AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation SciencePublication Characteristics
Aldehyde OxidaseAldehydesAldehyde OxidoreductasesXanthine OxidaseAldehyde DehydrogenaseBenzaldehydesXanthine DehydrogenaseNADPH OxidaseMolybdenumPteridinesRutaCoenzymesLiverOxidation-ReductionMonoamine OxidaseAllopurinolMetalloproteinsProtein-Lysine 6-OxidaseOxidoreductasesFlavoproteinsFenthionPhthalazinesKineticsSpecies SpecificityDrosophila melanogasterPubMedPeriodicals as TopicDrosophilaDrosophila ProteinsBooksManducaAlkadienesMothsPheromonesAntibodies, MonoclonalBiotinXanthineChloromercurinitrophenolsResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.QuinolinesQuinolonesPhenylurea CompoundsIsocarboxazidBiotransformationMicrosomes, LiverAlkynesPalladiumRhodiumCyclizationCatalysisTransilluminationRaloxifeneSubstrate SpecificityCytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
Aldehyde Oxidase: An aldehyde oxidoreductase expressed predominantly in the LIVER; LUNGS; and KIDNEY. It catalyzes the oxidation of a variety of organic aldehydes and N-heterocyclic compounds to CARBOXYLIC ACIDS, and also oxidizes quinoline and pyridine derivatives. The enzyme utilizes molybdenum cofactor and FAD as cofactors.Aldehydes: Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO.Aldehyde Oxidoreductases: Oxidoreductases that are specific for ALDEHYDES.Xanthine Oxidase: An iron-molybdenum flavoprotein containing FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE that oxidizes hypoxanthine, some other purines and pterins, and aldehydes. Deficiency of the enzyme, an autosomal recessive trait, causes xanthinuria.Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: An enzyme that oxidizes an aldehyde in the presence of NAD+ and water to an acid and NADH. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.70.BenzaldehydesXanthine Dehydrogenase: An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of XANTHINE in the presence of NAD+ to form URIC ACID and NADH. It acts also on a variety of other purines and aldehydes.NADPH Oxidase: A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the univalent reduction of OXYGEN using NADPH as an electron donor to create SUPEROXIDE ANION. The enzyme is dependent on a variety of CYTOCHROMES. Defects in the production of superoxide ions by enzymes such as NADPH oxidase result in GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC.Molybdenum: A metallic element with the atomic symbol Mo, atomic number 42, and atomic weight 95.94. It is an essential trace element, being a component of the enzymes xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase, and nitrate reductase. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Pteridines: Compounds based on pyrazino[2,3-d]pyrimidine which is a pyrimidine fused to a pyrazine, containing four NITROGEN atoms.Ruta: A plant genus of the family RUTACEAE. Members contain quinoline alkaloids.Coenzymes: Small molecules that are required for the catalytic function of ENZYMES. Many VITAMINS are coenzymes.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Oxidation-Reduction: A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).Monoamine Oxidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. It is a flavin-containing enzyme that is localized in mitochondrial membranes, whether in nerve terminals, the liver, or other organs. Monoamine oxidase is important in regulating the metabolic degradation of catecholamines and serotonin in neural or target tissues. Hepatic monoamine oxidase has a crucial defensive role in inactivating circulating monoamines or those, such as tyramine, that originate in the gut and are absorbed into the portal circulation. (From Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p415) EC 1.4.3.4.Allopurinol: A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.Metalloproteins: Proteins that have one or more tightly bound metal ions forming part of their structure. (Dorland, 28th ed)Protein-Lysine 6-Oxidase: An enzyme oxidizing peptidyl-lysyl-peptide in the presence of water & molecular oxygen to yield peptidyl-allysyl-peptide plus ammonia & hydrogen peroxide. EC 1.4.3.13.Oxidoreductases: The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)FlavoproteinsFenthion: Potent cholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide and acaricide.PhthalazinesKinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Drosophila melanogaster: A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.PubMed: A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.Drosophila: A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.Drosophila Proteins: Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.BooksManduca: A genus of sphinx or hawk moths of the family Sphingidae. These insects are used in molecular biology studies during all stages of their life cycle.Alkadienes: Acyclic branched or unbranched hydrocarbons having two carbon-carbon double bonds.Moths: Insects of the suborder Heterocera of the order LEPIDOPTERA.Pheromones: Chemical substances, excreted by an organism into the environment, that elicit behavioral or physiological responses from other organisms of the same species. Perception of these chemical signals may be olfactory or by contact.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Biotin: A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.Xanthine: A purine base found in most body tissues and fluids, certain plants, and some urinary calculi. It is an intermediate in the degradation of adenosine monophosphate to uric acid, being formed by oxidation of hypoxanthine. The methylated xanthine compounds caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline and their derivatives are used in medicine for their bronchodilator effects. (Dorland, 28th ed)Chloromercurinitrophenols: Mercuriphenols substituted with one or more chlorine atoms and one or more nitro groups. Some of these are sulfhydryl reagents which act as chromophoric probes in enzymes and other proteins.Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.QuinolinesQuinolones: A group of derivatives of naphthyridine carboxylic acid, quinoline carboxylic acid, or NALIDIXIC ACID.Phenylurea Compounds: Compounds that include the amino-N-phenylamide structure.Isocarboxazid: An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also is useful in the treatment of panic disorder and the phobic disorders. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p311)Biotransformation: The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.Microsomes, Liver: Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.Alkynes: Hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond in the linear portion, of the general formula Cn-H2n-2.Palladium: A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.Rhodium: Rhodium. A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh. (Dorland, 28th ed)Cyclization: Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Catalysis: The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.Transillumination: Passage of light through body tissues or cavities for examination of internal structures.Raloxifene: A second generation selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used to prevent osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. It has estrogen agonist effects on bone and cholesterol metabolism but behaves as a complete estrogen antagonist on mammary gland and uterine tissue.Substrate Specificity: A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System: A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.

Aldehyde oxidase-dependent marked species difference in hepatic metabolism of the sedative-hypnotic, zaleplon, between monkeys and rats. (1/144)

A marked difference in hepatic activity of aldehyde oxidase between rats and monkeys was found to be responsible for the previously reported marked species difference in the metabolism of Zaleplon in vivo. In the postmitochondrial fractions, S-9s, from liver homogenates of these animals, Zaleplon was transformed in the presence of NADPH into the side chain oxidation product, N-desethyl-Zaleplon, and the aromatic ring oxidation product, 5-oxo-Zaleplon. In the rat S-9, N-desethyl-Zaleplon and 5-oxo-Zaleplon were a major and a very minor metabolites, respectively. However, in the monkey S-9, Zaleplon was transformed into 5-oxo-Zaleplon at a much higher rate than that for N-desethyl-Zaleplon formation. N-Desethyl-Zaleplon was formed in the monkey S-9 at a rate almost equal to that in the rat S-9. N-Desethyl-5-oxo-Zaleplon was formed at a minor rate only in the monkey S-9 through N-desethyl-Zaleplon as an obligatory intermediate. The hepatic activity for the formation of 5-oxo-Zaleplon in the monkey and rat was localized in cytosol and did not require NADPH. Sensitivity to various inhibitors and requirement of water as oxygen source, using H218O, strongly suggested that the hepatic cytosolic formation of 5-oxo-Zaleplon was mediated by aldehyde oxidase. N-Desethyl-Zaleplon was formed in the presence of NADPH by microsomes from the liver of rats and monkeys, and its formation was strongly suggested using various cytochrome P-450 inhibitors to be mediated by a number of cytochrome P-450 isoforms, such as 3A, 2C, and 2D subfamilies.  (+info)

