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AldehydesAldehyde DehydrogenaseAldehyde OxidoreductasesAldehyde ReductaseAcetaldehydeAcroleinBenzaldehydesDisulfiramKetonesRetinal DehydrogenaseAlcoholsAlkadienesAlcohol OxidoreductasesStereoisomerismCyanamideAlcohol DehydrogenaseCatalysisOxidation-ReductionMolecular StructureNADSubstrate SpecificityKineticsAlkenesSjogren-Larsson SyndromeNADPGlyceraldehydeAldehyde-LyasesChemistry, OrganicIridiumLiverHydrogenationIsoenzymesPhosphoramide MustardsAcetalsOrganic Chemistry PhenomenaFatty AlcoholsCoenzymesEstersLipid PeroxidationMolecular Sequence DataMolybdenumCyclizationPropanolsTungstenAmino Acid SequenceChloral HydrateFuraldehydeAlkanesAllyl CompoundsFlushingSilanesEthanolPlasmalogensGas Chromatography-Mass SpectrometryXanthine OxidaseHydrazonesXanthine DehydrogenaseAlkynesChromatography, High Pressure LiquidVibrioCarboxylic AcidsGlyoxalMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyAminesSemicarbazidesOrganic Chemistry ProcessesBoranesVolatilizationIminesCombinatorial Chemistry TechniquesHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationLewis AcidsAminationLigninAmino AlcoholsPyruvaldehydeBenzyl AlcoholsMitochondria, LiverMass SpectrometryWaxesGlutaralFormaldehydeSchiff BasesRetinaldehydeBiotransformation
Aldehydes
Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
An enzyme that oxidizes an aldehyde in the presence of NAD+ and water to an acid and NADH. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.70.
Aldehyde Oxidoreductases
Oxidoreductases that are specific for ALDEHYDES.
Aldehyde Reductase
An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the oxidation of an aldose to an alditol. It possesses broad specificity for many aldoses. EC 1.1.1.21.
Acetaldehyde
A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.
Acrolein
Benzaldehydes
Disulfiram
A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Ketones
Retinal Dehydrogenase
A metalloflavoprotein enzyme involved the metabolism of VITAMIN A, this enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of RETINAL to RETINOIC ACID, using both NAD+ and FAD coenzymes. It also acts on both the 11-trans- and 13-cis-forms of RETINAL.
Alcohols
Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Alkadienes
Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having two carbon-carbon double bonds.
Alcohol Oxidoreductases
A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).
Stereoisomerism
The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Cyanamide
A cyanide compound which has been used as a fertilizer, defoliant and in many manufacturing processes. It often occurs as the calcium salt, sometimes also referred to as cyanamide. The citrated calcium salt is used in the treatment of alcoholism.
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
A zinc-containing enzyme which oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols or hemiacetals in the presence of NAD. In alcoholic fermentation, it catalyzes the final step of reducing an aldehyde to an alcohol in the presence of NADH and hydrogen.
Catalysis
The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Molecular Structure
The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.
NAD
A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Substrate Specificity
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Alkenes
Unsaturated hydrocarbons of the type Cn-H2n, indicated by the suffix -ene. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p408)
Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome
An autosomal recessive neurocutaneous disorder characterized by severe ichthyosis MENTAL RETARDATION; SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA; and congenital ICHTHYOSIS. It is caused by mutation of gene encoding microsomal fatty ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE leading to defect in fatty alcohol metabolism.
NADP
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Glyceraldehyde
Aldehyde-Lyases
Enzymes that catalyze a reverse aldol condensation. A molecule containing a hydroxyl group and a carbonyl group is cleaved at a C-C bond to produce two smaller molecules (ALDEHYDES or KETONES). EC 4.1.2.
Chemistry, Organic
The study of the structure, preparation, properties, and reactions of carbon compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Iridium
A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.
Liver
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
Hydrogenation
Addition of hydrogen to a compound, especially to an unsaturated fat or fatty acid. (From Stedman, 26th ed)
Isoenzymes
Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.
Phosphoramide Mustards
A group of nitrogen mustard compounds which are substituted with a phosphoramide group or its derivatives. They are usually cytotoxic and used as antineoplastic agents.
Acetals
Organic Chemistry Phenomena
The conformation, properties, reaction processes, and the properties of the reactions of carbon compounds.
Fatty Alcohols
Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Coenzymes
Small molecules that are required for the catalytic function of ENZYMES. Many VITAMINS are coenzymes.
Esters
Lipid Peroxidation
Peroxidase catalyzed oxidation of lipids using hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Molybdenum
A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.94. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Cyclization
Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Propanols
Isomeric forms and derivatives of PROPANOL (C3H7OH).
Tungsten
Tungsten. A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Chloral Hydrate
A hypnotic and sedative used in the treatment of INSOMNIA.
Furaldehyde
Alkanes
The generic name for the group of aliphatic hydrocarbons Cn-H2n+2. They are denoted by the suffix -ane. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Allyl Compounds
Flushing
A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, stress, or a disease process.
Silanes
Compounds similar to hydrocarbons in which a tetravalent silicon atom replaces the carbon atom. They are very reactive, ignite in air, and form useful derivatives.
Ethanol
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
Plasmalogens
GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS in which one of the two acyl chains is attached to glycerol with an ether alkenyl linkage instead of an ester as with the other glycerophospholipids.
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.
Xanthine Oxidase
An iron-molybdenum flavoprotein containing FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE that oxidizes hypoxanthine, some other purines and pterins, and aldehydes. Deficiency of the enzyme, an autosomal recessive trait, causes xanthinuria.
Hydrazones
Compounds of the general formula R:N.NR2, as resulting from the action of hydrazines with aldehydes or ketones. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Xanthine Dehydrogenase
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of XANTHINE in the presence of NAD+ to form URIC ACID and NADH. It acts also on a variety of other purines and aldehydes.
Alkynes
Hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond in the linear portion, of the general formula Cn-H2n-2.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.
Vibrio
A genus of VIBRIONACEAE, made up of short, slightly curved, motile, gram-negative rods. Various species produce cholera and other gastrointestinal disorders as well as abortion in sheep and cattle.
Carboxylic Acids
Organic compounds containing the carboxy group (-COOH). This group of compounds includes amino acids and fatty acids. Carboxylic acids can be saturated, unsaturated, or aromatic.
Glyoxal
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).
Amines
A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Semicarbazides
Organic Chemistry Processes
The reactions, changes in structure and composition, the properties of the reactions of carbon compounds, and the associated energy changes.
Boranes
The collective name for the boron hydrides, which are analogous to the alkanes and silanes. Numerous boranes are known. Some have high calorific values and are used in high-energy fuels. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Volatilization
A phase transition from liquid state to gas state, which is affected by Raoult's law. It can be accomplished by fractional distillation.
Imines
Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques
A technology, in which sets of reactions for solution or solid-phase synthesis, is used to create molecular libraries for analysis of compounds on a large scale.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Lewis Acids
Any chemical species which accepts an electron-pair from a LEWIS BASE in a chemical bonding reaction.
Amination
The creation of an amine. It can be produced by the addition of an amino group to an organic compound or reduction of a nitro group.
Lignin
The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Amino Alcohols
Compounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-OH) and an amino group (-NH2).
Pyruvaldehyde
An organic compound used often as a reagent in organic synthesis, as a flavoring agent, and in tanning. It has been demonstrated as an intermediate in the metabolism of acetone and its derivatives in isolated cell preparations, in various culture media, and in vivo in certain animals.
Benzyl Alcohols
Alcohols derived from the aryl radical (C6H5CH2-) and defined by C6H5CHOH. The concept includes derivatives with any substituents on the benzene ring.
Mitochondria, Liver
Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)
Mass Spectrometry
An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.
Waxes
A plastic substance deposited by insects or obtained from plants. Waxes are esters of various fatty acids with higher, usually monohydric alcohols. The wax of pharmacy is principally yellow wax (beeswax), the material of which honeycomb is made. It consists chiefly of cerotic acid and myricin and is used in making ointments, cerates, etc. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Glutaral
One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.
Formaldehyde
A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717)
Schiff Bases
Condensation products of aromatic amines and aldehydes forming azomethines substituted on the N atom, containing the general formula R-N:CHR. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Retinaldehyde
A carotenoid constituent of visual pigments. It is the oxidized form of retinol which functions as the active component of the visual cycle. It is bound to the protein opsin forming the complex rhodopsin. When stimulated by visible light, the retinal component of the rhodopsin complex undergoes isomerization at the 11-position of the double bond to the cis-form; this is reversed in "dark" reactions to return to the native trans-configuration.
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

Single atom modification (O-->S) of tRNA confers ribosome binding. (1/2673)

Escherichia coli tRNALysSUU, as well as human tRNALys3SUU, has 2-thiouridine derivatives at wobble position 34 (s2U*34). Unlike the native tRNALysSUU, the full-length, unmodified transcript of human tRNALys3UUU and the unmodified tRNALys3UUU anticodon stem/loop (ASLLys3UUU) did not bind AAA- or AAG-programmed ribosomes. In contrast, the completely unmodified yeast tRNAPhe anticodon stem/loop (ASLPheGAA) had an affinity (Kd = 136+/-49 nM) similar to that of native yeast tRNAPheGmAA (Kd = 103+/-19 nM). We have found that the single, site-specific substitution of s2U34 for U34 to produce the modified ASLLysSUU was sufficient to restore ribosomal binding. The modified ASLLysSUU bound the ribosome with an affinity (Kd = 176+/-62 nM) comparable to that of native tRNALysSUU (Kd = 70+/-7 nM). Furthermore, in binding to the ribosome, the modified ASLLys3SUU produced the same 16S P-site tRNA footprint as did native E. coli tRNALysSUU, yeast tRNAPheGmAA, and the unmodified ASLPheGAA. The unmodified ASLLys3UUU had no footprint at all. Investigations of thermal stability and structure monitored by UV spectroscopy and NMR showed that the dynamic conformation of the loop of modified ASLLys3SUU was different from that of the unmodified ASLLysUUU, whereas the stems were isomorphous. Based on these and other data, we conclude that s2U34 in tRNALysSUU and in other s2U34-containing tRNAs is critical for generating an anticodon conformation that leads to effective codon interaction in all organisms. This is the first example of a single atom substitution (U34-->s2U34) that confers the property of ribosomal binding on an otherwise inactive tRNA.  (+info)

Decolorization and detoxification of extraction-stage effluent from chlorine bleaching of kraft pulp by Rhizopus oryzae. (2/2673)

Rhizopus oryzae, a zygomycete, was found to decolorize, dechlorinate, and detoxify bleach plant effluent at lower cosubstrate concentrations than the basidiomycetes previously investigated. With glucose at 1 g/liter, this fungus removed 92 to 95% of the color, 50% of the chemical oxygen demand, 72% of the adsorbable organic halide, and 37% of the extractable organic halide in 24 h at temperatures of 25 to 45 degrees C and a pH of 3 to 5. Even without added cosubstrate the fungus removed up to 78% of the color. Monomeric chlorinated aromatic compounds were removed almost completely, and toxicity to zebra fish was eliminated. The fungal mycelium could be immobilized in polyurethane foam and used repeatedly to treat batches of effluent. The residue after treatment was not further improved by exposure to fresh R. oryzae mycelium.  (+info)

Identification and characterization of alkenyl hydrolase (lysoplasmalogenase) in microsomes and identification of a plasmalogen-active phospholipase A2 in cytosol of small intestinal epithelium. (3/2673)

A lysoplasmalogenase (EC 3.3.2.2; EC 3.3.2.5) that liberates free aldehyde from 1-alk-1'-enyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine or -choline (lysoplasmalogen) was identified and characterized in rat gastrointestinal tract epithelial cells. Glycerophosphoethanolamine was produced in the reaction in equimolar amounts with the free aldehyde. The microsomal membrane associated enzyme was present throughout the length of the small intestines, with the highest activity in the jejunum and proximal ileum. The rate of alkenyl ether bond hydrolysis was dependent on the concentrations of microsomal protein and substrate, and was linear with respect to time. The enzyme hydrolyzed both ethanolamine- and choline-lysoplasmalogens with similar affinities; the Km values were 40 and 66 microM, respectively. The enzyme had no activity with 1-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine or -choline (intact plasmalogen), thus indicating enzyme specificity for a free hydroxyl group at the sn-2 position. The specific activities were 70 nmol/min/mg protein and 57 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively, for ethanolamine- and choline-lysoplasmalogen. The pH optimum was between 6.8 and 7.4. The enzyme required no known cofactors and was not affected by low mM levels of Ca2+, Mg2+, EDTA, or EGTA. The detergents, Triton X-100, deoxycholate, and octyl glucoside inhibited the enzyme. The chemical and physical properties of the lysoplasmalogenase were very similar to those of the enzyme in liver and brain microsomes. In developmental studies the specific activities of the small intestinal and liver enzymes increased markedly, 11.1- and 3.4-fold, respectively, in the first approximately 40 days of postnatal life. A plasmalogen-active phospholipase A2 activity was identified in the cytosol of the small intestines (3.3 nmol/min/mg protein) and liver (0.3 nmol/min/mg protein) using a novel coupled enzyme assay with microsomal lysoplasmalogenase as the coupling enzyme.  (+info)

Formation of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-modified proteins in ischemic rat heart. (4/2673)

4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) is a major lipid peroxidation product formed during oxidative stress. Because of its reactivity with nucleophilic compounds, particularly metabolites and proteins containing thiol groups, HNE is cytotoxic. The aim of this study was to assess the extent and time course for the formation of HNE-modified proteins during ischemia and ischemia plus reperfusion in isolated rat hearts. With an antibody to HNE-Cys/His/Lys and densitometry of Western blots, we quantified the amount of HNE-protein adduct in the heart. By taking biopsies from single hearts (n = 5) at various times (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 35, and 40 min) after onset of zero-flow global ischemia, we showed a progressive, time-dependent increase (which peaked after 30 min) in HNE-mediated modification of a discrete number of proteins. In studies with individual hearts (n = 4/group), control aerobic perfusion (70 min) resulted in a very low level (296 arbitrary units) of HNE-protein adduct formation; by contrast, after 30-min ischemia HNE-adduct content increased by >50-fold (15,356 units, P < 0.05). In other studies (n = 4/group), administration of N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine (MPG, 1 mM) to the heart for 5 min immediately before 30-min ischemia reduced HNE-protein adduct formation during ischemia by approximately 75%. In studies (n = 4/group) that included reperfusion of hearts after 5, 10, 15, or 30 min of ischemia, there was no further increase in the extent of HNE-protein adduct formation over that seen with ischemia alone. Similarly, in experiments with MPG, reperfusion did not significantly influence the tissue content of HNE-protein adduct. Western immunoblot results were confirmed in studies using in situ immunofluorescent localization of HNE-protein in cryosections. In conclusion, ischemia causes a major increase in HNE-protein adduct that would be expected to reflect a toxic sequence of events that might act to compromise tissue survival during ischemia and recovery on reperfusion.  (+info)

