Pancreatitis: INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.Alcohol Drinking: Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.Pancreatitis, Chronic: INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS that is characterized by recurring or persistent ABDOMINAL PAIN with or without STEATORRHEA or DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the irregular destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma which may be focal, segmental, or diffuse.Pancreatitis, Acute Necrotizing: A severe form of acute INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS characterized by one or more areas of NECROSIS in the pancreas with varying degree of involvement of the surrounding tissues or organ systems. Massive pancreatic necrosis may lead to DIABETES MELLITUS, and malabsorption.Pancreatitis, Alcoholic: Acute or chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS due to excessive ALCOHOL DRINKING. Alcoholic pancreatitis usually presents as an acute episode but it is a chronic progressive disease in alcoholics.Alcohols: Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Ethanol: A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.Energy Intake: Total number of calories taken in daily whether ingested or by parenteral routes.Alcoholism: A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)Alcoholic Beverages: Drinkable liquids containing ETHANOL.Ceruletide: A specific decapeptide obtained from the skin of Hila caerulea, an Australian amphibian. Caerulein is similar in action and composition to CHOLECYSTOKININ. It stimulates gastric, biliary, and pancreatic secretion; and certain smooth muscle. It is used in paralytic ileus and as diagnostic aid in pancreatic malfunction.Amylases: A group of amylolytic enzymes that cleave starch, glycogen, and related alpha-1,4-glucans. (Stedman, 25th ed) EC 3.2.1.-.Pancreas: A nodular organ in the ABDOMEN that contains a mixture of ENDOCRINE GLANDS and EXOCRINE GLANDS. The small endocrine portion consists of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. The large exocrine portion (EXOCRINE PANCREAS) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the DUODENUM.Acute Disease: Disease having a short and relatively severe course.Alcohol Dehydrogenase: A zinc-containing enzyme which oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols or hemiacetals in the presence of NAD. In alcoholic fermentation, it catalyzes the final step of reducing an aldehyde to an alcohol in the presence of NADH and hydrogen.Beer: An alcoholic beverage usually made from malted cereal grain (as barley), flavored with hops, and brewed by slow fermentation.Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Central Nervous System Depressants: A very loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. The major groups included here are ethyl alcohol, anesthetics, hypnotics and sedatives, narcotics, and tranquilizing agents (antipsychotics and antianxiety agents).Trypsinogen: The inactive proenzyme of trypsin secreted by the pancreas, activated in the duodenum via cleavage by enteropeptidase. (Stedman, 25th ed)Alcoholic Intoxication: An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde: Fiberoptic endoscopy designed for duodenal observation and cannulation of VATER'S AMPULLA, in order to visualize the pancreatic and biliary duct system by retrograde injection of contrast media. Endoscopic (Vater) papillotomy (SPHINCTEROTOMY, ENDOSCOPIC) may be performed during this procedure.Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.Pancreatic Ducts: Ducts that collect PANCREATIC JUICE from the PANCREAS and supply it to the DUODENUM.Eating: The consumption of edible substances.Wine: Fermented juice of fresh grapes or of other fruit or plant products used as a beverage.Temperance: Habitual moderation in the indulgence of a natural appetite, especially but not exclusively the consumption of alcohol.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Pancreatic Pseudocyst: Cyst-like space not lined by EPITHELIUM and contained within the PANCREAS. Pancreatic pseudocysts account for most of the cystic collections in the pancreas and are often associated with chronic PANCREATITIS.Pancreatic Diseases: Pathological processes of the PANCREAS.Alcohol Deterrents: Substances interfering with the metabolism of ethyl alcohol, causing unpleasant side effects thought to discourage the drinking of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol deterrents are used in the treatment of alcoholism.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System: Acute and chronic neurologic disorders associated with the various neurologic effects of ETHANOL. Primary sites of injury include the brain and peripheral nerves.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Alcohol-Related Disorders: Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or mis-use of alcohol.gamma-Glutamyltransferase: An enzyme, sometimes called GGT, with a key role in the synthesis and degradation of GLUTATHIONE; (GSH, a tripeptide that protects cells from many toxins). It catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid.Diet Surveys: Systematic collections of factual data pertaining to the diet of a human population within a given geographic area.Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An umbrella term used to describe a pattern of disabilities and abnormalities that result from fetal exposure to ETHANOL during pregnancy. It encompasses a phenotypic range that can vary greatly between individuals, but reliably includes one or more of the following: characteristic facial dysmorphism, FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION, central nervous system abnormalities, cognitive and/or behavioral dysfunction, BIRTH DEFECTS. The level of maternal alcohol consumption does not necessarily correlate directly with disease severity.Drinking: The consumption of liquids.Alcohol Oxidoreductases: A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).Benzyl Alcohols: Alcohols derived from the aryl radical (C6H5CH2-) and defined by C6H5CHOH. The concept includes derivatives with any substituents on the benzene ring.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Lipase: An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. It is produced by glands on the tongue and by the pancreas and initiates the digestion of dietary fats. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.3.Binge Drinking: Drinking an excessive amount of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES in a short period of time.JapanAlcohol Withdrawal Delirium: An acute organic mental disorder induced by cessation or reduction in chronic alcohol consumption. Clinical characteristics include CONFUSION; DELUSIONS; vivid HALLUCINATIONS; TREMOR; agitation; insomnia; and signs of autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., elevated blood pressure and heart rate, dilated pupils, and diaphoresis). This condition may occasionally be fatal. It was formerly called delirium tremens. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1175)Food Habits: Acquired or learned food preferences.Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic: FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.Life Style: Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Pancreas, Exocrine: The major component (about 80%) of the PANCREAS composed of acinar functional units of tubular and spherical cells. The acinar cells synthesize and secrete several digestive enzymes such as TRYPSINOGEN; LIPASE; AMYLASE; and RIBONUCLEASE. Secretion from the exocrine pancreas drains into the pancreatic ductal system and empties into the DUODENUM.Body Mass Index: An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)Pancreatic Function Tests: Tests based on the biochemistry and physiology of the exocrine pancreas and involving analysis of blood, duodenal contents, feces, or urine for products of pancreatic secretion.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Body Weight: The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.Coffee: A beverage made from ground COFFEA beans (SEEDS) infused in hot water. It generally contains CAFFEINE and THEOPHYLLINE unless it is decaffeinated.Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Acinar Cells: Cells lining the saclike dilatations known as acini of various glands or the lungs.Vegetables: A food group comprised of EDIBLE PLANTS or their parts.Saccharin: Flavoring agent and non-nutritive sweetener.Diet Records: Records of nutrient intake over a specific period of time, usually kept by the patient.Dietary Proteins: Proteins obtained from foods. They are the main source of the ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS.Gallstones: Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.Hyperamylasemia: A condition with abnormally elevated level of AMYLASES in the serum. Hyperamylasemia due to PANCREATITIS or other causes may be differentiated by identifying the amylase isoenzymes.Odds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.Dietary Fats: Fats present in food, especially in animal products such as meat, meat products, butter, ghee. They are present in lower amounts in nuts, seeds, and avocados.Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.Drinking Behavior: Behaviors associated with the ingesting of water and other liquids; includes rhythmic patterns of drinking (time intervals - onset and duration), frequency and satiety.Dietary Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates present in food comprising digestible sugars and starches and indigestible cellulose and other dietary fibers. The former are the major source of energy. The sugars are in beet and cane sugar, fruits, honey, sweet corn, corn syrup, milk and milk products, etc.; the starches are in cereal grains, legumes (FABACEAE), tubers, etc. (From Claudio & Lagua, Nutrition and Diet Therapy Dictionary, 3d ed, p32, p277)Fatty Alcohols: Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic: Disease of CARDIAC MUSCLE resulting from chronic excessive alcohol consumption. Myocardial damage can be caused by: (1) a toxic effect of alcohol; (2) malnutrition in alcoholics such as THIAMINE DEFICIENCY; or (3) toxic effect of additives in alcoholic beverages such as COBALT. This disease is usually manifested by DYSPNEA and palpitations with CARDIOMEGALY and congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).Food Preferences: The selection of one food over another.Fruit: The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.Cholangiopancreatography, Magnetic Resonance: Non-invasive diagnostic technique for visualizing the PANCREATIC DUCTS and BILE DUCTS without the use of injected CONTRAST MEDIA or x-ray. MRI scans provide excellent sensitivity for duct dilatation, biliary stricture, and intraductal abnormalities.