A genetic linkage map of rat chromosome 9 with a new locus for variant activity of liver aldehyde oxidase. (2/144)

A genetic linkage map of rat chromosome 9 consisting of five loci including a new biochemical marker representing a genetic variation of the activity of the liver aldehyde oxidase, (Aox) was constructed. Linkage analysis of the five loci among 92 backcross progeny of (WKS/Iar x IS/Iar)F1 x WKS/Iar revealed significant linkages between these loci. Minimizing crossover frequency resulted in the best gene order: Aox-D9Mit4-Gls-Cryg-Tp53l1. The homologues of the Cryg, Gls, and Aox genes have been mapped on mouse chromosome 1 and human chromosome 2q. The present findings provide further evidence for the conservation of synteny among these regions of rat, mouse, and human chromosomes.  (+info)

Molecular cloning of the cDNA coding for mouse aldehyde oxidase: tissue distribution and regulation in vivo by testosterone. (3/144)

The cDNA coding for mouse aldehyde oxidase (AO), a molybdoflavoprotein, has been isolated and characterized. The cDNA is 4347 nt long and consists of an open reading frame predicting a polypeptide of 1333 amino acid residues, with 5' and 3' untranslated regions of 13 and 335 nt respectively. The apparent molecular mass of the translation product in vitro derived from the corresponding cRNA is consistent with that of the monomeric subunit of the AO holoenzyme. The cDNA codes for a catalytically active form of AO, as demonstrated by transient transfection experiments conducted in the HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cell line. The deduced primary structure of the AO protein contains consensus sequences for two distinct 2Fe-2S redox centres and a molybdopterin-binding site. The amino acid sequence of the mouse AO has a high degree of similarity with the human and bovine counterparts, and a significant degree of relatedness to AO proteins of plant origin. Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses demonstrate that hepatocytes, cardiocytes, lung endothelial or epithelial cells and oesophagus epithelial cells express high levels of AO mRNA. In the various tissues and organs considered, the level of AO mRNA expression is not strictly correlated with the amount of the corresponding protein, suggesting that the synthesis of the AO enzyme is under translational or post-translational control. In addition, we observed sex-related regulation of AO protein synthesis. In the liver of male animals, despite similar amounts of AO mRNA, the levels of the AO enzyme and corresponding polypeptide are significantly higher than those in female animals. Treatment of female mice with testosterone increases the amounts of AO mRNA and of the relative translation product to levels similar to those in male animals.  (+info)

Production of homo- and hetero-dimeric isozymes from two aldehyde oxidase genes of Arabidopsis thaliana. (4/144)

Polyclonal antibodies were raised against synthetic peptides or recombinant polypeptides encoded by Arabidopsis atAO-1 and atAO-2 cDNAs, which have sequences similar to maize and animal aldehyde oxidase (AO) cDNAs. Anti-atAO-1 antibodies recognized AOalpha and AObeta among the three isoforms, AOalpha, AObeta, and AOgamma, detected in Arabidopsis seedlings after native PAGE, while anti-atAO-2 antibodies reacted with AObeta and AOgamma. The polypeptide specifically recognized by each antibody was collected as the Protein-A/IgG/antigen complex. The 150- and 145-kDa polypeptides were purified by SDS-PAGE and digested with Achromobacter Protease I. From the amino acid sequences and molecular masses of the derivative peptides, it was revealed that the 150- and 145-kDa polypeptides were the products of atAO-1 and atAO-2, respectively. Molecular masses of the native forms of AOalpha, AObeta, and AOgamma were estimated as approximately 290-300 kDa. These results suggest that AOalpha and AOgamma are homodimers consisting of atAO-1 and atAO-2 products, respectively, and that AObeta is a heterodimer of the atAO-1 and atAO-2 products.  (+info)

Thioguanine administered as a continuous intravenous infusion to pediatric patients is metabolized to the novel metabolite 8-hydroxy-thioguanine. (5/144)

Thiopurine antimetabolites have been in clinical use for more than 40 years, yet the metabolism of thiopurines remains only partially understood. Data from our previous pediatric phase 1 trial of continuous i.v. infusion of thioguanine (CIVI-TG) suggested that TG was eliminated by saturable mechanism, with conversion of the drug to an unknown metabolite. In this study we have identified this metabolite as 8-hydroxy-thioguanine (8-OH-TG). The metabolite coeluted with the 8-OH-TG standard on HPLC and had an identical UV spectrum, with a lambda(max) of 350 nm. On mass spectroscopy, the positive ion, single quad scan of 8-OH-TG yielded a protonated molecular ion at 184 Da and contained diagnostic ions at m/z 167, 156, 142, and 125 Da. Incubation of TG in vitro with partially purified aldehyde oxidase resulted in 8-OH-TG formation. 8-OH-TG is the predominant circulating metabolite found in patients receiving CIVI-TG and is likely generated by the action of aldehyde oxidase.  (+info)

The mouse aldehyde oxidase gene: molecular cloning, chromosomal mapping and functional characterization of the 5'-flanking region. (6/144)

In this article, we report on the chromosome mapping and molecular cloning of the genetic locus encoding the mouse molybdo-iron/sulfur-flavoprotein aldehyde oxidase. The aldehyde oxidase locus maps to mouse chromosome 1 band C1-C2, as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments conducted on metaphase chromosomes. The gene is approximately 83 kb long and consists of 35 exons. The exon/intron boundaries are perfectly conserved relative to the corresponding human homolog and almost completely conserved relative to the mouse xanthine oxidoreductase gene. This further supports the concept that the aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidoreductase loci evolved from the same ancestral precursor by a gene duplication event. The position of a major transcription start site was defined by primer extension and RNase mapping analysis. The 5'-flanking region of the mouse aldehyde oxidase gene contains a functional and orientation-dependent promoter as well as several putative binding sites for known cell-specific and general transcription factors. Deletion analysis of the 5'-flanking region defines an approximately 470 bp DNA stretch which is necessary and sufficient for the transcription of the mouse aldehyde oxidase gene.  (+info)

Functional expression of two Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidases in the yeast Pichia pastoris. (7/144)

To investigate the biochemical and enzymatic properties of two aldehyde oxidase (AO) isoforms of Arabidopsis thaliana, we expressed AAO1 and AAO2 cDNAs in a heterologous yeast (Pichia pastoris) system and successfully obtained the proteins in active forms. The expressed AAO1 and AAO2 proteins gave activity bands with the same mobilities on native gel electrophoresis and exhibited the same substrate preferences on zymograms with 8 aldehydes as those of AOalpha and AOgamma in Arabidopsis seedlings, respectively. Furthermore, anti-AAO1 and anti-AAO2 antibodies, which specifically recognize the seedling AOalpha and AOgamma, respectively, reacted with the AAO1 and AAO2 proteins produced in P. pastoris, respectively. These results indicate that these AO proteins are accurately produced in the yeast system, as in Arabidopsis seedlings. Using AO preparations from P. pastoris, the enzymatic properties of Arabidopsis AOalpha and AOgamma were investigated. AOalpha showed a relatively wide substrate specificity for 7 aldehydes tested, with high affinity to benzaldehyde and indole-3-aldehyde, while AOgamma could most efficiently oxidize naphthaldehyde. AOalpha was strongly inhibited by iodoacetate and KCN, while AOgamma was inhibited not only by iodoacetate and KCN but also by 2-mercaptethanol, dithiothreitol, menadion, and estradiol. AOalpha and AOgamma showed the highest activity at around 65 and 50 degrees C, respectively, and exhibited pH dependence around pH 8.0. These results indicate that the two AO isoforms in Arabidopsis seedlings have different enzymatic properties and may have different physiological roles in vivo.  (+info)

