Alcohol dehydrogenase. Medical search

A zinc-containing enzyme which oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols or hemiacetals in the presence of NAD. In alcoholic fermentation, it catalyzes the final step of reducing an aldehyde to an alcohol in the presence of NADH and hydrogen.

A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on primary and secondary alcohols as well as hemiacetals. They are further classified according to the acceptor which can be NAD+ or NADP+ (subclass 1.1.1), cytochrome (1.1.2), oxygen (1.1.3), quinone (1.1.5), or another acceptor (1.1.99).

Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.

Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

A tetrameric enzyme that, along with the coenzyme NAD+, catalyzes the interconversion of LACTATE and PYRUVATE. In vertebrates, genes for three different subunits (LDH-A, LDH-B and LDH-C) exist.

An enzyme that oxidizes an aldehyde in the presence of NAD+ and water to an acid and NADH. This enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.1.1.70.

A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

Oxidoreductases that are specific for ALDEHYDES.

An alcohol oxidoreductase which catalyzes the oxidation of L-iditol to L-sorbose in the presence of NAD. It also acts on D-glucitol to form D-fructose. It also acts on other closely related sugar alcohols to form the corresponding sugar. EC 1.1.1.14

A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of acetic acid, perfumes, and flavors. It is also an intermediate in the metabolism of alcohol. It has a general narcotic action and also causes irritation of mucous membranes. Large doses may cause death from respiratory paralysis.

Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.

The simultaneous or sequential binding of multiple cell surface receptors to different ligands resulting in coordinated stimulation or suppression of signal transduction.

Reversibly catalyzes the oxidation of a hydroxyl group of sugar alcohols to form a keto sugar, aldehyde or lactone. Any acceptor except molecular oxygen is permitted. Includes EC 1.1.1.; EC 1.1.2. and EC 1.1.99.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of (S)-malate and NAD+ to oxaloacetate and NADH. EC 1.1.1.37.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamate and water to 2-oxoglutarate and NH3 in the presence of NAD+. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.4.1.2.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the conversion of isocitrate and NAD+ to yield 2-ketoglutarate, carbon dioxide, and NADH. It occurs in cell mitochondria. The enzyme requires Mg2+, Mn2+; it is activated by ADP, citrate, and Ca2+, and inhibited by NADH, NADPH, and ATP. The reaction is the key rate-limiting step of the citric acid (tricarboxylic) cycle. (From Dorland, 27th ed) (The NADP+ enzyme is EC 1.1.1.42.) EC 1.1.1.41.

Alcohols derived from the aryl radical (C6H5CH2-) and defined by C6H5CHOH. The concept includes derivatives with any substituents on the benzene ring.

Isomeric forms and derivatives of butanol (C4H9OH).

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)

Reversibly catalyze the oxidation of a hydroxyl group of carbohydrates to form a keto sugar, aldehyde or lactone. Any acceptor except molecular oxygen is permitted. Includes EC 1.1.1.; EC 1.1.2.; and 1.1.99.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

A colorless liquid with a sharp burning taste and slight odor. It is used as a local anesthetic and to reduce pain associated with LIDOCAINE injection. Also, it is used in the manufacture of other benzyl compounds, as a pharmaceutic aid, and in perfumery and flavoring.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

A glucose dehydrogenase that catalyzes the oxidation of beta-D-glucose to form D-glucono-1,5-lactone, using NAD as well as NADP as a coenzyme.

A flavoprotein containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of SUCCINATE to fumarate. In most eukaryotic organisms this enzyme is a component of mitochondrial electron transport complex II.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-phosphate (NMN) coupled by pyrophosphate linkage to the 5'-phosphate adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate. It serves as an electron carrier in a number of reactions, being alternately oxidized (NADP+) and reduced (NADPH). (Dorland, 27th ed)

Small molecules that are required for the catalytic function of ENZYMES. Many VITAMINS are coenzymes.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.

Enzymes of the oxidoreductase class that catalyze the dehydrogenation of hydroxysteroids. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.1.-.

Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO.

Acute VIRAL CNS INFECTION affecting mammals, including humans. It is caused by RABIES VIRUS and usually spread by contamination with virus-laden saliva of bites inflicted by rabid animals. Important animal vectors include the dog, cat, bat, fox, raccoon, skunk, and wolf.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Sugar alcohol dehydrogenases that have specificity for MANNITOL. Enzymes in this category are generally classified according to their preference for a specific reducing cofactor.

Enzymes that reversibly catalyze the oxidation of a 3-hydroxyacyl CoA to 3-ketoacyl CoA in the presence of NAD. They are key enzymes in the oxidation of fatty acids and in mitochondrial fatty acid synthesis.

A class of enzymes that catalyzes the oxidation of 17-hydroxysteroids to 17-ketosteroids. EC 1.1.-.

A colorless, flammable liquid used in the manufacture of FORMALDEHYDE and ACETIC ACID, in chemical synthesis, antifreeze, and as a solvent. Ingestion of methanol is toxic and may cause blindness.

Catalyze the oxidation of 3-hydroxysteroids to 3-ketosteroids.

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction 6-phospho-D-gluconate and NADP+ to yield D-ribulose 5-phosphate, carbon dioxide, and NADPH. The reaction is a step in the pentose phosphate pathway of glucose metabolism. (From Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.1.1.43.

A species of gram-negative bacteria of the family ACETOBACTERACEAE found in FLOWERS and FRUIT. Cells are ellipsoidal to rod-shaped and straight or slightly curved.

A flavoprotein and iron sulfur-containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the oxidation of NADH to NAD. In eukaryotes the enzyme can be found as a component of mitochondrial electron transport complex I. Under experimental conditions the enzyme can use CYTOCHROME C GROUP as the reducing cofactor. The enzyme was formerly listed as EC 1.6.2.1.

Enzymes that catalyze the first step in the beta-oxidation of FATTY ACIDS.

Isomeric forms and derivatives of PROPANOL (C3H7OH).

An enzyme that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of inosine 5'-phosphate to xanthosine 5'-phosphate in the presence of NAD. EC 1.1.1.205.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Alcohol oxidoreductases with substrate specificity for LACTIC ACID.

A pyrrolo-quinoline having two adjacent keto-groups at the 4 and 5 positions and three acidic carboxyl groups. It is a coenzyme of some DEHYDROGENASES.

An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.

A field of chemistry which pertains to chemical compounds or ions that do not contain the element carbon (with the exception of carbon dioxide and compounds containing a carbonate radical, e.g., calcium carbonate).

Flavoproteins that catalyze reversibly the reduction of carbon dioxide to formate. Many compounds can act as acceptors, but the only physiologically active acceptor is NAD. The enzymes are active in the fermentation of sugars and other compounds to carbon dioxide and are the key enzymes in obtaining energy when bacteria are grown on formate as the main carbon source. They have been purified from bovine blood. EC 1.2.1.2.

A very loosely defined group of drugs that tend to reduce the activity of the central nervous system. The major groups included here are ethyl alcohol, anesthetics, hypnotics and sedatives, narcotics, and tranquilizing agents (antipsychotics and antianxiety agents).

A flavoprotein oxidoreductase that has specificity for medium-chain fatty acids. It forms a complex with ELECTRON TRANSFERRING FLAVOPROTEINS and conveys reducing equivalents to UBIQUINONE.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of XANTHINE in the presence of NAD+ to form URIC ACID and NADH. It acts also on a variety of other purines and aldehydes.

A metallic element of atomic number 30 and atomic weight 65.38. It is a necessary trace element in the diet, forming an essential part of many enzymes, and playing an important role in protein synthesis and in cell division. Zinc deficiency is associated with ANEMIA, short stature, HYPOGONADISM, impaired WOUND HEALING, and geophagia. It is known by the symbol Zn.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Catalyzes the decarboxylation of an alpha keto acid to an aldehyde and carbon dioxide. Thiamine pyrophosphate is an essential cofactor. In lower organisms, which ferment glucose to ethanol and carbon dioxide, the enzyme irreversibly decarboxylates pyruvate to acetaldehyde. EC 4.1.1.1.

A group of irregular rod-shaped bacteria that stain gram-positive and do not produce endospores.

A ketone oxidoreductase that catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to ACYL-CoA and CO2. The enzyme requires THIAMINE DIPHOSPHATE as a cofactor. Defects in genes that code for subunits of the enzyme are a cause of MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE. The enzyme was formerly classified as EC 1.2.4.3.

A metalloflavoprotein enzyme involved the metabolism of VITAMIN A, this enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of RETINAL to RETINOIC ACID, using both NAD+ and FAD coenzymes. It also acts on both the 11-trans- and 13-cis-forms of RETINAL.

Anaerobic degradation of GLUCOSE or other organic nutrients to gain energy in the form of ATP. End products vary depending on organisms, substrates, and enzymatic pathways. Common fermentation products include ETHANOL and LACTIC ACID.

An umbrella term used to describe a pattern of disabilities and abnormalities that result from fetal exposure to ETHANOL during pregnancy. It encompasses a phenotypic range that can vary greatly between individuals, but reliably includes one or more of the following: characteristic facial dysmorphism, FETAL GROWTH RETARDATION, central nervous system abnormalities, cognitive and/or behavioral dysfunction, BIRTH DEFECTS. The level of maternal alcohol consumption does not necessarily correlate directly with disease severity.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Drinkable liquids containing ETHANOL.

The E1 component of the multienzyme PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX. It is composed of 2 alpha subunits (pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 alpha subunit) and 2 beta subunits (pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 beta subunit).

Oxidoreductases that are specific for KETONES.

Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases that catalyzes the reversible conversion of CORTISOL to the inactive metabolite CORTISONE. Enzymes in this class can utilize either NAD or NADP as cofactors.

Electrophoresis in which a starch gel (a mixture of amylose and amylopectin) is used as the diffusion medium.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

The most abundant natural aromatic organic polymer found in all vascular plants. Lignin together with cellulose and hemicellulose are the major cell wall components of the fibers of all wood and grass species. Lignin is composed of coniferyl, p-coumaryl, and sinapyl alcohols in varying ratios in different plant species. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of UDPglucose to UDPglucuronate in the presence of NAD+. EC 1.1.1.22.

An oxidoreductase involved in pyrimidine base degradation. It catalyzes the catabolism of THYMINE; URACIL and the chemotherapeutic drug, 5-FLUOROURACIL.

Isomeric forms and derivatives of pentanol (C5H11OH).

Five individuals derived from five FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

A disease-producing enzyme deficiency subject to many variants, some of which cause a deficiency of GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE activity in erythrocytes, leading to hemolytic anemia.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

An NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible DEAMINATION of L-ALANINE to PYRUVATE and AMMONIA. The enzyme is needed for growth when ALANINE is the sole CARBON or NITROGEN source. It may also play a role in CELL WALL synthesis because L-ALANINE is an important constituent of the PEPTIDOGLYCAN layer.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A low-affinity 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase found in a variety of tissues, most notably in LIVER; LUNG; ADIPOSE TISSUE; vascular tissue; OVARY; and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The enzyme acts reversibly and can use either NAD or NADP as cofactors.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that is not known to be pathogenic for man, animals, or plants. Its organisms are spoilers for beers and ciders and in sweet English ciders they are the causative agents of a secondary fermentation known as "cider sickness." The species Z. mobilis is used for experiments in molecular genetic studies.

