Aldehyde Dehydrogenase
Ketone Bodies
Transferases
Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.
Glutathione Transferase
Alkyl and Aryl Transferases
Coenzyme A-Transferases
Methyl n-Butyl Ketone
Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups)
Tosyllysine Chloromethyl Ketone
Aldehyde Reductase
Tosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl Ketone
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid
DNA Nucleotidylexotransferase
Stereoisomerism
Alcohols
Catalysis
Substrate Specificity
Acetaldehyde
Molecular Structure
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones
Liver
Alcohol Oxidoreductases
A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).
Disulfiram
A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Oxidation-Reduction
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Alkenes
Peptidyl Transferases
N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases
Amino Acid Sequence
ADP Ribose Transferases
Enzymes that transfer the ADP-RIBOSE group of NAD or NADP to proteins or other small molecules. Transfer of ADP-ribose to water (i.e., hydrolysis) is catalyzed by the NADASES. The mono(ADP-ribose)transferases transfer a single ADP-ribose. POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASES transfer multiple units of ADP-ribose to protein targets, building POLY ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSE in linear or branched chains.
Retinal Dehydrogenase
Isoenzymes
Acyltransferases
Farnesyltranstransferase
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Ketosis
NAD
A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Cyclization
Cyanamide
Hydrogenation
Base Sequence
Acetone
Dinitrochlorobenzene
Galactosyltransferases
N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferases
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Cloning, Molecular
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
NADP
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Chemistry, Organic
Protein Prenylation
Binding Sites
Ketogenic Diet
Alkynes
gamma-Glutamyltransferase
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Glutathione
Silanes
Glycosyltransferases
Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glycosyl groups to an acceptor. Most often another carbohydrate molecule acts as an acceptor, but inorganic phosphate can also act as an acceptor, such as in the case of PHOSPHORYLASES. Some of the enzymes in this group also catalyze hydrolysis, which can be regarded as transfer of a glycosyl group from the donor to water. Subclasses include the HEXOSYLTRANSFERASES; PENTOSYLTRANSFERASES; SIALYLTRANSFERASES; and those transferring other glycosyl groups. EC 2.4.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
Carboxylic Acids
Cytosol
Enzyme Inhibitors
DNA Nucleotidyltransferases
Structure-Activity Relationship
Fatty Acids
Models, Molecular
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Sjogren-Larsson Syndrome
Mutation
Microsomes, Liver
Amines
Palladium
Alkanes
Amino Acids
Rhodium
Aldehyde-Lyases
UTP-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase
Acetyl-CoA C-Acetyltransferase
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Coenzymes
Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques
Glucuronosyltransferase
Models, Chemical
Lipid Peroxidation
Pentosyltransferases
Metabolic Detoxication, Drug
Waxes
A plastic substance deposited by insects or obtained from plants. Waxes are esters of various fatty acids with higher, usually monohydric alcohols. The wax of pharmacy is principally yellow wax (beeswax), the material of which honeycomb is made. It consists chiefly of cerotic acid and myricin and is used in making ointments, cerates, etc. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Acetates
Catalytic Domain
Indicators and Reagents
Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)
Protein Binding
Chemistry
Cattle
Apoptosis
One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.
Rats, Inbred Strains
Volatile Organic Compounds
Alkylation
Amination
Hydrocarbons, Aromatic
Mitochondria, Liver
Mitochondria in hepatocytes. As in all mitochondria, there are an outer membrane and an inner membrane, together creating two separate mitochondrial compartments: the internal matrix space and a much narrower intermembrane space. In the liver mitochondrion, an estimated 67% of the total mitochondrial proteins is located in the matrix. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p343-4)
Chemical Phenomena
Ethanol
A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
Crystallography, X-Ray
Glycosylation
Biocatalysis
1-Propanol
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Mass Spectrometry
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Phosphoramide Mustards
Epoxy Compounds
Enzyme Induction
Glucosyltransferases
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Carbohydrate Sequence
Boranes
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors
Coumaric Acids
Organic Chemistry Phenomena
Hydrazones
Oxidoreductases
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
Mannich Bases
Temperature
Heterocyclic Compounds
Enzyme Activation
Fatty Alcohols
Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
UDPglucose-Hexose-1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase
Chromatography, Gel
Cells, Cultured
Sparsomycin
Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate and hypoxanthine, guanine, or 6-mercaptopurine to the corresponding 5'-mononucleotides and pyrophosphate. The enzyme is important in purine biosynthesis as well as central nervous system functions. Complete lack of enzyme activity is associated with the LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME, while partial deficiency results in overproduction of uric acid. EC 2.4.2.8.
Acyl Coenzyme A
Mannosyltransferases
Chromatography, Gas
Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.
Volatilization
Enzyme Stability
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Glucose
Isoelectric Focusing
Microsomes
Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Organometallic Compounds
Phosphines
Ethanolaminephosphotransferase
Methyltransferases
Butylene Glycols
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Protease Inhibitors
Molybdenum
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Oxidative Stress
DNA Primers
Monoterpenes
Compounds with a core of 10 carbons generally formed via the mevalonate pathway from the combination of 3,3-dimethylallyl pyrophosphate and isopentenyl pyrophosphate. They are cyclized and oxidized in a variety of ways. Due to the low molecular weight many of them exist in the form of essential oils (OILS, VOLATILE).
Xanthine Oxidase
Acetyl Coenzyme A
Tungsten
Tungsten. A metallic element with the atomic symbol W, atomic number 74, and atomic weight 183.85. It is used in many manufacturing applications, including increasing the hardness, toughness, and tensile strength of steel; manufacture of filaments for incandescent light bulbs; and in contact points for automotive and electrical apparatus.
