Alcohol induced disorders nervous system. Medical search

Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.

Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.

The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)

A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)

A zinc-containing enzyme which oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols or hemiacetals in the presence of NAD. In alcoholic fermentation, it catalyzes the final step of reducing an aldehyde to an alcohol in the presence of NADH and hydrogen.

A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.

A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.

Diseases of any component of the brain (including the cerebral hemispheres, diencephalon, brain stem, and cerebellum) or the spinal cord.

Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.

Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.

The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system has autonomic and somatic divisions. The autonomic nervous system includes the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors.

An umbrella term used to describe a pattern of disabilities and abnormalities that result from fetal exposure to ETHANOL during pregnancy. It encompasses a phenotypic range that can vary greatly between individuals, but reliably includes one or more of the following: characteristic facial dysmorphism, FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION, central nervous system abnormalities, cognitive and/or behavioral dysfunction, BIRTH DEFECTS. The level of maternal alcohol consumption does not necessarily correlate directly with disease severity.

Categorical classification of MENTAL DISORDERS based on criteria sets with defining features. It is produced by the American Psychiatric Association. (DSM-IV, page xxii)

Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or mis-use of alcohol.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

Drinkable liquids containing ETHANOL.

A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).

Alcohols derived from the aryl radical (C6H5CH2-) and defined by C6H5CHOH. The concept includes derivatives with any substituents on the benzene ring.

Two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gallbladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation. (From Kandel, Schwartz, and Jessel, Principles of Neural Science, 3d ed, p766)

Benign and malignant neoplastic processes that arise from or secondarily involve the brain, spinal cord, or meninges.

Disorders related to substance abuse.

A very loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. The major groups included here are ethyl alcohol, anesthetics, hypnotics and sedatives, narcotics, and tranquilizing agents (antipsychotics and antianxiety agents).

The ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; PARASYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; and SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM taken together. Generally speaking, the autonomic nervous system regulates the internal environment during both peaceful activity and physical or emotional stress. Autonomic activity is controlled and integrated by the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the HYPOTHALAMUS and the SOLITARY NUCLEUS, which receive information relayed from VISCERAL AFFERENTS.

Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.

Marked depression appearing in the involution period and characterized by hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and agitation.

A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.

Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

The thoracolumbar division of the autonomic nervous system. Sympathetic preganglionic fibers originate in neurons of the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord and project to the paravertebral and prevertebral ganglia, which in turn project to target organs. The sympathetic nervous system mediates the body's response to stressful situations, i.e., the fight or flight reactions. It often acts reciprocally to the parasympathetic system.

A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)

An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.

Substances interfering with the metabolism of ethyl alcohol, causing unpleasant side effects thought to discourage the drinking of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol deterrents are used in the treatment of alcoholism.

Characteristic properties and processes of the NERVOUS SYSTEM as a whole or with reference to the peripheral or the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A polymer prepared from polyvinyl acetates by replacement of the acetate groups with hydroxyl groups. It is used as a pharmaceutic aid and ophthalmic lubricant as well as in the manufacture of surface coatings artificial sponges, cosmetics, and other products.

A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month. There are various forms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depending on the time of onset and the duration of these stress symptoms. In the acute form, the duration of the symptoms is between 1 to 3 months. In the chronic form, symptoms last more than 3 months. With delayed onset, symptoms develop more than 6 months after the traumatic event.

Pathogenic infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges. DNA VIRUS INFECTIONS; RNA VIRUS INFECTIONS; BACTERIAL INFECTIONS; MYCOPLASMA INFECTIONS; SPIROCHAETALES INFECTIONS; fungal infections; PROTOZOAN INFECTIONS; HELMINTHIASIS; and PRION DISEASES may involve the central nervous system as a primary or secondary process.

An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.

A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable.

Benign and malignant neoplastic processes arising from or involving components of the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems, cranial nerves, and meninges. Included in this category are primary and metastatic nervous system neoplasms.

Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.

Standardized procedures utilizing rating scales or interview schedules carried out by health personnel for evaluating the degree of mental illness.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Habitual moderation in the indulgence of a natural appetite, especially but not exclusively the consumption of alcohol.

A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. These behaviors include aggressive conduct that causes or threatens physical harm to other people or animals, nonaggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. The onset is before age 18. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

An acute organic mental disorder induced by cessation or reduction in chronic alcohol consumption. Clinical characteristics include CONFUSION; DELUSIONS; vivid HALLUCINATIONS; TREMOR; agitation; insomnia; and signs of autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., elevated blood pressure and heart rate, dilated pupils, and diaphoresis). This condition may occasionally be fatal. It was formerly called delirium tremens. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1175)

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.

Viral infections of the brain, spinal cord, meninges, or perimeningeal spaces.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.

A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.

Drinking an excessive amount of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES in a short period of time.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Disorders characterized by recurrent TICS that may interfere with speech and other activities. Tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations which may be exacerbated by stress and are generally attenuated during absorbing activities. Tic disorders are distinguished from conditions which feature other types of abnormal movements that may accompany another another condition. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

Disorders stemming from the misuse and abuse of alcohol.

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

A class of drugs producing both physiological and psychological effects through a variety of mechanisms. They can be divided into "specific" agents, e.g., affecting an identifiable molecular mechanism unique to target cells bearing receptors for that agent, and "nonspecific" agents, those producing effects on different target cells and acting by diverse molecular mechanisms. Those with nonspecific mechanisms are generally further classed according to whether they produce behavioral depression or stimulation. Those with specific mechanisms are classed by locus of action or specific therapeutic use. (From Gilman AG, et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p252)

The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. (DSM-IV)

Isomeric forms and derivatives of PROPANOL (C3H7OH).

Inflammation of blood vessels within the central nervous system. Primary vasculitis is usually caused by autoimmune or idiopathic factors, while secondary vasculitis is caused by existing disease process. Clinical manifestations are highly variable but include HEADACHE; SEIZURES; behavioral alterations; INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; and BRAIN INFARCTION. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp856-61)

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by a another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The symptoms must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V)

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Nerve fibers that are capable of rapidly conducting impulses away from the neuron cell body.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

An alcoholic beverage usually made from malted cereal grain (as barley), flavored with hops, and brewed by slow fermentation.

Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors. Sleep disorders may be divided into three major categories: DYSSOMNIAS (i.e. disorders characterized by insomnia or hypersomnia), PARASOMNIAS (abnormal sleep behaviors), and sleep disorders secondary to medical or psychiatric disorders. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Compounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-OH) and an amino group (-NH2).

Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Acute and chronic neurologic disorders associated with the various neurologic effects of ETHANOL. Primary sites of injury include the brain and peripheral nerves.

Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.

A directed conversation aimed at eliciting information for psychiatric diagnosis, evaluation, treatment planning, etc. The interview may be conducted by a social worker or psychologist.

The lipid-rich sheath surrounding AXONS in both the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEMS and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The myelin sheath is an electrical insulator and allows faster and more energetically efficient conduction of impulses. The sheath is formed by the cell membranes of glial cells (SCHWANN CELLS in the peripheral and OLIGODENDROGLIA in the central nervous system). Deterioration of the sheath in DEMYELINATING DISEASES is a serious clinical problem.

Traumatic injuries to the brain, cranial nerves, spinal cord, autonomic nervous system, or neuromuscular system, including iatrogenic injuries induced by surgical procedures.

Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Diseases of the parasympathetic or sympathetic divisions of the AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM; which has components located in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Autonomic dysfunction may be associated with HYPOTHALAMIC DISEASES; BRAIN STEM disorders; SPINAL CORD DISEASES; and PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISEASES. Manifestations include impairments of vegetative functions including the maintenance of BLOOD PRESSURE; HEART RATE; pupil function; SWEATING; REPRODUCTIVE AND URINARY PHYSIOLOGY; and DIGESTION.

Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

Disorders whose essential features are the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the individual or to others. Individuals experience an increased sense of tension prior to the act and pleasure, gratification or release of tension at the time of committing the act.

A personality disorder whose essential feature is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. The individual must be at least age 18 and must have a history of some symptoms of CONDUCT DISORDER before age 15. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Neurotic reactions to unusual, severe, or overwhelming military stress.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The co-existence of a substance abuse disorder with a psychiatric disorder. The diagnostic principle is based on the fact that it has been found often that chemically dependent patients also have psychiatric problems of various degrees of severity.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Educational institutions providing facilities for teaching and research and authorized to grant academic degrees.

A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.

The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.

MYCOSES of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges which may result in ENCEPHALITIS; MENINGITIS, FUNGAL; MYELITIS; BRAIN ABSCESS; and EPIDURAL ABSCESS. Certain types of fungi may produce disease in immunologically normal hosts, while others are classified as opportunistic pathogens, causing illness primarily in immunocompromised individuals (e.g., ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME).

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system - the largest and most numerous neuroglial cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytes (from "star" cells) are irregularly shaped with many long processes, including those with "end feet" which form the glial (limiting) membrane and directly and indirectly contribute to the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER. They regulate the extracellular ionic and chemical environment, and "reactive astrocytes" (along with MICROGLIA) respond to injury.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.

Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue.

Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS. Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

Acquired or developmental conditions marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or generate spoken forms of language.

Hereditary and sporadic conditions which are characterized by progressive nervous system dysfunction. These disorders are often associated with atrophy of the affected central or peripheral nervous system structures.

The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.

The craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system. The cell bodies of the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers are in brain stem nuclei and in the sacral spinal cord. They synapse in cranial autonomic ganglia or in terminal ganglia near target organs. The parasympathetic nervous system generally acts to conserve resources and restore homeostasis, often with effects reciprocal to the sympathetic nervous system.

An act performed without delay, reflection, voluntary direction or obvious control in response to a stimulus.

The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community.

Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.

Any observable response or action of an adolescent.

Diseases characterized by loss or dysfunction of myelin in the central or peripheral nervous system.

Bacterial infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges, including infections involving the perimeningeal spaces.

Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.

The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.

Feeling or emotion of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

Conditions characterized by a significant discrepancy between an individual's perceived level of intellect and their ability to acquire new language and other cognitive skills. These disorders may result from organic or psychological conditions. Relatively common subtypes include DYSLEXIA, DYSCALCULIA, and DYSGRAPHIA.

The excessive use of marijuana with associated psychological symptoms and impairment in social or occupational functioning.

The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.

Chronically depressed mood that occurs for most of the day more days than not for at least 2 years. The required minimum duration in children to make this diagnosis is 1 year. During periods of depressed mood, at least 2 of the following additional symptoms are present: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, and feelings of hopelessness. (DSM-IV)

Undertaking a task involving a challenge for achievement or a desirable goal in which there is a lack of certainty or a fear of failure. It may also include the exhibiting of certain behaviors whose outcomes may present a risk to the individual or to those associated with him or her.

Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.

A characteristic symptom complex.

Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with major depression present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.

A class of large neuroglial (macroglial) cells in the central nervous system. Oligodendroglia may be called interfascicular, perivascular, or perineuronal (not the same as SATELLITE CELLS, PERINEURONAL of GANGLIA) according to their location. They form the insulating MYELIN SHEATH of axons in the central nervous system.

A disorder associated with three or more of the following: eating until feeling uncomfortably full; eating large amounts of food when not physically hungry; eating much more rapidly than normal; eating alone due to embarrassment; feeling of disgust, DEPRESSION, or guilt after overeating. Criteria includes occurrence on average, at least 2 days a week for 6 months. The binge eating is not associated with the regular use of inappropriate compensatory behavior (i.e. purging, excessive exercise, etc.) and does not co-occur exclusively with BULIMIA NERVOSA or ANOREXIA NERVOSA. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.

Those factors which cause an organism to behave or act in either a goal-seeking or satisfying manner. They may be influenced by physiological drives or by external stimuli.

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Conditions which cause proliferation of hemopoietically active tissue or of tissue which has embryonic hemopoietic potential. They all involve dysregulation of multipotent MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS, most often caused by a mutation in the JAK2 PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

Sudden temporary alterations in the normally integrative functions of consciousness.

The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.

An autoimmune disorder mainly affecting young adults and characterized by destruction of myelin in the central nervous system. Pathologic findings include multiple sharply demarcated areas of demyelination throughout the white matter of the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations include visual loss, extra-ocular movement disorders, paresthesias, loss of sensation, weakness, dysarthria, spasticity, ataxia, and bladder dysfunction. The usual pattern is one of recurrent attacks followed by partial recovery (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, RELAPSING-REMITTING), but acute fulminating and chronic progressive forms (see MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, CHRONIC PROGRESSIVE) also occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p903)

A variety of conditions affecting the anatomic and functional characteristics of the temporomandibular joint. Factors contributing to the complexity of temporomandibular diseases are its relation to dentition and mastication and the symptomatic effects in other areas which account for referred pain to the joint and the difficulties in applying traditional diagnostic procedures to temporomandibular joint pathology where tissue is rarely obtained and x-rays are often inadequate or nonspecific. Common diseases are developmental abnormalities, trauma, subluxation, luxation, arthritis, and neoplasia. (From Thoma's Oral Pathology, 6th ed, pp577-600)

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Tuberculosis of the brain, spinal cord, or meninges (TUBERCULOSIS, MENINGEAL), most often caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS and rarely by MYCOBACTERIUM BOVIS. The infection may be limited to the nervous system or coexist in other organs (e.g., TUBERCULOSIS, PULMONARY). The organism tends to seed the meninges causing a diffuse meningitis and leads to the formation of TUBERCULOMA, which may occur within the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal spaces. Tuberculous involvement of the vertebral column (TUBERCULOSIS, SPINAL) may result in nerve root or spinal cord compression. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp717-20)

Formation of NEURONS which involves the differentiation and division of STEM CELLS in which one or both of the daughter cells become neurons.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Child with one or more parents afflicted by a physical or mental disorder.