A 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase which catalyzes the reversible reduction of the active androgen, DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE to 5 ALPHA-ANDROSTANE-3 ALPHA,17 BETA-DIOL. It also has activity towards other 3-alpha-hydroxysteroids and on 9-, 11- and 15- hydroxyprostaglandins. The enzyme is B-specific in reference to the orientation of reduced NAD or NADPH.

A carbamate derivative used as an alcohol deterrent. It is a relatively nontoxic substance when administered alone, but markedly alters the intermediary metabolism of alcohol. When alcohol is ingested after administration of disulfiram, blood acetaldehyde concentrations are increased, followed by flushing, systemic vasodilation, respiratory difficulties, nausea, hypotension, and other symptoms (acetaldehyde syndrome). It acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Diseases or disorders of the muscles of the head and neck, with special reference to the masticatory muscles. The most notable examples are TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS and TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME.

Usually high-molecular-weight, straight-chain primary alcohols, but can also range from as few as 4 carbons, derived from natural fats and oils, including lauryl, stearyl, oleyl, and linoleyl alcohols. They are used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, plastics, and lube oils and in textile manufacture. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Isomeric forms and derivatives of hexanol (C6H11OH).

Catalyzes reversibly the oxidation of hydroxyl groups of prostaglandins.

Steroids in which one or more hydroxy groups have been substituted for hydrogen atoms either within the ring skeleton or on any of the side chains.

Isomeric forms and derivatives of octanol (C8H17OH).

Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or mis-use of alcohol.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

Method of psychotherapeutic treatment based on assumption of patients' personal responsibility for their own behavior. The therapist actively guides patients to accurate self-perception for fulfillment of needs of self-worth and respect for others. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)

A flavoprotein oxidoreductase that has specificity for short-chain fatty acids. It forms a complex with ELECTRON-TRANSFERRING FLAVOPROTEINS and conveys reducing equivalents to UBIQUINONE.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria found in soil and water. Although considered to be normally nonpathogenic, this bacterium is a causative agent of nosocomial infections, particularly in debilitated individuals.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

Substances interfering with the metabolism of ethyl alcohol, causing unpleasant side effects thought to discourage the drinking of alcoholic beverages. Alcohol deterrents are used in the treatment of alcoholism.

The complete absence, or (loosely) the paucity, of gaseous or dissolved elemental oxygen in a given place or environment. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A group of enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction-oxidation reaction of 20-hydroxysteroids, such as from a 20-ketosteroid to a 20-alpha-hydroxysteroid (EC 1.1.1.149) or to a 20-beta-hydroxysteroid (EC 1.1.1.53).

An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.

A colorless liquid used as a solvent and an antiseptic. It is one of the ketone bodies produced during ketoacidosis.

Systems of enzymes which function sequentially by catalyzing consecutive reactions linked by common metabolic intermediates. They may involve simply a transfer of water molecules or hydrogen atoms and may be associated with large supramolecular structures such as MITOCHONDRIA or RIBOSOMES.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

A genus of gram-negative bacteria of the family MORAXELLACEAE, found in soil and water and of uncertain pathogenicity.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

An high-affinity, NAD-dependent 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase that acts unidirectionally to catalyze the dehydrogenation of CORTISOL to CORTISONE. It is found predominantly in mineralocorticoid target tissues such as the KIDNEY; COLON; SWEAT GLANDS; and the PLACENTA. Absence of the enzyme leads to a fatal form of childhood hypertension termed, APPARENT MINERALOCORTICOID EXCESS SYNDROME.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

A polymer prepared from polyvinyl acetates by replacement of the acetate groups with hydroxyl groups. It is used as a pharmaceutic aid and ophthalmic lubricant as well as in the manufacture of surface coatings artificial sponges, cosmetics, and other products.

Enzymes which are immobilized on or in a variety of water-soluble or water-insoluble matrices with little or no loss of their catalytic activity. Since they can be reused continuously, immobilized enzymes have found wide application in the industrial, medical and research fields.

A flavoprotein oxidoreductase that has specificity for long-chain fatty acids. It forms a complex with ELECTRON-TRANSFERRING FLAVOPROTEINS and conveys reducing equivalents to UBIQUINONE.

Derivatives of formic acids. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that are formed with a single carbon carboxy group.

An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of aspartic beta-semialdehyde to homoserine, which is the branch point in biosynthesis of methionine, lysine, threonine and leucine from aspartic acid. EC 1.1.1.3.

Iodinated derivatives of acetic acid. Iodoacetates are commonly used as alkylating sulfhydryl reagents and enzyme inhibitors in biochemical research.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria isolated from soil and water as well as clinical specimens. Occasionally it is an opportunistic pathogen.

A mitochondrial flavoprotein, this enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of 3-methylbutanoyl-CoA to 3-methylbut-2-enoyl-CoA using FAD as a cofactor. Defects in the enzyme, is associated with isovaleric acidemia (IVA).

An NAD+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate to 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. It is involved in the biosynthesis of VALINE; LEUCINE; and ISOLEUCINE.

Analogs or derivatives of mandelic acid (alpha-hydroxybenzeneacetic acid).

Azoles of two nitrogens at the 1,2 positions, next to each other, in contrast with IMIDAZOLES in which they are at the 1,3 positions.

An enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of a ketone and hydroxy group at C-20 of cortisone and other 17,20,21-trihydroxy steroids. EC 1.1.1.53.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

(Pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide))-phosphate phosphohydrolase. A mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolytic removal of a phosphate on a specific seryl hydroxyl group of pyruvate dehydrogenase, reactivating the enzyme complex. EC 3.1.3.43.

An octameric enzyme belonging to the superfamily of amino acid dehydrogenases. Leucine dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of L-LEUCINE, to 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate (2-ketoisocaproate) and AMMONIA, with the corresponding reduction of the cofactor NAD+.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 3-phosphoglycerate to 3-phosphohydroxypyruvate. It takes part in the L-SERINE biosynthesis pathway.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

A clear, colorless, viscous organic solvent and diluent used in pharmaceutical preparations.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of estradiol at the 17-hydroxyl group in the presence of NAD+ or NADP+ to yield estrone and NADH or NADPH. The 17-hydroxyl group can be in the alpha- or beta-configuration. EC 1.1.1.62

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity measured by in vitro inhibition of the migration or phagocytosis of antigen-stimulated LEUKOCYTES or MACROPHAGES. Specific CELL MIGRATION ASSAYS have been developed to estimate levels of migration inhibitory factors, immune reactivity against tumor-associated antigens, and immunosuppressive effects of infectious microorganisms.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

An enzyme that plays a role in the PENTOSES and GLUCURONATES interconversion pathway by catalyzing the oxidation of XYLITOL to D-xylulose. This enzyme has been found to be specific for NAD+.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

A genus of gram-positive, anaerobic bacteria in the family Thermoanaerobacteriaceae. Cultures consist of rods interspersed with coccoid cells.

An enzyme that plays a role in the GLUTAMATE and butanoate metabolism pathways by catalyzing the oxidation of succinate semialdehyde to SUCCINATE using NAD+ as a coenzyme. Deficiency of this enzyme, causes 4-hydroxybutyricaciduria, a rare inborn error in the metabolism of the neurotransmitter 4-aminobutyric acid (GABA).

The first chemical element in the periodic table. It has the atomic symbol H, atomic number 1, and atomic weight [1.00784; 1.00811]. It exists, under normal conditions, as a colorless, odorless, tasteless, diatomic gas. Hydrogen ions are PROTONS. Besides the common H1 isotope, hydrogen exists as the stable isotope DEUTERIUM and the unstable, radioactive isotope TRITIUM.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

A receptor activity-modifying protein that heterodimerizes with CALCITONIN RECEPTOR-LIKE PROTEIN to form the ADRENOMEDULLIN RECEPTOR. In addition, an isoform of the ISLET AMYLOID POLYPEPTIDE RECEPTOR is formed from this protein dimerizing with the CALCITONIN RECEPTOR.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Derivatives of ACETIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxymethane structure.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Retinol and derivatives of retinol that play an essential role in metabolic functioning of the retina, the growth of and differentiation of epithelial tissue, the growth of bone, reproduction, and the immune response. Dietary vitamin A is derived from a variety of CAROTENOIDS found in plants. It is enriched in the liver, egg yolks, and the fat component of dairy products.

A family of gram-negative bacteria usually found in soil or water and including many plant pathogens and a few animal pathogens.

A product of fermentation. It is a component of the butanediol cycle in microorganisms. In mammals it is oxidized to carbon dioxide.

A four carbon linear hydrocarbon that has a hydroxy group at position 1.

A species of gram-positive, rod-shaped LACTIC ACID bacteria that is frequently used as starter culture in SILAGE fermentation, sourdough, and lactic-acid-fermented types of beer and wine.

A five-carbon sugar alcohol derived from XYLOSE by reduction of the carbonyl group. It is as sweet as sucrose and used as a noncariogenic sweetener.

A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.

A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.

Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

A subclass of enzymes which includes all dehydrogenases acting on carbon-carbon bonds. This enzyme group includes all the enzymes that introduce double bonds into substrates by direct dehydrogenation of carbon-carbon single bonds.

The protein components of enzyme complexes (HOLOENZYMES). An apoenzyme is the holoenzyme minus any cofactors (ENZYME COFACTORS) or prosthetic groups required for the enzymatic function.

A widely used industrial solvent.

Disorders stemming from the misuse and abuse of alcohol.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of prephenate to p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate in the presence of NAD. In the enteric bacteria, this enzyme also possesses chorismate mutase activity, thereby catalyzing the first two steps in the biosynthesis of tyrosine. EC 1.3.1.12.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Used as an electron carrier in place of the flavine enzyme of Warburg in the hexosemonophosphate system and also in the preparation of SUCCINIC DEHYDROGENASE.

Standardized procedures utilizing rating scales or interview schedules carried out by health personnel for evaluating the degree of mental illness.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacteria that occur in water and soil. Some are common inhabitants of the intestinal tract of vertebrates. These bacteria occasionally cause opportunistic infections in humans.