Metabolism of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in perfused rat liver: involvement of hepatic aldehyde oxidase as a detoxification enzyme. (8/144)

To elucidate the toxicological relevance of hepatic aldehyde oxidase (AO) as a detoxification enzyme of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), we studied the metabolism and the hepatotoxicity of MPTP in intact rat livers exhibiting different AO activities by using a recirculating perfusion method. In the perfusate during a 90-min recirculation of 1 mM MPTP, the perfused liver from Jcl:Wistar rat, a strain showing high AO activity, generated almost equal amounts of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium species (MPP(+)) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-5,6-dihydro-2-pyridone (MPTP lactam) as major metabolites, together with 4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2-pyridone (MP 2-pyridone) and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine N-oxide. However, a marked decrease of MPTP lactam as well as MP 2-pyridone and a concomitant increase of MPP(+) were caused by coinfusion of 2-hydroxypyrimidine (2-OH PM), a competitive inhibitor of AO, into Jcl:Wistar rat liver. A quite similar metabolic profile was obtained on perfusion of AO-deficient WKA/Sea rat liver. Rather large amounts of MPP(+) were retained in the liver in all cases, but especially in Jcl:Wistar rat in the presence of 2-OH PM. Lactate dehydrogenase leakage into the perfusate from rat liver perfused with 1 mM MPTP was greater in the strain with lower AO activity, WKA/Sea, than in that with higher AO activity, Jcl:Wistar. Furthermore, inhibition of AO in Jcl:Wistar rat in the presence of 2-OH PM caused an enhancement of lactate dehydrogenase leakage. These results suggest that hepatic AO is a key detoxification enzyme for MPTP.  (+info)