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Pancreatic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Risk: The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.Pancreatic Juice: The fluid containing digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas in response to food in the duodenum.Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: An enzyme that oxidizes an aldehyde in the presence of NAD+ and water to an acid and NADH. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.70.DenmarkPolyvinyl Alcohol: A polymer prepared from polyvinyl acetates by replacement of the acetate groups with hydroxyl groups. It is used as a pharmaceutic aid and ophthalmic lubricant as well as in the manufacture of surface coatings artificial sponges, cosmetics, and other products.Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic: Incision of Oddi's sphincter or Vater's ampulla performed by inserting a sphincterotome through an endoscope (DUODENOSCOPE) often following retrograde cholangiography (CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY, ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE). Endoscopic treatment by sphincterotomy is the preferred method of treatment for patients with retained or recurrent bile duct stones post-cholecystectomy, and for poor-surgical-risk patients that have the gallbladder still present.United StatesTaurocholic Acid: The product of conjugation of cholic acid with taurine. Its sodium salt is the chief ingredient of the bile of carnivorous animals. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and cholerectic.Abdominal Pain: Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Folic Acid: A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.Cholelithiasis: Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Choice Behavior: The act of making a selection among two or more alternatives, usually after a period of deliberation.Dietary Fiber: The remnants of plant cell walls that are resistant to digestion by the alimentary enzymes of man. It comprises various polysaccharides and lignins.Liver Diseases, Alcoholic: Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Gabexate: A serine proteinase inhibitor used therapeutically in the treatment of pancreatitis, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), and as a regional anticoagulant for hemodialysis. The drug inhibits the hydrolytic effects of thrombin, plasmin, and kallikrein, but not of chymotrypsin and aprotinin.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Calcium, Dietary: Calcium compounds used as food supplements or in food to supply the body with calcium. Dietary calcium is needed during growth for bone development and for maintenance of skeletal integrity later in life to prevent osteoporosis.Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.Random Allocation: A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.Feeding Behavior: Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.Pancreatectomy: Surgical removal of the pancreas. (Dorland, 28th ed)Longitudinal Studies: Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.Confounding Factors (Epidemiology): Factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest, are not intermediate variables, and are not associated with the factor(s) under investigation. They give rise to situations in which the effects of two processes are not separated, or the contribution of causal factors cannot be separated, or the measure of the effect of exposure or risk is distorted because of its association with other factors influencing the outcome of the study.Alcohol-Induced Disorders: Disorders stemming from the misuse and abuse of alcohol.Cholesterol, HDL: Cholesterol which is contained in or bound to high-density lipoproteins (HDL), including CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and free cholesterol.Calculi: An abnormal concretion occurring mostly in the urinary and biliary tracts, usually composed of mineral salts. Also called stones.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Pancreaticojejunostomy: Surgical anastomosis of the pancreatic duct, or the divided end of the transected pancreas, with the jejunum. (Dorland, 28th ed)Biliary Tract Diseases: Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.Nutritional Status: State of the body in relation to the consumption and utilization of nutrients.Beverages: Liquids that are suitable for drinking. (From Merriam Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Dietary Supplements: Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Dysgeusia: A condition characterized by alterations of the sense of taste which may range from mild to severe, including gross distortions of taste quality.Confidence Intervals: A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.Drainage: The removal of fluids or discharges from the body, such as from a wound, sore, or cavity.Proportional Hazards Models: Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.Sweetening Agents: Substances that sweeten food, beverages, medications, etc., such as sugar, saccharine or other low-calorie synthetic products. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Nutritional Requirements: The amounts of various substances in food needed by an organism to sustain healthy life.Aspartate Aminotransferases: Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the conversion of L-aspartate and 2-ketoglutarate to oxaloacetate and L-glutamate. EC 2.6.1.1.TriglyceridesHypertension: Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.Linear Models: Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Necrosis: The pathological process occurring in cells that are dying from irreparable injuries. It is caused by the progressive, uncontrolled action of degradative ENZYMES, leading to MITOCHONDRIAL SWELLING, nuclear flocculation, and cell lysis. It is distinct it from APOPTOSIS, which is a normal, regulated cellular process.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Flushing: A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, stress, or a disease process.Substance Withdrawal Syndrome: Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.Autoimmune Diseases: Disorders that are characterized by the production of antibodies that react with host tissues or immune effector cells that are autoreactive to endogenous peptides.Self Administration: Administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. It includes administration clinically or experimentally, by human or animal.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Pancreatic Stellate Cells: Star-shaped, myofibroblast-like cells located in the periacinar, perivascular, and periductal regions of the EXOCRINE PANCREAS. They play a key role in the pathobiology of FIBROSIS; PANCREATITIS; and PANCREATIC CANCER.Nutrition Surveys: A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to the nutritional status of a human population within a given geographic area. Data from these surveys are used in preparing NUTRITION ASSESSMENTS.Vitamins: Organic substances that are required in small amounts for maintenance and growth, but which cannot be manufactured by the human body.Weight Gain: Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.Health Surveys: A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.Sex Distribution: The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.Cholecystokinin: A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Energy Metabolism: The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.Multiple Organ Failure: A progressive condition usually characterized by combined failure of several organs such as the lungs, liver, kidney, along with some clotting mechanisms, usually postinjury or postoperative.RussiaRecurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.Cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the GALLBLADDER.Candy: Sweet food products combining cane or beet sugars with other carbohydrates and chocolate, milk, eggs, and various flavorings. In the United States, candy refers to both sugar- and cocoa-based confections and is differentiated from sweetened baked goods; elsewhere the terms sugar confectionary, chocolate confectionary, and flour confectionary (meaning goods such as cakes and pastries) are used.Meat: The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.Endosonography: Ultrasonography of internal organs using an ultrasound transducer sometimes mounted on a fiberoptic endoscope. In endosonography the transducer converts electronic signals into acoustic pulses or continuous waves and acts also as a receiver to detect reflected pulses from within the organ. An audiovisual-electronic interface converts the detected or processed echo signals, which pass through the electronics of the instrument, into a form that the technologist can evaluate. The procedure should not be confused with ENDOSCOPY which employs a special instrument called an endoscope. The "endo-" of endosonography refers to the examination of tissue within hollow organs, with reference to the usual ultrasonography procedure which is performed externally or transcutaneously.Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.Health Behavior: Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.Animal Feed: Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.Trypsin: A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.Nutrition Assessment: Evaluation and measurement of nutritional variables in order to assess the level of nutrition or the NUTRITIONAL STATUS of the individual. NUTRITION SURVEYS may be used in making the assessment.Statistics, Nonparametric: A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)Polymorphism, Genetic: The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency: A malabsorption condition resulting from greater than 10% reduction in the secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes (LIPASE; PROTEASES; and AMYLASE) by the EXOCRINE PANCREAS into the DUODENUM. This condition is often associated with CYSTIC FIBROSIS and with chronic PANCREATITIS.Age Distribution: The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.Cholagogues and Choleretics: Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic).Uric Acid: An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.Socioeconomic Factors: Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.Lipids: A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Nutrition Policy: Guidelines and objectives pertaining to food supply and nutrition including recommendations for healthy diet.European Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.Postmenopause: The physiological period following the MENOPAUSE, the permanent cessation of the menstrual life.Pueraria: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE a common weed of the southeast US. There has been folk use for alcoholism and liver protection. It contains puerarin, kakkalide, daidzein (isoflavonoids), and kudzusaponins (oleanene-type triterpene glycosides).Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one SEX from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the OVARIES and TESTES and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction.Clinical Enzyme Tests: Analyses for a specific enzyme activity, or of the level of a specific enzyme that is used to assess health and disease risk, for early detection of disease or disease prediction, diagnosis, and change in disease status.Common Bile Duct: The largest bile duct. It is formed by the junction of the CYSTIC DUCT and the COMMON HEPATIC DUCT.Edema: Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction: Organic or functional motility disorder involving the SPHINCTER OF ODDI and associated with biliary COLIC. Pathological changes are most often seen in the COMMON BILE DUCT sphincter, and less commonly the PANCREATIC DUCT sphincter.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Hypertriglyceridemia: A condition of elevated levels of TRIGLYCERIDES in the blood.Pancreatic alpha-Amylases: A subclass of alpha-amylase ISOENZYMES that are secreted into PANCREATIC JUICE.Duodenum: The shortest and widest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE adjacent to the PYLORUS of the STOMACH. It is named for having the length equal to about the width of 12 fingers.China: A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.Food: Any substances taken in by the body that provide nourishment.Liver Function Tests: Blood tests that are used to evaluate how well a patient's liver is working and also to help diagnose liver conditions.Propanols: Isomeric forms and derivatives of PROPANOL (C3H7OH).Caffeine: A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.Erythrocyte Indices: ERYTHROCYTE size and HEMOGLOBIN content or concentration, usually derived from ERYTHROCYTE COUNT; BLOOD hemoglobin concentration; and HEMATOCRIT. The indices include the mean corpuscular volume (MCV), the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC).Vitamin B 6: VITAMIN B 6 refers to several PICOLINES (especially PYRIDOXINE; PYRIDOXAL; & PYRIDOXAMINE) that are efficiently converted by the body to PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE which is a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, and aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into PYRIDOXAMINE phosphate. Although pyridoxine and Vitamin B 6 are still frequently used as synonyms, especially by medical researchers, this practice is erroneous and sometimes misleading (EE Snell; Ann NY Acad Sci, vol 585 pg 1, 1990). Most of vitamin B6 is eventually degraded to PYRIDOXIC ACID and excreted in the urine.Substance-Related Disorders: Disorders related to substance abuse.Motor Activity: The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.Duodenal Obstruction: Hindrance of the passage of luminal contents in the DUODENUM. Duodenal obstruction can be partial or complete, and caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Simple obstruction is associated with diminished or stopped flow of luminal contents. Strangulating obstruction is associated with impaired blood flow to the duodenum in addition to obstructed flow of luminal contents.Enteral Nutrition: Nutritional support given via the alimentary canal or any route connected to the gastrointestinal system (i.e., the enteral route). This includes oral feeding, sip feeding, and tube feeding using nasogastric, gastrostomy, and jejunostomy tubes.Aging: The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.Gout: Hereditary metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent acute arthritis, hyperuricemia and deposition of sodium urate in and around the joints, sometimes with formation of uric acid calculi.Ampulla of Vater: A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the COMMON BILE DUCT and the MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT, also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla.Chi-Square Distribution: A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.
Alcohol and health
Pancreatitis ( (Incidence (gallstones = women. chronic alcohol intake =…
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Recurrent pancreatitis - ONAGallstonesAcute and Chronic PancreatitisConsumptionRecurrentExcessive alcohol intakeAbdominalDiagnosisObesityLiverInsulinOccursAlcoholic chronic pancreatitisEnzymesMedicationsDigestiveCysticGallbladder diseaseBiliaryBingeComplicationsPancreatic tissuePathogenesis of chronic pancreatitisModerateAttacks of acute pancreatitisExcessIncreasesSurgicalHospitalizationMildMalnutritionEffects of alcoIdiopathic chronic pancreatitisProgression of chronicIngestionGeneticLead to chronicTreatment of acute pancreatitisFeatures of CHRONIC pancreatitisSeveritySymptoms of pancreatitisCauses of acuteInfectionClinicalTissueIncidenceNauseaHeavyHereditary chronic pancreatitisPatients with chronicObstructiveTobaccoDiabetes mellitus
Gallstones24
- Pancreatitis ( (Incidence (gallstones = women. (coggle.it)
- Although there are a number of possible causes, gallstones and alcohol consumption are the most common causes of pancreatitis. (emedicinehealth.com)
- The major risk factors for pancreatitis are excessive alcohol intake and gallstones. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Alcohol abuse and gallstones are the two main causes of pancreatitis, accounting for 80% to 90% of all individuals diagnosed with pancreatitis. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Primary causes of acute and chronic pancreatitis include long term heavy alcohol abuse, smoking and the presence of gallstones. (vanguardngr.com)
- It's caused by gallstones, alcohol abuse, or medications. (bio-medicine.org)
- The most common causes of acute pancreatitis are gallstones and excessive alcohol consumption. (gi.org)
- Surgical removal of the gallbladder is indicated when the pancreatitis results from gallstones or gallbladder sludge. (gi.org)
- There are two main causes of either type of pancreatitis, excessive alcohol use and gallstones. (healthguidance.org)
- Prolonged alcohol abuse is felt to be the leading cause with gallstones coming in second. (healthguidance.org)
- It is an excellent tool for gallstones, which might be the cause for pancreatitis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- This painful condition usually results from alcohol abuse or the presence of gallstones. (encyclopedia.com)
- Men and black Americans are at higher risk, as are people with a family or personal history of gallstones or a family history of pancreatitis. (todaysdietitian.com)
- 1 Although most cases are attributed to either gallstones or alcohol use, numerous drugs have also been implicated as potentially causing AP. (bmj.com)
- Acute pancreatitis is usually caused by drinking too much alcohol or by gallstones . (martinsurgery.com.au)
- The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is the mechanical impaction of gallstones within the common bile duct. (avinaux.com)
- Overall, gallstones and alcoholism account for greater than 80% of acute pancreatitis cases. (avinaux.com)
- early intervention to prevent complications of gallstones also may reduce the chance of developing pancreatitis. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Pannala, who did not treat Avicii and was speaking about pancreatitis in general terms, says that the most common causes are related to alcohol abuse and gallstones. (billboard.com)
- Gallstones and alcohol together make up to 80% of all causes of pancreatitis, 11 with gallstones leading at a ratio of 2 : 1 in a recent Australian study. (mja.com.au)
- Pancreatitis is mainly caused by either gallstones and chronic alcohol consumption, but can also be caused by hypercalcemia. (wikihow.com)
- Learn the connection between gallstones and pancreatitis. (wikihow.com)
- Gallstones are one of the major reasons that acute pancreatitis occurs. (wikihow.com)
- In contrast, acute pancreatitis due to gallstones is more common in women. (pancreapedia.org)
Acute and Chronic Pancreatitis8
- Both acute and chronic pancreatitis cause pain, usually in the upper abdomen. (cdhf.ca)
- Before getting to the ultimate causes and treatments, it is important to understand that there are actually two forms of the disease, acute and chronic pancreatitis. (healthguidance.org)
