Alcohol Drinking: Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.Alcohols: Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Alcohol Dehydrogenase: A zinc-containing enzyme which oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols or hemiacetals in the presence of NAD. In alcoholic fermentation, it catalyzes the final step of reducing an aldehyde to an alcohol in the presence of NADH and hydrogen.Alcoholism: A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)Ethanol: A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders: An umbrella term used to describe a pattern of disabilities and abnormalities that result from fetal exposure to ETHANOL during pregnancy. It encompasses a phenotypic range that can vary greatly between individuals, but reliably includes one or more of the following: characteristic facial dysmorphism, FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION, central nervous system abnormalities, cognitive and/or behavioral dysfunction, BIRTH DEFECTS. The level of maternal alcohol consumption does not necessarily correlate directly with disease severity.Alcoholic Beverages: Drinkable liquids containing ETHANOL.Alcoholic Intoxication: An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.Alcohol Oxidoreductases: A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).Benzyl Alcohols: Alcohols derived from the aryl radical (C6H5CH2-) and defined by C6H5CHOH. The concept includes derivatives with any substituents on the benzene ring.Benzyl Alcohol: A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.Alcohol-Related Disorders: Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or mis-use of alcohol.Central Nervous System Depressants: A very loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. The major groups included here are ethyl alcohol, anesthetics, hypnotics and sedatives, narcotics, and tranquilizing agents (antipsychotics and antianxiety agents).Fatty Alcohols: Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Alcohol Deterrents: Substances interfering with the metabolism of ethyl alcohol, causing unpleasant side effects thought to discourage the drinking of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol deterrents are used in the treatment of alcoholism.Polyvinyl Alcohol: A polymer prepared from polyvinyl acetates by replacement of the acetate groups with hydroxyl groups. It is used as a pharmaceutic aid and ophthalmic lubricant as well as in the manufacture of surface coatings artificial sponges, cosmetics, and other products.Temperance: Habitual moderation in the indulgence of a natural appetite, especially but not exclusively the consumption of alcohol.Alcohol Withdrawal Delirium: An acute organic mental disorder induced by cessation or reduction in chronic alcohol consumption. Clinical characteristics include CONFUSION; DELUSIONS; vivid HALLUCINATIONS; TREMOR; agitation; insomnia; and signs of autonomic hyperactivity (e.g., elevated blood pressure and heart rate, dilated pupils, and diaphoresis). This condition may occasionally be fatal. It was formerly called delirium tremens. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1175)Binge Drinking: Drinking an excessive amount of ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES in a short period of time.Propanols: Isomeric forms and derivatives of PROPANOL (C3H7OH).Beer: An alcoholic beverage usually made from malted cereal grain (as barley), flavored with hops, and brewed by slow fermentation.Substance-Related Disorders: Disorders related to substance abuse.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Amino Alcohols: Compounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-OH) and an amino group (-NH2).Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.1-Propanol: A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.Students: Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program.tert-Butyl AlcoholUniversities: Educational institutions providing facilities for teaching and research and authorized to grant academic degrees.Alcohol-Induced Disorders, Nervous System: Acute and chronic neurologic disorders associated with the various neurologic effects of ETHANOL. Primary sites of injury include the brain and peripheral nerves.Alcohol-Induced Disorders: Disorders stemming from the misuse and abuse of alcohol.Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Acetaldehyde: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.Risk-Taking: Undertaking a task involving a challenge for achievement or a desirable goal in which there is a lack of certainty or a fear of failure. It may also include the exhibiting of certain behaviors whose outcomes may present a risk to the individual or to those associated with him or her.Wine: Fermented juice of fresh grapes or of other fruit or plant products used as a beverage.Adolescent Behavior: Any observable response or action of an adolescent.Substance Withdrawal Syndrome: Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.Liver Diseases, Alcoholic: Liver diseases associated with ALCOHOLISM. It usually refers to the coexistence of two or more subentities, i.e., ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER; ALCOHOLIC HEPATITIS; and ALCOHOLIC CIRRHOSIS.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Butanols: Isomeric forms and derivatives of butanol (C4H9OH).Phenylethyl Alcohol: An antimicrobial, antiseptic, and disinfectant that is used also as an aromatic essence and preservative in pharmaceutics and perfumery.Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: An enzyme that oxidizes an aldehyde in the presence of NAD+ and water to an acid and NADH. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.70.United StatesPentanols: Isomeric forms and derivatives of pentanol (C5H11OH).2-Propanol: An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.Hexanols: Isomeric forms and derivatives of hexanol (C6H11OH).Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Alcohol Withdrawal Seizures: A condition where seizures occur in association with ethanol abuse (ALCOHOLISM) without other identifiable causes. Seizures usually occur within the first 6-48 hours after the cessation of alcohol intake, but may occur during periods of alcohol intoxication. Single generalized tonic-clonic motor seizures are the most common subtype, however, STATUS EPILEPTICUS may occur. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1174)Automobile Driving: The effect of environmental or physiological factors on the driver and driving ability. Included are driving fatigue, and the effect of drugs, disease, and physical disabilities on driving.Commerce: The interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale, between different countries or between populations within the same country. It includes trade (the buying, selling, or exchanging of commodities, whether wholesale or retail) and business (the purchase and sale of goods to make a profit). (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, p411, p2005 & p283)Social Environment: The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community.Sugar Alcohols: Polyhydric alcohols having no more than one hydroxy group attached to each carbon atom. They are formed by the reduction of the carbonyl group of a sugar to a hydroxyl group.(From Dorland, 28th ed)Motivation: Those factors which cause an organism to behave or act in either a goal-seeking or satisfying manner. They may be influenced by physiological drives or by external stimuli.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.RussiaNational Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U.S.): Component of the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH. It conducts research focused on improving the treatment and prevention of alcoholism and alcohol-related problems to reduce the health, social, and economic consequences of this disease. NIAAA, NIMH, and NIDA were created as coequal institutes within the Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration in 1974. It was established within the NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH in 1992.Behavior, Addictive: The observable, measurable, and often pathological activity of an organism that portrays its inability to overcome a habit resulting in an insatiable craving for a substance or for performing certain acts. The addictive behavior includes the emotional and physical overdependence on the object of habit in increasing amount or frequency.Health Surveys: A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.Longitudinal Studies: Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.Naltrexone: Derivative of noroxymorphone that is the N-cyclopropylmethyl congener of NALOXONE. It is a narcotic antagonist that is effective orally, longer lasting and more potent than naloxone, and has been proposed for the treatment of heroin addiction. The FDA has approved naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol dependence.Marijuana Abuse: The excessive use of marijuana with associated psychological symptoms and impairment in social or occupational functioning.Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic: FIBROSIS of the hepatic parenchyma due to chronic excess ALCOHOL DRINKING.gamma-Glutamyltransferase: An enzyme, sometimes called GGT, with a key role in the synthesis and degradation of GLUTATHIONE; (GSH, a tripeptide that protects cells from many toxins). It catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid.Peer Group: Group composed of associates of same species, approximately the same age, and usually of similar rank or social status.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Marijuana Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke from CANNABIS.Cardiomyopathy, Alcoholic: Disease of CARDIAC MUSCLE resulting from chronic excessive alcohol consumption. Myocardial damage can be caused by: (1) a toxic effect of alcohol; (2) malnutrition in alcoholics such as THIAMINE DEFICIENCY; or (3) toxic effect of additives in alcoholic beverages such as COBALT. This disease is usually manifested by DYSPNEA and palpitations with CARDIOMEGALY and congestive heart failure (HEART FAILURE).Methanol: A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Impulsive Behavior: An act performed without delay, reflection, voluntary direction or obvious control in response to a stimulus.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Socioeconomic Factors: Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.Energy Drinks: Beverages consumed as stimulants and tonics. They usually contain a combination of CAFFEINE with other substances such as herbal supplements; VITAMINS; AMINO ACIDS; and sugar or sugar derivatives.Psychotherapy, Brief: Any form of psychotherapy designed to produce therapeutic change within a minimal amount of time, generally not more than 20 sessions.Street Drugs: Drugs obtained and often manufactured illegally for the subjective effects they are said to produce. They are often distributed in urban areas, but are also available in suburban and rural areas, and tend to be grossly impure and may cause unexpected toxicity.Stereoisomerism: The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)Violence: Individual or group aggressive behavior which is socially non-acceptable, turbulent, and often destructive. It is precipitated by frustrations, hostility, prejudices, etc.Psychoses, Alcoholic: A group of mental disorders associated with organic brain damage and caused by poisoning from alcohol.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Accidents, Traffic: Accidents on streets, roads, and highways involving drivers, passengers, pedestrians, or vehicles. Traffic accidents refer to AUTOMOBILES (passenger cars, buses, and trucks), BICYCLING, and MOTORCYCLES but not OFF-ROAD MOTOR VEHICLES; RAILROADS nor snowmobiles.Benzyl CompoundsPrenatal Exposure Delayed Effects: The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.Aldehydes: Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO.Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry): The co-existence of a substance abuse disorder with a psychiatric disorder. The diagnostic principle is based on the fact that it has been found often that chemically dependent patients also have psychiatric problems of various degrees of severity.Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Categorical classification of MENTAL DISORDERS based on criteria sets with defining features. It is produced by the American Psychiatric Association. (DSM-IV, page xxii)Alcoholics: Persons who have a history of physical or psychological dependence on ETHANOL.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Drinking Behavior: Behaviors associated with the ingesting of water and other liquids; includes rhythmic patterns of drinking (time intervals - onset and duration), frequency and satiety.Flushing: A transient reddening of the face that may be due to fever, certain drugs, exertion, stress, or a disease process.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Aldehyde Oxidoreductases: Oxidoreductases that are specific for ALDEHYDES.Life Style: Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)Social Conformity: Behavioral or attitudinal compliance with recognized social patterns or standards.Crime: A violation of the criminal law, i.e., a breach of the conduct code specifically sanctioned by the state, which through its administrative agencies prosecutes offenders and imposes and administers punishments. The concept includes unacceptable actions whether prosecuted or going unpunished.Odds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.Comorbidity: The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Self Administration: Administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. It includes administration clinically or experimentally, by human or animal.Taxes: Governmental levies on property, inheritance, gifts, etc.1-Butanol: A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.Alcoholics Anonymous: An organization of self-proclaimed alcoholics who meet frequently to reinforce their practice of abstinence.BenzaldehydesPsychiatric Status Rating Scales: Standardized procedures utilizing rating scales or interview schedules carried out by health personnel for evaluating the degree of mental illness.Data Collection: Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.Breath Tests: Any tests done on exhaled air.Motion Pictures as Topic: The art, technique, or business of producing motion pictures for entertainment, propaganda, or instruction.NAD: A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)Sex Distribution: The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.KetonesPancreatitis, Alcoholic: Acute or chronic INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS due to excessive ALCOHOL DRINKING. Alcoholic pancreatitis usually presents as an acute episode but it is a chronic progressive disease in alcoholics.Harm Reduction: The application of methods designed to reduce the risk of harm associated with certain behaviors without reduction in frequency of those behaviors. The risk-associated behaviors include ongoing and active addictive behaviors.Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.EstersInterview, Psychological: A directed conversation aimed at eliciting information for psychiatric diagnosis, evaluation, treatment planning, etc. The interview may be conducted by a social worker or psychologist.Self Report: Method for obtaining information through verbal responses, written or oral, from subjects.Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Health Behavior: Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.Choice Behavior: The act of making a selection among two or more alternatives, usually after a period of deliberation.Narcotic Antagonists: Agents inhibiting the effect of narcotics on the central nervous system.Substance Abuse Treatment Centers: Health facilities providing therapy and/or rehabilitation for substance-dependent individuals. Methadone distribution centers are included.Social Problems: Situations affecting a significant number of people, that are believed to be sources of difficulty or threaten the stability of the community, and that require programs of amelioration.Sexual Behavior: Sexual activities of humans.Wounds and Injuries: Damage inflicted on the body as the direct or indirect result of an external force, with or without disruption of structural continuity.Child of Impaired Parents: Child with one or more parents afflicted by a physical or mental disorder.Mental Disorders: Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.Cues: Signals for an action; that specific portion of a perceptual field or pattern of stimuli to which a subject has learned to respond.Risk: The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.Advertising as Topic: The act or practice of calling public attention to a product, service, need, etc., especially by paid announcements in newspapers, magazines, on radio, or on television. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1: An ethanol-inducible cytochrome P450 enzyme that metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Substrates include ETHANOL; INHALATION ANESTHETICS; BENZENE; ACETAMINOPHEN and other low molecular weight compounds. CYP2E1 has been used as an enzyme marker in the study of alcohol abuse.Substance Abuse Detection: Detection of drugs that have been abused, overused, or misused, including legal and illegal drugs. Urine screening is the usual method of detection.Stress, Psychological: Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.Pharyngeal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the PHARYNX.Horses: Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.Social Control, Informal: Those forms of control which are exerted in less concrete and tangible ways, as through folkways, mores, conventions, and public sentiment.Cholestanols: Cholestanes substituted in any position with one or more hydroxy groups. They are found in feces and bile. In contrast to bile acids and salts, they are not reabsorbed.Tobacco Use Disorder: Tobacco used to the detriment of a person's health or social functioning. Tobacco dependence is included.Models, Psychological: Theoretical representations that simulate psychological processes and/or social processes. These include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Waxes: A plastic substance deposited by insects or obtained from plants. Waxes are esters of various fatty acids with higher, usually monohydric alcohols. The wax of pharmacy is principally yellow wax (beeswax), the material of which honeycomb is made. It consists chiefly of cerotic acid and myricin and is used in making ointments, cerates, etc. (Dorland, 27th ed)Law Enforcement: Organized efforts to insure obedience to the laws of a community.Sex Characteristics: Those characteristics that distinguish one SEX from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the OVARIES and TESTES and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction.Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Oxidation-Reduction: A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).Urban Population: The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.Disulfiram: A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)JapanMass Screening: Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.Age Distribution: The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.European Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.Marketing: Activity involved in transfer of goods from producer to consumer or in the exchange of services.Republic of BelarusSubstrate Specificity: A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.FinlandChi-Square Distribution: A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.CaliforniaCocaine-Related Disorders: Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.Octanols: Isomeric forms and derivatives of octanol (C8H17OH).Catalysis: The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.Affect: The feeling-tone accompaniment of an idea or mental representation. It is the most direct psychic derivative of instinct and the psychic representative of the various bodily changes by means of which instincts manifest themselves.Molecular Structure: The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.Aggression: Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.Lignin: The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases: Reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of a hydroxyl group of sugar alcohols to form a keto sugar, aldehyde or lactone. Any acceptor except molecular oxygen is permitted. Includes EC 1.1.1.; EC 1.1.2. and EC 1.1.99.Confidence Intervals: A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.
