Albinism. Medical search

General term for a number of inherited defects of amino acid metabolism in which there is a deficiency or absence of pigment in the eyes, skin, or hair.

Heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders comprising at least four recognized types, all having in common varying degrees of hypopigmentation of the skin, hair, and eyes. The two most common are the tyrosinase-positive and tyrosinase-negative types.

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction between L-tyrosine, L-dopa, and oxygen to yield L-dopa, dopaquinone, and water. It is a copper protein that acts also on catechols, catalyzing some of the same reactions as CATECHOL OXIDASE. EC 1.14.18.1.

Syndrome characterized by the triad of oculocutaneous albinism (ALBINISM, OCULOCUTANEOUS); PLATELET STORAGE POOL DEFICIENCY; and lysosomal accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin.

Involuntary movements of the eye that are divided into two types, jerk and pendular. Jerk nystagmus has a slow phase in one direction followed by a corrective fast phase in the opposite direction, and is usually caused by central or peripheral vestibular dysfunction. Pendular nystagmus features oscillations that are of equal velocity in both directions and this condition is often associated with visual loss early in life. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p272)

A condition caused by a deficiency or a loss of melanin pigmentation in the epidermis, also known as hypomelanosis. Hypopigmentation can be localized or generalized, and may result from genetic defects, trauma, inflammation, or infections.

The common orally transmitted traditions, myths, festivals, songs, superstitions, and stories of all peoples.

Melanin-containing organelles found in melanocytes and melanophores.

Nystagmus present at birth or caused by lesions sustained in utero or at the time of birth. It is usually pendular, and is associated with ALBINISM and conditions characterized by early loss of central vision. Inheritance patterns may be X-linked, autosomal dominant, or recessive. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p275)

Color of the iris.

Mammalian pigment cells that produce MELANINS, pigments found mainly in the EPIDERMIS, but also in the eyes and the hair, by a process called melanogenesis. Coloration can be altered by the number of melanocytes or the amount of pigment produced and stored in the organelles called MELANOSOMES. The large non-mammalian melanin-containing cells are called MELANOPHORES.

Coloration or discoloration of a part by a pigment.

Autosomal dominant, congenital disorder characterized by localized hypomelanosis of the skin and hair. The most familiar feature is a white forelock presenting in 80 to 90 percent of the patients. The underlying defect is possibly related to the differentiation and migration of melanoblasts, as well as to defective development of the neural crest (neurocristopathy). Piebaldism may be closely related to WAARDENBURG SYNDROME.

Insoluble polymers of TYROSINE derivatives found in and causing darkness in skin (SKIN PIGMENTATION), hair, and feathers providing protection against SUNBURN induced by SUNLIGHT. CAROTENES contribute yellow and red coloration.

The electric response evoked in the cerebral cortex by visual stimulation or stimulation of the visual pathways.

A form of phagocyte bactericidal dysfunction characterized by unusual oculocutaneous albinism, high incidence of lymphoreticular neoplasms, and recurrent pyogenic infections. In many cell types, abnormal lysosomes are present leading to defective pigment distribution and abnormal neutrophil functions. The disease is transmitted by autosomal recessive inheritance and a similar disorder occurs in the beige mouse, the Aleutian mink, and albino Hereford cattle.

Coloration of the skin.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.

Abnormal sensitivity to light. This may occur as a manifestation of EYE DISEASES; MIGRAINE; SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE; MENINGITIS; and other disorders. Photophobia may also occur in association with DEPRESSION and other MENTAL DISORDERS.

Recording of nystagmus based on changes in the electrical field surrounding the eye produced by the difference in potential between the cornea and the retina.

A plant family of the order Liliales, subclass Liliidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Most species are perennials, native primarily to tropical America. They have creeping rootstocks, fibrous roots, and leaves in clusters at the base of the plant or borne on branched stems. The fruit is a capsule containing many seeds, or a one-seeded winged structure.

Genetic diseases that are linked to gene mutations on the X CHROMOSOME in humans (X CHROMOSOME, HUMAN) or the X CHROMOSOME in other species. Included here are animal models of human X-linked diseases.

A family of fresh water fish in the order CHARACIFORMES, which includes the Tetras.

The state of estrangement individuals feel in cultural settings that they view as foreign, unpredictable, or unacceptable.

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction between catechol and oxygen to yield benzoquinone and water. It is a complex of copper-containing proteins that acts also on a variety of substituted catechols. EC 1.10.3.1.

The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.

Geological formations consisting of underground enclosures with access from the surface.

A heterogeneous group of bone dysplasias, the common character of which is stippling of the epiphyses in infancy. The group includes a severe autosomal recessive form (CHONDRODYSPLASIA PUNCTATA, RHIZOMELIC), an autosomal dominant form (Conradi-Hunermann syndrome), and a milder X-linked form. Metabolic defects associated with impaired peroxisomes are present only in the rhizomelic form.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Color of hair or fur.

The X-shaped structure formed by the meeting of the two optic nerves. At the optic chiasm the fibers from the medial part of each retina cross to project to the other side of the brain while the lateral retinal fibers continue on the same side. As a result each half of the brain receives information about the contralateral visual field from both eyes.

An area approximately 1.5 millimeters in diameter within the macula lutea where the retina thins out greatly because of the oblique shifting of all layers except the pigment epithelium layer. It includes the sloping walls of the fovea (clivus) and contains a few rods in its periphery. In its center (foveola) are the cones most adapted to yield high visual acuity, each cone being connected to only one ganglion cell. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

Disorder characterized by a decrease or lack of platelet dense bodies in which the releasable pool of adenine nucleotides and 5HT are normally stored.

The layer of pigment-containing epithelial cells in the RETINA; the CILIARY BODY; and the IRIS in the eye.

A republic in western Africa, south of SENEGAL and MALI, east of GUINEA-BISSAU. Its capital is Conakry.

Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.

Any of several generalized skin disorders characterized by dryness, roughness, and scaliness, due to hypertrophy of the stratum corneum epidermis. Most are genetic, but some are acquired, developing in association with other systemic disease or genetic syndrome.

A genetically heterogeneous disorder caused by hypothalamic GNRH deficiency and OLFACTORY NERVE defects. It is characterized by congenital HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM and ANOSMIA, possibly with additional midline defects. It can be transmitted as an X-linked (GENETIC DISEASES, X-LINKED), an autosomal dominant, or an autosomal recessive trait.

The concave interior of the eye, consisting of the retina, the choroid, the sclera, the optic disk, and blood vessels, seen by means of the ophthalmoscope. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)

An autosomal dominant disorder caused by deletion of the proximal long arm of the paternal chromosome 15 (15q11-q13) or by inheritance of both of the pair of chromosomes 15 from the mother (UNIPARENTAL DISOMY) which are imprinted (GENETIC IMPRINTING) and hence silenced. Clinical manifestations include MENTAL RETARDATION; MUSCULAR HYPOTONIA; HYPERPHAGIA; OBESITY; short stature; HYPOGONADISM; STRABISMUS; and HYPERSOMNOLENCE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p229)

An island in the Greater Antilles in the West Indies. Its capital is San Juan. It is a self-governing commonwealth in union with the United States. It was discovered by Columbus in 1493 but no colonization was attempted until 1508. It belonged to Spain until ceded to the United States in 1898. It became a commonwealth with autonomy in internal affairs in 1952. Columbus named the island San Juan for St. John's Day, the Monday he arrived, and the bay Puerto Rico, rich harbor. The island became Puerto Rico officially in 1932. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p987 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p436)

A melanocortin receptor subtype found primarily in MELANOCYTES. It shows specificity for ALPHA-MSH and ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE. Loss of function mutations of the type 1 melanocortin receptor account for the majority of red hair and fair skin recessive traits in human.