Aldehyde oxidase 1 - WikipediaAldehyde oxidase 1 - Wikipedia
Aldehyde oxidase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AOX1 gene. Aldehyde oxidase produces hydrogen peroxide and, under certain conditions, can catalyze the formation of superoxide. Aldehyde oxidase is a candidate gene for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. MOCOS GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000138356 - Ensembl, May 2017 GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000063558 - Ensembl, May 2017 "Human PubMed Reference:". "Mouse PubMed Reference:". "Entrez Gene: aldehyde oxidase 1". Berger R, Mezey E, Clancy KP, Harta G, Wright RM, Repine JE, Brown RH, Brownstein M, Patterson D (March 1995). "Analysis of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase as possible candidate genes for autosomal recessive familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 21 (2): 121-31. doi:10.1007/BF02255787. PMID 7570184. Human AOX1 genome location and AOX1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser. Wang AG, Yoon SY, Oh JH, et al. (2006). "Identification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma ...
Identification of Crucial Amino Acids in Mouse Aldehyde Oxidase 3 That Determine Substrate Specificity - pdf descargarIdentification of Crucial Amino Acids in Mouse Aldehyde Oxidase 3 That Determine Substrate Specificity - pdf descargar
Identification of Crucial Amino Acids in Mouse Aldehyde Oxidase 3 That Determine Substrate Specificity. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
Aldehyde Oxidases as Enzymes in Phase I Drug Metabolism<...Aldehyde Oxidases as Enzymes in Phase I Drug Metabolism<...
TY - CHAP. T1 - Aldehyde Oxidases as Enzymes in Phase I Drug Metabolism. AU - Mota, Cristiano. AU - Santos-Silva, Teresa Sacadura. AU - Terao, Mineko. AU - Garattini, Enrico. AU - Romão, Maria João. AU - Leimkühler, Silke. PY - 2019/6/27. Y1 - 2019/6/27. N2 - This chapter discusses the significance of aldehyde oxidases for the design and development of new drugs, and discusses associated problems. Aldehyde oxidases are a group of enzymes with important functions in the context of drug and xenobiotic metabolism. Aldehyde oxidases (AOXs) and xanthine oxidoreductases (XORs) are structurally and evolutionarily linked molybdoflavoproteins. AOXs and XORs are widely distributed throughout all kingdoms of life, homologous proteins have been identified in many eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms. The C-terminal domain III is binding the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) in its sulfido-containing form. At the catalytic site, the Moco adopts an approximately square pyramidal geometry. Heterologous expression ...
Expression of Pisum sativum PsAO3 gene, which encodes an aldehyde oxidase utilizing abscisic aldehyde, is induced under...Expression of Pisum sativum PsAO3 gene, which encodes an aldehyde oxidase utilizing abscisic aldehyde, is induced under...
Aldehyde oxidase (AO; EC 1.2.3.1) catalyzes the final step of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, which is the oxidation of abscisic aldehyde (ABAld) to ABA. Gene expression analyses indicate that the stress-induced Pisum sativum PsAOγ isoform, which effectively uses ABAld as a substrate, is encoded by the PsAO3 gene. PsAO3 was heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris and the recombinant PsAO3 protein revealed substrate preferences highly similar to the native PsAOγ protein present in the pea leaves and roots. Both proteins prefer indole-3-aldehyde and naphthaldehyde as substrates, although high activities against abscisic aldehyde and citral were also observed. The Km values of PsAO3 for naphthaldehyde and abscisic aldehyde (4.6 and 5.1 μM, respectively) were the lowest among the substrates tested. PsAO3 activity was almost completely inhibited by potassium cyanide, diphenyleneiodonium, and methanol. Rapidly imposed drought stress did not increase the level of PsAO3 mRNA or activity of any ...
Characterization and Crystallization of Mouse Aldehyde Oxidase 3: From Mouse Liver to Escherichia coli Heterologous Protein...Characterization and Crystallization of Mouse Aldehyde Oxidase 3: From Mouse Liver to Escherichia coli Heterologous Protein...
Aldehyde oxidase (AOX) is a complex molybdoflavoprotein that belongs to a family of structurally related molybdoenzymes that bind the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) (Hille, 1996). AOX is homologous to xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), another mammalian molybdoflavoenzyme, and both AOX and XOR show a remarkable degree of sequence similarity (Krenitsky, 1978; Garattini et al., 2003). AOX is active as a homodimer, and each 150-kDa monomer consists of three separate domains that bind different cofactors: the 20-kDa N-terminal domain binds two distinct [2Fe-2S] clusters, the 40-kDa central domain binds the FAD cofactor, and the 80-kDa C-terminal domain binds Moco (Garattini et al., 2008). Moco-containing enzymes are divided further into three different families, the xanthine oxidase (XO) family, the sulfite oxidase family, and the dimethyl sulfoxide reductase family, which are classified in accordance to the ligands at the molybdenum active site (Hille, 1996).. Members of the XOR family are characterized by ...
Plus itPlus it
Aldehyde oxidase is a cytosolic drug-metabolizing enzyme that has been highlighted recently as playing a prominent role in the metabolism of heterocyclic-containing drug molecules (Pryde et al., 2010; Garattini and Terao, 2011, 2012; Hutzler et al., 2013). Numerous clinical programs have been impacted by rapid metabolism, and thus poor pharmacokinetics, because of aldehyde oxidase (Kaye et al., 1984; Dittrich et al., 2002; Akabane et al., 2011). One cause for the failure to predict the human pharmacokinetic properties of these AO substrates is the profound species differences noted for this enzyme. In particular, routine pharmacokinetic studies rat and dog in early drug discovery will likely not adequately capture AO-mediated contributions to metabolic clearance, because rats generally have low AO activity and dogs are devoid of activity (Beedham, 1987; Garattini et al., 2008). In a recently published review on aldehyde oxidase, it was reported that rhesus monkey and guinea pig may represent the ...
Evaluating the disposition of a mixed aldehyde oxidase/cytochrome P450 substrate in rats with attenuated P450 activity<...Evaluating the disposition of a mixed aldehyde oxidase/cytochrome P450 substrate in rats with attenuated P450 activity<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Evaluating the disposition of a mixed aldehyde oxidase/cytochrome P450 substrate in rats with attenuated P450 activity. AU - Crouch, Rachel D.. AU - Morrison, Ryan D.. AU - Byers, Frank W.. AU - Lindsley, Craig W.. AU - Emmitte, Kyle Allen. AU - Daniels, J. Scott. PY - 2016/8/1. Y1 - 2016/8/1. N2 - Marketed drugs cleared by aldehyde oxidase (AO) are few, with no known clinically relevant pharmacokinetic drug interactions associated with AO inhibition, whereas cytochrome P450 (P450) inhibition or induction mediates a number of clinical drug interactions. Little attention has been given to the consequences of coadministering a P450 inhibitor with a compound metabolized by both AO and P450. Upon discovering that VU0409106 (1) was metabolized by AO (to M1) and P450 enzymes (to M4-M6), we sought to evaluate the in vivo disposition of 1 and its metabolites in rats with attenuated P450 activity. Male rats were orally pretreated with the pan-P450 inactivator, 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), ...
GT20164 - RIKEN Arabidopsis Genome EncyclopediaGT20164 - RIKEN Arabidopsis Genome Encyclopedia
abscisic aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3); CONTAINS InterPro DOMAIN/s: Aldehyde oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase (InterPro:IPR016208), Ferredoxin (InterPro:IPR001041), Molybdopterin dehydrogenase, FAD-binding (InterPro:IPR002346), [2Fe-2S]-binding (InterPro:IPR002888), FAD-binding, type 2 (InterPro:IPR016166), CO dehydrogenase flavoprotein, C-terminal (InterPro:IPR005107), 2Fe-2S ferredoxin, iron-sulphur binding site (InterPro:IPR006058), CO dehydrogenase flavoprotein-like, FAD-binding, subdomain 2 (InterPro:IPR016169), Aldehyde oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase, a/b hammerhead (InterPro:IPR000674), Aldehyde oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase, molybdopterin binding (InterPro:IPR008274); BEST Arabidopsis thaliana protein match is: aldehyde oxidase 4 (TAIR:AT1G04580.1); Has 18285 Blast hits to 17524 proteins in 1277 species: Archae - 409; Bacteria - 10745; Metazoa - 1018; Fungi - 113; Plants - 280; Viruses - 0; Other Eukaryotes - 5720 (source: NCBI BLink ...
