Albinism ocular. Medical search

General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair.

Heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders comprising at least four recognized types, all having in common varying degrees of hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. The two most common are the tyrosinase-positive and tyrosinase-negative types.

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction between L-tyrosine, L-dopa, and oxygen to yield L-dopa, dopaquinone, and water. It is a copper protein that acts also on catechols, catalyzing some of the same reactions as CATECHOL OXIDASE. EC 1.14.18.1.

Syndrome characterized by the triad of oculocutaneous albinism (ALBINISM, OCULOCUTANEOUS); PLATELET STORAGE POOL DEFICIENCY; and lysosomal accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin.

Involuntary movements of the eye that are divided into two types, jerk and pendular. Jerk nystagmus has a slow phase in one direction followed by a corrective fast phase in the opposite direction, and is usually caused by central or peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Pendular nystagmus features oscillations that are of equal velocity in both directions and this condition is often associated with visual loss early in life. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p272)

A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.

The common orally transmitted traditions, myths, festivals, songs, superstitions, and stories of all peoples.

Melanin-containing organelles found in melanocytes and melanophores.

Nystagmus present at birth or caused by lesions sustained in utero or at the time of birth. It is usually pendular, and is associated with ALBINISM and conditions characterized by early loss of central vision. Inheritance patterns may be X-linked, autosomal dominant, or recessive. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p275)

The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.

A condition in which the intraocular pressure is elevated above normal and which may lead to glaucoma.

Color of the iris.

Mammalian pigment cells that produce MELANINS, pigments found mainly in the EPIDERMIS, but also in the eyes and the hair, by a process called melanogenesis. Coloration can be altered by the number of melanocytes or the amount of pigment produced and stored in the organelles called MELANOSOMES. The large non-mammalian melanin-containing cells are called MELANOPHORES.

Coloration or discoloration of a part by a pigment.

Albinism affecting the eye in which pigment of the hair and skin is normal or only slightly diluted. The classic type is X-linked (Nettleship-Falls), but an autosomal recessive form also exists. Ocular abnormalities may include reduced pigmentation of the iris, nystagmus, photophobia, strabismus, and decreased visual acuity.

Insoluble polymers of TYROSINE derivatives found in and causing darkness in skin (SKIN PIGMENTATION), hair, and feathers providing protection against SUNBURN induced by SUNLIGHT. CAROTENES contribute yellow and red coloration.

Autosomal dominant, congenital disorder characterized by localized hypomelanosis of the skin and hair. The most familiar feature is a white forelock presenting in 80 to 90 percent of the patients. The underlying defect is possibly related to the differentiation and migration of melanoblasts, as well as to defective development of the neural crest (neurocristopathy). Piebaldism may be closely related to WAARDENBURG SYNDROME.

Infection caused by the protozoan parasite TOXOPLASMA in which there is extensive connective tissue proliferation, the retina surrounding the lesions remains normal, and the ocular media remain clear. Chorioretinitis may be associated with all forms of toxoplasmosis, but is usually a late sequel of congenital toxoplasmosis. The severe ocular lesions in infants may lead to blindness.

The electric response evoked in the cerebral cortex by visual stimulation or stimulation of the visual pathways.

Abnormal sensitivity to light. This may occur as a manifestation of EYE DISEASES; MIGRAINE; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; MENINGITIS; and other disorders. Photophobia may also occur in association with DEPRESSION and other MENTAL DISORDERS.

Coloration of the skin.

A form of phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction characterized by unusual oculocutaneous albinism, high incidence of lymphoreticular neoplasms, and recurrent pyogenic infections. In many cell types, abnormal lysosomes are present leading to defective pigment distribution and abnormal neutrophil functions. The disease is transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance and a similar disorder occurs in the beige mouse, the Aleutian mink, and albino Hereford cattle.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.

Recording of nystagmus based on changes in the electrical field surrounding the eye produced by the difference in potential between the cornea and the retina.

Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.

The functional superiority and preferential use of one eye over the other. The term is usually applied to superiority in sighting (VISUAL PERCEPTION) or motor task but not difference in VISUAL ACUITY or dysfunction of one of the eyes. Ocular dominance can be modified by visual input and NEUROTROPHIC FACTORS.

Genetic diseases that are linked to gene mutations on the X CHROMOSOME in humans (X CHROMOSOME, HUMAN) or the X CHROMOSOME in other species. Included here are animal models of human X-linked diseases.

Measurement of ocular tension (INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE) with a tonometer. (Cline, et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

A plant family of the order Liliales, subclass Liliidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Most species are perennials, native primarily to tropical America. They have creeping rootstocks, fibrous roots, and leaves in clusters at the base of the plant or borne on branched stems. The fruit is a capsule containing many seeds, or a one-seeded winged structure.

Refraction of LIGHT effected by the media of the EYE.

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

The concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, seen by means of the ophthalmoscope. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

The most anterior portion of the uveal layer, separating the anterior chamber from the posterior. It consists of two layers - the stroma and the pigmented epithelium. Color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in the stroma on reflection from the pigmented epithelium.

Tumors or cancer of the EYE.

A family of fresh water fish in the order CHARACIFORMES, which includes the Tetras.

The state of estrangement individuals feel in cultural settings that they view as foreign, unpredictable, or unacceptable.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction between catechol and oxygen to yield benzoquinone and water. It is a complex of copper-containing proteins that acts also on a variety of substituted catechols. EC 1.10.3.1.

Disorders that feature impairment of eye movements as a primary manifestation of disease. These conditions may be divided into infranuclear, nuclear, and supranuclear disorders. Diseases of the eye muscles or oculomotor cranial nerves (III, IV, and VI) are considered infranuclear. Nuclear disorders are caused by disease of the oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens nuclei in the BRAIN STEM. Supranuclear disorders are produced by dysfunction of higher order sensory and motor systems that control eye movements, including neural networks in the CEREBRAL CORTEX; BASAL GANGLIA; CEREBELLUM; and BRAIN STEM. Ocular torticollis refers to a head tilt that is caused by an ocular misalignment. Opsoclonus refers to rapid, conjugate oscillations of the eyes in multiple directions, which may occur as a parainfectious or paraneoplastic condition (e.g., OPSOCLONUS-MYOCLONUS SYNDROME). (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p240)

The layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA; the CILIARY BODY; and the IRIS in the eye.

Geological formations consisting of underground enclosures with access from the surface.

A heterogeneous group of bone dysplasias, the common character of which is stippling of the epiphyses in infancy. The group includes a severe autosomal recessive form (CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, RHIZOMELIC), an autosomal dominant form (Conradi-Hunermann syndrome), and a milder X-linked form. Metabolic defects associated with impaired peroxisomes are present only in the rhizomelic form.

The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Processes and properties of the EYE as a whole or of any of its parts.

An area approximately 1.5 millimeters in diameter within the macula lutea where the retina thins out greatly because of the oblique shifting of all layers except the pigment epithelium layer. It includes the sloping walls of the fovea (clivus) and contains a few rods in its periphery. In its center (foveola) are the cones most adapted to yield high visual acuity, each cone being connected to only one ganglion cell. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Damage or trauma inflicted to the eye by external means. The concept includes both surface injuries and intraocular injuries.

Color of hair or fur.

Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.

The X-shaped structure formed by the meeting of the two optic nerves. At the optic chiasm the fibers from the medial part of each retina cross to project to the other side of the brain while the lateral retinal fibers continue on the same side. As a result each half of the brain receives information about the contralateral visual field from both eyes.

The pressure of the fluids in the eye.

Tuberculous infection of the eye, primarily the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

The fluid secreted by the lacrimal glands. This fluid moistens the CONJUNCTIVA and CORNEA.

The process in which light signals are transformed by the PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS into electrical signals which can then be transmitted to the brain.

Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)

Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris.

Sterile solutions that are intended for instillation into the eye. It does not include solutions for cleaning eyeglasses or CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS.

Disorder characterized by a decrease or lack of platelet dense bodies in which the releasable pool of adenine nucleotides and 5HT are normally stored.

Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.

A genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by hypothalamic GNRH deficiency and OLFACTORY NERVE defects. It is characterized by congenital HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM and ANOSMIA, possibly with additional midline defects. It can be transmitted as an X-linked (GENETIC DISEASES, X-LINKED), an autosomal dominant, or an autosomal recessive trait.

A republic in western Africa, south of SENEGAL and MALI, east of GUINEA-BISSAU. Its capital is Conakry.

Set of cell bodies and nerve fibers conducting impulses from the eyes to the cerebral cortex. It includes the RETINA; OPTIC NERVE; optic tract; and geniculocalcarine tract.

The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The ten-layered nervous tissue membrane of the eye. It is continuous with the OPTIC NERVE and receives images of external objects and transmits visual impulses to the brain. Its outer surface is in contact with the CHOROID and the inner surface with the VITREOUS BODY. The outer-most layer is pigmented, whereas the inner nine layers are transparent.

An autosomal dominant disorder caused by deletion of the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 (15q11-q13) or by inheritance of both of the pair of chromosomes 15 from the mother (UNIPARENTAL DISOMY) which are imprinted (GENETIC IMPRINTING) and hence silenced. Clinical manifestations include MENTAL RETARDATION; MUSCULAR HYPOTONIA; HYPERPHAGIA; OBESITY; short stature; HYPOGONADISM; STRABISMUS; and HYPERSOMNOLENCE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p229)

Mild to severe infections of the eye and its adjacent structures (adnexa) by adult or larval protozoan or metazoan parasites.

An island in the Greater Antilles in the West Indies. Its capital is San Juan. It is a self-governing commonwealth in union with the United States. It was discovered by Columbus in 1493 but no colonization was attempted until 1508. It belonged to Spain until ceded to the United States in 1898. It became a commonwealth with autonomy in internal affairs in 1952. Columbus named the island San Juan for St. John's Day, the Monday he arrived, and the bay Puerto Rico, rich harbor. The island became Puerto Rico officially in 1932. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p987 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p436)

A melanocortin receptor subtype found primarily in MELANOCYTES. It shows specificity for ALPHA-MSH and ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. Loss of function mutations of the type 1 melanocortin receptor account for the majority of red hair and fair skin recessive traits in human.

Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE only in the homozygous state.

Infection, moderate to severe, caused by bacteria, fungi, or viruses, which occurs either on the external surface of the eye or intraocularly with probable inflammation, visual impairment, or blindness.

Inflammation of part or all of the uvea, the middle (vascular) tunic of the eye, and commonly involving the other tunics (sclera and cornea, and the retina). (Dorland, 27th ed)

Chromatophores (large pigment cells of fish, amphibia, reptiles and many invertebrates) which contain melanin. Short term color changes are brought about by an active redistribution of the melanophores pigment containing organelles (MELANOSOMES). Mammals do not have melanophores; however they have retained smaller pigment cells known as MELANOCYTES.

Corneal and conjunctival dryness due to deficient tear production, predominantly in menopausal and post-menopausal women. Filamentary keratitis or erosion of the conjunctival and corneal epithelium may be caused by these disorders. Sensation of the presence of a foreign body in the eye and burning of the eyes may occur.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Chemical or physical agents that protect the skin from sunburn and erythema by absorbing or blocking ultraviolet radiation.

Abnormally low intraocular pressure often related to chronic inflammation (uveitis).

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

A republic in southern Africa, east of ZAMBIA and BOTSWANA and west of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Harare. It was formerly called Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia.

A family of large adaptin protein complex subunits of approximately 90-130 kDa in size.

The transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the CRYSTALLINE LENS of the EYE and in front of the RETINA. It is contained in a thin hyaloid membrane and forms about four fifths of the optic globe.

Recording of electric potentials in the retina after stimulation by light.

Voluntary or reflex-controlled movements of the eye.

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.

Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).

An oval area in the retina, 3 to 5 mm in diameter, usually located temporal to the posterior pole of the eye and slightly below the level of the optic disk. It is characterized by the presence of a yellow pigment diffusely permeating the inner layers, contains the fovea centralis in its center, and provides the best phototropic visual acuity. It is devoid of retinal blood vessels, except in its periphery, and receives nourishment from the choriocapillaris of the choroid. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Diseases of the cornea.