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Overproduction of Pex5p stimulates import of alcohol oxidase and dihydroxyacetone synthase in a Hansenula polymorpha Pex14 null mutant. (1/27)
Hansenula polymorpha Deltapex14 cells are affected in peroxisomal matrix protein import and lack normal peroxisomes. Instead, they contain peroxisomal membrane remnants, which harbor a very small amount of the major peroxisomal matrix enzymes alcohol oxidase (AO) and dihydroxyacetone synthase (DHAS). The bulk of these proteins is, however, mislocated in the cytosol. Here, we show that in Deltapex14 cells overproduction of the PTS1 receptor, Pex5p, leads to enhanced import of the PTS1 proteins AO and DHAS but not of the PTS2 protein amine oxidase. The import of the PTS1 protein catalase (CAT) was not stimulated by Pex5p overproduction. The difference in import behavior of AO and CAT was not related to their PTS1, since green fluorescent protein fused to the PTS1 of either AO or CAT were both not imported in Deltapex14 cells overproducing Pex5p. When produced in a wild type control strain, both proteins were normally imported into peroxisomes. In Deltapex14 cells overproducing Pex5p, Pex5p had a dual location and was localized in the cytosol and bound to the outer surface of the peroxisomal membrane. Our results indicate that binding of Pex5p to the peroxisomal membrane and import of certain PTS1 proteins can proceed in the absence of Pex14p. (+info)Bacterial SLH domain proteins are non-covalently anchored to the cell surface via a conserved mechanism involving wall polysaccharide pyruvylation. (2/27)
Several bacterial proteins are non-covalently anchored to the cell surface via an S-layer homology (SLH) domain. Previous studies have suggested that this cell surface display mechanism involves a non-covalent interaction between the SLH domain and peptidoglycan-associated polymers. Here we report the characterization of a two-gene operon, csaAB, for cell surface anchoring, in Bacillus anthracis. Its distal open reading frame (csaB) is required for the retention of SLH-containing proteins on the cell wall. Biochemical analysis of cell wall components showed that CsaB was involved in the addition of a pyruvyl group to a peptidoglycan-associated polysaccharide fraction, and that this modification was necessary for binding of the SLH domain. The csaAB operon is present in several bacterial species that synthesize SLH-containing proteins. This observation and the presence of pyruvate in the cell wall of the corresponding bacteria suggest that the mechanism described in this study is widespread among bacteria. (+info)Regulation and evaluation of five methanol-inducible promoters in the methylotrophic yeast Candida boidinii. (3/27)
We isolated the promoter regions of five methanol-inducible genes (P(AOD1), alcohol oxidase; P(DAS1), dihydroxyacetone synthase; P(FDH1), formate dehydrogenase; P(PMP20), Pmp20; and P(PMP47), Pmp47) from the Candida boidinii genome, and evaluated their strength and studied their regulation using the acid phosphatase gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ScPHO5) as the reporter. Of the five promoters, P(DAS1) was the strongest methanol-inducible promoter whose strength was approximately 1.5 times higher than that of the commonly used P(AOD1) in methanol-induced cells. Although the expression of P(AOD1) and P(DAS1) was completely repressed by the presence of glucose, formate-induced expression of P(FDH1) was not repressed by glucose. Expression under P(PMP47), another methanol-inducible promoter, was highly induced by oleate. The induction kinetics of P(PMP47) and P(DAS1) revealed that methanol induces the expression of peroxisome membrane protein Pmp47, earlier than the expression of matrix enzyme dihydroxyacetone synthase (Das1p), and that this information is contained in the promoter region of the respective gene. This is the first report which evaluates several methanol-inducible promoters in parallel in the methylotrophic yeast. (+info)A methylotrophic pathway participates in pectin utilization by Candida boidinii. (4/27)
The methylotrophic yeast Candida boidinii S2 was found to be able to grow on pectin or polygalacturonate as a carbon source. When cells were grown on 1% (wt/vol) pectin, C. boidinii exhibited induced levels of the pectin-depolymerizing enzymes pectin methylesterase (208 mU/mg of protein), pectin lyase (673 mU/mg), pectate lyase (673 mU/mg), and polygalacturonase (3.45 U/mg) and two methanol-metabolizing peroxisomal enzymes, alcohol oxidase (0.26 U/mg) and dihydroxyacetone synthase (94 mU/mg). The numbers of peroxisomes also increased ca. two- to threefold in cells grown on these pectic compounds (3.34 and 2.76 peroxisomes/cell for cells grown on pectin and polygalacturonate, respectively) compared to the numbers in cells grown on glucose (1.29 peroxisomes/cell). The cell density obtained with pectin increased as the degree of methyl esterification of pectic compounds increased, and it decreased in strains from which genes encoding alcohol oxidase and dihydroxyacetone synthase were deleted and in a peroxisome assembly mutant. Our study showed that methanol metabolism and peroxisome assembly play important roles in the degradation of pectin, especially in the utilization of its methyl ester moieties. (+info)Alcohol oxidase and dihydroxyacetone synthase, the abundant peroxisomal proteins of methylotrophic yeasts, assemble in different cellular compartments. (5/27)
Alcohol oxidase (AO) and dihydroxyacetone synthase (DHAS) constitute the bulk of matrix proteins in methylotrophic yeasts, model organisms for the study of peroxisomal assembly. Both are homooligomers; AO is a flavin-containing octamer, whereas DHAS is a thiamine pyrophosphate-containing dimer. Experiments in recent years have demonstrated that assembly of peroxisomal oligomers can occur before import; indeed the absence of chaperones within the peroxisomal matrix calls into question the ability of this compartment to assemble proteins at all. We have taken a direct pulse-chase approach to monitor import and assembly of the two major proteins of peroxisomes in Candida boidinii. Oligomers of AO are not observed in the cytosol, consistent with the proteins inability to undergo piggyback import. Indeed, oligomerization of AO can be followed within the peroxisomal matrix, directly demonstrating the capacity of this compartment for protein assembly. By contrast, DHAS quickly dimerizes in the cytosol before import. Binding and import was slowed at 15 degrees C; the effect on AO was more dramatic. In conclusion, our data indicate that peroxisomes assemble AO in the matrix, while DHAS undergoes dimerization prior to import. (+info)The final acylation step in taxol biosynthesis: cloning of the taxoid C13-side-chain N-benzoyltransferase from Taxus. (6/27)