Chromatophores (large pigment cells of fish, amphibia, reptiles and many invertebrates) which contain melanin. Short term color changes are brought about by an active redistribution of the melanophores pigment containing organelles (MELANOSOMES). Mammals do not have melanophores; however they have retained smaller pigment cells known as MELANOCYTES.

Chemical or physical agents that protect the skin from sunburn and erythema by absorbing or blocking ultraviolet radiation.

Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE only in the homozygous state.

A republic in southern Africa, east of ZAMBIA and BOTSWANA and west of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Harare. It was formerly called Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

A family of large adaptin protein complex subunits of approximately 90-130 kDa in size.

An injury to the skin causing erythema, tenderness, and sometimes blistering and resulting from excessive exposure to the sun. The reaction is produced by the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight.

Spontaneous or near spontaneous bleeding caused by a defect in clotting mechanisms (BLOOD COAGULATION DISORDERS) or another abnormality causing a structural flaw in the blood vessels (HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS).

Diseases, dysfunctions, or disorders of or located in the iris.

A naturally occurring lipid pigment with histochemical characteristics similar to lipofuscin. It accumulates in various tissues in certain experimental and pathological conditions.

Set of cell bodies and nerve fibers conducting impulses from the eyes to the cerebral cortex. It includes the RETINA; OPTIC NERVE; optic tract; and geniculocalcarine tract.

Giant eyes in Xenopus laevis by overexpression of XOptx2. (1/186)

Overexpression of XOptx2, a homeodomain-containing transcription factor expressed in the Xenopus embryonic eye field, results in a dramatic increase in eye size. An XOptx2-Engrailed repressor gives a similar phenotype, while an XOptx2-VP16 activator reduces eye size. XOptx2 stimulates bromodeoxyuridine incorporation, and XOptx2-induced eye enlargement is dependent on cellular proliferation. Moreover, retinoblasts transfected with XOptx2 produce clones of cells approximately twice as large as control clones. Pax6, which does not increase eye size alone, acts synergistically with XOptx2. Our results suggest that XOptx2, in combination with other genes expressed in the eye field, is crucially involved in the proliferative state of retinoblasts and thereby the size of the eye. (+info)

Induction of melanoma in TPras transgenic mice. (2/186)

In order to study the oncogenesis of melanocytes, transgenic mouse lines were established that express a mutated human Ha-ras (TPras) gene in pigment producing cells. The ras transgenic mice exhibit an altered phenotype, including melanocytic hyperplasia and a muted agouti coat, indicative of hyperproliferative melanocytes. These mice and their wild-type littermates have been subjected to a variety of carcinogenesis protocols, including 7, 12-dimethylbenz-[a]anthracene (DMBA), 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and UV radiation exposure. Topical DMBA treatment of TPras mice resulted in a high incidence of melanomas. Metastatic lesions were observed in skin, lungs and lymph nodes. TPA treatment of TPras mice induced a small number of papillomas but no nevi or melanomas. UV light exposures induced papillomas in negative littermate and melanomas in some albino TPras mice. These results show that melanocytes expressing an activated Ha-ras in the TPras transgenic mice are susceptible to induction of melanoma by DMBA. (+info)

Genetic disorders of vision revealed by a behavioral screen of 400 essential loci in zebrafish. (3/186)

We examined optokinetic and optomotor responses of 450 zebrafish mutants, which were isolated previously based on defects in organ formation, tissue patterning, pigmentation, axon guidance, or other visible phenotypes. These strains carry single point mutations in >400 essential loci. We asked which fraction of the mutants develop blindness or other types of impairments specific to the visual system. Twelve mutants failed to respond in either one or both of our assays. Subsequent histological and electroretinographic analysis revealed unique deficits at various stages of the visual pathway, including lens degeneration (bumper), melanin deficiency (sandy), lack of ganglion cells (lakritz), ipsilateral misrouting of axons (belladonna), optic-nerve disorganization (grumpy and sleepy), inner nuclear layer or outer plexiform layer malfunction (noir, dropje, and possibly steifftier), and disruption of retinotectal impulse activity (macho and blumenkohl). Surprisingly, mutants with abnormally large or small eyes or severe wiring defects frequently exhibit no discernible behavioral deficits. In addition, we identified 13 blind mutants that display outer-retina dystrophy, making this syndrome the single-most common cause of inherited blindness in zebrafish. Our screen showed that a significant fraction (approximately 5%) of the essential loci also participate in visual functions but did not reveal any systematic genetic linkage to particular morphological traits. The mutations uncovered by our behavioral assays provide distinct entry points for the study of visual pathways and set the stage for a genetic dissection of vertebrate vision. (+info)

Extrinsic modulation of retinal ganglion cell projections: analysis of the albino mutation in pigmentation mosaic mice. (4/186)

Tyrosinase is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of melanin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Mice that are homozygous for the albino allele at the tyrosinase locus have fewer retinal ganglion cells with uncrossed projections at the optic chiasm. To determine the site of the albino gene action we studied the projections of retinal ganglion cells in two types of pigmentation mosaic mice. First, we generated mosaic mice that contain a translocated allele of the wild-type tyrosinase on one X chromosome but that also have the lacZ reporter transgene on the opposite X chromosome. In these lacZ/tyrosinase mice, which are homozygous for the albino allele on chromosome 7, X-inactivation ensures that tyrosinase cannot be functional within 50% of the retinal ganglion cells and that these individual cells can be identified by their expression of the lacZ reporter gene product, beta-galactosidase. The proportion of uncrossed retinal ganglion cells expressing beta-galactosidase was found to be identical to the proportion that did not express it, indicating that the albino mutation associated with axonal behavior at the optic chiasm must affect ganglion cells in a cell-extrinsic manner. Second, to determine whether the RPE is the source of the extrinsic signal, we generated aggregation chimeras between pigmented and albino mice. In these mosaic mice, the extent of the uncrossed projection corresponded with the amount of pigmented cells within the RPE, but did not correspond with the genotypes of neural retinal cells. These studies demonstrate that the albino mutation acts indirectly upon retinal ganglion cells, which in turn respond by making axonal guidance errors at the optic chiasm. (+info)

Genetically determined protein polymorphism in the rabbit nervous system. (5/186)