- Both acute and chronic pancreatitis pose significant burdens to health and the health care system. (todaysdietitian.com)
- Both acute and chronic pancreatitis are serious conditions that can lead to sometimes life-threatening complications. (todaysdietitian.com)
- And, the authors note, 'Heavy alcohol consumption causes acute and chronic pancreatitis but has never been linked definitively to pancreatic cancer. (seniorjournal.com)
- Pancreaticopleural fistula (PPF) is one of the rarest complications of acute and chronic pancreatitis. (hindawi.com)
- Stones in the gallbladder may fall into the common bile duct, causing obstruction as seen in panel B. Adapted from Adapted from Gorelick F, Pandol, SJ, Topazian M. Pancreatic physiology, pathophysiology, acute and chronic pancreatitis. (pancreapedia.org)
- Metabolism of ethanol in other organs, although quantitatively less important than liver is nonetheless important in the development of various pathologies including alcoholic cardiomyopathy, neurodegeneration, acute and chronic pancreatitis and kidney failure among others. (nih.gov)
Consumption58
- Although the definition for excessive alcohol intake can vary from person-to-person, most health-care professionals suggest that moderate consumption is no more than two alcoholic beverages a day for men and one a day for women and the elderly. (emedicinehealth.com)
- A previous scientific research has shown that moderate alcohol consumption is beneficial in healthy people, it was not clear whether this could be valid also for patients who already had heart attack, stroke or another ischemic vascular event. (medindia.net)
- During the years following the disease onset, patients were followed by researchers to know which were the lifestyle habits, including alcohol consumption, able to avoid a new clinical event. (medindia.net)
- Studied by our research group for a long time - says Augusto Di Castelnuovo, Head of the Statistic Unit at the Research Laboratories of the Catholic University in Campobasso and co-author of the study - the beneficial effects of moderate alcohol consumption in healthy people are well established. (medindia.net)
- When we talk about moderate alcohol consumption, we mean something quite far from what we use to see in TV fictions - says Licia Iacoviello, Head of the Laboratory of Environmental and Genetic Epidemiology and responsible of the Moli-sani Project - We refer to moderation as drinking regularly, at low doses, within a healthy lifestyle, such as the Mediterranean diet. (medindia.net)
- It is not clearly understood why alcohol abuse may lead to pancreatitis but it is known that the consumption of alcohol increases the permeability of the ducts to the digestive juices and this leakage damages the organ’s tissue. (vanguardngr.com)
- While alcohol consumption may increase the risk of PC via CP, smoking was important as a risk factor for both CP and PC. (unboundmedicine.com)
- The acute form can also be caused by heavy alcohol consumption, which, if continued, will lead to the chronic condition. (livestrong.com)
- When leaving the hospital, patients will be advised on how to prevent pancreatitis, usually through a reduction in alcohol consumption, fat intake and smoking cessation. (livestrong.com)
- The long-term effects of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol) consumption range from cardioprotective health benefits for low to moderate alcohol consumption in industrialized societies with higher rates of cardiovascular disease to severe detrimental effects in cases of chronic alcohol abuse. (wikipedia.org)
- The inverse relation in Western cultures between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease has been known for over 100 years. (wikipedia.org)
- Many physicians do not promote alcohol consumption, however, given the many health concerns associated with it, some suggest that alcohol should be regarded as a recreational drug, and promote exercise and good nutrition to combat cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Others have argued that the benefits of moderate alcohol consumption may be outweighed by other increased risks, including those of injuries, violence, fetal damage, liver disease, and certain forms of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
- Excessive alcohol consumption can have a negative impact on aging. (wikipedia.org)
- Recent studies have focused on understanding the mechanisms by which moderate alcohol consumption confers cardiovascular benefit. (wikipedia.org)
- Over-consumption of alcohol causes many deaths worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
- A review in 2009 found that "the net effect of alcohol consumption on health is detrimental, with an estimated 3.8% of all global deaths and 4.6% of global disability-adjusted life-years attributable to alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
- Extensive research of Western cultures has consistently shown increased survival associated with light to moderate alcohol consumption. (wikipedia.org)
- The most common causes of chronic pancreatitis are excessive consumption of alcohol, heavy smoking, and recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis for any number of reasons including genetic mutations. (gi.org)
- Short-term effects of alcohol consumption include intoxication and dehydration. (wikipedia.org)
- Long-term effects of alcohol consumption include changes in the metabolism of the liver and brain and alcoholism. (wikipedia.org)
- medical citation needed] A 2014 World Health Organization report found that harmful alcohol consumption caused about 3.3 million deaths annually worldwide. (wikipedia.org)
- However, some effects of alcohol consumption are beneficial. (wikipedia.org)
- Although even moderate alcohol consumption increased the risk of death in younger people, it has been shown to decrease the risk of death for individuals ages 55+ (due to decreased risk of ischemic heart disease). (wikipedia.org)
- The short-term effects of alcohol consumption range from a decrease in anxiety and motor skills at lower doses to unconsciousness, anterograde amnesia, and central nervous system depression at higher doses. (wikipedia.org)
- for example, eating a heavy meal before alcohol consumption causes alcohol to absorb more slowly. (wikipedia.org)
- reduction of alcohol consumption, even for light to moderate drinkers, is beneficial to health. (wikipedia.org)
- A link between alcohol or coffee consumption and pancreatic cancer has not been verified. (aafp.org)
- Development of liver damage and cirrhosis (ALD) related to alcohol consumption is complex. (springer.com)
- Individual risk factors for ALD are potentially quantifiable within a population and will identify those populations at higher or lower risk for disease related to alcohol consumption. (springer.com)
- Careful studies of the patterns and levels of consumption of alcoholic beverages in genetically well-characterized populations are needed to understand the complex interaction between genes and the environment in the development of liver injury due to alcohol. (springer.com)
- Number of HDDs over a month (28 days), where one HDD was defined as a day with alcohol consumption ≥60 grams (g) for men and ≥40 g for women. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- TAC was defined as mean daily alcohol consumption in g/day over a month (28 days). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- In case of chronic consumption, lipoprotein lipase activity seems to adapt itself. (hindawi.com)
- This paper will focus on triglycerides after the consumption of such mixed meals as well as on the observation that alcohol may induce a very severe form of HT, which may be of clinical relevance with an increased risk of pancreatitis [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- This is probably related to an adaptive increase of lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in case of chronic moderate alcohol consumption [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
- 11 ] studied triglyceride turnover in white adipose tissue and showed that chronic alcohol consumption inhibits the antilipolytic action of insulin. (hindawi.com)
- Interestingly, risk of acute pancreatitis has been linked with the amount of spirits consumed on a single occasion, but not with wine or beer consumption. (adam.com)
- March 14, 2011 Alcohol consumption at least in moderation has been enjoying a run of studies finding benefits for the consumers, senior citizens in particular. (seniorjournal.com)
- Initial data on alcohol consumption was gathered in 1982, and based on follow-up through 2006, there were 6,847 pancreatic cancer deaths among one million participants. (seniorjournal.com)
- Findings from the prospective study presented herein strongly support the hypothesis that alcohol consumption, in particular heavy intake, also is an independent risk factor for pancreatic cancer, the fourth most common cause of cancer mortality [death] in the United States,' the authors conclude. (seniorjournal.com)
- Total recorded alcohol per capita consumption (15+), in litres of pure alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
- 3.6% of all cancer cases and 3.5% of cancer deaths worldwide are attributable to consumption of alcohol (also known formally as ethanol ). (wikipedia.org)
- The alcohol industry has tried to actively mislead the public about the risk of cancer due to alcohol consumption, in addition to campaigning to remove laws that require alcoholic beverages to have cancer warning labels. (wikipedia.org)
- Data from 2009 indicated 3.5 percent of cancer deaths in the U.S. were due to consumption of alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
- The risk of cancer associated with alcohol consumption is higher in tissues in closest contact on ingestion of alcohol, such as the oral cavity, pharynx and esophagus. (wikipedia.org)
- Alcohol consumption may cause pancreatitis by several metabolic mechanisms. (avinaux.com)
