry Processes
Boranes
Volatilization
Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Lewis Acids
Amination
Lignin
The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Pyruvaldehyde
Benzyl Alcohols
Mitochondria, Liver
Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)
Mass Spectrometry
Waxes
A plastic substance deposited by insects or obtained from plants. Waxes are esters of various fatty acids with higher, usually monohydric alcohols. The wax of pharmacy is principally yellow wax (beeswax), the material of which honeycomb is made. It consists chiefly of cerotic acid and myricin and is used in making ointments, cerates, etc. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Glutaral
Formaldehyde
A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717)
Schiff Bases
Retinaldehyde
A carotenoid constituent of visual pigments. It is the oxidized form of retinol which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is bound to the protein opsin forming the complex rhodopsin. When stimulated by visible light, the retinal component of the rhodopsin complex undergoes isomerization at the 11-position of the double bond to the cis-form; this is reversed in "dark" reactions to return to the native trans-configuration.
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Single atom modification (O-->S) of tRNA confers ribosome binding. (1/2673)
Escherichia coli tRNALysSUU, as well as human tRNALys3SUU, has 2-thiouridine derivatives at wobble position 34 (s2U*34). Unlike the native tRNALysSUU, the full-length, unmodified transcript of human tRNALys3UUU and the unmodified tRNALys3UUU anticodon stem/loop (ASLLys3UUU) did not bind AAA- or AAG-programmed ribosomes. In contrast, the completely unmodified yeast tRNAPhe anticodon stem/loop (ASLPheGAA) had an affinity (Kd = 136+/-49 nM) similar to that of native yeast tRNAPheGmAA (Kd = 103+/-19 nM). We have found that the single, site-specific substitution of s2U34 for U34 to produce the modified ASLLysSUU was sufficient to restore ribosomal binding. The modified ASLLysSUU bound the ribosome with an affinity (Kd = 176+/-62 nM) comparable to that of native tRNALysSUU (Kd = 70+/-7 nM). Furthermore, in binding to the ribosome, the modified ASLLys3SUU produced the same 16S P-site tRNA footprint as did native E. coli tRNALysSUU, yeast tRNAPheGmAA, and the unmodified ASLPheGAA. The unmodified ASLLys3UUU had no footprint at all. Investigations of thermal stability and structure monitored by UV spectroscopy and NMR showed that the dynamic conformation of the loop of modified ASLLys3SUU was different from that of the unmodified ASLLysUUU, whereas the stems were isomorphous. Based on these and other data, we conclude that s2U34 in tRNALysSUU and in other s2U34-containing tRNAs is critical for generating an anticodon conformation that leads to effective codon interaction in all organisms. This is the first example of a single atom substitution (U34-->s2U34) that confers the property of ribosomal binding on an otherwise inactive tRNA. (+info)Decolorization and detoxification of extraction-stage effluent from chlorine bleaching of kraft pulp by Rhizopus oryzae. (2/2673)
Rhizopus oryzae, a zygomycete, was found to decolorize, dechlorinate, and detoxify bleach plant effluent at lower cosubstrate concentrations than the basidiomycetes previously investigated. With glucose at 1 g/liter, this fungus removed 92 to 95% of the color, 50% of the chemical oxygen demand, 72% of the adsorbable organic halide, and 37% of the extractable organic halide in 24 h at temperatures of 25 to 45 degrees C and a pH of 3 to 5. Even without added cosubstrate the fungus removed up to 78% of the color. Monomeric chlorinated aromatic compounds were removed almost completely, and toxicity to zebra fish was eliminated. The fungal mycelium could be immobilized in polyurethane foam and used repeatedly to treat batches of effluent. The residue after treatment was not further improved by exposure to fresh R. oryzae mycelium. (+info)Identification and characterization of alkenyl hydrolase (lysoplasmalogenase) in microsomes and identification of a plasmalogen-active phospholipase A2 in cytosol of small intestinal epithelium. (3/2673)
A lysoplasmalogenase (EC 3.3.2.2; EC 3.3.2.5) that liberates free aldehyde from 1-alk-1'-enyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine or -choline (lysoplasmalogen) was identified and characterized in rat gastrointestinal tract epithelial cells. Glycerophosphoethanolamine was produced in the reaction in equimolar amounts with the free aldehyde. The microsomal membrane associated enzyme was present throughout the length of the small intestines, with the highest activity in the jejunum and proximal ileum. The rate of alkenyl ether bond hydrolysis was dependent on the concentrations of microsomal protein and substrate, and was linear with respect to time. The enzyme hydrolyzed both ethanolamine- and choline-lysoplasmalogens with similar affinities; the Km values were 40 and 66 microM, respectively. The enzyme had no activity with 1-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine or -choline (intact plasmalogen), thus indicating enzyme specificity for a free hydroxyl group at the sn-2 position. The specific activities were 70 nmol/min/mg protein and 57 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively, for ethanolamine- and choline-lysoplasmalogen. The pH optimum was between 6.8 and 7.4. The enzyme required no known cofactors and was not affected by low mM levels of Ca2+, Mg2+, EDTA, or EGTA. The detergents, Triton X-100, deoxycholate, and octyl glucoside inhibited the enzyme. The chemical and physical properties of the lysoplasmalogenase were very similar to those of the enzyme in liver and brain microsomes. In developmental studies the specific activities of the small intestinal and liver enzymes increased markedly, 11.1- and 3.4-fold, respectively, in the first approximately 40 days of postnatal life. A plasmalogen-active phospholipase A2 activity was identified in the cytosol of the small intestines (3.3 nmol/min/mg protein) and liver (0.3 nmol/min/mg protein) using a novel coupled enzyme assay with microsomal lysoplasmalogenase as the coupling enzyme. (+info)Formation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified proteins in ischemic rat heart. (4/2673)
4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is a major lipid peroxidation product formed during oxidative stress. Because of its reactivity with nucleophilic compounds, particularly metabolites and proteins containing thiol groups, HNE is cytotoxic. The aim of this study was to assess the extent and time course for the formation of HNE-modified proteins during ischemia and ischemia plus reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. With an antibody to HNE-Cys/His/Lys and densitometry of Western blots, we quantified the amount of HNE-protein adduct in the heart. By taking biopsies from single hearts (n = 5) at various times (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 35, and 40 min) after onset of zero-flow global ischemia, we showed a progressive, time-dependent increase (which peaked after 30 min) in HNE-mediated modification of a discrete number of proteins. In studies with individual hearts (n = 4/group), control aerobic perfusion (70 min) resulted in a very low level (296 arbitrary units) of HNE-protein adduct formation; by contrast, after 30-min ischemia HNE-adduct content increased by >50-fold (15,356 units, P < 0.05). In other studies (n = 4/group), administration of N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine (MPG, 1 mM) to the heart for 5 min immediately before 30-min ischemia reduced HNE-protein adduct formation during ischemia by approximately 75%. In studies (n = 4/group) that included reperfusion of hearts after 5, 10, 15, or 30 min of ischemia, there was no further increase in the extent of HNE-protein adduct formation over that seen with ischemia alone. Similarly, in experiments with MPG, reperfusion did not significantly influence the tissue content of HNE-protein adduct. Western immunoblot results were confirmed in studies using in situ immunofluorescent localization of HNE-protein in cryosections. In conclusion, ischemia causes a major increase in HNE-protein adduct that would be expected to reflect a toxic sequence of events that might act to compromise tissue survival during ischemia and recovery on reperfusion. (+info)Conversion of (+/-)-synephrine into p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde by Arthrobacter synephrinum. A novel enzymic reaction. (5/2673)