Body mass decrease after initial gain following smoking cessation. (1/9481)
BACKGROUND: Although smoking cessation is strongly associated with subsequent weight gain, it is not clear whether the initial gain in weight after smoking cessation remains over time. METHOD: Cross-sectional analyses were made, using data from periodic health examinations for workers, on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the length of smoking cessation. In addition, linear regression coefficients of BMI on the length of cessation were estimated according to alcohol intake and sport activity, to examine the modifying effect of these factors on the weight of former smokers. RESULTS: Means of BMI were 23.1 kg/m2, 23.3 kg/m2, 23.6 kg/m2 for light/medium smokers, heavy smokers and never smokers, respectively. Among former smokers who had smoked > or = 25 cigarettes a day, odds ratio (OR) of BMI >25 kg/m2 were 1.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] : 1.05-3.35), 1.32 (95% CI : 0.74-2.34), 0.66 (95% CI: 0.33-1.31) for those with 2-4 years, 5-7 years, and 8-10 years of smoking cessation, respectively. The corresponding OR among those who previously consumed <25 cigarettes a day were 1.06 (95% CI: 0.58-1.94), 1.00 (95% CI: 0.58-1.71), and 1.49 (95% CI: 0.95-2.32). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that although heavy smokers may experience large weight gain and weigh more than never smokers in the few years after smoking cessation, they thereafter lose weight to the never smoker level, while light and moderate smokers gain weight up to the never smoker level without any excess after smoking cessation. (+info)Water traffic accidents, drowning and alcohol in Finland, 1969-1995. (2/9481)
OBJECTIVE: To examine age- and sex-specific mortality rates and trends in water traffic accidents (WTA), and their association with alcohol, in Finland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: National mortality and population data from Finland, 1969-1995, are used to analyse rates and trends. The mortality rates are calculated on the basis of population, per 100000 inhabitants in each age group (<1, 1-4, 5-14, 15-24, 25-44, 45-64, > or = 65), and analysed by sex and age. The Poisson regression model and chi2 test for trend (EGRET and StatXact softwares) are used to analyse time trends. RESULTS: From 1969 through 1995 there were 3473 (2.7/100000/year; M:F= 20.4:1) WTA-related deaths among Finns of all ages. In 94.7% of the cases the cause of death was drowning. Alcohol intoxication was a contributing cause of death in 63.0% of the fatalities. During the study period the overall WTA mortality rates declined significantly (-4% per year; P < 0.001). This decline was observed in all age groups except > or = 65 year olds. The overall mortality rates in WTA associated with alcohol intoxication (1987-1995) also declined significantly (-6%; P = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: In Finland, mortality rates in WTA are exceptionally high. Despite a marked decline in most age groups, the high mortality in WTA nevertheless remains a preventable cause of death. Preventive countermeasures targeted specifically to adult males, to the reduction of alcohol consumption in aquatic settings and to the use of personal safety devices should receive priority. (+info)Effect of alcohol abstinence on blood pressure: assessment by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. (3/9481)
Several studies have shown that cessation of alcohol drinking reduces blood pressure (BP). However, attempts to reproduce these findings by ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) have shown inconsistent results. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of 1 month of proven abstinence from alcohol on the 24-hour BP profile in heavy alcohol drinkers. Forty-two men who were heavy drinkers (>100 g of pure ethanol per day) were consecutively admitted to a general ward for voluntary alcohol detoxification. On the day of admission, they received a total dose of 2 g/kg of ethanol diluted in orange juice in 5 divided doses, and a 24-hour ABPM was performed. A new 24-hour BP monitoring in the same environmental conditions was performed after 1 month of proven alcohol abstinence while the subjects were receiving the same amount of fluid but without the addition of alcohol. After 1 month of proven alcohol abstinence, BP and heart rate (HR) significantly decreased. The reduction was 7.2 mm Hg for 24-hour systolic BP (SBP) (95% CI, 4.5 to 9.9), 6.6 mm Hg for 24-hour diastolic BP (DBP) (95% CI, 4.2 to 9.0), and 7.9 bpm for HR (95% CI, 5.1 to 10.7). The proportion of alcoholic patients considered hypertensive on the basis of 24-hour BP criteria (daytime SBP >/=135 mm Hg or daytime DBP >/=85 mm Hg) fell from 42% during alcohol drinking to 12% after 1 month of complete abstinence. Abstinence did not modify either the long-term BP variability, assessed by SD of 24-hour BP, or its circadian profile. We conclude that abstinence in heavy alcohol drinkers significantly reduces BP assessed by 24-hour ABPM and that this reduction is clinically relevant. These results show that heavy alcohol consumption has an important effect on BP, and thus cessation of alcohol consumption must be recommended as a priority for hypertensive alcohol drinkers. (+info)Different factors influencing the expression of Raynaud's phenomenon in men and women. (4/9481)
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the risk profile for Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is different between men and women. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study of 800 women and 725 men participating in the Framingham Offspring Study, the association of age, marital status, smoking, alcohol use, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia with prevalent RP was examined in men and women separately, after adjusting for relevant confounders. RESULTS: The prevalence of RP was 9.6% (n = 77) in women and 5.8% (n = 42) in men. In women, marital status and alcohol use were each associated with prevalent RP (for marital status adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.3, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.4-3.9; for alcohol use OR 2.2, 95% CI 1.0-5.2), whereas these factors were not associated with RP in men (marital status OR 1.4, 95% CI 0.6-3.5; alcohol use OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.2-4.4). In men, older age (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0-5.2) and smoking (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.3) were associated with prevalent RP; these factors were not associated with RP in women (older age OR 0.8, 95% CI 0.4-1.6; smoking OR 0.7, 95% CI 0.4-1.1). Diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia were not associated with RP in either sex. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that risk factors for RP differ between men and women. Age and smoking were associated with RP in men only, while the associations of marital status and alcohol use with RP were observed in women only. These findings suggest that different mechanisms influence the expression of RP in men and women. (+info)Ethanol exposure differentially alters central monoamine neurotransmission in alcohol-preferring versus -nonpreferring rats. (5/9481)
Individual differences in ethanol preference may be linked to differences in the functional activity of forebrain monoamine systems or their sensitivity to modification by ethanol. To test this hypothesis, basal extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) in the nucleus accumbens as well as the effects of repeated ethanol pretreatment on the basal release of these transmitters were examined in alcohol-preferring (P), alcohol-nonpreferring (NP), and genetically heterogeneous Wistar rats. All animals received i.p. injections of ethanol (1.0 g/kg) or saline for 5 consecutive days. Fifteen hours after the final pretreatment, basal extracellular concentrations and "in vivo extraction fraction" values for DA and 5-HT were determined by no-net-flux in vivo microdialysis. In ethanol-naive rats, significant line differences were observed with high basal 5-HT release in P rats, low 5-HT release in NP rats, and intermediate 5-HT levels in Wistar rats. No differences among groups were noted in basal DA release. Ethanol pretreatment decreased basal extracellular 5-HT levels in P rats whereas increasing 5-HT efflux was seen in the Wistar and NP lines. In addition, ethanol pretreatment increased extracellular DA concentrations in Wistar and P rats, but not in NP rats. The results confirm a relationship between the functional status of forebrain DA and 5-HT systems and ethanol preference or aversion. Moreover, the data suggest that ethanol exposure can alter basal DA and 5-HT in the nucleus accumbens and that vulnerability to ethanol-induced changes in monoamine neurotransmission may be a factor in genetically determined ethanol preference. (+info)Diet and risk of ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity: carbohydrate-fat relationships in rats. (6/9481)
Nutritional status is a primary factor in the effects of xenobiotics and may be an important consideration in development of safety standards and assessment of risk. One important xenobiotic consumed daily by millions of people worldwide is alcohol. Some adverse effects of ethanol, such as alcohol liver disease, have been linked to diet. For example, ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in animal models requires diets that have a high percentage of the total calories as unsaturated fat. However, little attention has been given to the role of carbohydrates (or carbohydrate to fat ratio) in the effects of this important xenobiotic on liver injury. In the present study, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (8-10/group) were infused (intragastrically) diets high in unsaturated fat (25 or 45% total calories), sufficient protein (16%) and ethanol (38%) in the presence or absence of adequate carbohydrate (21 or 2.5%) for 42-55 days (d). Animals infused ethanol-containing diets adequate in carbohydrate developed steatosis, but had no other signs of hepatic pathology. However, rats infused with the carbohydrate-deficient diet had a 4-fold increase in serum ALT levels (p < 0.05), an unexpectedly high (34-fold) induction of hepatic microsomal CYP2E1 apoprotein (p < 0.001), and focal necrosis. The strong positive association between low dietary carbohydrate, enhanced CYP2E1 induction and hepatic necrosis suggests that in the presence of low carbohydrate intake, ethanol induction of CYP2E1 is enhanced to levels sufficient to cause necrosis, possibly through reactive oxygen species and other free radicals generated by CYP2E1 metabolism of ethanol and unsaturated fatty acids. (+info)Inhibition of advanced glycation endproduct formation by acetaldehyde: role in the cardioprotective effect of ethanol. (7/9481)
Epidemiological studies suggest that there is a beneficial effect of moderate ethanol consumption on the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Ethanol is metabolized to acetaldehyde, a two-carbon carbonyl compound that can react with nucleophiles to form covalent addition products. We have identified a biochemical modification produced by the reaction of acetaldehyde with protein-bound Amadori products. Amadori products typically arise from the nonenzymatic addition of reducing sugars (such as glucose) to protein amino groups and are the precursors to irreversibly bound, crosslinking moieties called advanced glycation endproducts, or AGEs. AGEs accumulate over time on plasma lipoproteins and vascular wall components and play an important role in the development of diabetes- and age-related cardiovascular disease. The attachment of acetaldehyde to a model Amadori product produces a chemically stabilized complex that cannot rearrange and progress to AGE formation. We tested the role of this reaction in preventing AGE formation in vivo by administering ethanol to diabetic rats, which normally exhibit increased AGE formation and high circulating levels of the hemoglobin Amadori product, HbA1c, and the hemoglobin AGE product, Hb-AGE. In this model study, diabetic rats fed an ethanol diet for 4 weeks showed a 52% decrease in Hb-AGE when compared with diabetic controls (P < 0.001). Circulating levels of HbA1c were unaffected by ethanol, pointing to the specificity of the acetaldehyde reaction for the post-Amadori, advanced glycation process. These data suggest a possible mechanism for the so-called "French paradox," (the cardioprotection conferred by moderate ethanol ingestion) and may offer new strategies for inhibiting advanced glycation. (+info)A prospective study of cerebrovascular disease in Japanese rural communities, Akabane and Asahi. Part 1: evaluation of risk factors in the occurrence of cerebral hemorrhage and thrombosis. (8/9481)
An epidemiological study of cerebrovascular disease in Akabane and Asahi, Japan, was made. (These cities are located near Nagoy, Japan.) The study population included 4,737 men and women aged 40 to 79 at the time of entry into the study. There were 4,186 persons who were examined and, of these, 264 cases of cerebrovascular attacks were observed between 1964 and 1970. The incidence rate of stroke in those persons not responding to the survey was 15.9 times higher than in those persons examined according to person-year observation in Akabane. The risk factors for cerebral hemorrhage and thrombosis were evaluated by age-adjusted and sex-adjusted relative risks. The predisposing factors to cerebral hemorrhage appeared to be high blood pressure, high left R wave, ST depression, T abnormality, capillary fragility counts, previous medical history of stroke and albuminuria. For cerebral thrombosis, the predisposing factors appeared to be high blood pressure, ST depression and funduscopic sclerotic findings, and those factors assumed to be significant were glycosuria and smoking habits. Ocular funduscopic abnormality was the most prominent risk factor for cerebral thrombosis, while high blood pressure and ECG abnormalities were highly related to cerebral hemorrhage. It was suggested that those subjects with a relatively higher blood pressure may have a higher relative risk of cerebral hemorrhage than those with a lower (normal range) blood pressure. A previous or family history of stroke also appeared significantly related to cerebral hemorrhage. (+info)The XIT Ranch had a number of rules, including prohibitions against carrying arms; drinking alcohol; and gambling or card ...