The observable, measurable, and often pathological activity of an organism that portrays its inability to overcome a habit resulting in an insatiable craving for a substance or for performing certain acts. The addictive behavior includes the emotional and physical overdependence on the object of habit in increasing amount or frequency.

The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.

Fermented juice of fresh grapes or of other fruit or plant products used as a beverage.

An experimental animal model for central nervous system demyelinating disease. Inoculation with a white matter emulsion combined with FREUND'S ADJUVANT, myelin basic protein, or purified central myelin triggers a T cell-mediated immune response directed towards central myelin. The pathologic features are similar to MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS, including perivascular and periventricular foci of inflammation and demyelination. Subpial demyelination underlying meningeal infiltrations also occurs, which is also a feature of ENCEPHALOMYELITIS, ACUTE DISSEMINATED. Passive immunization with T-cells from an afflicted animal to a normal animal also induces this condition. (From Immunol Res 1998;17(1-2):217-27; Raine CS, Textbook of Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p604-5)

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

The feeling-tone accompaniment of an idea or mental representation. It is the most direct psychic derivative of instinct and the psychic representative of the various bodily changes by means of which instincts manifest themselves.

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

Assessment of psychological variables by the application of mathematical procedures.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Individual or group aggressive behavior which is socially non-acceptable, turbulent, and often destructive. It is precipitated by frustrations, hostility, prejudices, etc.

A watery fluid that is continuously produced in the CHOROID PLEXUS and circulates around the surface of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and in the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.

A disorder whose predominant feature is a loss or alteration in physical functioning that suggests a physical disorder but that is actually a direct expression of a psychological conflict or need.

Structural abnormalities of the central or peripheral nervous system resulting primarily from defects of embryogenesis.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Isomeric forms and derivatives of pentanol (C5H11OH).

Disorders caused by cellular or humoral immune responses primarily directed towards nervous system autoantigens. The immune response may be directed towards specific tissue components (e.g., myelin) and may be limited to the central nervous system (e.g., MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS) or the peripheral nervous system (e.g., GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME).

Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.

The third type of glial cell, along with astrocytes and oligodendrocytes (which together form the macroglia). Microglia vary in appearance depending on developmental stage, functional state, and anatomical location; subtype terms include ramified, perivascular, ameboid, resting, and activated. Microglia clearly are capable of phagocytosis and play an important role in a wide spectrum of neuropathologies. They have also been suggested to act in several other roles including in secretion (e.g., of cytokines and neural growth factors), in immunological processing (e.g., antigen presentation), and in central nervous system development and remodeling.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

The effect of environmental or physiological factors on the driver and driving ability. Included are driving fatigue, and the effect of drugs, disease, and physical disabilities on driving.

Substances used for their pharmacological actions on any aspect of neurotransmitter systems. Neurotransmitter agents include agonists, antagonists, degradation inhibitors, uptake inhibitors, depleters, precursors, and modulators of receptor function.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

Neurofunctional effects of developmental alcohol exposure in alcohol-preferring and alcohol-nonpreferring rats. (1/84)

The neurofunctional effects of developmental alcohol exposure (3% v/v solution from day 15 of gestation to day 7 after parturition) have been investigated in Sardinian alcohol-preferring (sP) and alcohol-nonpreferring (sNP) rat lines, selectively bred for opposite alcohol preference and consumption. Alcohol exposure significantly decreased the rate of ultrasonic emission in sP male pups; whereas, it did not affect this indicator of emotional reactivity in sNP animals. Perinatal alcohol intake did not influence either learning of an active avoidance task or hippocampal long-term potentiation in both offspring lines. Significant differences in time spent exploring novel objects were observed between control sP and sNP rats subjected to the novel exploration object test. Alcohol exposed sP rats, but not alcohol exposed sNP rats, apparently lost the capacity to discriminate between the novel and the familiar object, even though this difference is difficult to interpret because of the large differences in the respective responses to the novel objects. Neurochemical experiments have shown that basal levels of dopamine (DA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) were significantly higher in the nucleus accumbens (NAC) of sP rats with respect to sNP animals. Perinatal alcohol did not affect basal DA and HVA concentrations or amphetamine-induced DA increase and HVA decrease in the NAC of either sP or sNP offspring. These results suggest that subtle behavioral alterations induced by developmental exposure to low doses of alcohol, which do not cause malformations and/or overt neurotoxicity, may be associated with genetic factors, although not necessarily those responsible for differences in alcohol preference. (+info)

Attributable risk of common and rare determinants of subarachnoid hemorrhage. (2/84)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Smoking, hypertension, alcohol consumption, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), and positive family history for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are well-known risk factors for SAH. For effective prevention, knowledge about the contribution of these risk factors to the overall occurrence of SAH in the general population is pivotal. We therefore investigated the population attributable risks of the risk factors for SAH. METHODS: We retrieved the relative risk and prevalence of established risk factors for SAH from the literature and calculated the population attributable risks of these risk factors. RESULTS: Drinking alcohol 100 to 299 g/wk accounted for 11% of the cases of SAH, drinking alcohol >/=300 g/wk accounted for 21%, and smoking accounted for 20%. An additional 17% of the cases could be attributed to hypertension, 11% to a positive family history for SAH, and 0.3% to ADPKD. CONCLUSIONS: Screening and preventive treatment of patients with familial preponderance of SAH alone will cause a modest reduction of the incidence of SAH in the general population. Further reduction can be achieved by reducing the prevalence of the modifiable risk factors alcohol consumption, smoking, and hypertension. (+info)

Mechanisms of alcohol-induced damage to the developing nervous system. (3/84)

Numerous mechanisms likely contribute to the damaging effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the developing fetus and particularly the developing central nervous system (CNS). The coexistence of a multitude of mechanisms that may act simultaneously or consecutively and differ among various cell types poses particular challenges to researchers. To study alcohol's effects on the fetus more easily, investigators have used animal models and tissue-culture experiments. Such approaches have identified numerous potential mechanisms through which alcohol acts on the fetus, many of which result in cell death by necrosis or apoptosis. Among these mechanisms are increased oxidative stress, damage to the mitochondria, interference with the activity of growth factors, effects on glia cells, impaired development and function of chemical messenger systems involved in neuronal communication, changes in the transport and uptake of the sugar glucose, effects on cell adhesion, and changes in the regulation of gene activity during development. (+info)

Teratogenic effects of alcohol on brain and behavior. (4/84)

Children prenatally exposed to alcohol can suffer from serious cognitive deficits and behavioral problems as well as from alcohol-related changes in brain structure. Neuropsychological studies have identified deficits in learning and memory as well as in executive functioning both in children with fetal alcohol syndrome and in children with less severe impairments. Both groups of children also exhibit problem behaviors, such as alcohol and drug use, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and poor socialization and communication skills. Brain imaging studies have identified structural changes in various brain regions of these children--including the basal ganglia, corpus callosum, cerebellum, and hippocampus--that may account for the cognitive deficits. Functional brain imaging studies also have detected changes in alcohol-exposed children indicative of deficits in information processing and memory tasks. (+info)

A 47-year-old alcoholic man with progressive abnormal gait. (5/84)

Central pontine myelinolysis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient with a history of alcoholism and malnutrition presenting with ataxia, regardless of serum sodium values. T2-weighted images are the most sensitive imaging technique, but changes may not be evident for weeks after the insult, and in addition, the insult may not be known. Supportive care is important to prevent complications, but no treatment has been found to be effective in treating the illness. Patient outcomes vary considerably and are difficult to predict. (+info)

Ethanol-induced apoptosis in the developing visual system during synaptogenesis. (6/84)

PURPOSE: Ethanol is known to have deleterious effects on the human fetal nervous system (fetal alcohol syndrome), including components of the visual system, but only modest progress has been made in understanding these effects. The authors have recently demonstrated that, during the period of synaptogenesis, a single episode of ethanol intoxication lasting for several hours triggers a massive wave of apoptotic neurodegeneration in several regions of the developing rat or mouse forebrain. The present study was undertaken to determine to what extent the developing visual system is vulnerable to the apoptogenic effects of ethanol. METHODS: Infant rats and mice at ages from birth to 21 days were treated subcutaneously with a single dose of ethanol or with two doses, 2 hours apart, on a single day. Blood alcohol levels were determined, and the retinas and visual centers in the brain were examined by light and electronmicroscopy at various times from 4 to 24 hours after treatment. RESULTS: Retinal ganglion cells and neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus, superior colliculus, and visual cortex were all highly susceptible to ethanol's apoptogenic action, the period of peak sensitivity being postnatal days 1 to 4 for ganglion cells and 4 to 7 for the other visual neurons. A transient elevation of blood alcohol to approximately 120 mg/dL was sufficient to activate the cell death program in visual neurons. CONCLUSIONS: During synaptogenesis, a single ethanol intoxication episode triggers apoptotic cell death of neurons at all levels of the visual system from retina to the visual cortex. (+info)

Signaling cascades regulating NMDA receptor sensitivity to ethanol. (7/84)

One of the major targets for ethanol (alcohol) in the brain is the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, a glutamate-gated ion channel. Intriguingly, the effects of ethanol on the NMDA receptor are not homogeneous throughout the brain. This review focuses on recent studies revealing molecular mechanisms that mediate the actions of ethanol on the NMDA receptor in different brain regions via changes in NMDA receptor phosphorylation and compartmentalization. Specifically, the role of the scaffolding protein RACK1 and the regulatory protein DARPP-32 in mediating the distinct effects of ethanol is presented. (+info)

Temporally specific burst in cell proliferation increases hippocampal neurogenesis in protracted abstinence from alcohol. (8/84)

Adult neurogenesis is a newly considered form of plasticity that could contribute to brain dysfunction in psychiatric disease. Chronic alcoholism, a disease affecting over 8% of the adult population, produces cognitive impairments and decreased brain volumes, both of which are partially reversed during abstinence. Clinical data and animal models implicate the hippocampus, a region important in learning and memory. In a model of alcohol dependence (chronic binge exposure for 4 d), we show that adult neurogenesis is inhibited during dependence with a pronounced increase in new hippocampal neuron formation after weeks of abstinence. This increase is attributable to a temporally and regionally specific fourfold increase in cell proliferation at day 7 of abstinence, with a majority of those cells surviving and differentiating at percentages similar to controls, effects that doubled the formation of new neurons. Although increases in cell proliferation correlated with alcohol withdrawal severity, proliferation remained increased when diazepam (10 mg/kg) was used to reduce withdrawal severity. Indeed, those animals with little withdrawal activity still show a twofold burst in cell proliferation at day 7 of abstinence. Thus, alcohol dependence and recovery from dependence continues to alter hippocampal plasticity during abstinence. Because neurogenesis may contribute to hippocampal function and/or learning, memory, and mood, compensatory neurogenesis and the return of normal neurogenesis may also have an impact on hippocampal structure and function. For the first time, these data provide a neurobiological mechanism that may underlie the return of human cognitive function and brain volume associated with recovery from addiction. (+info)

... alcohol and other addictive substances can produce symptoms identical to generalized anxiety disorder as well as panic disorder ... The syndrome may be in part due to persisting physiological adaptations in the central nervous system manifested in the form of ... Drug use, including alcohol and prescription drugs, can induce symptomatology which resembles mental illness. This can occur ... Benzodiazepines, opioids, alcohol, and any other drug may induce prolonged withdrawal and have similar effects, with symptoms ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-acute-withdrawal_syndrome

Other common causes include diseases and disorders of the central nervous system, metabolic disorders and alcohol and drug ... Gaze induced nystagmus occurs or is exacerbated as a result of changing one's gaze toward or away from a particular side which ... Nystagmus may be caused by congenital disorder or sleep deprivation, acquired or central nervous system disorders, toxicity, ... Central nervous system disorders such as with a cerebellar problem, the nystagmus can be in any direction including horizontal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystagmus

... alcoholic MeSH C21.739.100.087 - alcohol-induced disorders MeSH C21.739.100.087.193 - alcohol-induced disorders, nervous system ... drug-induced MeSH C21.613.705.150 - alcohol-induced disorders, nervous system MeSH C21.613.705.150.100 - alcohol amnestic ... drug-induced MeSH C21.613.589.500 - lead poisoning, nervous system MeSH C21.613.589.500.400 - lead poisoning, nervous system, ... nervous system, childhood MeSH C21.613.647.500 - mercury poisoning, nervous system MeSH C21.613.647.500.100 - acrodynia MeSH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C21)

Notable causes of neurogenic bladder include disorders of the central nervous system such as Parkinson's disease, multiple ... and alcohol-induced nerve damage. Individuals affected by heart failure often experience nighttime awakenings to urinate due to ... and spinal cord injuries as well as disorders of the peripheral nervous system such as diabetes mellitus, vitamin B12 ... On the other hand, a study in Japanese-American men in Hawaii found a strong negative association with alcohol intake, but a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benign_prostatic_hyperplasia

Methanol is a sedative for central nervous system (CNS) which is potentially toxic. Once people ingest excessive methanol, it ... Patients manifest different symptoms such as headache, dizziness, blurred consciousness, balance disorder, convulsions, ... stiffness, coma-induced apathy, and worsening pronunciation and memory impairment. Severe poisoning manifests mainly in CNS. In ... Because it produces poisonous metabolites, it has many adverse effects on vision, and central nervous system, and the liver. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Punjab_alcohol_poisoning