Hsp60 is targeted to a cryptic mitochondrion-derived organelle ("crypton") in the microaerophilic protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. (1/1587)

Entamoeba histolytica is a microaerophilic protozoan parasite in which neither mitochondria nor mitochondrion-derived organelles have been previously observed. Recently, a segment of an E. histolytica gene was identified that encoded a protein similar to the mitochondrial 60-kDa heat shock protein (Hsp60 or chaperonin 60), which refolds nuclear-encoded proteins after passage through organellar membranes. The possible function and localization of the amebic Hsp60 were explored here. Like Hsp60 of mitochondria, amebic Hsp60 RNA and protein were both strongly induced by incubating parasites at 42 degreesC. 5' and 3' rapid amplifications of cDNA ends were used to obtain the entire E. histolytica hsp60 coding region, which predicted a 536-amino-acid Hsp60. The E. histolytica hsp60 gene protected from heat shock Escherichia coli groEL mutants, demonstrating the chaperonin function of the amebic Hsp60. The E. histolytica Hsp60, which lacked characteristic carboxy-terminal Gly-Met repeats, had a 21-amino-acid amino-terminal, organelle-targeting presequence that was cleaved in vivo. This presequence was necessary to target Hsp60 to one (and occasionally two or three) short, cylindrical organelle(s). In contrast, amebic alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and ferredoxin, which are bacteria-like enzymes, were diffusely distributed throughout the cytosol. We suggest that the Hsp60-associated, mitochondrion-derived organelle identified here be named "crypton," as its structure was previously hidden and its function is still cryptic. (+info)

Ciprofloxacin decreases the rate of ethanol elimination in humans. (2/1587)

BACKGROUND: Extrahepatic ethanol metabolism is postulated to take place via microbial oxidation in the colon, mediated by aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. AIMS: To evaluate the role of microbial ethanol oxidation in the total elimination rate of ethanol in humans by reducing gut flora with ciprofloxacin. METHODS: Ethanol was administered intravenously at the beginning and end of a one week period to eight male volunteers. Between ethanol doses volunteers received 750 mg ciprofloxacin twice daily. RESULTS: A highly significant (p=0.001) reduction in the ethanol elimination rate (EER) was detected after ciprofloxacin medication. Mean (SEM) EER was 107.0 (5.3) and 96.9 (4.8) mg/kg/h before and after ciprofloxacin, respectively. Faecal Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcus sp. were totally absent after medication, and faecal acetaldehyde production capacity was significantly (p<0.05) decreased from 0.91 (0.15) to 0.39 (0.08) nmol/min/mg protein. Mean faecal alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity was significantly (p<0. 05) decreased after medication, but ciprofloxacin did not inhibit human hepatic ADH activity in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Ciprofloxacin treatment decreased the ethanol elimination rate by 9.4%, with a concomitant decrease in intestinal aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria, faecal ADH activity, and acetaldehyde production. As ciprofloxacin has no effect on liver blood flow, hepatic ADH activity, or cytochrome CYP2E1 activity, these effects are probably caused by the reduction in intestinal flora. (+info)

Diet, genetic susceptibility and human cancer etiology. (3/1587)

There is evidence that high penetrance hereditary genes cause a number of relatively uncommon tumors in the familial setting, whereas common cancers are influenced by multiple loci that alter susceptibility to cancer and other conditions. The latter category of genes are involved in the metabolism of carcinogens (activation, detoxification) as well as those that interact with dietary exposure. This paper will consider some of the basic principles in studying susceptibility genes and provide a few examples in which they interact with dietary components. (+info)

Ciprofloxacin administration decreases enhanced ethanol elimination in ethanol-fed rats. (4/1587)

Many colonic aerobic bacteria possess alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and are capable of oxidizing ethanol to acetaldehyde. Accordingly, some ingested ethanol can be metabolized in the colon in vivo via the bacteriocolonic pathway for ethanol oxidation. By diminishing the amount of aerobic colonic bacteria with ciprofloxacin treatment, we recently showed that the bacteriocolonic pathway may contribute up to 9% of total ethanol elimination in naive rats. In the current study we evaluated the role of the bacteriocolonic pathway in enhanced ethanol metabolism following chronic alcohol administration by diminishing the amount of gut aerobic flora by ciprofloxacin treatment. We found that ciprofloxacin treatment totally abolished the enhancement in ethanol elimination rate (EER) caused by chronic alcohol administration and significantly diminished the amount of colonic aerobic bacteria and faecal ADH activity. However, ciprofloxacin treatment had no significant effects on the hepatic microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system, hepatic ADH activity or plasma endotoxin level. Our data suggest that the decrease in the amount of the aerobic colonic bacteria and in faecal ADH activity by ciprofloxacin is primarily responsible for the decrease in the enhanced EER in rats fed alcohol chronically. Extrahepatic ethanol metabolism by gastrointestinal bacteria may therefore contribute significantly to enhanced EER. (+info)

Linkage disequilibrium at the ADH2 and ADH3 loci and risk of alcoholism. (5/1587)

Two of the three class I alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes (ADH2 and ADH3) encode known functional variants that act on alcohol with different efficiencies. Variants at both these genes have been implicated in alcoholism in some populations because allele frequencies differ between alcoholics and controls. Specifically, controls have higher frequencies of the variants with higher Vmax (ADH2*2 and ADH3*1). In samples both of alcoholics and of controls from three Taiwanese populations (Chinese, Ami, and Atayal) we found significant pairwise disequilibrium for all comparisons of the two functional polymorphisms and a third, presumably neutral, intronic polymorphism in ADH2. The class I ADH genes all lie within 80 kb on chromosome 4; thus, variants are not inherited independently, and haplotypes must be analyzed when evaluating the risk of alcoholism. In the Taiwanese Chinese we found that, only among those chromosomes containing the ADH3*1 variant (high Vmax), the proportions of chromosomes with ADH2*1 (low Vmax) and those with ADH2*2 (high Vmax) are significantly different between alcoholics and controls (P<10-5). The proportions of chromosomes with ADH3*1 and those with ADH3*2 are not significantly different between alcoholics and controls, on a constant ADH2 background (with ADH2*1, P=.83; with ADH2*2, P=.53). Thus, the observed differences in the frequency of the functional polymorphism at ADH3, between alcoholics and controls, can be accounted for by the disequilibrium with ADH2 in this population. (+info)

Biochemical characterization of the small heat shock protein IbpB from Escherichia coli. (6/1587)

Escherichia coli IbpB was overexpressed in a strain carrying a deletion in the chromosomal ibp operon and purified by refolding. Under our experimental conditions, IbpB exhibited pronounced size heterogeneity. Basic oligomers, roughly spherical and approximately 15 nm in diameter, interacted to form larger particles in the 100-200-nm range, which themselves associated to yield loose aggregates of micrometer size. IbpB suppressed the thermal aggregation of model proteins in a concentration-dependent manner, and its CD spectrum was consistent with a mostly beta-pleated secondary structure. Incubation at high temperatures led to a partial loss of secondary structure, the progressive exposure of tryptophan residues to the solvent, the dissociation of high molecular mass aggregates into approximately 600-kDa oligomers, and an increase in surface hydrophobicity. Structural changes were reversible between 37 and 55 degrees C, and, up to 55 degrees C, hydrophobic sites were reburied upon cooling. IbpB exhibited a biphasic unfolding trend upon guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) treatment and underwent comparable conformational changes upon melting and during the first GdnHCl-induced transition. However, hydrophobicity decreased with increasing GdnHCl concentrations, suggesting that efficient exposure of structured hydrophobic sites involves denaturant-sensitive structural features. By contrast, IbpB hydrophobicity rose at high NaCl concentrations and increased further at high temperatures. Our results support a model in which temperature-driven conformational changes lead to the reversible exposure of normally shielded binding sites for nonnative proteins and suggest that both hydrophobicity and charge context may determine substrate binding to IbpB. (+info)

Nonsense mutations in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene of Drosophila melanogaster correlate with an abnormal 3' end processing of the corresponding pre-mRNA. (7/1587)

From bacteria to mammals, mutations that generate premature termination codons have been shown to result in the reduction in the abundance of the corresponding mRNA. In mammalian cells, more often than not, the reduction happens while the RNA is still associated with the nucleus. Here, it is reported that mutations in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (Adh) of Drosophila melanogaster that generate premature termination codons lead to reduced levels of cytoplasmic and nuclear mRNA. Unexpectedly, it has been found that the poly(A) tails of Adh mRNAs and pre-mRNAs that carry a premature termination codon are longer than in the wild-type transcript. The more 5' terminal the mutation is, the longer is the poly(A) tail of the transcript. These findings suggest that the integrity of the coding region may be required for accurate mRNA 3' end processing. (+info)

Drosophila lebanonensis alcohol dehydrogenase: pH dependence of the kinetic coefficients. (8/1587)

The alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) from Drosophila lebanonensis shows 82% positional identity to the alcohol dehydrogenases from Drosophila melanogaster. These insect ADHs belong to the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase family which lack metal ions in their active site. In this family, it appears that the function of zinc in medium chain dehydrogenases has been replaced by three amino acids, Ser138, Tyr151 and Lys155. The present work on D. lebanonensis ADH has been performed in order to obtain information about reaction mechanism, and possible differences in topology and electrostatic properties in the vicinity of the catalytic residues in ADHs from various species of Drosophila. Thus the pH dependence of various kinetic coefficients has been studied. Both in the oxidation of alcohols and in the reduction of aldehydes, the reaction mechanism of D. lebanonensis ADH in the pH 6-10 region was consistent with a compulsory ordered pathway, with the coenzymes as the outer substrates. Over the entire pH region, the rate limiting step for the oxidation of secondary alcohols such as propan-2-ol was the release of the coenzyme product from the enzyme-NADH complex. In the oxidation of ethanol at least two steps were rate limiting, the hydride transfer step and the dissociation of NADH from the binary enzyme-NADH product complex. In the reduction of acetaldehyde, the rate limiting step was the dissociation of NAD+ from the binary enzyme-NAD+ product complex. The pH dependences of the kon velocity curves for the two coenzymes were the opposite of each other, i.e. kon increased for NAD+ and decreased for NADH with increasing pH. The two curves appeared complex and the kon velocity for the two coenzymes seemed to be regulated by several groups in the free enzyme. The kon velocity for ethanol and the ethanol competitive inhibitor pyrazole increased with pH and was regulated through the ionization of a single group in the binary enzyme-NAD+ complex, with a pKa value of 7.1. The kon velocity for acetaldehyde was pH independent and showed that in the enzyme-NADH complex, the pKa value of the catalytic residue must be above 10. The koff velocity of NAD+ appeared to be partly regulated by the catalytic residue, and protonation resulted in an increased dissociation rate. The koff velocity for NADH and the hydride transfer step was pH independent. In D. lebanonensis ADH, the pKa value of the catalytic residue was 0.5 pH units lower than in the ADHS alleloenzyme from D. melanogaster. Thus it can be concluded that while most of the topology of the active site is mainly conserved in these two distantly related enzymes, the microenvironment and electrostatic properties around the catalytic residues differ. (+info)

... (NAD(P)+) Aldehyde dehydrogenase Oxidoreductase Blood alcohol content for rates of metabolism This ... Edenberg HJ, McClintick JN (October 2018). "Alcohol dehydrogenases, aldehyde dehydrogenases and alcohol use disorders: a ... Edenberg HJ, McClintick JN (December 2018). "Alcohol Dehydrogenases, Aldehyde Dehydrogenases, and Alcohol Use Disorders: A ... alcohol dehydrogenases. Brewer's yeast also has another alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH2, which evolved out of a duplicate version ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_dehydrogenase

... a coniferyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.194) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction coniferyl alcohol + NADP+ ... Mansell RL, Babbel GR, Zenk MH (1976). "Multiple forms and specificity of coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase from cambial regions ... "Purification and properties of isoenzymes of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase from soybean-cell-suspension cultures". Eur. J. ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is coniferyl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase. This enzyme is also called CAD. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coniferyl-alcohol_dehydrogenase