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This article looks at the possible health benefits of drinking. ... the health benefits of moderate drinking have been widely ... For example, I drink 10 drinks a month. But 10 drinks a month is very different for someone who has them all on one night vs. ... We usually define moderate drinking as up to one drink per day for adult women who aren't pregnant and up to two drinks ... or frankly even so much how much they were drinking at a time, but how frequently they were drinking alcohol. ...
All the alcohol news from 2009, including beer summits, bacon-infused vodka, Tigers mistresses, Hennessy and other ... November 29: Alcohol, Now in Pill Form A professor in Russia created an alcohol pill, which the Times of India argues will ... Winter 2009: Alcohol Mixes with Music Jamie Foxxs late 2008 single, Blame It became his first No. 1 single. Meanwhile, Pink ... The Year in Drinking: A Timeline. From beer summits to bacon-infused vodka, from blaming it on Tigers mistresses to blaming it ...
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Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth. For more on underage drinking, check out the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and ... Those students who owned alcohol merchandise were significantly more likely to start drinking alcohol than those who did not. ... Public possession of alcohol by minors was similarly made illegal.. However, the law did not actually outlaw underage drinking ... The researchers further found that 15 percent of the students said they now drank alcohol to some degree. ...
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Home › Q & A › Questions › Drinking alcohol on Zoloft?. Drinking alcohol on Zoloft?. Asked. 24 Dec 2017 by shaunnamarie. Active ... I never go crazy when drinking (usually only 2 vodka lemonades when i do go out). So i was wondering if i could drink on zoloft ... For the Zoloft to work most effectively you should not drink alcohol with it. ... You should avoid or limit the use of alcohol while being treated with sertraline. Alcohol can increase the nervous system side ...
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... the researchers tracked the alcohol intake of 664 people, assessed their cognitive functioning with a handful of tests, and ... "As long as you dont get intoxicated and stop doing the things you need to do, drinking alcohol seems to be OK," she said. ... And even though moderate alcohol intake - that is, two or three drinks per day - was linked to improved memory, Zanjani is not ... Related: 7 Shocking Health Benefits of Drinking Alcohol (in Moderation). So should all of us start sipping, stat? Not ...
Yet, myths remain about drinking and drinking problems. Learn the facts about alcohol use so you can make healthy decisions. ... We know much more about the effects of alcohol today than in the past. ... You do not need to drink every day to have a problem with alcohol. Heavy drinking is defined by how much alcohol you have in a ... You need to drink more than you did to get the same effect from alcohol. Or, the number of drinks you are used to having now ...
Putting a stop to your drinking may be done through behavior changes you make on your own. ... If you abuse alcohol, you can take control of the problem. ... means you drink four or five alcoholic drinks in a row. You may ... Limited Alcohol Consumption. Some people who drink too much, but are not dependent on alcohol, can become moderate drinkers. ... Many of them choose not to drink again or do not experience drinking problems. But about 17 million people have an alcohol use ...
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Should You Drink Alcohol to Induce Labor?. You might think that reaching for a few glasses of wine during those halcyon days of ... Turns out that drinking alcohol in the later stages of pregnancy has the opposite effect most women intend for it to have. It ... But long ago, intravenous (IV) alcohol was used to treat and stop preterm labor. The effect of alcohol on the uterus really ... It was during those times that I may suggest having a beer to see if the alcohol would calm or relax the uterus," says Ross. So ...
... high-strength alcohol, ministers are hopeful Scotlands drinking habits have changed. ... Image caption Danny is an alcoholic and has to beg for money for drink Danny, 45, is an alcoholic who says he "drinks as much ... "And Im not a bad person, Im an alcoholic. Ive got serious problems, issues inside and I consume the drink to help with the ... It is a year since the introduction of a minimum price for drinks depending on how many alcohol units they contained. ...
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- If all Canadians who consume alcohol were to follow the proposed guidelines, there would be approximately 4,600 less alcohol-related deaths per year ( Alcohol and Health in Canada: A Summary of Evidence and Guidelines for Low-Risk Drinking . (ccsa.ca)
- However, the law did not actually outlaw underage drinking -- allowing those under 21 to legally consume alcohol in private settings or for either religious or medicinal purposes. (redorbit.com)
- If you invariably find a way to consume alcohol, you are probably an alcoholic. (dailystrength.org)
- If your buddies discuss going to a party, getaway, or an overnight stay, and the primary thought that comes to your thoughts is the accessibility of alcohol or an excellent opportunity to consume alcohol, it is also a warning sign that you are becoming addicted to it. (dailystrength.org)
- According to the Foundation for Advancing Alcohol Responsibility , 8.7 million American kids ages 12-20 consume alcohol. (ajc.com)
- While women are often warned not to consume alcohol during pregnancy due to evidence that it could cause damage to an unborn child, the risks of consuming alcohol while breastfeeding are not as well defined. (llli.org)
- They also discovered that when the mice did consume alcohol, the absence of RASGRF-2 reduced the activity of dopamine-releasing neurons in a region of the brain called the ventral tegmental area (VTA) - preventing the brain from releasing dopamine and limiting any sense of reward. (huffingtonpost.com)
- more intelligent children, both in the United Kingdom and the United States, grow up to consume alcohol more frequently and in greater quantities than less intelligent children. (neatorama.com)
- Very bright' British children grow up to consume alcohol nearly one full standard deviation more frequently than their 'very dull' classmates. (neatorama.com)
- This Stop Drinking program was designed to assist the listener in reducing or eliminating the desire to consume alcohol. (audible.com)
- Whenever people under age consume alcohol, they tend to do stuff that they will regret. (bartleby.com)
- If you consistently discover a means to consume alcohol, you are most likely an alcoholic. (dailystrength.org)
- talk about going to a celebration, getaway, or an over night stay, and the initial thought that enters your mind is the accessibility of alcohol or a great option to consume alcohol, it is also a red flag that you are getting addicted to it. (dailystrength.org)
- Definitely skip dessert if you plan to drink a lot of alcoholic drinks. (wikihow.com)
- REUTERS - Watching films and ads in which alcohol features prominently drives people to immediately reach for the bottle themselves, Dutch researchers said on Wednesday. (france24.com)
- The findings highlight a potential need to explicitly warn people -- and parents -- if movies contain alcohol use because such portrayals have a direct effect on drinking, researchers at Radboud University Nijmegen said. (france24.com)
- The most alcohol anyone drank was four bottles and the least amount was none, the researchers said, adding it was not possible to tell whether watching alcohol on screen has any effect on long-term behaviour. (france24.com)
- The researchers further found that 15 percent of the students said they now drank alcohol to some degree. (redorbit.com)
- The researchers noted that ownership of alcohol promotional items was associated with being at the older range of the student group, having peers who drank, having tried smoking, "sensation-seeking," and doing less well in school. (redorbit.com)
- In the study, published in the American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Dementias , the researchers tracked the alcohol intake of 664 people, assessed their cognitive functioning with a handful of tests, and performed scans of their brains. (yahoo.com)
- Researchers also know that metabolizing alcohol in the GI tract can lead to inflammation , which causes a variety of symptoms. (healthline.com)
- Researchers are still working out potential connections between alcohol and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis . (healthline.com)
- Swedish researchers found that mice who drank water that was 10 percent alcohol were less likely to develop rheumatoid arthritis. (wired.com)
- researchers have found that a 'low' intake of alcohol may help to cleanse the brain. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The researchers came to their findings by assessing the effects of acute and chronic alcohol exposure on the glymphatic system of mice. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The researchers found that when the rodents were exposed to high doses of alcohol over a long period, they demonstrated an increase in inflammatory markers. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Seeing movies that feature characters drinking alcohol can predispose young adolescents to experiment with alcohol at an early age, concludes a study led by Dartmouth Medical School (DMS) researchers. (dartmouth.edu)
- The researchers surveyed more than 5,000 students ages 10 to 14 years old in Vermont and New Hampshire schools, to assess the amount of movies they watch and whether they had tried drinking before. (dartmouth.edu)
- Researchers calculated that the typical child who took part in the survey was exposed to about eight hours of alcohol use through movies. (dartmouth.edu)
- UK researchers have discovered a gene that regulates alcohol consumption and when faulty can cause excessive drinking. (ucl.ac.uk)
- This led the researchers to identify the gene Gabrb1 which changes alcohol preference so strongly that mice carrying either of two single base-pair point mutations in this gene preferred drinking alcohol (10% ethanol v/v - about the strength of wine), over water. (ucl.ac.uk)
- A study released last week by researchers at the University of Illinois at Chicago finds that a little bit of alcohol (just enough to register 0.075 on a breathalyzer) can help your mind explore unorthodox solutions. (go.com)
- Researchers have long suspected a connection between alcohol advertisements and underage drinking, but positive correlations to date may have been due to other factors like peer and family influences that affect both drinking and ad exposure. (rand.org)
- Researchers with the RAND Corporation have now made a much stronger connection, taking a new look at alcohol ads and youth drinking with studies designed to avoid the pitfalls of earlier ones. (rand.org)
- because the brain receives blood from this system, researchers have hypothesized that small amounts of alcohol may also attenuate age-related declines in brain volume. (eurekalert.org)
- The researchers found that rats exposed during gestation found the smell of alcohol on another rat's breath during adolescence more attractive than animals with no prior foetal exposure. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- A 2007 paper published by the study's researchers found that seniors who drank two or more alcoholic drinks a day (it didn't matter what kind) had a 15-percent reduced risk of death compared to nondrinkers. (livescience.com)
- TORONTO -- Workers are less likely to drink heavily, frequently, or at work if the companies discourage drinking, researchers found. (medpagetoday.com)
- On the other hand, younger workers and those who smoked were more likely to drink, the researchers reported. (medpagetoday.com)
- Measures of worksite management tolerance were based on responses by managers to questions about how tolerant the worksite was about drinking in an earlier survey of the same sites, the researchers said. (medpagetoday.com)
- Notably, the researchers said, while the observed association was stronger for drinking at work, workgroup norms were also strongly associated with decreased odds for drinking behavior outside the work environment, suggesting the potential long reach of worksite-based public health campaigns, the researchers said. (medpagetoday.com)
- Publishing their findings in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, the researchers revealed that men who drank over 22 units a week had around a 20 per cent higher rate of admissions to acute care hospitals than those who did not drink. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- NHS Scotland researchers believe that Scotland's alcohol-related death toll is higher than previously thought, with experts claiming that one in 20 deaths in 2003 may have been due to alcohol. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- The researchers warned that adults who exceed the one-drink-a-day limit can expect to die at a younger age than those who do not, the Associated Press reported. (medicinenet.com)
- The researchers analyzed 83 studies that were conducted in 19 countries and included nearly 600,000 people who drank alcohol. (medicinenet.com)
- Researchers analyzed data from nine previously published studies with a total of more than 430,000 participants and found that drinking two additional cups of coffee a day was linked to a 44% lower risk of developing liver cirrhosis. (reuters.com)
- The Growing Up in Australia researchers were interested in how much moms were drinking and also were interested in how children were developing over time," said Gibson, "but they weren't exactly asking the same question as me. (thestar.com)
- but in fraternal twins exposed in utero to the same level of alcohol, one could suffer only mild impacts while the other could have full-blown fetal alcohol syndrome, the researchers said. (miamiherald.com)
- Researchers said one in every 14 children the University of Washington diagnoses with fetal alcohol syndrome "had a reported exposure of one drink per day. (miamiherald.com)
- Researchers said the biggest health implication the new study revealed is that a baby's DNA helps determine if he or she will end up with lasting impacts from a mother's drinking - though researchers don't yet know why. (miamiherald.com)
- To carry out the study, researchers sorted through records on 3,000 people who had been exposed to alcohol in utero over the past quarter century, winnowing that number down to 84 pairs of identical and fraternal twins, and full and half siblings - all of whom had the same levels of fetal alcohol exposure, and all of whom "were raised together and diagnosed at the same age," researchers said. (miamiherald.com)
- Researchers discovered that the less related the pair was, the more likely they were to have different impacts from alcohol exposure - with 78 percent of half-siblings experiencing diverging alcohol exposure outcomes, 59 percent of full siblings and 44 percent of fraternal twins, according to researchers. (miamiherald.com)