One of the polypeptides (H1) of the rabbit nervous system occurs in an altered form (H2) in some rabbits. The electrophoretic mobility of H2 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels is about 6% greater than that of H1, suggesting that the two polypeptides differ in molecular weight by about 10,000. The alteration is genetically determined since (i) rabbit phenotypes corresponding to all possible genotypes (H1H1, H1H2, H2H2) were present in an outbred population of rabbits, (ii) the frequency of the phenotype corresponding to the heterozygous genotype (H1H2) was smaller in partially inbred rabbit populations than in outbred populations, and (iii) all of the individuals examined from two partially inbred strains (WH/J and X/J) were of the phenotype that would be expected if they were homozygous (H2H2) for the rare allele of the gene. Preliminary evidence indicates that this polymorphic polypeptide is most abundant in the white matter of the nervous systems of several mammalian species, and is distributed with buffers of low ionic strength and centrifuged at 100,000 Xg. (+info)

arg-cys substitution at codon 1246 of the human myosin Va gene is not associated with Griscelli syndrome. (6/186)

Myosin Va is an actin-associated motor protein involved in organelle transport such as melanosomes and neuron synaptic vesicles and has always been proposed as the candidate gene for the autosomal recessive Griscelli-Prunieras syndrome, one of the silvery hair syndromes, which is a lethal disease combining immunodeficiency and neurologic and pigmentary abnormalities. Thus far, two mutations in the myosin Va gene have been described to be associated with this syndrome. One of these mutations was a homozygous mis-sense mutation causing an arginine to cysteine alteration at codon 1246. Because we also found this particular substitution after mutation analysis of a Griscelli patient, we checked its relevance in a control group of 124 unrelated healthy individuals and found it to be present, even in homozygous state, in normal unaffected individuals. It is clear that this arg1246cys substitution is a polymorphism occurring in the human population and not occurring in association with Griscelli syndrome. Distinguishing a polymorphism from a bona fide mutation is of utmost importance and has major ethical implications with regard to prenatal genetic counseling in affected families. (+info)

X mapping in man: evidence against direct measurable linkage between ocular albinism and deutan colour blindness. (7/186)

A Newfoundland kindred in which ocular albinism and deutan colour blindness are segregating provides strong evidence against the loci for these two X-borne characters being within direct measurable distance of each other. (+info)

Bile mediates intestinal pathology in endotoxemia in rats. (8/186)

Intestinal pathology frequently accompanies experimental endotoxic shock and is mediated by proinflammatory cytokines. Our hypotheses are that hepatobiliary factors operating from the luminal side of the gut make a major contribution to this damage and that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) is involved in the pathology. We treated rats with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intravenously and found that external drainage of bile totally protected the gastrointestinal tract, macroscopically and microscopically, 4 h after LPS administration and dramatically improved survival of the animals for 48 h after LPS administration. The concentration of TNF-alpha in bile increased markedly after LPS administration and was over 30 times higher in bile than in serum. Tissue damage and the biliary TNF-alpha response were abrogated when animals were pretreated with gadolinium chloride to eliminate Kupffer cells. TNF-alpha infusion into the duodenal lumen caused intestinal damage similar to that elicited by intravenous LPS. In rats treated with LPS, survival was significantly increased during the first 36 h in animals given an infusion of anti-TNF-alpha antibody into the duodenum. These results demonstrate that in endotoxemia, intestinal damage is mediated by factors derived from the bile. The findings indicate that luminally acting TNF-alpha contributes to the intestinal damage. (+info)

Imperfect albinism - when melanin is reduced in the eyes, skin and feathers. Partial albinism - when albinism is localized to ... Animals portal Wikimedia Commons has media related to Albinism. Albinism in humans Albinism in chickens Albino and white ... Albinism in molluscs has been recognized to be a hereditary phenomenon at least since 1900. Albinism in molluscs can exist to a ... In one study, albinism in birds has been categorised according to the extent of pigment absence. - Total albinism - a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albinism

... is a form of albinism involving the eyes (oculo-), the skin (-cutaneous), and the hair. Overall, an ... "Orphanet: Oculocutaneous albinism". Orphanet. "OMIM Entry - #615179 - ALBINISM, OCULOCUTANEOUS, TYPE VII; OCA7". Online ... 864 Oculocutaneous albinism is also found in non-human animals. The following types of oculocutaneous albinism have been ... Oculocutaneous albinism information at RareDiseases.org NCBI Genetic Testing Registry (Articles with short description, Short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculocutaneous_albinism

... is a form of albinism which, in contrast to oculocutaneous albinism, presents primarily in the eyes. There are ... it usually refers to mild variants of oculocutaneous albinism rather than ocular albinism, which is X-linked. "Ocular albinism ... Sex-linked ocular albinism displaying typical fundal changes in the female heterozygote. American Journal of Ophthalmology, ... GeneReviews/NCBI/NIH/UW entry on Ocular Albinism, X-Linked (CS1 German-language sources (de), Articles with short description, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_albinism

Albinism Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. p. 928. ... Albinism-deafness syndrome is a condition characterized by congenital neural deafness and a severe or extreme piebald-like ... July 1990). "Genetic mapping of X-linked albinism-deafness syndrome (ADFN) to Xq26.3-q27.I". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 47 (1): 20-7. ... Zlotogora J (November 1995). "X-linked albinism-deafness syndrome and Waardenburg syndrome type II: a hypothesis". Am. J. Med. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albinism–deafness_syndrome

The other end of the spectrum of albinism is "a form of albinism called rufous oculocutaneous albinism, which usually affects ... The chance of offspring with albinism resulting from the pairing of an organism with albinism and one without albinism is low. ... Albinism usually occurs with equal frequency in both sexes. An exception to this is ocular albinism, which it is passed on to ... Look up albinism or albino in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Wikimedia Commons has media related to People with albinism. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albinism_in_humans

Website for International Albinism Awareness Day United Nations' on International Albinism Awareness Day OHCHR on Albinism ... In response, the Tanzania Albinism Society (TAS) and other NGOs began campaigning for the human rights of persons with albinism ... n.a. (n.d.). "International Albinism Awareness Day". International Albinism Awareess Day. Archived from the original on 12 June ... n.a. (July 21, 2017). "International Albinism Awareness day 2017". Albinism in Africa. Retrieved October 28, 2018. n.a. (June ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Albinism_Awareness_Day

Because type IA Albinism has no functioning copies of the gene, it is the most severe type of albinism. The mutations on this ... Oculocutaneous albinism type IA is the most severe type of albinism, as it is characterized by no melanin production. Other ... Oculocutaneous albinism type I or type 1A is an autosomal recessive skin disease. This subtype of oculocutaneous albinism is ... "Oculocutaneous Albinism". atlasgeneticsoncology.org. Retrieved 2021-04-26. "Oculocutaneous albinism , Genetic and Rare Diseases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oculocutaneous_albinism_type_I

... (OA1) is the most common type of ocular albinism, with a prevalence rate of 1:50,000. It is an ... Albinism may manifest itself as oculocutaneous (OCA) or just ocular (OA). There occur at least ten different types of OCA and ... Ocular albinism results from defects in the melanin system, which may arise from either defects in the OA1 receptor, or ... "NOAH - Ocular". www.albinism.org. Archived from the original on 2002-02-23. Surace, E.M., Angeletti, B., Ballabio, A. and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_albinism_type_1