The formation of several acyl groups and an amide group of Taxol is catalyzed by regioselective CoA thioester-dependent acyltransferases. Several full-length acyltransferase sequences, obtained from a cDNA library constructed from mRNA isolated from Taxus cuspidata cells induced for Taxol production with methyl jasmonate, were individually expressed in Escherichia coli, from which a cDNA clone encoding a 3'-N-debenzoyl- 2'-deoxytaxol N-benzoyltransferase was identified. This recombinant enzyme catalyzes the stereoselective coupling of the surrogate substrate N-debenzoyl-(3'RS)-2'-deoxytaxol with benzoyl-CoA to form predominantly one 3'-epimer of 2'-deoxytaxol. The product 2'-deoxytaxol was confirmed by radio-HPLC,(1)H-NMR, and chemical ionization-MS. This enzymatic reaction constitutes the final acylation in the Taxol biosynthetic pathway. The full-length cDNA coding for the N-benzoyltransferase has an ORF of 1,323 nucleotides and encodes a 441-residue protein with a calculated molecular weight of 49,040. The recombinant enzyme expressed in E. coli has a pH optimum at 8.0, a k(cat) approximately 1.5 +/- 0.3 s(-1) and K(m) values of 0.42 mM and 0.40 mM for the N-deacylated taxoid and benzoyl-CoA, respectively. In addition to improving the production yields of Taxol in genetically engineered host systems, this enzyme provides a means of attaching modified aroyl groups to taxoid precursors for the purpose of improving drug efficacy. (+info)Import of assembled PTS1 proteins into peroxisomes of the yeast Hansenula polymorpha: yes and no! (7/27)
Previously, Waterham et al. [EMBO J. 12 (1993) 4785] reported that cytosolic oligomeric alcohol oxidase (AO) is not incorporated into peroxisomes after reassembly of the organelles in the temperature-sensitive peroxisome-deficient mutant pex1-6(ts) of Hansenula polymorpha shifted to permissive growth conditions. Here, we show that the failure to import assembled AO protein is not exemplary for other folded proteins because both an artificial peroxisomal matrix protein, PTS1-tagged GFP (GFP.SKL), and the endogenous dimeric PTS1 protein dihydroxyacetone synthase (DHAS) were imported under identical conditions. In vitro receptor-ligand binding studies using immobilised H. polymorpha Pex5p and crude extracts of methanol-induced pex1-6(ts) cells, showed that AO octamers did not interact with the recombinant PTS1 receptor, at conditions that allowed binding of folded GFP.SKL and dimeric DHAS. This shows that import of oligomeric proteins is not a universal pathway for peroxisomal matrix proteins. (+info)Transcriptional down-regulation of peroxisome numbers affects selective peroxisome degradation in Hansenula polymorpha. (8/27)
We have isolated and characterized a novel transcription factor of Hansenula polymorpha that is involved in the regulation of peroxisomal protein levels. This protein, designated Mpp1p, belongs to the family of Zn(II)2Cys6 proteins. In cells deleted for the function of Mpp1p the levels of various proteins involved in peroxisome biogenesis (peroxins) and function (enzymes) are reduced compared with wild type or, in the case of the matrix protein dihydroxyacetone synthase, fully absent. Also, upon induction of mpp1 cells on methanol, the number of peroxisomes was strongly reduced relative to wild type cells and generally amounted to one organelle per cell. Remarkably, this single organelle was not susceptible to selective peroxisome degradation (pexophagy) and remained unaffected during exposure of methanol-induced cells to excess glucose conditions. We show that this mechanism is a general phenomenon in H. polymorpha in the case of cells that contain only a single peroxisome. (+info)
Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Peroxisomes induced in Candida boidinii by methanol, oleic acid and D-alanine vary in metabolic function but share common...
Peroxisomal assembly: membrane proliferation precedes the induction of the abundant matrix proteins in the methylotrophic yeast...
A Comparative Study on VOCs and Aldehyde-Ketone Emissions from a Spark Ignition Vehicle Fuelled on Compressed Natural Gas and...
EFFICACY OF HIGH-DOSE INTRAVENOUS STEROID TREATMENT IN METHANOL-INDUCED OPTIC NEUROPATHY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
|...
Adaptation of Hansenula polymorpha to methanol: a transcriptome analysis | BMC Genomics | Full Text
Formate dehydrogenase Candida boidinii Enzyme - Megazyme
Matrix® Enzyme Detergent Pre‑Spray and Spotter
The methanol-induced conformational transitions of beta-lactoglobulin, cytochrome c, and ubiquitin at low pH: A study by...
Insulin hormone molecule, illustration - Stock Image F019/2376 - Science Photo Library
ORFC2 - Uncharacterized protein ORFC2 - Goose circovirus (GoCV) - ORFC2 gene & protein
On-line monitoring and control of methanol concentration in shake-flask cultures of Pichia pastoris | UBC Chemistry
KRIBB: Search Results
Regulation of the Key Enzymes of Methylated Amine Metabolism in Candida boidinii | Microbiology Society
Expression and characterization of the hepatitis E virus ORF3 protein in the methylotrophic yeast, Pichia pastoris<...
Genetic Evidence for the Role of the Vacuole in Supplying Secretory Organelles with Ca2 in Hansenula polymorpha - pdf descargar
Alcohol Oxidase - AP20103AF-N | acris-antibodies.com
The Many Gaps of Methanol Poisoning - AJKD Blog
Dihydroxyacetone | C3H6O3 - PubChem
Dihydroxyacetone | Define Dihydroxyacetone at Dictionary.com
CCCC 1987, Volume 52, Issue 12, Abstracts pp. 3024-3033, Cited by
| Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications
Production of Δ<sup>1</sup>-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid by the biosynthetic enzyme secreted from transgenic Pichia...