The clear, watery fluid which fills the anterior and posterior chambers of the eye. It has a refractive index lower than the crystalline lens, which it surrounds, and is involved in the metabolism of the cornea and the crystalline lens. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p319)

A naturally occurring lipid pigment with histochemical characteristics similar to lipofuscin. It accumulates in various tissues in certain experimental and pathological conditions.

An amino acid-specifying codon that has been converted to a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR) by mutation. Its occurance is abnormal causing premature termination of protein translation and results in production of truncated and non-functional proteins. A nonsense mutation is one that converts an amino acid-specific codon to a stop codon.

Congenital absence of or defects in structures of the eye; may also be hereditary.

Albinism: its implications for refractive development. (1/72)

PURPOSE: Albinism involves the mutation of one or more of the genes associated with melanin synthesis and has many ramifications for vision. This study focuses on the refractive implications of albinism in the context of emmetropization. METHODS: Refractive, biometric, and visual acuity data were collected for a group of 25 albino individuals that included the following: 18 oculocutaneous (13 tyrosine positive, 5 tyrosine negative); 7 ocular (2 autosomal recessive, 5 sex-linked recessive). Their age range was 3 to 51 years. All exhibited horizontal pendular nystagmus. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences relating to albino subtype for any of the measured parameters. All the subjects had reduced visual acuity (mean: 0.90, logMAR) and overall, there was a bias toward hyperopia in their refractive errors (mean: + 1.07 D). However the refractive errors of the group covered a broad range (SD: 4.67 D) and included both high myopia and high hyperopia. An axial origin to the refractive errors is implied by the high correlation between refractive errors and axial lengths. Refractive astigmatism averaged 2.37 D and was consistently with-the-rule and highly correlated with corneal astigmatism, which was also with-the-rule. Meridional analysis of the refractive data indicated that the vertical meridian for hyperopic subjects was consistently nearer emmetropia compared to their horizontal meridian. Myopic subjects showed the opposite trend. CONCLUSIONS: The overall refractive profile of the subjects is consistent with emmetropization being impaired in albinism. However, the refractive errors of hyperopic subjects also can be explained in terms of "meridional emmetropization." The contrasting refractive profiles of myopic subjects may reflect operational constraints of the emmetropization process. (+info)

Oa1 knock-out: new insights on the pathogenesis of ocular albinism type 1. (2/72)

Ocular albinism type I (OA1) is an X-linked disorder characterized by severe reduction of visual acuity, strabismus, photophobia and nystagmus. Ophthalmologic examination reveals hypopigmentation of the retina, foveal hypoplasia and iris translucency. Microscopic examination of both retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and skin melanocytes shows the presence of large pigment granules called giant melanosomes or macromelanosomes. In this study, we have generated and characterized Oa1-deficient mice by gene targeting (KO). The KO males are viable, fertile and phenotypically indistinguishable from the wild-type littermates. Ophthalmologic examination shows hypopigmentation of the ocular fundus in mutant animals compared with wild-type. Analysis of the retinofugal pathway reveals a reduction in the size of the uncrossed pathway, demonstrating a misrouting of the optic fibres at the chiasm, as observed in OA1 patients. Microscopic examination of the RPE shows the presence of giant melanosomes comparable with those described in OA1 patients. Ultrastructural analysis of the RPE cells, suggests that the giant melanosomes may form by abnormal growth of single melanosomes, rather than the fusion of several, shedding light on the pathogenesis of ocular albinism. (+info)

Expression pattern of the ocular albinism type 1 (Oa1) gene in the murine retinal pigment epithelium. (3/72)

PURPOSE: Mutations in the OA1 gene cause ocular albinism type 1 (OA1), an X-linked form of albinism affecting only the eye, with skin pigmentation appearing normal. To better understand the pathogenesis of this disease the time of onset and the pattern of expression of the mouse homolog of the OA1 gene were monitored during eye development. The localization of Oa1 mRNA was studied and compared with the expression of other genes involved in melanosomal biogenesis. METHODS: The Oa1 expression pattern during eye development and after birth was analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization. Localization of Oa1 mRNA was compared with TYROSINASE: (TYR:), pink-eyed dilution (p), and Pax2 expression patterns. RESULTS: RT-PCR revealed that Oa1 expression began at embryonic day (E)10.5 and was maintained until adulthood. By in situ hybridization analysis Oa1 transcripts were detected in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) beginning at E10.5 in the dorsal part of the eyecup and in the same area where transcripts of other genes involved in pigmentation are found. Of note, the expression pattern of these genes was complementary to Pax2 expression, which was restricted to the ventral side of the optic cup. At later stages, expression of Oa1, TYR:, and p expanded to the entire RPE and ciliary body. CONCLUSIONS: Oa1 expression can be detected at early stages of RPE development, together with other genes involved in pigmentation defects. Oa1 is likely to play an important function in melanosomal biogenesis in the RPE beginning during the earliest steps of melanosome formation. (+info)

Defective intracellular transport and processing of OA1 is a major cause of ocular albinism type 1. (4/72)

Ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) is an X-linked disorder mainly characterized by a severe reduction of visual acuity, hypopigmentation of the retina and the presence of macromelanosomes in the skin and eyes. Various types of mutation have been identified within the OA1 gene in patients with the disorder, including several missense mutations of unknown functional significance. In order to shed light into the molecular pathogenesis of ocular albinism and possibly define critical functional domains within the OA1 protein, we characterized 19 independent missense mutations with respect to processing and subcellular distribution on expression in COS-7 cells. Our analysis indicates the presence of at least two distinct biochemical defects associated with the different missense mutations. Eleven of the nineteen OA1 mutants (approximately 60%) were retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, showing defecNStive intracellular transport and glycosylation, consistent with protein misfolding. The remaining eight of the nineteen OA1 mutants (approximately 40%) displayed sorting and processing behaviours indistinguishable from those of the wild-type protein. Consistent with our recent findings that OA1 represents a novel type of intracellular G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), we found that most of these latter mutations cluster within the second and third cytosolic loops, two regions that in canonical GPCRs are known to be critical for their downstream signaling, including G protein-coupling and effector activation. The biochemical analysis of OA1 mutations performed in this study provides important insights into the structure-function relationships of the OA1 protein and implies protein misfolding as a major pathogenic mechanism in OA1. (+info)

Behavioral visual responses of wild-type and hypopigmented zebrafish. (5/72)

Zebrafish possess three classes of chromatophores that include iridophores, melanophores, and xanthophores. Mutations that lack one or two classes of chromatophores have been isolated or genetically constructed. Using a behavioral assay based on visually mediated escape responses, we measured the visual response of fully and partially pigmented zebrafish. In zebrafish that lack iridophores (roy mutants), the behavioral visual responses were similar to those of wild-type animals except at low contrast stimulation. In the absence of melanophores (albino mutants) or both melanophores and iridophores (ruby mutants), the behavioral visual responses were normal under moderate illumination but reduced when tested under dim or bright conditions or under low contrast stimulation. Together, the data suggest that screening pigments in the retina play a role in the regulation of behavioral visual responses and are necessary for avoiding "scatter" under bright light conditions. (+info)

Correlation between rod photoreceptor numbers and levels of ocular pigmentation. (6/72)

PURPOSE: Ocular melanin synthesis modulates rod photoreceptor production, because in albino eyes, rod numbers are reduced by approximately 30%. In this study, rod numbers and ocular rhodopsin concentrations were measured in intermediate pigmentation phenotypes to determine whether proportional reductions in melanin are correlated with proportional changes in rod numbers. Further, patterns of cell production and death were examined around the time of birth, when rod production peaks, to determine whether there are abnormalities in these features associated with hypopigmentation. METHODS: Four mouse pigmentation phenotypes were used: fully pigmented, albino, Beige, and Himalayan. The latter two are intermediate-pigmentation phenotypes, with Beige having markedly more pigment than Himalayan. Ocular melanin concentrations were measured during development and at maturity. Rods were counted at maturity and measurements of ocular rhodopsin undertaken. Mitotic and pyknotic cells were also counted in neonates. RESULTS: Rods and ocular rhodopsin were reduced in both Beige and Himalayan mice below levels found in fully pigmented mice, but not to levels found in albino animals. This was more marked in Himalayan than Beige mice, reflecting the lower concentration of melanin found in the former compared with the latter, both in development and at maturity. Although patterns of cell production were elevated in the hypopigmented animals, such patterns varied. CONCLUSIONS: Rod numbers are modulated within a range between that in fully pigmented and albino phenotypes by the concentration of ocular melanin. However, in these animals, there is no obvious correlation between these events and patterns of cell production and death in neonates. (+info)

Motor and sensory characteristics of infantile nystagmus. (7/72)

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Past studies have explored some of the associations between particular motor and sensory characteristics and specific categories of non-neurological infantile nystagmus. The purpose of this case study is to extend this body of work significantly by describing the trends and associations found in a database of 224 subjects who have undergone extensive clinical and psychophysical evaluations. METHODS: The records of 224 subjects with infantile nystagmus were examined, where 62% were idiopaths, 28% albinos, and 10% exhibited ocular anomalies. Recorded variables included age, mode of inheritance, birth history, nystagmus presentation, direction of the nystagmus, waveform types, spatial and temporal null zones, head postures and nodding, convergence, foveation, ocular alignment, refractive error, visual acuity, stereoacuity, and oscillopsia. RESULTS: The age distribution of the 224 patients was between 1 month and 71 years, with the mean age and mode being 23 (SD 16) years and 16-20 years respectively. By far the most common pattern of inheritance was found to be autosomal dominant (n = 40), with the nystagmus being observed by the age of 6 months in 87% of the sample (n = 128). 139 (62%) of the 224 subjects were classified as idiopaths, 63 (28%) as albinos, and 22 (10%) exhibited ocular anomalies. Conjugate uniplanar horizontal oscillations were found in 174 (77.7%) of the sample. 32 (14.3%) had a torsional component to their nystagmus. 182 (81.2%) were classed as congenital nystagmus (CN), 32 (14.3%) as manifest latent nystagmus (MLN), and 10 (4.5%) as a CN/MLN hybrid. Neither CN nor MLN waveforms were related to any of the three subject groups (idiopaths, albinos, and ocular anomalies) MLN was found in idiopaths and albinos, but most frequently in the ocular anomaly group. The most common oscillation was a horizontal jerk with extended foveation (n = 49; 27%). The amplitudes and frequencies of the nystagmus ranged between 0.3-15.7 degrees and 0.5-8 Hz, respectively. Periodic alternating nystagmus is commonly found in albinos. Albino subjects did not show a statistically significantly higher nystagmus intensity when compared with the idiopaths (p>0.01). 105 of 143 subjects (73%) had spatial nulls within plus or minus 10 degrees of the primary position although 98 subjects (69%) employed a compensatory head posture. Subjects with spatial null zones at or beyond plus or minus 20 degrees always adopted constant head postures. Head nodding was found in 38 subjects (27% of the sample). Horizontal tropias were very common (133 out of 213; 62.4%) and all but one of the 32 subjects with MLN exhibited a squint. Adult visual acuity is strongly related to the duration and accuracy of the foveation period. Visual acuity and stereoacuity were significantly better (p<0.01) in the idiopaths compared to the albino and ocular anomaly groups. 66 subjects out of a sample of 168 (39%) indicated that they had experienced oscillopsia at some time. CONCLUSIONS: There are strong ocular motor and sensory patterns and associations that can help define an infantile nystagmus. These include the nystagmus being bilateral, conjugate, horizontal uniplanar, and having an accelerating slow phase (that is, CN). Decelerating slow phases (that is, MLN) are frequently associated with strabismus and early form deprivation. Waveform shape (CN or MLN) is not pathognomonic of any of the three subject groups (idiopaths, albinos, or ocular anomalies). There is no one single stand alone ocular motor characteristic that can differentiate a benign form of infantile nystagmus (CN, MLN) from a neurological one. Rather, the clinician must consider a host of clinical features. (+info)