Hypnotics, which depress the central nervous system. Opioid analgesics, which also depress the central nervous system. These ... alcohol (10%) and sedative (9%) induced psychoses. Transition rates were slightly lower in older cohorts but were not affected ... Mood stabilizers, used to treat bipolar disorder and schizoaffective disorder. Anxiolytics, used to treat anxiety disorders. ... eating disorders and borderline personality disorder. Stimulants, used to treat disorders such as attention deficit ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoactive_drug

Medical specialty dealing with disorders of the nervous system Primary and secondary brain injury - Medical condition ... Disorder or disease of the brain Epilepsy - Group of neurological disorders causing seizures Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder - ... such as the carefully placed brain lesion used to treat epilepsy and other brain disorders. These lesions are induced by ... can occur in the peripheral nervous system but is much rarer and more difficult to assist in the central nervous system (brain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_damage

Strada, S.J. and Weiss, B.: Increased response to catecholamines of the cyclic AMP system of rat pineal gland induced by ... a similar gene therapeutic approach targeting other central nervous system (CNS) neuroreceptors and proteins may prove useful ... for treating other disorders of the CNS . The antisense RNA approach is an alternative to the RNA interference approach. RNA ... treat neurologic and psychiatric conditions associated with D2 receptor hyperactivity such as chorea and addiction to alcohol [ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Weiss_(scientist)

... and borderline personality disorder (where it may induce suicidality and dyscontrol). Like all central nervous system ... Particular care should be taken in pregnant or elderly people, people with substance use disorder history (particularly alcohol ... The GABA chemical and receptor system mediates inhibitory or calming effects of alprazolam on the nervous system. Binding of ... specifically panic disorder or generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Other uses include the treatment of chemotherapy-induced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alprazolam

It has an adverse effect profile similar to other central nervous system depressants. Even though Pregabalin is a depressant ... Evidence of benefit in alcohol withdrawal as well as withdrawal from certain other drugs is limited as of 2016. One study ... It is also effective for the short- and long-term treatment of social anxiety disorder and in reducing preoperative anxiety. ... and anti-convulsant it can sometimes paradoxically induce seizures, particularly in large overdoses. Adverse drug reactions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregabalin

... benzodiazepines or alcohol may result in increased drowsiness and other central nervous system symptoms. Cenobamate induces the ... Younus I, Reddy DS (January 2018). "A resurging boom in new drugs for epilepsy and brain disorders". Expert Review of Clinical ... Using cenobamate together with other central nervous system depressants such as barbiturates, ... It is therefore contraindicated in people with familial short QT syndrome, a very rare disease of the electrical system of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cenobamate

... by pain-induced sympathetic nervous system stimulation; in the early postanesthesia period, e.g. by pain-induced sympathetic ... Heavy alcohol use Steroid use Nicotine use. Malformed aorta, slow pulse, ischemia: these cause reduced blood flow to the renal ... This includes diseases such as polycystic kidney disease which is a cystic genetic disorder of the kidneys, PKD, which is ... the sympathetic nervous system and the adrenal gland. The specific mechanism involved is increased release of the "stress ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_hypertension

"Pathogenesis of disorders of the central nervous system". From 1999 to 2012 Propping coordinated the German HNPCC consortium ... In addition, the metabolism of alcohol is under genetic control. In Bonn, Propping initiated a long term study in order to ... Propping could show that the intra-animal culture of bacteria (host-mediated assay) designed to induce mutations by chemical ... In: Humangenetk, 20, 1973, S. 291-320 P. Propping: Genetic control of ethanol action on the central nervous system. An EEG ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Propping

Central nervous system: dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, seizures, headache, anxiety, tremors, stimulation, weakness, insomnia ... Combining it with alcohol consumption causes excessive drowsiness. It may be unsafe during pregnancy. Those listed in italics ... It is also effective in treating anxiety and panic disorder. The drug is also used to treat bedwetting. Imipramine is taken by ... In veterinary medicine, imipramine is used with xylazine to induce pharmacologic ejaculation in stallions. Blood levels between ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imipramine

GHB accumulates in the nervous system and can cause ataxia as well as other neurological dysfunction. Wilson's disease is an ... The antibodies induce a synaptopathy. The cerebellum is particularly vulnerable to autoimmune disorders. Cerebellar circuitry ... Non-hereditary causes of cerebellar degeneration include chronic alcohol use disorder, head injury, paraneoplastic and non- ... Copper accumulates in the nervous system and liver and can cause ataxia as well as other neurological and organ impairments. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ataxia

... inhibits Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced central nervous system and heart rate effects in humans". British Journal of Clinical ... on alcohol intake and motivational properties of alcohol in alcohol-preferring sP rats". Alcohol and Alcoholism. 40 (1): 46-53 ... with possible application in the treatment of other addictive disorders such as alcoholism. Other potential applications such ... Alcohol. 39 (3): 125-34. doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2006.08.001. PMID 17127132. Louis C, Terranova JP, Decobert M, Bizot JC, Françon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surinabant

ISBN 0-443-04483-X. Standaert, D.G.; Young, A.B. (2001). "Treatment Of Central Nervous System Degerative Disorders". In Goodman ... Muscle relaxants are thought to be useful in painful disorders based on the theory that pain induces spasm and spasm causes ... or people who have depression or for those with a history of drug or alcohol addiction. Because of the enhancement of ... The benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, interact with the GABAA receptor in the central nervous system. While it can be used in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_relaxant

No effects on the central nervous system have been seen with inhalation and oral exposure. Tests of repeated bolus dosages of 1 ... The metabolism of these compounds is impaired in several inherited human peroxisomal disorders, including adrenoleukodystrophy ... and 1-octanol showed potential for CNS depression and induced respiratory distress. No potential for peripheral neuropathy has ... "a C12 alcohol", that is an alcohol having 12 carbons, for example dodecanol. Most fatty alcohols in nature are found as waxes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_alcohol

Psychoactive substance-induced psychotic disorders outlined within the ICD-10 codes F10.5-F19.5: F10.5 alcohol: Alcohol is a ... Cargiulo, Thomas (1 March 2007). "Understanding the health impact of alcohol dependence". American Journal of Health-System ... The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 170 (2): 117-9. doi:10.1097/00005053-198202000-00010. PMID 7057171. Jaffe R, Gibson ... Research has shown that excessive alcohol use causes an 8-fold increased risk of psychotic disorders in men and a 3 fold ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance-induced_psychosis

In addition radicals contribute to alcohol-induced liver damage, perhaps more than alcohol itself. Radicals produced by ... Too much bilirubin, though, can lead to jaundice, which could eventually damage the central nervous system, while too much uric ... diabetes and major disorders. Many forms of cancer are thought to be the result of reactions between radicals and DNA, ... For weak bonds, homolysis can be induced thermally. Strong bonds require high energy photons or even flames to induce homolysis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical_(chemistry)

As neurotoxins, the gonyautoxins influence the nervous system. They can bind with high affinity at the site 1 of the α-subunit ... Removing these groups gives 11β-hydrosaxitoxin as a product, which will then be sulfated on the C 11-alcohol. GTX-2 is formed ... Shellfish can contain more than 10 micrograms of gonyautoxin per 100 gram weight, inducing that the consumption of a few ... Furthermore, blindness and vision disorders are also possible symptoms. Death is most likely to occur within the first twelve ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonyautoxin

... benzodiazepine-induced sleep disorder). Like alcohol, benzodiazepines can put people to sleep but, while asleep, they disrupt ... benzodiazepines can cause or worsen depression due to being a central nervous system depressant-worsening thinking, ... Also, an individual may have a mood disorder coexisting with a substance abuse disorder. Substance-induced mood disorders can ... Depressive and related disorders and bipolar and related disorders. Bipolar disorders fall in between depressive disorders and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mood_disorder

... is a neuropathy caused by killing of neurons in the central nervous system, especially in the spinal cord, as a result of acute ... The disorder may contribute to the chronic multisymptom illnesses of the Gulf War veterans as well as aerotoxic syndrome ( ... alcohol substitute. The drink, called "Ginger Jake," contained an adulterated Jamaican ginger extract containing tri-ortho- ... Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN), also called organophosphate-induced delayed polyneuropathy (OPIDP), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organophosphate-induced_delayed_neuropathy

... is a strong central nervous system (CNS) stimulant medication used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in ... "Methylphenidate-induced psychosis in adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: report of 3 new cases and review of the ... Coingestion of alcohol (ethanol) also increases the blood plasma levels of d-methylphenidate by up to 40%. Liver toxicity from ... Dexmethylphenidate is a central nervous system (CNS) stimulant. How it works in ADHD is unclear. It is the more active ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexmethylphenidate

Signs of alcohol abuse show its drastic effects on the central nervous system, including inebriation and poor judgment; chronic ... Alcohol abuse was a psychiatric diagnosis in the DSM-IV, and has been merged with alcohol dependence into alcohol use disorder ... If alcohol-induced neurotoxicity has occurred a period of abstinence for on average a year is required for the cognitive ... and alcohol dependence (similar meaning to alcohol use disorder but not a term used in DSM). Individuals with an alcohol use ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_abuse

It appears to work by activating the α2A receptors in the brain thereby decreasing sympathetic nervous system activity. ... Guanfacine is also used off-label to treat Tic Disorders, Anxiety Disorders and PTSD. An off-label use of guanfacine is for ... Guanfacine is known to lower the user's tolerance for alcohol, heightening its effect, and alcohol use may prolong the effects ... Medications that inhibit or induce those enzymes change the amount of guanfacine in circulation and thus its efficacy and rate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanfacine

... pathway of prescribed and illicit substance-induced NAS is the hyperactivity of the central and autonomic nervous system and ... Drug and alcohol use during pregnancy can lead to many health problems in the fetus and infants, including neonatal abstinence ... "A Collaborative Approach to the Treatment of Pregnant Women with Opioid Use Disorders". Substance Abuse and Mental Health ... Common signs and symptoms in infants with NAS may include: Signs due to hyperactivity of the central nervous system: Tremors ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neonatal_withdrawal

... central nervous system depression, coma, acute respiratory failure, or death Alcohol can intensify the sedation caused by other ... Alcohol addiction is termed alcohol use disorder. Two or more consecutive alcohol-free days a week have been recommended to ... inducing CREB-mediated changes in gene expression. With chronic alcohol intake, consumption of ethanol similarly induces CREB ... Alcohol and health Binge drinking Alcohol use disorder Drunkenness Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic drinks ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)

The central nervous system depressing effects of the drug can be intensified by alcohol consumption, and therefore alcohol ... Coma Current alcohol use disorder Current substance use disorder Respiratory depression. In September 2020, the U.S. Food and ... While benzodiazepines induce sleep, they tend to reduce the quality of sleep by suppressing or disrupting REM sleep. After ... panic disorder, anxiety disorders, and the movement disorder known as akathisia. It is a tranquilizer of the benzodiazepine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonazepam

All B vitamins play a part in helping the nervous system function properly. Vitamin B1 (thiamine) is an important B vitamin and ... Chronic alcohol abuse is the number one cause of this syndrome, but unfortunately, even though supplementation may improve ... One model of BN produces stress-induced hyperphagia, where rats go through periods of restricted food and then are allowed free ... The impaired memory systems have been found to be the cause of, or drive these eating disorders. If treatment methods are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eating_disorders_and_memory

... severe manifestations of this disease may involve the respiratory system, central nervous system, gastrointestinal system, or ... movement disorders, and language disorders. These complications are most frequent in persons recovering from severe, life- ... Then, the bacteria induce their internalization into host cells via a receptor-mediated invasion mechanism.[citation needed] ... long-term excessive alcohol use and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Deficiency of G6PD is a genetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_spotted_fever

... brain and central nervous system, immune, skeletal, and reproductive systems. Zinc deficiency in humans is caused by reduced ... Ikeda M, Ikui A, Komiyama A, Kobayashi D, Tanaka M (February 2008). "Causative factors of taste disorders in the elderly, and ... Funk AE, Day FA, Brady FO (1987). "Displacement of zinc and copper from copper-induced metallothionein by cadmium and by ... high alcohol intake, and diarrhea all increase loss of zinc from the body. Changes in intestinal tract absorbability and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_deficiency

... the body hyperactivates the sympathetic nervous system which leads to changes in heart rate variability. Due to these changes ... are all induced. One of the greatest factors affecting the stress and sleep of humans is their commitment to their jobs. In our ... Cortisol, the main stress hormone produced by the HPA axis is thought to be responsible for the vulnerability to alcohol abuse ... One month after the coronavirus outbreak, a study determined a frequency of PTSD (Post-traumatic stress disorder) symptoms ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_stress_and_sleep

The virus is not detected in the central nervous system (CNS) of the majority of COVID-19 patients with neurological issues. ... Rates of cardiovascular symptoms are high, owing to the systemic inflammatory response and immune system disorders during ... When soap and water are not available, the CDC recommends using an alcohol-based hand sanitiser with at least 60% alcohol. For ... Studies have shown that S1 domain induced IgG and IgA antibody levels at a much higher capacity. It is the focus spike proteins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19

... peripheral nervous system, and central nervous system. B. Burgdorferi does not produce toxins. Therefore, many of the signs and ... The wound and hands should then be cleaned with alcohol or soap and water. The tick may be disposed by placing it in a ... The spirochetes may also induce host cells to secrete quinolinic acid, which stimulates the NMDA receptor on nerve cells, which ... Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA) is a chronic skin disorder observed primarily in Europe among the elderly. ACA begins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