Conversion of (+/-)-synephrine into p-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde by Arthrobacter synephrinum. A novel enzymic reaction. (5/2673)

A partically purified enzyme from Arthrobacter synephrinum was found to catalyse the conversion of (+/-)-synphrine into p-hydroxyphrenylacetaldehyde and methylamine. The enzyme is highly specific for synephrine and is distinctly different from monoamine oxidase.  (+info)

Hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress in pancreatic beta-cells of GK rats, a model of type 2 diabetes. (6/2673)

Reactive oxygen species are involved in a diversity of biological phenomena such as inflammation, carcinogenesis, aging, and atherosclerosis. We and other investigators have shown that the level of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker for oxidative stress, is increased in either the urine or the mononuclear cells of the blood of type 2 diabetic patients. However, the association between type 2 diabetes and oxidative stress in the pancreatic beta-cells has not been previously described. We measured the levels of 8-OHdG and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE)-modified proteins in the pancreatic beta-cells of GK rats, a model of nonobese type 2 diabetes. Quantitative immunohistochemical analyses with specific antibodies revealed higher levels of 8-OHdG and HNE-modified proteins in the pancreatic beta-cells of GK rats than in the control Wistar rats, with the levels increasing proportionally with age and fibrosis of the pancreatic islets. We further investigated whether the levels of 8-OHdG and HNE-modified proteins would be modified in the pancreatic beta-cells of GK rats fed with 30% sucrose solution or 50 ppm of voglibose (alpha-glucosidase inhibitor). In the GK rats, the levels of 8-OHdG and HNE-modified proteins, as well as islet fibrosis, were increased by sucrose treatment but reduced by voglibose treatment. These results indicate that the pancreatic beta-cells of GK rats are oxidatively stressed, and that chronic hyperglycemia might be responsible for the oxidative stress observed in the pancreatic beta-cells.  (+info)

Formation of lipoxygenase-pathway-derived aldehydes in barley leaves upon methyl jasmonate treatment. (7/2673)

In barley leaves, the application of jasmonates leads to dramatic alterations of gene expression. Among the up-regulated gene products lipoxygenases occur abundantly. Here, at least four of them were identified as 13-lipoxygenases exhibiting acidic pH optima between pH 5.0 and 6.5. (13S,9Z,11E,15Z)-13-hydroxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid was found to be the main endogenous lipoxygenase-derived polyenoic fatty acid derivative indicating 13-lipoxygenase activity in vivo. Moreover, upon methyl jasmonate treatment > 78% of the fatty acid hydroperoxides are metabolized by hydroperoxide lyase activity resulting in the endogenous occurrence of volatile aldehydes. (2E)-4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal, hexanal and (3Z)- plus (2E)-hexenal were identified as 2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazones using HPLC and identification was confirmed by GC/MS analysis. This is the first proof that (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal is formed in plants under physiological conditions. Quantification of (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, hexanal and hexenals upon methyl jasmonate treatment of barley leaf segments revealed that hexenals were the major aldehydes peaking at 24 h after methyl jasmonate treatment. Their endogenous content increased from 1.6 nmol.g-1 fresh weight to 45 nmol.g-1 fresh weight in methyl-jasmonate-treated leaf segments, whereas (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, peaking at 48 h of methyl jasmonate treatment increased from 9 to 15 nmol.g-1 fresh weight. Similar to the hexenals, hexanal reached its maximal amount 24 h after methyl jasmonate treatment, but increased from 0.6 to 3.0 nmol.g-1 fresh weight. In addition to the classical leaf aldehydes, (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal was detected, thereby raising the question of whether it functions in the degradation of chloroplast membrane constituents, which takes place after methyl jasmonate treatment.  (+info)

Disinfection of upper gastrointestinal fibreoptic endoscopy equipment: an evaluation of a cetrimide chlorhexidine solution and glutaraldehyde. (8/2673)

There is little information available on the bacteriological contamination of upper gastrointestinal fibreoptic endoscopes during routine use and the effects of 'disinfecting solutions'. A bacteriological evaluation was therefore made of cleaning an endoscope and its ancillary equipment with (1) water, (2) an aqueous solution of 1% cetrimide with 0.1% chlorhexidine, and (3) activated aqueous 2% glutaraldehyde. All equipment, but particularly the endoscope itself, was found to be heavily contaminated after use with a wide variety of organisms of which 53% were Gram positive. Cleaning the endoscope and ancillary equipment with water and the cetrimide/chlorhexidine solution alone or in combination was inadequate to produce disinfection but immersion in glutaraldehyde for two minutes consistently produced sterile cultures with our sampling technique. A rapid and simple method for disinfection of endoscopic equipment is therefore recommended and we think this is especially suitable for busy endoscopy units.  (+info)

Lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes and oxidative stress in the failing heart: Role of aldose reductaseLipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes and oxidative stress in the failing heart: Role of aldose reductase
Lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes (LP-DA) can propagate oxidative injury and are detoxified by the aldose reductase (AR) enzyme pathway in myocardium. Whether there are alterations in the AR axis in heart failure (HF) is unknown. Sixteen instrumented dogs were studied before and after either 24 h or 4 wk of rapid left ventricular (LV) pacing (early and late HF, respectively). Six unpaced dogs served as controls. In early HF, there was subtle depression of LV performance (maximum rate of LV pressure rise, P < 0.05 vs. baseline) but no chamber enlargement, whereas in late HF there was significant (P < 0.05) contractile depression and LV dilatation. Oxidative stress was increased at both time points, indexed by tissue malondialdehyde, total glutathione, and free C6-C9 LP-DA (P < 0.025 vs. control). AR protein levels and activity decreased progressively during HF (P < 0.025 early/late HF vs. control); however, AR mRNA expression decreased only in late HF (P < 0.005 vs. early HF and control). DNA ...
http://scholars.uab.edu/display/pub893998
Physiologically based in silico modelling to examine DNA adduct formation by different food-borne a,ß-unsaturated aldehydes at...
TY - THES. T1 - Physiologically based in silico modelling to examine DNA adduct formation by different food-borne a,ß-unsaturated aldehydes at realistic low dietary exposure levels. AU - Kiwamoto, R.. N1 - WU thesis, no. 6025. PY - 2015. Y1 - 2015. N2 - Abstract (R.Kiwamoto ISBN 978-94-6257-284-3) Various α,β-unsaturated aldehydes are present in fruits, vegetables, spices, or processed products containing these items as natural constituents or as added food flavouring agents. Because of the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde moiety the β carbon in the molecule becomes electron deficient and the aldehydes react with electron rich molecules including DNA via Michael addition. The formation of DNA adducts raises a concern for genotoxicity, although formation of DNA adducts may not be significant at low doses relevant for dietary exposure in vivo because of adequate detoxification. This thesis therefore aimed at determining dose-dependent detoxification and DNA adduct formation of food-borne ...
https://research.wur.nl/en/publications/physiologically-based-in-silico-modelling-to-examine-dna-adduct-f
Histidine 50 is a crucial residue for alpha-synuclein aggregation induced by lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydesHistidine 50 is a crucial residue for alpha-synuclein aggregation induced by lipid peroxidation-derived aldehydes
2012 (English)In: Free Radical Biology & Medicine, ISSN 0891-5849, E-ISSN 1873-4596, Vol. 53, no Suppl 1, S248-S249 p.Article in journal (Refereed) Published ...
http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1087076
Aruni Bhatnagar, Ph.D., FAHA - School of Medicine University of LouisvilleAruni Bhatnagar, Ph.D., FAHA - School of Medicine University of Louisville
The major focus of our research is to elucidate the mechanisms by which oxidative stress affects cardiovascular function. In particular, we are interested in the role of lipid peroxidation as a contributor to myocardial ischemic injury and atherosclerosis. Although lipid peroxidation generates several reactive intermediates and end products, lipid-derived unsaturated aldehydes are believed to be a major source of oxidative stress and these toxicants appear to be critical mediators of tissue injury due to lipid peroxidation. In order to understand how the cardiovascular tissues protect themselves from the toxic products of lipid peroxidation, we are currently investigating the biochemical mechanisms by which unsaturated aldehydes are detoxified in the heart and blood vessels. We have learned that the enzymes - aldose reductase, glutathione S-transferases and aldehyde dehydrogenase are the major constituents of aldehyde metabolism in the heart, and vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells, and ...
http://louisville.edu/medicine/degrees/departments/medicine/divisions/cardiology/experts/bhatnagar
Raised concentrations of aldehyde lipid peroxidation products in premature infants with chronic lung disease | ADC Fetal &...Raised concentrations of aldehyde lipid peroxidation products in premature infants with chronic lung disease | ADC Fetal &...
Based on the quantitative profiles of aldehydes reportedly formed during autoxidation of fatty acids, such as oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, γ-linolenic, and arachidonic acid,17 18we measured eight aldehydes in this study (pentanal, hexanal, 2-hexenal, heptanal, 2-heptenal, 2-octenal, 2-nonenal, and HNE). Pentanal and hexanal are mainly generated from the peroxidation of linoleic and arachidonic acid, while heptanal is generated from oleic acid, and 2-hexenal from α-linolenic acid. 2-nonenal and HNE are also the main peroxidation products of γ-linolenic and arachidonic acid.17 Among these aldehydes, HNE has already been widely studied19 and hexanal has also been reported20 to be an indicator of lipid peroxidation. It has already been confirmed that not only hexanal, HNE, and MDA, but also other aldehydes, actually increase during peroxidation of rat liver microsomes and in rats loaded with ethanol.14 17 All of the aldehydes measured in this study were higher in the CLD infants than in the ...
https://fn.bmj.com/content/80/1/F21?ijkey=04f6e6d9b308908d033a72d9ac9c3f2ada697bf7&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Identification of cardiac oxidoreductase(s) involved in the metabolism of the lipid peroxidation-derived aldehyde-4...Identification of cardiac oxidoreductase(s) involved in the metabolism of the lipid peroxidation-derived aldehyde-4...
The aim of this study was to identify the cardiac oxidoreductases involved in the metabolism of 4-hydroxy-2-trans-nonenal (HNE), an α,β unsaturated aldehyde generated during the peroxidation of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids. In homogenates of bovine, human and rat ventricles the primary pyridine coenzyme-linked metabolism of HNE was associated with NADPH oxidation. The NADPH-dependent enzyme catalysing HNE reduction was purified to homogeneity from bovine heart. The purified enzyme displayed kinetic and immunological properties identical with the polyol pathway enzyme aldose reductase (AR), and catalysed the reduction of HNE to its alcohol 1,4-dihydroxynonene (DHN), with a Km of 7±2 μM. In the presence of NADP the enzyme did not catalyse the oxidation of DHN. During catalysis, HNE did not cause inactivation of AR. Nevertheless when the apoenzyme was incubated with HNE a dissociable complex was formed between the enzyme and HNE, followed by irreversible loss of activity. Inactivation of ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/329/3/469
Analysis of aldehydes in cloud- and fogwater samples by HPLC with a postcolumn reaction detector - CaltechAUTHORSAnalysis of aldehydes in cloud- and fogwater samples by HPLC with a postcolumn reaction detector - CaltechAUTHORS
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a segmented-flow analyzer was used for the analysis of aldehydes. The aldehydes, which were separated on a reversed-phase C_(18) column, were derivatized with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinonhe ydrazone (MBTH) and detected at 640 nm. MBTH reacts readily with all aliphatic aldehydes to form MBTH derivatives with high molar absorptivities. Aldehydes below 1 µM can be easily detected by this method. Because aldehydes and other solutes are separated by HPLC before derivatization, free aldehydes are detected without interference. Aldehydes in cloud- and fogwater samples were analyzed. Form-aldehyde, acetaldehyde, glyoxal, and methylglyoxal concentrations were determined. Results obtained with the MBTH method were consistent with those obtained with the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) method. The MBTH method allows for the rapid determination of the concentration of free aldehydes; the DNPH method will yield similar results, although the ...
https://authors.library.caltech.edu/59534/
Aldehydes Catalog, Aldehydes Products, Aldehydes SuppliersAldehydes Catalog, Aldehydes Products, Aldehydes Suppliers
Aldehydes Catalog with China Aldehydes Products, Aldehydes Suppliers, Aldehydes Manufacturers, and Aldehydes Exporters provided by ChemNet
http://www.ssq9820.com/Global/Products/Fragrances-and-Aroma-chemicals/Aldehydes/Directory-1.html
Aldehyde - Academic Kids
Aldehydes are named by IUPAC nomenclature by changing the suffix -e of the parent alkane to -al. Aliphatic aldehydes are named as derivatives of their longest alkyl chain. Thus, HCHO is named as a derivative of methane, and CH3CH2CH2CHO is named as a derivative of butane. The suffix -al replaces the -e of the alkane name. Thus, HCHO is named methanal, more commonly known as formaldehyde, and CH3CH2CH2CHO is named butanal. When a -CHO group is attached to a ring, the suffix -carbaldehyde is used. Thus, C6H11-CHO is known as cyclohexanecarbaldehyde. The name benzaldehyde is used as the root for aldehydes derived from benzene. ...
https://wsw.academickids.com/encyclopedia/index.php/Aldehyde
Aldehydes in hydrothermal solution: Standard partial molal thermodynamic properties and relative stabilities at high...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Aldehydes in hydrothermal solution. T2 - Standard partial molal thermodynamic properties and relative stabilities at high temperatures and pressures. AU - Schulte, Mitchell D.. AU - Shock, Everett L.. PY - 1993/8. Y1 - 1993/8. N2 - Aldehydes are common in a variety of geologic environments and are derived from a number of sources, both natural and anthropogenic. Experimental data for aqueous aldehydes were taken from the literature and used, along with parameters for the revised Helgeson-Kirkham-Flowers (HKF) equations of state, to estimate standard partial molal thermodynamic data for aqueous straight-chain alkyl aldehydes at high temperatures and pressures. Examples of calculations involving aldehydes in geological environments are given, and the stability of aldehydes relative to carboxylic acids is evaluated. These calculations indicate that aldehydes may be intermediates in the formation of carboxylic acids from hydrocarbons in sedimentary basin brines and hydrothermal ...
https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/aldehydes-in-hydrothermal-solution-standard-partial-molal-thermod
Responsiveness of olfactory neurons to distinct aliphatic aldehydes | Journal of Experimental BiologyResponsiveness of olfactory neurons to distinct aliphatic aldehydes | Journal of Experimental Biology
The responsiveness of isolated olfactory sensory neurons to stimulation with aliphatic aldehydes of varying chain length (5-10 hydrogenated carbon atoms) was investigated by means of Ca(2+)imaging. More than half the cells examined were responsive to aliphatic aldehydes. Individual cells did not react or reacted to one or multiple aldehydes; in the latter case, cells only reacted to aldehydes of consecutive carbon chain lengths. The largest proportion of cells responded to octanal. It was also demonstrated that a structural difference as small as one hydrogenated carbon atom was detectable by the olfactory neurons. Neurons were increasingly able to discriminate between two aldehydes as the difference in chain length between the two increased. Discrimination between aldehydes with longer carbon chains was reduced. Although the odorants examined belong to a distinct chemical class and differ only slightly in structure, individual olfactory sensory neurons showed quite different receptive ...
http://jeb.biologists.org/content/203/5/927
Effects of Lipid Peroxidation-Related Protein Modifications on RPE Lysosomal Functions and POS Phagocytosis | IOVS | ARVO...Effects of Lipid Peroxidation-Related Protein Modifications on RPE Lysosomal Functions and POS Phagocytosis | IOVS | ARVO...
Lipid peroxidation-derived cellular damage has been related to normal cellular aging and various age-related degenerative diseases. Tissues containing large numbers of postmitotic cells, as in the brain, skeletal muscles, or heart, are particularly at risk for age-related deterioration in function by lipid peroxidation products. The initiation of lipid peroxidation also requires the generation of oxygen-derived free radicals and the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The outer retina is exposed to light in an oxygen-rich environment, and unsaturated fatty acids are present in high concentrations in the photoreceptor membranes of the retina. 24 Accordingly, evidence for light-induced lipid peroxidation reactions in the retina has been reported in several studies. 25 26 27 Exposure to intense light is thought to acutely induce retinal damage by generating the production of high doses of lipid peroxidation-derived DNA-reactive aldehydes that trigger photoreceptor cell apoptosis. 16 Besides ...
https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2125099
DIGITAL.CSIC: Chemical changes in volatile aldehydes and ketones from subcutaneous fat during ripening of Iberian dry-cured ham...DIGITAL.CSIC: Chemical changes in volatile aldehydes and ketones from subcutaneous fat during ripening of Iberian dry-cured ham...
Changes in volatile aldehyde and ketone amounts from subcutaneous fat have been evaluated during the dry-curing process (987. days) of Iberian ham by purge & trap-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy method, using the same hams for the first time. The subcutaneous adipose tissues of ten hams obtained from five Iberian pigs fed on acorns and pasture were sampled and analyzed periodically during whole processing time. Fifteen aldehydes and six ketones have been identified, all previously described except the 2,4-pentadienal that has been identified for the first time. A LDA was applied and the two discriminant functions were obtained using backward stepwise analysis retaining the variables: 4-octen-3-one, 2-methyl-butanal, butanal, 2-decenal, 2-heptanone, decanal, 2,4-pentadienal, pentanal, hexanal, 2-butanone, octanal and 2-octanone. A complete separation between the three periods was obtained, indicating that the retained variables are powerful descriptors to characterize samples from these ...
http://digital.csic.es/handle/10261/115063
Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation and Hydrogen Production in the Ketonization of AldehydesCarbon-Carbon Bond Formation and Hydrogen Production in the Ketonization of Aldehydes
Aldehydes possess relatively high chemical energy, which is the driving force for disproportionation reactions such as Cannizzaro and Tishchenko reactions. Generally, this energy is wasted if aldehydes are transformed into carboxylic acids with a sacrificial oxidant. Here, we describe a cascade reaction in which the surplus energy of the transformation is liberated as molecular hydrogen for the oxidation of heptanal to heptanoic acid by water, and the carboxylic acid is transformed into potentially industrially relevant symmetrical ketones by ketonic decarboxylation. The cascade reaction is catalyzed by monoclinic zirconium oxide (m-ZrO2). The reaction mechanism has been studied through cross-coupling experiments between different aldehydes and acids, and the final symmetrical ketones are formed by a reaction pathway that involves the previously formed carboxylic acids. Isotopic studies indicate that the carboxylic acid can be formed by a hydride shift from the adsorbed aldehyde on the metal ...
https://riunet.upv.es/handle/10251/83589
AT1G66860 protein (Arabidopsis thaliana) - STRING network viewAT1G66860 protein (Arabidopsis thaliana) - STRING network view
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3I1; Involved in oxidative stress tolerance by detoxifying reactive aldehydes derived from lipid peroxidation. Medium- to long-chain saturated aldehydes are preferred substrates, while the short-chain aldehyde propanal is a weak substrate. Can use both NAD(+) and NADP(+), but the coenzyme preference is substrate dependent (550 aa ...
https://string-db.org/cgi/network.pl?identifier=3702.AT1G66860.1
Tutoronline: Aldol condensationTutoronline: Aldol condensation
The name aldol is derived from the names of the two functional groups, aldehyde and alcohol, present in the products. The aldol and ketol readily lose water to give α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds which are aldol condensation products and the reaction is called Aldol condensation. Though ketones give ketols (compounds containing a keto and alcohol groups), the general name aldol condensation still applies to the reactions of ketones due to their similarity with aldehydes. ...
https://www.on-linetutoring.com/2019/07/aldol-condensation.html
amino aldehydes Tutorial | Sophia Learningamino aldehydes Tutorial | Sophia Learning
amino aldehydes Amino aldehydes are a group of compounds that have both amino (-NH2) and aldehyde (-CHO) groups. During the last decade α-amino aldehydes have attracted widespread attention as the important natural source of chiral substrates useful in stereocontrolled organic synthesis. They are of special interest due to their ready availability in both enantiomeric forms from natural sources, as well as their pronounced versatility, due to the presence of both the formyl group and suitably protected amino functionality in the molecule.