A partically purified enzyme from Arthrobacter synephrinum was found to catalyse the conversion of (+/-)-synphrine into p-hydroxyphrenylacetaldehyde and methylamine. The enzyme is highly specific for synephrine and is distinctly different from monoamine oxidase. (+info)Hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress in pancreatic beta-cells of GK rats, a model of type 2 diabetes. (6/2673)
Reactive oxygen species are involved in a diversity of biological phenomena such as inflammation, carcinogenesis, aging, and atherosclerosis. We and other investigators have shown that the level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker for oxidative stress, is increased in either the urine or the mononuclear cells of the blood of type 2 diabetic patients. However, the association between type 2 diabetes and oxidative stress in the pancreatic beta-cells has not been previously described. We measured the levels of 8-OHdG and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified proteins in the pancreatic beta-cells of GK rats, a model of nonobese type 2 diabetes. Quantitative immunohistochemical analyses with specific antibodies revealed higher levels of 8-OHdG and HNE-modified proteins in the pancreatic beta-cells of GK rats than in the control Wistar rats, with the levels increasing proportionally with age and fibrosis of the pancreatic islets. We further investigated whether the levels of 8-OHdG and HNE-modified proteins would be modified in the pancreatic beta-cells of GK rats fed with 30% sucrose solution or 50 ppm of voglibose (alpha-glucosidase inhibitor). In the GK rats, the levels of 8-OHdG and HNE-modified proteins, as well as islet fibrosis, were increased by sucrose treatment but reduced by voglibose treatment. These results indicate that the pancreatic beta-cells of GK rats are oxidatively stressed, and that chronic hyperglycemia might be responsible for the oxidative stress observed in the pancreatic beta-cells. (+info)Formation of lipoxygenase-pathway-derived aldehydes in barley leaves upon methyl jasmonate treatment. (7/2673)
In barley leaves, the application of jasmonates leads to dramatic alterations of gene expression. Among the up-regulated gene products lipoxygenases occur abundantly. Here, at least four of them were identified as 13-lipoxygenases exhibiting acidic pH optima between pH 5.0 and 6.5. (13S,9Z,11E,15Z)-13-hydroxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid was found to be the main endogenous lipoxygenase-derived polyenoic fatty acid derivative indicating 13-lipoxygenase activity in vivo. Moreover, upon methyl jasmonate treatment > 78% of the fatty acid hydroperoxides are metabolized by hydroperoxide lyase activity resulting in the endogenous occurrence of volatile aldehydes. (2E)-4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal, hexanal and (3Z)- plus (2E)-hexenal were identified as 2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazones using HPLC and identification was confirmed by GC/MS analysis. This is the first proof that (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal is formed in plants under physiological conditions. Quantification of (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, hexanal and hexenals upon methyl jasmonate treatment of barley leaf segments revealed that hexenals were the major aldehydes peaking at 24 h after methyl jasmonate treatment. Their endogenous content increased from 1.6 nmol.g-1 fresh weight to 45 nmol.g-1 fresh weight in methyl-jasmonate-treated leaf segments, whereas (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, peaking at 48 h of methyl jasmonate treatment increased from 9 to 15 nmol.g-1 fresh weight. Similar to the hexenals, hexanal reached its maximal amount 24 h after methyl jasmonate treatment, but increased from 0.6 to 3.0 nmol.g-1 fresh weight. In addition to the classical leaf aldehydes, (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal was detected, thereby raising the question of whether it functions in the degradation of chloroplast membrane constituents, which takes place after methyl jasmonate treatment. (+info)Disinfection of upper gastrointestinal fibreoptic endoscopy equipment: an evaluation of a cetrimide chlorhexidine solution and glutaraldehyde. (8/2673)
There is little information available on the bacteriological contamination of upper gastrointestinal fibreoptic endoscopes during routine use and the effects of 'disinfecting solutions'. A bacteriological evaluation was therefore made of cleaning an endoscope and its ancillary equipment with (1) water, (2) an aqueous solution of 1% cetrimide with 0.1% chlorhexidine, and (3) activated aqueous 2% glutaraldehyde. All equipment, but particularly the endoscope itself, was found to be heavily contaminated after use with a wide variety of organisms of which 53% were Gram positive. Cleaning the endoscope and ancillary equipment with water and the cetrimide/chlorhexidine solution alone or in combination was inadequate to produce disinfection but immersion in glutaraldehyde for two minutes consistently produced sterile cultures with our sampling technique. A rapid and simple method for disinfection of endoscopic equipment is therefore recommended and we think this is especially suitable for busy endoscopy units. (+info)
Lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes and oxidative stress in the failing heart: Role of aldose reductase
Physiologically based in silico modelling to examine DNA adduct formation by different food-borne a,ß-unsaturated aldehydes at...
Histidine 50 is a crucial residue for alpha-synuclein aggregation induced by lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes
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DIGITAL.CSIC: Chemical changes in volatile aldehydes and ketones from subcutaneous fat during ripening of Iberian dry-cured ham...
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Kinetic and structural evidence of the alkenal/one reductase specificity of human ζ-crystallin. - The Arthritis Research UK...
It is likely that the majority of proteins will undergo post-translational - Small Molecule Inhibitors of Protein Arginine...
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Aldehyde
... the aldehyde may be named by replacing the suffix -ic acid or -oic acid in this trivial name by -aldehyde. The word aldehyde ... Some aldehydes are substrates for aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes which metabolize aldehydes in the body. There are toxicities ... The aldehyde group is somewhat polar. The C=O bond length is about 120-122 picometers. Aldehydes have properties that are ... Aldehydes are common and play important roles in the technology and biological spheres. Aldehydes feature a carbon center that ...
Phenolic aldehyde
Phenolic aldehydes are derivatives of phenol. Phenolic aldehydes can be found in wines and cognacs. Examples : ... doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_463 Determination of Phenolic Aldehydes in Cognacs and Wines by Capillary Electrophoresis: New Cognac ... Hydroxybenzaldehydes Protocatechuic aldehyde Vanillin and isovanillin 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde can be isolated from ... 1014914701477 Health-Beneficial Phenolic Aldehyde in Antigonon leptopus Tea. Vanisree Mulabagal, Ruby L. Alexander-Lindo, David ...