Identification of three novel OA1 gene mutations identified in three families misdiagnosed with congenital nystagmus and carrier status determination by real-time quantitative PCR assay. (8/72)

BACKGROUND: X-linked ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) is caused by mutations in OA1 gene, which encodes a membrane glycoprotein localised to melanosomes. OA1 mainly affects pigment production in the eye, resulting in optic changes associated with albinism including hypopigmentation of the retina, nystagmus, strabismus, foveal hypoplasia, abnormal crossing of the optic fibers and reduced visual acuity. Affected Caucasian males usually appear to have normal skin and hair pigment. RESULTS: We identified three previously undescribed mutations consisting of two intragenic deletions (one encompassing exon 6, the other encompassing exons 7-8), and a point mutation (310delG) in exon 2. We report the development of a new method for diagnosis of heterozygous deletions in OA1 gene based on measurement of gene copy number using real-time quantitative PCR from genomic DNA. CONCLUSION: The identification of OA1 mutations in families earlier reported as families with hereditary nystagmus indicate that ocular albinism type 1 is probably underdiagnosed. Our method of real-time quantitative PCR of OA1 exons with DMD exon as external standard performed on the LightCycler trade mark allows quick and accurate carrier-status assessment for at-risk females. (+info)

Ocular Manifestations of Albinism at eMedicine *^ Wallow; Albert (1997). "The color of the human eye: a review of morphologic ... Ocular albinism and eye color. Normally, there is a thick layer of melanin on the back of the iris. Even people with the ... NOAH - What is Albinism? Archived 14 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Albinism.org. Retrieved on 23 December 2011. ... The gene OCA2 (OMIM: 203200), when in a variant form, causes the pink eye color and hypopigmentation common in human albinism ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_eyes

Ocular albinism; lack of pigmentation in the eye. *Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency; developmental delay and mental ... Fabry disease; A lysosomal storage disease causing anhidrosis, fatigue, angiokeratomas, burning extremity pain and ocular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-linked_recessive_inheritance

MITF Waardenburg syndrome/albinism, digenic; 103470; TYR Waardenburg syndrome/ocular albinism, digenic; 103470; MITF Wagner ... OCA2 Albinism, brown; 203290; TYRP1 Albinism, oculocutaneous, type IA; 203100; TYR Albinism, oculocutaneous, type IB; 606952; ... ATP7A Ocular albinism, type I, Nettleship-Falls type; 300500; GPR143 Oculoauricular syndrome; 612109; HMX1 Oculocutaneous ... TYR Albinism, oculocutaneous, type II; 203200; OCA2 Albinism, rufous; 278400; TYRP1 Alcohol sensitivity, acute; 610251; ALDH2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

He was diagnosed with ocular albinism. Skelley took up judo as a sport at the age of five. A successful judoka, he was already ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Skelley

Vogel P, Read RW, Vance RB, Platt KA, Troughton K, Rice DS (March 2008). "Ocular albinism and hypopigmentation defects in ... and another mutation can cause oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) type 6 (OCA6), which impairs vision. No vision impairment is seen ... albinism, oculocutaneous type VI in Equus caballus". University of Sydney. Retrieved 2019-04-18. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger_eye

She is legally blind due to ocular albinism. In 2000, aged 28, she left her job in Accenture to launch the Aisling Foundation, ... Casey was diagnosed with ocular albinism as a child but was not personally informed until her 17th birthday. She graduated from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Casey_(activist)

TYRP2, for example, is important in the development of correct pigmentation; general and ocular albinism is associated with ... and the vestibulo-ocular reflex accordingly. The vestibulo-ocular reflex, one of the primary areas affected by ... Small KW, Pollock SC, Vance JM, Stajich JM, Pericak-Vance M (June 1996). "Ocular motility in North Carolina autosomal dominant ... These conditions do not consistently cause the symptoms of dizziness and ocular impairment that have been localized to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vestibulocerebellar_syndrome

Ocular albinism type 1 protein is a conserved integral membrane protein with seven transmembrane domains. It is expressed in ... 2006). "Scanning the ocular albinism 1 (OA1) gene for polymorphisms in congenital nystagmus by DHPLC". Ophthalmic Genet. 27 (2 ... 1996). "Analysis of the OA1 gene reveals mutations in only one-third of patients with X-linked ocular albinism". Hum. Mol. ... Oetting WS (2002). "New insights into ocular albinism type 1 (OA1): Mutations and polymorphisms of the OA1 gene". Hum. Mutat. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPR143

"Ocular albinism: evidence for a defect in an intracellular signal transduction system". Nature Genetics. 23 (1): 108-12. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNAI1

Ocular albinism affects not only eye pigmentation but visual acuity, as well. People with albinism typically test poorly, ... "Oculocutaneous Albinism". Archived from the original on December 23, 2008. "Ocular Manifestations of Albinism: Background, ... Another form of Albinism, the "yellow oculocutaneous albinism", appears to be more prevalent among the Amish, who are of ... Similar patterns of albinism and deafness have been found in other mammals, including dogs and rodents. However, a lack of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanin

Adie's pupil, which fails to constrict in response to light; aniridia, which is absence of the iris; and albinism, where the ... Hemeralopia is known to occur in several ocular conditions. Cone dystrophy and achromatopsia, affecting the cones in the retina ... Rarely, it may have ocular complications such as hemeralopia, pigmentary chorioretinitis, optic atrophy or retinal/iris ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemeralopia

... ocular albinism, and Prader-Willi syndrome plus albinism". N. Engl. J. Med. 330 (8): 529-34. doi:10.1056/NEJM199402243300803. ... Oculocutaneous albinism caused by mutations in the OCA2 gene is called oculocutaneous albinism type 2. The prevalence of OCA ... "OCA2 - oculocutaneous albinism II". Genetics Home Reference - Your guide to understanding genetic conditions. U.S. National ... Certain mutations in OCA2 result in type 2 oculocutaneous albinism. OCA2 encodes the human homologue of the mouse p (pink-eyed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCA2

He made important contributions in the research of ocular albinism, retinitis pigmentosa and hereditary night blindness. Prior ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Nettleship

ISBN 978-0-511-54574-0. Aniridia at eMedicine Ocular Manifestations of Albinism at eMedicine Imesch PD, Wallow IH, Albert DM ( ... NOAH - What is Albinism? Archived 14 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Albinism.org. Retrieved on 23 December 2011. Dave Johnson ... The ocular albino also lacks normal amounts of melanin in the retina as well, which allows more light than normal to reflect ... In severe forms of albinism, there is no pigment on the back of the iris, and light from inside the eye can pass through the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_color

She has ocular albinism and nystagmus, conditions she was born with, and is 156 centimetres (61 in) tall. Taylor has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyan_Taylor

... ocular albinism, optic atrophy, optic disk pallor, and optic nerve coloboma. The facial features of 1p36 deletion syndrome have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1p36_deletion_syndrome

"Aberrant splicing in the ocular albinism type 1 gene (OA1/GPR143) is corrected in vitro by morpholino antisense ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpholino

This gene is highly expressed in the retina, and is a strong candidate for ocular albinism type 1 syndrome. Alternatively ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shroom_family_member_2

The Nettleship-Falls syndrome, the most common type of ocular albinism, is named after him and English ophthalmologist Edward ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Falls

... controls expression of the ocular albinism type 1 gene: link between melanin synthesis and melanosome biogenesis". Molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphthalmia-associated_transcription_factor

... and optic neuronal defects shared in all types of oculocutaneous and ocular albinism". The Alabama Journal of Medical Sciences ... GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Oculocutaneous Albinism Type 1 Tyrosinase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical ... Witkop CJ (Oct 1979). "Albinism: hematologic-storage disease, susceptibility to skin cancer, ... A mutation in the tyrosinase gene resulting in impaired tyrosinase production leads to type I oculocutaneous albinism, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosinase

1993). "The genes for X-linked ocular albinism (OA1) and microphthalmia with linear skin defects (MLS): cloning and ... a novel gene for severe ocular malformations?". Mol. Vis. 13: 1475-82. PMID 17893649. Wapenaar MC, Bassi MT, Schaefer L, et al ... a novel gene for severe ocular malformations?". Mol. Vis. 13: 1475-82. PMID 17893649. GeneReview/NIH/UW entry on Microphthalmia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCCS_(gene)

"The protein Ocular albinism 1 is the orphan GPCR GPR143 and mediates depressor and bradycardic responses to DOPA in the nucleus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-DOPA

Albinism Albino and white squirrels Amelanism Black squirrel Erythrism Heterochromia iridum Leucism Piebaldism Vitiligo ... Xanthochromism Peutz-Jeghers syndrome Ocular melanosis Melanosis Morales, E. (1995). The Guinea Pig : Healing, Food, and Ritual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanism

This gene is mapped in close proximity to APXL (Apical protein Xenopus laevis-like) and OA1 (Ocular albinism type I), which are ... between the loci for X-linked ocular albinism (OA1) and microphthalmia with linear skin defects syndrome (MLS)". Hum. Genet. 95 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CLCN4

This gene is located adjacent to the ocular albinism gene and it is thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of the ocular ... albinism with late-onset sensorineural deafness phenotype. This gene is highly similar to the Y chromosome TBL1Y gene. TBL1X ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TBL1X

... ocular albinism 3 OPRM1: μ-opioid receptors (6q24-q25) OTSC7: otosclerosis 7 PLG: plasminogen (6q26) PBCRA1 PARK2: Parkinson ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chromosome_6

Ocular albinism Oculocutaneous albinism Pallister-Killian syndrome Periorbital hyperpigmentation Photoleukomelanodermatitis of ... Albinism-black lock-cell migration disorder of the neurocytes of the gut-deafness syndrome (ABCD syndrome) Albinism-deafness ... ocular pemphigus, scarring pemphigoid) Dermatitis herpetiformis (Duhring disease) Endemic pemphigus (endemic pemphigus ... partial albinism with immunodeficiency) Griscelli syndrome type 3 Hemochromatosis (bronze diabetes) Hemosiderin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skin_conditions

... disease Ocular albinism Ocular coloboma-imperforate anus Ocular convergence spasm Ocular histoplasmosis Ocular melanoma Ocular ... Oculocutaneous albinism type 1 Oculocutaneous albinism type 2 Oculocutaneous albinism type 3 Oculocutaneous albinism, ... tyrosinase negative Oculocutaneous albinism, tyrosinase positive Oculocutaneous tyrosinemia Oculodental syndrome Rutherfurd ... motility disorders Ocular toxoplasmosis Oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum Oculo cerebral dysplasia Oculo cerebro acral syndrome ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(O)

Since the locus encoding human SHROOM2 lies within the critical region for two distinct forms of ocular albinism, it is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shroom_protein_family

Ocular albinism (1). *Norrie disease. *Choroideremia. *Other: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX2-3) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffin–Lowry_syndrome

People with albinism often have vision loss to the extent that many are legally blind, though few of them actually cannot see. ... is a category of vision loss or visual impairment that is caused by factors unrelated to refractive errors or coexisting ocular ... inflammatory ocular hypertension syndrome (IOHS); 2) severe uveitic angle closure; 3) corticosteroid-induced; and 4) a ... uveitis refers to a complex category of ocular diseases that can cause blindness if either left untreated or improperly ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindness

Albinism: Ocular albinism (1). *Oculocutaneous albinism (Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome). *Waardenburg syndrome. Tyrosine→ ... Ocular problems related to the disorder include strabismus, nystagmus, retinitis, disc pallor, and oculomotor apraxia.[4] ... The symptoms of SSADH deficiency fall into three primary categories: neurological, psychiatric, and ocular. The most constant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-hydroxybutyric_aciduria

Ocular albinism (1). *Norrie disease. *Choroideremia. *Other: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX2-3) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelogenesis_imperfecta

Ocular albinism (1). *Norrie disease. *Choroideremia. *Other: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX2-3) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes_insipidus