https://www.sophia.org/tutorials/amino-aldehydes
Aging | Fat accumulation in |i|Caenorhabditis elegans|/i| triggeredby the electrophilic lipid peroxidation product 4...
Full Text - Deposition and mobilization of fat in an organism aretightly controlled by multiple levels of endocrine and neuroendocrineregulation. Because these hormonal mechanisms ultimately act by affectingbiochemical reactions of fat synthesis or utilization, obesity could bealso modulated by altering directly the underlying lipid biochemistry. Wehave previously shown that genetically modified mice with an elevated levelof the lipid peroxidation product 4-HNE become obese. We now demonstratethat the process is phylogenetically conserved and thus likely to beuniversal. In the nematode C. elegans, disruption of eitherconjugation or oxidation of 4-HNE leads to fat accumulation, whereasaugmentation of 4-HNE conjugation results in a lean phenotype. Moreover,direct treatment of C. elegans with synthetic 4-HNE causes increasedlipid storage, directly demonstrating a causative role of 4-HNE. Thepostulated mechanism, which involves modulation of acetyl-CoA carboxylaseactivity, could contribute to
https://www.aging-us.com/article/100005/text
Folate salvage in plants: pterin aldehyde reduction is mediated by multiple non-specific aldehyde reductasesFolate salvage in plants: pterin aldehyde reduction is mediated by multiple non-specific aldehyde reductases
Folates undergo oxidative cleavage in vivo, releasing a pterin aldehyde fragment that can be re-used in folate synthesis if the aldehyde group is reduced. High levels of NADPH-dependent reductase activity against pterin-6-aldehyde and its dihydro form were detected in Arabidopsis, pea and other plan …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17550420/?dopt=Abstract
Chiral Pyrrolidine-Based Salen Ligands for the Enantioselective Alkylation of Aromatic Aldehydes | Bentham ScienceChiral Pyrrolidine-Based Salen Ligands for the Enantioselective Alkylation of Aromatic Aldehydes | Bentham Science
Title: Chiral Pyrrolidine-Based Salen Ligands for the Enantioselective Alkylation of Aromatic Aldehydes. VOLUME: 4 ISSUE: 2. Author(s): M. Elisa da Silva Serra, Dina Murtinho, Albertino Goth and A. M. dA. Rocha Gonsalves. Affiliation:Departamento de Quimica, Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.. Keywords:Pyrrolidine, diamine, Salen, diethylzinc, enantioselective, alkylation. Abstract: A new type of Salen ligands derived from (2R, 3R)-N-benzyl-2,3-diaminopyrrolidine and aromatic hydroxyaldehydes was synthesized and tested in the enantioselective alkylation of aromatic aldehydes with diethylzinc, moderate selectivity being observed. This study represents the application of a new type of Zn- Salen ligands and opens the way to exploring these promising new structures in other enantioselective and biological processes. ...
https://www.eurekaselect.com/78069/article/chiral-pyrrolidine-based-salen-ligands-enantioselective-alkylation-aromatic-aldehydes
Aldehydes | OQAldehydes | OQ
Our aldehydes are also sold to customers who produce transparent synthetic polymers for safety glass applications. Another example is their use as a chain regulator for polyolefin production. Further applications for aldehydes include: lacquers, polymer additives, flotation reagents, as well as building blocks for agrochemicals.. The widespread use of aldehydes as intermediates in organic synthesis is due to their high reactivity.. ...
https://oq.com/en/products/intermediates/aldehydes
Lipid Products | 16:1 aldehyde | 857459Lipid Products | 16:1 aldehyde | 857459
Fatty aldehydes are enzymatically converted to fatty alcohols and fatty acids. When assessing S1P lyase enzymatic activity, the estimation of fatty aldehyde
https://avantilipids.com/product/857459/
Redox status related activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis caused by 4-hydroxynonenal exposure in INS-1 cellsRedox status related activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and apoptosis caused by 4-hydroxynonenal exposure in INS-1 cells
4-Hydroxynonenal (HNE), a diffusible aldehyde product of membrane lipid peroxidation, can be produced by oxidative stress and has been detected in several diseases such as diabetes. In this study, we investigated the effects of HNE exposure on cytotoxicity, intracellular redox status, endoplasmic re …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24720789/
Kinetic and structural evidence of the alkenal/one reductase specificity of human ζ-crystallin. - The Arthritis Research UK...Kinetic and structural evidence of the alkenal/one reductase specificity of human ζ-crystallin. - The Arthritis Research UK...
Human ζ-crystallin is a Zn(2+)-lacking medium-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (MDR) included in the quinone oxidoreductase (QOR) family because of its activity with quinones. In the present work a novel enzymatic activity was characterized: the double bond α,β-hydrogenation of medium-chain 2-alkenals and 3-alkenones. The enzyme is especially active with lipid peroxidation products such as 4-hydroxyhexenal, and a role in their detoxification is discussed. This specificity is novel in the QOR family, and it is similar to that described in the distantly related alkenal/one reductase family. Moreover, we report the X-ray structure of ζ-crystallin, which represents the first structure solved for a tetrameric Zn(2+)-lacking MDR, and which allowed the identification of the active-site lining residues. Docking simulations suggest a role for Tyr53 and Tyr59 in catalysis. The kinetics of Tyr53Phe and Tyr59Phe mutants support the implication of Tyr53 in binding/catalysis of alkenal/one substrates, while Tyr59 is
https://oacentre.kennedy.ox.ac.uk/publications/322024
It is likely that the majority of proteins will undergo post-translational - Small Molecule Inhibitors of Protein Arginine...It is likely that the majority of proteins will undergo post-translational - Small Molecule Inhibitors of Protein Arginine...
It is likely that the majority of proteins will undergo post-translational changes be it enzymatic or non-enzymatic. in the Western Society for the Biomedical Study on Alcoholism Achieving held September 12-15 2015 in Valencia Spain. electrophilic varieties including reactive aldehydes (carbonylation) acyl organizations (acetylation) and sugars moieties (glycosylation). CARBONYLATION A key contributor to the pathogenesis of ALD is definitely enhanced hepatocellular oxidative stress resulting from the production of reactive oxygen varieties induction of Cyp2E1 as well as xanthine and NADPH oxidases[12-16]. These reactive varieties in turn induce lipid peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids including linoleic acid forming α/β unsaturated aldehydes[17 18 The best KX2-391 2HCl characterized of these carbonyl-derivatives include 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal KX2-391 2HCl (4-HNE) 4 malondialdehyde (MDA) and acrolein. Following their formation these highly reactive lipid electrophiles improve DNA as well as ...
http://welbourneprimary.com/it-is-likely-that-the-majority-of-proteins-will-undergo-post-translational/
Asymmetric Organocatalytic Epoxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes with Hydrogen PeroxideAsymmetric Organocatalytic Epoxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes with Hydrogen Peroxide
Abstract. A chiral bisaryl-silyl-protected pyrrolidine acts as a very selective epoxidation organocatalyst using simple oxidation agents. The scope of the reaction is demonstrated by the formation of optically active α,β-epoxy aldehydes in high yields and enantioselectivities. The asymmetric epoxidation reactions proceed also under environmental friendly reaction conditions in, for example, water mixtures of alcohols.. ...
https://www.organic-chemistry.org/abstracts/lit1/092.shtm
Design of recombinant whole-cell catalysts for double reduction of C [[double bond, length as m-dash]] C and C [[double bond,...Design of recombinant whole-cell catalysts for double reduction of C [[double bond, length as m-dash]] C and C [[double bond,...
Whole-cell catalysts overexpressing two enzymes for a double reduction cascade in which aliphatic α-branched α,β-unsaturated aldehydes are converted into Guerbet alcohols as a highly demanded class of lubricants were constructed and characterized. The reaction conditions were optimized to suppress by-product Enzyme catalysis in organic synthesis
http://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2017/gc/c6gc01668e
Aldol condensation - leading to aldol or ketol which can undergo dehydration to produce the alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde or...Aldol condensation - leading to aldol or ketol which can undergo dehydration to produce the alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde or...
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https://pharmaxchange.info/2011/06/aldol-condensation-base-catalyzed/aldol3/
Aldehydes :: Chromatography OnlineAldehydes :: Chromatography Online
Aldehydes are hydrocarbon-derived compounds containing terminal carbonyl groups. In the atmosphere, they are very reactive volatile organic compounds produced from the incomplete combustion of gasoline or diesel fuel and contribute to the production of ground level ozone. Examples of aldehydes include formaldehyde and acetaldehyde ...
http://chromatography-online.org/chromatography_directory/analytes/aldehydes/cc37/index.php
Tests for AldehydeTests for Aldehyde
This video explains how to identify aldehydes using some simple tests. Aldehydes are organic compounds containing formyl functional group, in which the carbonyl carbon is attached to a hydrogen atom and an R group.
https://www.robolab.in/tests-for-aldehyde/
THE INFRARED SPECTRA OF SOME ALDEHYDES BETWEEN 15 AND 35 MICRONS
Spectral data for 41 aldehydes have been recorded from 1/700 cm to 1/300 cm and analyzed for spectra-structure correlations. The information so attained can be applied in identifying aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. Specific correlations were determined for aliphatic aldehydes with or without alpha-branching. Tentative correlations were observed for alphaolefinic, alicyclic, and aromatic aldehydes. (Author)
https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD0292248
Reduction to alcohols [LiAlH4] - ChemistryScoreReduction to alcohols [LiAlH4] - ChemistryScore
When treated with lithium aluminum hydride abbreviated LAH, esters are reduced to yield primary alcohols. As well as most mechanisms of reduction with LAH (reduction of aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amines), this process is somewhat complex, so that a simpler version will be shown.. This reaction involves two equivalents of LAH. The first equivalent of LAH reduces the ester to an aldehyde and the second equivalent of LAH reduces the aldehyde to an alcohol. But with only one equivalent is not possible to produce aldehyde because aldehydes are more reactive than esters and will react with LAH immediately after being formed. For this purpose, DiBAl-H is used. ...
https://chemistryscore.com/reduction-alcohols-lialh4/
Aldol condensation of acetone
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http://bizzle.tk/aldol-condensation-of-acetone
Aldehydes Market 2026: Top Companies, Trends and Future Prospects Details for Business Development - TechnoBleakAldehydes Market 2026: Top Companies, Trends and Future Prospects Details for Business Development - TechnoBleak
Aldehydes is an organic compound containing functional group called as formyl group, which has numerous applications in medical disinfectant and antiseptic, food and cosmetics among others. It is anhydrous salt, a form of sodium bicarbonate, also called as washing soda. There are numerous types of aldehydes available such as butyraldehyde, acetaldehyde, propionaldehyde, formaldehyde, benzaldehyde, and others. However, there quantities are produced according to application and utilization. In industrial applications, it is used as precursor to numerous chemicals such as alcohols, resins, and acids.. Download PDF Brochure of Research Report @ https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-pdf/2358. Aldehydes Market Dynamics. Formaldehyde is among the most common type of aldehydes and is widely used aldehydes across the globe. It is prominently used in the manufacturing of numerous types of resins such as melamine formaldehyde resins, urea formaldehyde resins, and others, which is driving ...
https://technobleak.com/aldehydes-market-2026-top-companies-trends-and-future-prospects-details-for-business-development/
ALDEHYDE C18 104-61-0, China ALDEHYDE C18 104-61-0 Manufacturers, China ALDEHYDE C18 104-61-0 Suppliers - winsunchem
We,China ALDEHYDE C18 104-61-0 Suppliers and China ALDEHYDE C18 104-61-0 Manufacturers, provide ALDEHYDE C18 104-61-0 product and the products related with China ALDEHYDE C18 104-61-0 - winsunchem
http://chemnet.com/ChinaSuppliers/18237/ALDEHYDE-C18--646443.html
CURE CANCER 80- Don: Toxic compounds from fried foods cause cancer and deteriorate brain health
Breakdown chemical structures known as aldehydes are formed in cooked vegetable oils such as sunflower oil when heated to normal frying temperatures,and are also released into the air where they can be inhaled. Alternate food preparation methods such as roasting, steaming and broiling are safe methods of cooking foods to avoid the dangerous release of aldehydes andprovide a shield against cancer-forming particles and neurodegenerative decline. Prior studies have identified the health degrading nature of aldehydes, where their presence in organisms is linked to different types of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers and Parkinsons. Researchers also know that these compounds remain in vegetable oils after they have been used to fry foods and wanted to determine how they interact with proteins, hormones and enzymes in the body to impede its correct functioning. Many common vegetable oils produce dangerous aldehydes when heated The study team heated three types of oil (olive, ...
http://curecancer73-don.blogspot.com/2012/03/toxic-compounds-from-fried-foods-cause.html
patD - Gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase - Escherichia coli (strain K12) - patD gene & proteinpatD - Gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase - Escherichia coli (strain K12) - patD gene & protein
Catalyzes the oxidation 4-aminobutanal (gamma-aminobutyraldehyde) to 4-aminobutanoate (gamma-aminobutyrate or GABA) (PubMed:3510672, PubMed:16023116). This is the second step in one of two pathways for putrescine degradation, where putrescine is converted into 4-aminobutanoate via 4-aminobutanal, which allows E.coli to grow on putrescine as the sole nitrogen source (PubMed:3510672, PubMed:22636776). Also functions as a 5-aminopentanal dehydrogenase in a a L-lysine degradation pathway to succinate that proceeds via cadaverine, glutarate and L-2-hydroxyglutarate (PubMed:30498244). Can also oxidize n-alkyl medium-chain aldehydes, but with a lower catalytic efficiency (PubMed:15381418, PubMed:16023116).
https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P77674
An investigation into protein modification by short-chain lipid oxidation products - Aston Research ExplorerAn investigation into protein modification by short-chain lipid oxidation products - Aston Research Explorer
The oxidative modification of lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids results in a wide diversity of reactive products, including short-chain aldehydes, which can covalently modify proteins, a process called lipoxidation, and affect their function. The detection of lipoxidation adducts is extremely challenging due to their low abundance, so there is a need for new detection methods. Using the model proteins lysozyme and human serum albumin, five reporter ions for acrolein modification, eight for 4-hydroxyhexenal and one for 2-chlorohexadecanal were found by LC-MS/MS-based label-free method. Subsequently, a targeted multiple reaction monitoring method was developed as a potential tool for the identification and characterization of these modifications of human serum albumin in biological samples. Comparison between three different chromatographic methods for the separation of intact proteins unmodified or modified by short-chain aldehydes demonstrated that anion exchange chromatography was ...
https://research.aston.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/an-investigation-into-protein-modification-by-short-chain-lipid-o
Highly Chemo- and Enantioselective Cross-Benzoin Reaction of Aliphatic Aldehydes and α-KetoestersHighly Chemo- and Enantioselective Cross-Benzoin Reaction of Aliphatic Aldehydes and α-Ketoesters
see article for more reactions. Abstract. A valine-derived, electron-deficient triazolium salt catalyzes a high yielding, highly chemo- and enantioselective cross-benzoin reaction between aliphatic aldehydes and α-ketoesters. Diastereoselective reduction of the products gives access to densely oxygenated compounds with high chemo- and diastereoselectivity.. ...