- To better understand the risk of heart attack and stroke in the hours and days after drinking alcohol, the researchers looked at data from 23 studies involving 30,000 participants. (psychcentral.com)
- The researchers looked at the association among smokers in England between a recent attempt to quit smoking and alcohol consumption. (biomedcentral.com)
- Researchers tested drowsiness and attention in 16 healthy young men exposed to either sleep deprivation or alcohol consumption, or to both at once. (reuters.com)
- Researchers tested the men's attention and vigilance one hour after they drank alcohol and again every 30 minutes for two hours. (reuters.com)
- Using low-risk people as the baseline, researchers looked at whether other patterns of alcohol use affected people's chances of taking time off for any of these 6 types of health problem. (www.nhs.uk)
- We found that men who were drinking at least three to four days a week or more had lower heart attack risks than people who had one drink a week. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Test your knowledge of alcohol-related risks and find out the facts about drinking. (nationalarchives.gov.uk)
- Beginning to drink before age 14 is associated with increased health risks, including alcohol-related injuries, involvement in violence, and suicidal thoughts and attempts. (www.nhs.uk)
- By not drinking too much, you can reduce the risk of these short- and long-term health risks. (cdc.gov)
- If we identify pregnant women who are engaging in at-risk behavior, first of all I reassure them that often they didn't know they were pregnant or weren't aware of the risks, that hopefully there's been no harm done to their child but I do also tell them that it's not too late to help their baby by quitting drinking. (acog.org)
- Talk about the risks and dangers of drinking alcohol. (healthlinkbc.ca)
- Canada now has national low-risk alcohol drinking guidelines with suggestions for minimizing the risks associated with drinking alcohol. (healthlinkbc.ca)
- While scientific research has established a link between moderate alcohol consumption and better heart health, a new study suggests that this connection is actually quite complex with potential risks as well as benefits. (psychcentral.com)
- Most prior research has focused on the long-term risk of heart attacks and strokes associated with alcohol consumption, but the immediate risks have not been well-documented," said lead author Elizabeth Mostofsky, ScD, a post-doctoral fellow at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and an instructor at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. (psychcentral.com)
- However, heavy alcohol use was associated with higher heart attack and stroke risks at all times studied. (psychcentral.com)
- Fixes for the US drinking problem are hard to sell When officials wanted to reduce deaths from tobacco, they spoke of cancer risks, pushed for public bans and raised taxes. (greenbaypressgazette.com)
- Previous research has shown that alcohol can impair motor coordination, critical thinking skills and decision-making and may lead people to take more risks than they might while sober. (reuters.com)
- Learn how to reduce the risks to you from binge drinking . (staffordshire.gov.uk)
- Professor Hugh Perry, Chair of the MRC's Neurosciences and Mental Health Board, said: "Alcohol addiction places a huge burden on the individual, their family and wider society. (ucl.ac.uk)
- Treatment for alcohol addiction involves multiple approaches. (wikihow.com)
- People ingest drinks for any number of reasons, and if they do not step back at the correct time, it can result in alcohol addiction. (dailystrength.org)
- Fierce urge for alcohol in the morning also gives an idea about the degree of addiction. (dailystrength.org)
- You are heading in the direction of alcohol addiction if people think negative about you due to the fact that of your drinking practices. (dailystrength.org)
- A few typical symptoms of alcohol addiction are low appetite, short-term loss of memory or inability to remember things, unconsciousness, insomnia, loss of control over body, and weight-loss. (dailystrength.org)
- When we think about alcohol or alcohol addiction, the primary point that comes to our thoughts is that it is damaging and needs to be avoided. (dailystrength.org)
- If people think bad about you just because of your alcohol consumption practices, you are moving in the direction of alcohol addiction. (dailystrength.org)
- If you rely on alcohol to mask your anxiety problems, you may find you become reliant on it to relax, which may lead to alcohol addiction. (drinkaware.co.uk)
- Alcohol makes us vacillate between disgust and addiction. (medium.com)
- Around one in a hundred babies in Europe is born with disabilities caused by mothers consuming alcohol during pregnancy, Addiction Switzerland has warned. (swissinfo.ch)
- Up to 19% of women in Switzerland aged 15-45 drink too much alcohol at least once a month, the non-government Addiction Switzerland said in a statement. (swissinfo.ch)
- Although it couldn't give exact figures for how many babies are affected by their mother's alcohol consumption in Switzerland - reliable figures don't exist - Addiction Switzerland said that in Europe between five and 20 newborns out of 10,000 are estimated to suffer from Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), the most severe form of FASD. (swissinfo.ch)
- It is not clear how much alcohol causes harm, but Addiction Switzerland recommends giving up drinking completely during pregnancy. (swissinfo.ch)
- Everyday around the world alcoholics attempt to quit drinking, with many succumbing to addiction once more. (bartleby.com)
- Fierce desire for alcohol in the upon waking additionally gives an idea about the level of addiction. (dailystrength.org)
- 2O Good Reasons To Quit Drinking Alcohol Now are heading in the direction of alcohol addiction if people believe negative about you because of your drinking habits. (dailystrength.org)
- UNION, NJ / ACCESSWIRE / April 8, 2017 / The decision to stop drinking alcohol can be a huge step in your life, especially if you have an addiction to it. (yahoo.com)
- Alcoholism takes a toll on a person's body, but the sooner you quit drinking, the better your chances of regaining good health, says the alcohol addiction experts at Summit Behavioral Health. (yahoo.com)
- Seeking help from an alcohol addiction rehab will help ease your transition into recovery and treat any underlying conditions you may have. (yahoo.com)
- Anderson P. WHO Reports 3 Million Alcohol-Related Deaths in 2016. (medscape.com)
- According to a 2016 meta-analysis of 87 studies linking alcohol consumption and longevity, casual drinking may be an indicator of other lifestyle factors related to good health rather than a cause. (livescience.com)
- The LRDG Communications Toolkit aims at increasing awareness and starting public discussions about drinking in moderation. (ccsa.ca)
- The communications toolkit provides the resources necessary to share the important messages about drinking in moderation through numerous platforms. (ccsa.ca)
- The operative word here is drinking in moderation. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Implications of these findings may be that, if moderation of alcohol consumption in certain groups is strived for, it may be sensible to cut down on the portrayal of alcohol in programmes aimed at these groups and the commercials shown in between," Rutger Engels and colleagues wrote. (france24.com)
- Good news for cocktail lovers: Despite alcohol's reputation as a brain-cell assassin, new research suggests that drinking daily in moderation after age 60 may actually help preserve your memory. (yahoo.com)
- While we should be concerned by the rise in alcohol related-deaths, it's important to remember that overall alcohol consumption has been falling now for several years, suggesting Government efforts to combat alcohol misuse should be focused on the minority of people who drink excessively, not the vast majority who enjoy a drink in moderation. (bbc.co.uk)
- If you drink alcohol, it is best to do so in moderation. (medlineplus.gov)
- Moderation means the drinking is not getting you intoxicated (or drunk) and you are drinking no more than 1 drink per day if you are a woman and no more than 2 if you are a man. (medlineplus.gov)
- So drink with caution, drink slowly, and drink in moderation. (mnn.com)
- Drinking alcohol in moderation may help to reduce stress but its effects on clinical depression are unknown. (healthyplace.com)
- Dr Carole Hart, research fellow in public health and health policy at the University of Glasgow, commented: 'This research illustrates the long-term impact that alcohol can have on health and health services and reinforces the case for moderation when it comes to alcohol consumption. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- The results should also serve as a reminder to drink in moderation. (reuters.com)
- A study of 47,520 people from Britain, Finland and France found those who drank alcohol in moderation were less likely than teetotallers to take sickness absence for a range of illnesses. (www.nhs.uk)
- Canada's Low-Risk Alcohol Drinking Guidelines help Canadians moderate their alcohol consumption and reduce their immediate and long-term alcohol-related harm. (ccsa.ca)
- A team of independent Canadian and international experts developed Canada's Low-Risk Alcohol Drinking Guidelines on behalf of the National Alcohol Strategy Advisory Committee (NASAC). (ccsa.ca)
- In addition to the LRDG Communications Toolkit, see our featured publications sidebar for materials you can use to support awareness campaigns in your community for Canada's Low-Risk Alcohol Drinking Guidelines. (ccsa.ca)
- Please read Canada's Low-Risk Alcohol Drinking Guidelines from the Canadian Centre on Substance Abuse for more information. (healthlinkbc.ca)
- Poznyak V, Rekve D. Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. (medscape.com)
- Available at http://www.who.int/substance_abuse/publications/global_alcohol_report/gsr_2018/en/ . (medscape.com)
- The tax break, for 2018 and 2019, would save alcohol producers $4.2 billion, according to the Joint Committee on Taxation. (rollcall.com)
- They are informed by the technical report, Alcohol and Health in Canada: A Summary of Evidence and Guidelines for Low Risk Drinking . (ccsa.ca)
- Also, view the Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral online resource to guide health professionals in detecting and addressing harmful alcohol consumption among patients. (ccsa.ca)
- Studies show, for example, that health benefits only come with moderate drinking and are greatest for older men. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- What are some of the other health benefits associated with moderate drinking? (medicalnewstoday.com)
- A wide variety of health effects have been attributed to moderate drinking. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- We constantly recommend that people not consume more than one drink a day," she told Yahoo Health. (yahoo.com)
- Heavy drinking can put you at risk for health problems such as heart disease, stroke, liver disease, sleep problems, and some types of cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
- But if alcohol is in any way causing trouble with your family, social life, job, or your own physical or mental health, it's time to take control. (healthline.com)
- The Department of Health in England is launching a new television advert today to warn of the hidden damage from alcohol. (bbc.co.uk)
- A recent report by the Commons health select committee called for a minimum price per unit of alcohol. (bbc.co.uk)
- Despite increased investment in public health campaigns to address problem drinking and the harmful effects of alcohol, deaths from alcohol abuse have more than doubled in the last 16 years and are still rising. (bbc.co.uk)
- In fact, the World Health Organization (WHO) report that alcohol is a contributor to 'more than 200 health conditions' and causes around 3.3 million deaths across the globe each year. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The data on the effects of alcohol on the glymphatic system,' explains Dr. Nedergaard, 'seemingly matches the J-shaped model relating to the dose effects of alcohol on general health and mortality, whereby low doses of alcohol are beneficial, while excessive consumption is detrimental to overall health. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- in this study we have shown for the first time that low doses of alcohol are potentially beneficial to brain health, namely it improves the brain's ability to remove waste. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Specifically, low doses of alcohol appear to improve overall brain health. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Alcohol is metabolized by four primary enzymes: aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), cytochrome P450 and catalase, according to a 2006 report by Samir Zakhari, the former director of the Division of Metabolism and Health Effects at the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. (livescience.com)
- If you are taking medicines, including over-the-counter drugs, check with your health care provider before drinking alcohol. (medlineplus.gov)
- Alcohol and/or drug abuse are sometimes present simultaneously with other mental health issues such as depression , and therefore it is important to see a mental health provider for a comprehensive assessment if you or someone you know believes you may have a problem with alcohol. (wikihow.com)
- Your body weight, ratio of muscle and fat, health status and even your genetic makeup will affect how much alcohol enters your bloodstream. (mercola.com)
- Find out about the serious health problems that could arise if a woman regularly drinks more than two to three units of alcohol a day. (nationalarchives.gov.uk)
- Find out about the health problems that could arise if men regularly drink more than four units of alcohol a day. (nationalarchives.gov.uk)
- Each year, college drinking contributes to an estimated 1,400 student deaths, 500,000 injuries, and 70,000 cases of sexual assault or date rape, according to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, a part of the federal National Institutes of Health. (go.com)
- That's part of the message of the Scottish government's Drop a Glass Size Campaign , which specifically "encourages women to think about the health effects of regularly drinking above the recommended alcohol guidelines. (cnn.com)
- Alcohol use during the teenage years is related to a wide range of health and social problems. (www.nhs.uk)
- Drinking alcohol can damage a child's health, even if they're 15 or older. (www.nhs.uk)
- If you are aware of the adverse effects of alcohol on your family, health and wellness, and work or personal life, and still cannot quit consuming it, you are getting highly addicted to it. (dailystrength.org)
- Chick J. Can light or moderate drinking benefit mental health? (healthyplace.com)
- In the first study, adolescent health experts Phyllis Ellickson and Rebecca Collins tracked exposure to beer ads and subsequent drinking among more than 3,000 students as they moved from middle school to high school. (rand.org)
- The public health effect of this study gives a clear message about the possible dangers of drinking alcohol," the authors write. (eurekalert.org)