Albinism. *Oculocutaneous albinism. *Ocular albinism. Melanosome. transfer. *Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. *Chédiak-Higashi ... Associated features include abnormalities in melanocytes (albinism), nerve defects, bleeding disorders.. Treatment[edit]. There ... People with CHS have light skin and silvery hair (albinism) and frequently complain of solar sensitivity and photophobia. Other ... The decrease in phagocytosis results in recurrent pyogenic infections, albinism and peripheral neuropathy. It occurs in humans ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chédiak–Higashi_syndrome

Albinism. *Oculocutaneous albinism. *Ocular albinism. Melanosome. transfer. *Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. *Chédiak-Higashi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carotenaemia

"Information Bulletin - Ocular Albinism"। National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation। ১১ মার্চ ২০১৭। ২৪ জানুয়ারি ... "Facts About Albinism"। ২০০৯-০১-২৫। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ২০১৮-০৬-১০।. *↑ "International Albinism Awareness Day, 13 June"। www.un.org ( ... "Dermatologic Manifestations of Albinism: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology"। ২০১৭-০৯-১৩।. *↑ "Sex-linked recessive: ... "Albinism , genetic condition"। Encyclopedia Britannica (ইংরেজি ভাষায়)। সংগ্রহের তারিখ ১০ জুন ২০১৮।. ...

https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/অ্যালবিনিজম

Albinism: Ocular albinism (1). *Oculocutaneous albinism (Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome). *Waardenburg syndrome. Tyrosine→ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosinemia_II

Albinism: Ocular albinism (1). *Oculocutaneous albinism (Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome). *Waardenburg syndrome. Tyrosine→ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histidinemia

... is a form of albinism which, in contrast to oculocutaneous albinism, presents primarily in the eyes.[1] There ... "autosomal recessive ocular albinism" ("AROA") is used, it usually refers to mild variants of oculocutaneous albinism rather ... Ocular albinism, type 1 (OA1). 300500. GPR143. Also known as Nettleship-Falls syndrome,[4][5][6] is the most common variety of ... "Ocular albinism - Genetics Home Reference".. *^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews' Diseases of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_albinism

... controls expression of the ocular albinism type 1 gene: link between melanin synthesis and melanosome biogenesis". Mol. Cell. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microphthalmia-associated_transcription_factor

Ocular albinism 2. *CSNB2A. *CACNA1S *Hypokalemic periodic paralysis 1. *Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis 1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thyrotoxic_periodic_paralysis

Ocular albinism (1). *Norrie disease. *Choroideremia. *Other: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX2-3) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemophilia_A

The ocular muscles allow the eye to move within the skull. Visual capacity of the horse[edit]. Visual field[edit]. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equine_vision

Albinism: Ocular albinism (1). *Oculocutaneous albinism (Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome). *Waardenburg syndrome. Tyrosine→ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA_carboxylase_deficiency

Ocular albinism 2. *CSNB2A. *CACNA1S *Hypokalemic periodic paralysis 1. *Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis 1 ... Examples of this type of disorder are Albinism, Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, cystic fibrosis, sickle-cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_defects

Occasionally, the color of the iris is due to a lack of pigmentation, as in the pinkish-white of oculocutaneous albinism,[1] or ... Heterochromia (also known as a heterochromia iridis or heterochromia iridum) is an ocular condition in which one iris is a ... it is often an indicator of ocular disease, such as chronic iritis or diffuse iris melanoma, but may also occur as a normal ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_

Ocular albinism (1). *Norrie disease. *Choroideremia. *other: Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX2-3) ...

https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ಡಯಾಬಿಟಿಸ್_ಇನ್ಸಿಪಿಡಸ್_

"Albinism". MedicinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. United States National Library of Medicine. Retrieved December 11, 2009. Harris, ... Fraunfelder, F. T.; Fraunfelder, F. W.; Edwards, R. (2001-09-01). "Ocular side effects possibly associated with isotretinoin ... Ankylosing spondylitis Albinism Ariboflavinosis Benzodiazepines Chemotherapy Chikungunya Cystinosis Drug withdrawal Ehlers- ... Due to albinism, the lack of pigment in the colored part of the eyes (irises) makes them somewhat translucent. This means that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophobia

Microcephaly l Microcephaly albinism digital anomalies syndrome Microcephaly autosomal dominant Microcephaly brachydactyly ... short stature hypertelorism Mental retardation short stature microcephaly eye Mental retardation short stature ocular and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diseases_(M)

Ocular albinism is a form of albinism which, in contrast to oculocutaneous albinism, presents primarily in the eyes.[1] There ... "autosomal recessive ocular albinism" ("AROA") is used, it usually refers to mild variants of oculocutaneous albinism rather ... Ocular albinism, type 1 (OA1). 300500. GPR143. Also known as Nettleship-Falls syndrome,[4][5][6] is the most common variety of ... "Ocular albinism - Genetics Home Reference".. *^ James, William; Berger, Timothy; Elston, Dirk (2005). Andrews Diseases of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_albinism

Ocular albinism is a genetic condition that primarily affects the eyes. Explore symptoms, inheritance, genetics of this ... Genetic Testing Registry: Ocular albinism with late-onset sensorineural deafness *Genetic Testing Registry: Ocular albinism, ... The most common form of ocular albinism is known as the Nettleship-Falls type or type 1. Other forms of ocular albinism are ... medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ocular-albinism/ Ocular albinism. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ocular-albinism/

Ocular albinism type 1 (OA1), is the most common type of ocular albinism, with a prevalence rate of 1:50,000. It is an ... Albinism may manifest itself as oculocutaneous (OCA) or just ocular (OA). There occur at least ten different types of OCA and ... Ocular albinism results from defects in the melanin system, which may arise from either defects in the OA1 receptor, or ... Samaraweera, P., Shen, B., Newton, J.M., Barsh, G.S. and Orlow, S.J. (2001). The mouse ocular albinism 1 gene product is an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_albinism_type_1

Click on a [studies] link to search within your current results for studies in that region. Use the back button to return to this list and try another region ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results/map?cond=%22ocular+albinism%22

Visual Function and Ocular Pigmentation in Albinism. Brief Summary To study the relationship between visual function and ocular ... Visual function and ocular pigmentation are being studied in patients with albinism and other disorders associated with ... Visual Function and Ocular Pigmentation in Albinism. This study has been completed. ... Visual Function and Ocular Pigmentation in Albinism. Official Title ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT00001153?cond=%22ocular+albinism%22&rank=2

Synonyms: autosomal recessive Waardenburg syndrome type 2 with ocular albinism; digenic Waardenburg syndrome/albinism; digenic ... Synonyms: autosomal recessive Waardenburg syndrome type 2 with ocular albinism; digenic Waardenburg syndrome/albinism; digenic ... Waardenburg syndrome/ocular albinism; WS2-OA Alt IDs: OMIM:103470, ICD10CM:E70.3, ORDO:352740 Definition: An ocular albinism ... Human Disease Modeled: ocular albinism with sensorineural deafness. Associated Mouse Gene: Mitf Allelic Composition. Genetic ...

http://www.informatics.jax.org/disease/OMIM:103470

What is Ocular Albinism? Meaning of Ocular Albinism as a legal term. What does Ocular Albinism mean in law? ... Definition of Ocular Albinism in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. ... Related to Ocular Albinism: nystagmus, Oculocutaneous albinism, ocular albinism type 2, ocular albinism type 1 ... Ocular Albinism legal definition of Ocular Albinism https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Ocular+Albinism ...

https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Ocular+Albinism

Our Para-cyclists return to the Rio Municipal Velodrome tomorrow for the 2018 @UCI_paracycling Track World Champion… https://t.co/s5IvPlU7Ts ...

https://www.paralympic.org.au/disability/vision-impairment-ocular-albinism/

E70.318 - Other ocular albinism. SNOMEDCT:. 26399002 - Ocular albinism. Look For. Subscription Required ... There are 3 types of ocular albinism: type 1 (OA1), type 2, and ocular albinism with sensorineural deafness. OA1, also known as ... Ocular albinism. Subscriber Sign In VisualDx Mobile Feedback Select Language Share Enter a Symptom, Medication, or Diagnosis. ... Ocular albinism (OA) is a genetic disease characterized by impaired synthesis of the pigment melanin. ...

https://www.visualdx.com/visualdx/diagnosis/ocular+albinism?diagnosisId=51079&moduleId=101

... list providing answers to our most frequently asked questions on ocular albinism and oculocutaneous albinism. ... Looking for answers on ocular albinism? Take a look at our comprehensive ... FAQ about Ocular Albinism (OA) and Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA):. 1.) What is ocular albinism (OA)? Human albinism can be ... Historically, X-linked ocular albinism is also called Nettleship-Falls ocular albinism, after the two physicians who defined ...

https://www.visionofchildren.org/what-is-ocular-albinism

To elucidate the molecular genetics defect of ocular cutaneous albinism. Methods:: One member of a family affected with ocular ... A Novel Mutation in TRP1 Gene in an Ocular Cutaneous Albinism Patient ... A Novel Mutation in TRP1 Gene in an Ocular Cutaneous Albinism Patient ... A Novel Mutation in TRP1 Gene in an Ocular Cutaneous Albinism Patient. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2007;48(13):1318. ...

https://iovs.arvojournals.org/article.aspx?articleid=2383987

... Clinical Characteristics. Ocular Features: Signs in ocular albinism include hypopigmentation of the ... New Insights Into Ocular Albinism Type 1 (OA1): Mutations and Polymorphisms of the OA1 Gene [13]. Oetting WS. New Insights Into ... Ocular albinism with infertility and late-onset sensorineural hearing loss [7]. Fabian-Jessing BK, Vestergaard EM, Plomp AS, ... Ocular albinism (OA1) is a recessive X-linked disorder, caused by mutations in the GPR143 [2] gene, located at Xp22.3. The ...

https://disorders.eyes.arizona.edu/print/560

Albinism, Oculocutaneous, Type III. Clinical Characteristics. Ocular Features: The irides may be multicolored with the central ... Oculocutaneous albinism. Gronskov K, Ek J, Brondum-Nielsen K. Oculocutaneous albinism. Orphanet J Rare Dis. 2007 Nov 2;2:43. ... This tyrosinase-positive type of albinism is sometimes called rufous (ROCA) or brown (BOCA) oculocutaneous albinism and is ... Rufous oculocutaneous albinism in southern African Blacks is caused by mutations in the TYRP1 gene. Manga P, Kromberg JG, Box ...

http://disorders.eyes.arizona.edu/category/alternate-names/albinism-iii

MalaCards based summary : Ocular Albinism, also known as albinism, ocular, is related to albinism, ocular, with late-onset ... Diseases in the Ocular Albinism family:. Albinism, Ocular, Type I Diseases related to Ocular Albinism via text searches within ... MalaCards integrated aliases for Ocular Albinism:. Name: Ocular Albinism 12 76 25 37 29 6 15 ... albinism, ocular, with late-onset sensorineural deafness 33.7. MITF TYR 2. albinism, ocular, with sensorineural deafness 33.6. ...

https://www.malacards.org/card/ocular_albinism

... ocular, with late-onset sensorineural deafness and ocular albinism. An important gene associated with Ocular Albinism with ... Albinism, Ocular, with Late-Onset Sensorineural Deafness Diseases related to Ocular Albinism with Congenital Sensorineural ... MalaCards integrated aliases for Ocular Albinism with Congenital Sensorineural Deafness:. Name: Ocular Albinism with Congenital ... Ocular Albinism with Congenital Sensorineural Deafness, also known as waardenburg syndrome type 2 with ocular albinism, is ...

https://www.malacards.org/card/ocular_albinism_with_congenital_sensorineural_deafness

Ocular albinism with congenital sensorineural deafness disease page. Quantitative data and detailed annnotation of the targets ... Ocular albinism with congenital sensorineural deafness. GtoPdb Disease Summaries. This section gives an overview of the disease ... No ligand related data available for Ocular albinism with congenital sensorineural deafness ...

http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/DiseaseDisplayForward?diseaseId=709