http://www.organic-chemistry.org/abstracts/lit4/023.shtm
Biomimetic flavin-catalyzed aldehyde oxidation<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Biomimetic flavin-catalyzed aldehyde oxidation. AU - Murray, Alexander T.. AU - Matton, Pascal. AU - Fairhurst, Nathan W. G.. AU - John, Matthew P.. AU - Carbery, David R.. PY - 2012/7/20. Y1 - 2012/7/20. N2 - The oxidation of alkyl and aryl aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids has been achieved through the action of a biomimetic bridged flavin catalyst. The reaction uses readily available 35% aqueous hydrogen peroxide and is operationally simple. The oxidation is a green and sustainable reaction, obviating chlorinated solvents with minimal byproducts.. AB - The oxidation of alkyl and aryl aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids has been achieved through the action of a biomimetic bridged flavin catalyst. The reaction uses readily available 35% aqueous hydrogen peroxide and is operationally simple. The oxidation is a green and sustainable reaction, obviating chlorinated solvents with minimal byproducts.. UR - ...
https://researchportal.bath.ac.uk/en/publications/biomimetic-flavin-catalyzed-aldehyde-oxidation
ALDEHYDE C-6 (HEXANAL)ALDEHYDE C-6 (HEXANAL)
ALDEHYDE C-6 (HEXANAL) Green, fatty, leafy, vegetative, fruity and clean with a woody nuance. Used for its oily-green odour, at high dilution it adds an effect of freshly cut grass and unripe fruit.
https://www.creatingperfume.com/ALDEHYDEC-6HEXANAL.aspx
Aldol CondensationAldol Condensation
Step 1 through 3 are an aldol reaction, steps 4 and 5 a 1,2-elimination via E1cB mechanism. Thus, aldol condensation is aldol reaction followed by 1,2-elimination.. OCHEMPAL IS NOW IN THE FORM OF A BOOK. Title: The Elements of Organic Chemistry; Subtitle: A Compendium of Terminology, Definitions, and Concepts for the Beginner.. Available at Amazon or the publishers website: http://linusbooks.com/?wpsc-product=the-elements-of-organic-chemistry. The book contains everything on OChemPal except some recent additions, a few biochemical terms, and the Mastery Check feature. So, if you prefer reading a book to reading a screen, the book is for you.. ...
http://www.ochempal.org/index.php/alphabetical/a-b/aldol-condensation/
Identification of C9-C11 unsaturated aldehydes as prediction markers of growth and feed intake for non-ruminant animals fed...Identification of C9-C11 unsaturated aldehydes as prediction markers of growth and feed intake for non-ruminant animals fed...
The benefits of using the oxidized oils from rendering and recycling as an economic source of lipids and energy in animal feed always coexist with the concerns that diverse degradation products in these oxidized oils can negatively affect animal health and performance. Therefore, the quality markers that predict growth performance could be useful when feeding oxidized oils to non-ruminants. However, the correlations between growth performance and chemical profiles of oxidized oils have not been well examined. In this study, six thermally oxidized soybean oils (OSOs) with a wide range of quality measures were prepared under different processing temperatures and processing durations, including 45 °C-336 h; 67.5 °C-168 h; 90 °C-84 h; 135 °C-42 h; 180 °C-21 h; and 225 °C-10.5 h. Broilers and nursery pigs were randomly assigned to diets containing either unheated control soybean oil or one of six OSOs. Animal performance was determined by measuring body weight gain, feed intake, and gain to feed ratio.
https://jasbsci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40104-020-00451-4
Plus itPlus it
Under pathological or other stressful conditions where reactive species are produced, cellular macromolecules such as DNA, proteins, and lipids are modified into DNA adducts, oxidized proteins, and lipid peroxides, respectively. From the lipid peroxidation of plasma membrane, reactive lipid aldehydes such as HNE or hydroxyhexanal are produced via enzymatic and nonenzymatic reactions (Esterbauer et al., 1991). Newly synthesized HNE can readily move across cell membranes and can interrupt the normal functions of proteins as well as DNAs (Esterbauer et al., 1991; Martelli et al., 1994). Under extreme conditions of stress, concentration of newly synthesized HNE may reach up to 100 μM (Esterbauer et al., 1991) and thus, HNE may serve as a common cytotoxic signal in many cell types and tissues. For example, the levels of HNE-bound proteins are increased selectively in neurons in the substantia nigra of Parkinsons patients (Yoritaka et al., 1996) and levels of free HNE are increased more than 2-fold ...
http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/58/3/535
AldehydesAldehydes
IR Spectroscopy. Aldehydes show a the carbonyl stretch from 1740-1685. If the carbonyl is adjacent to saturated, aliphatic carbons, the C=O stretch is from 1740-1720. If the carbons alpha and beta to it are not saturated (for instance, if the carbonyl is on an aromatic ring), the C=O stretch shows up from 1710-1685.. Another useful diagnostic band for aldehydes is the C H stretch of the aldehyde group in the region 2830-2695. If you suspect a compound to be an aldehyde, always look for a peak in this region; it often appears as a shoulder-type peak just to the right of the alkyl C H stretches.. ...
http://orgchemboulder.com/Spectroscopy/specttutor/ald.shtml
Common class of chemicals increase cancer risk by breaking down DNA repair mechanisms | University of CambridgeCommon class of chemicals increase cancer risk by breaking down DNA repair mechanisms | University of Cambridge
Aldehydes are a class of chemicals made in our own bodies in small quantities but increasingly found everywhere in our environment. Exposure to these chemicals has previously been linked with cancer, but the reasons for the link remain unclear. New research led by Professor Ashok Venkitaraman, Director of the Medical Research Council Cancer Unit at the University of Cambridge, has used genetically-engineered human cells and cells from patients bearing a faulty copy of the breast cancer gene BRCA2 to identify the mechanism by which exposure to aldehydes could promote cancer.
https://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/common-class-of-chemicals-increase-cancer-risk-by-breaking-down-dna-repair-mechanisms
Aspalatone Prevents VEGF-Induced Lipid Peroxidation, Migration, Tube Formation, and Dysfunction of Human Aortic Endothelial...Aspalatone Prevents VEGF-Induced Lipid Peroxidation, Migration, Tube Formation, and Dysfunction of Human Aortic Endothelial...
Although aspalatone (acetylsalicylic acid maltol ester) is recognized as an antithrombotic agent with antioxidative and antiplatelet potential; its efficacy in preventing endothelial dysfunction is not known. In this study, we examined the antiangiogenic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effect of aspalatone in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Specifically, the effect of aspalatone on VEGF-induced HAECs growth, migration, tube formation, and levels of lipid peroxidation-derived malondialdehyde (MDA) was examined. Our results indicate that the treatment of HAECs with aspalatone decreased VEGF-induced cell migration, tube formation, and levels of MDA. Aspalatone also inhibited VEGF-induced decrease in the expression of eNOS and increase in the expression of iNOS, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1. Aspalatone also prevented the VEGF-induced adhesion of monocytes to endothelial cells. Furthermore, aspalatone also prevented VEGF-induced release of inflammatory markers such as Angiopoietin-2, Leptin, EGF, G-CSF,
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/omcl/2017/2769347/
Aldol Condensation ReactionAldol Condensation Reaction
The aldol condensation reaction is an organic reaction introduced by Charles Wurtz, who first prepared the β-hydroxy aldehyde from acetaldehdye in 1872.
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/technical-documents/technical-article/chemistry-and-synthesis/organic-reaction-toolbox/aldol-condensation-reaction
Aldol Reaction | MCAT Question of the DayAldol Reaction | MCAT Question of the Day
Correct Answer: B. 2. The Aldol reaction combines two carbonyl compounds to form a new ?-hydroxy carbonyl compound. These products are known as aldols, from the aldehyde + alcohol, a structural motif seen in many of the products. The correct answer is the Aldol reaction of acetone. The newly formed bond is highlighted in red. Be able to recognize the ?-hydroxy carbonyl motif as an Aldol product.. ...
https://mcatquestionoftheday.com/chemistry/aldol-reaction/
Solved Examples of Biomolecules - Revision notes for IIT JEE (Main and Advanced), NEET (AIPMT) | askIITiansSolved Examples of Biomolecules - Revision notes for IIT JEE (Main and Advanced), NEET (AIPMT) | askIITians
Here aldohexose reacts with one molecule of phenylhyrazine which condenses with the aldehyde group to give phenylhydrazone. When warmed with excess of phenyl hydrazine, the secondary alcoholic group adjacent to the aldehyde group is oxidised by another molecule of phenylhydrazine, to a ketonic group. With this ketonic group, the third molecule of phenylhydrazine condenses to give osazone. The phenylhydrazinyl group is transferred from osazone to C6H5CHO giving C6H5CH = N×NHC6H5 and a dicarbonyl compound called an osone. The more reactive aldehyde group of the osone is reduced, not the less reactive keto group and it gives the 2-ketohexose.. b) The configurations of these carbons which are unchanged in the reactions, must be identical in order to get the same osazone. Question:3, Why should isoelectric point for Aspartic acid (2.98) be so much lower than that of leucine?. Solution: This may be explained by considering following ion equilibria. ...
http://www.askiitians.com/revision-notes/chemistry/biomolecules/solved-examples-on-biomolecules.html
AldehydeAldehyde
... the aldehyde may be named by replacing the suffix -ic acid or -oic acid in this trivial name by -aldehyde. The word aldehyde ... Some aldehydes are substrates for aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes which metabolize aldehydes in the body. There are toxicities ... The aldehyde group is somewhat polar. The C=O bond length is about 120-122 picometers. Aldehydes have properties that are ... Aldehydes are common and play important roles in the technology and biological spheres. Aldehydes feature a carbon center that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehyde
Phenolic aldehydePhenolic aldehyde
Phenolic aldehydes are derivatives of phenol. Phenolic aldehydes can be found in wines and cognacs. Examples : ... doi:10.1002/14356007.a03_463 Determination of Phenolic Aldehydes in Cognacs and Wines by Capillary Electrophoresis: New Cognac ... Hydroxybenzaldehydes Protocatechuic aldehyde Vanillin and isovanillin 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzaldehyde can be isolated from ... 1014914701477 Health-Beneficial Phenolic Aldehyde in Antigonon leptopus Tea. Vanisree Mulabagal, Ruby L. Alexander-Lindo, David ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenolic_aldehyde
Protocatechuic aldehydeProtocatechuic aldehyde
... is a phenolic aldehyde, a compound released from cork stoppers into wine. This molecule can be used as ... Protocatechuic aldehyde regulates G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 (GPER-1) and exhibits protective effects in endothelial ... Rao SR, Ravishankar GA (January 2000). "Biotransformation of protocatechuic aldehyde and caffeic acid to vanillin and capsaicin ... "G protein-coupled estrogen receptor-1 is involved in the protective effect of protocatechuic aldehyde against endothelial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocatechuic_aldehyde
Coniferyl aldehydeConiferyl aldehyde
... coniferyl aldehyde is a precursor to sinapaldehyde via hydroxylation mediated by coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylase. Coniferyl ... Coniferyl aldehyde is an organic compound with the formula HO(CH3O)C6H3CH=CHCHO. It is a derivative of cinnamaldehyde, ... "Coniferyl aldehyde 5-hydroxylation and methylation direct syringyl lignin biosynthesis in angiosperms". Proceedings of the ... Conjugated aldehydes, Vinylogous carboxylic acids, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coniferyl_aldehyde
Zincke aldehydeZincke aldehyde
Zincke aldehydes, or 5-aminopenta-2,4-dienals, are the product of the reaction of a pyridinium salt with two equivalents of any ... Tryptamine-derived Zincke aldehydes are heated with strong base to give the rearranged enal as shown below. This reaction was ... One drawback of the Zincke Aldehyde synthesis is the need for 2 equivalents of the amine in the initial pyridine ring opening ... Also in 2009, the first reports of Zincke aldehydes undergoing a Pictet-Spengler reaction appeared from the group of Christian ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zincke_aldehyde
Fatty aldehydeFatty aldehyde
Fatty aldehydes are aliphatic, long-chain aldehydes which may be mono- or polyunsaturated. The fatty aldehydes include ... Fat aldehydes were also detected in the heart muscle of mammals. Fatty aldehydes can be prepared by dehydrogenation of fatty ... Many fatty aldehydes find use as a fragrance in perfume production. An example is 2-methylundecanal which is the typical odor ... Fatty aldehydes are a natural component of many natural ingredients such as the essential oils of various citrus fruits. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_aldehyde
Myristyl aldehydeMyristyl aldehyde
... , also known as tetradecanal, is a reduced form of myristic acid. It is naturally produced by bioluminescent ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myristyl_aldehyde
Cyclamen aldehydeCyclamen aldehyde
... is a fragrance molecule which has been used in soaps, detergents, lotions, and perfumes since the 1920s. It ... Cyclamen aldehyde is not naturally occurring and is prepared by the crossed-aldol condensation of cuminaldehyde and ... The Council of Europe (1970) included cyclamen aldehyde in the list of admissible artificial flavoring substances, at a level ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclamen_aldehyde
Aldehyde tagAldehyde tag
Limitations of aldehydes and ketones as chemical reporters are due to: competition with endogenous aldehydes or ketones in ... This compound is very reactive and easily hydrolyzed, releasing the aldehyde and a molecule of H2S, The aldehyde tag is a ... demonstrate the application of the aldehyde tag as a chemical conjugation site for glycans. The aldehyde tag sequence was ... including modern methods like stop codon suppression and the herein discussed aldehyde tag. Limiting the use of aldehydes and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehyde_tag
Caffeic aldehydeCaffeic aldehyde
... is a phenolic aldehyde contained in the seeds of Phytolacca americana (American pokeweed). Caffeic acid ... Conjugated aldehydes, Catechols, Vinylogous carboxylic acids, All stub articles, Aromatic compound stubs). ... Caffeyl alcohol Woo, Won-Sick; Kang, Sam-Sik (1979). "A New Phenolic Aldehyde from the Seeds of Phytolacca americana". Korean ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeic_aldehyde
Abscisic aldehydeAbscisic aldehyde
... is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of the plant hormone abscisic acid. It is produced by the ... Ram K. Sindhu, David H. Griffin and Daniel C. Walton (1990). "Abscisic Aldehyde Is an Intermediate in the Enzymatic Conversion ... "Abscisic aldehyde oxidase in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana". The Plant Journal. 23 (4): 481-488. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313x. ... "The Short-Chain Alcohol Dehydrogenase ABA2 Catalyzes the Conversion of Xanthoxin to Abscisic Aldehyde". The Plant Cell Online. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abscisic_aldehyde
Aldehyde dehydrogenaseAldehyde dehydrogenase
... s (EC 1.2.1.3) are a group of enzymes that catalyse the oxidation of aldehydes. They convert aldehydes (R ... Aldehyde dehydrogenase is a polymorphic enzyme responsible for the oxidation of aldehydes to carboxylic acids, which leave the ... The active site of a human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2. Cys302 and Glu268 interact with the aldehyde substrate. The ... Marchitti SA, Brocker C, Stagos D, Vasiliou V (June 2008). "Non-P450 aldehyde oxidizing enzymes: the aldehyde dehydrogenase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehyde_dehydrogenase
Aldehyde oxidaseAldehyde oxidase
AO catalyzes the conversion of an aldehyde in the presence of oxygen and water to an acid and hydrogen peroxide. an aldehyde + ... Aldehyde oxidase is very concentrated in the liver, where it oxidizes multiple aldehydes and nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds ... Aldehyde oxidase is a member of the molybdenum flavoprotein family and has a very complex evolutionary profile-as the genes of ... Aldehyde oxidase is thought to have a significant impact on pharmacokinetics. AO is capable of oxidizing many drugs in the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehyde_oxidase
Polyunsaturated aldehydePolyunsaturated aldehyde