- The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration encourages parents to talk to their children about alcohol when the kids are as young as 9. (ajc.com)
- The benefits to heart health of moderate drinking are already well known. (wsj.com)
- Drinking too much alcohol can harm your health. (cdc.gov)
- Excessive alcohol use has immediate effects that increase the risk of many harmful health conditions. (cdc.gov)
- For most adults, moderate drinking doesn't cause any serious health problems. (healthfinder.gov)
- You can improve your health by drinking less or not drinking at all. (healthfinder.gov)
- Under the Affordable Care Act , the health care reform law passed in 2010, health care plans must cover screening and counseling for alcohol misuse. (healthfinder.gov)
- Washington (CNN) -- The U.S. Food and Drug Administration told the manufacturers of seven caffeinated alcoholic beverages Wednesday that their drinks are a 'public health concern' and can't stay on the market in their current form. (cnn.com)
- To the contrary, there is evidence that the combinations of caffeine and alcohol in these products pose a public health concern. (cnn.com)
- However, in March eight organisations pulled out of the Coalition's Public Health Responsibility Deal - including Alcohol Concern, the Institute of Alcohol Studies and the British Liver Trust. (telegraph.co.uk)
- They wrote to Andrew Lansley, the Health Secretary, saying the deal on alcohol - which includes voluntary agreements with industry - would not help reduce illness or deaths. (telegraph.co.uk)
- It includes health academics, representatives of the drinks trade and organisations with an interest in the harm caused to society and individuals by alcohol. (telegraph.co.uk)
- Recent headlines touted a link between daily alcohol consumption and a nearly 20-percent decrease in mortality risk - but those findings may be clouding the true relationship between alcohol and good health. (livescience.com)
- While a study of senior citizens did find a correlation between drinking two alcoholic beverages a day and increased longevity, the underlying reasons for this association aren't clear - and are likely not sufficient reason to celebrate booze as a health tonic, other research suggests. (livescience.com)
- The initial participants answered questions about their health, hobbies and drinking habits involving alcohol, among other things. (livescience.com)
- Kawas' disclaimer echoes mounting research that suggests that the more alcohol a person drinks, the more likely that person is to experience adverse health effects. (livescience.com)
- Older individuals who abstain from drinking might do so because of existing health issues, the study said, or because they had problems with excessive drinking in the past. (livescience.com)
- In other words, if a person is still drinking at age 90, their health is likely good enough for them to do so. (livescience.com)
- Because it's so hard to tease out cause and effect in studies like these, it's too soon to say whether moderate drinking is indeed a health benefit, a risk or neither. (livescience.com)
- The percentage of the various drinking behaviors decreased as social norms discouraging drinking increased, said Benjamin C. Amick, Ph.D., of the Institute for Work and Health here and the University of Texas, Houston. (medpagetoday.com)
- But public health experts cited potential harm from greater alcohol use and cast doubt on the economic effects. (rollcall.com)
- The CDC estimates that in 2010, excessive drinking resulted in economic losses of $249 billion from lost workplace productivity and health care expenses. (rollcall.com)
- Men who drank 22 or more units per week had more admissions for respiratory illness, stroke and mental health problems. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- With the economic crisis, many European countries have introduced punitive taxes and minimum pricing policies to curb excessive alcohol consumption and their related costs: ill-health, road accidents, and sometimes death. (euractiv.com)
- At the European level, the European Commission's informal alcohol strategy, launched in 2006, aims to reduce the health and social harm caused by excessive alcohol consumption, especially among young people. (euractiv.com)
- In fact, the harm caused by inappropriate alcohol consumption is higher in Scandinavia than in the Mediterranean, although southern Europeans consume more alcohol on average, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) than their Scandinavian counterparts. (euractiv.com)
- Worldwide, some 2.5 million people die each year from the harmful use of alcohol, accounting for about 3.8 percent of all deaths, according to the World Health Organisation. (huffingtonpost.com)
- Reuters Health) - Drinking more coffee might help reduce the kind of liver damage that's associated with overindulging in food and alcohol, a review of existing studies suggests. (reuters.com)
- Drinking at a younger age can affect a young person's general health, physical growth, emotional development, ability to make good decisions, and schoolwork. (healthlinkbc.ca)
- You have health problems made worse by drinking, such as liver problems, heart failure, uncontrolled high blood pressure, or certain blood disorders. (healthlinkbc.ca)
- You have a mental health problem and are using alcohol to try to make yourself feel better. (healthlinkbc.ca)
- What are the health benefits of drinking alcohol? (healthlinkbc.ca)
- But these possible health benefits decline with each additional drink that you have. (healthlinkbc.ca)
- Research also shows that any amount of alcohol can increase your risk of other health problems, such as some cancers. (healthlinkbc.ca)
- If you don't drink now, don't start drinking to lower your risk of these health problems. (healthlinkbc.ca)
- In the long term this pattern of alcohol use may affect your mental health. (drinkaware.co.uk)
- Over-time this may negatively affect your mental health, resulting in heightened levels of anxiety and depression after drinking. (drinkaware.co.uk)
- Unhealthy alcohol use affects the nation's health in countless ways. (rand.org)
- Alcohol kills one person every 10 seconds worldwide, according to the World Health Organization. (audible.com)
- So, we have a situation where we understand the cost to the health services of excess alcohol consumption, but we do not understand the affective costs of alcohol consumption. (timesofmalta.com)
- This new study highlights the fact that alcohol has complex physiological effects that result in both higher and lower cardiovascular risk depending on the amount of alcohol consumed, drinking frequency, and what aspect of heart health is being measured. (psychcentral.com)
- Heavy drinking is defined as consuming 15 or more drinks per week for men and more than eight drinks per week for women, according to the 2015 Dietary Guidelines for Americans published by the U.S. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (psychcentral.com)
- Harmful and underage college drinking are significant public health problems, and they exact an enormous toll on the intellectual and social lives of students on campuses across the United States. (nih.gov)
- Alcohol, which causes 88,000 deaths a year in the USA, is a similarly grave public health concern. (greenbaypressgazette.com)
- Jernigan, a professor at Boston University's school of public health who has specialized in alcohol research for 30 years, says he doesn't drink because "I like to keep my wits about me. (greenbaypressgazette.com)
- David Jernigan is a professor at Boston University's school of public health who has studied alcohol for about 30 years. (greenbaypressgazette.com)
- Alcohol abuse (305.00) is a continuous pattern of drinking that ends up harming your health, personal relationships or even being to work. (bartleby.com)
- Teenage alcohol abuse is one of the major problems that affect academic performance, cause health problems and is responsible for the death of teenage drivers and sometime their passengers. (bartleby.com)
- And alcohol conveys health benefits. (psychologytoday.com)
- People who have recently begun an attempt to quit smoking tobacco are more likely to try to drink less alcohol than other smokers, according to research published in the open access journal BMC Public Health . (biomedcentral.com)
- Such as the diagnosis of a health problem causing attempts to cut down on both drinking and smoking. (biomedcentral.com)
- The Smoking Toolkit Study and the Alcohol Toolkit Study are primarily funded by Cancer Research UK and the NIHR School for Public Health Research respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
- Reuters Health - People with blood alcohol levels below the legal cutoff for being considered drunk may still be unsafe drivers if they're also sleep deprived, a small experiment suggests. (reuters.com)
- On any given day in America, roughly 1.4 million college students between the ages of 18 and 22 - or more than 1 out of every 8 American undergrads - will drink alcohol, according to new data from the federal Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. (washingtonpost.com)
- If you are aware of the negative effects of alcohol on your work, health and wellness, and family or private life, and still aren't able to quit drinking it, you are becoming heavily addicted to it. (dailystrength.org)
- As long as you drink responsibly, social drinking might even have some health benefits. (livestrong.com)
- One obvious explanation may be that people with some health problems avoid alcohol because it makes their condition worse, or because they're on treatments that can't be taken with alcohol. (www.nhs.uk)
- The study also found that people who didn't drink alcohol at all were more likely to be from poorer backgrounds, which can increase people's chances of ill health. (www.nhs.uk)
- Each of these provided information about people's alcohol consumption at 2 time points, and about their health-related absences from work in a follow-up period. (www.nhs.uk)
- However, by quitting drinking, you can reverse many of those symptoms and reestablish good health. (yahoo.com)
- Drinking while taking pain relievers may increase your risk of liver problems, stomach bleeding, or other problems. (medlineplus.gov)
- Your liver can only metabolize and process so much alcohol in an hour's time. (healthline.com)
- Because the liver metabolizes both alcohol and many medications (including laxatives), drinking alcohol and taking medications could impact how effective medicines may be. (healthline.com)
- Everything you consume gets filtered through your liver, where enzymes break down what you ate or drank. (livescience.com)
- Alcohol that doesn't get broken down in your liver then enters your bloodstream and travels throughout your body. (livescience.com)
- As time passes and your blood recirculates through your liver, alcohol continues to get broken down until it is cleared from your system and you sober up. (livescience.com)
- Alcohol stays in your bloodstream until it is broken down by the liver. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you drink alcohol faster than the liver can break it down, this level rises. (medlineplus.gov)
- The only way to even PARTIALLY protect your stomach, liver, and brain from alcohol consumption is to consume lots of saturated fat and protein before imbibing. (yahoo.com)
- Don't indulge too often, as drinking is hard on your liver and kidneys, no matter what you do. (yahoo.com)
- Many people know that heavy drinking can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and is a leading cause of automobile accidents. (medicinenet.com)
- Excessive alcohol use can affect the hematologic system, which is made up of the blood, spleen, bone marrow, and the liver. (medicinenet.com)
- Alcohol causes inflammation of the liver, and chronic drinking can cause scarring of liver tissue that leads to cirrhosis, a potentially fatal condition where the liver is so scarred it can no longer function. (medicinenet.com)
- After years of drinking too much, Andy Ball was diagnosed with the liver disease cirrhosis. (nationalarchives.gov.uk)
- Consultant hepatologist Mark Wright describes liver disease and explains how not drinking alcohol can help. (nationalarchives.gov.uk)
- Experts writing in The Lancet journal in February said up to 210,000 people in England and Wales will be killed prematurely by alcohol in the next 20 years, with a third of those preventable deaths due to liver disease alone. (huffingtonpost.com)
- Most isopropyl alcohol is oxidized in the liver by alcohol dehydrogenase to acetone, which is probably further metabolized to acetate, formate, and finally carbon dioxide. (sourcewatch.org)
- It can be caused by hepatitis infections, excessive alcohol consumption, immune disorders, and fatty liver disease, which is tied to obesity and diabetes. (reuters.com)
- Alcohol-induced folate deficiency may also be related to certain cancers, especially of the breast and colon, and to liver damage. (livestrong.com)
- Alcohol can harm the developing baby (fetus). (healthlinkbc.ca)
- In total, alcohol-related harm is estimated to cost NHS England alone about £3.5 billion every year . (timesofmalta.com)
- But this study suggests that the key may simply be to avoid abusing alcohol - at least when it comes to preserving your memory. (yahoo.com)
- Has new alcohol law changed drinking habits? (bbc.co.uk)
- Media caption Have drinking habits changed? (bbc.co.uk)
- Ministers are hopeful that new statistics will show Scotland's drinking habits have changed after a new law pushed up the price of cheap, high-strength alcohol. (bbc.co.uk)
- Anecdotally I'm hearing from a number of people who have changed their drinking habits and there's some anecdotal evidence to suggest that when the evidence comes out in June, it will be positive. (bbc.co.uk)
- He supports minimum unit pricing but it has had little effect on his drinking habits. (bbc.co.uk)
- Somewhere early in this process, you will be asked questions about your drinking habits. (wikihow.com)
- Men and women can use the app by uploading or taking photos of themselves and entering data about their drinking habits. (cnn.com)
- Scientists claim to have discovered a potential link between teenagers' drinking habits and their exposure to alcohol while in their mother's womb. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- Learn new skills to help you change your drinking habits. (healthfinder.gov)
- The study looked at the drinking habits and HRT use of more than 5,000 Danish women for 20 years. (breastcancer.org)
- Read our alcohol and depression guide to learn how alcohol can worsen symptoms of depression, and in some cases cause them, and how changing your drinking habits can help. (drinkaware.co.uk)
- Cite this: Alcohol Use for Sleep Strongly Linked to Hazardous vs Moderate Drinking - Medscape - Feb 18, 2019. (medscape.com)
- HealthDay News -- Adolescents who collect and brandish promotional hats, shirts, bags and other merchandise displaying popular alcohol logos are far more likely to start drinking while still underage, according to a new study. (redorbit.com)
- David Jernigan, research director at the Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., echoes the sentiment that the alcohol industry must take responsibility for its influence on underage drinking. (redorbit.com)