I requested two friends, who were present, and who both understood the system, to watch the effects, and arouse me when I had ... Self-hypnosis or auto-hypnosis (as distinct from hetero-hypnosis) is a form, a process, or the result of a self-induced ... Archived 17 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine Kohen, D.P., Mahowald, M.W. & Rosen, G.M., "Sleep-Terror Disorder in Children: ... Braid, J., Neurypnology or the Rationale of Nervous Sleep Considered in Relation with Animal Magnetism Illustrated by Numerous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-hypnosis

Baulieu EE (1997). "Neurosteroids: of the nervous system, by the nervous system, for the nervous system". Recent Progress in ... It induced a state of deep and prolonged sleep. But this was not used for long because of adverse side effects. Phenobarbital ... Examples of GABAA PAMs include alcohol (ethanol), benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium) and alprazolam (Xanax), Z-drugs ... studies have shown that alprazolam and adinazolam have antidepressant activities in patients with major depressive disorder. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABAA_receptor_positive_allosteric_modulator

... -computer interface Central nervous system disease List of neuroscience databases Neurological disorder Optogenetics ... Brain tissue in its natural state is too soft to work with, but it can be hardened by immersion in alcohol or other fixatives, ... The pituitary gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream, where they circulate throughout the body and induce changes in ... Except for a few primitive organisms such as sponges (which have no nervous system) and cnidarians (which have a nervous system ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain

Peripheral nervous system disorders, Myelin disorders). ... blood disorders, and toxins (including alcohol and certain ... Hyperglycemia-induced formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) is related to diabetic neuropathy. Other causes ... non-sensory nervous system (i.e., the autonomic nervous system), affecting mostly the internal organs such as the bladder ... After ruling out a lesion in the central nervous system as a cause, diagnosis may be made on the basis of symptoms, laboratory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy

The signs and symptoms of a pheochromocytoma are those related to sympathetic nervous system hyperactivity. The classic triad ... The National Organization for Rare Disorders is a United States-based advocacy parent organization with the goal of promoting ... McCullough PA, Choi JP, Feghali GA, Schussler JM, Stoler RM, Vallabahn RC, Mehta A (September 2016). "Contrast-Induced Acute ... alcohol, and exercise for at least 12 hours prior to their lab draw. Patients should also avoid catecholamine-containing foods ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheochromocytoma

Central nervous system effects such as hallucinations or confusion have been observed in rare cases, attributed mostly to ... is formed through oxidation of the alcohol moiety to a carboxylic acid by alcohol dehydrogenase, and overall effects are ... Haraguchi K, Ito K, Kotaki H, Sawada Y, Iga T (June 1997). "Prediction of drug-induced catalepsy based on dopamine D1, D2, and ... Hydroxyzine is used as a non-barbiturate tranquilizer[better source needed] and for the treatment of neurological disorders, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyzine

Neurodevelopmental disorders result from impairments of growth and development of the brain and nervous system and lead to many ... and fetal alcohol syndrome. Studies have shown that autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) may present due to basic disorders of ... The interaction of the CNS and immune system are fairly well known. Burn-induced organ dysfunction using vagus nerve ... The nervous and immune systems have many interactions that dictate overall body health. The nervous system is under constant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroimmunology

Early developments in the field of treating hypertension included quaternary ammonium ion sympathetic nervous system blocking ... In 1869, Oskar Minkowski and Joseph von Mering found that diabetes could be induced in dogs by surgical removal of the pancreas ... It has been argued that the design of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and the expansion of the ... A drug was considered misbranded if it contained alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, or any of several other potentially ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmaceutical_industry

Unlike flibanserin, bremelanotide induces fewer side effects and is not affected nor develops severe complications with alcohol ... Hypotension and central nervous system depression (somnolence) leading to sedation and sleepiness symptoms are also observed. ... into Differential Drug Treatments for Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder and Female Sexual Arousal Disorder". The Journal of ... As MC4R receptors are present on neurons in the central nervous system, a function in modulating brain pathways is suggested, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugs_and_sexual_desire

... of zinc homeostasis in the central nervous system that results in excessive synaptic zinc concentrations is believed to induce ... Prakash A, Bharti K, Majeed AB (April 2015). "Zinc: indications in brain disorders". Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 29 (2): 131-149. ... and alcoholic fermentation. Carboxypeptidase cleaves peptide linkages during digestion of proteins. A coordinate covalent bond ... Zinc homeostasis also plays a critical role in the functional regulation of the central nervous system. Dysregulation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_in_biology

... panic disorder, alcohol dependence, and personality disorders. It is worth noting that this was done with older DSM-IV criteria ... Furthermore, THC is shown to have a quicker development of tolerance to sleep-inducing effects. It is worth noting that ... This effect is attributed to the presence of endocannabinoid receptors in the limbic system, including the amygdala, and the ... The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease. 208 (8): 619-627. doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001172. PMID 32433200. S2CID 218766009. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_use_and_trauma

Lee JA, Lupski JR (2006). "Genomic rearrangements and gene copy-number alterations as a cause of nervous system disorders". ... alcohol (10%) and sedative (9%) induced psychoses. Transition rates were slightly lower in older cohorts but were not affected ... attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. One genome-wide association study ... Nov 2010). "Adolescent brain maturation, the endogenous cannabinoid system and the neurobiology of cannabis-induced ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risk_factors_of_schizophrenia

Sugar is believed to stimulate dopamine in the central nervous system. In summary, the research provided several clinical facts ... The report declares that the minimized intake may be due to alcohol and coffee being a part of socializing and therefore ... In the animal study, a fructose and glucose diet induced modifications in several brain regions involved in reward and eating ... development of food preferences and eating disorders, digestive anatomy and functions, as well as brain development. Research ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweetened_beverage

Congenital disorders of nervous system, Animal developmental biology). ... "Peptidergic Agonists of Activity-Dependent Neurotrophic Factor Protect Against Prenatal Alcohol-Induced Neural Tube Defects and ... Hydranencephaly is a result of an injury of the nervous system or an abnormal development of the nervous system. The neural ... Child's Nervous System. 30 (1): 83-89. doi:10.1007/s00381-013-2194-5. PMID 23760473. S2CID 40996359. Suarez, Lucina; Ramadhani ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_tube_defect

... the peripheral nervous system has a greater capacity for healing than the central nervous system. Signs (observed by a ... An estimated 24-45% of people with SCI have disorders of depression, and the suicide rate is as much as six times that of the ... Patients are taught to increase their intra-abdominal pressure by leaning forward to induce cough and clear mild secretions. ... ruling out spinal cord injury if the patient is fully conscious and not under the influence of drugs or alcohol, displays no ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinal_cord_injury

A progressive decline in central nervous system function leads to a loss of proprioception, balance and overall motor ... Relatives that are more likely to become abusive include those with mental illness, substance use disorders, dependence on the ... Smoking and alcohol consumption. Dementia, decreased dexterity, poor sensorimotor perception, sedative medication, and ... "Activity restriction induced by fear of falling and objective and subjective measures of physical function: a prospective ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geriatric_trauma

In healthy humans, 0.15 mg/kg of midazolam may cause respiratory depression, which is postulated to be a central nervous system ... It works by inducing sleepiness, decreasing anxiety, and causing a loss of ability to create new memories. The drug does not ... Children and elderly individuals or those with a history of excessive alcohol use and individuals with a history of aggressive ... or other drug-dependent individuals or those with comorbid psychiatric disorders. Additional caution is required in critically ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midazolam

The clinical phenotype involves the bone, the central nervous system, and the immune system. The pathogenesis probably includes ... The mice knockout studies as well as the human disorder associated with genetic deficiency of TRAP shed some light onto its ... Due to the unique anatomy of the porcine uterus, and the specific, progesterone-induced expression of TRAP; it is hypothesized ... resulting in cleavage of the phosphate ester bond and production of an alcohol. The exact identity and mechanism of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartrate-resistant_acid_phosphatase

Contributing to this effect is the activity that alcohol induces in the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system. The GABA system ... and central nervous system depression at higher doses. Cell membranes are highly permeable to alcohol, so once alcohol is in ... Mostile G, Jankovic J (October 2010). "Alcohol in essential tremor and other movement disorders". Movement Disorders. 25 (14): ... Edenberg HJ, McClintick JN (December 2018). "Alcohol Dehydrogenases, Aldehyde Dehydrogenases, and Alcohol Use Disorders: A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-term_effects_of_alcohol_consumption

... -associated encephalopathy can occur directly from central nervous system infection from the presence of the virus in ... It is recommended to avoid alcohol and tobacco use while sick with the flu. Aspirin is not recommended to treat influenza in ... Infection also induces production of systemic glucocorticoids that can reduce inflammation to preserve tissue integrity but ... disorders, as are people who are immunocompromised from chemotherapy, asplenia, prolonged steroid treatment, splenic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza

Cocaine is a powerful nervous system stimulant. Its effects can last from fifteen or thirty minutes to an hour. The duration of ... For example, alcoholic beverages (beer, wine, hard liquor) is generally not included under the category of club drugs, even ... Psychedelic drugs induce 'heightened state of consciousness', brain scans show Archived 2017-04-24 at the Wayback Machine, ... Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 15: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders". In Sydor A, Brown RY (ed.). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_drug

... nervous system development and cell signaling. Altered miRNA levels were found in the medial prefrontal cortex of alcohol- ... Lippai D, Bala S, Csak T, Kurt-Jones EA, Szabo G (2013). "Chronic alcohol-induced microRNA-155 contributes to neuroinflammation ... In this disorder, the miRNAs have a dual role working as both tumor suppressors and oncogenes. Under a standard nomenclature ... miRNAs appear to regulate the development and function of the nervous system. Neural miRNAs are involved at various stages of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroRNA

These are motility stimulants that work through activation of 5-HT4 receptors of the enteric nervous system in the ... Although some patients with eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa abuse laxatives in an attempt to lose ... Alterations in Colonic Anatomy Induced by Chronic Stimulant Laxatives: The Cathartic Colon Revisited Joo et al. Journal of ... "15 Foods That Cause Constipation (Caffeine, Chocolate, Alcohol)". MedicineNet. Retrieved 2017-12-12. Rush EC, Patel M, Plank LD ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laxative

... it was later determined to be a neurotoxin that causes axonal damage to the nerve cells in the nervous system of human beings, ... Tommy Johnson - Alcohol And Jake Blues / Ridin' Horse at Discogs Tommy Johnson: Alcohol and Jake Blues at AllMusic. Retrieved ... In small doses, mixed with water, it was used as a remedy for headaches, upper respiratory infections, menstrual disorders, and ... The resulting type of paralysis is now referred to as organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy, or OPIDN. In 1930, large ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaica_ginger

"Simultaneous folate intake may prevent adverse effect of valproic acid on neurulating nervous system". Child's Nervous System. ... "Valproate for the treatment of medication-induced impulse-control disorders in three patients with Parkinson's disease". ... It may also potentiate the CNS depressant effects of alcohol. It should not be given in conjunction with other antiepileptics ... Studies have shown this risk of PCOS is higher in women with epilepsy compared to those with bipolar disorder. Weight gain is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valproate

Categories: Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Alcohol-Induced+Disorders,+Nervous+System&parentid=36735&catid=36754

ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS, NERVOUS SYSTEM TRASTORNOS INDUCIDOS POR ALCOHOL DEL SISTEMA NERVIOSO ... ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS TRASTORNOS INDUCIDOS POR ALCOHOL TRANSTORNOS INTRÍNSECOS DO SONO SLEEP DISORDERS, INTRINSIC ... CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS, NERVOUS SYSTEM TRASTORNOS CROMOSOMICOS DEL SISTEMA NERVIOSO TRANSTORNOS DA CEFALÉIA HEADACHE DISORDERS ... HEREDODEGENERATIVE DISORDERS, NERVOUS SYSTEM TRASTORNOS HEREDODEGENERATIVOS DEL SISTEMA NERVIOSO TRANSTORNOS INDUZIDOS POR ...

https://decs.bvs.br/P/news2000pie.htm

Drug-induced myopathy (statins, steroids). *Muscular dystrophy. Diseases of the nervous system that cause muscle function loss ... Alcohol-associated myopathy. *Congenital myopathies (most often due to a genetic disorder) ... A disease of the nervous system: Nerve damage (neuropathy), spinal cord injury (myelopathy), or brain damage (stroke or other ... Neuromuscular disorders. In: Azar FM, Beaty JH, eds. Campbells Operative Orthopaedics. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003190.htm

Many patients with anxiety disorders experience physical symptoms related to anxiety and subsequently visit their primary care ... Drug Alcohol Depend. Sep. *. González-Berríos N. Sertraline-induced panic attack. Bol Asoc Med P R. 2009 Jan-Mar. 101(1):59-60 ... Greenville Health System Vina B Jain, MD is a member of the following medical societies: American Association of Physicians of ... Quality of life in anxiety disorders: a comparison of obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, and panic ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/286227-14567/which-studies-are-indicated-to-help-differentiate-central-nervous-system-cns-or-seizure-disorder-from-anxiety-disorder

... and two on induced dementias. Although causality could not be established, light to moderate alcohol use in middle to late ... Heavy alcohol use was associated with changes in brain structures, cognitive impairments, and an increased risk of all types of ... To clarify the relationship between alcohol use and dementia, we conducted a scoping review based on a systematic search of ... Overall, 28 systematic reviews were identified: 20 on the associations between the level of alcohol use and the incidence of ...

https://alzres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13195-018-0453-0

Schizotypal Personality Disorder 1 0 Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System 1 0 ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/huGEPedia.action?firstQuery=DRD1&geneID=1812&typeSubmit=GO&check=y&typeOption=gene&which=2&pubOrderType=pubD