T. rotula has been known to produce many types of polyunsaturated aldehydes, including (2E,4E/Z)-hepta-2,4-dienal, (2E,4E/Z,7Z ... Polyunsaturated aldehydes are oxylipins that are formed from lipids (specifically the fatty acid portion of lipids) when ... Polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs) are a group of allelopathic chemicals typically associated with diatom-copepod predator-prey ... These particular aldehydes are also produced by Stephanopyxis turris and Skeletonema costatum in response to wounding. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyunsaturated_aldehyde
Asymmetric addition of alkenylmetals to aldehydesAsymmetric addition of alkenylmetals to aldehydes
... has been widely used in total synthesis of natural product. For example, the ... Asymmetric addition of alkenylmetals to aldehydes is a chemical reaction in enantioselective synthesis that reacts an ... After transmetalation with diethylzinc, the generated alkenylzinc reagent (C) further reacted with the aldehyde (D) through ... alkenylmetal with an aldehyde to give an allyl alcohol (Figure "Asymmetric addition of alkenylmetals to aldehydes"). The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_addition_of_alkenylmetals_to_aldehydes
Betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenaseBetaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase
In enzymology, a betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction betaine aldehyde ... Other names in common use include betaine aldehyde oxidase, BADH, betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase, and BetB. This enzyme ... ROTHSCHILD HA, BARRON ES (1954). "The oxidation of betaine aldehyde by betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase". J. Biol. Chem. 209 (2 ... This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betaine-aldehyde_dehydrogenase
Stephen aldehyde synthesisStephen aldehyde synthesis
... , a named reaction in chemistry, was invented by Henry Stephen (OBE/MBE). This reaction involves the ... 1925). "A new synthesis of aldehydes". J. Chem. Soc., Trans. 127: 1874-1877. doi:10.1039/CT9252701874. Wang, Zerong (2009). ... from which an aldehyde (7) is formed. Substitutes that increase the electron density promote the formation of the aldimine-tin ... "Über eine neue Methode zur Umwandlung von Carbonsäuren in Aldehyde" [About a new method for converting carboxylic acids into ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_aldehyde_synthesis
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase, NAD-linked aldehyde dehydrogenase, propionaldehyde dehydrogenase, and aldehyde ... In enzymology, an aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+) (EC 1.2.1.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction an aldehyde + ... Other names in common use include CoA-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase, m-methylbenzaldehyde dehydrogenase, NAD-aldehyde ... This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehyde_dehydrogenase_(NAD )
Glycine betaine aldehydeGlycine betaine aldehyde
Betaine aldehyde is a substrate for choline dehydrogenase (mitochondrial). Glycine betaine aldehyde is a short chain aldehyde ... Glycine betaine aldehyde, often simply called betaine aldehyde, is an intermediate in the metabolism of glycine, serine and ... The human aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.3) stimulates the transformation of betaine aldehyde to glycine betaine. ... Glycine betaine aldehyde is a component of glycine, serine and threonine metabolism. It also serves as an osmolyte. It can be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine_betaine_aldehyde
Aldehyde deformylating oxygenaseAldehyde deformylating oxygenase
n-aldehyde + O2 + 2 NADPH + H+ → (n-1)-alkane + formate + H2O + 2 NADP+ Aldehyde deformylating oxygenases are found in ... Compared to other aldehyde decarbonylases, such as insect or plant aldehyde decarbonylase, cyanobacterial ADO is unusual in ... Short-chain aldehydes are also observed to be substrate inhibitors. Buer BC, Paul B, Das D, Stuckey JA, Marsh EN (November 2014 ... Aldehyde deformylating oxygenases (ADO) (EC 4.1.99.5) are a family of enzymes which catalyze the oxygenation of medium and long ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehyde_deformylating_oxygenase
Coniferyl-aldehyde dehydrogenaseConiferyl-aldehyde dehydrogenase
This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is coniferyl aldehyde:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase. Achterholt S, Priefert H, Steinbuchel A ... In enzymology, a coniferyl-aldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.68) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction coniferyl ... 2 H+ The 4 substrates of this enzyme are coniferyl aldehyde, H2O, NAD+, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are ferulate, NADH, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coniferyl-aldehyde_dehydrogenase
Wieland-Gumlich aldehydeWieland-Gumlich aldehyde
... which is in equilibrium with the Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde (6). The Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde reverts to strychnine in a single ... that should correctly be called Wieland-Kaziro aldehyde, but became known and accepted as Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde...") F. A. L ... The Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde has been used in the industrial synthesis of alcuronium chloride (Alloferin) via dimerization. ... The so-called Wieland-Gumlich aldehyde (6) is an indoline derived by chemical degradation from strychnine. This compound is of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wieland-Gumlich_aldehyde
Grundmann aldehyde synthesisGrundmann aldehyde synthesis
The Grundmann aldehyde synthesis is a chemical reaction that produces an aldehyde from an acyl halide. Because of the Rosenmund ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grundmann_aldehyde_synthesis
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+)
In enzymology, an aldehyde dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.2.1.4) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction an aldehyde + ... Other names in common use include NADP+-acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, NADP+-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase, and aldehyde ... This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with NAD+ ... Adachi O, Matsushita K, Shinagawa E, Ameyama M (1980). "Crystallization and properties of NADP-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehyde_dehydrogenase_(NADP )
Aryl-aldehyde oxidaseAryl-aldehyde oxidase
In enzymology, an aryl-aldehyde oxidase (EC 1.2.3.9) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction an aromatic aldehyde + ... This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is aryl-aldehyde:oxygen oxidoreductase. Crawford DL, Sutherland JB, Pometto AL, Miller ... H2O2 The 3 substrates of this enzyme are aromatic aldehyde, O2, and H2O, whereas its two products are aromatic carboxylic acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryl-aldehyde_oxidase
Abscisic-aldehyde oxidaseAbscisic-aldehyde oxidase
In enzymology, an abscisic-aldehyde oxidase (EC 1.2.3.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction abscisic aldehyde ... Seo M, Koiwai H, Akaba S, Komano T, Oritani T, Kamiya Y, Koshiba T (2000). "Abscisic aldehyde oxidase in leaves of Arabidopsis ... This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductases, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with ... Sagi M, Fluhr R, Lips SH (1999). "Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase in a flacca tomato mutant with deficient abscisic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abscisic-aldehyde_oxidase
Reactive aldehyde speciesReactive aldehyde species
... (RASP), also known as reactive aldehydes, refer to a class of electrophilic organic aldehyde ... RASP are metabolized by aldehyde dehydrogenases or aldehyde reductases. Due to the toxicity of RASP, only a small number of ... Wood, Paul L.; Khan, M. Amin; Moskal, Joseph R. (2007-05-11). "The concept of "aldehyde load" in neurodegenerative mechanisms: ... Fritz, Kristofer S.; Petersen, Dennis R. (2013-06-01). "An overview of the chemistry and biology of reactive aldehydes". Free ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactive_aldehyde_species
Aldehyde oxidase 1Aldehyde oxidase 1
... is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AOX1 gene. Aldehyde oxidase produces hydrogen peroxide and, ... "Entrez Gene: aldehyde oxidase 1". Berger R, Mezey E, Clancy KP, Harta G, Wright RM, Repine JE, Brown RH, Brownstein M, ... 2007). "Human aldehyde oxidase 1 interacts with ATP-binding cassette transporter-1 and modulates its activity in hepatocytes". ... Aldehyde oxidase is a candidate gene for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. MOCOS GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000138356 - ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehyde_oxidase_1
Bouveault aldehyde synthesisBouveault aldehyde synthesis
The Bouveault aldehyde synthesis (also known as the Bouveault reaction) is a one-pot substitution reaction that replaces an ... The Bouveault aldehyde synthesis is an example of a formylation reaction, and is named for French scientist Louis Bouveault. ... The first step of the Bouveault aldehyde synthesis is the formation of the Grignard reagent. Upon addition of a N,N- ... Bodroux-Chichibabin aldehyde synthesis Bouveault-Blanc reduction Duff reaction Louis Bouveault (1904). "Modes de formation et ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouveault_aldehyde_synthesis
Aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductaseAldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase
In enzymology, an aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.7.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction an aldehyde ... Its primary role is to oxidize aldehyde coming derived from the metabolism of amino acids and glucoses. Aldehyde Ferredoxin ... AOR has been proposed to be the primary enzyme responsible for oxidising the aldehydes that are produced by the 2-keto acid ... In the catalytic cycle, W(VI) (tungsten "six") converts to W(IV) concomitant with oxidation of the aldehyde to a carboxylic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldehyde_ferredoxin_oxidoreductase
Carcinogenicity of Acetaldehyde & Malonaldehyde & Mutagenicity of Related Low-Molecular-Weight Aldehydes | NIOSH | CDCCarcinogenicity of Acetaldehyde & Malonaldehyde & Mutagenicity of Related Low-Molecular-Weight Aldehydes | NIOSH | CDC
Ingestion: If an aldehyde or a solution containing an aldehyde is ingested, give the victim several glum of water to drink, dim ... Mutagenicity and Toxicity of Nine Low-Molecular-Weight Aldehydes. Aldehyde. Health effects. Organism. Exposure route. ... Eye exposure: If an aldehyde or a solution containing an aldehyde gets into the eyes, immediately flush them with large amounts ... Although formaldehyde is also a low-molecular-weight aldehyde similar to the aldehydes discussed in this CIB, it was not ...
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/91-112/default.html
γ-Campholene aldehydeγ-Campholene aldehyde
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=R616547
DODECANAL ( ALDEHYDE C12)
Dodecyl aldehyde; Lauraldehyde; Aldehyde C12; Lauric aldehyde; Aldehyde C-12 lauric; Lauryl aldehyde; C12 aldehyde; ... Dodecanaldehyde; Duodecylic aldehyde; Lauraldehyde; n-Dodecanal; 1-Dodecanal; n-Dodecyl aldehyde; n-Lauraldehyde; ...
http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/perchem/DODECANAL.htm
JECFA Evaluations-LAURIC ALDEHYDEJECFA Evaluations-LAURIC ALDEHYDE
1997, TRS 884-JECFA 49/29, COMPENDIUM ADDENDUM 5/FNP 52 Add.5/216, FAS 40-JECFA 49/147. ACCEPTABLE (NO SAFETY CONCERN AT CURRENT LEVELS OF INTAKE WHEN USED AS A FLAVOURING AGENT). AC. N ...
https://inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jeceval/jec_1257.htm
Rhodium/phosphoramidite-catalyzed asymmetric arylation of aldehydes with arylboronic acids - Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry ...Rhodium/phosphoramidite-catalyzed asymmetric arylation of aldehydes with arylboronic acids - Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry ...
Phosphoramidites are effective chiral ligands in the rhodium catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to aldehydes providing up ... aldehydes. with arylboronic acids R. B. C. Jagt, P. Y. Toullec, J. G. de Vries, B. L. Feringa and A. J. Minnaard, Org. Biomol. ... Rhodium/phosphoramidite-catalyzed asymmetric arylation of aldehydes with arylboronic acids† Richard B. C. Jagt,a Patrick Y. ... aldehydes. providing up to 75% enantioselectivity and up to 96% isolated yield. ...
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2006/OB/b518311a
JCI - Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 defines and protects a nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron subpopulationJCI - Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 defines and protects a nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron subpopulation
Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition as a pathogenic mechanism in Parkinson disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013;110(2):636-641 ... Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 defines and protects a nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuron subpopulation. Guoxiang Liu,1 Jia Yu,1 Jinhui ... Functional significance of aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH1A1 to the nigrostriatal dopamine system. Brain Res. 2011;1408:81-87. ... In rodent SNpc, DA neurons can be divided into two subpopulations based on the expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1A1 ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/72176
Method and apparatus for the preparation of aldehydes - Patent US-6482991-B2 - PubChemMethod and apparatus for the preparation of aldehydes - Patent US-6482991-B2 - PubChem
US-6482991-B2 chemical patent summary.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/patent/US-6482991-B2
Aldehyde leather - CAMEOAldehyde leather - CAMEO
Leather tanned with the use of aldehydes, such as Formaldehyde. Aldehydes react with the proteins in a hide to form insoluble, ... Retrieved from "https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Aldehyde_leather&oldid=79121" ...
https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Aldehyde_leather&oldid=79121
Aldehyde Resin Ingredient & Chemical Distributor | RedoxAldehyde Resin Ingredient & Chemical Distributor | Redox
Aldehyde Resin. About Aldehyde Resin. Enquire Now. Our team of experts are at the ready. Fill out the form below and we will be ...
https://redox.com/products/aldehyde-resin/
GC/MS Analysis of Long-Chain Aldehydes from Recent CoralGC/MS Analysis of Long-Chain Aldehydes from Recent Coral
To date, aldehydes have not been used as environmental proxies. In this study, long-chain aldehydes detected from coral ... After assessing the difference in the retention time between the aldehydes and fatty acids methyl ester, the aldehydes were ... A molecular ion (M+) with greater than 23 carbon atoms was detected from long-chain aldehydes. The base peak was observed at m/ ... Hence, the peak corresponding to the aldehyde in the GC chromatogram is buried with that corresponding to the ester, possibly ...
https://file.scirp.org/Html/4-2201651_81835.htm
Sheep liver cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase: the structure reveals the basis for the retinal specificity of class 1 aldehyde...Sheep liver cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase: the structure reveals the basis for the retinal specificity of class 1 aldehyde...
Sheep liver cytosolic aldehyde dehydrogenase: the structure reveals the basis for the retinal specificity of class 1 aldehyde ... Background: . Enzymes of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family are required for the clearance of potentially toxic aldehydes, and ... The cytosolic, or class 1, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1) of higher vertebrates has an enhanced specificity for all-trans ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9862807/
RCSB PDB - 1RHM: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF CASPASE-3 WITH A NICOTINIC ACID ALDEHYDE INHIBITORRCSB PDB - 1RHM: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF CASPASE-3 WITH A NICOTINIC ACID ALDEHYDE INHIBITOR
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF CASPASE-3 WITH A NICOTINIC ACID ALDEHYDE INHIBITOR ... CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF CASPASE-3 WITH A NICOTINIC ACID ALDEHYDE INHIBITOR. *PDB DOI: 10.2210/pdb1RHM/pdb ... In addition, we have found that two nicotinic acid aldehydes induce a significant conformational change in the S2 and S3 ...
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1rhm
Blogdorf Goodman: 40 Days and 40 Nights of Fragrance Notes: AldehydesBlogdorf Goodman: 40 Days and 40 Nights of Fragrance Notes: Aldehydes
I like aldehydes...just not in an overly floral fragrance. The few aldehyde florals that I like are No. 22, No 5 sensual elixir ... Aldehydes are common in organic chemistry. Many fragrances are aldehydes.". Science and math are not my strong subjects. My ... Today we are going to discuss Aldehydes.. Here is the definition straight from wikipedia:. "Aldehyde is an organic compound ... Chanel No.22 is considered "the godfather" of all aldehyde fragrances. It is chock full of light and shimmer.. Great Aldehyde ...