- However, if children do drink alcohol underage, it shouldn't be until they are at least 15. (www.nhs.uk)
- Everyone knows the legal drinking age is 21, but Georgia is one of 45 states that has an exception to allow for underage consumption in some circumstances. (ajc.com)
- Any smell of alcohol on an underage driver behind the wheel, you go to jail," said William C. Head, an Atlanta attorney who has represented more than 4,500 defendants in criminal cases involving alcohol, including DUIs. (ajc.com)
- Research has shown that underage drinking can have a long-term impact on the brain , which hasn't fully developed until a person is well into their 20s or even 30s. (ajc.com)
- The controversy exploded in October, when nine underage students at Central Washington University were hospitalized after drinking Four Loko, both on its own and mixed with other drinks, police reported. (cnn.com)
- Alcohol (chemical name ethyl alcohol or ethanol) is a liquid made from sugars by the action of yeast. (healthyplace.com)
- Within the context of 'at risk' adolescents, prior exposure to ethanol may, among other things, worsen the consequences of alcohol-related social interaction by increasing teenagers' propensity to engage in such settings,' he added. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- Traditionally, prenatal ethanol exposure (PrEE) from maternal consumption of alcohol, was thought to solely impact directly exposed offspring, the embryo or fetus in the womb. (eurekalert.org)
- If those figures were included, data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggest alcohol-related deaths would be closer to 90,000. (mercola.com)
- According to a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention , 4,300 deaths of minors each year are attributed to excessive drinking, and alcohol was linked to 189,000 trips to the emergency room for people under the age of 21 in 2010. (ajc.com)
- The most recent data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on alcohol -related deaths come from 2006 to 2010, when each year on average there were 88,000 deaths from alcohol poisoning, traffic accidents or consumption-related chronic conditions. (rollcall.com)
- Fetal alcohol syndrome disorders can leave children with abnormal facial features, stunted heights, low body weight, smaller heads, bad coordination, hyperactivity, poor memory, learning disabilities and more, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (miamiherald.com)
- According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a 10 percent increase in taxes leads to a 5 to 8 percent decline in drinking. (greenbaypressgazette.com)
- Other types of medications, such as naltrexone, may be helpful for some alcoholics to block the urge to start drinking. (healthline.com)
- If you drink too often or too much, have a beer at every game or a glass of wine with every meal, chances are higher you're contributing to the next generation of alcoholics. (mnn.com)
- Alcoholics and people who have other problems with alcohol use often suffer from depression. (healthyplace.com)
- Most people who drink excessively are not alcoholics or alcohol dependent. (cdc.gov)
- Alcoholics will go through withdrawal when they stop drinking. (healthyplace.com)
- All alcoholics should get help to stop drinking from their doctor to see if they are at risk for severe withdrawal known as delirium tremens, or the DTs. (healthyplace.com)
- Many alcoholics drink in response to stress and when they stop drinking, their way of dealing with stress is gone. (healthyplace.com)
- When alcoholics do attempt to quit drinking alcohol, they go through various withdrawal symptoms that complicates the road to sobriety. (bartleby.com)
- I can't deal with people who despise alcohol, who feel that they must repudiate it, argue it's a poison, or believe that people who drink daily are ipso facto alcoholics. (psychologytoday.com)
- Talk to your child about the dangers of alcohol before they start drinking. (www.nhs.uk)
- When the effects of alcohol wear off, you have symptoms of withdrawal. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you have withdrawal symptoms from alcohol, you may feel more sensitive to pain. (medlineplus.gov)
- You might not be dependent on alcohol to the point where you experience withdrawal symptoms if you go a day without drinking. (healthline.com)
- A stay at an in-patient drug-and-alcohol rehabilitation center may be in order, particularly if you suffer from serious withdrawal symptoms. (healthline.com)
- This can lead to symptoms like bloating and constipation, according to an article in the journal Alcohol Research . (healthline.com)
- However, other studies haven't identified a link between alcohol and IBD symptoms. (healthline.com)
- He reported that his symptoms began within 12 hours of drinking pruno. (cdc.gov)
- Of the 13 inmates who reported drinking pruno, eight met the case definition by having signs or symptoms compatible with botulism. (cdc.gov)
- You can have symptoms of being drunk at blood alcohol levels below the legal definition of being drunk. (medlineplus.gov)
- Also, people who drink alcohol frequently may not have symptoms until a higher blood alcohol level is reached. (medlineplus.gov)
- Heavy drinking can affects areas of the brain and can lead to memory loss and some symptoms of dementia. (medicinenet.com)
- In addition, heavy drinking may result in nutritional deficiencies which can also result in dementia symptoms. (medicinenet.com)
- If you already have gout, drinking alcohol may worsen your symptoms. (medicinenet.com)
- Depending on your weight, height, metabolism and other biological factors, you may need to drink more or less water in order to fend off the symptoms of dehydration. (wikihow.com)
- Alcohol withdrawal can include symptoms like headache, shaking, anxiety and other problematic symptoms. (healthyplace.com)
- While withdrawal starts within hours of when an alcoholic stops drinking, the withdrawal symptoms themselves may be at their worst in a day or two and then start to improve in five days. (healthyplace.com)
- Patient questions concerned demographics, alcohol drinking, cardinal symptoms of alcohol use disorders, sleep quality, insomnia , sleep apnea, and symptoms of restless legs syndrome . (medscape.com)
- Drinking status was not associated with any measure of insomnia, overall sleep quality, or symptoms of restless legs syndrome, based on multivariate analyses. (medscape.com)
- You can begin to experience alcohol withdrawal symptoms similar to feelings people who are dependent on alcohol may have. (drinkaware.co.uk)
- But if anxiety is already an issue for you, experiencing withdrawal from alcohol can make your symptoms feel worse. (drinkaware.co.uk)
- What are the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal? (drinkaware.co.uk)
- Drinking heavily and regularly is associated with symptoms of depression, although it can be difficult to disentangle cause and effect when the two go together. (drinkaware.co.uk)
- To help prevent your symptoms returning, if you decide to resume drinking alcohol in the future, make sure you stick within the UK Chief Medical Officers' low risk drinking guidelines: Don't drink more than 14 units a week (that goes for both men and women), have several alcohol-free nights each week and avoid binge drinking. (drinkaware.co.uk)
- If you're still experiencing the symptoms of feeling depressed four weeks after cutting out alcohol, the Royal College of Psychiatrists advises that you talk to your GP. (drinkaware.co.uk)
- The symptoms will start as soon as six hours after your last drink. (yahoo.com)
- If you abuse alcohol, you can take control of the problem. (healthline.com)
- Individual, couples, or family therapy may also be helpful to deal with alcohol abuse, as well as other personal problems. (healthline.com)
- You may need treatment for this other disorder as well as treatment for alcohol abuse. (wikihow.com)
- This abuse of alcohol can cause alcohol dementia, which results in poor judgment and difficulty in decision-making. (medicinenet.com)
- Alcohol abuse and depression are often associated. (medicinenet.com)
- The combination of alcohol being toxic to nerve cells, combined with the poor nutrition that often accompanies alcohol abuse is believed to cause this condition. (medicinenet.com)
- Drinking problem in academia: Alcohol abuse among faculty members. (slate.com)
- Indeed, if it's mentioned at all, it's heralded as an inextricable virtue of the Life of the Mind: alcohol use-and abuse-among faculty. (slate.com)
- There are some occurrences which take place due to alcohol consumption that connect to violence, like street-fights and physical abuse in the home. (dailystrength.org)
- Such sort of detrimental aspects are also signals that relate to alcohol abuse. (dailystrength.org)
- These results highlight an important relationship between foetal and adolescent experiences that appears essential to the progressive development of alcohol abuse,' Professor Steven Youngentob, from the State University of New York Upstate Medical University, said. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- Peterson K. Biomarkers for alcohol use and abuse. (medscape.com)
- A long-term follow-up of male alcohol abuse. (medscape.com)
- Ault, A. Proven Screening Tool for Alcohol Abuse Underutilized. (medscape.com)
- In opposition David Cameron talked tough on alcohol abuse, and the Conservatives' manifesto said the party would ban off-licences and supermarkets from selling alcohol below cost price. (telegraph.co.uk)
- LONDON (Reuters) - Scientists have unpicked the brain processes involved in teenage alcohol abuse and say their findings help explain why some young people have more of a tendency to binge drink. (huffingtonpost.com)
- Recent studies also carried out by scientists at the IoP have found that RASGRF-2 is a risk gene for alcohol abuse, but until now the mechanism involved in the process was not clear. (huffingtonpost.com)
- While there is always the possibility that other methods of misuse or abuse could emerge, and of course the product should be regulated and kept away from kids like all alcohol, there is currently not enough evidence to suggest that powdered alcohol is more dangerous or more likely to be abused than liquid alcohol. (rand.org)
- Ron Byrd remembers losing his daughter Erika to complications of alcohol abuse, despite he and his wife June's best efforts. (greenbaypressgazette.com)
- Alcohol abuse can cause wrecks, smoking can cause many different cancers. (bartleby.com)
- Alcohol abuse adds to failure to report to work or be able to do your specific duties or responsibilities that need to be performed even at school, or home. (bartleby.com)
- Teenage drug and alcohol abuse can come from a number of different factors such as emotional disorders, stress, social events and other adolescent pressures. (bartleby.com)
- There are some episodes which occur because of alcohol consumption that relate to violence, like bar brawling and physical abuse in the home. (dailystrength.org)
- Such sort of detrimental elements are also signs that identify with alcohol abuse. (dailystrength.org)
- Depending on the severity of your alcohol abuse, you make be shaky and dizzy. (yahoo.com)
- HealthDay News -- Magazine and supermarket ads featuring alcohol, as well as beer concession stands at sports and music events, have an especially powerful impact in spurring teens to start drinking or increase the amount they drink, a new study suggests. (redorbit.com)
- A second report from the ONS published today suggests that most drinking takes place at home, rather than in pubs or bars. (bbc.co.uk)
- In fact, some will even buy the booze, on the theory that a little tippling makes for a happier employee-and maybe, too, as a new study suggests, a more creative one. (go.com)
- Research suggests that children are less likely to drink alcohol when their parents show that they don't agree with it. (www.nhs.uk)
- This study suggests that, unlike the associations with cardiovascular disease, alcohol consumption does not have any protective effect on brain volume. (eurekalert.org)
- But here's the thing: new research suggests that what's long been considered a healthy approach to drinking (2 drinks a day for men, 1 a day for women) is now under fire. (menshealth.com)
- If you are frightened of showing your loving for alcohol to people and hide it in places like the car or truck, personal cupboard, bathroom, and the like, it too suggests that you are getting dependent to it. (dailystrength.org)
- This is in spite of the fact that the legal drinking age is 21 years old in the United States. (medlineplus.gov)
- Once someone realizes they have a drinking problem, their next thought is often, "how to stop drinking alcohol. (healthyplace.com)
- Answering "how to stop drinking alcohol," begins with the commitment and the desire to quit. (healthyplace.com)
- Drawing on scientific evidence as well as his own experience of becoming sober, YouTuber Leon Sylvester lays out eight things that are likely to happen when you stop drinking alcohol - the good and the bad. (menshealth.com)
- Regularly drinking just above recommended levels can be harmful. (nationalarchives.gov.uk)
- We're making alcohol use more acceptable when it's more harmful. (denverpost.com)
- When the breastfeeding mother drinks occasionally or limits her consumption to one drink or less per day, the amount of alcohol her baby receives has not been proven to be harmful. (llli.org)
- Everyone, whether the NHS and public services or alcohol retailers, producers and pubs, has a role to play in reducing the harmful use of alcohol. (telegraph.co.uk)
- Hazardous and harmful drinking and sleep problems are common, but their associations among patients seen in primary care have not been examined," write Daniel C. Vinson, MD, MSPH, from the Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Missouri in Columbia, and colleagues. (medscape.com)
- Binge drinking, for example, means you drink four or five alcoholic drinks in a row. (healthline.com)
- Heavy drinking and binge drinking can cause heart disease or stroke. (medicinenet.com)
- Heavy or binge drinking, or alcohol withdrawal can lead to a form of epilepsy called status epilepticus, or an acute, prolonged epileptic seizure, which is a life-threatening condition. (medicinenet.com)
- Even binge drinking on one day can affect your body's ability to fight off infection for up to 24 hours. (medicinenet.com)
- Binge drinking on college campuses is real, and depressing, and gross, and out of control. (slate.com)
- A drink-by-drink guide to the effects of binge drinking on your mind and body. (nationalarchives.gov.uk)
- She was found dead in a fraternity house on Labor Day weekend 2004 after a night of binge drinking. (go.com)
- A federal government study found that 48 percent of college-age kids engaged in binge drinking. (go.com)
- Excessive drinking includes binge drinking, heavy drinking, and any drinking by pregnant women or people younger than age 21. (cdc.gov)
- Binge drinking is bigger problem than previously thought. (medscape.com)
- Available at http://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2012/p0110_binge_drinking.html . (medscape.com)
- Binge drinking - defined as downing at least four drinks for women or five drinks for men within a few hours - is especially dangerous. (livescience.com)