2013 - EQUIPMENT BOKU VIENNA INSTITUTE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY GMBH
Water-compatible organocatalysts for direct asymmetric syn-aldol reactions of dihydroxyacetone and aldehydes
Webinar on Methanols Role to Decarbonization
PMP Processes ITTO by Tarek Abd-Ellatif on Prezi
Catalysts | Free Full-Text | Catalytic Isomerization of Dihydroxyacetone to Lactic Acid and Alkyl Lactates over Hierarchical...
The EPA National Library Catalog | EPA National Library Network | US EPA
NAVER Academic | Cloning ofCandida boidinii DNA fragments promoting autonomous replication of plasmids inSaccharomyces...
Dihydroxyacetone
Summary Report | CureHunter
1,3-Dihydroxyacetone dimer M040100
Ethanol - Analox
Flavin adenine dinucleotide
MAO oxidizes primary, secondary and tertiary amines, which nonenzymatically hydrolyze from the imine to aldehyde or ketone. ... Of all flavoproteins, 90% perform redox reactions and the other 10% are transferases, lyases, isomerases, ligases. Monoamine ... to form an isoprenoid aldehyde and the freed cysteine residue on the protein target. The FAD is non-covalently bound to PCLase ...
Acetolactate synthase
... which is classified under the transferases that transfer aldehyde or ketone residues. In this case, acetolactase synthase is a ... These act on a ketone (pyruvate) and can go back and forth in the metabolic chain. These are found in humans, animals, plants, ...
Transferase
Enzymes that transfer aldehyde or ketone groups and included in EC 2.2. This category consists of various transketolases and ... Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase deficiency (or SCOT deficiency) leads to a buildup of ketones.Ketones are created upon ... Transaldolase, the namesake of aldehyde transferases, is an important part of the pentose phosphate pathway. The reaction it ... Transferase deficiencies are at the root of many common illnesses. The most common result of a transferase deficiency is a ...
List of enzymes
Category:EC 2.2 (transfer aldehyde or ketone groups)Edit. *Category:EC 2.2.1 *Transketolase EC 2.2.1.1 ... Category:Transferases (EC 2) (Transferase)Edit. *Glutathione S-transferase. Category:EC 2.1 (transfer one-carbon groups, ... 2 Category:Transferases (EC 2) (Transferase) *2.1 Category:EC 2.1 (transfer one-carbon groups, Methylase) ... Category:EC 1.2 (act on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors)Edit. *Category:EC 1.2.1 (with NAD+ or NADP+ as acceptor) * ...
Epothilone
Ozonolysis of the silyl ether and Lindgren-Pinnick oxidation of the aldehyde afforded the keto acid. Ketone 2 was constructed ... while the second methyl group was integrated by a C-methyl-transferase domain. Discodermolide Rosenberg, Steven; DeVita, ... Ozonolysis, the last step of the Enders alkylation, was followed by reduction of the aldehyde and silylation of the resulting ... Asymmetric allylboration of the α,β-unsaturated aldehyde and protection of the hydroxy group gave the silyl ether, whose the ...
Caspase 8
1qdu: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF CASPASE-8 WITH THE TRIPEPTIDE KETONE INHIBITOR ZEVD-DCBMK ... 1qtn: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF CASPASE-8 WITH THE TETRAPEPTIDE INHIBITOR ACE-IETD-ALDEHYDE ... EC2 Transferases (list). *EC3 Hydrolases (list). *EC4 Lyases (list). *EC5 Isomerases (list) ...
List of MeSH codes (D08)
... aldehyde dehydrogenase MeSH D08.811.682.657.163.249.750 - omega-crystallins MeSH D08.811.682.657.163.311 - aldehyde oxidase ... glutathione transferase MeSH D08.811.913.225.500.500 - glutathione S-transferase pi MeSH D08.811.913.225.575 - ... ketone oxidoreductases MeSH D08.811.682.657.350.750 - ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex MeSH D08.811.682.657.350.750.500 - ... adp ribose transferases MeSH D08.811.913.400.725.115.180 - cholera toxin MeSH D08.811.913.400.725.115.220 - diphtheria toxin ...
Metabolism
Carbohydrates are aldehydes or ketones, with many hydroxyl groups attached, that can exist as straight chains or rings. ... Sheehan D, Meade G, Foley VM, Dowd CA (November 2001). "Structure, function and evolution of glutathione transferases: ... As a result, after long-term starvation, vertebrates need to produce ketone bodies from fatty acids to replace glucose in ... In humans, these include cytochrome P450 oxidases, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, and glutathione S-transferases. This system of ...
Drosophila melanogaster
... thereby preventing the breakdown of toxic levels of alcohols into aldehydes and ketones. While ethanol produced by decaying ... a member of the omega class glutathione S-transferases". The Biochemical Journal. 398 (3): 451-60. doi:10.1042/BJ20060424. PMC ... Winberg JO, McKinley-McKee JS (February 1998). "Drosophila melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase: mechanism of aldehyde oxidation ...
AKR1B1
... dependent enzyme catalyzing the reduction of various aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding alcohol. The involvement in ... EC2 Transferases (list). *EC3 Hydrolases (list). *EC4 Lyases (list). *EC5 Isomerases (list) ... dependent enzyme catalyzing the reduction of various aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding alcohol. It also participates ... cDNAs and deduced amino acid sequences of human aldehyde and aldose reductases". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264 (16 ...
Naturally occurring phenols
Phenolic acids, Phenolic aldehydes Gallic, salicylic acids 8 C6-C2 1 Acetophenones, Tyrosine derivatives, Phenylacetic acids 3- ... Raspberry ketone. a compound with an intense raspberry smell Salicylic acid. precursor compound to Aspirin (chemical synthesis ... These reactions are catalysed by a large group of broad-specificity transferases. UGT1A6 is a human gene encoding a phenol UDP ... and other bisphenols produced from ketones and phenol / cresol BHT. (butylated hydroxytoluene) - a fat-soluble antioxidant and ...