http://blogdorfgoodman.blogspot.com/2011/04/40-days-and-40-nights-of-fragrance_25.html
WikiGenes - ALDH1B1 - aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member B1WikiGenes - ALDH1B1 - aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member B1
Synonyms: ALDH5, ALDHX, Aldehyde dehydrogenase 5, Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial, Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 ... Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozymes in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica): tissue and subcellular ... Diverse polymorphism within a short coding region of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase-5 (ALDH5) gene. Sherman, D., Davé, V., ... Molecular genetics of human aldehyde dehydrogenase. Yoshida, A. Pharmacogenetics (1992) [Pubmed]. *Assignment of ALDH3 to human ...
https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/219.html
radiello™ Cartridge Adsorbents for sampling Aldehydes, matrix SS net with 2,4-DNPH coated FLORISIL®, pk of 20 | Sigma-Aldrichradiello™ Cartridge Adsorbents for sampling Aldehydes, matrix SS net with 2,4-DNPH coated FLORISIL®, pk of 20 | Sigma-Aldrich
Cartridge Adsorbents for sampling Aldehydes, matrix SS net with 2,4-DNPH coated FLORISIL®, pk of 20; find -RAD165 MSDS, related ... for sampling Aldehydes, matrix SS net with 2,4-DNPH coated FLORISIL®, pk of 20. ...
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/DE/en/product/supelco/rad165
Ring-Chain Tautomerism of the Condensation Products of 2-Mercaptobenzohydrazide with Aliphatic and Aromatic Aldehydes:...Ring-Chain Tautomerism of the Condensation Products of 2-Mercaptobenzohydrazide with Aliphatic and Aromatic Aldehydes:...
Growing bulk of the alkyl substituent at the C=N bond of the aliphatic aldehydes derivatives decreases the fraction of the ... In the series of the aromatic aldehydes 2-mercaptobenzoylhydrazones the linear tautomer prevails, and the logarithms of the ... It has been shown by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy that 2-mercaptobenzoyl-hydrazones of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes exist in ... Formic Aldehyde 2-Mercaptobenzoylhydrazone (2a). Yield 54%, m.p. 201˚ - 203° (acetonitrile) (m.p. [22] 203˚ - 206˚). 1Н-NMR ...
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=76148
Mouse Aldehyde Oxidase 3 (AOX3) Protein (His tag), Recombinant | ABIN3131204Mouse Aldehyde Oxidase 3 (AOX3) Protein (His tag), Recombinant | ABIN3131204
Recombinant Aldehyde Oxidase 3 (AOX3) Protein (His tag). Species: Mouse. Source: Insect Cells. Order product ABIN3131204. ... Aox3 (AOX3) (Aldehyde Oxidase 3 (AOX3)) Alternative Name Aox3 Synonyms Aoh1, Aoh2, AI326299, 1200011D03Rik, aldehyde oxidase 3 ... Aox3 (AOX3) (Aldehyde Oxidase 3 (AOX3)) Protein Type Recombinant Protein Characteristics AA 1-1335 Origin Mouse Source Insect ... Aox3 Protein (Aldehyde Oxidase 3) (AA 1-1335) (His tag). Crystallography grade AOX3 Origin: Mouse Host: Insect Cells ...
https://www.antibodies-online.com/protein/3131204/Aldehyde+Oxidase+3+AOX3+AA+1-1335+protein+His+tag/
Chemotyp Aldehyde - Huiles & SensChemotyp Aldehyde - Huiles & Sens
Our webstore uses cookies to offer a better user experience and we consider that you are accepting their use if you keep browsing the website. ...
https://www.huiles-et-sens.com/de/287-aldehyde-chemotypes
MG-132: peptide aldehyde - 26S proteasome inhibitor, suppressor of NF-κB activationMG-132: peptide aldehyde - 26S proteasome inhibitor, suppressor of NF-κB activation
Autophagy activator MG-132 is a peptide aldehyde that selectively blocks the proteolytic activity of the 26S proteasome. ... MG-132 is a peptide aldehyde (Z-Leu-Leu-Leu-al) that selectively blocks the proteolytic activity of the 26S proteasome. The 26S ...
https://www.invivogen.com/mg-132
A One-Pot Parallel Reductive Amination of Aldehydes with Heteroaromatic Amines - EnamineA One-Pot Parallel Reductive Amination of Aldehydes with Heteroaromatic Amines - Enamine
A One-Pot Parallel Reductive Amination of Aldehydes with Heteroaromatic Amines. ACS Comb. Sci. , 2014, 16 (8), 375-380 ...
https://enamine.net/publications/447-a-one-pot-parallel-reductive-amination-of-aldehydes-with-heteroaromatic-amines
Customs Duty In India On , :HELIOTROPIN (PIPERONYL ALDEHYDE) | Duty Calculator Of 29124920,Customs Duty In India On , :HELIOTROPIN (PIPERONYL ALDEHYDE) | Duty Calculator Of 29124920,
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https://www.cybex.in/indian-custom-duty/heliotropin-piperonyl-aldehyde--duty-calculator-29124920.aspx
Catalysis in flow: the practical and selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones | ThalesNanoCatalysis in flow: the practical and selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones | ThalesNano
Catalysis in flow: the practical and selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones. 23/11/2018 ... Catalysis in flow: the practical and selective aerobic oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones ...
https://thalesnano.com/post_publication/catalysis-in-flow-the-practical-and-selective-aerobic-oxidation-of-alcohols-to-aldehydes-and-ketones/
Synthesis and characterisation of methine dyes derived from condensation of 4‐nitrophenylacetonitrile with aromatic aldehydes,...Synthesis and characterisation of methine dyes derived from condensation of 4‐nitrophenylacetonitrile with aromatic aldehydes,...
It was found that in general, substituents on the aromatic aldehyde moiety had a significant effect on the visible absorption ... It was found that in general, substituents on the aromatic aldehyde moiety had a significant effect on the visible absorption ... It was found that in general, substituents on the aromatic aldehyde moiety had a significant effect on the visible absorption ... Synthesis and characterisation of methine dyes derived from condensation of 4‐nitrophenylacetonitrile with aromatic aldehydes. ...
https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/emerald-publishing/synthesis-and-characterisation-of-methine-dyes-derived-from-Yjvoiw9wfq?key=emerald
Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition blocks mucosal fibrosis in human and mouse ocular scarring - UCL...Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition blocks mucosal fibrosis in human and mouse ocular scarring - UCL...
Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition blocks mucosal fibrosis in human and mouse ocular scarring. Journal of Clinical Investigation ... Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family 1 is upregulated in both ocular MMP (OMMP) conjunctiva and cultured fibroblasts. ... Human, mouse, fibrosis, mucosa, mucous membrane pemphigoid, aldehyde dehydrogenase, disulfiram. UCL classification:. UCL. UCL ... Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition blocks mucosal fibrosis in human and mouse ocular scarring ...
https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/1507974/
US Patent for Methods for reducing aldehyde emissions in polyurethane foams Patent (Patent # 11,453,742 issued September 27,...US Patent for Methods for reducing aldehyde emissions in polyurethane foams Patent (Patent # 11,453,742 issued September 27,...
... and certain aldehyde-suppressing additives. Foams so produced emit low levels of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde ... Results of the aldehyde measurements are indicated in Table 2.. TABLE 2 Comp. A* Ex. 1 Additives 0.5% IRGONOX 1135 0.5% IRGONOX ... Total Aldehydes, 294-3221 272 304 216 μg/m3 *Not an example of this invention. 1Range from duplicate experiments. ... The concentration of the aldehyde-DNPH derivative in the sample solution is calculated as follows:. Concentration. ⁢. ⁢. of. ⁢ ...
https://patents.justia.com/patent/11453742
A Proteomic Grade Non-Ionic Detergent with Ultra Low Aldehyde and Peroxide Concentrations | Brij 58 | G-BiosciencesA Proteomic Grade Non-Ionic Detergent with Ultra Low Aldehyde and Peroxide Concentrations | Brij 58 | G-Biosciences
Brij 58, brij58, non ionic detergent
https://www.gbiosciences.com/Brij-58
Immunohistochemical expression of putative cancer stem cell markers aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, SOX2, CD44 and OCT4 in different...Immunohistochemical expression of putative cancer stem cell markers aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, SOX2, CD44 and OCT4 in different...
Comparison of mean final score of expression of CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, OCT4 and SOX2 in different grades of oral ... Pattern of expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase 11, CD44, SOX2 and OCT4 in varying grades of oral epithelial dysplasia. ... Percentage expression of CD44, aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, OCT4 and SOX2 in oral epithelial dysplasia and normal mucosa. The ... Identification of human aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1 as a novel CD8þ T-cell-defined tumor antigen in squamous cell ...
https://www.jomfp.in/article.asp?issn=0973-029X
Imine Reductase-Catalyzed Intermolecular Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones
... Scheller PN, Lenz M, Hammer S, Hauer B, ... P.N. Scheller, et al., "Imine Reductase-Catalyzed Intermolecular Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones", ChemCatChem, ... Imine Reductase-Catalyzed Intermolecular Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones. ChemCatChem, 7(20), p 3239-3242. ... Imine Reductase-Catalyzed Intermolecular Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones. ChemCatChem. 2015;7(20):3239-3242. ...
https://pub.uni-bielefeld.de/record/2949723
Investigations on the characteristics of BSA-lipid oxidation product interactions: role of three dien-aldehyde with different...Investigations on the characteristics of BSA-lipid oxidation product interactions: role of three dien-aldehyde with different...
The characteristics of bovine serum albumin (BSA) incubated with three dien-aldehydes (trans, trans-2,4-heptadienal, t ... Protein modification by aldehydes has been generally associated with aging and onset of various chronic and cardiovascular ... Moreover, the three aldehydes used in this experiment caused BSAs to form yellowish-brown adducts and fluorescent lipofuscin. ... Protein modification by aldehydes has been generally associated with aging and onset of various chronic and cardiovascular ...
https://www.authorea.com/doi/full/10.22541/au.158359576.69216994
Investigations on the development of a polarographic method for determining aldehyde and ketone carbonyl groups in products...Investigations on the development of a polarographic method for determining aldehyde and ketone carbonyl groups in products...
Investigations on the development of a polarographic method for determining aldehyde and ketone carbonyl groups in products ...
https://openagricola.nal.usda.gov/catalog/CAT70297486
AlcoholsAromaticALDHReductive Amination of AldehydesEpoxides and PeroxidesSynthesisCarbonylMitochondrialDehydrogenasesAliphatic aldehydesDehydrogenase inhibitionALDH1AcroleinFormaldehydeReactiveEstersProteinCarbonReductaseCarcinogenicAdductsGeneAlcoholHindered amineReactionProteinsReductionCompoundsMetabolicChemistryLiverAminesEnantioselectivityOrganicDeficiencyDerivativesAldolAcetaldehydeNitroalkanesMolecular
Alcohols7
  • Rejection of eight aldehydes, eight ketones, five secondary alcohols, and 3-pentanol has been studied in the blowfly Phormia regina Meigen. (rupress.org)
  • The order of increasing effectiveness among the different species of compounds thus far investigated is the following: polyglycols, diols, secondary alcohols, iso -alcohols, normal alcohols, ketones, iso -aldehydes, normal aldehydes. (rupress.org)
  • Curves relating the logarithms of threshold concentration to the logarithms of chain length for diols, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones show inflections in the 3 to 6 carbon range. (rupress.org)
  • While we learned to synthesize alcohols by reacting Grignard reagents with aldehydes and ketones, organocuprates will not react with aldehydes and ketones. (katabox.com)
  • However, estimated exposure to other oxygenated solvents such as aliphatic alcohols, ketones, esters and aldehydes, in our study population is unknown. (cdc.gov)
  • It consists predominantly of C6 olefins and paraffins and C9 alcohols and aldehydes and boiling in the range of approximately 110°C to 202°C (230°F to 396°F). (europa.eu)
  • The low-volatility organic compounds potentially arising from the ozonolysis of citral, including aldehydes (-C(=O)H), ketones (-C(=O)-), alcohols (-OH), and hydroperoxides (-OOH), can form SOA through the nucleation, condensation, and/or partitioning of the condensed and gaseous phases. (aaqr.org)
Aromatic9
  • It has been shown by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy that 2-mercaptobenzoyl-hydrazones of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes exist in solution as tautomeric mixtures of linear and cyclic benzo-1,3,4-thiadiazepine forms. (scirp.org)
  • In the series of the aromatic aldehydes 2-mercaptobenzoylhydrazones the linear tautomer prevails, and the logarithms of the tautomeric equilibrium constants K T correlate with the σ-constants of the substituents in the aromatic nucleus. (scirp.org)
  • Tautomerism of 2-mercaptobenzoylhydrazones of aromatic aldehydes 3a-3h. (scirp.org)
  • Oxidase with broad substrate specificity, oxidizing aromatic azaheterocycles, such as N1-methylnicotinamide and phthalazine, as well as aldehydes, such as benzaldehyde, retinal and pyridoxal. (antibodies-online.com)
  • It was found that in general, substituents on the aromatic aldehyde moiety had a significant effect on the visible absorption maxima of the dyes. (deepdyve.com)
  • Polyurethane foams are made by curing a reaction mixture that contains an aromatic polyisocyanate, at least one isocyanate-reactive material having an average functionality of at least 2 and an equivalent weight of at least 200 per isocyanate-reactive group, at least one blowing agent, at least one surfactant, at least one catalyst, and certain aldehyde-suppressing additives. (justia.com)
  • Laboratoire de Chimie Médicinale et des Produits Naturels, Université Libanaise, Campus Universitaire Rafic Hariri Hadath, Faculte des Sciences, 4eme étage, Beirut, Lebanon Herein we report the reduction of aromatic nitriles into aldehydes with calcium hypophosphite in the presence of base and nickel(II) complex in a water/ethanol mixture. (katabox.com)
  • Firefighters' breathing zone concentrations (BZCs) of aromatic hydrocarbons, aldehydes, isocyanates, and carbon monoxide were measured during the suppression of three vehicle fires. (cdc.gov)
  • The team used different aromatic aldehydes and a range of substituted benzamides as substrates, ReBr(CO) 5 as the catalyst, Me 2 Zn and ZnBr 2 as additives, and 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME) as the solvent. (chemistryviews.org)
ALDH4
  • Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozymes in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica): tissue and subcellular distribution and biochemical genetics of ALDH3. (wikigenes.org)
  • Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) family 1 is upregulated in both ocular MMP (OMMP) conjunctiva and cultured fibroblasts. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Recent studies suggest that corneal cells express high levels of so-called corneal crystallins, such as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) and transketolase (TKT) that contribute to maintaining cellular transparency. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • Via reselecting cells with high aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, a cytosolic detoxification enzyme highly expressed in progenitors [4], the authors now show that reselected UCB-HPCs may represent an improved therapeutic option. (stemcellsportal.com)
Reductive Amination of Aldehydes1
  • This review deals with two of the most commonly used methods for the preparation of amines: the reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones and the hydrogenation of nitriles. (katabox.com)
Epoxides and Peroxides2
  • Allyl compounds, aldehydes, epoxides and peroxides / this publication represents the views and expert opinions of an IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of the Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Humans which met in Lyon, 19-26 June 1984. (who.int)
  • An expert evaluation of all published data useful in determining the carcinogenic risk posed by 14 allyl compounds, aldehydes, epoxides and peroxides. (who.int)
Synthesis5
  • HA-Aldehyde with lower or higher aldehyde substitution ratio (e.g. 1% and 10%) is available through custom synthesis service. (creativepegworks.com)
  • Stereocontrolled synthesis of polyketide libraries: Boron-mediated aldol reactions with aldehydes on solid support / C.M.A. Gennari, S. Ceccarelli, U. Piarulli, K. Aboutayab, M. Donghi, I. Paterson. (unimi.it)
  • 5 Moreover, the projected benzyl iodide synthesis from aryl aldehyde involves two steps, proceeds via the intermediacy of benzyl alcohol. (kpubs.org)
  • Aldehydes are important intermediates in organic synthesis due to their reactivity. (katabox.com)