Protocatechuic aldehyde
... is a phenolic aldehyde, a compound released from cork stoppers into wine. This molecule can be used as ... Protocatechuic aldehyde regulates G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER-1) and exhibits protective effects in endothelial ... Rao SR, Ravishankar GA (January 2000). "Biotransformation of protocatechuic aldehyde and caffeic acid to vanillin and capsaicin ... "G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 is involved in the protective effect of protocatechuic aldehyde against endothelial ...
Coniferyl aldehyde
... coniferyl aldehyde is a precursor to sinapaldehyde via hydroxylation mediated by coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylase. Coniferyl ... Coniferyl aldehyde is an organic compound with the formula HO(CH3O)C6H3CH=CHCHO. It is a derivative of cinnamaldehyde, ... "Coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylation and methylation direct syringyl lignin biosynthesis in angiosperms". Proceedings of the ... Conjugated aldehydes, Vinylogous carboxylic acids, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ...
Zincke aldehyde
Zincke aldehydes, or 5-aminopenta-2,4-dienals, are the product of the reaction of a pyridinium salt with two equivalents of any ... Tryptamine-derived Zincke aldehydes are heated with strong base to give the rearranged enal as shown below. This reaction was ... One drawback of the Zincke Aldehyde synthesis is the need for 2 equivalents of the amine in the initial pyridine ring opening ... Also in 2009, the first reports of Zincke aldehydes undergoing a Pictet-Spengler reaction appeared from the group of Christian ...
Fatty aldehyde
Fatty aldehydes are aliphatic, long-chain aldehydes which may be mono- or polyunsaturated. The fatty aldehydes include ... Fat aldehydes were also detected in the heart muscle of mammals. Fatty aldehydes can be prepared by dehydrogenation of fatty ... Many fatty aldehydes find use as a fragrance in perfume production. An example is 2-methylundecanal which is the typical odor ... Fatty aldehydes are a natural component of many natural ingredients such as the essential oils of various citrus fruits. ...
Myristyl aldehyde
... , also known as tetradecanal, is a reduced form of myristic acid. It is naturally produced by bioluminescent ...
Cyclamen aldehyde
... is a fragrance molecule which has been used in soaps, detergents, lotions, and perfumes since the 1920s. It ... Cyclamen aldehyde is not naturally occurring and is prepared by the crossed-aldol condensation of cuminaldehyde and ... The Council of Europe (1970) included cyclamen aldehyde in the list of admissible artificial flavoring substances, at a level ...
Aldehyde tag
Limitations of aldehydes and ketones as chemical reporters are due to: competition with endogenous aldehydes or ketones in ... This compound is very reactive and easily hydrolyzed, releasing the aldehyde and a molecule of H2S, The aldehyde tag is a ... demonstrate the application of the aldehyde tag as a chemical conjugation site for glycans. The aldehyde tag sequence was ... including modern methods like stop codon suppression and the herein discussed aldehyde tag. Limiting the use of aldehydes and ...
Caffeic aldehyde
... is a phenolic aldehyde contained in the seeds of Phytolacca americana (American pokeweed). Caffeic acid ... Conjugated aldehydes, Catechols, Vinylogous carboxylic acids, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ... Caffeyl alcohol Woo, Won-Sick; Kang, Sam-Sik (1979). "A New Phenolic Aldehyde from the Seeds of Phytolacca americana". Korean ...
Abscisic aldehyde
... is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone abscisic acid. It is produced by the ... Ram K. Sindhu, David H. Griffin and Daniel C. Walton (1990). "Abscisic Aldehyde Is an Intermediate in the Enzymatic Conversion ... "Abscisic aldehyde oxidase in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana". The Plant Journal. 23 (4): 481-488. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x. ... "The Short-Chain Alcohol Dehydrogenase ABA2 Catalyzes the Conversion of Xanthoxin to Abscisic Aldehyde". The Plant Cell Online. ...
Aldehyde dehydrogenase
... s (EC 1.2.1.3) are a group of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of aldehydes. They convert aldehydes (R ... Aldehyde dehydrogenase is a polymorphic enzyme responsible for the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids, which leave the ... The active site of a human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2. Cys302 and Glu268 interact with the aldehyde substrate. The ... Marchitti SA, Brocker C, Stagos D, Vasiliou V (June 2008). "Non-P450 aldehyde oxidizing enzymes: the aldehyde dehydrogenase ...
Aldehyde oxidase
AO catalyzes the conversion of an aldehyde in the presence of oxygen and water to an acid and hydrogen peroxide. an aldehyde + ... Aldehyde oxidase is very concentrated in the liver, where it oxidizes multiple aldehydes and nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds ... Aldehyde oxidase is a member of the molybdenum flavoprotein family and has a very complex evolutionary profile-as the genes of ... Aldehyde oxidase is thought to have a significant impact on pharmacokinetics. AO is capable of oxidizing many drugs in the ...
Polyunsaturated aldehyde
T. rotula has been known to produce many types of polyunsaturated aldehydes, including (2E,4E/Z)-hepta-2,4-dienal, (2E,4E/Z,7Z ... Polyunsaturated aldehydes are oxylipins that are formed from lipids (specifically the fatty acid portion of lipids) when ... Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are a group of allelopathic chemicals typically associated with diatom-copepod predator-prey ... These particular aldehydes are also produced by Stephanopyxis turris and Skeletonema costatum in response to wounding. ...
Asymmetric addition of alkenylmetals to aldehydes
... has been widely used in total synthesis of natural product. For example, the ... Asymmetric addition of alkenylmetals to aldehydes is a chemical reaction in enantioselective synthesis that reacts an ... After transmetalation with diethylzinc, the generated alkenylzinc reagent (C) further reacted with the aldehyde (D) through ... alkenylmetal with an aldehyde to give an allyl alcohol (Figure "Asymmetric addition of alkenylmetals to aldehydes"). The ...
Betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction betaine aldehyde ... Other names in common use include betaine aldehyde oxidase, BADH, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, and BetB. This enzyme ... ROTHSCHILD HA, BARRON ES (1954). "The oxidation of betaine aldehyde by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase". J. Biol. Chem. 209 (2 ... This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ ...
Stephen aldehyde synthesis
... , a named reaction in chemistry, was invented by Henry Stephen (OBE/MBE). This reaction involves the ... 1925). "A new synthesis of aldehydes". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 127: 1874-1877. doi:10.1039/CT9252701874. Wang, Zerong (2009). ... from which an aldehyde (7) is formed. Substitutes that increase the electron density promote the formation of the aldimine-tin ... "Über eine neue Methode zur Umwandlung von Carbonsäuren in Aldehyde" [About a new method for converting carboxylic acids into ...