- They worry it could be used for binge drinking, to snort to get intoxicated quickly, to spike a drink or to bring alcohol into venues where it is prohibited. (rand.org)
- States with more stringent alcohol control policies had lower rates of binge drinking, according to an analysis of state laws and taxes in 2014. (greenbaypressgazette.com)
- Binge drinking accounts for about half of all deaths attributable to alcohol, two-thirds of years of life lost and three-quarters of economic costs. (greenbaypressgazette.com)
- Those who partake will consume an average of about four drinks each - just below the five-drink threshold that defines binge drinking . (washingtonpost.com)
- What is Binge Drinking? (dailystrength.org)
- But that all changes when they go to college, where they "catch up to and pass their peers in binge drinking. (theatlantic.com)
- Well, to point out the obvious, binge drinking is a bit easier on a student schedule than on a working schedule, meaning that college students may favor partying on weekends over moderate daily drinking. (theatlantic.com)
- What doctors usually consider a drink is basically a medium glass of wine, a 1.5 oz shot of spirits, or a can or bottle of beer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- An experiment with students showed that volunteers exposed to a film and commercials where alcohol featured predominately drank an average one-and-a-half bottles of beer more during the hour they were watching. (france24.com)
- During the one-hour film in the laboratory fitted with leather couches and comfortable chairs, the students were also told they could drink as much beer and wine or soft drinks as they liked. (france24.com)
- The study of 3,111 South Dakota teens concluded that those who frequently saw prominent beer advertising displays in grocery and convenience stores were more likely to start drinking alcohol than teens who saw fewer of those kinds of advertising displays. (redorbit.com)
- Teens who had already tried drinking were more likely to increase their alcohol consumption by a greater amount the more they saw alcohol ads in magazines and the more they observed beer concessions stands at sporting and music events, the study said. (redorbit.com)
- In the United States many people who regularly drink beer in large quantities do not think of themselves as using alcohol. (encyclopedia.com)
- Anyways, anytime I take an SSRI, I can get a hangover from one beer let alone getting drunk. (drugs.com)
- A drink is defined as 12 fluid ounces (355 mL) of beer, 5 fluid ounces (148 mL) of wine, or 1½ fluid ounces (45 mL) of liquor. (medlineplus.gov)
- Fermented drinks and non-distilled alcoholic beverages (think beer, lager, cider, and wine) increase acid secretion in the stomach by stimulating gastrin secretion. (healthline.com)
- It was during those times that I may suggest having a beer to see if the alcohol would calm or relax the uterus," says Ross. (parents.com)
- Many side effects from alcohol consumption can be tied to its properties as a vasodilator (blood vessel widener), including the so-called "beer blanket" phenomenon. (livescience.com)
- Alcohol use involves drinking beer, wine, or hard liquor. (medlineplus.gov)
- Beer is about 5% alcohol, although some beers have more. (medlineplus.gov)
- A drink is defined as 12 ounces (350 milliliters) of beer, 5 ounces (150 milliliters) of wine, or 1.5 ounces (45 milliliters) of liquor. (medlineplus.gov)
- Drinking a lot of beer is like consuming lots of bread or other carbs. (yahoo.com)
- A page devoted to "drinking like a man" warns that men who have more than five drinks a day are twice as likely to die of a stroke, and that having a beer belly can increase your risk of cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, sleep apnea and cancer. (cnn.com)
- On a daily basis, it's more than two to three drinks (about a 175 ml glass of 13% wine) for women and three to four drinks (equivalent to a pint and a half of 4% beer) for men. (cnn.com)
- 1 unit of alcohol is about half a pint of normal-strength beer or a single measure (25ml) of spirits. (www.nhs.uk)
- However, if you're 16 or 17 and accompanied by an adult, you can drink (but not buy) beer, wine or cider with a meal. (www.nhs.uk)
- The products may be drunk in their original form (for example, beer and wines), or after strengthening (for example, sherry, port and spirits). (healthyplace.com)
- The studies reported here focused on beer advertisements because beer ads are more pervasive than those for other kinds of alcohol and the ads are more likely to appear where young people might see them. (rand.org)
- 12-ounces of beer (5% alcohol content). (cdc.gov)
- Kallman described Moonshot as a craft beer that has about 4 percent alcohol by weight, about two-thirds the caffeine of a cup of coffee and is sold in only three cities -- 'and yet it's being singled out with Four Loko and Joose. (cnn.com)
- Critics say drinks like Four Loko mix caffeine equal to the amount in three cups of coffee with the alcoholic equivalent of three cans of beer and are designed to appeal to younger consumers accustomed to consuming high-caffeine energy drinks. (cnn.com)
- Deaths linked to alcohol are significantly more common than drug overdose deaths, but lawmakers may promote more drinking through a two-year tax break for producers of beer, wine and spirits as part of the Senate's tax code overhaul. (rollcall.com)
- Those people in the Mediterranean who have a glass of wine at lunch and dinner, and spread that out through the week, they might drink more units of alcohol than someone who goes out on a Friday night in very cold Finland and has fifteen units of beer," Skehan said. (euractiv.com)
- All alcohol, including beer, wine, whiskey and other alcoholic beverages, can thin the blood and strip the mucosa from the lining of the esophagus. (livestrong.com)
- If you are put on a yeast-free diet, you should only drink domestic beer. (ehow.co.uk)
- Adding six ounces of water will create one drink that is 10 percent alcohol by volume, about the strength of a high-alcohol beer or a low-alcohol wine. (rand.org)
- All of which is to say: It is highly unlikely that powdered alcohol is about to shake up the U.S. market for beer, wine and spirits. (rand.org)
- A drink is one 12-ounce beer, four ounces of wine, one and a half ounces of 80-proof spirits, or one ounce of 100-proof spirits. (psychcentral.com)
- When at a party, a student sees another teenager drinking a beer. (bartleby.com)
- She also drank beer and ouzo. (psychologytoday.com)
- Root beer, orange, grape, and cherry soda, and various other fruit and herb-flavored soft drinks are used, but typically they have not been as popular as the drinks listed above. (wikipedia.org)
- A 21-year longitudinal analysis of the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on young adult drinking. (medscape.com)
- However, we now have evidence that the effects of prenatal alcohol exposure could persist transgenerationally and negatively impact the next-generations of offspring who were never exposed to alcohol," Huffman said. (eurekalert.org)
- If 15 to 17 year olds drink alcohol, they should never exceed the recommended adult weekly limit (14 units of alcohol). (www.nhs.uk)
- A small glass of wine equals 1.5 units of alcohol. (www.nhs.uk)
- Even just eight units of alcohol increased the risk of hospitalisation. (netdoctor.co.uk)
- The Role of Biomarkers in the Treatment of Alcohol Use Disorders. (medscape.com)
- I really started reviewing the literature and realized that we as obstetricians need to do a better job of counseling our patients and screening for this preventable condition, namely Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Spectrum Disorders. (acog.org)
- What's especially unfortunate about the hysteria is that, as politicians call for total bans on powdered alcohol, the real problem of alcohol use disorders remains widespread in the United States, and it is getting worse. (rand.org)
- It launched its information campaign on Wednesday, as September 9 is International Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) Awareness Day external link . (swissinfo.ch)
- Alcohol is a depressant. (drugs.com)
- Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant that has the power to depress something else - your bowel function. (healthline.com)
- Alcohol acts as a depressant to your central nervous system, which means when you drink it your brain cells communicate at a slower rate than normal. (mercola.com)
- Alcohol is a depressant: it alters the delicate balance of chemicals in your brain. (drinkaware.co.uk)
- Caffeine, a stimulant, masks some of the depressant effects of alcohol. (wikipedia.org)
- People who drank A+EDs to sober up were actually at an increased risk of experiencing alcohol-related injuries and harms," he said. (psychcentral.com)
- This study shows that promotional items are related to early onset drinking, and I think the responsible thing to do would be for these industries to quit distributing them," said Dr. James D. Sargent, study co-author from Dartmouth's department of pediatrics. (redorbit.com)
- If this is the case, you may be able to quit drinking on your own. (healthline.com)
- If you're addicted to alcohol, you'll likely need some help as you quit. (healthline.com)
- X Research source The available medications have been scientifically studied and proven to help people get through the most difficult times as they try to quit drinking. (wikihow.com)
- When mulling over how to quit drinking, it's important to consider the help needed to stop drinking safely. (healthyplace.com)
- One of the most common causes of relapse after a person has quit drinking is continuing the same lifestyle as before recovery. (healthyplace.com)
- If an alcoholic has the same behaviors, goes to the same places and sees the same people as he did before he quit drinking, it will feel natural for him to start drinking again in all those familiar patterns. (healthyplace.com)
- Additionally, once a person has quit drinking, a void appears in their life that alcohol used to fill. (healthyplace.com)
- There are 27 comments on the WikiHow story from Mar 25, 2013, titled How to Quit Drinking Alcohol . (topix.com)
- It may be that smokers choose to restrict their alcohol consumption when attempting to quit smoking to reduce the chance of relapse. (biomedcentral.com)
- If this is the case, smokers with higher alcohol consumption may need further encouragement to quit smoking. (biomedcentral.com)
- Further research is needed to disentangle whether attempts to quit smoking precede attempts to restrict alcohol consumption or vice versa. (biomedcentral.com)
- 1. Are recent attempts to quit smoking associated with reduced drinking in England? (biomedcentral.com)
- Below are some of the benefits you will experience when you quit drinking and the timeline they typically follow. (yahoo.com)
- In our study we tried to figure out the drinking pattern that's most closely tied to lower heart attack risk. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- What we found in a study of about 38,000 men was that the key factor wasn't what men were drinking, or frankly even so much how much they were drinking at a time, but how frequently they were drinking alcohol. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- According to a study, Dutch scientists have discovered that TV ads and movies that portray alcoholic drinks provoke an immediate desire to drink alcohol in viewers. (france24.com)
- This is the first experimental study to show a direct effect of exposure to alcohol portrayals on TV on viewers' immediate drinking behaviour," Engels said in a statement. (france24.com)
- The study found no evidence that television ads for alcohol products encouraged teens to start drinking, but that doesn't mean it has no long-term impact. (redorbit.com)
- In light of the apparent connection, the authors of the study recommended that the alcohol industry officially halt the practice of distributing and selling alcohol-related paraphernalia -- much as the tobacco industry did with tobacco-related items in 1998. (redorbit.com)
- According to the study authors, the alcohol industry currently spends more than $1 billion a year on all aspects of marketing -- a figure that includes expenditures for such youth-oriented promotional items as baseball caps, backpacks and t-shirts. (redorbit.com)
- The research team established that none of the children had ever had a drink at the onset of the study. (redorbit.com)
- Sargent said the alcohol industry should pick up on big tobacco's cue -- noting that he expects a larger national study of teens he is currently conducting to further underline the urgency for such action. (redorbit.com)
- In a mouse study, scientists from the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) in New York found that drinking the equivalent to around 2.5 alcoholic drinks per day could reduce brain inflammation . (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The new study provides further evidence of the potential brain benefits of moderate drinking, after finding that a couple of drinks every day could help to clear the brain of toxins. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- However, the team found that mice that were given 'low' doses of alcohol - which, in this study, was the equivalent of consuming around 2.5 alcohol beverages per day - not only demonstrated a reduction in brain inflammation, but their glymphatic function was also improved, compared with a control group that was not exposed to alcohol. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- A study of 550 people over 30 years finds that even moderate alcohol consumption is tied to raised risk of hippocampus degeneration and mental decline. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- It is the first research study to measure the influence of alcohol use in movies and, using data from more than 600 films and 5,000 students, found that movies play a significant role in an adolescent's decision to drink. (dartmouth.edu)
- James Sargent is lead author of a new study that identifies a correlation between exposure to alcohol use in movies and adolescent drinking. (dartmouth.edu)
- The regional study was published in the January issue of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol and the authors cite previous research that identified early initiation of alcohol use (before the age of 14) as one risk factor for problems with alcohol later in life. (dartmouth.edu)
- This study is aimed at the prevention of early alcohol use and our hope is that parents of young children become more aware that drinking in films is common and that seeing these depictions can lead to early experimentation with drinking. (dartmouth.edu)
- In his current study, his research team found that 92 percent of the films in a sample of 601 contemporary movies depicted the use of alcohol. (dartmouth.edu)
- The study showed that normal mice show no interest in alcohol and drink little or no alcohol when offered a free choice between a bottle of water and a bottle of diluted alcohol. (ucl.ac.uk)
- However, a 2013 study showed that many people who drink heavily develop depression. (medicinenet.com)
- According to one recent study, consumption of alcohol among women ages 18 to 24 increased by 33 percent in five years. (go.com)