  • Stephen aldehyde synthesis, a named reaction in chemistry, was invented by Henry Stephen (OBE/MBE).This reaction involves the preparation of aldehydes (R-CHO) from nitriles (R-CN) using tin(II) chloride (SnCl 2), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and quenching the resulting iminium salt ([R-CH=NH 2] + Cl −) with water (H 2 O). Watch the recordings here on Youtube! (katabox.com)
Carbonyl3
  • Aldehydes differ from ketones in that the carbonyl is placed at the end of a carbon skeleton rather than between two carbon atoms. (blogspot.com)
  • The results were as follows: loss of the amino group and increased carbonyl value were indicative of BSA side chain damage by these three unsaturated aldehydes. (authorea.com)
  • In the presence of a strong base, the ester loses an α-hydrogen to give a negatively charged carbon that then adds to the carbonyl carbon of an aldehyde. (britannica.com)
Mitochondrial1
  • Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) serves as a key line of defense against most reactive aldehydes, including lipid aldehydes (e.g., 4-HNE) and chloroacetaldehyde (VC metabolite). (louisville.edu)
Dehydrogenases2
  • Identification of human liver aldehyde dehydrogenases that catalyze the oxidation of aldophosphamide and retinaldehyde. (wikigenes.org)
  • Aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHEs) are bifunctional enzymes that commonly produce ethanol from acetyl-CoA with acetaldehyde as intermediate, and play a key role in anaerobic redox balance in many fermenting bacteria. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
Aliphatic aldehydes1
  • Tautomerism of 2-mercaptobenzoylhydrazones of aliphatic aldehydes 2a-2h. (scirp.org)
Dehydrogenase inhibition1
  • benznidazole increases toxicity of ethanol by aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibition. (medscape.com)
ALDH13
  • The cytosolic, or class 1, aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH1) of higher vertebrates has an enhanced specificity for all-trans retinal, oxidising it to the powerful differentiation factor all-trans retinoic acid. (nih.gov)
  • The hypothesized existence of cancer stem cells (CSC) and its markers aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), CD44, SOX2 and OCT4 in oral dysplastic tissues provides the potential for a more reliable assessment of malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). (jomfp.in)
  • This study also aimed to assess the expression of ALDH1 (aldehyde dehydrogenase 1) enzyme activity on the isolated cells. (bvsalud.org)
Acrolein1
  • Acrolein is a reactive aldehyde. (who.int)
Formaldehyde3
  • Thus NIOSH is also concerned about occupational exposure to these nine aldehydes because they (in addition to acetaldehyde and malonaldehyde) may be used as substitutes for formaldehyde, a regulated carcinogen [ Title 29 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 1910.1048 ]. (cdc.gov)
  • Leather tanned with the use of aldehydes, such as Formaldehyde . (mfa.org)
  • These polyurethanes often emit varying levels of aldehydes such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and propionaldehyde. (justia.com)
Reactive1
  • Lipid peroxidation varieties reactive aldehydes similar to malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4- HNE) as pure bi-products. (biorag.org)
Esters3
  • The retention time of the long-chain aldehydes and fatty acid methyl esters slightly overlapped. (scirp.org)
  • Despite their similarities with ketones and esters, aldehydes are not employed as effective proxy biomarkers. (scirp.org)
  • A detailed mechanism illustrating the conversion of a nitrile to an aldehyde using diisobutyl aluminum hydride (DIBAL-H). Please enable JavaScript The reduction of acyl chlorides, esters, and nitriles. (katabox.com)
Protein8
  • Protein modification by aldehydes has been generally associated with aging and onset of various chronic and cardiovascular diseases. (authorea.com)
  • Changes in intrinsic fluorescence and surface hydrophobic value of BSAs indicated that aldehydes modified protein structures of BSAs. (authorea.com)
  • Strong correlations were observed between formation of protein-bound carbonyls, the retention ratio of free amino content, maximum UV-Vis absorption value, and concentration of aldehydes. (authorea.com)
  • AOX1 (Aldehyde oxidase 1) is a 1338 amino acid cytoplasmic protein that catalyzes the oxidation of a variety of aldehydes, leading to the production of hydrogen peroxide. (fishersci.no)
  • This analytical method quantifies trace levels of 12 aldehydes from protein adducts in human serum. (cdc.gov)
  • Because aldehydes have the tendency to react with biological molecules to form various products, including Schiff base protein adducts, free aldehydes released into the headspace of biological samples from the Schiff base protein adducts at low pH (~3) are analyzed. (cdc.gov)
  • Our study demonstrates that the bioactive compound, Protocatechuic aldehyde , synergistically promotes the cytotoxicity of DTIC to melanoma cells through destabilization of MGMT protein . (bvsalud.org)
  • The technology employs natural post translational modifications found in human cells to site specifically create one or more aldehyde tags on protein molecules. (catalent.com)
Carbon3
  • A molecular ion (M + ) with greater than 23 carbon atoms was detected from long-chain aldehydes. (scirp.org)
  • The M-18 ion, which was formed by the loss of H 2 O, as well as M-46 or M-84 ions, was characteristic ions observed for long-chain aldehydes of the number of all carbon. (scirp.org)
  • Two different behaviors were found, while the presence in the microemulsion of short chains aldehydes implies a decrease in the percolation temperature, aldehydes with 4 or 5 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain increase the percolation threshold. (blogspot.com)
Reductase5
  • Immunochemical characterizations of aldose reductase and aldehyde reductases I and II, partially purified by DEAE-cellulose (DE-52) column chromatography from human tissues, were carried out by immunotitration, using antisera raised against the homogenous preparations of human and bovine lens aldose reductase and human placenta aldehyde reductase I and aldehyde reductase II. (utmb.edu)
  • Anti-aldose reductase antiserum cross-reacted with aldehyde reductase I, anti-aldehyde reductase I antiserum cross-reacted with aldose reductase and anti-aldehyde reductase II antiserum precipitated aldehyde reductase II, but did not cross-react with aldose reductase or aldehyde reductase I from all the tissues examined. (utmb.edu)
  • Monospecific anti-α and anti-β antisera were purified from placenta anti-aldehyde reductase I antiserum, using immunoaffinity techniques. (utmb.edu)
  • Anti-α antiserum precipitated both aldehyde reductase I and aldose reductase, whereas anti-β antibodies cross-reacted with only aldehyde reductase I. Based on these studies, a three gene loci model is proposed to explain the genetic interrelationships among these enzymes. (utmb.edu)
  • Aldose reductase is a monomer of α subunits, aldehyde reductase I is a dimer of α and β subunits and aldehyde reductase II is a monomer of δ subunits. (utmb.edu)
Carcinogenic1
  • The carcinogenic potential of the nine related low-molecular-weight aldehydes has not been adequately evaluated by appropriate experimentation. (cdc.gov)
Adducts3
  • Moreover, the three aldehydes used in this experiment caused BSAs to form yellowish-brown adducts and fluorescent lipofuscin. (authorea.com)
  • The heptadienal-BSA adducts exhibited increased ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorbance at 270-280 nm and 300-400 nm, similar to the two other aldehyde-BSA adducts. (authorea.com)
  • The method reproducibly hydrolyzes aldehyde adducts covalently bound to proteins, using automation to individually incubate samples prior to analysis with hydrochloric acid (Yeo 2004). (cdc.gov)
Gene4
  • Diverse polymorphism within a short coding region of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase-5 (ALDH5) gene. (wikigenes.org)
  • Sjogren-Larsson syndrome is caused by mutations in the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase gene. (medscape.com)
  • Rizzo WB, Carney G. Sjogren-Larsson syndrome: diversity of mutations and polymorphisms in the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ALDH3A2). (medscape.com)
  • Mutations in the ALDH3A2 gene (17p11.2) are responsible for this autosomal recessive disorder resulting in a deficiency of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. (arizona.edu)
Alcohol2
  • Deficient activity of the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase component of fatty alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase in cultured fibroblasts. (medscape.com)
  • Genetic variations of aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 and alcohol dehydrogenase 1B are associated with the etiology of atrial fibrillation in Japanese. (cdc.gov)
Hindered amine1
  • In the polyurethane field, there is, for example, WO 2006/111492, which describes adding antioxidants and hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) to polyols to reduce aldehydes. (justia.com)
Reaction3
  • Reaction conditions have been optimized, and low temperature (-20 °C) was found to be a key for the successful α-aminoxylation of aldehydes, while slow addition of nitrosobenzene is essential for that of ketones. (elsevier.com)
  • Benzamides, for example, are commonly used in C-H bond activation reactions, but only a few examples of this type of reaction between benzamides and aldehydes had been reported so far. (chemistryviews.org)
  • This direct aza-Henry reaction presents as interesting features its validity for both nonenolizable and enolizable aldehyde-derived azomethines and the tolerance of nitroalkanes, other than nitromethane, for the production of β-nitroamines. (uzh.ch)
Proteins1
  • Aldehydes react with the proteins in a hide to form insoluble, stable compounds that are resistant to putrefaction. (mfa.org)
Reduction2
  • This combination provides some improvement, but a greater reduction of aldehyde emissions is wanted. (justia.com)
  • Because the hydrolytic workup generates the aldehyde at the end, the nitrile does not undergo over-reduction. (katabox.com)
Compounds5
  • The main objective of this study is to present the chromatograms and mass spectra of aldehydes so that geochemists could easily identify these compounds in sediment samples. (scirp.org)
  • Aldehydes are rare compounds found in the surface environment, particularly in sediments. (scirp.org)
  • Few studies have reported the presence of long-chain aldehydes compared to other compounds in sediment surface samples. (scirp.org)
  • Compounds 2a-2h and 3a-3h were obtained in 55% - 90% yield after briefly maintaining equimolar quantities of 2-mercaptobenzoic acid hydrazide 1 and the appropriate aldehyde during 10 - 15 min in methanol solution at room temperature (Experimental part). (scirp.org)
  • SAR = US$ 0.37), and their stores could be closed if they tumours, toxic aldehyde compounds that cause lung in- are cited for a third violation ( 15 ). (who.int)
Metabolic1
  • Enzymes of the aldehyde dehydrogenase family are required for the clearance of potentially toxic aldehydes, and are essential for the production of key metabolic regulators. (nih.gov)
Chemistry2
  • Aldehydes are common in organic chemistry. (blogspot.com)
  • T hose who do not believe in the importance of skin chemistry, should read other reviews of Aldehyde 44 and then come and smell the scent on my skin. (blogspot.com)
Liver1
  • The role of aldehyde dehygrogenase 2 in liver injury caused by vinyl chloride and high-fat diet. (louisville.edu)
Amines1
  • 5) Nitriles to aldehydes or primary amines: The nitriles are either reduced to aldehydes or primary amines depending on the amount of DIBAL-H consumed. (katabox.com)
Enantioselectivity2
  • Phosphoramidites are effective chiral ligands in the rhodium catalyzed addition of arylboronic acids to aldehydes providing up to 75% enantioselectivity and up to 96% isolated yield. (rsc.org)
  • The direct proline-catalyzed asymmetric α-aminoxylation of aldehydes and ketones has been developed using nitrosobenzene as an oxygen source, affording α-anilinoxy-aldehydes and -ketones with excellent enantioselectivity. (elsevier.com)
Organic2
  • Aldehyde is an organic compound containing a formyl group. (blogspot.com)
  • Aldehydes are formed as thermal degradation byproducts released into the atmosphere from the burning of organic matter such as gasoline, food flavorants, and tobacco. (cdc.gov)
Deficiency1
  • Sjogren-Larsson syndrome: fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency. (medscape.com)
Derivatives1
  • Guoliang Mao, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, China, Congyang Wang, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Huairou National Comprehensive Science Center, both Beijing, China, and colleagues have developed a rhenium-catalyzed C-H activation that allows the [4 + 1] annulation of benzamides and aldehydes to give phthalide derivatives (pictured). (chemistryviews.org)
Aldol2
  • Two complementary classes of chiral boron enolates for adaptation to aldol additions to resin-bound aldehydes were studied : (i) the thioester-derived enolate 1 bearing chiral ligands on boron, and (ii) the chiral ketone-derived enolate 2. (unimi.it)
  • Rather, we show that Sbi00515 catalyzes the condensation of pyruvate with a number of aldehydes, followed by dehydration of the presumed aldol intermediate. (nih.gov)
Acetaldehyde1
  • NIOSH recommends that the producers and users of acetaldehyde, malonaldehyde, and the other low-molecular-weight aldehydes disseminate this information to workers and customers. (cdc.gov)
Nitroalkanes1
  • WO 2009/114329 describes treating polyols with certain types of aminoalcohols and treating polyisocyanates with certain nitroalkanes, in order to reduce aldehydes in the polyols and polyisocyanates, respectively, and in polyurethanes made from those materials. (justia.com)
Molecular1
  • Molecular genetics of human aldehyde dehydrogenase. (wikigenes.org)
Materials | Free Full-Text | Recent Advances in Ethylene Gas Detection
Materials | Free Full-Text | Recent Advances in Ethylene Gas Detection (mdpi.com)
Carcinogenicity of Acetaldehyde & Malonaldehyde & Mutagenicity of Related Low-Molecular-Weight Aldehydes | NIOSH | CDC
Carcinogenicity of Acetaldehyde & Malonaldehyde & Mutagenicity of Related Low-Molecular-Weight Aldehydes | NIOSH | CDC (cdc.gov)
Alphabetical Method Listing - B - NMAM 4th Edition | NIOSH | CDC
Alphabetical Method Listing - B - NMAM 4th Edition | NIOSH | CDC (cdc.gov)
Glutaraldehyde - Occupational Hazards in Hospitals | NIOSH | CDC
Glutaraldehyde - Occupational Hazards in Hospitals | NIOSH | CDC (cdc.gov)
CDC - Publicaciones de NIOSH - El glutaraldehído: Los peligros ocupacionales en los hospitales (2001-115)
CDC - Publicaciones de NIOSH - El glutaraldehído: Los peligros ocupacionales en los hospitales (2001-115) (cdc.gov)
Import of Hydrogen to Estonia
Import of Hydrogen to Estonia (nationmaster.com)
RTECS:AS1050000 - Acrolein - The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances | CDC/NIOSH
RTECS:AS1050000 - Acrolein - The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances | CDC/NIOSH (cdc.gov)
Nuovi metodi di sintesi chimica | SYNCAT Project | Results in brief | FP7 | CORDIS | European Commission
Nuovi metodi di sintesi chimica | SYNCAT Project | Results in brief | FP7 | CORDIS | European Commission (cordis.europa.eu)
Rhodium/phosphoramidite-catalyzed asymmetric arylation of aldehydes with arylboronic acids - Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry ...
Rhodium/phosphoramidite-catalyzed asymmetric arylation of aldehydes with arylboronic acids - Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry ... (pubs.rsc.org)
Interim Guidance for Cargo Trucking Crews for the Prevention of Pandemic Influenza | Pandemic Influenza (Flu) | CDC
Interim Guidance for Cargo Trucking Crews for the Prevention of Pandemic Influenza | Pandemic Influenza (Flu) | CDC (cdc.gov)
Glutaraldehyde | NIOSH | CDC
Glutaraldehyde | NIOSH | CDC (cdc.gov)
Hyperhidrosis Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations
Hyperhidrosis Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care, Consultations (medscape.com)
PDF) Antimicrobial Activity of Coriandrum sativum Leaves and Seeds Essential Oil towards the Food-borne Pathogens
PDF) Antimicrobial Activity of Coriandrum sativum Leaves and Seeds Essential Oil towards the Food-borne Pathogens (researchgate.net)
Guidelines for Safe Work Practices in Human and Animal Medical Diagnostic Laboratories
Guidelines for Safe Work Practices in Human and Animal Medical Diagnostic Laboratories (cdc.gov)
TRPV1 Antagonism by Capsazepine Modulates Innate Immune Response in Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA
TRPV1 Antagonism by Capsazepine Modulates Innate Immune Response in Mice Infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (hindawi.com)
Toxins | Free Full-Text | In Vitro Biological Control of Aspergillus flavus by Hanseniaspora opuntiae L479 and Hanseniaspora...
Toxins | Free Full-Text | In Vitro Biological Control of Aspergillus flavus by Hanseniaspora opuntiae L479 and Hanseniaspora... (mdpi.com)
Hookahs | CDC
Hookahs | CDC (cdc.gov)
Esophageal Cancer: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
Esophageal Cancer: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy (medscape.com)