TRASTORNOS INDUCIDOS POR ALCOHOL TRANSTORNOS INDUZIDOS POR ÁLCOOL ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS, NERVOUS SYSTEM TRASTORNOS ... CHOREATIC DISORDERS TRASTORNOS COREATICOS TRANSTORNOS CORÉICOS CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS, NERVOUS SYSTEM TRASTORNOS CROMOSOMICOS ... ATAQUES POR ABSTINENCIA DE ALCOHOL ATAQUES POR ABSTINÊNCIA DE ÁLCOOL ALCOHOL-INDUCED DISORDERS ... HEADACHE DISORDERS TRASTORNOS DE CEFALALGIA TRANSTORNOS DA CEFALÉIA HEAVY METAL POISONING, NERVOUS SYSTEM ENVENENAMIENTO POR ...

https://decs2014.bvsalud.org/I/news2000iep.htm

Alcohol Induced Disorders, Nervous System Ethanol Induced Disorders, Nervous System Ethanol Induced Nervous System Disorders ... Alcohol Induced Disorders, Nervous System. Ethanol Induced Disorders, Nervous System. Ethanol Induced Nervous System Disorders ... Nervous System Ethanol-Induced Nervous System Disorders Ethyl Alcohol Abuse Neurologic Syndromes Nervous System Disorders, ... Nervous System. Ethanol-Induced Nervous System Disorders. Ethyl Alcohol Abuse Neurologic Syndromes. Nervous System Disorders, ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=34350

https://decs2013.bvsalud.org/I/news2000iep.htm

https://decs2010.bvsalud.org/I/news2000iep.htm

https://decs2018.bvsalud.org/I/news2000iep.htm

https://decs2008.bvsalud.org/I/news2000iep.htm

https://decs2012.bvsalud.org/I/news2000iep.htm

https://decs2007.bvsalud.org/I/news2000iep.htm

https://decs2017.bvsalud.org/I/news2000iep.htm

https://decs2020.bvsalud.org/I/news2000iep.htm

https://decs2015.bvsalud.org/I/news2000iep.htm

https://decs2009.bvsalud.org/I/news2000iep.htm

https://decs2016.bvsalud.org/I/news2000iep.htm

https://decs2019.bvsalud.org/I/news2000iep.htm

https://decs2011.bvsalud.org/I/news2000iep.htm

Subject: Disorders, Processes, Reproduction Developmental Timeline of Alcohol-Induced Birth Defects. Maternal consumption of ... the human nervous system begins to form in the embryo. During this gestational period, the embryos nervous system is ... and deficiencies in the central nervous system (CNS). The basal ganglia, one of the central nervous system components, are ... Prenatal exposure to alcohol (ethanol) in human and animal models results in a range of alcohol-induced developmental defects. ...

https://embryo.asu.edu/search?text=McGill%20University&f%5B0%5D=dc_subject_embryo%3A310&f%5B1%5D=dc_subject_embryo%3A2988

Feng, J., and Fan, G. The role of DNA methylation in the central nervous system and neuropsychiatric disorders. International ... Alcohol-induced damage to nerve cells (i.e., neurodegeneration) in the hippocampus was associated with decreased CREB ... Role of DNA Methylation in Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are developmental ... Therapeutic application of histone deacetylase inhibitors for central nervous system disorders. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery ...

https://pubs.niaaa.nih.gov/publications/arcr343/293-305.htm

Rates of alcohol-induced deaths for persons aged 45-64 years increased from 17.3 per 100,000 population in 1999 to 26.0 in 2017 ... Rates of alcohol-induced deaths for persons aged 45-64 years increased from 17.3 per 100,000 population in 1999 to 26.0 in 2017 ... mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol use; G31.2, degeneration of nervous system due to alcohol; G62.1, alcoholic ... alcoholic gastritis; K70, alcoholic liver disease; K85.2, alcohol-induced acute pancreatitis; K86.0, alcohol-induced chronic ...

https://tools.cdc.gov/podcasts/download.asp?m=320959&c=401287

One or more keywords matched the following properties of Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System Property. Value. ...

https://researchers.childrensmercy.org/search/default.aspx?searchtype=whyeverything&nodeuri=https://researchers.childrensmercy.org/profile/21453&searchfor=Neurologic+Disorders&exactphrase=false&perpage=15&page=1&totalpages=3&searchrequest=A81BSfTwU3GNm4liSODkW6vB3EBYO6gz+a5TY1bFhuysXK4hqbI6eAebHoNTzab0+VLZJkUtJQjVoK7LTEiMkd+z7LAdlOOnMc8YplnoV5ps76F6MFTayb2hZ8qtJ94eaTD7d+ObAfEiPSt4sYkjfpHHCVWp3IgQjZuJYkjg5FtrbjF9BEDCXidTb5mQuzDHyB9Btw8xWu0u+sg0NH5oV3ZLK/QkvdTaWPPp2cGxYrrZiGAOzXr4waSMi7j4WrJToPTFRtD/QI8=

Pseudo-Cushing Syndrome induced by alcohol. F10 - Mental and behavioral disorders associated with the use and abuse of alcohol ... G312 - Degeneration of the nervous system due to alcohol. G405 - Special Epileptic Syndromes ... In Sergipe a predominance of deaths regarding mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol and related to the alcoholic liver ... These deaths (table 1) were distributed mainly in: mental and behavioral disorders related to alcohol (1,314) and alcoholic ...

http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1806-69762015000300004

No article was found for Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System and DRD1[original query]. ...

https://phgkb.cdc.gov/PHGKB/searchSummary.action?firstQuery=Alcohol-Induced+Disorders,+Nervous+System+and+DRD1&Mysubmit=search

Certain stimulants, such as cocaine, can cause drug-induced psychosis, which is characterized by delusions and hallucinations, symptoms associated with schizophrenia. (pacifichealthsystems.com)
A drug-induced psychotic break is usually limited in duration, but it can also act as a trigger for psychotic illness in those who are predisposed to such conditions. (pacifichealthsystems.com)
and drug-induced regulation of noncoding RNAs. (frontierspartnerships.org)
Serious adverse effects may include: unsteady gait, dizziness, falling (causing an increased risk of hip fractures), increased risk of an auto accident, drug-induced or drug-worsened impairment of thinking, memory loss, and addiction. (worstpills.org)
A consultation with a psychiatrist, if psychiatric symptoms are present, helps determine whether these symptoms are preexisting or whether they are drug induced. (medscape.com)
Bupropion hydrochloride was originally approved by the FDA in December 1985 but was removed from marketing for several years due to concern over drug-induced seizures. (newbeginningsmedical.com)
There is evidence that L-valine can also help repair damage to the gallbladder or provide support in alcohol- or drug-induced liver disease. (kingnature.ch)

The role of the sympathetic nervous system, epinephrine, norepinephrine, adrenocorticotrophic hormone, and the renin angiotensin aldosterone system in the control of blood pressure was discussed. (cdc.gov)
The sympathetic nervous system (SNS), as well as the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), contain afferent fibers that provide sensory input and efferent fibers that provide motor output to the central nervous system (CNS). (nih.gov)
10 The sympathetic nervous system mediates further vasoconstriction to minimize heat loss by reducing blood flow to the extremities, where the most cooling occurs. (health.mil)

The unremitting cycle of alcohol consumption often includes satiation and self-medication with alcohol, followed by excruciating withdrawal symptoms and the resultant relapse, which reflects both the positive and negative affective states of alcohol addiction. (nih.gov)
Increased understanding of brain chemistry, emotions, and symptoms of mood disorders has greatly increased their diagnosis. (foothillsatredoak.com)
Many teens have trouble asking for help or understanding the signs and symptoms of mood disorders. (foothillsatredoak.com)
A better understanding of cross-talk within this so-called 'brain-gut axis' could lead to new approaches for dealing with the psychiatric symptoms that sometimes accompany gastrointestinal disorders such as IBS, and may also show that gut bacteria affect function of the mature brain. (scienceblogs.com)
Alcohol Dependence is a condition characterized by the harmful consequences of repeated alcohol use, a pattern of compulsive alcohol use, and (sometimes) physiological dependence on alcohol (i.e., tolerance and/or symptoms of withdrawal). (americancenteruae.com)
Valium (diazepam), on the other hand, also treats alcohol withdrawal symptoms and seizures. (midwoodaddictiontreatment.com)
Alcohol consumption can affect the quality and duration of sleep, suppress REM sleep, and worsen the symptoms of sleep apnea and insomnia. (djpinky.cl)
But given the likelihood of REM sleep disruptions and frequent waking, it's not recommended that anyone use alcohol to treat their insomnia symptoms. (djpinky.cl)
People with alcohol use disorders commonly experience insomnia symptoms. (djpinky.cl)
Studies have shown that alcohol use can exacerbate the symptoms of sleep apnea. (djpinky.cl)
If you experience insomnia, mood imbalances and other brain symptoms, it may be best to cut back alcohol intake overall," Dr. Scheller adds. (djpinky.cl)
Impairment is commonly encountered in people with a BAC of .08, but it takes a much higher level to cause symptoms of alcohol poisoning. (dailynexus.com)
People who suffer from mental disorders such as anxiety, depression, attention deficit disorder, or bipolar disorder often turn to drugs or alcohol to relieve their symptoms. (pacifichealthsystems.com)
Not everyone who uses drugs or alcohol will develop mental health problems, but if a person is predisposed to a mental disorder, symptoms can be triggered by substance abuse. (pacifichealthsystems.com)
In some cases, eliminating drugs and alcohol from the system is enough to alleviate the symptoms of depression or anxiety , for example. (pacifichealthsystems.com)
Alcohol and other central nervous system depressants can trigger symptoms of depression. (pacifichealthsystems.com)
At Pacific Health Systems, our high-quality continuum of care begins with a thorough evaluation, including assessments of your physical and emotional symptoms, your medical history, and your relationship to drugs and alcohol. (pacifichealthsystems.com)
Explain the importance of improving care coordination amongst the interprofessional team to enhance care delivery for patients with autonomic sphere symptoms and disorders. (nih.gov)
The leaves of for asthma, it eases symptoms of intestinal the khat plant contain alkaloids structurally tract disorders [9] and maintains social con- related to amphetamine. (who.int)
Even at these levels you may experience alcohol withdrawal symptoms, so it is important to be prepared. (optiquezandas.com)
This article will discuss the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal as well as the timeline and process of detox. (optiquezandas.com)
Complaints of sleep disturbance are ubiquitous among patients with chronic pain disorders, and conversely, patients with persistent insomnia symptoms commonly report suffering from chronic pain" (5). (irwinphysiotherapy.com)
Some people with anxiety may use drugs or alcohol to self-medicate or better manage their symptoms. (psychguides.com)
There are numerous forms of anxiety disorders, with slightly varying symptoms . (psychguides.com)
A number of symptoms are associated with addiction to drugs and alcohol. (psychguides.com)
Many psychiatric symptoms and mental status changes may occur in alcohol and drug intoxication and withdrawal states. (medscape.com)
Zyban received an additional indication for use in combination with nicotine transdermal systems (NTS) for treating the symptoms of smoking cessation in 1999. (newbeginningsmedical.com)
The symptoms that result may involve any part of the nervous system (central, peripheral and autonomic) or just the skin or both. (ei-resource.org)
What kinds of symptoms are seen in Disorders of Porphyrin Metabolism? (ei-resource.org)
An anti-inflammatory diet, along with exercise and good sleep, may provide many benefits: Improvement of symptoms of arthritis, inflammatory bowel syndrome, lupus, and other autoimmune disorders. (stradanove.net)
in terms of the neurotransmitter systems involved, inflammation reduces the availability of monoamines by increasing the expression and function of the presynaptic reuptake pumps (transporters) for serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine and by reducing monoamine synthesis and release by decreasing enzymatic co-factors such as The effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines can cause a diverse array of physical and psychological symptoms. (stradanove.net)
We've dedicated ourselves to changing lives through whole food-based nutritional supplements that support the body's interrelated systems, rather than simply treating the symptoms. (postfalls-naturopathic.com)

This suggests that they may be the result of an acquired abnormality, due either to the direct effects of a chemically-induced porphyrinopathy or the secondary effects of some other disease. (ei-resource.org)

Acute and chronic neurologic disorders associated with the various neurologic effects of ETHANOL . (bvsalud.org)
Recent studies have indicated that behavioral changes induced by acute and chronic ethanol exposure may involve chromatin remodeling resulting from covalent histone modifications and DNA methylation in the neuronal circuits involving a brain region called the amygdala. (nih.gov)
Some mood disorders are temporary, while others are chronic conditions. (foothillsatredoak.com)
Background: Endometriosis is a multifaceted gynecological disorder defined as a benign estrogen-dependent chronic inflammatory process in which endometrial glands and stroma-like tissues are located outside the uterine cavity. (bvsalud.org)
Chronic ingestion of high levels of alcohol may bring about oxidative stress, associated with hepatic alterations, and of CNS, mainly due to the formation, through alcohol metabolism, of free radicals, acetaldehyde, lipid and protein oxidation and their reaction products. (uv.es)
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic pain syndrome that impacts the immune system, endocrine regulation, sensory nervous system and emotional well-being. (homeopathy.org)
A condition where damage to the peripheral nervous system (including the peripheral elements of the autonomic nervous system) is associated with chronic ingestion of alcoholic beverages. (umassmed.edu)
Disease of CARDIAC MUSCLE resulting from chronic excessive alcohol consumption. (rush.edu)
Chronic insomnia is comorbid with psychiatric and somatic pathology, with approximately 50% of patients with this disorder having a psychiatric disorder. (no-sleep-disorders.com)