... (EC 1.1.99.36, NDMA-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase, nicotinoprotein alcohol ... Piersma SR, Visser AJ, de Vries S, Duine JA (March 1998). "Optical spectroscopy of nicotinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase from ... Norin A, Piersma SR, Duine JA, Jörnvall H (May 2003). "Nicotinoprotein (NAD+ -containing) alcohol dehydrogenase: structural ... Schenkels P, Duine JA (April 2000). "Nicotinoprotein (NADH-containing) alcohol dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis DSM ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_dehydrogenase_(nicotinoprotein)

... (EC 1.1.5.5, type III ADH, membrane associated quinohaemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase) is an ... "Quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase is involved in catabolic acetate production, while NAD-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase in ... "The structure of the quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase of Acetobacter aceti modelled on that of methanol dehydrogenase from ... Reactivity with ubiquinone of pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases purified from Acetobacter aceti and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_dehydrogenase_(quinone)

In enzymology, an allyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.54) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction allyl alcohol + ... Otsuka K (1958). "Triphosphopyridine nucleotide-allyl and -ethyl alcohol dehydrogenases from Escherichia coli". J. Gen. Appl. ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is allyl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase. ... NADP+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } acrolein + NADPH + H+ Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are allyl alcohol and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allyl-alcohol_dehydrogenase

... a perillyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.144) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction perillyl alcohol + NAD+ ⇌ {\ ... This enzyme is also called perillyl alcohol dehydrogenase. This enzyme participates in limonene and pinene degradation. Ballal ... "Perillyl alcohol dehydrogenase from a soil pseudomonad". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 23 (4): 473-8. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(66 ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is perillyl-alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perillyl-alcohol_dehydrogenase

... a cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.195) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction cinnamyl alcohol + NADP+ ⇌ {\ ... Sarni F, Grand C, Boudet AM (1984). "Purification and properties of cinnamoyl-CoA reductase and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase ... Further studies on cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase from soybean-cell-suspension cultures". Eur. J. Biochem. 97 (2): 503-9. doi: ... Wyrambik D, Grisebach H (1975). "Purification and properties of isoenzymes of cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase from soybean-cell- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamyl-alcohol_dehydrogenase

... quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase, quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase, quinoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase, and alcohol:( ... Alcohol dehydrogenase Ameyama M; Adachi O (1982). "Alcohol dehydrogenase from acetic acid bacteria, membrane-bound". Methods in ... an alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor) (EC 1.1.99.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction a primary alcohol + ... Purification and properties of the alcohol dehydrogenase of Pseudomonas sp. M27". Biochem. J. 104 (3): 953-9. doi:10.1042/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_dehydrogenase_(acceptor)

... (EC 1.1.9.1, type II quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase, quinohaemoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase ... "Electron transfer from quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase to blue copper protein azurin in the alcohol oxidase respiratory ... Groen BW, van Kleef MA, Duine JA (March 1986). "Quinohaemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase apoenzyme from Pseudomonas testosteroni ... "Structure at 1.9 A resolution of a quinohemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida HK5". Structure. 10 (6): 837- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_dehydrogenase_(azurin)

Other names in common use include p-hydroxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, and coniferyl alcohol ... an aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.90) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction an aromatic alcohol + NAD+ ⇌ {\ ... "Identification and characterization of a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent para-hydroxybenzyl alcohol-dehydrogenase ... Suhara K, Takemori S, Katagiri M (1969). "The purification and properties of benzylalcohol dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas sp". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryl-alcohol_dehydrogenase

Other names in common use include long-chain alcohol dehydrogenase, and fatty alcohol oxidoreductase. This enzyme participates ... a long-chain-alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.192) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction a long-chain alcohol + 2 ... Lee T (April 1979). "Characterization of fatty alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase from rat liver". The Journal of Biological Chemistry ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is long-chain-alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-chain-alcohol_dehydrogenase

... a polyvinyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor) (EC 1.1.99.23) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction polyvinyl alcohol ... Other names in common use include PVA dehydrogenase, and polyvinyl-alcohol:(acceptor) oxidoreductase. It employs one cofactor, ... pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase, in a bacterial symbiont, Pseudomonas sp. strain VM15C". ... the two substrates of this enzyme are polyvinyl alcohol and acceptor, whereas its two products are oxidized polyvinyl alcohol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl-alcohol_dehydrogenase_(acceptor)

... coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase, NADPH-linked benzaldehyde reductase, and aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+). Gross GG, Zenk MH ... an aryl-alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP+) (EC 1.1.1.91) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction an aromatic alcohol + ... Other names in common use include aryl alcohol dehydrogenase (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, phosphate), ... 2. Purification and properties of aryl-alcohol: NADP-oxidoreductase from Neurospora crassa]". Eur. J. Biochem. (in German). 8 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aryl-alcohol_dehydrogenase_(NADP )

Other names in common use include m-hydroxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, m-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (NADP+) dehydrogenase, and m- ... a 3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.97) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 3-hydroxybenzyl alcohol ... Forrester PI, Gaucher GM (1972). "m-Hydroxybenzyl alcohol dehydrogenase from Penicillium urticae". Biochemistry. 11 (6): 1108- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol:NADP+ oxidoreductase. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-hydroxybenzyl-alcohol_dehydrogenase

... (EC 1.1.5.7, cyclic alcohol dehydrogenase, MCAD) is an enzyme with systematic name ... "Purification and characterization of membrane-bound quinoprotein cyclic alcohol dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter frateurii CHM ... Cyclic+alcohol+dehydrogenase+(quinone) at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology ( ... This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction cyclic alcohol + quinone ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } cyclic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_alcohol_dehydrogenase_(quinone)

... vinyl alcohol) dehydrogenase from Sphingomonas sp. strain 113P3, a novel-type quinohaemoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase". ... Polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) (EC 1.1.2.6, PVA dehydrogenase, PVADH) is an enzyme with systematic name polyvinyl ... pyrroloquinoline quinone-dependent polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase, in a bacterial symbiont, Pseudomonas sp. strain VM15C". ... oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + ferrocytochrome c + H+ This enzyme participates in bacterial polyvinyl alcohol degradation. Shimao ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyvinyl_alcohol_dehydrogenase_(cytochrome)

... (EC 1.1.1.314) is an enzyme with systematic name germacra-1(10),4,11(13)-trien-12-ol:NADP+ ... Germacrene+A+alcohol+dehydrogenase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology (EC ... Demonstration of a cytochrome P450 (+)-germacrene a hydroxylase and NADP+-dependent sesquiterpenoid dehydrogenase(s) involved ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germacrene_A_alcohol_dehydrogenase

... and alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)]. This enzyme participates in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Alcohol dehydrogenase Fidge NH ... In enzymology, an alcohol dehydrogenase [NAD(P)+] (EC 1.1.1.71) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction an alcohol + ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is alcohol:NAD(P)+ oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include retinal reductase ... NAD(P)+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } an aldehyde + NAD(P)H + H+ The 3 substrates of this enzyme are alcohol, NAD+, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_dehydrogenase_(NAD(P) )

... (EC 1.1.2.8, type I quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase, quinoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase ... "Three distinct quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenases are expressed when Pseudomonas putida is grown on different alcohols". ... Alcohol+dehydrogenase+(cytochrome+c) at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology ( ... Mennenga B, Kay CW, Görisch H (April 2009). "Quinoprotein ethanol dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa: the unusual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_dehydrogenase_(cytochrome_c)

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ADHFE1 gene. The ADHFE1 gene encodes ... "Entrez Gene: Alcohol dehydrogenase, iron containing 1". Retrieved 2017-06-16. Kardon T, Noël G, Vertommen D, Schaftingen EV ( ... "Alcohol dehydrogenase, iron containing, 1 promoter hypermethylation associated with colorectal cancer differentiation". BMC ... "Cloning and characterization of a novel human alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ADHFe1)". DNA Sequence. 13 (5): 301-6. doi:10.1080/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_dehydrogenase,_iron_containing_1

... especially for the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase. He has written a text book on enzyme kinetics. He also made contributions in ... Liver alcohol dehydrogenase. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/10409238609113616 G. Pettersson, 1975 (in Swedish). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gösta_Pettersson_(biochemist)

ISBN 978-0716701743.[page needed] Raj SB, Ramaswamy S, Plapp BV (2014). "Yeast alcohol dehydrogenase structure and catalysis". ... NAD+ This reaction is catalyzed by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1 in baker's yeast). As shown by the reaction equation, glycolysis ... phenylethyl alcohol and gamma-butyrolactone, secondary products of alcoholic fermentation". Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des ... Ethanol contained in alcoholic beverages is produced by means of fermentation induced by yeast. Wine is produced by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol_fermentation

Thomson JM, Gaucher EA, Burgan MF, De Kee DW, Li T, Aris JP, Benner SA (2005). "Resurrecting ancestral alcohol dehydrogenases ... This critical value, above which alcoholic fermentation occurs, is dependent on the strain and the culture conditions. More ... alcohol) in aerobic conditions at high external glucose concentrations rather than producing biomass via the tricarboxylic acid ... recent evidences demonstrated that the occurrence of alcoholic fermentation is not primarily due to a limited respiratory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crabtree_effect

I. The Reaction Catalyzed by Alcohol Dehydrogenase". J. Biol. Chem. 202 (2): 687-697. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)66181-2. PMID ... In 1953, soon after completing the work on alcohol dehydrogenase, Westheimer moved to Harvard University. He continued his ... Vennesland had developed a project involving the fate of hydrogen atoms in alcohol dehydrogenase. Vennesland and Fisher's ... based on the idea of enantiotopicity to explain how the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase removed hydrogen from the alcohol molecule ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Westheimer

... a putative alcohol dehydrogenase gene (btrE, neo5); and another putative dehydrogenase (similar to chorine dehydrogenase and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neomycin

S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) is a class III alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) encoded by the ADH5 gene in humans. It is a ... More related to its alcohol dehydrogenase activity, GSNOR null mice show a 30% reduction in the LD50 for formaldehyde and a ... Jensen DE, Belka GK, Du Bois GC (April 1998). "S-Nitrosoglutathione is a substrate for rat alcohol dehydrogenase class III ... Staab CA, Alander J, Morgenstern R, Grafström RC, Höög JO (March 2009). "The Janus face of alcohol dehydrogenase 3". Chem. Biol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaldehyde_dehydrogenase

Gupta NK, Woodley CL, Fried R (October 1970). "Effect of metronidazole on liver alcohol dehydrogenase". Biochemical ... Consuming alcohol while taking metronidazole has been suspected in case reports to cause a disulfiram-like reaction with ... People are often advised not to drink alcohol during systemic metronidazole therapy and for at least 48 hours after completion ... However, some studies call into question the mechanism of the interaction of alcohol and metronidazole, and a possible central ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metronidazole