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase, NAD-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase, propionaldehyde dehydrogenase, and aldehyde ... In enzymology, an aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (EC 1.2.1.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction an aldehyde + ... Other names in common use include CoA-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase, m-methylbenzaldehyde dehydrogenase, NAD-aldehyde ... This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ ...
Glycine betaine aldehyde
Betaine aldehyde is a substrate for choline dehydrogenase (mitochondrial). Glycine betaine aldehyde is a short chain aldehyde ... Glycine betaine aldehyde, often simply called betaine aldehyde, is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and ... The human aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) stimulates the transformation of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine. ... Glycine betaine aldehyde is a component of glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. It also serves as an osmolyte. It can be ...
Aldehyde deformylating oxygenase
n-aldehyde + O2 + 2 NADPH + H+ → (n-1)-alkane + formate + H2O + 2 NADP+ Aldehyde deformylating oxygenases are found in ... Compared to other aldehyde decarbonylases, such as insect or plant aldehyde decarbonylase, cyanobacterial ADO is unusual in ... Short-chain aldehydes are also observed to be substrate inhibitors. Buer BC, Paul B, Das D, Stuckey JA, Marsh EN (November 2014 ... Aldehyde deformylating oxygenases (ADO) (EC 4.1.99.5) are a family of enzymes which catalyze the oxygenation of medium and long ...
Coniferyl-aldehyde dehydrogenase
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is coniferyl aldehyde:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase. Achterholt S, Priefert H, Steinbuchel A ... In enzymology, a coniferyl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.68) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction coniferyl ... 2 H+ The 4 substrates of this enzyme are coniferyl aldehyde, H2O, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are ferulate, NADH, ...
Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde
... which is in equilibrium with the Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde (6). The Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde reverts to strychnine in a single ... that should correctly be called Wieland-Kaziro aldehyde, but became known and accepted as Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde...") F. A. L ... The Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde has been used in the industrial synthesis of alcuronium chloride (Alloferin) via dimerization. ... The so-called Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde (6) is an indoline derived by chemical degradation from strychnine. This compound is of ...
Grundmann aldehyde synthesis
The Grundmann aldehyde synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces an aldehyde from an acyl halide. Because of the Rosenmund ...
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)
In enzymology, an aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.2.1.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction an aldehyde + ... Other names in common use include NADP+-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, NADP+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase, and aldehyde ... This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ ... Adachi O, Matsushita K, Shinagawa E, Ameyama M (1980). "Crystallization and properties of NADP-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase ...
Aryl-aldehyde oxidase
In enzymology, an aryl-aldehyde oxidase (EC 1.2.3.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction an aromatic aldehyde + ... This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is aryl-aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase. Crawford DL, Sutherland JB, Pometto AL, Miller ... H2O2 The 3 substrates of this enzyme are aromatic aldehyde, O2, and H2O, whereas its two products are aromatic carboxylic acid ...
Abscisic-aldehyde oxidase
In enzymology, an abscisic-aldehyde oxidase (EC 1.2.3.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction abscisic aldehyde ... Seo M, Koiwai H, Akaba S, Komano T, Oritani T, Kamiya Y, Koshiba T (2000). "Abscisic aldehyde oxidase in leaves of Arabidopsis ... This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with ... Sagi M, Fluhr R, Lips SH (1999). "Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase in a flacca tomato mutant with deficient abscisic ...
Reactive aldehyde species
... (RASP), also known as reactive aldehydes, refer to a class of electrophilic organic aldehyde ... RASP are metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenases or aldehyde reductases. Due to the toxicity of RASP, only a small number of ... Wood, Paul L.; Khan, M. Amin; Moskal, Joseph R. (2007-05-11). "The concept of "aldehyde load" in neurodegenerative mechanisms: ... Fritz, Kristofer S.; Petersen, Dennis R. (2013-06-01). "An overview of the chemistry and biology of reactive aldehydes". Free ...
Aldehyde oxidase 1
... is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AOX1 gene. Aldehyde oxidase produces hydrogen peroxide and, ... "Entrez Gene: aldehyde oxidase 1". Berger R, Mezey E, Clancy KP, Harta G, Wright RM, Repine JE, Brown RH, Brownstein M, ... 2007). "Human aldehyde oxidase 1 interacts with ATP-binding cassette transporter-1 and modulates its activity in hepatocytes". ... Aldehyde oxidase is a candidate gene for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. MOCOS GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000138356 - ...
Bouveault aldehyde synthesis
The Bouveault aldehyde synthesis (also known as the Bouveault reaction) is a one-pot substitution reaction that replaces an ... The Bouveault aldehyde synthesis is an example of a formylation reaction, and is named for French scientist Louis Bouveault. ... The first step of the Bouveault aldehyde synthesis is the formation of the Grignard reagent. Upon addition of a N,N- ... Bodroux-Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis Bouveault-Blanc reduction Duff reaction Louis Bouveault (1904). "Modes de formation et ...
Aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase
In enzymology, an aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.7.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction an aldehyde ... Its primary role is to oxidize aldehyde coming derived from the metabolism of amino acids and glucoses. Aldehyde Ferredoxin ... AOR has been proposed to be the primary enzyme responsible for oxidising the aldehydes that are produced by the 2-keto acid ... In the catalytic cycle, W(VI) (tungsten "six") converts to W(IV) concomitant with oxidation of the aldehyde to a carboxylic ...
Carcinogenicity of Acetaldehyde & Malonaldehyde & Mutagenicity of Related Low-Molecular-Weight Aldehydes | NIOSH | CDC
Ingestion: If an aldehyde or a solution containing an aldehyde is ingested, give the victim several glum of water to drink, dim ... Mutagenicity and Toxicity of Nine Low-Molecular-Weight Aldehydes. Aldehyde. Health effects. Organism. Exposure route. ... Eye exposure: If an aldehyde or a solution containing an aldehyde gets into the eyes, immediately flush them with large amounts ... Although formaldehyde is also a low-molecular-weight aldehyde similar to the aldehydes discussed in this CIB, it was not ...
γ-Campholene aldehyde
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
DODECANAL ( ALDEHYDE C12)
JECFA Evaluations-LAURIC ALDEHYDE
Rhodium/phosphoramidite-catalyzed asymmetric arylation of aldehydes with arylboronic acids - Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry ...
Phosphoramidites are effective chiral ligands in the rhodium catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to aldehydes providing up ... aldehydes. with arylboronic acids R. B. C. Jagt, P. Y. Toullec, J. G. de Vries, B. L. Feringa and A. J. Minnaard, Org. Biomol. ... Rhodium/phosphoramidite-catalyzed asymmetric arylation of aldehydes with arylboronic acids† Richard B. C. Jagt,a Patrick Y. ... aldehydes. providing up to 75% enantioselectivity and up to 96% isolated yield. ...