Phenols
Raspberry ketone. a compound with an intense raspberry smell. Salicylic acid. precursor compound to Aspirin (chemical synthesis ... Phenolic acids, Phenolic aldehydes. Gallic, salicylic acids. 8. C6-C2. 1. Acetophenones, Tyrosine derivatives, Phenylacetic ... These reactions are catalysed by a large group of broad-specificity transferases. UGT1A6 is a human gene encoding a phenol UDP ... Aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) uses an aromatic alcohol and NADP+ to produce an aromatic aldehyde, NADPH and H+. ...
Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
"Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases" was a ... "Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases*Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases. *Aldehyde Ketone Transferases. *Transferases, Aldehyde-Ketone ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases" by people in Profiles. ...
Direct link
One-pot biocatalytic amine transaminase/acyl transferase cascade for aqueous formation of amides from aldehydes or ketones. ... amine transaminase/acyl transferase cascade for the formation of amides from the corresponding aldehydes and ketones in aqueous ... An enzymatic one-pot one-step cascade was developed for the formation of amides from aldehydes in water that gave 97% ... Amine transaminases are promising catalysts due to their ability to perform reductive amination of ketones with excellent ...
Transferase - Wikipedia
Enzymes that transfer aldehyde or ketone groups and included in EC 2.2. This category consists of various transketolases and ... Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase deficiency (or SCOT deficiency) leads to a buildup of ketones. Ketones are created upon ... Transaldolase, the namesake of aldehyde transferases, is an important part of the pentose phosphate pathway. The reaction it ... Transferase deficiencies are at the root of many common illnesses. The most common result of a transferase deficiency is a ...
Comprehensive Overview of Metabolic Enzymes: How they Work
Single carbon transferases. *Ketone transferases. *Aldehyde transferases. *Acyl Transferases. *Glycosyl transferases. *Hexosyl ... Transferase. Transferase refers to a relatively large group of enzymes that are involved in the metabolic process of the human ... Metal transferases. Deficiencies of transferase enzymes in the body have been linked to the development of many different ... A transferase enzyme acts between two molecules in the body, called the donor and the acceptor. These enzymes are also involved ...
Transketolase
Summary Report | CureHunter
An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the conversion of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate ... Transferases: 4296*Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases*Transketolase: 290*Craterostigma plantagineum Tkt10 protein. *Craterostigma ... An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the conversion of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate ...
EP2051590B1 - Enzyme granules for animal feed
- Google Patents
a Transferases transferring one-carbon groups (EC 2.1);. *b transferases transferring aldehyde or ketone residues (EC 2.2); ... e transferases transferring nitrogeneous groups (EC 2.6).. A most preferred type of transferase in the context of the invention ... d transferases transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other that methyl groups (EC 2.5); and ... transferases (EC 2.-.-.-), hydrolases (EC 3.-.-.-), lyases (EC 4.-.-.-), isomerases (EC 5.-.-.-) and ligases (EC 6.-.-.-). ...
Flavin adenine dinucleotide - Wikipedia
MAO oxidizes primary, secondary and tertiary amines, which nonenzymatically hydrolyze from the imine to aldehyde or ketone. ... Of all flavoproteins, 90% perform redox reactions and the other 10% are transferases, lyases, isomerases, ligases. Monoamine ... to form an isoprenoid aldehyde and the freed cysteine residue on the protein target. The FAD is non-covalently bound to PCLase ...
Transferase | ProSpec
ProSpecs Transferases include: ACAT2 Human, BHMT Human, HMTase Human, PRMT1 Human, PRMT1 Mouse, TDT Human ... Aldehyde and ketone transferases are also heavily involved in reactions that include aldehydes and ketones. Transferase enzymes ... Transferase function. The role of transferases spans a wide variety of domains. Single carbon transferases are involved in the ... About Transferase:. Transferases are a particular class of enzymes that transfer a specific functional group from a donor to an ...
Cyclopentenone Prostaglandins with Dienone Structure Promote Cross-Linking of the Chemoresistance-Inducing Enzyme Glutathione...
1997) Interactions of alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes and ketones with human glutathione S-transferase P1-1. Chem Biol ... glutathione transferase. GSTP1-1. glutathione transferase isoform P1-1. JNK. c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. cyPG. cyclopentenone ... Other α,β-unsaturated carbonyl aldehydes and ketones including acrolein, HNE, and curcumin, as well as the skin sensitizer p- ... Glutathione transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) plays crucial roles in cancer chemoprevention and chemoresistance and is a key target ...
US20070104794A1 - Enzyme granules
- Google Patents
a Transferases transferring one-carbon groups (EC 2.1); * b transferases transferring aldehyde or ketone residues (EC 2.2); ... Preferred transferases are transferases in any of the following sub-classes: * * ... The types of enzymes which may be incorporated in granules of the invention include oxidoreductases (EC 1.-.-.-), transferases ... d transferases transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other that methyl groups (EC 2.5); and ...
Chemopreventive Effects of α-Santalol on Skin Tumor Development in CD-1 and SENCAR Mice | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &...
Other constitutes of oil are aldehydes, ketones, isovaleric aldehyde, santanone, esters, and free acids (40 , 41) . Banerjee et ... Banerjee S., Ecavade A., Rao A. R. Modulatory influence of sandalwood oil on mouse hepatic glutathione-s-transferase activity ... al. (42) reported that p.o. feeding of SW oil caused an increase in glutathione S-transferase activity and acid soluble ...