It competitively inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase for example. Oxidation of trifluoroethanol yields trifluoroacetaldehyde or ... Taber, Richard L. (1998). "The competitive inhibition of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase by 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol". Biochemical ... Also known as TFE or trifluoroethyl alcohol, this colourless, water-miscible liquid has a smell reminiscent of ethanol. Due to ... the electronegativity of the trifluoromethyl group, this alcohol exhibits a stronger acidic character compared to ethanol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol

Jensen DE, Belka GK, Du Bois GC (April 1998). "S-Nitrosoglutathione is a substrate for rat alcohol dehydrogenase class III ... Staab CA, Alander J, Morgenstern R, Grafström RC, Höög JO (March 2009). "The Janus face of alcohol dehydrogenase 3". Chem. Biol ... Hedberg JJ, Griffiths WJ, Nilsson SJ, Höög JO (March 2003). "Reduction of S-nitrosoglutathione by human alcohol dehydrogenase 3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-Nitrosoglutathione

This gene encodes class IV alcohol dehydrogenase 7 mu or sigma subunit, which is a member of the alcohol dehydrogenase family. ... "The complete structure of human class IV alcohol dehydrogenase (retinol dehydrogenase) determined from the ADH7 gene". The ... Alcohol dehydrogenase class 4 mu/sigma chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ADH7 gene. ... "Entrez Gene: ADH7 alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide". Suzuki Y, Yoshitomo-Nakagawa K, Maruyama K, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADH7

... dependent alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHs), pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ)-containing methanol dehydrogenase (Msil_0471) and a PQQ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylocella_silvestris

The acyl chains in the fatty acids are extended by a cycle of reactions that add the acyl group, reduce it to an alcohol, ... Hundreds of separate types of dehydrogenases remove electrons from their substrates and reduce NAD+ into NADH. This reduced ... In the 19th century, when studying the fermentation of sugar to alcohol by yeast, Louis Pasteur concluded that fermentation was ... In anaerobic conditions, glycolysis produces lactate, through the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase re-oxidizing NADH to NAD+ for re ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

... long-term excessive alcohol use and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Deficiency of G6PD is a genetic ... Its pathologic characteristics associated with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency". Archives of Pathology & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_spotted_fever

Averantin is converted to averufin via a two different enzymes, a hydroxylase and an alcohol dehydrogenase. This will oxygenate ... Now an esterase, EstA, catalyzes the hydrolysis of the acetyl, forming the primary alcohol in versiconal. The acetal in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_B1

When soap and water are not available, the CDC recommends using an alcohol-based hand sanitiser with at least 60% alcohol. For ... lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer, and ferritin. Systemic inflammation results in vasodilation, allowing inflammatory ... Hydrogen peroxide is used to help eliminate bacterial spores in the alcohol; it is "not an active substance for hand antisepsis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19

Along with the sp3 to sp2 stereochemical change around the alpha-C, there is a ketone group that is formed from the alcohol ... Isocitrate/isopropylmalate dehydrogenase family The isocitrate dehydrogenase 3 isozyme is a heterotetramer that is composed of ... Eukaryotic isocitrate dehydrogenase enzymes on the other hand, have not been fully discovered yet. Each dimer of IDH has two ... Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) (EC 1.1.1.42) and (EC 1.1.1.41) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isocitrate_dehydrogenase

... which results in the alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme converting alcohol to toxic acetaldehyde more quickly than other gene ... Around 80% of East Asians carry an allele of the gene coding for the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase called ADH1B*2, ... Alcohol flush reaction is the characteristic physiological facial flushing response to drinking alcohol experienced by 36% of ... Brooks PJ, Enoch MA, Goldman D, Li TK, Yokoyama A (March 2009). "The alcohol flushing response: an unrecognized risk factor for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Asian_people

A team of researchers from the National Institutes of Health reported that patient's with succinate dehydrogenase subunit B ( ... alcohol, and exercise for at least 12 hours prior to their lab draw. Patients should also avoid catecholamine-containing foods ... Of all the genetic variants, succinate dehydrogenase subunit B (SDHB) mutations have the highest rates of developing metastatic ... May 2018). "18F-FDG and anatomic imaging in the detection of succinate dehydrogenase mutation (SDHx )-related pheochromocytoma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheochromocytoma

In alcoholic ketoacidosis, this ketone body is produced in greatest concentration. Ketogenesis occurs if oxaloacetate in the ... The concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate in blood plasma is measured through a test that uses β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, ... The biosynthesis of D-β-hydroxybutyrate from acetoacetate is catalyzed by the β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase enzyme. Butyrate ... excessive alcohol consumption; and/or insulin deficiency. Because oxaloacetate is crucial for entry of acetyl-CoA into the TCA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-Hydroxybutyric_acid

... is formed through oxidation of the alcohol moiety to a carboxylic acid by alcohol dehydrogenase, and overall effects are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxyzine

found that succinic dehydrogenase was inhibited in vitro by HClO, which led to the investigation of the possibility that ... Despite its stronger disinfecting capabilities, it is less commonly used as a disinfectant compared to bleach and alcohol due ... Succinate dehydrogenase was also inhibited by HClO, stopping the flow of electrons to oxygen. Later studies revealed that ... Rakita, RM; Michel, BR; Rosen, H (1990). "Differential inactivation of Escherichia coli membrane dehydrogenases by a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid

The list of ingredients includes the enzymes quinoprotein alcohol dehydrogenase (QADH) and quinoprotein aldehyde dehydrogenase ... A 2008 controlled study of breath alcohol levels indicated significantly greater ethanol elimination in subjects given ... American brand of nutritional supplement marketed as a remedy for hangovers and to prevent symptoms associated with alcohol ... ". "Drink Yourself Sober - News Story - WNEM Saginaw". (Dietary supplements, Alcohol and health). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobrietol

... is flanked by alcohol dehydrogenase iron containing 1 and Myb proto-oncogene like 1. No human paralogs for VXN have been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VXN

"Molecular dynamics study of zinc binding to cysteines in a peptide mimic of the alcohol dehydrogenase structural zinc site". ... and alcoholic fermentation. Carboxypeptidase cleaves peptide linkages during digestion of proteins. A coordinate covalent bond ... and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase), the dysregulation of calcium homeostasis, glutamatergic neuronal excitotoxicity, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_in_biology

... switch in chromatin structure associated with alternate promoter usage in the Drosophila melanogaster alcohol dehydrogenase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenomics

In a recent study Lewis et al., looked at alcohol dehydrogenase genes and their mutations, which humans can have between 0 and ... These mutations slow the breakdown of alcohol so the more mutations the fetus has the slower they will breakdown alcohol. They ... It is estimated that 1 in 1,000 babies born in the general population are born with fetal alcohol syndrome, as a result of ... This contradictory evidence could perhaps be explained by findings that the effects of alcohol may depend on the genetic makeup ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_and_intelligence

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-Phosphogluconate dehydrogenase) in the pentose phosphate pathway, which is important ... About 25% of the ethanol that humans consume by drinking alcoholic beverages is oxidized to acetaldehyde in this way. In ... Antonenkov, Vasily D. (Jul 1989). "Dehydrogenases of the pentose phosphate pathway in rat liver peroxisomes". European Journal ... and alcohol, by means of the peroxidation reaction: H 2 O 2 + R ′ H 2 → R ′ + 2 H 2 O {\displaystyle \mathrm {H} _{2}\mathrm {O ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxisome

... is reduced to coniferyl alcohol by the action of dehydrogenase enzymes. It is found in Senra incana ( ... Step of Syringyl Monolignol Biosynthesis in Angiosperms is Regulated by a Novel Gene Encoding Sinapyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coniferyl_aldehyde

"Characterization of Esterase and Alcohol Dehydrogenase Activity in Skin. Metabolism of Retinyl Palmitate to Retinol (Vitamin A ... Palmitate is attached to the alcohol form of vitamin A, retinol, in order to make vitamin A stable in milk.[citation needed] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinyl_palmitate

Dyck, Lillian E. (1986). "Are North American Indians Biochemically More Susceptible to the Effects of Alcohol?". Native Studies ... Dyck, Lillian E. (1993). "Absence of the atypical mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) isozyme in Saskatchewan Cree ... Dyck, Lillian E. (1990). "Isoenzymes of aldehyde dehydrogenase in human lymphocytes". Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillian_Dyck

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family, member A1, also known as ALDH7A1 or antiquitin, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ... These enzymes are thought to play a major role in the detoxification of aldehydes generated by alcohol metabolism and lipid ... As a member of subfamily 7 of the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene family, antiquitin performs NAD(P)+-dependent oxidation of ... Furthermore, antiquitin functions as an aldehyde dehydrogenase for α-AASA in the pipecolic acid pathway of lysine catabolism. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALDH7A1

... has been studied for its effects on multiple other conditions, including: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Premature ... June 2014). "Metformin suppresses gluconeogenesis by inhibiting mitochondrial glycerophosphate dehydrogenase". Nature. 510 ( ... on liver enzymes and body composition in non-diabetic patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or non-alcoholic ... excessive alcohol intake, hepatic impairment, concomitant use of certain drugs (e.g. carbonic anhydrase inhibitors such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metformin

This phenomenon has been used for further distilling of vodka to higher alcohol concentrations, in a room-temperature ... "Selective Phosphorylation Inhibitor of Delta Protein Kinase C-Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Protein-Protein Interactions: ... Rapisarda, Mario; Malfense Fierro, Gian-Piero; Meo, Michele (May 19, 2021). "Ultralight graphene oxide/polyvinyl alcohol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_applications_of_graphene

... and alcohol dehydrogenase 1 genes to assess relationships within Oryzomys. They recommended that the marsh rice rat be split ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oryzomys

This sequential pathway first produces alcohols, then alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases, and ultimately aldehydes and fatty ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcanivorax_borkumensis

Alcohol metabolism depends on the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Genetic variants of ... Edenberg HJ, McClintick JN (December 2018). "Alcohol Dehydrogenases, Aldehyde Dehydrogenases, and Alcohol Use Disorders: A ... "Overview of the role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase and their variants in the genesis of alcohol-related ... Women are also thought to have less alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme which is required to break down alcohol. That is why the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-term_effects_of_alcohol_consumption

Regulation of the alcohol dehydrogenases Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. Eur. J. Biochem. (in French). 8 (3): 426-34. doi:10.1111/j. ... In enzymology, an octanol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.73) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 1-octanol + NAD+ ⇌ {\ ... This enzyme is also called 1-octanol dehydrogenase. Roche B, Azoulay E (1969). "Régulation des alcool-déshydrogénases chez ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octanol_dehydrogenase

The carboxyl group of acrylic acid can react with ammonia to form acrylamide, or with an alcohol to form an acrylate ester. ... Two prominent examples are coumaroyl-coenzyme A and crotonyl-coenzyme A. They arise by the action of acyl-CoA dehydrogenases. ... Thorpe C, Kim JJ (June 1995). "Structure and mechanism of action of the acyl-CoA dehydrogenases". FASEB Journal. 9 (9): 718-25 ... the starting compound is a propargyl alcohol. Another synthetically valuable method to access α,β-unsaturated carbonyls is via ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Α,β-Unsaturated_carbonyl_compound