The depiction of albinism in popular culture, especially the portrayal of people with albinism in film and fiction, has been ... Centers, S. (2005). "Famous People with Albinism". SARA-Foundation.com. Campbell, California: Supporting Albinism Research and ... Types of albinism include: Oculocutaneous albinism. Affects the skin, hair, and eyes. Around 1 in 70 people have a mutation in ... Albinism in Popular Culture, by Luna Eterna, 1997-2006; accessed 8 January 2007 "Book two of Hollywood's rules of albinism", ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albinism_in_popular_culture

Albinism Foundation Zambia is based in Lusaka, Zambia. The founder of the Albinism Foundation of Zambia (AFZ) is John Chiti as ... Oculocutaneous albinism, OCA2, is the most common gene type of albinism inherited disorders among the Bantu population of ... "Albinism in Malawi Stop The Killings." Albinism in Malawi Stop The Killings , Amnesty International, 2016, "Tanzania: No Albino ... "About albinism - Albinism Foundation of Zambia - AFZ". Retrieved 4 July 2020. "Unclaimed Albino Body Buried". Zambia Reports. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_people_with_albinism

... 's symptoms may vary from individual to individual, however there are many ... Microcephaly albinism digital anomalies syndrome is a very rare congenital genetic disease. The syndrome includes microcephaly ... "Microcephaly-albinism-digital anomalies syndrome , Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS Program". ... Common symptoms are: microcephaly oculocutaneous albinism Slow development of the fingers hypoplasia of the distal phalanx of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microcephaly_albinism_digital_anomalies_syndrome

Because of the rarity of albinism, the NOAH conferences allow people with albinism to meet with others sharing the same ... NOAH sponsors workshops and conferences on albinism. It also publishes a quarterly magazine, Albinism InSight, information ... and support groups for people with albinism in the United States and other countries the Albinism World Alliance. NOAH has ... In 2008, NOAH announced the release of its first full-length book, titled Raising a Child with Albinism: A Guide to the Early ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Organization_for_Albinism_and_Hypopigmentation

It is a subtype of Ocular Albinism (OA) that is linked to Ocular albinism type I (OA1). OA1 is the most common form of ocular ... "Ocular albinism: MedlinePlus Genetics". medlineplus.gov. Retrieved 2021-04-01. "Albinism, Ocular Type 1 , Hereditary Ocular ... Ocular albinism late onset sensorineural deafness (OASD) is a rare, X-linked recessive disease characterized by intense visual ... "Albinism - EyeWiki". eyewiki.aao.org. Retrieved 2021-04-01. Bassi, MT; Ramesar, RS; Caciotti, B; Winship, IM; Grandi, AD; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocular_albinism_late_onset_sensorineural_deafness

"Albinism". MedicinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. United States National Library of Medicine. Retrieved December 11, 2009. Harris, ... Due to albinism, the lack of pigment in the colored part of the eyes (irises) makes them somewhat translucent. This means that ... Ankylosing spondylitis Albinism Ariboflavinosis Benzodiazepines Chemotherapy Chikungunya Cystinosis Drug withdrawal Ehlers- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photophobia

The act then explains what characteristics of an offence constitute a hate crime, as follows: age; albinism; birth; colour; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prevention_and_Combating_of_Hate_Crimes_and_Hate_Speech_Bill

Imes, D. L.; Geary, L. A.; Grahn, R. A.; Lyons, L. A. (April 2006). "Albinism in the domestic cat (Felis catus) is associated ... Federico, Justin R.; Krishnamurthy, Karthik (April 19, 2022). "Albinism". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing. PMID 30085560 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominance_(genetics)

Knight, Elizabeth G. (November 1881). "Albinism". Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club. 8 (11): 125. JSTOR 2475890. "ELIZABETH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Gertrude_Britton

Albinism. Charles M. Woolf. Pages 754-761. Blood Groups, Immunoglobulins, and Genetic Variation. Dennis H. O'Rourke. Pages 762- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handbook_of_North_American_Indians

Albinism 793..........................................Congenital disorders of the skin. Nevi. Moles 138 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Classification:Class_R_--_Medicine

NOAH - What is Albinism? Archived 14 May 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Albinism.org. Retrieved on 23 December 2011. Dave Johnson ... violet-colored eyes occur only due to albinism. Eyes that appear red or violet under certain conditions due to albinism are ... In severe forms of albinism, there is no pigment on the back of the iris, and light from inside the eye can pass through the ... In those with milder forms of albinism, the color of the iris is typically blue but can vary from blue to brown. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_color

This is in contrast to albinism, for which leucism is often mistaken. Albinism results in the reduction of melanin production ... Due to the lack of melanin production in both the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) and iris, those affected by albinism ... "Oculocutaneous Albinism". NORD (National Organization for Rare Disorders). Retrieved 2020-06-23. Coat color, dominant white ... Albino and white squirrels Amelanism Dyschromia Erythrism Heterochromia iridum Albinism Melanism Piebaldism Vitiligo ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leucism

Another form of Albinism, the "yellow oculocutaneous albinism", appears to be more prevalent among the Amish, who are of ... People with albinism typically test poorly, within the 20/60 to 20/400 range. In addition, two forms of albinism, with ... Similar patterns of albinism and deafness have been found in other mammals, including dogs and rodents. However, a lack of ... The connection between albinism and deafness is well known, though poorly understood. In his 1859 treatise On the Origin of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanin

OCA2 Albinism, brown; 203290; TYRP1 Albinism, oculocutaneous, type IA; 203100; TYR Albinism, oculocutaneous, type IB; 606952; ... TYR Albinism, oculocutaneous, type II; 203200; OCA2 Albinism, rufous; 278400; TYRP1 Alcohol sensitivity, acute; 610251; ALDH2 ... MITF Waardenburg syndrome/albinism, digenic; 103470; TYR Waardenburg syndrome/ocular albinism, digenic; 103470; MITF Wagner ... TTN Tietz albinism-deafness syndrome; 103500; MITF Timothy syndrome; 601005; CACNA1C Tn syndrome; 300622; C1GALT1C1 Toenail ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

"What is Albinism?". The National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation. Archived from the original on 14 May 2012. ... This accounts for the reddish appearance of eyes in some types of albinism. In research mammals, such as mice, albinism is more ... not albinism nor partial albinism. All so-called "albino" horses have pigmented eyes, generally brown or blue. In contrast, ... The best-known type of albinism is OCA1A, which impairs tyrosinase production. In other mammals, the diagnosis of albinism is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_horse

Kameeta has Albinism. His prominent role in society has helped fellow albinism sufferers gain better understanding and ... People with albinism, Liberation theologians, 20th-century Christian theologians, 20th-century Namibian people, 21st-century ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zephania_Kameeta

"Famous People with Albinism". SARA-Foundation.com. Campbell, California: Supporting Albinism Research and Awareness. Archived ... He had albinism. G. Harishankar's main disciples are C. P. Vyasa Vittala, Bangalore Amrit & Nerkunam Sankar. They are ... People with albinism, 20th-century Indian musicians, 20th-century drummers, All stub articles, Carnatic music stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._Harishankar