Exactly how gut bacteria might exert such influences is unclear, but they may do so via the autonomic branch of the peripheral nervous system, which controls functions such as digestion, breathing and heart rate. (scienceblogs.com)
However, repeated intake of high doses of alcohol can affect nearly every organ system, especially the gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, and the central and peripheral nervous system. (americancenteruae.com)
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a subcomponent of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) that regulates involuntary physiologic processes, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, digestion, and sexual arousal. (nih.gov)
Lara honos-webb joins russell jm, behlke i diabetic peripheral nervous system controls. (rkconcepts.com)
9 Moreover, the response includes constriction of the peripheral (superficial) vascular system, which may result in non-freezing injuries or hasten the onset of actual freezing of tissues (frostbite). (health.mil)

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) includes all regions implicated in controlling autonomic, unconscious, and involuntary functions in total body homeostasis. (nih.gov)
Vitamin B1 controls the autonomic nervous system - unconscious control of breathing, heart beat and digestion. (smallbusinessmall.net)

The abusive consumption of alcohol expresses itself into a serious public health problem throughout the world. (bvsalud.org)
The drugs, the alcohol and the lawful use, with great reach and social acceptance, however, their excessive consumption causes medical, psychological, professional and family problems, leading to high economic and social costs (3-4) . (bvsalud.org)
The alcohol intake was evaluated in 193 countries, and it was found that worldwide about 2.5 million people die every year because of abusive consumption, resulting in approximately 4.0% of total deaths (4) , which is a serious problem for public health (6) . (bvsalud.org)
To prevent deaths related to alcohol consumption (14), ways of prevention and health promotion are necessary, including those regarding the school population (15) , aiming at the reduction of consumption and consequent reduction of the risk of disease and early death. (bvsalud.org)
Later studies while adjusting for these factors did not control for variables which had the greatest impact as risk factors such as alcohol consumption and family history. (cdc.gov)
It detoxifies the body from the harmful effects of alcohol consumption. (tching.com)
Alcohol consumption can disrupt functions of the liver. (tching.com)
Alcohol consumption is linked with the advanced alcohol-induced neuropathy. (tching.com)
One diagnostic criterion of alcohol dependence is the appearance of a withdrawal syndrome when alcohol consumption ceases. (uv.es)
This one-page fact sheet provides a concise explanation of the impacts of alcohol consumption on people's sleep. (djpinky.cl)
Alcohol has sedative effects that can induce feelings of relaxation and sleepiness, but the consumption of alcohol - especially alcohol and sleep in excess - has been linked to poor sleep quality and duration. (djpinky.cl)
This deficiency disease has been hiding behind the curtains of modern medicine and it wasn't a deficiency disease this time - it was induced by over-consumption of sugars, alcohol, coffee and tea and medicines like the anti-diabetic drug metformin. (smallbusinessmall.net)
The aim of this study was to pool data from multiple Canadian cohort studies to identify sociodemographic characteristics before and during pregnancy that were associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy and to assess the impact of different patterns of alcohol use on birth outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
CONCLUSIONS: Pooling data across pregnancy cohort studies allowed us to create a large sample of Canadian women and investigate the risk factors for alcohol consumption during pregnancy. (bvsalud.org)
Ethanol metabolism increases the production of oxidant molecules and its consumption may cause changes in enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems that maintain cellular homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)
While people with CMT generally suffer no ill effects from the moderate consumption of alcohol, they should be particularly mindful of the fact that alcohol affects balance and coordination, and that overconsumption of alcohol is generally not recommend under any circumstances. (cmtausa.org)

Individuals with Alcohol Dependence are at increased risk for Major Depressive Disorder, other Substance-Related Disorders (e.g., drug addiction), Conduct Disorder in adolescents, Antisocial and Emotionally Unstable (Borderline) Personality Disorders, Schizophrenia, and Bipolar Disorder. (americancenteruae.com)
The possibility of a suicide attempt is inherent in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. (nih.gov)
People with schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders are especially vulnerable to the development of TDs after exposure to conventional neuroleptics, anticholinergics, toxins, substances of abuse, and other agents. (medscape.com)
TDs are most common in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder who have been treated with antipsychotic medication for long periods, but they occasionally occur in other patients as well. (medscape.com)

Stimulant refers to a psychoactive substance that has an activating effect on the central nervous system. (psychology-lexicon.com)
It also protects the central nervous system from the damage caused by substances and alcohol. (tching.com)
Most persistent central nervous system effects include cognitive deficits, severe memory impairment, and degenerative changes in the cerebellum (leading to poor balance and coordination). (americancenteruae.com)
One devastating central nervous system effect is the relatively rare Alcohol-Induced Persisting Amnestic Disorder (Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome) in which there is a dramatic impairment in short-term memory. (americancenteruae.com)
Benzos work by enhancing the activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which depresses the central nervous system (CNS) and induces relaxation and sedation. (midwoodaddictiontreatment.com)
Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that causes brain activity to slow down. (djpinky.cl)
It's classified as a central nervous system depressant because it slows brain function, mostly via gamma-aminobutyric acid , a neurotransmitter that produces a calming effect. (djpinky.cl)
Furthermore, methanol poisoning may cause central nervous system depression, and can lead to metabolic acidosis and coma. (naturalnews.com)
Depressants are drugs that function by slowing down the central nervous system. (optimalnutrient.com)
These medicines act as a blanket on the brain, generating a calming effect as a depressant on the central nervous system. (literaturkneipe.com)
This drug falls under the tranquilizer category which depresses How to Buy Xanax 1 Mg Online without Prescription the central nervous system of a person. (literaturkneipe.com)
The effect that accounts for the popularity on journeys and by students preparing for of khat is its central nervous system stimu- examinations and to counteract fatigue. (who.int)
Early clinical observation suggested that the central nervous system. (who.int)
In particular, the stimulant central nervous has become more common in Europe [22]. (who.int)
For older drinkers, alcohol often creeps up and gradually plays a more central role in day-to-day life. (pocketpcmedicine.com)
The central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) plays in integral part in experiencing pain. (irwinphysiotherapy.com)
Combining opioids with other central nervous system depressants - mainly alcoholic beverages or benzodiazepines - greatly increases the risk of opioid overdose and death. (worstpills.org)
Valerian slows down the central nervous system. (webmd.com)
Anesthesia and other medications used during surgery also affect the central nervous system. (webmd.com)
Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (a prescription-only medication known as Flexeril) is a central nervous system muscle relaxant designed to relieve pain and discomfort related to muscle spasms, sprains and other muscle injuries. (fioricetstore.com)
Flexeril is chemically related to a class of antidepressants called tricyclic antidepressants, and works by acting on the central nervous system, blocking nerve impulses (or pain sensations) that are sent from sore muscles to the brain. (fioricetstore.com)
I had already written groundbreaking reports at KnowledgeOfHealth.com about vitamin B1 being a cure for Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease , two other central nervous system disorders. (smallbusinessmall.net)
In addition, the amino acid supports the central nervous system and stimulates cognitive functions. (kingnature.ch)
Benzene may cause central nervous system depression and arrhythmias to persons acutely exposed. (cdc.gov)
For most of the past century, movement disorders (ie, abnormal adventitious movements) have been categorized as EPSs caused by lesions of the extrapyramidal system of the central nervous system (CNS). (medscape.com)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is part of this group and was first defined in 1973 as a condition characterized by pre- and postnatal growth deficiencies, facial abnormalities and defects of the central nervous system (CNS). (asu.edu)
The ECS has two primary receptors: CB1 and CB2, located in the central nervous system and immune system respectively. (blosumcbd.com)
Central Nervous System is the processing centre of the body and consists of the brain and the spinal cord. (medera.bio)
Oxycodone interacts with your brain's opioid receptors and blocks the pain signals produced in the brain before they can hit your central nervous system. (californiadetox.com)
Ethanol is a central nervous system depressant that is widely consumed worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
a central nervous system stimulant, and head-twitching in response to the administration of mescaline. (blogspot.com)
People who use other central nervous system depressants with opioids place too much strain on their bodies and can overdose. (bicyclehealth.com)
2002). Caffeine in tea serves majorly to stimulate the brain and central nervous system, it is the reason for activeness and alertness after taking a cup of tea. (informationparlour.com)

There are several types of bipolar disorder. (foothillsatredoak.com)
Like depression, those with bipolar disorder experience depressive states. (foothillsatredoak.com)
People with bipolar disorder tend to move quickly from depression to mania. (foothillsatredoak.com)
Today, nearly half of people living with addiction have co-occurring disorders like depression and bipolar disorder. (foothillsatredoak.com)
Acute treatment, as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy, of manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. (nih.gov)
Efficacy was established in two 3-week monotherapy trials and in one 3-week adjunctive trial in patients with manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder in adults. (nih.gov)
Selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors in treating bipolar disorder. (rkconcepts.com)
Caroline miller i use disorders mixed bipolar depression. (rkconcepts.com)
Activation of Mania/Hypomania: Screen for bipolar disorder and monitor for mania/hypomania ( 5.3 ). (nih.gov)
Even those with bipolar disorder or major depression who have no real symptomatic improvement seem to have less suicidal thoughts and suicides while on lithium. (blogspot.com)

There are many types of depression, ranging from general depressive disorder to seasonal affective disorder. (foothillsatredoak.com)
Increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents and young adults taking antidepressants for major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders. (nih.gov)
Trazodone hydrochloride tablets USP are indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder ( 1 ). (nih.gov)
Efficacy was established in trials of trazodone immediate release formulation in patients with major depressive disorder ( 14 ). (nih.gov)

Recently, researchers have identified mechanisms that result in heritable changes in gene expression but are caused by other processes than changes in the underlying DNA sequence (i.e., epigenetic mechanisms) as a promising area of research to better understand the molecular mechanisms of human diseases, including psychiatric and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) (Moonat et al. (nih.gov)
The book then addresses the various diseases causing these complaints, including Meniere's disease, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, labyrinthitis, migraine-induced vestibulopathy, and more, with concise explanations of medical, surgical, and therapeutic treatment options available. (aiish.ac.in)
Definition of neurology: a science involved in the study of the nervous systems, especially of the diseases and disorders affecting them. (neurosciencenews.com)
For many hundreds of reference to its effects on the body systems years the custom of chewing khat leaves and its relationship with common diseases. (who.int)
More British women than ever are dying from alcohol-related diseases, figures revealed today. (pocketpcmedicine.com)
The term porphyrinuria (pour-'frin-ur-E-a) is used to categorize disorders of porphyrin metabolism and excretion that are acquired from diseases, drugs or chemicals with or without inherited enzyme abnormalities. (ei-resource.org)
11. Known medical history or diagnosis confirming that subjects have diseases affecting immune system function, including cancer (except skin basal cell carcinoma), congenital or acquired immunodeficiency (e.g., infection with human immunodeficiency virus [HIV]), and uncontrolled autoimmune disease. (who.int)
Conversely, people with Auteur correspondant cardiovascular diseases more frequently suffer from serious mental disorders. (who.int)

Once a pattern of compulsive use develops, individuals with this disorder may devote substantial periods of time to obtaining and consuming alcoholic beverages. (americancenteruae.com)

Xanax (alprazolam) is a drug that is primarily prescribed to treat anxiety, panic disorders, and sometimes insomnia. (midwoodaddictiontreatment.com)
Insomnia is one of the largest setback triggers for people in recovery from an alcohol use disorder. (djpinky.cl)
Persistent insomnia, abstinence, and moderate drinking in alcohol-dependent individuals. (djpinky.cl)
Kava kava is an herbal remedy for treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and related nervous disorders. (healthyplace.com)
Several studies have found that kava may be useful in the treatment of anxiety, insomnia, and related nervous disorders. (healthyplace.com)
People commonly use valerian for sleep disorders , especially insomnia . (webmd.com)
Health disorders: findings suggest that i would both insomnia. (rkconcepts.com)
The International Classification of Sleep Disorders, Revision 3, 2014 (ICSD-3) defines insomnia as a clinical syndrome characterised by complaints of nighttime sleep disorders (difficulty initiating, maintaining sleep and/or waking early) and associated disturbances during the daytime wakefulness, even though there is sufficient time for sleep and conditions are satisfactory. (no-sleep-disorders.com)
Presomniac disorders are manifested by prolongation of bedtime, normally the period from going to bed until a full night's sleep does not exceed 30 minutes, with insomnia it may last up to 1.5-2 hours or more. (no-sleep-disorders.com)

Most hospital costs resulting from the use of psychoactive substances in Brazil is due to the misuse of alcohol (83.1%) against 16.9% regarding the expenses coming from the use of other psychoactive substances (2) . (bvsalud.org)
A benzo overdose is most likely to occur when the medication is combined with other intoxicating and psychoactive substances, particularly alcohol. (midwoodaddictiontreatment.com)

It functions as a detoxifying agent that can greatly help people with alcoholism or those who are in the stage of withdrawing from alcohol use. (tching.com)