"Louis Pasteur and Alcoholic Fermentation". www.pasteurbrewing.com. Archived from the original on 2011-01-13. Retrieved 2016-02- ... Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase NAD++ Pi NADH + H+ NAD++ Pi NADH + H+ 2 × 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate 2 × Phosphoglycerate ... They discovered the regulatory effects of ATP on glucose consumption during alcohol fermentation. They also shed light on the ... Electrons delocalized in the carbon-carbon bond cleavage associate with the alcohol group. The resulting carbanion is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycolysis

... but it can be converted to formaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and then converted to formic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase, ... glyoxylic acid and oxalic acid by aldehyde dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and glycolate oxidase in mammalian ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxication

Crystal Structure of Cinnamyl-Alcohol Dehydrogenase 2 Mutant K169A ... The enzymes cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyze the two key reduction reactions in ... The enzymes cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyze the two key reduction reactions in ... Crystal Structure of Cinnamyl-Alcohol Dehydrogenase 2 Mutant K169A. *PDB DOI: 10.2210/pdb4QUK/pdb ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4QUK

... N ... Background: A polymorphism in the gene for alcohol dehydrogenase type 3 (ADH3) alters the rate of alcohol metabolism. We ... We examined the relations among the level of alcohol intake, the ADH3 genotype, and plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ... the level of alcohol consumption, and the HDL level in an independent study of postmenopausal women (P=0.02). ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11207350/

The alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis (LbADH) is a versatile catalyst for enantioselective reduction of ketones. ... The alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis (LbADH) is a versatile catalyst for enantioselective reduction of ketones. ... "Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis: A Versatile Robust Catalyst for Enantioselective Transformations." Chemical ... "Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis: A Versatile Robust Catalyst for Enantioselective Transformations." Chemical ...

https://hrcak.srce.hr/clanak/104110

ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE5-BETA-D-RIBOFURANOSYLPICOLINAMIDE ADENINE-DINUCLEOTIDEETHANOLZINC ION ... 1ADC: CRYSTALLOGRAPHIC STUDIES OF ISOSTERIC NAD ANALOGUES BOUND TO ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE: SPECIFICITY AND SUBSTRATE BINDING IN ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/pdb/1ADC

Timeline for Family c.2.1.1: Alcohol dehydrogenase-like, C-terminal domain: *Family c.2.1.1: Alcohol dehydrogenase-like, C- ... Family c.2.1.1: Alcohol dehydrogenase-like, C-terminal domain appears in SCOPe 2.06. *Family c.2.1.1: Alcohol dehydrogenase- ... Putative zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenase [102131] (1 species). *. Species Mouse (Mus musculus) [TaxId:10090] [102132] (1 PDB ... Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH6 [110403] (1 species). *. Species Bakers yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) [TaxId:4932] [ ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=51736&ver=2.07

Kinetic data is presented for the alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. The results are ... This reaction is catalyzed in the human body by an enzyme called alcohol dehydrogenase. The data will be analyzed within the ... This page titled Enzyme Kinetics - Alcohol Dehydrogenase Catalyzed Oxidation of Ethanol is shared under a not declared license ... Goal: Kinetic data is presented for the alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. The results are ...

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Exercises%3A_Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry/Data-Driven_Exercises/Enzyme_Kinetics_-_Alcohol_Dehydrogenase_Catalyzed_Oxidation_of_Ethanol

Alcohol dehydrogenase; Crystal structure; Site-saturation mutagenesis; Directed evolution; Isobutyraldehyde; Biofuel. Issue or ... We have determined the X-ray crystal structures of the NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase LlAdhA from Lactococcus lactis and ... Structure-guided engineering of Lactococcus lactis alcohol dehydrogenase LlAdhA for improved conversion of isobutyraldehyde to ... we have achieved significant improvements in non-native alcohol dehydrogenase activity that will facilitate the production of ...

https://authors.library.caltech.edu/38883/

a long-chain primary fatty alcohol + H2O + 2 NAD(+) <=> a long-chain fatty acid + 3 H(+) + 2 NADH. ...

https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/1.1.1.192

Author(s): Smith, M; Hopkinson, DA; Harris, H

https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1462n3kh

Aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHEs) are bifunctional enzymes that commonly produce ethanol from acetyl-CoA with ... Abstract : Aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHEs) are bifunctional enzymes that commonly produce ethanol from acetyl-CoA with ... Concerted Up-regulation of Aldehyde/Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADHE) and Starch in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Increases Survival ... Concerted Up-regulation of Aldehyde/Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADHE) and Starch in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Increases Survival ...

https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01430308

Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]. Kind. protein. Organism. Humans. Protein. Name. UniProt ID. Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP(+)]. ...

https://go.drugbank.com/bio_entities/BE0004352

... dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHVII), a member of the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase family." Eur J Biochem 269:5738-5745. ...

http://www.ymdb.ca/proteins/P25377?smpdb_pathways=2

Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. On the primary structure of the ethanol-active isoenzyme ... Developmental changes and polymorphism in human alcohol dehydrogenase.. scientific article published in February 1971 ...

https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52330398

I dont have my time machine handy to lend out, but in several instances this was $99 with a 5ah battery and charger. Get this DeWalt ATOMIC 20-volt lithium-ion combo kit (4-Tool) with two 2.0 Ah batteries and charger and save 48%. Dealighted analyzed 578 new deal forum threads today and identified 197 that people really like. Use of this site is subject to certain Terms Of Use. Please call us at: 1-800-HOME-DEPOT (1-800-466-3337), Please enter in your email address in the following format: [email protected] Makita Long Blower Nozzle extends blower pipe closer to the ground providing improved operator comfort during use. Please call us at: 1-800-HOME-DEPOT (1-800-466-3337), Please enter in your email address in the following format: [email protected] Shipping is free . Its an amazing tool to blow the dust out of the garage, grass clippings off pathways after cutting the grass, clear saw dust off job sites. The DeWalt Flexvolt Handheld Axial blower is available complete with 3amp battery and charger ...

http://eruzo.com/038y8xim/acetaldehyde-dehydrogenase-alcohol-448131

The sequential actions of a putative fatty alcohol dehydrogenase and a putative fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase are thought to ... Alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3), an enzyme known to oxidize mid- and long-chain alcohols to aldehydes, was evaluated for its ... VMax/KM values for assayed NAEs were low relative to cinnamyl alcohol, one of the preferred substrates for ADH3. Our data ... The sequential actions of a putative fatty alcohol dehydrogenase and a putative fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase are thought to ...

https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/etd/313/

Onnela, M-L., Suihko, M-L., Keränen, S., & Penttilä, M. (1996). Use of a modified alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH1, promoter in ... Onnela, M-L, Suihko, M-L, Keränen, S & Penttilä, M 1996, Use of a modified alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH1, promoter in ... Use of a modified alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH1, promoter in construction of diacetyl non-producing brewers yeast. In: Journal ... Use of a modified alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH1, promoter in construction of diacetyl non-producing brewers yeast. Journal of ...

https://research.aalto.fi/en/publications/use-of-a-modified-alcohol-dehydrogenase-adh1-promoter-in-construc

The present work provides evidence for the occurrence of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in very minute concentration in ... Muralidhara DV, Desautels M. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in mouse brown adipose tissue. Indian Journal of Physiology and ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/107870

Human Alcohol Dehydrogenase Protein is a high quality research product available for a wide array of chemical, biochemical and ... Keywords: Alcohol dehydrogenase protein, ALDR1 protein, Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP+] Alcohol dehydrogenase protein, Aldehyde ... The genetics of alcohol metabolism: role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase variants Alcohol Res Health. 2007; ... Alcohol Dehydrogenases, Aldehyde Dehydrogenases, and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Critical Review Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2018 Dec;42 ...

https://moleculardepot.com/product/human-alcohol-dehydrogenase-protein/

Broad Specificity of a Zinc-dependent Small Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Thermotoga Maritima Involved in the Glycerol Dismutation ... Glycerol dehydrogenases (EC 1.1.1.6) catalyze the oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone (DHA) with the concomitant ... A putative glycerol dehydrogenase (TM0423) from Thermotoga maritima was functionally characterized using bioinformatic and ... suggesting that TM0423 is a divalent metal cation-dependent dehydrogenase. Additional substrates were screened to shed light on ...

https://libraetd.lib.virginia.edu/public_view/j3860715g

Two types of alleles exist in the human alcohol dehydrogenase-2 (ADH2) locus. The usual ADH21 allele is common in Caucasians, ... abstract = "Two types of alleles exist in the human alcohol dehydrogenase-2 (ADH2) locus. The usual ADH21 allele is common in ... N2 - Two types of alleles exist in the human alcohol dehydrogenase-2 (ADH2) locus. The usual ADH21 allele is common in ... AB - Two types of alleles exist in the human alcohol dehydrogenase-2 (ADH2) locus. The usual ADH21 allele is common in ...

https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/direct-determination-of-usual-caucasian-type-and-atypical-orienta-2

Zinc binding site 1 out of 4 in the Crystal Structure of the Nadp(H)-Dependent Vertebrate Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH8). Mono ... Zinc binding site 2 out of 4 in the Crystal Structure of the Nadp(H)-Dependent Vertebrate Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH8). Mono ... Zinc binding site 3 out of 4 in the Crystal Structure of the Nadp(H)-Dependent Vertebrate Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH8). Mono ... Zinc binding site 4 out of 4 in the Crystal Structure of the Nadp(H)-Dependent Vertebrate Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH8). Mono ...

http://zinc.atomistry.com/pdb1p0c.html

Alcoholic (ASH) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are advanced stages of fatty liver disease and two of the most ... ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase; ALDH2, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2; ASC, adaptor apoptosis speck protein; DAMPS, damage-associated ... ADH, alcohol dehydrogenase; ALDH2, acetaldehyde dehydrogenase 2; ASC, adaptor apoptosis speck protein; DAMPS, damage-associated ... Ethanol is metabolized in hepatocytes by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and the resulting generation of acetaldehyde is further ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/11/9/1475

Keywords: alcoholic beverage; alcohol dehydrogenase; bacteria; enzyme; isolation; palm wine; spoilage Abstract. Palm wine is a ... Partial Purification and Characterisation of Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Acetobacter aceti Isolated from Palm Wine * Donatus ... The study was designed to isolate Acetobacter aceti from palm wine, then extract, purify and characterize alcohol dehydrogenase ... ONAH, D. C., EZE, S. O. O., & ABA, P. E. (2016). Partial Purification and Characterisation of Alcohol Dehydrogenase from ...

https://www.notulaebiologicae.ro/index.php/nsb/article/view/9810

Alcohol dehydrogenase 3D structures References *↑ Ismaiel AA, Zhu CX, Colby GD, Chen JS. Purification and characterization of a ... ADH_CLOBE] Alcohol dehydrogenase with a preference for medium chain secondary alcohols, such as 2-butanol and isopropanol. Has ... Korkhin Y, Frolow F, Bogin O, Peretz M, Kalb AJ, Burstein Y. Crystalline alcohol dehydrogenases from the mesophilic bacterium ... Crystalline alcohol dehydrogenases from the mesophilic bacterium Clostridium beijerinckii and the thermophilic bacterium ...