Glutathione-S-Transferase and Thiol Stress in patients with acute renal failure - Cogprints
... of side-chain alkoxyl radicals on peptides and proteins results in the loss of side-chains as aldehydes and ketones. Free Radic ... Prakash, M and Kedage, V and Muttigi, MS and Nataraj, K and Baig, WW and Attur, RP (2010) Glutathione-S-Transferase and Thiol ... Glutathione-S-transferase; thiol stress; acute renal failure; urine thiols. Subjects:. JOURNALS , Online Journal of Health and ... Glutathione-S-transferases and thiol concentrations in embryonic and early fetal tissues. Human Reproduction 2001;16:2445-2450 ...
DiVA - Søkeresultat
One-pot biocatalytic amine transaminase/acyl transferase cascade for aqueous formation of amides from aldehydes or ketones2016 ... amine transaminase/acyl transferase cascade for the formation of amides from the corresponding aldehydes and ketones in aqueous ... An enzymatic one-pot one-step cascade was developed for the formation of amides from aldehydes in water that gave 97% ...
Acetolactate synthase - wikidoc
Enzýmy - monitor GOOMEDIC gooplex
... aldehyde and ketone transferases EC 2.3: acyl transferases EC 2.4: glycosyl, hexosyl, and pentosyl transferases EC 2.5: alkyl ... phosphorus transferases EC 2.8: sulfur transferases EC 2.9: selenium transferases EC 2.10: metal transferases Role in histo- ... Uses in biotechnology Terminal transferases Glutathione transferases Rubber transferases ... Intramolecular oxidoreductases Intramolecular transferases Intramolecular lyases Mechanisms of isomerases Ring expansion and ...
Scholars
DeCS
Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases - Preferred Concept UI. M0029519. Scope note. Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of aldehyde or ... Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases Entry term(s). Aldehyde Ketone Transferases Transferases, Aldehyde-Ketone ... Aldehyde-ketone transferases Entry term(s):. Aldehyde Ketone Transferases. Transferases, Aldehyde-Ketone. ... Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of aldehyde or ketone residues. EC 2.2.. ...
No questions in Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase - lookformedical.com
Recent questions and answers in Transferases - lookformedical.com
List of protein families with GO categories currently covered by SVMProt
EC2.2 Transferases transferring aldehyde or ketone residues. GO:0016744. 83.87. 99.7. 89.66. 99.23. 0.87. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. ... EC2.6 Transferases transferring nitrogenous groups. GO:0016769. 70.09. 99.03. 60.48. 98.42. 0.64. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. -. - ... EC2.7 Transferases transferring phosphorus-containing groups. GO:0016772. 81.66. 89.05. 79.76. 86.5. 0.70. -. -. -. -. -. -. - ... EC1.2 Oxidoreductases acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors. GO:0016903. 78.96. 98.46. 77.08. 97.25. 0.77. -. -. -. -. ...
Indian Patents. 257922:A PROCESS FOR INCORPORATING ENZYMES INTO LAUNDRY BAR AND A LAUNDRY BAR OBTAINED THEREFROM
a Transferases transferring one-carbon groups (EC 2.1);. b transferases transferring aldehyde or ketone residues (EC 2.2); ... e transferases transferring nitrogeneous groups (EC 2.6). A most preferred type of transferase in the context of the invention ... Preferred transferases are. transferases in any of the following sub-classes:. ... d transferases transferring alkyl or aryl groups, other that methyl groups (EC 2.5); and. ...
TOPICAL METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF EYE DISEASES AND CONDITIONS - Patent application
0062]Transferases transferring one carbon, alkyl, aryl, nitrogenous, aldehyde or ketone groups; transferases; acyltransferases ... 0061]Oxidoreductases acting on the CH, CH2, CH--OH, aldehyde, oxo, CH--CH, CH--NH2, CH--NH, sulfur, phosphorus, arsenic or heme ... 0064]Isomerases such as racemases and epimerases; oxidoreductases; intramolecular transferases or intramolecular lyases; and [ ... glycosyltransferases; transferases transferring phosphorus-, selenium- or sulfur-containing groups; [0063]Lyases such as carbon ...
Structural Biochemistry/Specific Enzymes and Catalytic Mechanisms/Enzyme Classification - Wikibooks, open books for an open...
EC 2.2 includes enzymes that transfer aldehyde or ketone groups. *EC 2.3 includes acyltransferases ... Transferases[edit]. *EC 2.1 includes enzymes that transfer one-carbon groups (methyltransferase) ... EC 4.1 includes lyases that cleave carbon-carbon bonds, such as decarboxylases (EC 4.1.1), aldehyde lyases (EC 4.1.2), oxo acid ... Transferases catalyze group transfer reactions. The transfer occurs from one molecule that will be the donor to another ...
Mining the Unknown: A Systems Approach to Metabolite Identification Combining Genetic and Metabolic Information | proLékaře.cz
TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE (CAS 9027-67-2) Market Research Report 2018
The report generally describes terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, examines its uses, production methods, patents. TERMINAL ... Organic Chemicals Alcohols Alkenes (Olefins) Ethers Organic Acids & Derivatives Aldehydes & Ketones Amines Halogenated Polymers ... Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase prices in other regions. 7. TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE END-USE SECTOR 7.1. ... Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase market forecast. 6. TERMINAL DEOXYNUCLEOTIDYL TRANSFERASE MARKET PRICES. 6.1. Terminal ...
S cerevisiae TKL1 protein
Summary Report | CureHunter
Glycolysis - New World Encyclopedia
transferase. This reaction converts ADP to ATP by an enzymatic transfer of a phosphate to ADP; it is an example of substrate- ... The change in structure is observed through a redox reaction, in which the aldehyde has been reduced to an alcohol, and the ... adjacent carbon has been oxidized to form a ketone. While this reaction is not normally favorable, it is driven by a low ... transferase. The energy expenditure of a second ATP in this step is justified in two ways: the glycolytic process (up to this ...