2: 3. Bateson, W. (1905). "Albinism in Sicily. A further correction". Biometrika. 4 (1-2): 231-232. doi:10.1093/biomet/4.1- ... "Albinism in Sicily. A correction". Biometrika. 3 (4): 471-472. doi:10.1093/biomet/3.4.471. Bateson, W. (1904). "A natural ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bateson

"Albinism and Driving". NOAH.org. East Hampstead, NH: National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation. 2002. Archived ... East Hampstead, NH: National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation. 2002. Archived from the original on April 3, 2009 ... especially those with albinism. They can either be a combination of head-mounted eyeglasses (termed the "carrier") and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioptics_(device)

He has albinism. Kanyinda won the Canadian Screen Award for Best Supporting Actor at the 1st Canadian Screen Awards. "Rebelle ... People with albinism, Best Supporting Actor Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners, Year of birth missing (living people), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serge_Kanyinda

Horse Coat Equine coat color Equine coat color genetics Pinto horse Tricoloured (horse) Pigmentation Albinism Amelanism ... Albinism; Chapter 148, Piebaldism; Chapter 149, Vitiligo. Spontaneous Animal Models of Human Disease. New York: Academic Press ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piebald

Albinism results from defective production of melanin from tyrosine through a complex pathway of metabolic reactions. ... Albinism consists of a group of inherited abnormalities of melanin synthesis and are typically characterized by a congenital ... Mutations of the P gene in oculocutaneous albinism, ocular albinism, and Prader-Willi syndrome plus albinism. N Engl J Med. ... encoded search term (Albinism) and Albinism What to Read Next on Medscape ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1200472-193104/what-is-the-role-of-medications-in-the-treatment-of-albinism

Oculocutaneous albinism is a group of conditions that affect coloring (pigmentation) of the skin, hair, and eyes. Explore ... Type 3 includes a form of albinism called rufous oculocutaneous albinism, which usually affects dark-skinned people. Affected ... Genetic Testing Registry: Oculocutaneous albinism type 4 *Genetic Testing Registry: Tyrosinase-negative oculocutaneous albinism ... Oculocutaneous albinism type 4 is one of the most common types of albinism in Japan. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Mar;74(3):466-71. doi ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/oculocutaneous-albinism

Albinism results from defective production of melanin from tyrosine through a complex pathway of metabolic reactions. ... Albinism consists of a group of inherited abnormalities of melanin synthesis and are typically characterized by a congenital ... Mutations of the P gene in oculocutaneous albinism, ocular albinism, and Prader-Willi syndrome plus albinism. N Engl J Med. ... These ocular changes are common to all types of albinism.. Classification of albinism. Traditionally, albinism has been ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1200472-overview

... to fight discrimination and misconceptions about the genetic condition in a country where more than 100 people with albinism ... to fight discrimination and misconceptions about the genetic condition in a country where more than 100 people with albinism ...

https://www.voanews.com/a/episode_malawi-musician-fight-myths-about-albinism-3937961/6103445.html

Albinism. An overview from the Medlineplus Medical Encyclopedia.. Albinism in Popular Culture. A fascinating look at albinism ... Albinism Resources Guide. Albinism refers to a group of inherited conditions that affect about one person in 17,000. The bodies ... National Organization for Albinism & Hypopigmentation (NOAH). NOAHs website provides information about albinism and NOAH ... International Albinism Center at the University of Minnesota. This site includes an excellent online booklet, glossary, and ...

https://www.disabilityresources.org/albinism.html

Albinism is a condition marked by reduced production of melanin, the pigment that provides color to the hair, skin, and eyes of ... Types of Albinism. There are two main types of albinism:. *Oculocutaneous (OCA): decreased pigment in the hair, skin, and eyes. ... X-linked ocular albinism refers to the location of the albinism gene, which is on the X chromosome. Women have two X ... X-linked ocular albinism is much more common in males and is passed on from women who have the gene but do not show symptoms to ...

https://www.news-medical.net/health/Albinism-Partial-Absence-of-Pigment-in-the-Skin.aspx

By using the Holt International website, you consent to our use of cookies. We use cookies to tailor our web experience to individual users and to provide relevant follow-up content online.. X ...

https://www.holtinternational.org/tag/albinism/

Learning about these can help you to better understand your loved one who has albinism. ... 5. They also want you to realize that albinism is not an illness.. According to Every Child Ministries (ECM), albinism is not a ... The eyes of a person with albinism may be red or pink, or they may be brown or blue. Some people with albinism have visual ... 4. They want you to know that people of all races can have albinism.. Albinism does not only affect families with light skin, ...

https://www.lifehack.org/articles/communication/11-things-remember-you-love-person-with-albinism.html

National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation. Where people with albinism and their families can find acceptance, ... Teens with Albinism… Do you have something to say, share, inspire or commiserate? Send us your submission! ... albinism.org with one or more pics (selfies are great!), and we will review them for publication (identified by first name ...

https://albinism.org/teenspotlight/

The WDP phenotype closely resembles human oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and clinicians noticed a seemingly high prevalence of ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0092127

Our oldest son has Albinism. I have been a part of the NOAH community ... Lighthouse Guild Tele-Support Network for Parents of Children with Albinism Welcome! My name is Megan Pitt. I am a NYS Licensed ... National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation. Where people with albinism and their families can find acceptance, ... Our oldest son has Albinism. I have been a part of the NOAH community for the past seven years. During that time, I have ...

https://www.albinism.org/lg-telesupport/

Children with albinism are not only subject to taunting at school, but are often beaten up if they accidentally touch anyone. ... Many children with albinism have become a part of our regular sponsorship projects, attending Saturday Bible Clubs and ... At ECM, we understand that children with albinism are valued and loved by God. Like EVERY CHILD, they are valued because they ... In extreme situations, the childrens safety is at risk, since in some areas the body parts of people with albinism are ...

https://ecmafrica.org/project/albinism-outreach

Now, as a parent to a young child without albinism, I have the opportunity to educate my son about albinism and visual ... Nancy, grandparent to a young toddler with albinism, shared, "It was wonderful to meet adults and children with albinism. It ... Keywords: albinism, National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation, NOAH, families, community, awareness ... For more information about albinism, or to get involved with NOAH, visit www.albinism.org. ...

https://www.tsbvi.edu/tx-senseabilities/issues/fall-2019/austin-all-stars-albinism-awareness-picnic

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https://positiveexposure.org/gallery_albums/albinism/

Models with Albinism Challenge Standards of Beauty in Photographs by Justin Dingwall. ...

https://www.thisiscolossal.com/2019/08/beauty-standards-and-albinism-by-justin-dingwall/emailpopup/

A surge in killings of people with albinism, whose body parts are used in ritual practices, has exposed a systematic failure of ... Women with albinism are called Machilitso (cure) – feeding into the belief that having sex with a person with albinism ... people with albinism are accepted,” said Boniface Massah, Director of the Association of People with Albinism in Malawi. ... People with albinism are being targeted for their body parts, due to the belief that the parts have magical powers that bring ...