... ocular? Find out information about Albinism, ocular. The state of having colorless chromatophores, which results in the absence ... Related to Albinism, ocular: Oculocutaneous albinism, ocular migraine, ocular albinism type 1, ocular albinism type 2 albinism ... Albinism, ocular , Article about Albinism, ocular by The Free Dictionary https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Albinism% ... albinism. (redirected from Albinism, ocular). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical. ...

http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Albinism%2C+ocular

Albinism results from defective production of melanin from tyrosine through a complex pathway of metabolic reactions. ... Albinism consists of a group of inherited abnormalities of melanin synthesis and are typically characterized by a congenital ... Mutations of the P gene in oculocutaneous albinism, ocular albinism, and Prader-Willi syndrome plus albinism. N Engl J Med. ... encoded search term (Albinism) and Albinism What to Read Next on Medscape. Related Conditions and Diseases. * White Blood Cell ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1200472-clinical

Ocular Albinism, Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, Chediak-Higashi Syndrome testing with next generation sequencing of a multigene ... Oculocutaneous Albinism, Ocular Albinism, Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, Chediak-Higashi Syndrome. NGS panel. Genes. (full. coding ... Oculocutaneous Albinism, Ocular Albinism, Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, Chediak-Higashi Syndrome *List of diseases covered by ... ocular albinism).. Additionally, there are also syndromic forms of albinism such as Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and Chediak- ...

https://www.asperbio.com/asper-ophthalmics/oculocutaneous-albinism-ocular-albinism-hermansky-pudlak-syndrome-chediak-higashi-syndrome-genetic-testing-NGS-panel

Ocular albinism. More than 60 GPR143 mutations have been identified in people with the most common form of ocular albinism, ... Ocular Albinism, X-Linked. 2004 Mar 12 [updated 2015 Nov 19]. In: Adam MP, Ardinger HH, Pagon RA, Wallace SE, Bean LJH, Mirzaa ... Most forms of albinism result from a reduced amount of melanin pigment within cells. Researchers continue to study why ocular ... New insights into ocular albinism type 1 (OA1): Mutations and polymorphisms of the OA1 gene. Hum Mutat. 2002 Feb;19(2):85-92. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/gpr143/

ocular albinism. Model name. Publication. Status. Clarke2000 - One-hit model of cell death in neuronal degenerations ( ... ocular albinism. Model name. Publication. Status. Clarke2000 - One-hit model of cell death in neuronal degenerations ( ...

https://www.ebi.ac.uk/biomodels-main/diseases

I was born with a rare genetic eye condition called Autosomal Recessive Ocular Albinism, which affects my vision to the point ... Macular coloboma Macular degeneration Nystagmus Ocular albinism Optic neuropathy Orientation and Mobility Retinitis Pigmentosa ...

http://blindnewworld.org/blog/tag/ocular-albinism/

... autosomal recessively inherited ocular albinism (AROA), was studied in seven females and two males from five unrelated Caucasia ... Autosomal Recessively Inherited Ocular AlbinismA New Form of Ocular Albinism Affecting Females as Severely as Males. Arch ... Autosomal Recessively Inherited Ocular AlbinismA New Form of Ocular Albinism Affecting Females as Severely as Males. ... A new form of ocular albinism, autosomal recessively inherited ocular albinism (AROA), was studied in seven females and two ...

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaophthalmology/article-abstract/632729

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_eyes

... ocular albinism-both parents most carry a defective OCA gene by Mario TooDank , This newsletter was created with Smore, an ... Ocular albinism. For some people, albinism affects only their eyes. This is known as ocular albinism. ... Ocular albinism. For some people, albinism affects only their eyes. This is known as ocular albinism. ... One person in 17,000 has some type of albinism. Albinism affects people from all races. Most children with albinism are born to ...

https://www.smore.com/4dcqt

Ocular albinism--an X-linked albinism where there are vision problems without changes in skin or hair ... People with the most common forms of Type 1 and Type 2 albinism and ocular albinism have a normal lifespan. ... Amelioration of both functional and morphological abnormalities in the retina of a mouse model of ocular albinism following AAV ... Albinism affects the amount of pigment found in the skin, hair, and eyes. People with albinism usually have little to no ...

http://healthlibrary.epnet.com/GetContent.aspx?token=38405ca3-6cab-4817-9cba-dc64dc5c69f1&chunkiid=22573

N2 - Autosomal recessive ocular albinism (AROA) is a disorder characterized by reduced pigmentation of the retina and iris, ... AB - Autosomal recessive ocular albinism (AROA) is a disorder characterized by reduced pigmentation of the retina and iris, ... Autosomal recessive ocular albinism associated with a functionally significant tyrosinase gene polymorphism. Nature genetics. ... Autosomal recessive ocular albinism (AROA) is a disorder characterized by reduced pigmentation of the retina and iris, ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/autosomal-recessive-ocular-albinism-associated-with-a-functionall-2

Melanin is a pigment responsible for coloration of hair, skin and eyes and albinism is characterized by abnormal defect in the ... Albinism is an inherited disorder affecting the skin color and hair color. ... Ocular albinism is the type that cause defect only in the eyes and not on skin color and hair. ... There are some other types of albinism that affects only specific area and not the entire skin. Some examples of such albinism ...

https://healthmd.net/albinism/

Information on Albinism ocular late onset sensorineural deafness, which may include symptoms, causes, inheritance, treatments, ... Ocular albinism with late-onset sensorineural deafness is a rare, X-linked inherited subtype of ocular albinism characterized ... Other Names: Deafness and ocular albinism, OASD, Ocular albinism with sensorineural deafness See more ... Dont fight Albinism ocular late onset sensorineural deafness alone.. Find your community on the free RareGuru App. Connect ...

https://rareguru.com/library/disease/269/albinism-ocular-late-onset-sensorineural-deafness

The term albinism [L. albus means 'white'] refers to a heterogeneous group of congenital disorders in melanin pigment biogenesis. (wikipedia.org)
Ocular albinism results from defects in the melanin system, which may arise from either defects in the OA1 receptor, or mutations of either the Tyr gene or P transporter. (wikipedia.org)
The degree of ocular pigmentation is assessed clinically by estimating the melanin content of the iris, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Ocular albinism (OA) is a genetic disease characterized by impaired synthesis of the pigment melanin. (visualdx.com)
Historically, ocular albinism is an inherited disorder in which the eyes are deficient in the amount of melanin, which gives the eye its color or pigment, while the skin and hair appear normal or near normal in coloration. (visionofchildren.org)
Albinism is a group of congenital disorders of melanin production characterized by variable hypopigmentation and vision defects, including impaired visual acuity, nystagmus, strabismus, astigmatism, and photophobia. (asperbio.com)
Most forms of albinism result from a reduced amount of melanin pigment within cells. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers continue to study why ocular albinism occurs when cells in the retina appear to contain a substantial amount of melanin. (medlineplus.gov)
Additional studies may help clarify the relationship between melanosomes, melanin distribution, and the reduced levels of pigmentation that are characteristic of ocular albinism. (medlineplus.gov)
Do to the lack of melanin, albinism can trigger to many other diseases and conditions. (smore.com)
Melanin is a pigment responsible for coloration of hair, skin and eyes and albinism is characterized by abnormal defect in the production of melanin pigment. (healthmd.net)
Melanin is also responsible for normal functions of optical nerves and hence people with albinism will also have vision problems. (healthmd.net)
If there is defect in the production of melanin pigment it is called Type 1 albinism and if the problem is due to the "P" gene it is called Type 2 albinism. (healthmd.net)
When melanin is produced it involves the process of secretion of number of proteins like melanocytes and any defect or mutation in such cells will result in reduction in the quantity of melanin causing albinism. (healthmd.net)
Albinism refers to a range of disorders that result from a reduction or absence of the pigment melanin. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Albinism is an inherited disease characterized by a substantially lower rate of melanin production. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Melanin normally protects the skin from UV (ultraviolet) damage, so people with albinism are more sensitive to sun exposure. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Infant with oculocutaneous albinism type 1 presenting with hypomelanotic skin, white hair, and pink irides and pupils resulting from the dysfunction of tyrosinase in the melanocytes of these tissues and the subsequent lack of melanin synthesis. (medscape.com)
Neonate with oculocutaneous albinism type 3 presenting with minimally pigmented skin and light hair coloration resulting from the dysfunction of tyrosinase-related protein-1 in the melanocytes of these tissues and the subsequent reduction in melanin synthesis. (medscape.com)
Albinism is a genetic disease of the enzyme that produces melanin . (healthtap.com)
Albinism = inherited disorder in which there is minimal or no production of melanin . (healthtap.com)
If you are born with a genetic mutation that prevents production of melanin (and other pigments), then you are an albino and have albinism. (healthtap.com)
Albinism is term used to describe a number of inherited genetic conditions that occur when the body is unable to produce or distribute melanin, our own body's pigment. (clinuvel.com)
The hypopigmentation that is characteristic of albinism ranges from complete absence of melanin to minimal reduction in skin and hair colour for the different sub-types. (clinuvel.com)
Ocular albinism (OA) is characterised by normal or near-normal pigmentation of the skin and hair, but an absence of melanin in the eyes. (clinuvel.com)
Genetic defects that cause a lack of, or little, production or distribution of melanin result in the manifestation of albinism. (clinuvel.com)
The syndromic forms of albinism are not due to defects in the melanin pathway per se, but manifest due to dysfunction of organelles, such as melanosomes or lysosomes. (clinuvel.com)
Every animal -- from cockroaches to apes -- makes melanin and can have albinism. (howstuffworks.com)
For this reason, there is no cure for the subnormal synthesis of melanin which causes albinism. (news-medical.net)
Albinism is an inherited problem caused by a flaw in one or more of the genes that are responsible for directing the eyes and skin to make melanin (pigment). (thefreedictionary.com)
In most types of albinism, a recessive trait, the child inherits flawed genes for making melanin from both parents. (thefreedictionary.com)
Because the task of making melanin is complex, there are many different types of albinism, involving a number of different genes. (thefreedictionary.com)
The term albinism (L albus , white) encompasses genetically determined diseases that involve a disorder of the melanin system. (bmj.com)
Albinism is classified into two subtypes, non-syndromic albinism, with symptoms restricted to impaired melanin biosynthesis (hypopigmentation of skin and hair and ocular changes such as reduced pigmentation of the iris, nystagmus, impaired visual acuity, and foveal hypoplasia), and syndromic albinism, which displays various non-pigmentary symptoms including bleeding diathesis, lung fibrosis, and immunodeficiency. (springer.com)
Albinism, an inherited disorder of melanin biosynthesis, disrupts normal retinal development, with foveal hypoplasia as one of the more commonly associated ocular phenotypes. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Albinism is an inherited disorder of melanin biosynthesis, associated with absent or reduced melanin pigment in the eye, and often in the skin and hair. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Albinism is a congenital disorder characterized by the complete or partial absence of pigment called melanin in the skin, hair and eyes. (medindia.net)
Albinism is an inherited defect affecting melanin production and metabolism . (medindia.net)
Albinism generally refers to oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), is a group of disorders of having little or no production of pigment melanin. (pharmiweb.com)
Albinism is a genetic disorder that inhibits the body's ability to make melanin, the dark pigment that protects the skin and eyes from ultraviolet radiation. (ehow.co.uk)
Albinism is a condition wherein the human body does not produce enough of the pigment melanin. (news-medical.net)
Albinism is caused by a reduction or absence of melanin biosynthesis resulting in several clinical features. (els.net)
Oculocutaneous albinism is an inherited defect in melanin formation that causes diffuse hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. (merckmanuals.com)
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of rare inherited disorders in which a normal number of melanocytes are present but melanin production is absent or greatly decreased. (merckmanuals.com)
Albinism is an inherited genetic condition that reduces the amount of melanin pigment formed in the skin, hair and/or eyes . (albinism.org)