- Alcohol should be avoided with any type of pancreatitis and you may need to limit your consumption of fat and sodium. (livestrong.com)
- Effect of alcohol consumption on pancreatic cancer risk has been investigated in many studies, but results have been inconsistent. (aacrjournals.org)
- In stratified analysis, effect of alcohol consumption on pancreatic cancer was observed in individuals with the MTHFR 667 CC, MTR 2756 AA, or MTRR 66 G allele. (aacrjournals.org)
- however, the association between alcohol consumption and risk of pancreatic cancer has been inconsistent ( 5 , 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Here, we evaluated the effect of alcohol consumption in conjunction with genetic polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism enzymes on pancreatic cancer risk among Japanese. (aacrjournals.org)
- Two separate, recent studies linked pancreatic cancer to high consumption of carbohydrates and alcohol. (pancreas.org)
- The adverse medical effects of excess alcohol consumption within a short period can be serious and life threatening. (deccanherald.com)
- It is anticipated that research supported under this FOA will generate data that leads to breakthroughs in identification and understanding of key cellular and molecular components in the initiation, progression and maintenance of the diverse medical disorders caused by excessive or long term alcohol consumption. (nih.gov)
- Ethanol is primarily absorbed by the intestine and mainly metabolized in the liver, hence these are two organs that are most affected by excessive alcohol consumption. (nih.gov)
- Michael Bryant, MD, primary care physician with West Tennessee Medical Group, offers some answers to a few common questions about alcohol consumption. (wth.org)
- Excessive alcohol consumption can impact your physical and mental health in the short-term, making you more susceptible to accidents and unintentional injuries, along with changing your mood and attitude toward others. (wth.org)
Recurrent13
- The disease is marked by recurrent acute attacks of pain, nausea, vomiting and fever lasting between 2 days and 2 weeks which eventually progress to chronic pancreatitis. (vanguardngr.com)
- How can I be sure that the patient has recurrent pancreatitis? (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- Patients with recurrent acute pancreatitis present with repeated episodes of pain with variable frequency. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- In those patients with recurrent episodes and in patients who ultimately develop chronic pancreatitis, the peak level of amylase or lipase elevation may decrease over time and later episodes may have lesser degrees of elevation. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- Most cases of recurrent pancreatitis are secondary to alcohol and biliary etiologies. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- Genetic mutations could be an etiological factor in recurrent pancreatitis, but routine testing is not recommended outside of clinical studies. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- Recurrent pain is the most disabling complication in patients with chronic pancreatitis. (ovid.com)
- Recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis can lead to chronic pancreatitis, which affects about 42 to 73 out of 100,000 US adults,6 resulting in 86,000 yearly hospital stays.7 Although the progression of chronic pancreatitis is variable and may include long periods without symptoms, the condition does worsen over time, leading to permanent damage. (todaysdietitian.com)
- In the recently published Europac study, the diagnosis of hereditary pancreatitis was made on the basis of two first-degree relatives or three or more second-degree relatives, in two or more generations with recurrent acute pancreatitis, and/or chronic pancreatitis for which there were no precipitating factors. (biomedcentral.com)
- Recurrent pancreatic injury due to genetic susceptibility, environmental factors such as smoking, alcohol intake, and conditions such as obesity lead to increases in oxidative stress, impaired autophagy and constitutive activation of inflammatory pathways. (frontiersin.org)
- The authors present a case of pancreatic pseudocyst pleural fistula in a woman with gallstone pancreatitis presenting with recurrent pneumonias and bilateral pleural effusions. (hindawi.com)
- For this reason, PPF must be suspected in individuals with recurrent pulmonary effusions and concomitant history of pancreatitis. (hindawi.com)
- She had a background of type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypercholestrolaemia, pancreatitis, and recurrent pulmonary effusions. (hindawi.com)
Excessive alcohol intake10
- Excessive alcohol intake (more than 3 drinks a day) may not affect your risk alone. (portsmouthhospital.com)
- Risk factors for metformin-associated lactic acidosis include renal impairment, concomitant use of certain drugs (e.g., carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as topiramate), age 65 years old or greater, having a radiological study with contrast, surgery and other procedures, hypoxic states (e.g., acute congestive heart failure), excessive alcohol intake, and hepatic impairment. (drugs.com)
- Furthermore, alcohol increases the synthesis of large VLDL particles in the liver, which is the main source of triglycerides in the hypertriglyceridemia associated with chronic excessive alcohol intake. (hindawi.com)
- Risk of the condition appears to be increased particularly by the use of steroid hormones, excessive alcohol intake, and trauma to the bone. (britannica.com)
- Excessive alcohol intake as a risk factor for the development of avascular necrosis is well established. (britannica.com)
- Risk factors that can be controlled include limiting smoking and excessive alcohol intake. (indianhealthguru.com)
- The next common cause is excessive alcohol intake. (avinaux.com)
- Excessive alcohol intake can damage every organ in the body. (alcoholrehab.com)
- Excessive alcohol intake often leads to alcoholism. (alcoholrehab.com)
- Excessive alcohol intake can lead to blackouts. (alcoholrehab.com)
Abdominal20
- Almost everybody with acute pancreatitis experiences abdominal pain. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Both forms of pancreatitis may present with mild to severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and fever. (vanguardngr.com)
- Acute pancreatitis is sudden in onset with mild to severe upper abdominal pain which may radiate to the back and chest and is worsened by eating or consuming alcohol. (vanguardngr.com)
- Chronic pancreatitis on the other hand develops gradually and may present with abdominal pain or no pain at all. (vanguardngr.com)
- Chronic pancreatitis is characterized by intermittent or constant upper abdominal pain. (gi.org)
- The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis is made by a combination of clinical symptoms and imaging studies such as abdominal CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and/or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). (gi.org)
- Patients with pancreatitis typically present with abdominal pain that may or may not radiate to the back. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- In addition to acute pancreatitis, many other conditions can cause severe acute abdominal pain. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- An abdominal CT scan is shows moderately severe pancreatitis. (majortests.com)
- A plain chest and abdominal X-rays is necessary to diagnosis acute pancreatitis. (majortests.com)
- American College of Gastroenterology recommendations state that a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is determined by the presence of two of these three criteria: upper abdominal pain, serum amylase and/or lipase greater than three times the upper normal limit, and characteristic findings from abdominal imaging. (todaysdietitian.com)
- The clinical presentation is highly variable and includes chronic abdominal pain, impairment of endocrine and exocrine pancreatic function, nausea and vomiting, maldigestion, diabetes, pseudocysts, bile duct and duodenal obstruction, and rarely pancreatic cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
- Abdominal pain is the cardinal manifestation of acute pancreatitis. (avinaux.com)
- Acute pancreatitis is diagnosed primarily by the presence of elevated plasma levels of amylase and lipase and the exclusion of other causes of abdominal pain. (avinaux.com)
- Extra-abdominal complications of pancreatitis such as pancreaticopleural fistulae are rare. (hindawi.com)
- A 65-year-old woman presented with a short history of shortness of breath (SOB), generalised abdominal pain, and poor oral intake. (hindawi.com)
- During this presentation with SOB and abdominal pain, six months following her initial admission with acute pancreatitis, she was found to have a serum amylase of 1056 and bilateral pleural effusions. (hindawi.com)
- Symptoms of acute pancreatitis most commonly begins with abdominal pain in the middle or upper left part of the abdomen and abdominal pain may increase after eating or lying flat the back. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Among the symptoms of pancreatitis are: upper abdominal pain, abdominal pain that radiates to the back or feels worse after eating, fever, rapid pulse, nausea, vomiting, tenderness in the abdomen. (billboard.com)
- Abdominal imaging can help in identifying features of chronic pancreatitis, which is the most common cause of EPI. (medscape.com)
Diagnosis11
- The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis is difficult. (doctors-hospital.net)
- The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is made by a combination of symptoms, physical exam findings, and laboratory tests including amylase and lipase. (gi.org)
- The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is made from the medical history and symptoms. (cdhf.ca)