JCI -
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 defines and protects a nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron subpopulation
Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition as a pathogenic mechanism in Parkinson disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(2):636-641 ... Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 defines and protects a nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron subpopulation. Guoxiang Liu,1 Jia Yu,1 Jinhui ... Functional significance of aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH1A1 to the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Brain Res. 2011;1408:81-87. ... In rodent SNpc, DA neurons can be divided into two subpopulations based on the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1 ...
Method and apparatus for the preparation of aldehydes - Patent US-6482991-B2 - PubChem
Aldehyde leather - CAMEO
Aldehyde Resin Ingredient & Chemical Distributor | Redox
GC/MS Analysis of Long-Chain Aldehydes from Recent Coral
To date, aldehydes have not been used as environmental proxies. In this study, long-chain aldehydes detected from coral ... After assessing the difference in the retention time between the aldehydes and fatty acids methyl ester, the aldehydes were ... A molecular ion (M+) with greater than 23 carbon atoms was detected from long-chain aldehydes. The base peak was observed at m/ ... Hence, the peak corresponding to the aldehyde in the GC chromatogram is buried with that corresponding to the ester, possibly ...
Sheep liver cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase: the structure reveals the basis for the retinal specificity of class 1 aldehyde...
Sheep liver cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase: the structure reveals the basis for the retinal specificity of class 1 aldehyde ... Background: . Enzymes of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family are required for the clearance of potentially toxic aldehydes, and ... The cytosolic, or class 1, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1) of higher vertebrates has an enhanced specificity for all-trans ...
RCSB PDB - 1RHM: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF CASPASE-3 WITH A NICOTINIC ACID ALDEHYDE INHIBITOR
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF CASPASE-3 WITH A NICOTINIC ACID ALDEHYDE INHIBITOR ... CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF CASPASE-3 WITH A NICOTINIC ACID ALDEHYDE INHIBITOR. *PDB DOI: 10.2210/pdb1RHM/pdb ... In addition, we have found that two nicotinic acid aldehydes induce a significant conformational change in the S2 and S3 ...
Blogdorf Goodman: 40 Days and 40 Nights of Fragrance Notes: Aldehydes
I like aldehydes...just not in an overly floral fragrance. The few aldehyde florals that I like are No. 22, No 5 sensual elixir ... Aldehydes are common in organic chemistry. Many fragrances are aldehydes.". Science and math are not my strong subjects. My ... Today we are going to discuss Aldehydes.. Here is the definition straight from wikipedia:. "Aldehyde is an organic compound ... Chanel No.22 is considered "the godfather" of all aldehyde fragrances. It is chock full of light and shimmer.. Great Aldehyde ...
WikiGenes - ALDH1B1 - aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member B1
Synonyms: ALDH5, ALDHX, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 5, Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial, Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 ... Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozymes in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica): tissue and subcellular ... Diverse polymorphism within a short coding region of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase-5 (ALDH5) gene. Sherman, D., Davé, V., ... Molecular genetics of human aldehyde dehydrogenase. Yoshida, A. Pharmacogenetics (1992) [Pubmed]. *Assignment of ALDH3 to human ...
radiello™ Cartridge Adsorbents for sampling Aldehydes, matrix SS net with 2,4-DNPH coated FLORISIL®, pk of 20 | Sigma-Aldrich
Ring-Chain Tautomerism of the Condensation Products of 2-Mercaptobenzohydrazide with Aliphatic and Aromatic Aldehydes:...
Growing bulk of the alkyl substituent at the C=N bond of the aliphatic aldehydes derivatives decreases the fraction of the ... In the series of the aromatic aldehydes 2-mercaptobenzoylhydrazones the linear tautomer prevails, and the logarithms of the ... It has been shown by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy that 2-mercaptobenzoyl-hydrazones of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes exist in ... Formic Aldehyde 2-Mercaptobenzoylhydrazone (2a). Yield 54%, m.p. 201˚ - 203° (acetonitrile) (m.p. [22] 203˚ - 206˚). 1Н-NMR ...
Mouse Aldehyde Oxidase 3 (AOX3) Protein (His tag), Recombinant | ABIN3131204
Recombinant Aldehyde Oxidase 3 (AOX3) Protein (His tag). Species: Mouse. Source: Insect Cells. Order product ABIN3131204. ... Aox3 (AOX3) (Aldehyde Oxidase 3 (AOX3)) Alternative Name Aox3 Synonyms Aoh1, Aoh2, AI326299, 1200011D03Rik, aldehyde oxidase 3 ... Aox3 (AOX3) (Aldehyde Oxidase 3 (AOX3)) Protein Type Recombinant Protein Characteristics AA 1-1335 Origin Mouse Source Insect ... Aox3 Protein (Aldehyde Oxidase 3) (AA 1-1335) (His tag). Crystallography grade AOX3 Origin: Mouse Host: Insect Cells ...
Chemotyp Aldehyde - Huiles & Sens
MG-132: peptide aldehyde - 26S proteasome inhibitor, suppressor of NF-κB activation
A One-Pot Parallel Reductive Amination of Aldehydes with Heteroaromatic Amines - Enamine
Customs Duty In India On , :HELIOTROPIN (PIPERONYL ALDEHYDE) | Duty Calculator Of 29124920,
Catalysis in flow: the practical and selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones | ThalesNano
Synthesis and characterisation of methine dyes derived from condensation of 4‐nitrophenylacetonitrile with aromatic aldehydes,...
It was found that in general, substituents on the aromatic aldehyde moiety had a significant effect on the visible absorption ... It was found that in general, substituents on the aromatic aldehyde moiety had a significant effect on the visible absorption ... It was found that in general, substituents on the aromatic aldehyde moiety had a significant effect on the visible absorption ... Synthesis and characterisation of methine dyes derived from condensation of 4‐nitrophenylacetonitrile with aromatic aldehydes. ...
Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition blocks mucosal fibrosis in human and mouse ocular scarring
-
UCL...
Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition blocks mucosal fibrosis in human and mouse ocular scarring. Journal of Clinical Investigation ... Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family 1 is upregulated in both ocular MMP (OMMP) conjunctiva and cultured fibroblasts. ... Human, mouse, fibrosis, mucosa, mucous membrane pemphigoid, aldehyde dehydrogenase, disulfiram. UCL classification:. UCL. UCL ... Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition blocks mucosal fibrosis in human and mouse ocular scarring ...
US Patent for Methods for reducing aldehyde emissions in polyurethane foams Patent (Patent # 11,453,742 issued September 27,...