An ocular albino eye appears blueish pink in color with no pigmentation at all unlike a normal eye. (wikipedia.org)
To study the relationship between visual function and ocular (iris, retina/choroidal) pigmentation in patients with albinism and other hypomelanotic disorders. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Visual function and ocular pigmentation are being studied in patients with albinism and other disorders associated with hypopigmentation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The purpose of this study is to document the visual deficit and the pigmentary changes of patients with albinism, to observe their natural course, and to determine whether misrouting of the visual pathways is present and is correlated with pigmentation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
In ocular albinism, pigmentation is normal except in the eye. (arizona.edu)
Photophobia is less severe than in other types of oculocutaneous albinism, possibly because the vast majority of individuals (86%) have some pigmentation in the fundus. (arizona.edu)
Occasionally, a moderate amount of residual activity can lead to near normal skin pigmentation and the wrong diagnosis of ocular albinism. (medscape.com)
In many types of albinism, the disorder can be diagnosed by observing major or total absence of pigmentation of the hair, skin, and eyes and by vision problems. (epnet.com)
Autosomal recessive ocular albinism (AROA) is a disorder characterized by reduced pigmentation of the retina and iris, hypoplastic fovea, variably reduced visual acuity and nystagmus. (elsevier.com)
Ocular albinism or OA, is not as obvious as the skin and hair do not have such extreme lack of pigmentation. (news-medical.net)
Albinism can be diagnosed merely by observation of major or total absence of pigmentation of the skin, hair and eyes. (medindia.net)
False beliefs in some cultures include that albinism causes sterility, or that a person's lack of pigmentation means he or she is cursed. (wisegeek.com)
Pigmentation research has shown that albinism is a complex genetic disorder, involving many genes with an array of functions, producing a wide phenotypic spectrum amongst affected individuals. (els.net)
Variation in skin pigmentation involves common polymorphisms in some albinism related genes. (els.net)
Patients with ocular involvement may have decreased retinal pigmentation, leading to sensitivity to light and light avoidance. (merckmanuals.com)
The retrospective cohort study of collected clinical, genetic and electrophysiological data of 522 albinism patients found that only their foveal hypoplasia grading scheme, based on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images, correlated best with VA. Iris translucency, fundus pigmentation and misrouting grading schemes were not able to predict VA. The VA of the cohort varied from -0.1logMAR to 1.3logMAR. (reviewofoptometry.com)
While most people with albinism have very light skin and hair, levels of pigmentation can vary depending on one's type of albinism. (albinism.org)
In general, these systems contrasted types of albinism having almost no pigmentation with types having slight pigmentation. (albinism.org)

Ocular albinism with late onset sensorineural deafness ( 300650 [5] ) results from mutations in the Xp22.3 region as well and may or may not be the same condition. (arizona.edu)
Connect with other caregivers and patients with Albinism ocular late onset sensorineural deafness and get the support you need. (rareguru.com)
Ocular albinism with late-onset sensorineural deafness is a rare, X-linked inherited subtype of ocular albinism characterized by severe visual impairment, translucent pale-blue irises, a reduction in the retinal pigment and moderately severe deafness with onset ranging from adolescence to fourth or fifth decade of life. (rareguru.com)
Prognosis - Albinism ocular late onset sensorineural deafness Not supplied. (symptoma.com)

Some years ago a series of families were described in which children of normally pigmented parents had the ocular features of albinism but did not appear to have significant skin involvement (also known as cutaneous hypopigmentation). (visionofchildren.org)
Signs in ocular albinism include hypopigmentation of the fundus with clearly visible choroidal vessels, foveal hypoplasia, and hypopigmentation of the iris. (arizona.edu)
203200 ), when in a variant form, causes the pink eye color and hypopigmentation common in human albinism . (wikipedia.org)
National Organization of Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH). (howstuffworks.com)
Summary Ocular albinism type 1 is an X-linked disorder characterized by severe reduction of visual acuity, retinal hypopigmentation, foveal hypoplasia, optic misrouting and the presence of giant melanosomes (macromelanosomes) in skin melanocytes and retinal pigment epithelium. (naver.com)
Mice homozygous for a knock-out allele exhibit hypopigmentation and ocular albinism. (jax.org)
This article seeks to review the current state of knowledge of albinism and associated disorders of hypopigmentation. (bmj.com)
Albinism is a generic clinical term that describes conditions characterized by hypopigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes or eyes alone of affected individuals. (springer.com)
OCA is characterized by hypopigmentation of skin and hair and ocular changes. (springer.com)
OA is restricted to ocular changes that significantly overlap with those of OCA, although some individuals with OA may display mild to moderate hypopigmentation of skin and eyes compared to unaffected male siblings (Lewis RA. (springer.com)
It is also known as hypopigmentation, oculocutaneous albinism or ocular albinism. (medindia.net)
Genetic counseling should be considered for individuals with a family history of albinism or hypopigmentation. (medindia.net)
According to the National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation, in USA, approximately one in 18,000 to 20,000 people suffer from albinism which will help in future demand of albinism drug. (pharmiweb.com)

There are 3 types of ocular albinism: type 1 (OA1), type 2, and ocular albinism with sensorineural deafness. (visualdx.com)
An important gene associated with Ocular Albinism with Congenital Sensorineural Deafness is TYR (Tyrosinase), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Transcriptional misregulation in cancer and Neural Crest Differentiation . (malacards.org)

Other associated ocular symptoms include rapid, involuntary eye movements (nystagmus) and eyes that do not look in the same direction (strabismus). (visualdx.com)
A few female heterozygotes have ocular changes of albinism including nystagmus and reduced visual acuity, likely as a result of unequal X-chromosome inactivation. (arizona.edu)
Affected patients have the impaired vision, translucent irides, congenital nystagmus, photophobia, albinotic fundi with hypoplasia of the fovea, and strabismus that are also found in X-linked ocular albinism (XOA). (jamanetwork.com)
Both Type 1 and Type 2 albinism are usually associated with visual problems including nystagmus (abnormal jumping movements of the eyes) and decreased visual acuity, which is frequently not fully improved with glasses or contact lenses. (epnet.com)
Page 358 - Ocular signs of cerebral involvement include the following: nystagmus, unilateral mydriasis, bilateral miosis with slow response to light, paralysis of accommodation, convergence, and 3rd, 4th, and 6th cranial nerve involvement. (symptoma.com)
Why does albinism cause nystagmus? (healthtap.com)
Everyone with oculocutaneous albinism experiences abnormal flickering eye movements ( nystagmus ) and sensitivity to bright light. (thefreedictionary.com)
1 On the other hand, the ocular phenotypic characteristics of most types of albinism are rather constant and include reduced visual acuity, nystagmus, pale irides that transilluminate, hypopigmented fundi, hypoplastic foveae, and lack of stereopsis. (bmj.com)
Vision problems like extreme far-sightedness or near-sightedness, nystagmus, strabismus, photophobia and astigmatism are common in people with albinism. (medindia.net)
Albinism can also cause strabismus, or crossed eyes, and nystagmus, or involuntary movement of the eyes. (ehow.co.uk)
or ocular motility (convergent strabismus and nystagmus are common in albinism). (mrcophth.com)
Most children with albinism have some form of nystagmus. (aboutkidshealth.ca)
Ocular involvement causes strabismus, nystagmus, and decreased vision. (merckmanuals.com)

Unlike other types of albinism, OA does not greatly affect skin and hair color. (visualdx.com)
Other types of albinism might affect only the eyes. (smore.com)
Both parents will need to have the altered genes in order for the child to develop most types of albinism. (epnet.com)
Certain rare types of albinism, such as Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, can cause other symptoms. (epnet.com)
Most types of albinism affect the eyes. (epnet.com)
For some types of albinism, DNA genetic testing can also be used to confirm the diagnosis. (epnet.com)
There are some other types of albinism that affects only specific area and not the entire skin. (healthmd.net)
On the other hand, the visual disorders that result from the different sub-types of albinism are essentially constant. (clinuvel.com)
There are two basic types of albinism, both of which cause vision problems, including low vision . (aao.org)
There are primarily two basic types of albinism. (news-medical.net)
Many types of albinism exist, all of which involve lack of pigment in varying degrees. (thefreedictionary.com)
Although these are generally rare conditions, some types of albinism are seen more frequently in certain regions as a result of the founder effect (Ito et al. (springer.com)
Recent advances in genetic analysis enable us to detect additional types of albinism and the genes responsible for these disorders (Kausar et al. (springer.com)
What are the Types of Albinism? (medindia.net)
Types of albinism, genetics of albinism.Facts about albinism. (geometry.net)
Both types of albinism will cause your child to have poor eyesight. (aboutkidshealth.ca)
There are different types of albinism and the amount of pigment in the eyes varies. (albinism.org)
The degree of impairment varies with the different types of albinism. (albinism.org)
In less pigmented types of albinism, hair and skin are cream-colored and vision is often in the range of 20/200. (albinism.org)

Ocular albinism type 1 results from mutations in the GPR143 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
Rare cases of ocular albinism are not caused by mutations in the GPR143 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
New insights into ocular albinism type 1 (OA1): Mutations and polymorphisms of the OA1 gene. (medlineplus.gov)
Ocular albinism (OA1) is a recessive X-linked disorder, caused by mutations in the GPR143 [2] gene, located at Xp22.3. (arizona.edu)
It has been reported that mutations in GNA13 [6] (17q24.1), activated by OA1, can also result in the ocular albinism phenotype. (arizona.edu)
Manga P, Kromberg JG, Box NF, Sturm RA, Jenkins T, Ramsay M. Rufous oculocutaneous albinism in southern African Blacks is caused by mutations in the TYRP1 gene . (arizona.edu)
OCA 1B (yellow mutant OCA, Amish albinism, xanthous albinism) is produced by leaky mutations of the tyrosinase gene that result in reduced/residual enzyme activity. (medscape.com)
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is divided into seven types, which are caused by mutations in the respective genes: OCA1 (TYR), OCA2 (OCA2), OCA3 (TYRP1), OCA4 (SLC45A2), OCA5 (chromosome 4q24), OCA6 (SLC24A5), and OCA7 (C10orf11). (asperbio.com)
Ocular albinism is caused by mutations in the GPR143 gene and is inherited in an X-linked manner. (asperbio.com)
More than 60 GPR143 mutations have been identified in people with the most common form of ocular albinism, which is called the Nettleship-Falls type or type 1. (medlineplus.gov)
Ocular albinism type 1 (OA), caused by mutations in the OA1 gene, encodes a G-protein coupled receptor, OA1, localized in melanosomal membranes of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). (cdc.gov)
1 Coloboma, osteopetrosis, microphthalmia, macrocephaly , albinism, and deafness (COMMAD) The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. (symptoma.com)
Oculocutaneous albinism type 1 results from mutations in the tyrosinase gene, which maps to band 11q14-3 and is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. (medscape.com)
Most patients with oculocutaneous albinism type 1 have compound heterozygosity for mutations in the tyrosinase gene. (medscape.com)
Spectrum of candidate gene mutations associated with Indian familial oculocutaneous and ocular albinism. (cdc.gov)
Mutations in the TYR gene (TYR, 11q14-21, MIM 606933) cause oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1, MIM 203100), a developmental disorder having an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. (elsevier.com)
X-linked recessive ocular albinism type I (OA1) is due to mutations in the OA1gene (approved gene symbol GPR143), which is expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). (univaq.it)
On the other hand, no mutations in known albinism-related genes are detected in around 20% of affected individuals (Montoliu et al. (springer.com)
Mutations in c10orf11, a melanocyte-differentiation gene, cause autosomal-recessive albinism. (springer.com)
Different albinism subtypes, genetic mutations, and constitutional pigment background likely play a role in determining the degree of foveal maturation. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
The molecular pathology of albinism is complex and involves different pathways and different types of mutations. (els.net)
1991) Tyrosinase gene mutations associated with type IB ("yellow") oculocutaneous albinism. (els.net)
Mutations in several of these genes cause oculocutaneous albinism (visual defects and predsiposition to skin cancers), while others in addition cause multisystem diseases with immunodeficiency and bleeding disorders due to a common biogenetic pathway with endolysosomal organelles. (bio.net)
Intracellular distribution and late endosomal effects of the ocular albinism 1 gene product: consequences of disease-causing mutations and implications for melanosomal biogenesis. (bio.net)