- There are a number of ways in which a doctor can make a definitive diagnosis of pancreatitis. (healthguidance.org)
- In patients with both elevations of pancreatic enzymes and imaging evidence of pancreatitis, diagnosis is easy to make. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- With these types of patients, it is harder to make a diagnosis of pancreatitis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- Upchurch, 2014) this essay will examine the pathology of pancreatitis and demonstrate the assessment, diagnosis, and intervention based on evidences of care. (majortests.com)
- Usually first step to assist diagnosis acute pancreatitis it will be patient's blood test. (majortests.com)
- With the exception of the young age at diagnosis and a slower progression, the clinical course, morphological features and laboratory findings of HCP do not differ from those of patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis. (biomedcentral.com)
- Diagnosis of pancreatitis (both acute and chronic) is done similarly. (emedicinehealth.com)
- This knowledge is critical for the diagnosis, treatment and management of vulnerable patient populations debilitated by the vast array of alcohol-induced pathologies and will enable clinicians to improve disease outcomes and, consequently, public health. (nih.gov)
Obesity8
- It is hypothesized it could be due to other acquired risk habits, like smoking, high alcohol intake, and obesity. (mdpi.com)
- Obesity is a well-known risk factor for developing severe, acute pancreatitis. (cdhf.ca)
- Obesity is an important risk factor for ALD in heavy drinkers and substantial evidence suggests genetic risks for liver damage in heavy drinkers as well as a genetic risk for drinking heavily (alcohol use disorders). (springer.com)
- The interaction of rs738409, obesity, and alcohol: a population-based autopsy study. (springer.com)
- Sometimes, a severe hypertriglyceridemia induced by alcohol (SHIBA) can be observed, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and/or obesity increasing the risk of pancreatitis. (hindawi.com)
- Additional risk factors include inherited familial disorders, tobacco smoking, obesity, chronic pancreatitis, heavy alcohol intake, and diets rich in saturated fats and low in fruits and vegetables ( 3 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Environmental or host risk factors shown to be associated with PC include cigarette smoking, obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, chronic pancreatitis, physical inactivity and blood groups A or B. Dietary risks may be related to low fruit and vegetable intake and increased intake of high-heat cooked meats (i.e., grilled/fried animal protein sources). (pancreas.org)
- 12 The incidence of idiopathic pancreatitis is increasing, 13 which may be explained by increasing rates of morbid obesity in our communities. (mja.com.au)
Liver19
- Alcohol liver disease (ALD) accounted for four fifths of all chronic diseases in Ireland in 2013. (wikipedia.org)
- The negative effects include increased risk of liver diseases, oropharyngeal cancer, esophageal cancer and pancreatitis. (wikipedia.org)
- Chronic excess alcohol intake, or alcohol dependence, can lead to a wide range of neuropsychiatric or neurological impairment, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, and malignant neoplasms. (wikipedia.org)
- Alcohol dependence is associated with hypertension, coronary heart disease, and ischemic stroke, cancer of the respiratory system, and also cancers of the digestive system, liver, breast and ovaries. (wikipedia.org)
- Death rate amongst current drinkers was higher for 'alcohol augmentable' disease such as liver disease and oral cancers, but these deaths were much less common than cardiovascular and respiratory deaths. (wikipedia.org)
- Other studies have found age-dependent mortality risks of low-to-moderate alcohol use: an increased risk for individuals aged 16-34 (due to increased risk of cancers, accidents, liver disease, and other factors), but a decreased risk for individuals ages 55+ (due to lower incidence of ischemic heart disease). (wikipedia.org)
- Klatskin G. Alcohol and its relation to liver damage. (springer.com)
- Lieber CS, Spritz N. Effects of prolonged ethanol intake in man: role of dietary adipose, and endogenously synthesized fatty acids in the pathogenesis of the alcoholic fatty liver. (springer.com)
- Excessive intake of alcohol reduces the life span by a decade, and alcohol drinking is strongly related to mortality from liver cirrhosis, chronic pancreatitis, certain cancers, hypertension, accidents and violence. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The metabolic effects of alcohol on the liver and lipid metabolism are known for many years and have been extensively studied by Lieber and many of his coworkers [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
- It has also been shown that the lipemic response to alcohol is related to the stage of liver disease, since in cirrhosis, in contrast to steatosis, fasting lipid response is neglectable, but postmeal chylomicron response is increased [ 12 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Apart from serum HT, alcohol may also induce accumulation of triacylglycerols in the liver, leading to steatosis hepatis. (hindawi.com)
- The hepatotoxicity of Paracetamol, particularly after overdosage, may be increased by drugs which induce liver microsomal enzymes such as barbiturates, tricyclic antidepressants and alcohol. (medicines.org.uk)
- A study of 818 heavy drinkers found that those who are exposed to more acetaldehyde than normal through a defect in the gene for alcohol dehydrogenase are at greater risk of developing cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract and liver. (wikipedia.org)
- All patients with pancreatitis should have its cause determined by features of the history, results of laboratory tests (liver function tests, serum calcium triglyceride levels) and findings on transabdominal ultrasound. (mja.com.au)
- An increase in intestinal permeability caused by excessive alcohol use, resulting in a 'leaky gut' is implicated in much of the downstream organ damage including alcoholic liver disease. (nih.gov)
- Heavy drinking or binge drinking puts you at a higher risk of developing chronic diseases such as cancer , liver cirrhosis, pancreatitis, high cholesterol and high blood pressure. (wth.org)
- Alcohol can lead to chronic and irreversible medical conditions such as alcoholic liver disease and alcoholic dementia. (alcoholrehab.com)
- Alcohol makes its way to your heart, your liver, your sex organs and nearly everywhere else - and it can prevent your body from doing what it's built to do. (greenestone.net)
Insulin2
- Alcohol stimulates insulin production, which speeds up glucose metabolism and can result in low blood sugar, causing irritability and possibly death for diabetics. (wikipedia.org)
- In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Javeed and colleagues ( 1 ) make the point that PDAC-associated T3cDM, termed PC-DM, is associated with insulin resistance and increased peripheral insulin levels, whereas T3cDM observed in chronic pancreatitis is associated with decreased insulin levels due to the loss of insulin-secreting β cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Occurs3
- Pancreatitis from alcohol use usually occurs in individuals who have been long-term alcohol drinkers for at least five to seven years. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Acute pancreatitis occurs suddenly and lasts a short period of time, usually resolving. (martinsurgery.com.au)
- Endocrine neoplasm or Pancreatitis occurs when pancreatic secretions build up and begin to digest the organ itself. (avinaux.com)
Alcoholic chronic pancreatitis5
- However, it remains unknown whether alcoholic (chronic) pancreatitis has the potential to regress when alcohol is withdrawn. (bmj.com)
- The aims of this study were to assess pancreatic surgery performance for chronic pain in patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis and to determine factors predictive of therapeutic response. (ovid.com)
- Fifty patients were included in the alcoholic chronic pancreatitis group and 16 patients in the control group. (ovid.com)
- Smoking cessation before pancreatic surgery was achieved in 40% of the alcoholic chronic pancreatitis group compared with 73% of the control group (P = .005). (ovid.com)
- In patients with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis undergoing surgery for chronic pain, narcotic use cessation and improved quality of life depend on early surgery and complete smoking cessation. (ovid.com)
Enzymes9
- A doctor may suggest that those with chronic pancreatitis take pancreatic enzymes with every meal, as these may help digest the food more easily, explains MedlinePlus. (reference.com)
- Certain enzymes are much higher in the blood with chronic pancreatitis. (denverhealth.org)
- During pancreatitis, the levels of the pancreatic enzymes amylase and lipase will be elevated in the blood, often up to three times the normal level. (livestrong.com)
- during acute pancreatitis, patients blood have as a minimum tree times the usual amount of lipase and amylase in that case the digestive enzymes appearance in pancreatitis. (majortests.com)
- Intracellular activation of both pancreatic enzymes and the transcription factor NF-κB are important mechanisms that induce acute pancreatitis (AP). (frontiersin.org)
- Live Science explains the mechanism by which this happens: Alcohol spurs pancreatic cells to produce enzymes that destroy and inflame tissue there. (wtkr.com)
- What are the effects of daily aspirin intake for someone also taking enzymes? (childrenwithdiabetes.com)
- Gallstone pancreatitis impedes the flow of pancreatic enzymes. (avinaux.com)