Enzyme | Article about enzyme by The Free Dictionary
... aldehyde, or ketone group. The sub-subclasses of the oxidoreductases are numbered according to the type of hydrogen (electron) ... In the transferases, the third digit indicates the type of groups transferred; for example, the monocarbonic group may be ... Transferases catalyze the transfer of a particular chemical group from one substance to another. Thus, transaminases transfer ... The transferase class, which includes enzymes that catalyze transfer reactions, is divided into eight subclasses according to ...
Frontiers | Therapeutic Potential of Exogenous Ketone Supplement Induced Ketosis in the Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders:...
Ketone supplementation elevates blood levels of the ketone bodies: D-β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), acetoacetate (AcAc), and acetone ... Ketone supplementation elevates blood levels of the ketone bodies: D-β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), acetoacetate (AcAc), and acetone ... Emerging evidence from numerous studies suggests that administration of exogenous ketone supplements, such as ketone salts or ... such as ketone salts or ketone esters, generates rapid and sustained nutritional ketosis and metabolic changes, which may evoke ...
AlcoholsEnzymesGlutathione transferaseEstersResiduesAlkylSulfur Group TransferasesPeptidyl transferaseInhibitorsDehydrogenasesHydroxylThiolRecombinantPyruvateMethylCatalyzeAlcoholBodiesAmidesMembraneCofactorsClassificationAldosesTransferCarbonBiochemistryGroupReactionsOrganicAcceptorCatalyzesFlavorGlucoseAminoFormMechanismPeopleConversion
Alcohols2
- Prolonged exposure to sunlight or florescent light of vegetable oils contained in transparent vessels are susceptible to photo-induced oxidation that results in formation of potentially toxic peroxides, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes and carboxylic acid. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
- ADHs catalyse the oxidation of a variety of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones. (enetmd.com)
Enzymes8
- Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of aldehyde or ketone residues. (harvard.edu)
- A transferase is any one of a class of enzymes that enact the transfer of specific functional groups (e.g. a methyl or glycosyl group) from one molecule (called the donor) to another (called the acceptor). (wikipedia.org)
- Earliest discoveries of transferase activity occurred in other classifications of enzymes, including Beta-galactosidase, protease, and acid/base phosphatase. (wikipedia.org)
- Glutathione transferase (GST) enzymes are critical players in the cellular defense against the deleterious effects of oxidative stress and electrophilic compounds, including endogenous metabolites and various anticancer agents. (aspetjournals.org)
- These enzymes could also be classified under transferases since hydrolysis can be viewed as a transfer of a functional group to water as an acceptor. (wikibooks.org)
- Enzymes from the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of acyl groups from donor to acceptor, forming either esters or amides. (sickkids.ca)
- This will illustrate the elaborate mechanisms that keep unwanted lipoxygenation at arm's length and also show that the enzymes such as glutathione- S -transferases, epoxide hydrolases, and carrier proteins that are commonly thought of as biosynthetic also belong to families that are generally considered to play a role in detoxification. (jci.org)
- Other disadvantages include the susceptibility of enzymes to inhibition by minor components that occur in oleochemicals, such as peroxides, aldehydes, ketones, and heavy metals. (aocs.org)
Glutathione transferase3
- Glutathione transferase P1-1 (GSTP1-1) plays crucial roles in cancer chemoprevention and chemoresistance and is a key target for anticancer drug development. (aspetjournals.org)
- Therefore, bivalent glutathione transferase (GST) inhibitors with the potential to interact with GST dimers are been sought as pharmacological and/or therapeutic agents. (aspetjournals.org)
- Cytochrome p450 and glutathione transferase expression in squamous cell cancer. (semanticscholar.org)
Esters2
- Three examples of these reactions are the activity of coenzyme A (CoA) transferase, which transfers thiol esters, the action of N-acetyltransferase, which is part of the pathway that metabolizes tryptophan, and the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which converts pyruvate to acetyl CoA. (wikipedia.org)
- Emerging evidence from numerous studies suggests that administration of exogenous ketone supplements, such as ketone salts or ketone esters, generates rapid and sustained nutritional ketosis and metabolic changes, which may evoke potential therapeutic effects in cases of central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including psychiatric diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Residues1
- This enzyme has the Enzyme Commission Code is 2.2.1.6, which means that the enzyme is a transketolase or a transaldolase, which is classified under the transferases that transfer aldehyde or ketone residues. (wikidoc.org)
Alkyl1
- General aspects of metabolism The flavouring agents evaluated at the present meeting share a number of functional groups, e.g. linear, branched, alicyclic, and unsaturated alkyl chains and alcohol, ester, and ketone groups. (inchem.org)
Sulfur Group Transferases2
- Sulfur Group Transferases" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (wakehealth.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Sulfur Group Transferases" by people in Profiles. (wakehealth.edu)
Peptidyl transferase2
- In this case, an amino acid chain is the functional group transferred by a peptidyl transferase. (wikipedia.org)
- both amino acids are juxtaposed to an enzymatic center, peptidyl transferase, and the binary options yahoo functions for the diagonal representation are the eigen states. (4gamers-market.ru)
Inhibitors2
- In an approach to engineer a S. cerevisiae strain with higher tolerance to phenolic inhibitors, we selectively investigated the metabolic conversion and physiological effects of coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid, and p-coumaric acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . (biomedcentral.com)
- 11. The method according to claim 10, wherein said at least one other pharmaceutically active ingredient is chosen from the group consisting of: levodopa, carbidopa-levodopa, dopamine agonists, monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors, catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) inhibitors, NMDA receptor antagonists, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, and mixture thereof. (sumobrain.com)
Dehydrogenases1
- Acetaldehyde is further oxidized in the liver to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs). (enetmd.com)
Hydroxyl2