https://www.amnestyusa.org/reports/malawi-killing-spree-of-people-with-albinism-fuelled-by-ritual-practices-and-policing-failures/

Tags: albinismMiss Albinism beauty pageantWhat children with albinism need to do before they are seven years ... What children with albinism need to do before they are seven years. All children with albinism should see an eye specialist ... Instead of having dark skin and black hair, people with albinism are blond with pale skin because of lack of pigment. Albinism ... has called for a more inclusive optical approach for learners with albinism. Due to lack of melanin, people with albinism are ...

https://samrack.com/what-children-with-albinism-need-to-do-before-they-are-seven-years/

Oxidation of dopa in human albinism. Carstam R, Hansson C, Krook G, Rorsman H, Rosengren E, Wirestrand LE.. DOI: 10.2340/ ...

https://www.medicaljournals.se/acta/content/abstract/10.2340/0001555565435437

Those with albinism have the same chances of good health and mental capacity as the general population with the condition ... While albino is the commonly known term, most with the condition prefer it to be called albinism - they are a person first and ... You may only ever meet one patient with albinism in your career and while your training may have covered low vision generally, ... With simple accomodations and the use of assistive technology, people with albinism can expect to live normal lives, be ...

https://albinismaustralia.org/for-health-professionals/

Download the citation for this article by clicking on one of the following citation managers:. ...

https://bjo.bmj.com/content/98/8/1135.1.citation-tools

Dale, A., Pirgozliev, S. and Kermasha, S. (2017). Heat before flowering decreases albinism in strawberries. Acta Hortic. 1156, ... to study the effect of heat on albinism fruit in cultivated strawberry plants, cold-stored plants of Seascape and Honeoye ...

https://www.ishs.org/ishs-article/1156_67

On International Albinism Awareness Day, lets listen to the voices of three Compassion children who live with albinism. ... "It looked strange to have a child with albinism. We have never had albinism before in the clan," says her single father, Peter ... Many children with albinism have low vision and are classified as legally blind. Due to a lack of pigment in their eyes, bright ... Albinism is rare genetic condition that reduces the amount of melanin formed in the skin, hair and eyes, and can create serious ...

https://www.compassion.ca/blog/5-things-children-with-albinism-want-you-to-know/

The Institute is the largest Croatian scientific research center of a multidisciplinary character

https://www.irb.hr/eng/Research/Projects/Evolution-of-Albinism-in-Cave-Adapted-Animals

My daughter, who was born with the gene for albinism positively shining in her hair, has inherited more of my aunt than I had ...

https://www.wonderbaby.org/articles/marys-story

People with albinism still face multiple forms of discrimination and abuse, according to the Albinism Society of South Africa ( ... So I think that we are still in a situation today where persons with albinism still face threats to their right to life, their ... People with albinism still face discrimination, abuse: ASSA. 13 June 2019, 7:01 PM , ... Thursday is International Albinism Awareness Day and an event was held at Nasrec outside Soweto. ...

https://www.sabcnews.com/sabcnews/people-with-albinism-still-face-discrimination-abuse-assa/

A nonsense mutation in the tyrosinase gene of Afghan patients with tyrosinase negative (type IA) oculocutaneous albinism. ... A nonsense mutation in the tyrosinase gene of Afghan patients with tyrosinase negative (type IA) oculocutaneous albinism. ... A nonsense mutation in the tyrosinase gene of Afghan patients with tyrosinase negative (type IA) oculocutaneous albinism. ...

https://jmg.bmj.com/content/28/7/464.share

In people with albinism (PWA), the deficiency of melanin increase the risk of skin cancers. The aim of this study was to ... Albinism is a genetic condition affecting approximately 1/17,000 people worldwide [2]. In sub-Saharan Africa, it affects about ... Background: In people with albinism (PWA), the deficiency of melanin increase the risk of skin cancers. The aim of this study ... Sengupta M, Sarkar D, Mondal M, Samanta S, Sil A, Ray K. Analysis of MC1R variants in Indian oculocutaneous albinism patients: ...

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-25729/v3

We at Glade pride ourselves on delivering Global Learning and Development Education to the worldwide community.. If you would like to support us then please make a donation.. ...

https://glade.org/events/tags/international-albinism-day/

We officially launched the Climb for Albinism in Nairobi, Kenya. Kilimanjaro awaits! ...

https://findinglife.ca/update/climb-for-albinism-press-conference-2/

Often, parents stay home to protect their children with albinism. As a result, families of persons with albinism, often already ... Persons with albinism in Malawi are being attacked, abducted and killed. The graves of the deceased are also robbed. As a ... I visited Malawi in April this year at the request of the government to assess the situation of persons with albinism in the ... Strategies to uphold the human rights of persons with albinism must be firmly grounded in international human rights law. This ...