Ocular albinism is a genetic condition that primarily affects the eyes. (medlineplus.gov)
I was born with a rare genetic eye condition called Autosomal Recessive Ocular Albinism, which affects my vision to the point of legal blindness and makes my eyes sensitive to light. (blindnewworld.org)
Since albinism is a genetic disorder treatment is not effective and only helps in reducing the symptoms. (healthmd.net)
Albinism is a genetic condition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Genetic counseling offered to parents and treatment of ocular issues. (clinuvel.com)
Each sub-type of albinism involves a genetic mutation on a different chromosome. (clinuvel.com)
Genetic counseling of patients suffering from albinism helps them understand the disorder. (news-medical.net)
People with albinism or those who have family members with it can talk to a genetic counselor to understand how albinism can run in families. (kidshealth.org)
With recent advances in molecular research, it is possible to diagnose many of the various albinism conditions on the basis of genetic causation. (bmj.com)
Each condition of albinism is due to a genetic mutation on a different chromosome. (bmj.com)
Nat Genet 39(12):1443-1452, 2007), suggesting that genetic alterations in noncoding regions near albinism-related genes can also be involved in the pathogenesis of albinism, as well as potential albinism genes yet to be identified (Montoliu et al. (springer.com)
Genetic testing, electroretinogram, chemical testing of hair and blood tests aid in diagnosing albinism. (medindia.net)
i see albinism as a mere variation, not a genetic disorder. (medindia.net)
Genetic eye disease is one of the leading causes of blindness and includes disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa, Stargardt disease, hereditary optic neuropathy, pediatric cataracts, pediatric glaucoma, albinism and others. (willseye.org)
We see adult and children patients who have ocular genetic disease and also patients with a wide variety of genetic disorders, which affect other areas of the body along with the eye (e.g. neurofibromatosis, mitochondrial disorders, Marfan syndrome). (willseye.org)
As albinism is genetic, it IS possible for the condition to recur in future generations. (wisegeek.com)
Increasing awareness about albinism treatment, technological advancement, growing special instruction from regulatory authorities, rising prevalence of genetic diseases and growing research on albinism are some of the major factors driving the growth of global albinism drug market. (pharmiweb.com)
In Europe, OCA2 cases are more common than other form of albinism due to regular migration from Africa to Europe and also due to resultant mutation of genes that have happened that were detected from genetic studies which may help in development of new drug. (pharmiweb.com)
My research involves two major areas: the molecular analysis of pigment genes in humans, particularly those genes associated with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA), and the molecular analysis of genes associated with common genetic diseases. (geometry.net)
There are currently 24 genetic disorders that have albinism included with the phenotype, including as many as 7 nonsyndromic forms of oculocutaneous albinism (reduced pigment affects skin, hair and eyes), 1 nonsyndromic form of ocular albinism (reduced pigment affects eyes only) and 16 syndromic disorders. (els.net)
Albinism is a name used for genetic conditions that cause a person to have no pigment or less pigment than usual. (aboutkidshealth.ca)
OCA1 , or tyrosinase-related albinism, results from a genetic defect in an enzyme called tyrosinase. (albinism.org)
OCA2 , or P gene albinism, results from a genetic defect in the P protein that helps the tyrosinase enzyme to function. (albinism.org)

Albinism is caused by altered genes. (epnet.com)
People can carry one set of altered genes and not have signs of albinism. (epnet.com)
Again the child that has inherited albinism will have two copies of mutated genes one from his father and the other from his mother. (healthmd.net)
An estimated 1 in 70 people carry the genes associated with albinism. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Having just one of the genes (being a "carrier") does not give you albinism. (kidshealth.org)
There are several genes associated with albinism. (els.net)
Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome, Tay-Sachs disease, oculocutaneous albinism, galactokinase deficiency.Thirdly, inheritance may be controlled by genes on one of the sex chromosomes, most often the X chromosome. (thefreedictionary.com)
Research on albinism genes is ongoing. (albinism.org)

Additionally, there are also syndromic forms of albinism such as Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome and Chediak-Higashi syndrome . (asperbio.com)
If there is defective gene it may cause Hermansky Pudlak syndrome which is another type of albinism featuring bleeding disorder and defective lungs and bowel movement. (healthmd.net)
Sub-types: oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) types 1, 2, 3 and 4, ocular albinism (OA), Chediak-Higashi Syndrome (CHS), Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS), and Griscelli Syndrome (GS). (clinuvel.com)
1993). Syndromic albinism encompasses many heterogeneous conditions including Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS), Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS), and Griscelli syndrome (GS). (springer.com)
High frequency of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1 (HPS1) among Japanese albinism patients and functional analysis of HPS1 mutant protein. (springer.com)
Diseases associated with AP3D1 include Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome 10 and Ocular Albinism . (genecards.org)
Based on product type, global albinism drug market is classified as Oculocutaneous Albinism, X-Linked Ocular Albinism, Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome, and Chediak-Higashi Syndrome. (pharmiweb.com)
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome is a very uncommon form of albinism. (news-medical.net)

The terminology sounds simple, but in reality is probably incorrect, since all forms of albinism have relative deficiencies of pigment in the hair, skin, and eyes. (visionofchildren.org)
Ocular albinism (OA) results from the inability of the normal pigment cells in the eyes (especially the iris and the retinal pigment epithelium) to produce normal amounts of pigment. (visionofchildren.org)
The complete or partial absence of pigment may affect the eyes, skin and hair ( oculocutaneous albinism ) or only the eyes ( ocular albinism ). (asperbio.com)
This is what happens with albinism, which can show up as a lack of pigment in the skin, eyes, hair, fur, or feathers of that kid or animal. (smore.com)
Albinism affects the amount of pigment found in the skin, hair, and eyes. (epnet.com)
People with albinism usually have little to no pigment in their eyes, skin, and hair. (epnet.com)
The resulting lack of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes is characteristic of albinism. (clinuvel.com)
When someone has albinism, their body has trouble creating pigment. (aao.org)
People with albinism have a reduced amount or absence of pigment in their eyes, hair and skin. (aao.org)
Oculocutaneous albinism or OCA affects the pigment in the eyes, hair and skin. (news-medical.net)
Albinism is an inherited condition present at birth, characterized by a lack of pigment that normally gives color to the skin, hair, and eyes. (thefreedictionary.com)
With OCA, however, if each parent has one normal pigment gene (carrier), 25% of the children will be clinically affected but 50% of children may be carriers of the albinism gene, while 25% have a chance of being born with clinical albinism. (news-medical.net)
Albinism is a reduction of pigment production in the skin, hair and eyes, plus a variable but characteristic change in eye development. (els.net)
People with albinism often have pale blue eyes because they have very little pigment in the iris. (aboutkidshealth.ca)
Most people with albinism are sensitive to bright lights as they lack pigment in the ocular structures to absorb light. (aboutkidshealth.ca)

To identify the carrier state in relatives of patients with ocular albinism. (clinicaltrials.gov)
In at least some patients with ocular albinism, concentric macular rings have been identified using infrared reflectance images. (arizona.edu)
Retinal VPT should be included in the differential diagnosis of any retinal vascular abnormalities in patients with ocular albinism. (amjcaserep.com)
According to NewColorIris.com, the procedure can improve the appearance of patients with Ocular Albinism. (ehow.co.uk)

Researchers are uncertain how these giant melanosomes are related to vision loss and other eye abnormalities in people with ocular albinism. (medlineplus.gov)
Two major problems with the eye and ocular development include abnormalities in the development of the central vision area of the retina (called the macula or the fovea) and in the conduct of impulses from the retina through the optic nerve to the brain. (visionofchildren.org)
Obligate heterozygotes of AROA lack the ocular abnormalities that are present in females heterozygous for XOA. (jamanetwork.com)
Our data show that gene transfer to the adult retina unexpectedly rescues both functional and morphological abnormalities in a retinal developmental disorder, opening novel potential therapeutic perspectives for this and other forms of albinism. (univaq.it)
The normal structure and function of the eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctival fornices, and lacrimal system are essential for the health of the ocular surface, and abnormalities of these structures accomp. (bioportfolio.com)
Study observing ocular abnormalities and VA leads to new criteria. (reviewofoptometry.com)
The set of major and minor criteria was a result of a study that described the phenotypic spectrum of a large cohort of albino patients and investigated the relationship between the ocular abnormalities and visual acuity (VA). (reviewofoptometry.com)

The most common form of this disorder, ocular albinism type 1, affects at least 1 in 60,000 males. (medlineplus.gov)
The name of the gene is derived from the disorder it causes, oculocutaneous albinism type II. (wikipedia.org)
Albinism is a hereditary disorder. (epnet.com)
Albinism is an inherited disorder affecting the skin color and hair color. (healthmd.net)
Albinism is a congenital disorder meaning inherited by birth. (healthmd.net)
Some examples of such albinism are tuberous sclerosis disorder and Chediak Higashi syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome. (healthmd.net)
Albinism is a rare disorder found in fewer than five people per 100,000 in the United States and Europe. (thefreedictionary.com)
Oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1;MIM 203100) is a recessive disorder in which individuals have a mutation in the tyrosinase gene on chromosome 11q14.3. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Ocular Albinism is the type of this disorder that mainly affects the eyes. (ehow.co.uk)

While albinism is always visible at birth, it may be so mild that affected persons are unaware of their diagnosis unless abnormal eye movements or vision develop. (epnet.com)
Albinism is no longer a clinical diagnosis. (bmj.com)
As OST evaluation can be important in detecting different ocular pathologies, having precise details of the variation in temperature across the ocular surface and therefore a more detailed map of the OST adjusted according to subject characteristics and environment conditions, could enhance the early diagnosis and thus the therapy effects. (bioportfolio.com)
The goal of the Wills Eye Ocular Genetics physicians is to ensure accurate diagnosis including appropriate DNA testing and access to upcoming cutting edge treatments. (willseye.org)
Diagnosis was ocular albinism. (mrcophth.com)
Ocular motility examination and asked about the differential diagnosis. (mrcophth.com)
Diagnosis of oculocutaneous albinism is usually obvious from the skin examination, but ocular evaluation is necessary. (merckmanuals.com)
Researchers concluded that without an established set of criteria, a clinical diagnosis of albinism might be difficult to establish because none of the characteristics observed were consistently present in their cohort. (reviewofoptometry.com)
The presence of these eye problems defines the diagnosis of albinism. (albinism.org)

The most common form of ocular albinism is known as the Nettleship-Falls type or type 1. (medlineplus.gov)
A new form of ocular albinism, autosomal recessively inherited ocular albinism (AROA), was studied in seven females and two males from five unrelated Caucasian kindreds. (jamanetwork.com)
Unlike XOA, however, this form of ocular albinism is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, with females affected as severely as males. (jamanetwork.com)

Children with albinism tend to prefer reading with a head tilt and usually hold reading material up close. (medscape.com)
Most children with albinism are born to parents who have normal hair and eye color for their ethnic backgrounds. (smore.com)
Most of the children with albinism will have problems with vision. (healthmd.net)
Training and counseling may be required to equip teachers who handle children with albinism. (news-medical.net)
Most parents of children with albinism do not have any symptoms. (kidshealth.org)
12 in children with albinism. (arvojournals.org)
Most children with albinism do not have red or pink eyes. (aboutkidshealth.ca)
For children with albinism the light comes through the iris as well as the pupil. (aboutkidshealth.ca)

Historically, X-linked ocular albinism is also called Nettleship-Falls ocular albinism, after the two physicians who defined its X-linked inheritance. (visionofchildren.org)
It is likely that the incidence of Nettleship-Falls albinism is more prevalent than 1 person in 50,000 due to frequent misdiagnosis. (visionofchildren.org)
However, in a family with Nettleship-Falls ocular albinism in which there are other known affected males and the mother is known to be a carrier, examination of a male infant at or shortly after birth should clarify whether any individual male is or is not affected. (visionofchildren.org)

[5] Neither blue nor green pigments are ever present in the human iris or ocular fluid. (wikipedia.org)
Companies like Adventures in Colors offer prosthetic contacts and make hand-painted iris lenses for albinism. (ehow.co.uk)
Persons suffering from albinism have extremely light hair, pale skin and no color in the iris. (news-medical.net)
Iris hyperpigmentation in a Chinese family with ocular albinism and the GPR143 mutation. (semanticscholar.org)