https://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/1ped

... and liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 16:718-727. ... Q J Stud Alcohol 12:167-178.. 3. Nielsen GD, Alarie Y [1982]. Sensory irritation, pulmonary irritation, and respiratory ... However, the revised IDLH for ethyl alcohol is 3,300 ppm based strictly on safety considerations (i.e., being 10% of the lower ... 2. Lester D, Greenberg LA [1951]. The inhalation of ethyl alcohol by man. I. Industrial hygiene and medicolegal aspects. II. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/64175.html

... the term toxic alcohol has traditionally referred to isopropanol, methanol, and ethylene glycol. Prompt recognition and ... Although any alcohol can be toxic if ingested in large enough quantities, ... Genetic polymorphisms coding for alcohol dehydrogenase, the amount of alcohol consumed, and the rate at which ethanol is ... Without competition for alcohol dehydrogenase, methanol undergoes zero-order metabolism, and is thus is excreted at a rate of ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/812411-161716/what-is-the-prevalence-of-ethanol-alcohol-toxicity

Fusion of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase increases ethanol production in Escherichia coli. Title. Fusion of ... Alcohol Dehydrogenase, Escherichia coli, Ethanol, Models, Molecular, Pyruvate Decarboxylase, Recombinant Fusion Proteins. ... Heterologous expression of Zymomonas mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase (Pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhB) increases ethanol ... pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase increases ethanol production in Escherichia coli.. Publication Type. Journal ...

http://temp.crm.ed.ac.uk/publications/fusion-pyruvate-decarboxylase-and-alcohol-dehydrogenase-increases-ethanol-production

The role of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genotypes in alcohol-induced vasospastic angina. In: Tohoku ... The role of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genotypes in alcohol-induced vasospastic angina. Tohoku ... The role of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genotypes in alcohol-induced vasospastic angina. / Seki, ... The role of alcohol dehydrogenase 2 and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 genotypes in alcohol-induced vasospastic angina. ...

https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-role-of-alcohol-dehydrogenase-2-and-aldehyde-dehydrogenase-2-

You have a blood enzyme deficiency (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency). (pharmeasy.in)
Haemoglobinophathies (including thalassaemia and sickle-cell disease) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, which are not covered by the ICD-10 definition of congenital anomalies, account for 6% of all congenital disorders. (who.int)

The enzymes cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR) and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) catalyze the two key reduction reactions in the conversion of cinnamic acid derivatives into monolignol building blocks for lignin polymers in plant cell walls. (rcsb.org)
Characterization of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae NADP(H)-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHVII), a member of the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase family. (ymdb.ca)
V Max /K M values for assayed NAEs were low relative to cinnamyl alcohol, one of the preferred substrates for ADH3. (usf.edu)
Characterization of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase of Helicobacter pylori. (bvsalud.org)

The sequential actions of a putative fatty alcohol dehydrogenase and a putative fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase are thought to affect the NAD+-dependent oxidation of the NAEs to the NAGs. (usf.edu)
Alcohol dehydrogenase 3 (ADH3), an enzyme known to oxidize mid- and long-chain alcohols to aldehydes, was evaluated for its potential in oxidation of NAEs to N -acylglycinals. (usf.edu)
Glycerol dehydrogenases (EC 1.1.1.6) catalyze the oxidation of glycerol to dihydroxyacetone (DHA) with the concomitant reduction of NAD + to NADH, which can be assayed at 340 nm. (virginia.edu)
Identification of human liver aldehyde dehydrogenases that catalyze the oxidation of aldophosphamide and retinaldehyde. (wikigenes.org)
The fatty acids produced by the action of alcohol dehydrogenase followed by aldehyde dehydrogenation enter the β-oxidation cycle producing acetyl-CoA products (and a propionyl-CoA from odd chain-length molecules) and ATP. (europa.eu)
The alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzed oxidation of cyclooctanol into the corresponding ketone also proceeded with over 95 % conversion. (chemistryviews.org)
The UDP-glucose/GDP-mannose dehydrogenaseses are a small group of enzymes which possesses the ability to catalyze the NAD-dependent 2-fold oxidation of an alcohol to an acid without the release of an aldehyde intermediate. (umbc.edu)

A polymorphism in the gene for alcohol dehydrogenase type 3 (ADH3) alters the rate of alcohol metabolism. (nih.gov)
The bacterial gene, encoding alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase (alpha-ALDC), was expressed in a bottom-fermenting brewer's yeast under the control of a modified Saccharomyces cerevisiae alcohol dehydrogenase (ADHI) promoter which lacks the upstream regions from -800 bp to -1500 bp. (aalto.fi)
Ladenstein, R., Winberg, J.-O., Benach, J., Medium- and shortchain dehydrogenase/reductase gene and protein families: Structure-function relationships in short-chain alcohol dehydrogenases (2008) Cell. (cnr.it)
Bradley, R , Amman, B, Hanson, J & Longhofer, L 2006, ' Intron 2 of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ADH1-I2): a nuclear DNA marker for mammalian systematics ', Occasional Papers, Museum of Texas Tech University . (ttu.edu)
Alcohol dehydrogenase (AD) encoding gene cDNA was a noticeable transcript among the generated ESTs. (phcogres.com)
Gene variations that result in skin flushing, nausea, headaches, and rapid heartbeat when drinking alcohol discourage its consumption and reduce the risk of alcohol use disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
Populations that have a higher prevalence of such gene variations, such as people of Asian or Jewish descent, tend to have a lower risk of alcohol use disorder than other populations. (medlineplus.gov)
Alcohol and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase gene polymorphism and alcoholism. (wikigenes.org)
Diverse polymorphism within a short coding region of the human aldehyde dehydrogenase-5 (ALDH5) gene. (wikigenes.org)
A DNA sequence coding for human leuco-cyte interferon was attached to the yeast alcohol dehydrogenase gene in a plas-mid and introduced into cells of Saccharomyces cerevisae. (biologydiscussion.com)
Mutations in the ALDH3A2 gene (17p11.2) are responsible for this autosomal recessive disorder resulting in a deficiency of fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. (arizona.edu)

Two tetrameric NADP(+)-dependent bacterial secondary alcohol dehydrogenases have been crystallized in the apo- and the holo-enzyme forms. (proteopedia.org)

These enzymes are closely related members of the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) superfamily. (rcsb.org)
Alcohol dehydrogenase protein, ALDR1 protein, Alcohol dehydrogenase [NADP+] Alcohol dehydrogenase protein, Aldehyde reductase protein, AKR1A1 protein, ARM protein, aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1 (aldehyde reductase). (moleculardepot.com)

Alcohol metabolism Clin Liver Dis. (moleculardepot.com)
The genetics of alcohol metabolism: role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase variants Alcohol Res Health. (moleculardepot.com)
Alcohol Metabolism in the Progression of Human Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Toxicol Sci. (moleculardepot.com)
Genetic polymorphisms coding for alcohol dehydrogenase, the amount of alcohol consumed, and the rate at which ethanol is consumed all affect the speed of metabolism. (medscape.com)
Without competition for alcohol dehydrogenase, methanol undergoes zero-order metabolism, and is thus is excreted at a rate of 8.5 mg/dL/h to 20 mg/dL/h. (medscape.com)
Increased ethanol toxicity in old rats: changes in LD50, in vivo and in vitro metabolism, and liver alcohol dehydrogenase activity. (cdc.gov)
Variations in genes that affect the metabolism (breakdown) of alcohol in the body have been studied as factors that can increase or decrease the risk of alcohol use disorder. (medlineplus.gov)
The role of decreased gastric alcohol dehydrogenase activity and first-pass metabolism. (bvsalud.org)
Research on alcohol metabolism among Asians and its implications for understanding causes of alcoholism. (cdc.gov)

Aldehyde/alcohol dehydrogenases (ADHEs) are bifunctional enzymes that commonly produce ethanol from acetyl-CoA with acetaldehyde as intermediate, and play a key role in anaerobic redox balance in many fermenting bacteria. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
The racial difference in alcohol-related problems could be related to the genetic differences in ADH and other ethanol-metabolizing enzymes. (elsevier.com)
Fusion of pyruvate decarboxylase and alcohol dehydrogenase increases ethanol production in Escherichia coli. (ed.ac.uk)
Heterologous expression of Zymomonas mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase (Pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhB) increases ethanol production in Escherichia coli. (ed.ac.uk)
Most commercially available alcohol-based hand sanitizers or rubs (ABHSR) contain either ethanol or isopropanol as active ingredients. (cdc.gov)
Examples include young children who accidentally swallow these products and adolescents or adults who intentionally swallow these products as an alcohol (ethanol) substitute. (cdc.gov)

3: Crabb DW, Matsumoto M, Chang D, You M. Overview of the role of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase and their variants in the genesis of alcohol-related pathology Proc Nutr Soc. (moleculardepot.com)

Scientists in Korea recently discovered that a product found in the shoots and leaves of asparagus boosted levels of the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, which help digest alcohol," says Zuckerbrot. (muscleandfitness.com)

Alcohol dehydrogenase isozymes in adult human stomach and liver: evidence for activity of the ADH 3 locus. (escholarship.org)
Horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase. (wikidata.org)
Human Liver-Alcohol Dehydrogenase. (wikidata.org)
[ 10 ] Methanol is primarily metabolized in the liver via alcohol dehydrogenase into formaldehyde. (medscape.com)
Long-term overuse of alcohol also increases the risk of certain cancers, including cancers of the mouth, throat, esophagus, liver, and breast. (medlineplus.gov)
Which is the same thing that happens when your body metabolizes alcohol in its liver. (libarynth.org)
Glucose and insulin tolerance tests in vivo were performed, and protein levels of 11-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11-HSD1) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in liver and Hepa 1-6 cells were measured. (umanitoba.ca)
Alcohol consumption, liver disease, heart attacks, and other normal factors have been shown to raise this value. (baysport.com)

The present work provides evidence for the occurrence of the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in very minute concentration in mice brown adipose tissue (BAT). (who.int)
This conversion involves three discrete enzymes: the microsomal cytochrome P450 isoenzyme CYP2E1, the cytosol-based enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), and the peroxisome catalase system. (medscape.com)

Purification and characterization of a primary-secondary alcohol dehydrogenase from two strains of Clostridium beijerinckii. (proteopedia.org)

alcohol dehydrogenase with broad substrate specificity and unusual stereospecificity for organic synthesis (1992) J. Org. (cnr.it)

A putative glycerol dehydrogenase (TM0423) from Thermotoga maritima was functionally characterized using bioinformatic and biochemical techniques. (virginia.edu)

Alcohol Dehydrogenases, Aldehyde Dehydrogenases, and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Critical Review Alcohol Clin Exp Res. (moleculardepot.com)

You see, what Owades knew was that active dry yeast has an enzyme in it called alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH). (libarynth.org)