https://mwnation.com/reflections-on-albinism-awareness-day/

Temperature sensitive oculocutaneous albinism associated with missense changes in the tyrosinase gene. (medscape.com)
The tyrosinase-positive oculocutaneous albinism locus maps to chromosome 15q11.2-q12. (medscape.com)
Nitisinone improves eye and skin pigmentation defects in a mouse model of oculocutaneous albinism. (medscape.com)
Informed reasoning: repositioning of nitisinone to treat oculocutaneous albinism. (medscape.com)
Tyrosinase gene mutations associated with type IB ("yellow") oculocutaneous albinism. (medscape.com)
Tyrosinase gene mutations in oculocutaneous albinism 1 (OCA1): definition of the phenotype. (medscape.com)
Oculocutaneous albinism is a group of conditions that affect coloring (pigmentation) of the skin, hair, and eyes. (medlineplus.gov)
Researchers have identified multiple types of oculocutaneous albinism, which are distinguished by their specific skin, hair, and eye color changes and by their genetic cause. (medlineplus.gov)
Oculocutaneous albinism type 1 is characterized by white hair, very pale skin, and light-colored irises. (medlineplus.gov)
Type 3 includes a form of albinism called rufous oculocutaneous albinism, which usually affects dark-skinned people. (medlineplus.gov)
Type 3 is often associated with milder vision abnormalities than the other forms of oculocutaneous albinism. (medlineplus.gov)
Overall, an estimated 1 in 20,000 people worldwide are born with oculocutaneous albinism. (medlineplus.gov)
Type 3, specifically rufous oculocutaneous albinism, has been described primarily in people from southern Africa. (medlineplus.gov)
Oculocutaneous albinism can result from variants (also known as mutations) in several genes, including TYR , OCA2 , TYRP1 , and SLC45A2 . (medlineplus.gov)
A lack of melanin in the retina leads to the vision problems characteristic of oculocutaneous albinism. (medlineplus.gov)
Alterations in the MC1R gene can change the appearance of people with oculocutaneous albinism type 2. (medlineplus.gov)
Some individuals with oculocutaneous albinism do not have variants in any of the known genes. (medlineplus.gov)
The mouse p (pink-eyed dilution) and human P genes, oculocutaneous albinism type 2 (OCA2), and melanosomal pH. (medlineplus.gov)
Gronskov K, Ek J, Brondum-Nielsen K. Oculocutaneous albinism. (medlineplus.gov)
Traditionally, albinism has been classified according to clinical phenotype, and the 2 main categories are oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and ocular albinism (OA). (medscape.com)
A nonsense mutation in the tyrosinase gene of Afghan patients with tyrosinase negative (type IA) oculocutaneous albinism. (bmj.com)
Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome (HPS) is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding diathesis, granulomatous colitis, and highly penetrant pulmonary fibrosis in some subtypes. (muni.cz)
There are two forms of albinism: the Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) and Ocular albinism. (thebrightesthub.com)
Oculocutaneous albinism is the most common form of albinism with symptoms affecting the skin, eyes, and hair. (thebrightesthub.com)
Photophobia is less severe than in other types of oculocutaneous albinism, possibly because the vast majority of individuals (86%) have some pigmentation in the fundus. (arizona.edu)
However, the hair is often copper-red in color which has given rise to the designation rufous oculocutaneous albinism. (arizona.edu)
This tyrosinase-positive type of albinism is sometimes called 'rufous' (ROCA) or 'brown' (BOCA) oculocutaneous albinism and is frequently found in dark-skinned individual such as Africans, African-Americans, and Hispanics. (arizona.edu)
Manga P, Kromberg JG, Box NF, Sturm RA, Jenkins T, Ramsay M. Rufous oculocutaneous albinism in southern African Blacks is caused by mutations in the TYRP1 gene . (arizona.edu)
INTRODUCTION - Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of rare genetic disorders of melanin biosynthesis inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern [ 1 ]. (medilib.ir)
Oculocutaneous albinism type 2 (OCA2) is the most common type of albinism worldwide, due to its high prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa, where prevalence ranges from as low as 1 in 15,000 in Nigeria to as high as 1 in 1000 in selected Zimbabwean populations [ 12,14,15 ]. (medilib.ir)
Oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1) has an overall prevalence of approximately 1 in 40,000 but is extremely uncommon in Africa and more common among African-Americans [ 19 ]. (medilib.ir)
Oculocutaneous albinism type 3 (OCA3) occurs in approximately 1 in 8500 African individuals [ 20 ]. (medilib.ir)
Oculocutaneous albinism type 4 (OCA4), first described in a Turkish individual, occurs in 5 to 8 percent of German and in 18 to 30 percent of Japanese individuals with albinism [ 21-24 ]. (medilib.ir)
Oculocutaneous albinism type 5 (OCA5) has been reported in a Pakistani family, oculocutaneous albinism type 6 (OCA6) has been described in a Chinese cohort, and oculocutaneous albinism type 7 (OCA7) has been described in a family from the Faroe Islands and in a Lithuanian individual [ 27-29 ]. (medilib.ir)
Oculocutaneous albinism type 8 (OCA8) has been described in a French girl and a North African woman [ 30 ]. (medilib.ir)
Eight nonsyndromic types of albinism, numbered as oculocutaneous albinism type 1 (OCA1) to oculocutaneous albinism type 8 (OCA8), have been recognized ( table 1 ) [ 31 ]. (medilib.ir)
Certain genetic changes in the MC1R gene modify the appearance of people with oculocutaneous albinism type 2. (medlineplus.gov)
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hypo-pigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes. (biomedcentral.com)
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is an autosomal recessive disorder that occurs due to deficiency of melanin biosynthesis resulting in generalized hypo-pigmentation of skin, eyes, and hair [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
This article provides a historical background on oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) in southern Africa and presents relevant information from the literature regarding epidemiology , genetics and genetic counselling, health , psychosocial and cultural issues, and medical care . (bvsalud.org)
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, which results in oculocutaneous albinism, bleeding disorders, and storage of abnormal fat protein compound (liposomal accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin). (jacpjournal.org)
Among the causes of aut ism, there are associations with genetic and congenital conditions such as: lactic acidosis, oculocutaneous albinism, change in purines, hearing impairments, progressive muscular dystrophy, tuberous sclerosis and phenylketonuria. (bvsalud.org)

According to Mashawna, who blogs at Parent of a Child With Albinism , "It really bothers me when people just stare, which happens A LOT. (lifehack.org)
Through the Lighthouse Guild, I will be restarting the FREE Tele Support Group this month for parents that have a child with Albinism. (albinism.org)
This group is designed to give support to parents or caregivers whom have a child with albinism. (albinism.org)
This group meets the third Thursday of the month via ZOOM to explore and process feelings around parenting a child with Albinism. (albinism.org)
I also love when my mom can attend with me because I enjoy seeing her interact with families while talking about the way she approached raising a child with albinism. (tsbvi.edu)
We need to ensure that prescription glasses and reading devices are provided for each child with albinism," said Mwaura in an interview. (samrack.com)
It looked strange to have a child with albinism. (compassion.ca)

On International Albinism Awareness Day, let's listen to the voices of three Compassion children who live with albinism. (compassion.ca)
To highlight International Albinism Awareness Day on June 13, here are five things Selinah, Grace and Yona want you to know. (compassion.ca)
Thursday is International Albinism Awareness Day and an event was held at Nasrec outside Soweto. (sabcnews.com)
The International Albinism Awareness Day is celebrated annually on June 13 to celebrate the human rights of persons with albinism worldwide. (times.mw)
As we are commemorating International Albinism Awareness Day on the theme 'Made to Shine', it should be a wake- up call to Malawians, what are we doing to bring out the light? (times.mw)
13th June is International Albinism Awareness Day - Please lend your Support for ACO! (dogoodfilms.org)

People with albinism still face multiple forms of discrimination and abuse, according to the Albinism Society of South Africa (ASSA). (sabcnews.com)
Cruz-Inigo AE, Ladizinski B, Sethi A. Albinism in Africa: stigma, slaughter and awareness campaigns. (uchicago.edu)
Is a non-profit making Trust seeking to improve the lives of disadvantaged people living with albinism in Africa, with particular emphasis on the provision of sunscreen lotions or sun blocks to marginalised people living with albinism. (albinismafrica.org)
Struggle to protect East Africans living with albinism against culture of … In East Africa, ritual magic, witchcraft and superstition play a large part in the everyday life of many people. (pigmentdisorders.com)
People with albinism around the world face multiple forms of discrimination and marginalisation, and this is particularly rampant in East Africa. (dogoodfilms.org)
In southern Africa albinism is common, about 1 in 4000 people are affected, but it remains a poorly understood condition surrounded by myths and superstition . (bvsalud.org)
Lazarus is a rising artist from Malawi who's fighting for social change for people with albinism in his country, and across Africa. (okayafrica.com)

According to an informational bulletin published by the National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH), the use of the term "albino" is offensive to some people with albanism. (lifehack.org)
This article describes an event hosted by the author to bring those in the albinism community together on behalf of NOAH, the National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation. (tsbvi.edu)
For the last 14 years, the National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH) has rallied its members to participate in an annual fundraising event. (tsbvi.edu)