- We conducted a case-control study to assess the effect of alcohol on pancreatic cancer in conjunction with polymorphisms in one-carbon metabolism enzymes, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR C677T), methionine synthase ( MTR A2756G), methionine synthase reductase ( MTRR A66G), and thymidylate synthase ( TS ) variable number of tandem repeat. (aacrjournals.org)
Medications8
- For people who have mild cases of chronic pancreatitis, treatment may include pain medications or a surgical nerve block to eliminate pain, states MedlinePlus. (reference.com)
- Patients with chronic pancreatitis may need frequent pain medications, especially if alcohol intake is not stopped. (cdhf.ca)
- However, some medications can also result in pancreatitis as well as triglyceride disorders, trauma to the abdomen, infections and surgery. (healthguidance.org)
- Most often acute pancreatitis is treated in-hospital with IV fluids along with medications to control the pain. (healthguidance.org)
- Treatment for patients who have pancreatitis due to high triglyceride levels includes weight loss, exercise, eating a low-fat diet, controlling blood sugar (if you have diabetes), and avoiding alcohol and medications that can raise triglycerides, such as thiazide diuretics and beta-blockers. (adam.com)
- Causes of this type of pancreatitis include medications, gallbladder disease and chronic alcohol ingestion. (livestrong.com)
- Acute pancreatitis also usually requires a course of pain treatment sometimes combined with antibiotics and medications to facilitate better digestion. (livestrong.com)
- Treatment of chronic pancreatitis is often treated with pain relieving medications, diet changes. (emedicinehealth.com)
Digestive3
- Note that mild acute pancreatitis doesn’t usually affect the digestive process or glucose metabolism and blood sugar levels. (vanguardngr.com)
- Although pancreatitis can present in different forms, some sufferers can see an improvement in their condition by treatment with digestive enzyme supplements. (livestrong.com)
- Home Digestive Disorders Pancreatitis What is pancreatitis? (cdhf.ca)
Cystic6
- Chronic pancreatitis is mainly caused by chronic alcohol intake in adults or cystic fibrosis in the young. (cdhf.ca)
- People with cystic fibrosis may have chronic pancreatitis without pain due to pancreatic insufficiency. (todaysdietitian.com)
- Other genes, such as the anionic trypsinogen (PRSS2), the serine protease inhibitor, Kazal type 1 (SPINK1) and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) have been found to be associated with chronic pancreatitis (idiopathic and hereditary) as well. (biomedcentral.com)
- We have patients taking aspirin who have alcoholic pancreatitis, chronic pancreatitis from other causes outside alcohol, and in patients with cystic fibrosis. (childrenwithdiabetes.com)
- The underlying etiology in most cases is chronic pancreatitis, and it has been estimated that chronic pancreatitis and PDAC contribute to approximately 80% and 8% of T3cDM, respectively, while the remaining cases occur as a result of other types of pancreatic exocrine pathologies, such as pancreatic trauma and cystic fibrosis ( 5, 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- The most common cause is chronic pancreatitis from alcohol dependence, less commonly from cystic fibrosis, acute pancreatitis and post-pancreatic surgery. (acronymfinder.com)
Gallbladder disease1
- GI causes include Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) (see peptic ulcer disease) whether from reflux or secondary causes such as increased pressure from external source (i.e., hiatal hernia, mass), pancreatitis, gallbladder disease (see Right-upper quadrant pain) and esophagitis (infectious or other). (clinicaladvisor.com)
Biliary4
- Common triggers are biliary tract disease and chronic heavy alcohol intake. (bioportfolio.com)
- Patients with mild biliary pancreatitis should have a laparoscopic cholecystectomy during their index admission. (mja.com.au)
- Patients with biliary pancreatitis and concurrent cholangitis should have endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography within 24 hours of presentation. (mja.com.au)
- Alcohol and biliary disease are the number one and number two causes of pancreatitis. (wikihow.com)
Binge3
- Binge drinking of alcohol prior to the attack should be inquired about. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- The exact quantity of alcohol that one consumes during an alcoholic binge is usually more than 4-5 measures (pegs) in one sitting. (deccanherald.com)
- A very common issue after binge alcohol use is a blackout, which is an alcohol related memory loss. (deccanherald.com)
Complications3
- Main outcome measures: Risk factors, clinical features complications and treatment of chronic pancreatitis. (amrita.edu)
- As patients with chronic pancreatitis can, at best, be only symptom free, but never cured, the treatment continues to be directed against symptoms and complications, of which pain is the most dominant. (lww.com)
- Some people may develop chronic pancreatitis or die from complications such as kidney failure , diabetes , breathing problems and/or brain damage. (emedicinehealth.com)
Pancreatic tissue1
- Necrotizing pancreatitis (in which pancreatic tissue dies) can lead to cyst-like pockets and abscesses. (adam.com)
Pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis2
- Diagrammatic illustration of genetic and environmental factors with their suspected influence on the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis. (biomedcentral.com)
- The pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis is not yet understood. (thefreelibrary.com)
Moderate8
- Alcohol at moderate levels has some positive and negative effects on health. (wikipedia.org)
- Conversely moderate intake of alcohol may have some beneficial effects on gastritis and cholelithiasis. (wikipedia.org)
- Of the total number of deaths and diseases caused by alcohol, most happen to the majority of the population who are moderate drinkers, rather than the heavy drinker minority. (wikipedia.org)
- In case the animals were put on a moderate alcohol diet for a period of ten weeks, their postprandial HT and hyperchylomicronemia were less pronounced. (hindawi.com)
- According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, people who have pancreatitis should avoid any beverage that contains caffeine, a mild to moderate stimulant. (livestrong.com)
- Moderate intake of alcohol appears relatively safe, but in recent studies the excessive and prolonged drinking of alcohol has been linked to an increased likelihood of pancreatic cancer. (columbiasurgery.org)
- Q: What is considered "moderate" alcohol intake? (wth.org)
- Moderate alcohol intake seems to reduce the risk of developing metabolic syndrome but heavy intake actually increases the risk of developing this syndrome. (alcoholrehab.com)
Attacks of acute pancreatitis1
- Mild attacks of acute pancreatitis can improve on their own, or with dietary changes. (adam.com)
Excess5
- It is usually caused by many years of alcohol abuse, excess iron in the blood and other unknown factors. (martinsurgery.com.au)
- Chronic pancreatitis is usually caused by many years of alcohol abuse, excess iron in the blood, and other unknown factors. (garycrosthwaite.com.au)
- It usually means consuming an excess amount of alcohol in a short period of time, usually in a few hours. (deccanherald.com)
- Excess alcohol can also cause rhythm disturbances of the heart and can even lead to a myocardial infarction (heart attack). (deccanherald.com)
- But the short-term effects are not the only way excess alcohol intake can impact your health. (wth.org)
Increases5
- However, alcohol use increases the risk of or worsens health conditions, which in turn, increases pancreatic cancer risk. (portsmouthhospital.com)
- Chronic hypercalcemia suggests primary hyperparathyroidism whereas rapid increases in serum calcium suggest malignancy. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Alcohol transiently increases pancreatic exocrine secretion and contraction of the muscle regulating the flow of pancreatic juice. (avinaux.com)
- It also increases risk of alcohol induced psychiatric disorders. (deccanherald.com)
- The risk of acute pancreatitis increases with age. (pancreapedia.org)
Surgical4
- The frequency, severity, and other characteristics of pain in chronic pancreatitis have a major impact on its management: no treatment or medical and surgical interventions. (lww.com)
- Different types of surgical procedures may be necessary depending on the cause of the pancreatitis. (adam.com)
- Acute pancreatitis is a common acute surgical condition. (mja.com.au)
- Surgical procedures for the treatment of chronic pancreatitis are usually performed under general anaesthesia with you lying on your back. (sydneypancreaticcentre.com.au)
Hospitalization4
- Acute pancreatitis usually requires hospitalization, where the patient receives fluids, antibiotics and pain medication through an intravenous drip. (livestrong.com)
- Acute pancreatitis may require hospitalization, where you will receive medication for pain. (adam.com)
- Pannala says there is no definitive age profile, but pancreatitis is more common in men, and when alcohol-related it tends to strike patients in their 20s-40s, making it one of the most common causes of hospitalization in the U.S. for gastric diseases, with costs for care rising into the billions of dollars annually. (billboard.com)
- Acute pancreatitis is the most common reason for hospitalization for a gastrointestinal related disease in the United States. (pancreapedia.org)
Mild1
- Oral feeding can be recommenced in mild pancreatitis once pain and nausea and vomiting have resolved. (mja.com.au)
Malnutrition1
- Prior studies eliminated generalized malnutrition, chronic hepatitis B infection, and the type of alcoholic beverage consumed as risk factors. (springer.com)
Effects of alco5
- and (2) to assess the effects of alcohol ± LPS on pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. (bmj.com)
- The developing adolescent brain is particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