Overexpression of EsMcsu1 from the halophytic plant Eutrema salsugineum promotes abscisic acid biosynthesis and increases...Overexpression of EsMcsu1 from the halophytic plant Eutrema salsugineum promotes abscisic acid biosynthesis and increases...
The stress phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays pivotal roles in plants adaptive responses to adverse environments. Molybdenum cofactor sulfurases influence aldehyde oxidase activity and ABA biosynthesis. In this study, we isolated a novel EsMcsu1 gene encoding a molybdenum cofactor sulfurase from Eutrema salsugineum. EsMcus1 transcriptional patterns varied between organs, and its expression was significantly upregulated by abiotic stress or ABA treatment.
Mouse Anti-Human Xanthine Oxidase / Aldehyde Oxidase Ab-2 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody, Biotin Conjugated, Clone 145.4 from Lab...Mouse Anti-Human Xanthine Oxidase / Aldehyde Oxidase Ab-2 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody, Biotin Conjugated, Clone 145.4 from Lab...
Mouse Anti-Human Xanthine Oxidase / Aldehyde Oxidase Ab-2 Mouse Monoclonal Antibody, Biotin Conjugated, Clone 145.4 from Lab Vision,In normal tissues this enzyme exists predominantly as XDH which converts hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid, a critical plasma antioxidant. During ischemia, XDH is reversibly converted to the oxygen radical producing XO by oxidation of essential sulfhydryl groups or irreversibly through limite,biological,biology supply,biology supplies,biology product
Identification of persulfide-binding and disulfide-forming cysteine residues in the NifS-like domain of the molybdenum cofactor...Identification of persulfide-binding and disulfide-forming cysteine residues in the NifS-like domain of the molybdenum cofactor...
The Moco (molybdenum cofactor) sulfurase ABA3 from Arabidopsis thaliana catalyses the sulfuration of the Moco of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidoreductase, which represents the final activation step of these enzymes. ABA3 consists of an N-terminal NifS-like domain that exhibits L-cysteine desulfurase activity and a C-terminal domain that binds sulfurated Moco. The strictly conserved Cys430 in the NifS-like domain binds a persulfide intermediate, which is abstracted from the substrate L-cysteine and finally needs to be transferred to the Moco of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidoreductase. In addition to Cys⁴³⁰, another eight cysteine residues are located in the NifS-like domain, with two of them being highly conserved among Moco sulfurase proteins and, at the same time, being in close proximity to Cys⁴³⁰. By determination of the number of surface-exposed cysteine residues and the number of persulfide-binding cysteine residues in combination with the sequential substitution of each ...
Aldh1l2 (untagged) - Mouse aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member L2 (Aldh1l2), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, ...Aldh1l2 (untagged) - Mouse aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member L2 (Aldh1l2), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, ...
Aldh1l2 (untagged) - Mouse aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member L2 (Aldh1l2), nuclear gene encoding mitochondrial protein, (10ug), 10 µg.
Chem-Defense by Source NaturalsChem-Defense by Source Naturals
Chem-Defenseâ ¢ is a nutrient blend formulated for persons with chemical sensitivities. Recent scientific research indicates that molybdenum, a trace mineral that activates the enzymes aldehyde oxidase and sulfite oxidase, may provide necessary nutritional support for chemically sensitive individuals. Glutathione (GSH) is a key element of the livers detoxifying process, and is also the precursor for glutathione peroxidase, a major free radical-scavenging enzyme. Ribolflavin is the precursor for FAD, a coenzyme which recycles used GSH. The benefit of the sublingual form is that it is absorbed directly into the bloodstream, via the blood vessels under the tongue and in the cheeks, allowing for quick entry into the system.
Strategies for a comprehensive understanding of metabolism by aldehyde oxidaseStrategies for a comprehensive understanding of metabolism by aldehyde oxidase
As the role of AO in metabolism of new drug molecules continues to emerge, it is critical that DMPK scientists have the most updated methodologies to enable formulation of a thorough experimental plan to understand the potential implications of this metabolic pathway. Whether it is higher-than-expec …
Aldehyde oxidase as a cell marker for internal organs in Drosophila melanogaster. - PubMed - NCBIAldehyde oxidase as a cell marker for internal organs in Drosophila melanogaster. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
SearchSearch
Induction of nine-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 6 (NCED6), an abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis gene, alone is sufficient to suspend germination in testa-ruptured seeds, which are at the final step of germination. Molecular consequences of NCED6 induction in imbibed seeds were investigated by RNA sequencing. The analysis identified many unknown and uncharacterized genes that were up-regulated by NCED6 induction, in addition to the major regulators of ABA signalling. Interestingly, other NCEDs were up-regulated by NCED6 induction, suggesting that the major rate-limiting enzymes in the ABA biosynthesis pathway are subject to positive-feedback regulation. ZEAXANTHIN EPOXIDASE and ABSCISIC ALDEHYDE OXIDASE3, which function upstream and downstream of NCED, were also up-regulated in seeds by NCED6 induction, which suggests that the distinct layers of positive feedback loops are coordinately operating in the NCED6-induced seeds. SOMNUS (SOM), which was also up-regulated by NCED6 induction, was the ...
The human molybdenum hydroxylase gene family: co-conspirators in metabolic free-radical generation and disease | Biochemical...The human molybdenum hydroxylase gene family: co-conspirators in metabolic free-radical generation and disease | Biochemical...
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Interaction of 2-thio-4-oxo-quinazoline Derivatives with Guinea Pig Liver Molybdenum Hydroxylases, Xanthine Oxidase and...Interaction of 2-thio-4-oxo-quinazoline Derivatives with Guinea Pig Liver Molybdenum Hydroxylases, Xanthine Oxidase and...
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Title page for ETD etd-03122008-133135Title page for ETD etd-03122008-133135
Multiple exocyclic DNA adducts arise from reactions of lipid and DNA peroxidation products with DNA bases. These endogenous lesions are mutagenic; therefore, monitoring adduct levels may provide a means of assessing genomic exposure to oxidative damage in human populations. The metabolic processing of endogenously formed exocyclic DNA adducts has now been investigated for the purpose of developing non-invasive markers of oxidative damage. The pyrimidopurinone deoxynucleoside adduct, M1dG, was found to undergo enzymatic oxidation to produce 6-oxo-M1dG. The corresponding base adduct, M1G, was subject to sequential oxidation producing first 6-oxo-M1G and then 2,6-dioxo-M1G. The enzymes xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and aldehyde oxidase (AO) catalyzed the oxidation of M1dG and M1G. Additionally, the unsubstitued etheno base adduct, 1,N2-etheno-Gua, and the substituted etheno base adduct, heptanone-1,N2-etheno-Gua, were oxidized to produce 2-oxo-etheno-Gua and 2-oxo-hepatanone-etheno-Gua, ...
Download Acetaldehyde-Related Pathology: Bridging the by Novartis Foundation PDF - Jelingu BooksDownload Acetaldehyde-Related Pathology: Bridging the by Novartis Foundation PDF - Jelingu Books
Mol Pharmacol 51:370-376 Israel Y, Quintanilla ME, Sapag A, Tampier L 2006 Autosomal and maternal genes influence alcohol intake in alcohol drinker and nondrinker rat lines: role of the acetaldehyde burst. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 30:276A Oneta CM, Lieber CS, Li J et al 2002 Dynamics of cytochrome P4502E1 activity in man: induction by ethanol and disappearance during withdrawal phase. J Hepatology 36:47-52 Person RE, Chen H, Fantel AG, Juchau MR 2000 Enzymic catalysis of the accumulation of acetaldehyde from ethanol in human prenatal cephalic tissues: Evaluation of the relative contributions of CYP2E1, alcohol dehydrogenase, and catalase/peroxidases. The generation of reactive oxygen species via oxidation of aldehyde by aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase has been implicated in a number of pathological conditions including oxidative stress in the heart (Oei et al 1986), lipid peroxidation (Kato et al 1990, Kera et al 1988) and folate cleavage and release of iron (Shaw et al 1989, Shaw & ...