Morphogenetic Model for Radial Streaking in the Fundus of the Carrier State of X-Linked Albinism. (medindia.net)
Left fundus of a patient with albinism. (mrcophth.com)

When the term "autosomal recessive ocular albinism" ("AROA") is used, it usually refers to mild variants of oculocutaneous albinism rather than ocular albinism, which is X-linked . (wikipedia.org)
A person who inherits it usually inherits a recessive gene for the condition from each parent, though this is not the case in ocular albinism. (wisegeek.com)
When two parents both have the recessive gene, every child they have has a 1 in 4 chance of having albinism. (wisegeek.com)

The symptoms of albinism depend on the specific type of albinism. (epnet.com)
The primary symptoms of albinism can affect the skin, hair, eye color, and vision. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Because a child with ocular albinism does not have any outward difference in appearance, eye problems may be the first symptoms of albinism . (aao.org)
However, a number of symptoms of albinism can be related to associated eye problems. (news-medical.net)
What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Albinism? (kidshealth.org)
Symptoms of albinism can involve the skin, hair, and eyes. (thefreedictionary.com)

Ocular albinism mainly affects the eyes. (aao.org)
Albinism that only affects the eyes is called ocular albinism. (kidshealth.org)
There are 10 types of the most common form of the condition, known as 'oculocutaneous albinism,' which affects the eyes, hair, and skin. (thefreedictionary.com)
Ocular albinism affects the eyes and usually not the skin. (merckmanuals.com)

Retinal vasoproliferative tumor (VPT) is a type of ocular vascular tumor that commonly occurs idiopathically and can be associated with secondary ocular diseases. (amjcaserep.com)
Ray, K, Chaki, M & Sengupta, M 2007, ' Tyrosinase and ocular diseases: Some novel thoughts on the molecular basis of oculocutaneous albinism type 1 ', Progress in Retinal and Eye Research , vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 323-358. (elsevier.com)
Albinism comes under the category of rare diseases, as 80% of rare diseases are due to inherited gene defects, it is also a gene defected disease. (pharmiweb.com)

Human albinism can be divided broadly into two types, oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and ocular albinism (OA), where "oculo" means eye and cutaneous means skin. (visionofchildren.org)
To elucidate the molecular genetics defect of ocular cutaneous albinism. (arvojournals.org)
One member of a family affected with ocular cutaneous albinism was studied to characterize the clinical phenotype and identify the disease-causing mutation.The family members were examined with ophthalmoscopy, electroretinography, and Goldmann perimetry. (arvojournals.org)
Patients with more severe forms of albinism with cutaneous manifestations are easier for a physician to diagnose compared with those with more subtle forms or those with ocular albinism. (medscape.com)
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) syndrome is an autoimmune condition characterized by ocular, neurologic, auditory, and cutaneous manifestations. (thefreelibrary.com)
Cutaneous and ocular pathologies (ocular involvement) are both present. (merckmanuals.com)
In Chédiak-Higashi syndrome, OCA-like cutaneous and ocular findings occur, hair is silvery gray, and a decrease in platelet-dense granules results in a bleeding diathesis. (merckmanuals.com)

Albinism refers to a group of rare inherited disorders that are present from birth. (epnet.com)
Conjunctival goblet cells: Ocular surface functions, disorders that affect them, and the potential for their regeneration. (bioportfolio.com)

An ocular albinism that is characterized by deafness and vestibular dysfunction and has_material_basis_in digenic inheritane of a mutation in the transcription factor gene MITF on chromosome 3p13 and in the tyrosinase TYR gene on chromosome 11q14.3 that MITF regulates. (jax.org)
This is the rarer form of albinism and is caused by a mutation in an X chromosome. (news-medical.net)
Sometimes, albinism is caused by a new gene change (called a mutation). (kidshealth.org)
Thirty-one members of a family affected with X-linked ocular albinism (OAI) were studied to characterize the clinical phenotype and identify the disease-causing mutation. (elsevier.com)

Moreover, ocular albino eyes become crossed, a condition called as 'lazy eyes' or strabismus. (wikipedia.org)
Moreover, in an ocular albino eye, nerves from back of the eye to the brain may not follow the usual pattern of routing. (wikipedia.org)
In an ocular albino eye, more nerves cross from back of the eye to the opposite side of the brain instead of going to the both sides of the brain as in a normal eye. (wikipedia.org)
Many animal studies in the 1970s reported that all albino mammals with oculocutaneous, or only ocular albinism, demonstrate reduced uncrossed optic projections (Sanderson et al. (utah.edu)

Though surgery for strabismus is sometimes helpful, there does not seem to be a sure remedy for it until the etiology of ocular albinism is well established. (gutenberg.org)

Ocular albinism type 1 (OA1), is the most common type of ocular albinism, with a prevalence rate of 1:50,000. (wikipedia.org)
There is also a type of ocular albinism that is carried on the X chromosome and occurs almost exclusively in males because they have only one X chromosome and, therefore, no other gene for the trait to override the flawed one. (thefreedictionary.com)

In males (who have only one X chromosome), one altered copy of the GPR143 gene in each cell is sufficient to cause the characteristic features of ocular albinism. (medlineplus.gov)

Nitisinone may soon be applied for people with ocular albinism. (pharmiweb.com)

To date there is no treatment for ocular albinism, probably because such little is known about the receptor function and its role in pathophysiology. (gutenberg.org)
It is estimated that Nitisinone may soon be a potential treatment for ocular albinism patients. (pharmiweb.com)

Boys with ocular albinism have an alteration in their only copy of the GPR143 gene. (aboutkidshealth.ca)

With respect to ocular complaints, patients typically report decreased central vision and photophobia. (medscape.com)
Photophobia, or sensitivity to light, is one of the most common vision problems for people with albinism. (ehow.co.uk)

Albinism in phylogenetically and geographically distinct populations of Astyanax cavefish arises through the same loss-of-function Oca2 allele. (medindia.net)
The most well-known type is Oculocutaneous Albinism (OCA2) and characteristics can include pinkish eyes, white hair and pale skin. (ehow.co.uk)

Chediak-Higashi syndrome is another rare form of albinism which is similar to OCA. (news-medical.net)

2. Can one predict the severity of visual impairment in a child with oculocutaneous albinism? (mrcophth.com)

Rare retinal VPT has been reported with systemic and ocular associations, but it has never been reported in the literature in association with ocular albinism. (amjcaserep.com)
Topographical Retinal Function in Oculocutaneous Albinism. (howstuffworks.com)
Affected males with X-linked ocular albinism can have a visual disability that ranges from almost none to legal blindness, and the female carriers can have variable retinal pigmentary appearance. (elsevier.com)
Here, using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and adaptive optics (AO) retinal imaging, we obtained high-resolution images of the foveal region in six individuals with albinism. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

The ocular findings are typical but deafness is not significant until late midlife. (arizona.edu)

2000) Endoplasmic reticulum retention is a common defect associated with tyrosinase‐negative albinism. (els.net)

An important gene associated with Ocular Albinism is TYR (Tyrosinase), and among its related pathways/superpathways are Melanogenesis and Cushing syndrome . (malacards.org)
Albinism can occur as part of a larger syndrome, but this is rare. (aboutkidshealth.ca)

The syndromic forms of albinism (i.e. (clinuvel.com)
Non-syndromic albinism is subdivided into two types: oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and ocular albinism (OA). (springer.com)
OCA5, a novel locus for non-syndromic oculocutaneous albinism, maps to chromosome 4q24. (springer.com)

In ocular albinism there is a nearly complete crossing of nerve fibers in the optic chiasm as well as a decreased number of photoreceptors. (arizona.edu)
MRI imaging of the optic chiasm in humans with albinism reveals it to be smaller with a wider angle between optic tracts, reflecting the atypical crossing of nerve fibers. (arizona.edu)
Schmitz B, Schaefer T, Krick CM, Reith W, Backens M, K?SSsmann-Kellner B. Configuration of the optic chiasm in humans with albinism as revealed by magnetic resonance imaging . (arizona.edu)
The first link between Siamese cats and albinism, and suggestion that reduced uncrossed optic fibers likely is a "highly general transspecies phenomenon in albinic mammals" was in 1971 (Creel, 1971a, b). (utah.edu)
In the eyes of a person without albinism, the optic nerve leaves each eye and goes to the centre of the brain. (aboutkidshealth.ca)
Findings in ocular involvement include abnormal optic tract development manifested by foveal hypoplasia with decreased photoreceptors and misrouting of optic chiasmal fibers. (merckmanuals.com)

Ocular albinism is the type that cause defect only in the eyes and not on skin color and hair. (healthmd.net)

Ocular albinism is an X-linked inherited disease and distinguished from oculocutaneous albinism by less hair and skin involvement. (amjcaserep.com)
Gov/sites/genetests/lab/disease/albinism? (healthtap.com)
Oculoplastic Aspects of Ocular Surface Disease and Their Management: Oculoplastic Management of OSD. (bioportfolio.com)
However the cellular integrity of the fovea in albinism is not well understood - there likely exist important anatomical differences that underlie phenotypic variability within the disease and that also may affect responsiveness to therapeutic intervention. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Europe will have significant increase in business of albinism drug due to strict regulations in identifying the disease, developed healthcare infrastructure and increasing awareness of this disease from European albinism communities that are formed recently. (pharmiweb.com)

Anatomy17

Organisms2

Diseases37

Chemicals and Drugs13

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment9

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes17

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Health Care1

Geographicals3

Albinism: its implications for refractive development. (1/72)

Oa1 knock-out: new insights on the pathogenesis of ocular albinism type 1. (2/72)

Expression pattern of the ocular albinism type 1 (Oa1) gene in the murine retinal pigment epithelium. (3/72)

Defective intracellular transport and processing of OA1 is a major cause of ocular albinism type 1. (4/72)

Behavioral visual responses of wild-type and hypopigmented zebrafish. (5/72)

Correlation between rod photoreceptor numbers and levels of ocular pigmentation. (6/72)

Motor and sensory characteristics of infantile nystagmus. (7/72)

Identification of three novel OA1 gene mutations identified in three families misdiagnosed with congenital nystagmus and carrier status determination by real-time quantitative PCR assay. (8/72)

Albinism

Albinism, Oculocutaneous

Monophenol Monooxygenase

Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome

Nystagmus, Pathologic

Hypopigmentation

Folklore

Melanosomes

Nystagmus, Congenital

Eye

Ocular Hypertension

Eye Color

Melanocytes

Pigmentation

Albinism, Ocular

Melanins

Piebaldism

Toxoplasmosis, Ocular

Pigmentation Disorders

Evoked Potentials, Visual

Eye Proteins

Photophobia

Skin Pigmentation

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Membrane Transport Proteins

Electronystagmography

Visual Acuity

Dominance, Ocular

Genetic Diseases, X-Linked

Tonometry, Ocular

Pontederiaceae

Refraction, Ocular

Pedigree

Fundus Oculi

Iris

Eye Neoplasms

Characidae

Social Alienation

Mutation

Catechol Oxidase

Ocular Motility Disorders

Pigment Epithelium of Eye

Caves

Chondrodysplasia Punctata

Cornea

Ocular Physiological Phenomena

Fovea Centralis

Eye Injuries

Hair Color

Refractive Errors

Optic Chiasm

Intraocular Pressure

Tuberculosis, Ocular

Membrane Glycoproteins

Tears

Vision, Ocular

Strabismus

Iris Diseases

Ophthalmic Solutions

Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency

Ichthyosis

Kallmann Syndrome

Guinea

Visual Pathways

Optic Nerve

Retina

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Eye Infections, Parasitic

Puerto Rico

Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1

Genes, Recessive

Conjunctival Diseases

Eye Infections

Uveitis

Melanophores

Dry Eye Syndromes

Phenotype

Sunscreening Agents

Conjunctivitis

Ocular Hypotension

中南大学郭朝晖