- Alcohol metabolism by microorganisms in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract has been implicated in carcinogenesis, and may also play a role in other health effects of alcohol. (nih.gov)
- There are some positive effects of alcohol (I mean, that's why you started drinking in the first place right? (greenestone.net)
- If the night out at a bar description is your Monday - Friday experience, then you will start to feel some of the long term effects of alcohol on the brain and body - including addiction. (greenestone.net)
Idiopathic chronic pancreatitis1
- 10% of cases), whereas the painless state is more frequent in the late-onset type of idiopathic chronic pancreatitis and in tropical chronic pancreatitis. (lww.com)
Progression of chronic1
- Consuming more than 50 g of alcohol daily can accelerate progression of chronic hepatitis C and genetic hemochromatosis. (springer.com)
Ingestion1
- Finally, chronic alcohol ingestion results in the secretion of protein-rich pancreatic fluid, which leads in process to the obstruction of small pancreatic ducts. (avinaux.com)
Genetic4
- In Hereditary pancreatitis the genetic defect that causes this condition is present at birth but symptoms don’t usually develop until the first or second decade of life. (vanguardngr.com)
- Most cases of pancreatitis are likely due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. (vanguardngr.com)
- In some cases pancreatitis is genetic. (cdhf.ca)
- Of note, 10% to 20% of cases of acute pancreatitis have no identifiable cause (idiopathic pancreatitis), although a growing body of evidence suggests that many may have an underlying genetic basis. (avinaux.com)
Lead to chronic1
- In some cases, gallbladder removals can also lead to chronic pancreatitis. (sooperarticles.com)
Treatment of acute pancreatitis3
- After successful treatment of acute pancreatitis, the gland usually recovers completely. (cdhf.ca)
- During the exacerbation the treatment is carried out at a hospital, similar to treatment of acute pancreatitis. (abdominal-pain-cure.com)
- Treatment of acute pancreatitis is done according to the underlying cause. (emedicinehealth.com)
Features of CHRONIC pancreatitis1
- Other features of chronic pancreatitis include greasy or oily stool as well as difficult to control diabetes. (gi.org)
Severity4
- Based on the severity of pancreatitis, other symptoms and signs of systemic inflammatory response might be seen. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- Acute pancreatitis is a relatively common and reversible inflammatory disorder that varies in severity. (avinaux.com)
- 3 The mortality rate for pancreatitis is between 1.5% and 4.2% in large epidemiological studies, 4 - 6 but varies according to the severity of pancreatitis, increasing to 30% in those with infected pancreatic necrosis. (mja.com.au)
- Treatment depends on the severity of chronic pancreatitis. (sydneypancreaticcentre.com.au)
Symptoms of pancreatitis1
- Your health care provider will examine you for signs and symptoms of pancreatitis. (adam.com)
Causes of acute1
- There are many causes of acute pancreatitis. (pancreapedia.org)
Infection1
- About 90%-95% of patients treated for acute pancreatitis may completely recover if the underlying cause such as alcohol or infection is appropriately treated. (emedicinehealth.com)
Clinical4
- Clinical symptoms/features of ACUTE pancreatitis? (brainscape.com)
- Objective: To determine whether the implementation of a protocol for the management of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) improves the clinical outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
- The presence of chronic pancreatitis was defined by a composite of clinical, biochemical and radiological criteria. (edu.au)
- This finding may have application in the clinical setting as part of a chronic disease management protocol. (edu.au)
Tissue3
- Chronic pancreatitis patients will normally receive treatment for alcohol addiction, but surgery may be required for those presenting with tissue death. (livestrong.com)
- Another mechanism which may contribute to postprandial HT is a decrease of lipogenesis and glucose oxidation in adipose tissue, as shown in rats after chronic ethanol feeding [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The most commonly cited theory for the cause of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis suggests the deposition of protein plugs that later calcify, leading to duct obstruction with subsequent fibrotic replacement of the acinar tissue upstream from the occlusion. (thefreelibrary.com)
Incidence7
- Other researchers showed that hip fracture incidence in older women correlated with animal protein intake, and they suggested a causal relation to the acid load from protein. (medindia.net)
- Plant food intake tended to be protective against hip fracture, and that hip fracture incidence among countries correlated inversely with the ratio of plant-to-animal food intake. (medindia.net)
- The increasing incidence of PC was closely related to the increasing intake of animal fat. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Incidence rate of pancreatitis among simvastatin users was compared with the adult reference population. (bmj.com)
- Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common cause for hospitalisation with over 280 000 admissions on an annual basis and a rising incidence in the USA. (bmj.com)
- Worldwide, the incidence of acute pancreatitis is between 4.9 and 73.4 cases per 100,000 (2, 3). (pancreapedia.org)
- There is an increasing incidence of acute pancreatitis in the United States. (pancreapedia.org)
Nausea3
- Pancreatitis leads to characteristic symptoms, which include pain in the abdomen that may radiate to the back, nausea , vomiting , and pain that worsens after eating. (emedicinehealth.com)
- Common symptoms of acute pancreatitis include pain in the upper abdomen, nausea, a swollen or tender abdomen, increased heart rate and even fever. (healthguidance.org)
- The pain may be associated with nausea, vomiting, chronic pain and weight loss (see Duodenal ulcer). (clinicaladvisor.com)
Heavy7
- Heavy and prolonged intake of alcohol is the most frequ. (reference.com)
- It may come on after heavy alcohol use or eating. (cdhf.ca)
- The high tolerance of chronic heavy drinkers may allow some of them to remain conscious at levels above 0.40%, although serious health hazards are incurred at this level. (wikipedia.org)
- Heavy alcohol use-more than 50 g per day for more than five years-accounts for 25% to 35% of cases. (todaysdietitian.com)
- Vigorous and forceful vomiting after heavy alcohol use can lead to tears in the stomach and food-pipe leading to vomiting of blood. (deccanherald.com)
- About seven out of 10 cases of chronic pancreatitis are the result of long-term, heavy drinking. (wikihow.com)
- If you are a heavy drinker, there are two types of pancreatitis you can develop. (greenestone.net)
Hereditary chronic pancreatitis1
- Hereditary chronic pancreatitis (HCP) is a very rare form of early onset chronic pancreatitis. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients with chronic7
- All patients with chronic pancreatitis who underwent pancreatic surgery for chronic pain were included and divided into 2 groups according to the cause of chronic pancreatitis: alcoholic and any other chronic pancreatitis causes as the control group. (ovid.com)
- The management of symptoms should therefore be of prime concern in most patients with chronic pancreatitis. (lww.com)
- Different pain patterns have been described for patients with chronic pancreatitis. (lww.com)
- At least 85% of patients with chronic pancreatitis will develop pain at some time during the course of their disease. (lww.com)
- Active vitamin D analogs are commonly used in patients with chronic kidney disease and in patients who have previously had a parathyroidectomy. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Using gas chromatography mass spectrometry, they measured the levels of metabolites in the blood of patients with pancreatic cancer, patients with chronic pancreatitis and healthy volunteers. (acronymfinder.com)
- The profile of patients with chronic pancreatitis has changed dramatically, with a precipitous drop in the proportion of cases related to alcohol and an upsurge in those with other etiologies, Dr. (acronymfinder.com)
Obstructive2
- However, duct obstruction is considered an essential fibrosis mechanism in chronic obstructive pancreatitis distal to a stricture of the pancreatic duct. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Chronic obstructive pancreatitis is observed secondary to slow-growing pancreatic carcinomas, ampullary carcinomas, odditis, and pancreatic duct scars and shows a different histologic structure from that of chronic alcoholic pancreatitis. (thefreelibrary.com)
Tobacco7
- To help reduce your chances of chronic pancreatitis, avoid or stop using tobacco and alcohol. (denverhealth.org)
- Alcohol, tobacco, and painkiller intake, quality of life data 6 months and 1 year after surgery, and morphological and pathological features were analyzed. (ovid.com)
- Tobacco has the same effect of increasing the craving for alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
- This evidence may suggest that there is a cocarcinogenic interaction between alcohol and tobacco-related carcinogens. (wikipedia.org)
- Information was obtained on the intake of dietary macro- and micronutrients, coffee, tobacco and alcohol in the period just prior to the acute exacerbation. (edu.au)
- Conclusions: Preceding an acute exacerbation, patients with underlying chronic pancreatitis are more likely to substitute food-based intake for combinations of other substances, such as tobacco and coffee. (edu.au)
- 60, chronic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) exposure, concomitant glucocorticoid use and tobacco use. (clinicaladvisor.com)
Diabetes mellitus1
- Chronic pancreatitis can lead to impaired digestion of food and diabetes mellitus. (gi.org)