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In recent years, aldehyde oxidase (AO) has continued to grow as an important enzyme in drug metabolism. Herein, we have focused primarily on the inhibition kinetics of AO and also developing tools to better understand AO ...
SLC22A24 Gene - GeneCards | S22AO Protein | S22AO AntibodySLC22A24 Gene - GeneCards | S22AO Protein | S22AO Antibody
Complete information for SLC22A24 gene (Protein Coding), Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 24, including: function, proteins, disorders, pathways, orthologs, and expression. GeneCards - The Human Gene Compendium
AAO16A - EATON BUSSMANN - Fuse, High Rupturing Capacity (HRC), AAO SeriesAAO16A - EATON BUSSMANN - Fuse, High Rupturing Capacity (HRC), AAO Series
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Aromatic alcohol oxidase, aldehyde oxidase and mannitol oxidase in terrestrial gastropods - Wolverhampton Intellectual...Aromatic alcohol oxidase, aldehyde oxidase and mannitol oxidase in terrestrial gastropods - Wolverhampton Intellectual...
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Academic JournalsAcademic Journals
Authors: Maher Abdel Aziz El-Hashash, Ahmed Youssef Soliman, Ibrahim Essam ELSHAMY Abstract: A highly efficient and versatile synthetic approach to the synthesis of annelated phthalazine derivatives viz. 1,2,4-triazolo [3,4-a]phthalazine 11a,b, 14, 18, 19a,b, 29-31, 33, 1,2,4-triazino [3,4-a]phthalazine 25a,b-28, 1,3,5-triazino[4,3-a]phthalazine 22, tetrazolo[5,1-a] phthalazine 23, imidazophthalazine 9a,b,15, and pyrimidinophthlazine 6, 10, 16, 17, 20 is presented. Moreover, acyclo C-nucleoside and double headed acyclo C-nucleoside of 1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazine 12, 13 were obtained via heterocyclization reaction of 1-chloro-4-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl) phthalazine (4) with gluconic acid hydrazide and galactaric acid bis hydrazide, respectively. The new compounds were synthesized with the objective of studying their antimicrobial activity. Keywords: Triazinophthalazine, pyrazolylphthalazine, triazolophthalazine, antimicrobial activity Full Text: PDF ...
Antioxidant potential of two polyherbal preparations used in Ayurveda for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritisAntioxidant potential of two polyherbal preparations used in Ayurveda for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) are together with prostanoids, leukotrienes and proteases, believed to be the mediators of inflammation and responsible for the pathogenesis of tissue destruction in RA. Antioxidant (AO) activity is one of the mechanisms by which many conventional drugs used in day to day treatment of RA alleviate the painful symptoms associated with this disease. An investigation has been carried out to compare the antioxidant potentials of two polyherbal formulations, Maharasnadhi quathar (MRQ) and Weldehi choornaya (WC), used by Ayurvedic medical practitioners in Sri-Lanka for the treatment of RA patients. AO potentials of these preparations were assessed by their effects in RA patients on: (a) activities of the AO enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase; (b) lipid peroxidation (as estimated by thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) generation); and (c) concentrations of serum iron and haemoglobin (Hb), and the total iron ...
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Patent US6903098 - Use of phthalazine derivatives - Google PatentsPatent US6903098 - Use of phthalazine derivatives - Google Patents
The present invention relates to the use of phthalazine derivatives as inhibitors of the enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase or PARP (EC 2.4.2.30), to the use as inhibitors of PARP-homologous enzymes and, in particular, these phthalazine derivatives also show a selective inhibition of PARP-homologous enzymes.
Mind Body and Food | MOLYBDENUMMind Body and Food | MOLYBDENUM
WHAT DOES MOLYBDENUM DO FOR US?. There are enzymes that require molybdenum called molybdoenzymes. In humans there are three of these enzymes:. 1. Sulfite Oxidase which energizes the changing of sulfite to sulfate. This needs to be done so that sulfur containing amino acids such as methionine can be metabolized.. 2. Xanthine Oxidase starts the breakdown of nucleotides (the building blocks for DNA and RNA) which creates uric acid and uric acid is important to the bloods plasma antioxidant ability.. 3. Both Aldehyde Oxidase and Xanthine Oxidase energize the addition of hydrogen and oxygen molecules to certain molecules and both of them are involved in the metabolism of drugs and toxins in our bodies.. Only Sulfite Oxidase is absolutely necessary to human health.. WHAT HAPPENS WHEN WE DONT GET ENOUGH MOLYBDENUM?. In healthy people molybdenum deficiency doesnt exist as far as we know. Although, there are known problems in places where the soil has very low levels of minerals including ...
Plus itPlus it
Antennae of the tobacco hornworm moths Manduca sexta contain an aldehyde oxidase (AOX) that oxidizes aldehydes to carboxylic acids. The enzyme, which is distinguishable from aldehyde-oxidizing activities in other tissues, is secreted into the receptor lymph that bathes the primary olfactory dendrites. First detectable about 3 d before eclosion, AOX levels increase through the first day after eclosion. This parallels the development of the antennal responsiveness to bombykal (a male attractant aldehydic pheromone produced by female M. sexta) and trans-2-hexenal (an aldehyde commonly found in leaves). The AOX is about 60% more abundant in antennae of males than in antennae of females. The antennal AOX is a dimer with Mr of 295 kDa and is capable of oxidizing a variety of aldehydes. Of all aldehydes examined, the pheromone bombykal was the best substrate with an apparent Km of 5 microM, whereas the next best substrate, benzaldehyde, had an apparent Km of 255 microM. Using kinetic parameters ...
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Nicotine is of importance as the addictive chemical in tobacco, pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation, a potential medication for several diseases, and a useful probe drug for phenotyping cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6). We review current knowledge about the metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine, some other naturally occurring tobacco alkaloids, and nicotine analogs that are under development as potential therapeutic agents. The focus is on studies in humans, but animal data are mentioned when relevant to the interpretation of human data. The pathways of nicotine metabolism are described in detail. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of nicotine and related compounds are reviewed. Enzymes involved in nicotine metabolism including cytochrome P450 enzymes, aldehyde oxidase, flavin-containing monooxygenase 3, amine N-methyltransferase, and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases are represented, as well as factors affecting metabolism, such as genetic variations in metabolic enzymes, ...
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Phthalazine Global Market and Forecast Research : ReportsnReportsPhthalazine Global Market and Forecast Research : ReportsnReports
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ProGen AP: um Pipeline para Anotação Proteogenômica de Mycobaterium tuberculosis...ProGen AP: um Pipeline para Anotação Proteogenômica de Mycobaterium tuberculosis...
Anotação proteogenômica é uma abordagem que une a análise proteômica com a anotação genômica. O intuito de tal abordagem é prover uma anotação mais detalhada ao gene. Intuito esse, que nem sempre é possível...
博碩士論文 etd-0730107-151157 詳細資訊博碩士論文 etd-0730107-151157 詳細資訊
我們利用高純度鋁片(99.9995%)進行陽極氧化處理得到奈米孔洞陣列，藉由控制陽極氧化處理的條件，可以改變陽極氧化鋁孔洞(AAO)陣列的規則性，且孔洞陣列的直徑與施加電壓以及電解液的不同有相當大的關連。將陽極氧化鋁孔洞(AAO)進行材料特性分析，在材料的發光特性上，光激螢光(Photoluminescence)光譜中看到，AAO的發光波段在藍光波段，大約是位於420nm左右，這邊我們使用He-Cd雷射當作激發光源。穿透光譜實驗部分，看到波段在400nm以前有很強的吸收。最後，以X-ray繞射光譜觀察AAO在回火以及未回火的結晶狀況，發現到兩者皆有繞射訊號(311)、(400)、(440)出現，與γ-Al2O3相似 ...