Individuals treated in hospital emergency departments for acute illness may be difficult to evaluate because of medical problems, poor nutrition, debilitation, and drug and alcohol intoxication or withdrawal. (medscape.com)
Boardman NT, Pedersen TM, Rossvoll L, Hafstad AD, Aasum E (2020) Diet-induced obese mouse hearts tolerate an acute high fatty acid exposure that also increases ischemic tolerance. (mitophysiology.org)
TDs may be differentiated from acute movement disorders that commonly occur in the same patient groups. (medscape.com)
The acute movement disorders that occur as manifestations of effects of neuroleptics and other dopamine antagonists include akathisia, acute dystonia, and other hyperkinetic dyskinesias. (medscape.com)
The acute movement disorders resulting from exposure to dopamine antagonists are commonly termed extrapyramidal syndromes (EPSs). (medscape.com)
The occurrence of acute movement disorders on exposure to dopamine antagonists is increased in female patients and older patients. (medscape.com)
Use of potent dopamine antagonists, prolonged exposure to dopamine antagonists, and prior occurrence of acute movement disorders on exposure to dopamine antagonists are also associated with an increased risk for the occurrence of acute movement adverse effects. (medscape.com)

For presentations with a higher index of suspicion for other medical causes of anxiety (ie, atypical anxiety disorder presentation, older age, specific physical examination abnormalities), more detailed evaluations may be indicated to identify or exclude underlying medical disorders. (medscape.com)
Pediatric generalized anxiety disorder: epidemiology, diagnosis, and management. (medscape.com)
Neuroimaging in social anxiety disorder: a systematic review of the literature. (medscape.com)
About 18% of the U.S. population suffers from some form of anxiety disorder. (psychguides.com)
Yet while most people might experience anxiety every now and then in a fleeting way, for a person with an anxiety disorder, the anxiety can be unrelated to any specific situation. (psychguides.com)
In these cases, it can be hard to tell which came first: the anxiety disorder or the substance abuse disorder. (psychguides.com)
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders explains that a person can be given a diagnosis of substance-induced anxiety disorder if the anxiety develops during or soon after intoxication and leads to impairment in social or occupational functioning. (psychguides.com)
However, considering a big socioeconomic impact due to an alarming increase in anxiety disorder patients, there is an urgent research need for a better understanding of the role of cytokines in anxiety. (stradanove.net)
Early diagnosis and treatment will prevent escalating to an anxiety disorder. (blosumcbd.com)
First, PTSD is no longer considered an anxiety disorder. (1library.net)

I was diagnosed with social anxiety and generalised anxiety with a partial psychotic disorder (I was never officially diagnosed with OCD as the psychosis/hallucinations were worse and impacted my life more, also my compulsions are more subtle as many of them are mental or I can blame them on my tics or mask them making them look like another movement or behaviour). (latitudes.org)

Only 5% of individuals with Alcohol Dependence ever experience severe complications of withdrawal (e.g., delirium, grand mal seizures). (americancenteruae.com)

Background: The constituents of Lavandula stoechas L. possess antioxidant properties that help in protecting the mucosal cells from oxidative damage and speed up the healing process however, its role in the treatment of ethanol-induced peptic ulcers is not clear. (researchgate.net)
Methods: We evaluated anti-ulcer potential of plant extract in ethanol-induced ulcer model in rats. (researchgate.net)
The unique dopamine/ecdysteroid receptor modulates ethanol-induced sedation in Drosophila . (sdbonline.org)
This study reports that Drosophila DopEcR plays a critical role in ethanol-induced sedation. (sdbonline.org)

Drugs that block these receptors have been shown to block the formation of fearful memories and to reduce the anxiety associated with alcohol withdrawal in rodents. (scienceblogs.com)
Ozone oxidative postconditioning protects against the injury associated with alcohol withdrawal syndrome in rats. (uv.es)
Ozone therapy ameliorates nervous system disorders and oxidative stress in patients during ethanol withdrawal. (uv.es)

However, there are reports which state that moderate intake of alcohol has a protective effect regarding cardiovascular disease, which presents lower mortality rates compared to teetotalers and people who take part in exaggerated use (13) . (bvsalud.org)
therefore, we evaluated glutamate and its non-NMDA receptor on cardiovascular parameters in normotensive and hypotensive induced by hydralazine (HLZ) in rat. (bvsalud.org)
12. Serious or uncontrolled respiratory system disorders, cardiovascular disorders, nervous system disorders, blood and lymphatic system disorders, liver and kidney disorders, metabolism and skeletal disorders,etc. influencing study results evaluation at the investigator's discretion. (who.int)
People with serious mental disorders have a greater prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors compared to the general population. (who.int)

or hives), or DO cheap nasonex NOT use alcohol while taking zolpidem tartrate nasonex or any other sleep medicine.Who should not Nasonex take cetirizine?diarrhea or constipation, or dry mouth nasonex or an unpleasant taste in your mouth, nasonex epilepsy or another seizure disorder, or hallucinations, nasonex side effects abnormal behavior, or confusion. (tiscali.cz)
As the name suggests, hallucinogens are drugs that induce hallucinations. (optimalnutrient.com)

The term Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) was first published in 1973 in an article published in the British medical journal The Lancet. (asu.edu)
Repeated heavy drinking in women is associated with menstrual irregularities and, during pregnancy, with spontaneous abortion and fetal alcohol syndrome (leading to mentally retarded, hyperactive children). (americancenteruae.com)
For example, people with fetal alcohol syndrome, other developmental disabilities, and other brain disorders are vulnerable to the development of TDs, even after receiving only 1 dose of the causative agent. (medscape.com)
Omega-3 can also be used to combat dry eye syndrome, a disorder where your eyes do not produce enough moisture resulting in itchy eyes accompanied by a burning sensation (7). (hypogalblog.com)
Does CBD Oil Treat Digestive Disorders or Irritable Bowel Syndrome [IBS? (aarti-aunty.com)

Prenatal exposure to alcohol (ethanol) results in a continuum of physical, neurological, behavioral, and learning defects collectively grouped under the heading Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). (asu.edu)
Teratology is the study of birth defects, and a teratogen is something that either induces or amplifies abnormal embryonic or fetal development and causes birth defects. (asu.edu)
BACKGROUND: As a teratogen, alcohol exposure during pregnancy can impact fetal development and result in adverse birth outcomes. (bvsalud.org)
Fetal alcohol exposure at any stage of pregnancy can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), a group of life-long conditions characterized by congenital malformations, as well as cognitive, behavioral, and emotional impairments. (bvsalud.org)
yet fetal alcohol exposure is one of the most common preventable causes of birth defects. (bvsalud.org)

Substance use and abuse alter a person's brain chemistry, which can cause drug or alcohol-induced mood disorders. (foothillsatredoak.com)
Similar to other mental illnesses, addiction (also known as substance use disorder) impairs a person's ability to function at work or school, maintain stable relationships, and cope with stressful situations. (pacifichealthsystems.com)
There may be some overlap in the genetic components that increase a person's susceptibility to developing both addiction and anxiety disorders. (psychguides.com)

Alcohol Dependence can suppress immune mechanisms and predispose individuals to infections (e.g., pneumonia) and increase the risk for cancer. (americancenteruae.com)
These medications act by suppressing the immune system, leaving the patient exposed to severe infection and at risk of cancer. (hrb.ie)
I take Omega 3 to help combat my Relapsing Polychondritis ( rare inflammatory disease) and my suppressed immune system. (hypogalblog.com)
I will describe the condition leaky gut (or increased intestinal permeability), how it is linked to your immune system, why it matters, causes and solutions. (robbwolf.com)
Once the particles enter the body, the immune system recognizes those particles as foreign (an antigen) and stimulates an antibody reaction. (robbwolf.com)
This patency of the small intestines provides a direct access to our cellular immune system. (robbwolf.com)
Though no one can deny the reality of pathogens, our zeal and focus on them should never overshadow the need to maintain a healthy, vibrant immune system. (postfalls-naturopathic.com)
The strength of our immune system and the quality of our internal terrain truly is the basis by which disease is prevented or overcome. (postfalls-naturopathic.com)
The immune system is composed of lymphatic vessels and organs, white blood cells, specialized cells residing in various tissues, and specialized chemical factors all of which must be supported. (postfalls-naturopathic.com)
Zinc found in tea helps in boosting the immune system and also helps in the growth and development of children, no wonder it is recommended also for children. (informationparlour.com)
Selenium is a trace mineral and serves as an antioxidant, it also improves the immune system. (informationparlour.com)

Prevalence ratios for hypertension with noise induced hearing loss as exposure indicator, and tabulated from 12 studies showed little or no association. (cdc.gov)
Une recherche documentaire a été effectuée dans PubMed de 1980 à 2021 en utilisant diverses combinaisons de termes MeSH comme tabac, diabète, hypertension, dyslipidémie, trouble dépressif majeur, trouble bipolaire, schizophrénie. (who.int)

A mood disorder or mood affective disorder is a condition that affects mood and behavior. (foothillsatredoak.com)
Legal difficulties may arise because of alcohol use (e.g., arrests for intoxicated behavior or for drunk driving). (americancenteruae.com)
Alcohol intoxication causes significant intellectual impairment (and stupid behavior). (americancenteruae.com)
Many noncoding RNAs are responsive to drug and alcohol exposure and manipulation of noncoding RNAs may impact drug seeking behavior. (frontierspartnerships.org)
These components of the endocannabinoid system play a direct role in anxiety-like behavior and stress susceptibility and are considered important pathophysiological contributors to depression (2). (hamppumaa.fi)

However, in most Asian cultures, the overall prevalence of Alcohol-Related Disorders is relatively low. (americancenteruae.com)
Summary: It is estimated that the lifetime prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among adult Americans is 6.8 percent. (1library.net)

An increase has been observed in the number and the coefficients in the whole regional health, among men, at the age between 45 and 54 years, in a hospital environment and whose root cause was related to mental and behavioral disorders. (bvsalud.org)

The protective effects of ozone on brain injury induced by oxidative stress and behavioral changes in rats, after 2 weeks of EW, were studied [2]. (uv.es)
Ozone oxidative postconditioning ameliorates joint damage and decreases pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative stress in PG/PS-induced arthritis in rats. (uv.es)
Abu Bakar MH, Shariff KA, Tan JS, Lee LK (2020) Celastrol attenuates inflammatory responses in adipose tissues and improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial functions in high fat diet-induced obese rats via upregulation of AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathways. (mitophysiology.org)
Objective: The study was conducted to develop the glucocorticoid‑induced osteoporosis (GC) model in Sprague Dawley weanling rats using different doses of methylprednisolone (MP) and evaluate the anti‑osteoporotic effect of an Ayurvedic formulation, Panchatikta ghrita [PG], in this model. (who.int)

The road to recovery for substance and alcohol dependence is never easy. (tching.com)
The lifetime risk of Alcohol Dependence is approximately 15% in the general population. (americancenteruae.com)
In any year, 5% of the general population will actively be suffering from Alcohol Dependence. (americancenteruae.com)
Treatment of alcohol and drug dependence is generally voluntary, unless psychiatric reasons are present that justify involuntary admission. (medscape.com)

Women who consume methylmercury during pregnancy can bear children who have neurological issues because methylmercury has toxic effects on the nervous system during embryonic development. (asu.edu)
Many early studies suggesting adverse effects of high noise on the CV system lacked standardization of outcome measurements, did not consider confounders, and were poorly designed. (cdc.gov)
Gastrointestinal effects include gastritis, stomach or duodenal ulcers, and, in about 15% of those who use alcohol heavily, liver cirrhosis and pancreatitis. (americancenteruae.com)
Benzo medications compound with the effects of alcohol, and vice versa, meaning that a Valium, Klonopin, or Xanax overdose is much more likely to occur when these substances are mixed. (midwoodaddictiontreatment.com)
Alcohol may also exert some of its effects on sleep by influencing the circadian rhythm. (djpinky.cl)
In most cases these injuries are quite serious, and far longer lasting than the effects of the alcohol itself. (dailynexus.com)
In some cases, people who abuse stimulants can develop a tolerance, meaning they need to increase the amount of dosage they intake with time to induce the same effects. (optimalnutrient.com)
Prescribed to treat panic disorder and serious anxiety, people often abuse Buy Xanax Online Xanax owing to its sedative and relaxing effects. (literaturkneipe.com)
These drugs also have similar effects like Xanax and are mostly abused for inducing 'highs' akin to alcohol. (literaturkneipe.com)
Together with the slow-acting, long-lasting effects of the endocrine system, the ANS exerts its fast-acting, short-lived effects on the most diverse functions of the body, controlling visceral smooth muscle activation in vascular beds and other tubular organs and secretion of glands. (nih.gov)
Several studies have shown that the Subsequent chemical analysis confirmed psychostimulant effects induced by chew- that the fresh leaves contain a number of ing khat leaves include a moderate degree compounds, including phenylalkylamine of euphoria and mild excitement resulting compounds (alkaloids) such as nor- in promotion of social interaction and lo- pseudoephedrine (cathine) and alpha ami- quacity [8,11,12]. (who.int)
The inflammations caused as side effects of drugs, excessive use of alcohol or narcotics, hard and spicy food, any disease, or any toxic element getting into the body can also be alleviated using this oil. (organicfacts.net)
Steroids profoundly influence behavioral responses to alcohol by activating canonical nuclear hormone receptors and exerting allosteric effects on ion channels. (sdbonline.org)
Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that steroids can also trigger biological effects by directly binding G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), yet physiological roles of such unconventional steroid signaling in controlling alcohol-induced behaviors remain unclear. (sdbonline.org)
Application of DopEcR's ligands, ecdysone and dopamine, had different effects on nicotine-induced Ca2+-responses in the MB: ecdysone enhanced activity in the calyx and cell body region in a DopEcR-dependent manner, whereas dopamine reduced activity in the medial lobes independently of DopEcR. (sdbonline.org)
There are detox alcohol side effects various means to detox safely often times a medical or clinical detoxification is recommended. (optiquezandas.com)
It's possible that drug use by teens may change certain brain functions in a way that makes them more vulnerable to the effects of drugs and leads to anxiety disorders. (psychguides.com)
Though these studies are able to produce mild dopamine system degeneration in the striatum and substantia nigra and some behavioural effects, there are studies pointing to the toxicity of AAV-carrying green fluorescent protein (GFP), which is often used as a control. (helsinki.fi)
CNS Depressants: Trazodone may enhance effects of alcohol, barbiturates, or other CNS depressants ( 7 ). (nih.gov)
While the drug has pain-relieving properties, it also induces euphoria and rewarding effects. (californiadetox.com)
Risk factors for any alcohol use during pregnancy, including any alcohol use prior to pregnancy recognition, and binge drinking, were estimated using binomial regressions including fixed effects of pregnancy cohort membership and multiple maternal risk factors. (bvsalud.org)
for this high percentage is likely due to the depressant effects of alcohol. (1library.net)
To investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of estrogen modified human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSC) on high glucose (HG)-induced injury of vascular endothelial cells. (magtech.com.cn)