Crystalline alcohol dehydrogenases from the mesophilic bacterium Clostridium beijerinckii and the thermophilic bacterium Thermoanaerobium brockii: preparation, characterization and molecular symmetry. (proteopedia.org)
Korkhin Y, Frolow F, Bogin O, Peretz M, Kalb AJ, Burstein Y. Crystalline alcohol dehydrogenases from the mesophilic bacterium Clostridium beijerinckii and the thermophilic bacterium Thermoanaerobium brockii: preparation, characterization and molecular symmetry. (proteopedia.org)

Although any alcohol can be toxic if ingested in large enough quantities, the term toxic alcohol has traditionally referred to isopropanol, methanol, and ethylene glycol. (medscape.com)
On June 19, 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advised consumers not to use any hand sanitizer manufactured by "Eskbiochem SA de CV" in Mexico, due to the potential presence of methanol , a "toxic alcohol", as an active ingredient, which can cause blindness and/or death when absorbed through the skin or when swallowed. (cdc.gov)
Treatment of methanol poisoning includes supportive care, administration of an alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor (e.g., fomepizole), and hemodialysis. (cdc.gov)
Clinicians should advise patients to immediately seek medical treatment if they have been exposed to methanol-containing alcohol-based hand sanitizers on the "FDA's testing and manufacturer's recalls" list ( https://www.fda.gov/drugs/drug-safety-and-availability/fda-updates-hand-sanitzers-methanol external icon ) and are experiencing symptoms. (cdc.gov)

Formaldehyde is subsequently metabolized via aldehyde dehydrogenase into formic acid, which ultimately is metabolized to folic acid, folinic acid, carbon dioxide, and water. (medscape.com)
Formaldehyde has been used since decades as a time tested embalming fluid material either alone or in mixture with methyl alcohol, thymol crystals, glycerin and water. (ijmhr.org)
We in Medical College, Raigarh use 37% formaldehyde, 7% methyl alcohol and the remaining water to prepare embalming solution for cadavers. (ijmhr.org)

LDH stands for lactate dehydrogenase. (baysport.com)
Arterial blood gas at room air showed: pH 7.1, pCO 2 26mmHg, pO 2 82mmHg and serum lactate 13.4mMol/L. Urine drug screen, alcohol levels and repeated pan-cultures were negative. (openurologyandnephrologyjournal.com)
Our results showed that all dosages induced no significant alterations in growth parameters and the seric levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase, when compared to the control group. (blogspot.com)

Human Alcohol Dehydrogenase Protein is a high quality recombinant human alcohol dehydrogenase protein. (moleculardepot.com)

Goihberg E, Peretz M, Tel-Or S, Dym O, Shimon L, Frolow F, Burstein Y. Biochemical and Structural Properties of Chimeras Constructed by Exchange of Cofactor-Binding Domains in Alcohol Dehydrogenases from Thermophilic and Mesophilic Microorganisms. (proteopedia.org)

We investigated the relation among the ADH3 polymorphism, the level of alcohol consumption, and the risk of myocardial infarction in a nested case-control study based on data from the prospective Physicians' Health Study. (nih.gov)
Developmental changes and polymorphism in human alcohol dehydrogenase. (wikidata.org)

fatty alcohol oxidoreductase. (expasy.org)
This can lead to long-chain fatty alcohol accumulation as demonstrated in the brain with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (arizona.edu)

Isopropanol is primarily metabolized via alcohol dehydrogenase to acetone. (medscape.com)
ADH_CLOBE ] Alcohol dehydrogenase with a preference for medium chain secondary alcohols, such as 2-butanol and isopropanol. (proteopedia.org)

We examined the relations among the level of alcohol intake, the ADH3 genotype, and plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in this study population and in a similar cohort of women. (nih.gov)
We confirmed the interaction among the ADH3 genotype, the level of alcohol consumption, and the HDL level in an independent study of postmenopausal women (P=0.02). (nih.gov)

Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isozymes in the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica): tissue and subcellular distribution and biochemical genetics of ALDH3. (wikigenes.org)

Alcohol Dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis: A Versatile Robust Catalyst for Enantioselective Transformations', Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Quarterly , 25(2), str. (srce.hr)
The alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus brevis (LbADH) is a versatile catalyst for enantioselective reduction of ketones. (srce.hr)

Structural and functional insights into (S)-ureidoglycolate dehydrogenase, a metabolic branch point enzyme in nitrogen utilization. (ebi.ac.uk)

Roughly put, ADH is able to break alcohol molecules down into their constituent parts of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. (libarynth.org)

Ikuta, T , Shibuya, A & Yoshida, A 1988, ' Direct determination of usual (Caucasian-type) and atypical (oriental-type) alleles of the class I human alcohol dehydrogenase-2 locus ', Biochemical Genetics , vol. 26, no. 7-8, pp. 519-525. (elsevier.com)
Molecular genetics of human aldehyde dehydrogenase. (wikigenes.org)

2) Fomepizole act by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase. (examyear.com)

Aragee is a sprit distilled alcoholic beverage that have the highest alcohol content, produced by the distillation of fermented dates. (bvsalud.org)

The present work portrays accumulated evidence on the association between alcohol consumption and TB with the aim to clarify the nature of the relationship. (biomedcentral.com)
A systematic review of existing scientific data on the association between alcohol consumption and TB, and on studies relevant for clarification of causality was undertaken. (biomedcentral.com)
Tobacco use and excessive alcohol consumption have been estimated to account for about 90% of cancers in the oral cavity. (bvsalud.org)
Avoid consumption of alcohol during treatment with GLEZNOR M 60 as it may increase the risk of lactic acidosis and low blood sugar levels. (netmeds.com)

Habitual excessive use of alcohol changes the chemistry of the brain and leads to tolerance, which means that over time the amount of alcohol ingested needs to be increased to achieve the same effect. (medlineplus.gov)

[ 9 , 10 ] Although the macrocytosis of alcoholism may be secondary to poor nutrition with a resulting folate or vitamin B12 deficiency, it is more often due to direct toxicity of the alcohol on the marrow. (medscape.com)
Maternal illnesses like diabetes mellitus, conditions such as iodine and folic acid deficiency, and exposure to medicines and recreational drugs including alcohol and tobacco, certain environmental chemicals, and high doses of radiation are other factors that cause birth defects. (who.int)
B3: Pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency. (openurologyandnephrologyjournal.com)

An alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) for the reduction of ketones and aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols. (matthey.com)

5: Orywal K, Szmitkowski M. Alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase in malignant neoplasms Clin Exp Med. (moleculardepot.com)
The hypothesized existence of cancer stem cells (CSC) and its markers aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1), CD44, SOX2 and OCT4 in oral dysplastic tissues provides the potential for a more reliable assessment of malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED). (jomfp.in)

6: Chrostek L, Szmitkowski M. [Human alcohol dehydrogenase] Postepy Hig Med Dosw. (moleculardepot.com)
Two types of alleles exist in the human alcohol dehydrogenase-2 (ADH 2 ) locus. (elsevier.com)

The yellow section is included in E. coli strains type I, which produce coniferyl alcohol from tyrosine. (hhu.de)
E. coli strains type II express the genes necessary for the pathway section highlighted in blue, resulting in the production of secoisolariciresinol from coniferyl alcohol. (hhu.de)

Combining detailed structural information and directed evolution, we have achieved significant improvements in non-native alcohol dehydrogenase activity that will facilitate the production of next-generation fuels such as isobutanol from renewable resources. (caltech.edu)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in mouse brown adipose tissue. (who.int)
Muralidhara DV, Desautels M. Alcohol dehydrogenase activity in mouse brown adipose tissue. (who.int)
Exposure to the chelating agent EDTA resulted in complete loss of activity while subsequent reintroduction of metal co-factors to a metal-deficient reaction mixture restored function, suggesting that TM0423 is a divalent metal cation-dependent dehydrogenase. (virginia.edu)

It includes alcoholism, also called alcohol addiction, which is a long-lasting (chronic) condition characterized by a powerful, compulsive urge to drink alcohol and the inability to stop drinking after starting. (medlineplus.gov)
In addition to alcoholism, alcohol use disorder includes alcohol abuse, which involves problem drinking without addiction. (medlineplus.gov)
The macrocytosis of alcoholism usually reverses only after months of abstinence from alcohol. (medscape.com)

We have determined the X-ray crystal structures of the NADH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase LlAdhA from Lactococcus lactis and its laboratory-evolved variant LlAdhA^(RE1) at 1.9 Å and 2.5 Å resolution, respectively. (caltech.edu)

Anatomy2

Organisms22

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs155

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment19

Psychiatry and Psychology7

Phenomena and Processes41

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science4

Health Care3

Hsp60 is targeted to a cryptic mitochondrion-derived organelle ("crypton") in the microaerophilic protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. (1/1587)

Ciprofloxacin decreases the rate of ethanol elimination in humans. (2/1587)

Diet, genetic susceptibility and human cancer etiology. (3/1587)

Ciprofloxacin administration decreases enhanced ethanol elimination in ethanol-fed rats. (4/1587)

Linkage disequilibrium at the ADH2 and ADH3 loci and risk of alcoholism. (5/1587)

Biochemical characterization of the small heat shock protein IbpB from Escherichia coli. (6/1587)

Nonsense mutations in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene of Drosophila melanogaster correlate with an abnormal 3' end processing of the corresponding pre-mRNA. (7/1587)

Drosophila lebanonensis alcohol dehydrogenase: pH dependence of the kinetic coefficients. (8/1587)

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Alcohol Oxidoreductases

Alcohol Drinking

Alcohols

Ethanol

L-Lactate Dehydrogenase

Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

NAD

Aldehyde Oxidoreductases

L-Iditol 2-Dehydrogenase

Acetaldehyde

Horses

Receptor Cross-Talk

Sugar Alcohol Dehydrogenases

Malate Dehydrogenase

Glutamate Dehydrogenase

Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase

Kinetics

Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

Benzyl Alcohols

Butanols

Liver

Molecular Sequence Data

Alcoholism

Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases

Amino Acid Sequence

Isoenzymes

Benzyl Alcohol

Substrate Specificity

Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase

Glycerolphosphate Dehydrogenase

Succinate Dehydrogenase

NADP

Coenzymes

Oxidation-Reduction

1-Propanol

Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

Benzaldehydes

Aldehydes

Rabies

Base Sequence

Oxidoreductases

Cloning, Molecular

Ketoglutarate Dehydrogenase Complex

Mannitol Dehydrogenases

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases

17-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

Methanol

3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase

Acetobacter

NADH Dehydrogenase

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenases

Propanols

IMP Dehydrogenase

Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Lactate Dehydrogenases

PQQ Cofactor

Alcoholic Intoxication

Chemistry, Inorganic

Formate Dehydrogenases

Central Nervous System Depressants

Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase

Xanthine Dehydrogenase

Zinc

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Pyruvate Decarboxylase

Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods, Irregular

3-Methyl-2-Oxobutanoate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)

Retinal Dehydrogenase

Fermentation

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders

Escherichia coli

Alcoholic Beverages

Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (Lipoamide)

Propane

Ketone Oxidoreductases

11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases

Electrophoresis, Starch Gel