Absence of hepatic molybdenum cofactor: an inborn error of metabolism leading to a combined deficiency of sulphite oxidase and...Absence of hepatic molybdenum cofactor: an inborn error of metabolism leading to a combined deficiency of sulphite oxidase and...
Five patients with a combined deficiency of xanthine dehydrogenase, sulphite oxidase and, possibly, also of aldehyde oxidase are described. This remarkable coincidence of three inborn errors of metabolism in a single individual was demonstrated to re
Day 327 (18q12.2-18q12.3): MOCOS, helping molybdenum-containing enzymes | Genome YearDay 327 (18q12.2-18q12.3): MOCOS, helping molybdenum-containing enzymes | Genome Year
Day 327 has 12 protein-coding genes (browser view) including MOCOS (molybdenum cofactor sulfurase).. MOCOS is important to the function of the four human enzymes that contain the element molybdenum.. Click here to see all 8930365 letters of Day 327 with MOCOS underlined.. ...
Judge Rules Man Fathered Only One Twin - Lowering the BarJudge Rules Man Fathered Only One Twin - Lowering the Bar
But not too surprising to Dr. Karl-Hans Wurzinger, a DNA expert who testified in the case. You probably remember Dr. Wurzinger from his 1980 dissertation, "Allozyme Variation in the African Freshwater Snail Genus Bulinus," if you werent already digging him after 1974s "Phylogeny and Correlations of Aldehyde Oxidase, Xanthine Oxidase, Xanthine Dehydrogenase and Peroxidase in Animal Tissues," later made into a not-very-popular film. But he is also known for a 1997 paper on fraternal twins with different fathers.. Basically, this can happen if, in the course of about a week, one blessed event occurs, the female ovulates again, and then she has a second romantic partner who also hits the target. Scientists refer to it as "heteropaternal superfecundation" but it is known informally as Have None of These People Ever Heard of Birth Control Syndrome. Wikipedia says this is not uncommon in animals, for reasons that probably need not be explained, but Dr. Wurzinger found that it is relatively rare in ...
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) - HerbPediaAldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH) - HerbPedia
Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH, EC 1.2.1.3) are a group of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation (dehydrogenation) of aldehydes to carboxylic acids, an action also performed by xanthine oxidase (XO) and aldehyde oxidase (AO).. The aldehyde cinnamaldehyde commonly used as a food flavoring is rapidly oxidized by aldehyde dehydrogenases into the carboxylic acid cinnamic acid.. ...
Utility of cryopreserved hepatocytes suspended in serum to pre...Utility of cryopreserved hepatocytes suspended in serum to pre...
Utility of cryopreserved hepatocytes suspended in serum to predict hepatic clearance in dogs and monkeys.: An in vitro-in vivo correlation analysis between obse
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6-methylnicotinamide | Semantic Scholar6-methylnicotinamide | Semantic Scholar
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Battling the MSG Myth: Sulfites, sulfite oxidase and molybdenumBattling the MSG Myth: Sulfites, sulfite oxidase and molybdenum
An essential trace element. It helps regulate iron stores in the body and is a key component of at least three enzymes: xanthine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase and sulfite oxidase. These enzymes are involved with carbohydrate metabolism, fat oxidation and urine metabolism. The average adult has about 9mg of molybdenum concentrated mostly in the liver, kidney, adrenal glands, bones and skin. Molybdenum deficiencies are associated with esophageal cancer, sexual impotency and tooth decay ...
Macromolecular Crystallography Group @ NOVAMacromolecular Crystallography Group @ NOVA
We use X-ray diffraction data provided by diffractometers and/or synchrotron sources to study protein samples using X-ray Crystallography methods:. Mechanistic studies and identification of ligands, at atomic level We have a strong, internationally recognized, expertise in the structural studies of enzymes, like nitrate reductases and aldehyde oxidases from different organisms, and X-ray crystallography methods have helped clarifying the details of several enzymatic mechanisms Drug design and ligand discovery We use several blood plasma proteins to study the recognition (at atomic level) and/or transport of candidate drugs to treat many diseases. Crystallography data has allowed to "view" the protein-drug interactions, at an atomic level Glycan-protein and protein-protein interactions We have used X-ray crystallography, associated to other biophysical methods, to study big molecular assemblies that function like nanomachines. X-ray diffraction, cryo-EM and SAXS data have been crucial to ...
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Characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying increased ischemic damage in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genetic...Characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying increased ischemic damage in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genetic...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Characterization of the molecular mechanisms underlying increased ischemic damage in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genetic polymorphism using a human induced pluripotent stem cell model system. AU - Ebert, Antje D.. AU - Kodo, Kazuki. AU - Liang, Ping. AU - Wu, Haodi. AU - Huber, Bruno C.. AU - Riegler, Johannes. AU - Churko, Jared. AU - Lee, Jaecheol. AU - De Almeida, Patricia. AU - Lan, Feng. AU - Diecke, Sebastian. AU - Burridge, Paul W.. AU - Gold, Joseph D.. AU - Mochly-Rosen, Daria. AU - Wu, Joseph C.. PY - 2014/9/24. Y1 - 2014/9/24. N2 - Nearly 8% of the human population carries an inactivating point mutation in the gene that encodes the cardioprotective enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2). This genetic polymorphism (ALDH2∗2) is linked to more severe outcomes from ischemic heart damage and an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), but the underlying molecular bases are unknown. We investigated the ALDH2∗2 mechanisms in a human model system of induced ...
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New study challenges claims on aldehyde content of third generation e-cigarettesNew study challenges claims on aldehyde content of third generation e-cigarettes
In January 2015 a report published as a research letter to the New England Journal of Medicine (NEJM) found that a 3rd generation e-cigarette (an e-cigarette with variable power settings) set to the maximum power and long ...
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Acetaldehyde dehydrogenaseAcetaldehyde dehydrogenase
BCKDHABCKDHA
Alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked)Alkanal monooxygenase (FMN-linked)
OxidoreductaseOxidoreductase
ZiprasidoneZiprasidone
IsovanillinIsovanillin
LenvatinibLenvatinib
MolybdenumMolybdenum
SerotoninSerotonin
Molybdenum cofactor sulfurtransferaseMolybdenum cofactor sulfurtransferase
AllopurinolAllopurinol
Molybdenum cofactor deficiencyMolybdenum cofactor deficiency
MOCOSMOCOS
PhenethylaminePhenethylamine
ZaleplonZaleplon
Cyclic pyranopterin monophosphateCyclic pyranopterin monophosphate
MolybdopterinMolybdopterin
Indole-3-acetaldehydeIndole-3-acetaldehyde
PCM1PCM1
Drug metabolismDrug metabolism
Xanthine dehydrogenaseXanthine dehydrogenase
List of EC numbers (EC 1)List of EC numbers (EC 1)
AOC2AOC2
SparteineSparteine
Elastic fiberElastic fiber
AgmatineAgmatine
TrimethylglycineTrimethylglycine
PhenethylaminePhenethylamine
Retinal oxidaseRetinal oxidase
Thiamine oxidaseThiamine oxidase
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation SciencePublication Characteristics
Aldehyde OxidaseAldehydesAldehyde OxidoreductasesXanthine OxidaseAldehyde DehydrogenaseBenzaldehydesXanthine DehydrogenaseNADPH OxidaseMolybdenumPteridinesRutaCoenzymesLiverOxidation-ReductionMonoamine OxidaseAllopurinolMetalloproteinsProtein-Lysine 6-OxidaseOxidoreductasesFlavoproteinsFenthionPhthalazinesKineticsSpecies SpecificityDrosophila melanogasterPubMedPeriodicals as TopicDrosophilaDrosophila ProteinsBooksManducaAlkadienesMothsPheromonesAntibodies, MonoclonalBiotinXanthineChloromercurinitrophenolsResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.QuinolinesQuinolonesPhenylurea CompoundsIsocarboxazidBiotransformationMicrosomes, LiverAlkynesPalladiumRhodiumCyclizationCatalysisTransilluminationRaloxifeneSubstrate SpecificityCytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