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders among national military personnel. (1library.net)
In the United States, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) serves as a general guide for the diagnosis of psychiatric disorders. (1library.net)

nasonex buying Ambien induces sleep and causes relaxation. (tiscali.cz)
The intake of depressants usually induces a feeling of mellowness and relaxation after. (optimalnutrient.com)

Alcohol use has been identified as a risk factor for dementia and cognitive decline. (biomedcentral.com)
Overall, 28 systematic reviews were identified: 20 on the associations between the level of alcohol use and the incidence of cognitive impairment/dementia, six on the associations between dimensions of alcohol use and specific brain functions, and two on induced dementias. (biomedcentral.com)
Although causality could not be established, light to moderate alcohol use in middle to late adulthood was associated with a decreased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. (biomedcentral.com)
Heavy alcohol use was associated with changes in brain structures, cognitive impairments, and an increased risk of all types of dementia. (biomedcentral.com)
This amino acid is discovered to help in the restoring of cognitive functions and helping in cases of mental disorder. (tching.com)

This includes disruption of the pain processing path, oxidative stress to nerves, thiamine deficiency, and the activation of the flight or fight system in our body. (tching.com)

That's because as alcohol starts to metabolize, the sedative effect wears off. (djpinky.cl)
Also known as OxyContin, it induces a euphoric and sedative effect on the user and is often compared with heroin. (literaturkneipe.com)

Rule out CNS disorder using electroencephalography (EEG), lumbar puncture , or brain computed tomography (CT) scan, as indicated by history and associated clinical findings. (medscape.com)
Most importantly, tea releases a neuroprotective action that shields the brain and the nervous system. (tching.com)
Bacteria colonize the gut in the days following birth, during a sensitive period of brain development, and apparently influence behaviour by inducing changes in the expression of certain genes. (scienceblogs.com)
As alcohol increases GABA activity in the brain, you may start to feel sleepy. (djpinky.cl)
While our brains need this amino acid, too much of it has been linked to emotional and behavioral disorders and brain damage. (naturalnews.com)
Chris Flynn, director of emergency services at Santa Barbara Cottage Hospital, said that because alcohol affects the nervous system and brain, most people get hurt by not thinking clearly. (dailynexus.com)
A new study reveals long term alcohol use is much more damaging to the brain than marijuana. (neurosciencenews.com)
Across both sexes, people aged between 50 and 69 have the highest proportion of deaths from alcohol-related causes, which include liver disease, brain damage, pancreatitis and poisoning. (pocketpcmedicine.com)
This study utilized the bioluminescent Ca2+-indicator GFP-aequorin to monitor the nicotine-induced Ca2+-response within the mushroom bodies (MB) , a higher-order brain center in flies, and examined how DopEcR modulates these Ca2+-dynamics. (sdbonline.org)
receptors in your toe detect a change in pressure and will send a signal through your nervous system to the brain, the brain will analyze the information and determine if you feel pain in your toe or not. (irwinphysiotherapy.com)
Brain functioning is also a common factor in both types of disorders. (psychguides.com)
Key brain regions that react to reward and stress and are affected by drugs may also show irregularities in people with anxiety and other mental health disorders. (psychguides.com)
It seems to act like a sedative in the brain and nervous system . (webmd.com)
In addition, lithium is thought to modulate the system of second messengers in the brain, meaning they enhance certain signaling processes. (blogspot.com)

If you have a history of abusing alcohol, prescription medications, or illicit drugs, you will be at heightened risk of developing opioid use disorder when using oxycodone long-term. (californiadetox.com)

Severe Alcohol Intoxication also contributes to disinhibition and feelings of sadness and irritability, which contribute to suicide attempts and completed suicides. (americancenteruae.com)

Multiple types of each mood disorder may make it hard for home diagnosis and treatment. (foothillsatredoak.com)
Professional diagnosis and treatment is the best way to support teens living with mood disorders. (foothillsatredoak.com)
A comprehensive dual diagnosis treatment program is the best way to treat addiction and mood disorders holistically. (foothillsatredoak.com)
Our North Carolina-based treatment program for adolescent males provides dual diagnosis treatment for addiction and mood disorders. (foothillsatredoak.com)
2 When a person has both a mental health and a substance disorder, this is known as a dual diagnosis. (psychguides.com)
Some people with anxiety have a dual diagnosis, which means they have both a mental illness, such as anxiety, as well as a substance abuse disorder. (psychguides.com)

METHODS: We harmonized information collected (e.g., pregnant women's alcohol intake, infants' gestational age and birth weight) from five Canadian pregnancy cohort studies to consolidate a large sample (n = 11,448). (bvsalud.org)

Hallucinogens can cause visual and auditory impairment by inducing thoughts that are not real but are soothing. (optimalnutrient.com)

The 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that 9.2 million adults had both a substance use disorder and a co-occuring mental health or behavioral disorder. (pacifichealthsystems.com)
Whether a person has a mental disorder, a substance use disorder, or both, there are a number of treatment options that can result in effective and long-term symptom management. (pacifichealthsystems.com)
However, the field of noncoding RNAs in substance use disorder (SUD) is still understudied and many noncoding RNAs have not been examined in SUD patients or models of drug exposure. (frontierspartnerships.org)
this may be further complicated by psychiatric illness including a substance use disorder. (medscape.com)

These individuals continue to use alcohol despite evidence of adverse psychological or physical consequences (e.g., depression, blackouts, liver disease, or other complications). (americancenteruae.com)
However, people who drink before bed often experience disruptions later in their sleep cycle as liver enzymes metabolize alcohol. (djpinky.cl)
A 2017 research paper published in the Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Journal states that citronella essential oil sedates inflammation, particularly those situations which pertain to the liver, stomach, intestines and other parts of the digestive system. (organicfacts.net)
Since most heme is made in the bone marrow, these 'disorders of porphyrin metabolism' are usually found there or in the liver. (ei-resource.org)
Of clear concern to MCS patients are the 'cytochrome P450' enzyme system, which uses heme to detoxify chemicals in the liver and other vital organs, and the oxygen transport system, which relies on hemoglobin to carry oxygen from the lungs to other body organs. (ei-resource.org)
These porphyrin disorders usually are found in the liver and are called coprophyrinuria when limited to coproporphyrins. (ei-resource.org)
Liver problems can be caused by a variety of genetic and non genetic factors such as viruses, alcohol use and obesity. (medera.bio)

Loss induced neuroinflammation by spinal lumbar cb 1 1 receptor reference 203. (rkconcepts.com)

In 2015, mortality from alcohol-induced causes reached the highest rate during 1999-2015 of 9.1 deaths per 100,000 U.S. standard population. (cdc.gov)
Alcohol-induced death rates for the Hispanic population remained the highest (9.9 per 100,000 U.S. standard population), followed by the non-Hispanic white population (9.6). (cdc.gov)
Rates of alcohol-induced deaths for persons aged 45-64 years increased from 17.3 per 100,000 population in 1999 to 26.0 in 2017. (cdc.gov)
There, 20.5 people per 100,000 die because of alcohol-related illnesses. (pocketpcmedicine.com)

These are essentially pain killers which induce a feeling of euphoria in the users. (literaturkneipe.com)

Yet a new study by Cambridge University in the United Kingdom shows that inflammation can induce behavioural changes similar to depression. (stradanove.net)

Functional MRI and PET scanning have shown increases in blood flow and metabolic activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, limbic structures, caudate, and thalamus, with a trend toward right-sided predominance, in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. (medscape.com)

In the Western countries, this disorder occurs much more commonly in males (with a male-to-female ratio of 5:1). (americancenteruae.com)
The disorder is associated more commonly in populations where marriage of close blood relatives is common. (scirp.org)
These dangers are highlighted by new research showing that alcohol and benzodiazepines were commonly co-involved in U.S. opioid overdose deaths in recent years. (worstpills.org)
Although impaired driving usu¬ally is caused by alcohol or marijuana, many commonly used prescription and over-the-counter medications also can impair one's ability to drive safely. (worstpills.org)
Skeletal muscles (commonly referred to as muscles) are organs of the vertebrate muscular system that are mostly attached by tendons to bones of the skeleton. (medera.bio)

Alcohol-induced causes exclude unintentional injuries, homicides, and other causes indirectly related to alcohol use, as wel as newborn deaths associated with maternal alcohol use. (cdc.gov)
The objective of this study was to describe the deaths which are caused by alcohol in Sergipe between 1998 and 2010. (bvsalud.org)
Alcohol is considered a major contributor to the disease burden and premature deaths worldwide (1) . (bvsalud.org)
Research regarding addiction in the European Union between 1980 and 2003, has shown that deaths related to alcohol accounted for over 10% of all mortality, and the authors highlighted the importance of national prevention strategies (16) . (bvsalud.org)
Alcohol poisoning is a serious condition requiring immediate attention, but it is relatively rare compared to other injuries and deaths associated with alcohol. (dailynexus.com)
Erik Raney, sergeant at the Santa Barbara Sheriff Coroner's Bureau, said that there have been six deaths this year in the county specifically due to alcohol intoxication, not including alcohol-related deaths. (dailynexus.com)

This disorder is only diagnosed when these behaviors become persistent and very disabling or distressing. (americancenteruae.com)
and a behavioral learning theory, offering treatments designed to eliminate the behaviors that characterize the mental disorders. (dissidentvoice.org)

Citronella essential oil relieves spasms of the muscles, respiratory system, and nervous system. (organicfacts.net)

Recent data have suggested a modulatory role of histamine and histamine receptors in shaping striatal activity and connected the histaminergic system to neuropsychiatric disorders. (helsinki.fi)

and Y15, poisoning by and exposure to alcohol, undetermined intent. (cdc.gov)

When CBD enters the body, it binds with cannabinoid receptors present in the endocannabinoid system (ECS) . (blosumcbd.com)
Dysfunction of the HPA axis, one of the key factors in depression, is strongly regulated by the endocannabinoid system. (hamppumaa.fi)
The body's natural system for taking in the cannabinoids found in cannabis, such as CBD or THC, is called the endocannabinoid system. (shopnaturallife.com)

Anatomy29

Organisms9

Diseases52

Chemicals and Drugs37

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Psychiatry and Psychology66

Phenomena and Processes25

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science7

Named Groups3

Health Care25

Geographicals2

Neurofunctional effects of developmental alcohol exposure in alcohol-preferring and alcohol-nonpreferring rats. (1/84)

Attributable risk of common and rare determinants of subarachnoid hemorrhage. (2/84)

Mechanisms of alcohol-induced damage to the developing nervous system. (3/84)

Teratogenic effects of alcohol on brain and behavior. (4/84)

A 47-year-old alcoholic man with progressive abnormal gait. (5/84)

Ethanol-induced apoptosis in the developing visual system during synaptogenesis. (6/84)

Signaling cascades regulating NMDA receptor sensitivity to ethanol. (7/84)

Temporally specific burst in cell proliferation increases hippocampal neurogenesis in protracted abstinence from alcohol. (8/84)

Alcohol Drinking

Alcohols

Central Nervous System

Nervous System

Alcoholism

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Bipolar Disorder

Ethanol

Mental Disorders

Central Nervous System Diseases

Anxiety Disorders

Mood Disorders

Peripheral Nervous System

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Alcohol-Related Disorders

Brain

Alcoholic Intoxication

Alcoholic Beverages

Alcohol Oxidoreductases

Benzyl Alcohols

Enteric Nervous System

Central Nervous System Neoplasms

Substance-Related Disorders

Central Nervous System Depressants

Autonomic Nervous System

Nervous System Diseases

Depressive Disorder, Major

Benzyl Alcohol

Fatty Alcohols

Sympathetic Nervous System

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

Depressive Disorder

Alcohol Deterrents

Nervous System Physiological Phenomena

Neurons

Polyvinyl Alcohol

Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

Central Nervous System Infections

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Autistic Disorder

Risk Factors

Phobic Disorders

Nervous System Neoplasms

Psychotic Disorders

Child Development Disorders, Pervasive

Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

Time Factors

Temperance

Conduct Disorder

Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium

Questionnaires

Nerve Tissue Proteins

Molecular Sequence Data

Comorbidity

Central Nervous System Viral Diseases

Prevalence

Cognition Disorders

Spinal Cord

Binge Drinking

Disease Models, Animal

Tic Disorders

Alcohol-Induced Disorders

Sex Factors

Age Factors

Central Nervous System Agents

Neuroglia

Case-Control Studies

Mutation

Borderline Personality Disorder

Propanols

Vasculitis, Central Nervous System

Cross-Sectional Studies

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Phenotype

Somatoform Disorders

Pregnancy

Axons

Analysis of Variance

Beer