... and certain aldehyde-suppressing additives. Foams so produced emit low levels of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde ... Results of the aldehyde measurements are indicated in Table 2.. TABLE 2 Comp. A* Ex. 1 Additives 0.5% IRGONOX 1135 0.5% IRGONOX ... Total Aldehydes, 294-3221 272 304 216 μg/m3 *Not an example of this invention. 1Range from duplicate experiments. ... The concentration of the aldehyde-DNPH derivative in the sample solution is calculated as follows:. Concentration. . . of. ...
A Proteomic Grade Non-Ionic Detergent with Ultra Low Aldehyde and Peroxide Concentrations | Brij 58 | G-Biosciences
Immunohistochemical expression of putative cancer stem cell markers aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, SOX2, CD44 and OCT4 in different...
Comparison of mean final score of expression of CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, OCT4 and SOX2 in different grades of oral ... Pattern of expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 11, CD44, SOX2 and OCT4 in varying grades of oral epithelial dysplasia. ... Percentage expression of CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, OCT4 and SOX2 in oral epithelial dysplasia and normal mucosa. The ... Identification of human aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 as a novel CD8þ T-cell-defined tumor antigen in squamous cell ...
Imine Reductase-Catalyzed Intermolecular Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones
... Scheller PN, Lenz M, Hammer S, Hauer B, ... P.N. Scheller, et al., "Imine Reductase-Catalyzed Intermolecular Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones", ChemCatChem, ... Imine Reductase-Catalyzed Intermolecular Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones. ChemCatChem, 7(20), p 3239-3242. ... Imine Reductase-Catalyzed Intermolecular Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones. ChemCatChem. 2015;7(20):3239-3242. ...
Investigations on the characteristics of BSA-lipid oxidation product interactions: role of three dien-aldehyde with different...
The characteristics of bovine serum albumin (BSA) incubated with three dien-aldehydes (trans, trans-2,4-heptadienal, t ... Protein modification by aldehydes has been generally associated with aging and onset of various chronic and cardiovascular ... Moreover, the three aldehydes used in this experiment caused BSAs to form yellowish-brown adducts and fluorescent lipofuscin. ... Protein modification by aldehydes has been generally associated with aging and onset of various chronic and cardiovascular ...
AlcoholsAromaticALDHReductive Amination of AldehydesEpoxides and PeroxidesSynthesisCarbonylMitochondrialDehydrogenasesAliphatic aldehydesDehydrogenase inhibitionALDH1AcroleinFormaldehydeReactiveEstersProteinCarbonReductaseCarcinogenicAdductsGeneAlcoholHindered amineReactionProteinsReductionCompoundsMetabolicChemistryLiverAminesEnantioselectivityOrganicDeficiencyDerivativesAldolAcetaldehydeNitroalkanesMolecular
Alcohols7
- Rejection of eight aldehydes, eight ketones, five secondary alcohols, and 3-pentanol has been studied in the blowfly Phormia regina Meigen. (rupress.org)
- The order of increasing effectiveness among the different species of compounds thus far investigated is the following: polyglycols, diols, secondary alcohols, iso -alcohols, normal alcohols, ketones, iso -aldehydes, normal aldehydes. (rupress.org)
- Curves relating the logarithms of threshold concentration to the logarithms of chain length for diols, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones show inflections in the 3 to 6 carbon range. (rupress.org)
- While we learned to synthesize alcohols by reacting Grignard reagents with aldehydes and ketones, organocuprates will not react with aldehydes and ketones. (katabox.com)
- However, estimated exposure to other oxygenated solvents such as aliphatic alcohols, ketones, esters and aldehydes, in our study population is unknown. (cdc.gov)
- It consists predominantly of C6 olefins and paraffins and C9 alcohols and aldehydes and boiling in the range of approximately 110°C to 202°C (230°F to 396°F). (europa.eu)
- The low-volatility organic compounds potentially arising from the ozonolysis of citral, including aldehydes (-C(=O)H), ketones (-C(=O)-), alcohols (-OH), and hydroperoxides (-OOH), can form SOA through the nucleation, condensation, and/or partitioning of the condensed and gaseous phases. (aaqr.org)
Aromatic9
- It has been shown by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy that 2-mercaptobenzoyl-hydrazones of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes exist in solution as tautomeric mixtures of linear and cyclic benzo-1,3,4-thiadiazepine forms. (scirp.org)
- In the series of the aromatic aldehydes 2-mercaptobenzoylhydrazones the linear tautomer prevails, and the logarithms of the tautomeric equilibrium constants K T correlate with the σ-constants of the substituents in the aromatic nucleus. (scirp.org)
- Tautomerism of 2-mercaptobenzoylhydrazones of aromatic aldehydes 3a-3h. (scirp.org)
- Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide and phthalazine, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal and pyridoxal. (antibodies-online.com)
- It was found that in general, substituents on the aromatic aldehyde moiety had a significant effect on the visible absorption maxima of the dyes. (deepdyve.com)
- Polyurethane foams are made by curing a reaction mixture that contains an aromatic polyisocyanate, at least one isocyanate-reactive material having an average functionality of at least 2 and an equivalent weight of at least 200 per isocyanate-reactive group, at least one blowing agent, at least one surfactant, at least one catalyst, and certain aldehyde-suppressing additives. (justia.com)
- Laboratoire de Chimie Médicinale et des Produits Naturels, Université Libanaise, Campus Universitaire Rafic Hariri Hadath, Faculte des Sciences, 4eme étage, Beirut, Lebanon Herein we report the reduction of aromatic nitriles into aldehydes with calcium hypophosphite in the presence of base and nickel(II) complex in a water/ethanol mixture. (katabox.com)
- Firefighters' breathing zone concentrations (BZCs) of aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, isocyanates, and carbon monoxide were measured during the suppression of three vehicle fires. (cdc.gov)
- The team used different aromatic aldehydes and a range of substituted benzamides as substrates, ReBr(CO) 5 as the catalyst, Me 2 Zn and ZnBr 2 as additives, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) as the solvent. (chemistryviews.org)
ALDH4
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozymes in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica): tissue and subcellular distribution and biochemical genetics of ALDH3. (wikigenes.org)
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family 1 is upregulated in both ocular MMP (OMMP) conjunctiva and cultured fibroblasts. (ucl.ac.uk)
- Recent studies suggest that corneal cells express high levels of so-called corneal crystallins, such as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and transketolase (TKT) that contribute to maintaining cellular transparency. (northumbria.ac.uk)
- Via reselecting cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, a cytosolic detoxification enzyme highly expressed in progenitors [4], the authors now show that reselected UCB-HPCs may represent an improved therapeutic option. (stemcellsportal.com)
Reductive Amination of Aldehydes1