Aldehyde oxidase as a cell marker for internal organs in Drosophila melanogaster. - PubMed - NCBIAldehyde oxidase as a cell marker for internal organs in Drosophila melanogaster. - PubMed - NCBI
Strategies for a comprehensive understanding of metabolism by aldehyde oxidaseStrategies for a comprehensive understanding of metabolism by aldehyde oxidase
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Aryl-aldehyde oxidase - WikipediaAryl-aldehyde oxidase - Wikipedia
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Aldehyde oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase, a/b hammerhead (IPR000674) | InterPro | EMBL-EBIAldehyde oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase, a/b hammerhead (IPR000674) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
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AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation SciencePublication Characteristics
Aldehyde OxidaseAldehydesAldehyde OxidoreductasesXanthine OxidaseAldehyde DehydrogenaseBenzaldehydesXanthine DehydrogenaseNADPH OxidaseMolybdenumPteridinesRutaCoenzymesLiverOxidation-ReductionMonoamine OxidaseAllopurinolMetalloproteinsProtein-Lysine 6-OxidaseOxidoreductasesFlavoproteinsFenthionPhthalazinesKineticsSpecies SpecificityDrosophila melanogasterPubMedPeriodicals as TopicDrosophilaDrosophila ProteinsBooksManducaAlkadienesMothsPheromonesAntibodies, MonoclonalBiotinXanthineChloromercurinitrophenolsResearch Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.QuinolinesQuinolonesPhenylurea CompoundsIsocarboxazidBiotransformationMicrosomes, LiverAlkynesPalladiumRhodiumCyclizationCatalysisTransilluminationRaloxifeneSubstrate SpecificityCytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
Xanthine oxidoreductaseMolybdenumOxidoreductasesMetabolismInhibitionSubstratesBiosynthesisDrugsInternalEnzymeSulfite oxidaseMammalian aldehyde oxidase gene familyAbstractAox1Liver aldehyde oxidaseHepaticDegradationAbscisicOxidoreductaseGlucose-6-phosphate dMitochondrialMonoamine oxidaseAlcoholVariety of aldehydesNADHAmineProteinCharacterizationCarboxylic acidsHydrogen peroxideCloningNADPHDehydrogenasesPartially purifiedConvertsRetinalTissuesPrimarilyRabbitOxidizesProteinsHumansElectronAllopurinol
Xanthine oxidoreductase2
Molybdenum2
Oxidoreductases1
Metabolism1
Inhibition1
  • Marketed drugs cleared by aldehyde oxidase (AO) are few, with no known clinically relevant pharmacokinetic drug interactions associated with AO inhibition, whereas cytochrome P450 (P450) inhibition or induction mediates a number of clinical drug interactions. (unthsc.edu)
Substrates3
  • Aldehyde oxidase (AO) is a drug-metabolizing molybdo-flavoenzyme with profound species differences in expression and activity toward various substrates. (nih.gov)
  • Both proteins prefer indole-3-aldehyde and naphthaldehyde as substrates, although high activities against abscisic aldehyde and citral were also observed. (usda.gov)
  • The Km values of PsAO3 for naphthaldehyde and abscisic aldehyde (4.6 and 5.1 μM, respectively) were the lowest among the substrates tested. (usda.gov)
Biosynthesis1
Drugs1
  • This chapter discusses the significance of aldehyde oxidases for the design and development of new drugs, and discusses associated problems. (unl.pt)
Internal1
Enzyme20
Sulfite oxidase7
Mammalian aldehyde oxidase gene family1
Abstract1
  • abstract = "This chapter discusses the significance of aldehyde oxidases for the design and development of new drugs, and discusses associated problems. (unl.pt)
Aox14
  • In humans, a single aldehyde oxidase gene ( AOX1 ) and two pseudogenes clustering on a short stretch of chromosome 2q are known. (nih.gov)
  • AOX1: Aldehyde oxidase produces hydrogen peroxide and, under certain conditions, can catalyze the formation of superoxide. (mybiosource.com)
  • Fu C, Di L, Han X, Soderstrom C, Snyder M, Troutman MD, Obach RS, Zhang H. Aldehyde oxidase 1 (AOX1) in human liver cytosols: quantitative characterization of AOX1 expression level and activity relationship. (proteopedia.org)
  • These included genes predicted to encode acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh1) and alcohol oxidase (Aox1). (edu.au)
Liver aldehyde oxidase3
Hepatic1
Degradation2
Abscisic8
  • Aldehyde oxidase (AO) plays important role in plant hormone biosynthetic pathways, such as abscisic acid (ABA) and indole- 3-acetic acid (IAA). (who.int)
  • EC 1.2.3.1) catalyzes the final step of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, which is the oxidation of abscisic aldehyde (ABAld) to ABA. (usda.gov)
  • Both proteins prefer indole-3-aldehyde and naphthaldehyde as substrates, although high activities against abscisic aldehyde and citral were also observed. (usda.gov)
  • The Km values of PsAO3 for naphthaldehyde and abscisic aldehyde (4.6 and 5.1 μM, respectively) were the lowest among the substrates tested. (usda.gov)
  • Recombinant ABA2 protein produced in Escherichia coli exhibits a K m value for xanthoxin of 19 μM and catalyzes in a NAD-dependent manner the conversion of xanthoxin to abscisic aldehyde, as determined by HPLC-mass spectrometry. (plantcell.org)
  • The results of this work are discussed in the context of previous genetic and biochemical evidence regarding ABA biosynthesis, confirming the xanthoxin→abscisic aldehyde→ABA transition as the last steps of the major ABA biosynthetic pathway. (plantcell.org)
  • As a consequence, there is a nonenzymatic desaturation of the 2′-3′ bond and opening of the epoxide ring to form abscisic aldehyde. (plantphysiol.org)
  • In the final step of the pathway, abscisic aldehyde is oxidized to ABA. (plantphysiol.org)
Oxidoreductase3
Glucose-6-phosphate d1
  • Ahd-1 (encoding AHD-A 2 ) was found on chromosome 4 near Gpd-1 (encoding the liver isozyme of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase), whereas the aldehyde oxidase loci (Aox-1, Aox-2) were closely linked on chromosome 1 near Id-1 (encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase). (springer.com)
Mitochondrial1
  • Holmes, R.S., 1978b, Genetics and ontogeny of aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes in the mouse: localization of Ahd-1 encoding the mitochondrial isozymes on chromosome 4, Biochem. (springer.com)
Monoamine oxidase2
Alcohol2
Variety of aldehydes1
  • The antennal AOX is a dimer with Mr of 295 kDa and is capable of oxidizing a variety of aldehydes. (jneurosci.org)
NADH1
Amine1
Protein1
Characterization2
Carboxylic acids1
Hydrogen peroxide1
Cloning1
  • Molecular cloning of retinal oxidase/aldehyde oxidase cDNAs from rabbit and mouse livers and functional expression of recombinant mouse retinal oxidase cDNA in Escherichia coli. (genome.jp)
NADPH1
Dehydrogenases1
  • In Arthrobacter globiformis , DMG demethylation to sarcosine is catalyzed by a DMG oxidase with similarity to eukaryotic DMG dehydrogenases ( 24 ). (asm.org)
Partially purified2
Converts1
  • In Corynebacterium ( 8 , 37 ) and Arthrobacter ( 24 ), a heterotetrameric sarcosine oxidase converts sarcosine into glycine. (asm.org)
Retinal1
  • Also known as Aldehyde oxidase 4 (Aldehyde oxidase homolog 2) (Azaheterocycle hydroxylase 4) (Retinal oxidase). (mybiosource.com)
Tissues1
  • Aldehyde oxidase (AO) has been detected histochemically in selected larval tissues and imaginal discs of ten picture-winged Hawaiian Drosophila species chosen to represent four cytological subgroups. (ucf.edu)
Primarily1
  • Zaleplon is primarily metabolized by aldehyde oxidase to form 5-oxo-zaleplon. (nih.gov)
Rabbit1
  • Rashidi MR, Smith JA, Clarke SE, Beedham C. In vitro oxidation of famciclovir and 6-deoxypenciclovir by aldehyde oxidase from human, guinea pig, rabbit, and rat liver. (proteopedia.org)
Oxidizes1
Proteins1
Humans1
  • In humans, after oral administration of 35 S-6-mercaptopurine, urine contains intact mercaptopurine, thiouric acid (formed by direct oxidation by xanthine oxidase, probably via 6-mercapto-8-hydroxypurine), and a number of 6-methylated thiopurines. (drugbank.ca)
Electron1
Allopurinol2
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DailyMed - SONATA - zaleplon capsule
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The genetics of gout: towards personalised medicine? | BMC Medicine | Full Text
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Plus it
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Formaldehyde
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Identification and Characterization of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis-Related Genes in Kohlrabi | Springer for Research & Development
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