- Data for this study came from three different questionnaires the students filled out: a baseline drinking survey at the start of grade 7, a survey about alcohol advertising and TV viewing at the end of grade 8, and a survey about past-year drinking at the end of grade 9. (rand.org)
- Because moderate drinking may have beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease and other diseases of ageing, the study results are "encouraging," the authors write. (bmj.com)
- But a new study of healthy women over 50 found that moderate alcohol consumption -- one or two drinks a day -- also can improve their response to insulin and reduce their blood levels of triglycerides, blood fats that. (wsj.com)
- Doll R, Peto R, Boreham J, Sutherland I. Mortality in relation to alcohol consumption: a prospective study among male British doctors. (medscape.com)
- Ruidavets JB, Ducimetiere P, Evans A, Montaye M, Haas B, Bingham A. Patterns of alcohol consumption and ischaemic heart disease in culturally divergent countries: the Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME). (medscape.com)
- If in 1981 you were using alcohol, compared to people your same age who weren't using alcohol, you lived longer," Dr. Claudia Kawas, a professor of neurology and neurobiology at the University of California, Irvine, and one of the co-principal investigators for The 90+ Study, said at an American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) conference on Saturday (Feb. 17). (livescience.com)
- Moderate and hazardous drinking were associated with few sleep problems," the study authors write. (medscape.com)
- This analysis was part of the Worksite Alcohol Study phase II conducted in 1994. (medpagetoday.com)
- To extend the generalizations of previous social-norms research, this study was conducted in a wide range of organizations with different dominant occupations and managerial attitudes toward drinking. (medpagetoday.com)
- A large study combined the two by looking at how drinking alcohol while taking HRT affected breast cancer risk. (breastcancer.org)
- According to this study, there appears to be an association between regularly drinking alcohol while taking HRT and increased breast cancer risk. (breastcancer.org)
- A study published in the Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) journal found that a gene known as RASGRF-2 plays a crucial role in controlling how alcohol stimulates the brain to release dopamine, triggering feelings of reward. (huffingtonpost.com)
- For this study, scientists initially looked at mice who had been modified to have the RASGRF2 gene removed, to see how they reacted to alcohol. (huffingtonpost.com)
- What this is saying is, if you're really concerned about your longevity, don't have more than a drink a day," David Jernigan, an alcohol researcher at Johns Hopkins University who was not involved in the study, told the AP . (medicinenet.com)
- Our study is the first to show that people's motivations for mixing A+EDs can help to predict whether or not they experience negative outcomes like aggression and violence, alcohol-related injury, and can also indicate their risk for AD," said Droste. (psychcentral.com)
- This study is unique because it is the first to link the distinctive motives for combined A+ED use with negative outcomes and increased alcohol consumption. (psychcentral.com)
- Mothers who drink alcohol during lactation could be affecting their breastfed baby's cognitive abilities, according to a new study published by the American Academy of Pediatrics. (thestar.com)
- The study found that when infants were exposed to alcohol through their mother's breast milk, the child had a dose-dependent reduction in his or her cognitive ability by ages 6 and 7. (thestar.com)
- Louisa Gibson, a co-author of the study, said that while she wasn't able to measure the cognitive reductions in a child once they reached 10 or 11 years old, that "doesn't mean that the child has grown out of it, or that the effects of the mother's alcohol consumption aren't there anymore. (thestar.com)
- Children exposed to alcohol in the womb exhibit changes in brain structure and metabolism that are visible using various imaging techniques, according to a new study. (sify.com)
- Citing a 2015 study about the effects of alcohol on the brain when we sleep, Leon explains that alcohol has been linked to low wave non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM delta power) sleep, which can mean waking up more often in the night. (menshealth.com)
- A study by a survey by the Independent Insurance Agents & Brokers of America (IIABA) and its local Trusted Choice member agencies discovered that one-third of homeowners do not think or do not know if they could be held responsible for an alcohol-related accident in their home. (insure.com)
- This study is part of an ongoing Smoking Toolkit Study and Alcohol Toolkit Study, designed to provide tracking information about smoking, alcohol consumption and related behaviors in England. (biomedcentral.com)
- The combined effects of alcohol and sleep deprivation lasted two to three hours, the study found. (reuters.com)
- When men were deprived of sleep and also given alcohol, they were most impaired about 90 minutes after they drank, the study team reports in Human Psychopharmacology. (reuters.com)
- Even so, the findings suggest that people who no longer feel "buzzed" from drinking may still be unsafe behind the wheel, said Russell Griffin, a researcher at the University of Alabama at Birmingham who wasn't involved in the study. (reuters.com)
- According to the ongoing Monitoring the Future study run by the University of Michigan, alcohol consumption rates for college students have been decreasing slowly but steadily for the past three decades. (theatlantic.com)
- In fact, the only area in which non-students out-drink students, the study authors point out, is in daily drinking (although that accounts for a pretty small portion of respondents in both groups). (theatlantic.com)
- This type of study is useful for looking at links between factors - such as between alcohol consumption and sickness absence - but can't tell us whether one factor causes the other. (www.nhs.uk)
- Alcohol-related deaths reached a 35-year high in 2014, when more than 30,700 Americans died from such causes as alcohol poisonings and cirrhosis. (mercola.com)
- And, while the studies accounted for alcohol consumption, not all them accounted for other cirrhosis risk factors like obesity and diabetes, the authors note in the journal Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, online January 25. (reuters.com)
- The more alcohol a society consumes, the fewer alcohol-related problems and alcohol-related deaths (including cirrhosis) it has, since these societies, such as those in Southern Europe, integrate drinking with social life . (psychologytoday.com)
- Certainly the Greeks and Romans drank heavily at religious orgies honoring their gods. (encyclopedia.com)
- Therefore, if you drink to excess (usually more than four drinks in a two-hour time span) or drink heavily on a daily basis, alcohol can start to damage the intestinal lining. (healthline.com)
- Bread is good to eat before drinking heavily as it absorbs the alcohol. (yahoo.com)
- During follow-up telephone interviews conducted one to two years later, Sargent and his team found that 14 percent of the students said they now owned at least one alcohol-related promotional item. (redorbit.com)
- Although it is impossible to say exactly where or when Homo sapiens first sampled alcohol, chemical analysis of the residues found in pots dating from 3500 B.C.E. shows that wine was already being made from grapes in Mesopotamia (now Iraq). (encyclopedia.com)
- High alcohol exposure, however, was found to impair glymphatic function and increase brain inflammation. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Additionally, high alcohol exposure was found to impair cognitive functioning and motor skills in the mice. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In his previous studies, Sargent found that images and scenarios depicted in movies are among the strongest influences on young children, rivaling several other factors such as drinking by parents and peers. (dartmouth.edu)
- Broken down by ratings, they found that alcohol was used in 52 percent of G-rated films, 89 percent for PG, 93 percent for PG-13 and 95 percent for R. (dartmouth.edu)
- A student at Onondaga Community College, in Syracuse, New York, was also found dead earlier this year as a result of hypothermia and alcohol intoxication, according to syracuse.com . (livescience.com)
- Autopsy results found her blood alcohol content was 0.436 percent -- five times the legal limit. (go.com)
- Research has found that both drinking alcohol and taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can increase breast cancer risk. (breastcancer.org)
- They found the lack of RASGRF-2 was linked to a significant reduction in alcohol-seeking activity. (huffingtonpost.com)
- They found that those with the RASGRF-2 gene variation drank more often at the age of 16 than those without it. (huffingtonpost.com)
- They also found that A+ED users had higher blood alcohol concentration readings than non-A+ED users. (psychcentral.com)
- Isopropyl alcohol is commonly found in many cosmetics and food products. (sourcewatch.org)
- Gibson found that the higher the mother's drinking score, the lower the child's abstract reasoning ability, such as problem solving and thinking through a situation. (thestar.com)
- It is quite possible that the association we found between alcohol and depression can be explained by other factors. (timesofmalta.com)
- We found that even moderate alcohol consumption - one drink a day for women and up to two drinks a day for men - may raise a person's risk of a heart attack or stroke approximately two-fold within the hour following consumption compared to other times," Mostofsky said. (psychcentral.com)
- Human beings have grown up alongside alcohol: Beverage alcohol has been found at the site of every early center of civilization . (psychologytoday.com)
- According to the Insurance Information Institute, 37 states have adopted some form of "social host" law or set a legal precedent that allows you to be found liable if a guest injures himself or someone else as a result of alcohol consumption at your party (see list) . (insure.com)
- Excessive drinking is notorious for causing deficiency in thiamine, or vitamin B-1, which is found mainly in whole or enriched grains, beans and seeds. (livestrong.com)
- The Chief Medical Officer has provided guidance on the consumption of alcohol by children and young people (PDF, 1.5Mb) . (www.nhs.uk)
- Islamic law prohibits the consumption of alcohol. (breitbart.com)
- In fact, new findings show that in the hour following even moderate consumption of alcohol, the risk of heart and stroke doubles. (psychcentral.com)
- Blood alcohol levels rise more rapidly in those who drink on an empty stomach, so resist the urge to drink anything until you've had a decent meal or a filling snack. (mnn.com)
- Maternal blood alcohol levels must attain 300 mg/dl before significant side effects are reported in the infant. (llli.org)
- Alcohol poisoning, a medical emergency that results from high blood alcohol levels. (cdc.gov)
- In the United States alone, more than 18 million people have problems related to drinking alcohol, and about 88,000 people die each year from excessive alcohol consumption. (wikihow.com)
- 2 The economic costs of excessive alcohol consumption in 2010 were estimated at $249 billion, or $2.05 a drink. (cdc.gov)
- Sacks JJ, Gonzales KR, Bouchery EE, Tomedi LE, Brewer RD. 2010 National and State Costs of Excessive Alcohol Consumption external icon . (cdc.gov)
- Unfortunately, although coffee contains compounds that have antioxidant effects and anti-inflammatory properties, drinking a few cups of coffee a day cannot undo the systematic damage that is the result of being overweight or obese, sedentary, excessive alcohol consumption or drastically mitigate an unhealthy diet," Heller said by email. (reuters.com)
- Postmenopausal women who were taking HRT AND drank 1 or 2 alcoholic drinks per day had a breast cancer risk that was 3 times higher than women who didn't drink and didn't take HRT. (breastcancer.org)
- Postmenopausal women who were taking HRT AND had more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day had a breast cancer risk that was 5 times higher than women who didn't drink and didn't take HRT. (breastcancer.org)
- For some people who stop drinking withdrawal is unpleasant. (healthyplace.com)
- For others, alcohol withdrawal can be life-threatening. (healthyplace.com)
- Distinct effects of protracted withdrawal on affect, craving, selective attention and executive functions among alcohol-dependent patients. (drinkaware.co.uk)
- First, let's take a look at the phases of alcohol withdrawal. (yahoo.com)
- The first challenge you will face when you stop drinking is acute withdrawal. (yahoo.com)
- During post-acute withdrawal phase, you will likely begin to experience the psychological effects of not drinking. (yahoo.com)
- Each person's experience with post-acute alcohol withdrawal is different - for some it may only last a few weeks, for some it may be up to a year. (yahoo.com)
- You will be feeling the effects of withdrawal at this point, so drink plenty of water and stay away from refined sugars. (yahoo.com)
- I never go crazy when drinking (usually only 2 vodka lemonades when i do go out). (drugs.com)
- Sam Spady was drinking vanilla-flavored vodka the night she died, and investigators believe she may have consumed as many as 40 drinks. (go.com)
- 1.5-ounces of 80-proof (40% alcohol content) distilled spirits or liquor (e.g., gin, rum, vodka, whiskey). (cdc.gov)
- Vodka is considered the purest of all alcohol. (ehow.co.uk)
- But there's is a short list of booze that gets the modern Paleo greenlight, vodka is one of them. (menshealth.com)
- Tequila-as well as vodka, rum, and gin-all have zero grams of carbs, so they won't raise your blood sugar if you drink them straight up. (menshealth.com)
- Your drinking has led to situations that you or someone else could have been injured, such as driving while drunk or having unsafe sex. (medlineplus.gov)
- Phusion has compared Four Loko to popular drinks like rum and cola or Irish coffee that also mix caffeine and alcohol. (cnn.com)
- This finding is interesting because it could mean that consumers are incorrect if they are assuming that drinking caffeine might reduce their intoxication. (psychcentral.com)
- Consuming alcohol, caffeine or sugar all lead to the release of dopamine and serotonin, the "feel good" neurotransmitters. (menshealth.com)
- It shows the effect of heavy drinking on vital organs, and is part of the continuing effort to convince people to drink within the recommended healthy limits. (bbc.co.uk)
- In September 2005, a "panel of scientific experts" at the European Food Safety Authority concluded, "after examining a dossier on propan-2-ol (isopropanol, IPA) put forward by the European Flavour and Fragrance Association (EFFA), [that] soft drink makers should propose limits for heavy metals and aromatic hydrocarbons used as carrier solvents for flavouring preparations in soft drinks. (sourcewatch.org)
- If you choose to drink, keep the amount of alcohol you drink within the recommended limits. (healthlinkbc.ca)
- Drinking at the upper limits should only happen once in a while, not every day or week. (healthlinkbc.ca)