- This review deals with two of the most commonly used methods for the preparation of amines: the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones and the hydrogenation of nitriles. (katabox.com)
Epoxides and Peroxides2
- Allyl compounds, aldehydes, epoxides and peroxides / this publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans which met in Lyon, 19-26 June 1984. (who.int)
- An expert evaluation of all published data useful in determining the carcinogenic risk posed by 14 allyl compounds, aldehydes, epoxides and peroxides. (who.int)
Synthesis5
- HA-Aldehyde with lower or higher aldehyde substitution ratio (e.g. 1% and 10%) is available through custom synthesis service. (creativepegworks.com)
- Stereocontrolled synthesis of polyketide libraries: Boron-mediated aldol reactions with aldehydes on solid support / C.M.A. Gennari, S. Ceccarelli, U. Piarulli, K. Aboutayab, M. Donghi, I. Paterson. (unimi.it)
- 5 Moreover, the projected benzyl iodide synthesis from aryl aldehyde involves two steps, proceeds via the intermediacy of benzyl alcohol. (kpubs.org)
- Aldehydes are important intermediates in organic synthesis due to their reactivity. (katabox.com)
- Stephen aldehyde synthesis, a named reaction in chemistry, was invented by Henry Stephen (OBE/MBE).This reaction involves the preparation of aldehydes (R-CHO) from nitriles (R-CN) using tin(II) chloride (SnCl 2), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and quenching the resulting iminium salt ([R-CH=NH 2] + Cl −) with water (H 2 O). Watch the recordings here on Youtube! (katabox.com)
Carbonyl3
- Aldehydes differ from ketones in that the carbonyl is placed at the end of a carbon skeleton rather than between two carbon atoms. (blogspot.com)
- The results were as follows: loss of the amino group and increased carbonyl value were indicative of BSA side chain damage by these three unsaturated aldehydes. (authorea.com)
- In the presence of a strong base, the ester loses an α-hydrogen to give a negatively charged carbon that then adds to the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde. (britannica.com)
Mitochondrial1
- Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) serves as a key line of defense against most reactive aldehydes, including lipid aldehydes (e.g., 4-HNE) and chloroacetaldehyde (VC metabolite). (louisville.edu)
Dehydrogenases2
- Identification of human liver aldehyde dehydrogenases that catalyze the oxidation of aldophosphamide and retinaldehyde. (wikigenes.org)
- Aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHEs) are bifunctional enzymes that commonly produce ethanol from acetyl-CoA with acetaldehyde as intermediate, and play a key role in anaerobic redox balance in many fermenting bacteria. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Aliphatic aldehydes1
- Tautomerism of 2-mercaptobenzoylhydrazones of aliphatic aldehydes 2a-2h. (scirp.org)
Dehydrogenase inhibition1
- benznidazole increases toxicity of ethanol by aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition. (medscape.com)
ALDH13
- The cytosolic, or class 1, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1) of higher vertebrates has an enhanced specificity for all-trans retinal, oxidising it to the powerful differentiation factor all-trans retinoic acid. (nih.gov)
- The hypothesized existence of cancer stem cells (CSC) and its markers aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), CD44, SOX2 and OCT4 in oral dysplastic tissues provides the potential for a more reliable assessment of malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). (jomfp.in)
- This study also aimed to assess the expression of ALDH1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1) enzyme activity on the isolated cells. (bvsalud.org)
Acrolein1
- Acrolein is a reactive aldehyde. (who.int)
Formaldehyde3
- Thus NIOSH is also concerned about occupational exposure to these nine aldehydes because they (in addition to acetaldehyde and malonaldehyde) may be used as substitutes for formaldehyde, a regulated carcinogen [ Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.1048 ]. (cdc.gov)
- Leather tanned with the use of aldehydes, such as Formaldehyde . (mfa.org)
- These polyurethanes often emit varying levels of aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde. (justia.com)
Reactive1
- Lipid peroxidation varieties reactive aldehydes similar to malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4- HNE) as pure bi-products. (biorag.org)
Esters3
- The retention time of the long-chain aldehydes and fatty acid methyl esters slightly overlapped. (scirp.org)
- Despite their similarities with ketones and esters, aldehydes are not employed as effective proxy biomarkers. (scirp.org)
- A detailed mechanism illustrating the conversion of a nitrile to an aldehyde using diisobutyl aluminum hydride (DIBAL-H). Please enable JavaScript The reduction of acyl chlorides, esters, and nitriles. (katabox.com)
Protein8
- Protein modification by aldehydes has been generally associated with aging and onset of various chronic and cardiovascular diseases. (authorea.com)
- Changes in intrinsic fluorescence and surface hydrophobic value of BSAs indicated that aldehydes modified protein structures of BSAs. (authorea.com)
- Strong correlations were observed between formation of protein-bound carbonyls, the retention ratio of free amino content, maximum UV-Vis absorption value, and concentration of aldehydes. (authorea.com)
- AOX1 (Aldehyde oxidase 1) is a 1338 amino acid cytoplasmic protein that catalyzes the oxidation of a variety of aldehydes, leading to the production of hydrogen peroxide. (fishersci.no)
- This analytical method quantifies trace levels of 12 aldehydes from protein adducts in human serum. (cdc.gov)
- Because aldehydes have the tendency to react with biological molecules to form various products, including Schiff base protein adducts, free aldehydes released into the headspace of biological samples from the Schiff base protein adducts at low pH (~3) are analyzed. (cdc.gov)
- Our study demonstrates that the bioactive compound, Protocatechuic aldehyde , synergistically promotes the cytotoxicity of DTIC to melanoma cells through destabilization of MGMT protein . (bvsalud.org)
- The technology employs natural post translational modifications found in human cells to site specifically create one or more aldehyde tags on protein molecules. (catalent.com)
Carbon3
- A molecular ion (M + ) with greater than 23 carbon atoms was detected from long-chain aldehydes. (scirp.org)
- The M-18 ion, which was formed by the loss of H 2 O, as well as M-46 or M-84 ions, was characteristic ions observed for long-chain aldehydes of the number of all carbon. (scirp.org)
- Two different behaviors were found, while the presence in the microemulsion of short chains aldehydes implies a decrease in the percolation temperature, aldehydes with 4 or 5 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain increase the percolation threshold. (blogspot.com)
Reductase5
- Immunochemical characterizations of aldose reductase and aldehyde reductases I and II, partially purified by DEAE-cellulose (DE-52) column chromatography from human tissues, were carried out by immunotitration, using antisera raised against the homogenous preparations of human and bovine lens aldose reductase and human placenta aldehyde reductase I and aldehyde reductase II. (utmb.edu)
- Anti-aldose reductase antiserum cross-reacted with aldehyde reductase I, anti-aldehyde reductase I antiserum cross-reacted with aldose reductase and anti-aldehyde reductase II antiserum precipitated aldehyde reductase II, but did not cross-react with aldose reductase or aldehyde reductase I from all the tissues examined. (utmb.edu)