- Monosaccharides can either be present in their straight chain structure or, alternatively, a hydroxyl group can react intramolecularly with the aldehyde or ketone functionality to form a hemiacetal or hemiketal. (pharmacompass.com)
- They are organic compounds organized in the form of aldehydes or ketones with multiple hydroxyl groups coming off the carbon chain. (wikibooks.org)
Thiol2
- Current study has been undertaken to study the thiol stress and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) levels in ARF patients. (cogprints.org)
- Glutathione-S-transferases and thiol concentrations in embryonic and early fetal tissues. (cogprints.org)
Recombinant1
- Using recombinant serine hydroxymethyl transferase (SHMT), an enzymatic resolution process was established. (springer.com)
Pyruvate1
- These act on a ketone ( pyruvate ) and can go back and forth in the metabolic chain. (wikidoc.org)
Methyl3
- This same action by the transferase can be illustrated as follows: methylamine + L-glutamate ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } NH3 + N-methyl-L-glutamate However, other accepted names are more frequently used for transferases, and are often formed as "acceptor grouptransferase" or "donor grouptransferase. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, a DNA methyltransferase is a transferase that catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group to a DNA acceptor. (wikipedia.org)
- Thermotolerance is closely correlated with the production of toxic acrolein and methyl vinyl ketone from membrane trienoic fatty acids under heat stress, and it is possible to produce thermotolerant plants with reduced trienoic fatty acid contents. (els.net)
Catalyze1
- Transferases catalyze group transfer reactions. (wikibooks.org)
Alcohol1
- Enzymatic Responses to Alcohol and Tobacco Nicotine-Derived Nitrosamine Ketone Exposures in Long Evans Rat Livers. (semanticscholar.org)
Bodies2
- Ketone supplementation elevates blood levels of the ketone bodies: D-β-hydroxybutyrate (βHB), acetoacetate (AcAc), and acetone. (frontiersin.org)
- Metabolism of ketone bodies. (unich.it)
Amides1
- An efficient one-pot one-step biocatalytic amine transaminase/acyl transferase cascade for the formation of amides from the corresponding aldehydes and ketones in aqueous solution has been developed. (diva-portal.org)
Membrane1
- DHHC20 Palmitoyl-Transferase Reshapes the Membrane to Foster Catalysis. (ucdenver.edu)
Cofactors1
- Comstock LR, Rajski SR. Conversion of DNA methyltransferases into azidonucleosidyl transferases via synthetic cofactors. (springer.com)
Classification1
- Classification of transferases continues to this day, with new ones being discovered frequently. (wikipedia.org)
Aldoses2
- Aldoses typically possess an aldehyde group on the first carbon atom while ketoses inherit a ketone functionality on the second carbon atom. (pharmacompass.com)
- 2 Monosaccharides Monosaccharides that have an aldehyde as their most oxi- dized functional group options aldoses, and those having a ke- tone group as their most oxidized functional group are ketoses. (4gamers-market.ru)
Transfer1
- Amino acid based thioamides, hydroxamic acids, and hydrazides have been evaluated as ligands in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones in 2-propanol. (diva-portal.org)
Carbon1
- During the formation of the hemiacetal or -ketal the previous aldehyde or ketone carbon atom becomes a new stereocenter for Oligosaccharides CMOs. (pharmacompass.com)
Biochemistry1
- Esterbauer H, Schaur RJ and Zollner H (1991) Chemistry and biochemistry of 4‐hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde and related aldehydes. (els.net)
Group2
- Group" would be the functional group transferred as a result of transferase activity. (wikipedia.org)
- These are organic aromatic compounds containing a cinnamlaldehyde moiety, consisting of a benzene and an aldehyde group to form 3-phenylprop-2-enal. (t3db.ca)
Reactions1
- Transferases are involved in myriad reactions in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
Organic1
- In 1953, the enzyme UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase was shown to be a transferase, when it was found that it could reversibly produce UTP and G1P from UDP-glucose and an organic pyrophosphate. (wikipedia.org)
Acceptor3
- Mechanistically, an enzyme that catalyzed the following reaction would be a transferase: X g r o u p + Y → t r a n s f e r a s e X + Y g r o u p {\displaystyle Xgroup+Y{\xrightarrow[{transferase}]{}}X+Ygroup} In the above reaction, X would be the donor, and Y would be the acceptor. (wikipedia.org)
- Systematic names of transferases are constructed in the form of "donor:acceptor grouptransferase. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, methylamine:L-glutamate N-methyltransferase would be the standard naming convention for the transferase methylamine-glutamate N-methyltransferase, where methylamine is the donor, L-glutamate is the acceptor, and methyltransferase is the EC category grouping. (wikipedia.org)
Catalyzes1
- An enzyme of the transferase class that catalyzes the conversion of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate and D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to D-ribose 5-phosphate and D-xylulose 5-phosphate in the PENTOSE PHOSPHATE PATHWAY. (curehunter.com)
Flavor1
- Cinnamaldehyde is the aldehyde that gives cinnamon its flavor and odor. (t3db.ca)
Glucose1
- The biomass yields on glucose were reduced to 73 and 54 % of the control in the presence of coniferyl aldehyde and ferulic acid, respectively, biomass yield increased to 127 % of the control in the presence of p -coumaric acid. (biomedcentral.com)
Amino1
- In this research, an improved method for preparation of optically pure β-hydroxy-α-amino acids, catalyzed by serine hydroxymethyl transferase with threonine aldolase activity, is reported. (springer.com)
Form1
- We conclude that the conversion of coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and p-coumaric acid into less inhibitory compounds is a form of stress response and a detoxification process. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanism1
- Another example of historical significance relating to transferase is the discovery of the mechanism of catecholamine breakdown by catechol-O-methyltransferase. (wikipedia.org)
People2
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Aldehyde-Ketone Transferases" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
Conversion2
- Although there were several conversion products formed from coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and p -coumaric acid, the conversion products profile from the three compounds were similar. (biomedcentral.com)
- Coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and p -coumaric acid and their conversion products were screened for inhibition, the conversion products were less inhibitory than coniferyl aldehyde, ferulic acid and p -coumaric acid, indicating that the conversion of the three compounds by Saccharomyces cerevisiae was also a detoxification process. (biomedcentral.com)