- Monospecific anti-α and anti-β antisera were purified from placenta anti-aldehyde reductase I antiserum, using immunoaffinity techniques. (utmb.edu)
- Anti-α antiserum precipitated both aldehyde reductase I and aldose reductase, whereas anti-β antibodies cross-reacted with only aldehyde reductase I. Based on these studies, a three gene loci model is proposed to explain the genetic interrelationships among these enzymes. (utmb.edu)
- Aldose reductase is a monomer of α subunits, aldehyde reductase I is a dimer of α and β subunits and aldehyde reductase II is a monomer of δ subunits. (utmb.edu)
Carcinogenic1
- The carcinogenic potential of the nine related low-molecular-weight aldehydes has not been adequately evaluated by appropriate experimentation. (cdc.gov)
Adducts3
- Moreover, the three aldehydes used in this experiment caused BSAs to form yellowish-brown adducts and fluorescent lipofuscin. (authorea.com)
- The heptadienal-BSA adducts exhibited increased ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorbance at 270-280 nm and 300-400 nm, similar to the two other aldehyde-BSA adducts. (authorea.com)
- The method reproducibly hydrolyzes aldehyde adducts covalently bound to proteins, using automation to individually incubate samples prior to analysis with hydrochloric acid (Yeo 2004). (cdc.gov)
Gene4
- Diverse polymorphism within a short coding region of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase-5 (ALDH5) gene. (wikigenes.org)
- Sjogren-Larsson syndrome is caused by mutations in the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase gene. (medscape.com)
- Rizzo WB, Carney G. Sjogren-Larsson syndrome: diversity of mutations and polymorphisms in the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ALDH3A2). (medscape.com)
- Mutations in the ALDH3A2 gene (17p11.2) are responsible for this autosomal recessive disorder resulting in a deficiency of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. (arizona.edu)
Alcohol2
- Deficient activity of the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase component of fatty alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase in cultured fibroblasts. (medscape.com)
- Genetic variations of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B are associated with the etiology of atrial fibrillation in Japanese. (cdc.gov)
Hindered amine1
- In the polyurethane field, there is, for example, WO 2006/111492, which describes adding antioxidants and hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) to polyols to reduce aldehydes. (justia.com)
Reaction3
- Reaction conditions have been optimized, and low temperature (-20 °C) was found to be a key for the successful α-aminoxylation of aldehydes, while slow addition of nitrosobenzene is essential for that of ketones. (elsevier.com)
- Benzamides, for example, are commonly used in C-H bond activation reactions, but only a few examples of this type of reaction between benzamides and aldehydes had been reported so far. (chemistryviews.org)
- This direct aza-Henry reaction presents as interesting features its validity for both nonenolizable and enolizable aldehyde-derived azomethines and the tolerance of nitroalkanes, other than nitromethane, for the production of β-nitroamines. (uzh.ch)
Proteins1
- Aldehydes react with the proteins in a hide to form insoluble, stable compounds that are resistant to putrefaction. (mfa.org)
Reduction2
- This combination provides some improvement, but a greater reduction of aldehyde emissions is wanted. (justia.com)
- Because the hydrolytic workup generates the aldehyde at the end, the nitrile does not undergo over-reduction. (katabox.com)
Compounds5
- The main objective of this study is to present the chromatograms and mass spectra of aldehydes so that geochemists could easily identify these compounds in sediment samples. (scirp.org)
- Aldehydes are rare compounds found in the surface environment, particularly in sediments. (scirp.org)
- Few studies have reported the presence of long-chain aldehydes compared to other compounds in sediment surface samples. (scirp.org)
- Compounds 2a-2h and 3a-3h were obtained in 55% - 90% yield after briefly maintaining equimolar quantities of 2-mercaptobenzoic acid hydrazide 1 and the appropriate aldehyde during 10 - 15 min in methanol solution at room temperature (Experimental part). (scirp.org)
- SAR = US$ 0.37), and their stores could be closed if they tumours, toxic aldehyde compounds that cause lung in- are cited for a third violation ( 15 ). (who.int)
Metabolic1
- Enzymes of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family are required for the clearance of potentially toxic aldehydes, and are essential for the production of key metabolic regulators. (nih.gov)
Chemistry2
- Aldehydes are common in organic chemistry. (blogspot.com)
- T hose who do not believe in the importance of skin chemistry, should read other reviews of Aldehyde 44 and then come and smell the scent on my skin. (blogspot.com)
Liver1
- The role of aldehyde dehygrogenase 2 in liver injury caused by vinyl chloride and high-fat diet. (louisville.edu)
Amines1
- 5) Nitriles to aldehydes or primary amines: The nitriles are either reduced to aldehydes or primary amines depending on the amount of DIBAL-H consumed. (katabox.com)
Enantioselectivity2
- Phosphoramidites are effective chiral ligands in the rhodium catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to aldehydes providing up to 75% enantioselectivity and up to 96% isolated yield. (rsc.org)
- The direct proline-catalyzed asymmetric α-aminoxylation of aldehydes and ketones has been developed using nitrosobenzene as an oxygen source, affording α-anilinoxy-aldehydes and -ketones with excellent enantioselectivity. (elsevier.com)
Organic2
- Aldehyde is an organic compound containing a formyl group. (blogspot.com)
- Aldehydes are formed as thermal degradation byproducts released into the atmosphere from the burning of organic matter such as gasoline, food flavorants, and tobacco. (cdc.gov)
Deficiency1
- Sjogren-Larsson syndrome: fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. (medscape.com)
Derivatives1
- Guoliang Mao, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China, Congyang Wang, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, both Beijing, China, and colleagues have developed a rhenium-catalyzed C-H activation that allows the [4 + 1] annulation of benzamides and aldehydes to give phthalide derivatives (pictured). (chemistryviews.org)
Aldol2
- Two complementary classes of chiral boron enolates for adaptation to aldol additions to resin-bound aldehydes were studied : (i) the thioester-derived enolate 1 bearing chiral ligands on boron, and (ii) the chiral ketone-derived enolate 2. (unimi.it)
- Rather, we show that Sbi00515 catalyzes the condensation of pyruvate with a number of aldehydes, followed by dehydration of the presumed aldol intermediate. (nih.gov)
Acetaldehyde1
- NIOSH recommends that the producers and users of acetaldehyde, malonaldehyde, and the other low-molecular-weight aldehydes disseminate this information to workers and customers. (cdc.gov)
Nitroalkanes1
- WO 2009/114329 describes treating polyols with certain types of aminoalcohols and treating polyisocyanates with certain nitroalkanes, in order to reduce aldehydes in the polyols and polyisocyanates, respectively, and in polyurethanes made from those materials. (justia.com)
Molecular1
- Molecular genetics of human aldehyde dehydrogenase. (wikigenes.org)