Albinism consists of a group of inherited abnormalities of melanin synthesis and are typically characterized by a congenital reduction or absence of melanin pigment. (medscape.com)
The bodies of people with albinism do not produce the usual amounts of a pigment known as malanin, regardless of their race or ethnicity. (disabilityresources.org)
As a result, individuals with albinism have little or no pigment in their eyes, skin, or hair. (disabilityresources.org)
Albinism is a condition marked by reduced production of melanin, the pigment that provides color to the hair, skin, and eyes of an individual. (news-medical.net)
Ocular albinism: decreased pigment primarily in the eyes, with minimal change to the hair and skin color. (news-medical.net)
The production of pigment and vision development of an individual with albinism cannot be cured. (news-medical.net)
Retrieved on November 28, 2022 from https://www.news-medical.net/health/Albinism-Partial-Absence-of-Pigment-in-the-Skin.aspx. (news-medical.net)
Albinism is a rare, genetic disorder that impacts the body's ability to produce pigment. (tsbvi.edu)
Early eye care "About 95 per cent of persons with albinism have vision problems caused by lack of melanin pigment in their eye. (samrack.com)
Albinism is a genetic condition characterised by lack of a pigment called melanin in the skin, hair, and eye. (samrack.com)
Instead of having dark skin and black hair, people with albinism are blond with pale skin because of lack of pigment. (samrack.com)
Albinism is a genetic disorder which causes the afflicted to lack pigment in their appearance. (stonerdays.com)

CLASSIFICATION AND TERMINOLOGY - The classification of albinism by causative gene is preferred over older terms such as "partial" or "complete" albinism, "perfect" or "imperfect" albinism, "tyrosinase-positive" or "tyrosinase-negative" albinism, and "yellow mutant" or "rufous" albinism. (medilib.ir)

OCA1 and OCA2 are the most common types of albinism in the United States. (medilib.ir)
Among Chinese individuals with albinism, approximately 70 percent have OCA1, 10 percent have OCA2, 13 percent have OCA4, and 2 percent have Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome type 1 (HPS1) [ 25 ]. (medilib.ir)
This form of albinism, which is caused by mutations in the OCA2 gene, is characterized by fair hair, light-colored eyes, creamy white skin, and vision problems. (medlineplus.gov)

Statistically, about 1 in 17,000 people suffer from some form of albinism. (thebrightesthub.com)

The ophthalmologist plays an important role in detecting albinism because most forms of albinism present with ocular features as the primary morbidity. (medscape.com)
Seeing as how most natural forms of albinism result in early death (forgetting the seedlings, albino deer do not last long in nature, as their lack of camouflage prevents them from being able to hide from predators. (stonerdays.com)

Positive angle kappa: a sign of albinism in patients with congenital nystagmus. (medscape.com)
Albinism or medically known as congenital hypopigmentary disorder is a genetic disease that affects people from all races. (thebrightesthub.com)

Persons with albinism in Malawi are being attacked, abducted and killed. (mwnation.com)
The premiere also featured live discussion with Tumeliwa Mphepo, a human rights activist, person living with albinism and member of Association of Persons with Albinism in Malawi (Apam), who shared her experiences as a person living with albinism and her work as an activist. (times.mw)

In extreme situations, the children's safety is at risk, since in some areas the body parts of people with albinism are considered to have "magical" powers. (ecmafrica.org)
Body parts of people with albinism are seen as magical, their limbs used in witchcraft for good luck, wealth, or to win elections. (ritualkillinginafrica.org)

As albinism is an inherited condition, it is important that affected individuals and their families receive adequate information about the genetics of the disorder for future family planning. (news-medical.net)
Ocular albinism is an X-linked genetic disorder, meaning the defective gene (GPR143 gene) is located in the X chromosome. (thebrightesthub.com)

Anabelle, Kathi, and Areya at the 2019 Austin All-Stars Albinism Awareness Picnic. (tsbvi.edu)

Dr Choksey cited nystagmus, a condition where the eye has rapid involuntary back-and-forth movements, common in persons with albinism. (samrack.com)
Some of the eye conditions that affect persons with albinism include nystagmus and the fear of light, known as photophobia, which make it difficult to locate objects especially in a cluttered environment," said Mr Mwaura, who is also the national coordinator of the Albinism Society of Kenya. (samrack.com)

Even the dead are not left in peace with the Malawi Police Service recording at least 39 cases of illegal exhumation of the bodies of people with albinism or of people in possession of bones and other body parts taken from corpses. (amnestyusa.org)

NOAH's website provides information about albinism and NOAH through a series of interactive "WebBoards" and a collection of fact sheets about a wide variety of topics of interest to people with albinism. (disabilityresources.org)
According to NOAH, albinism is not considered a disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act, because it does not always cause significant limitations in the activities of people who have it. (lifehack.org)
NOAH states that people with albinism are a unique group and often do feel isolated from people who do not have albinism. (lifehack.org)
Albinism does not only affect families with light skin, according to NOAH. (lifehack.org)
Members across the country organized Bowl-A-Thons raising money and awareness to help NOAH with its mission to provide accurate information about living with albinism and offer a place where people with albinism and their families can find acceptance, support, and fellowship. (tsbvi.edu)
For more information about albinism, or to get involved with NOAH, visit www.albinism.org . (tsbvi.edu)

Sepúlveda-Vázquez HE, Villanueva-Mendoza C, Zenteno JC, Villegas-Ruiz V, Pelcastre-Luna E, García-Aguirre G. Macular optical coherence tomography findings and GPR143 mutations in patients with ocular albinism. (medscape.com)
The phenotypic heterogeneity of albinism is due to the different gene mutations affecting various points along the melanin pathway, resulting in varying degrees of decreased melanin production. (medscape.com)

The film highlights the plight of a young girl living with albinism and an imagined future worst case scenario where people living with albinism live in fear and are forced to live in isolation and afraid to go out without protection. (times.mw)
You will also notice that the film highlights the number of cases over the years in Malawi of killings and abductions of people living with albinism," she said. (times.mw)
Sunscreens are a NECESSITY for people living with albinism. (albinismafrica.org)
This ruling enhances our faith in the judiciary and solidifies our belief that we have them as an advocate in our fight to curb killings and abductions against people with albinism," Ian Simbota, the head of the Association of People Living with Albinism, said after the ruling. (ritualkillinginafrica.org)

As shown in Table 2, two major disorders exist in this category, ocular albinism 1 (OA 1) and autosomal recessive ocular albinism (AROA). (medscape.com)

BLANTYRE, Aug 14 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Three people have been sentenced to death in Malawi for the murder and mutilation of a person with albinism, a court official confirmed on Wednesday, a sanction the judge said would serve as a strong deterrent. (ritualkillinginafrica.org)

In the early to late 2000s, a wave of ritual killings and amputations of people with albinism-especially children-spread in Tanzania. (compassion.ca)
Yona lives in Tanzania, which has the highest number of people with albinism in the world. (compassion.ca)
An example is the east African country Tanzania which has an estimated 200,000 people with albinism. (thebrightesthub.com)
From 2007 to 2010, Tanzania saw record numbers of killings and attacks against persons with albinism. (pigmentdisorders.com)
Watched a thoroughly depressing episode of 20/20: Albinism and the growing trend in Tanzania of killing albinos for body parts to be used by witch doctors in concoctions for power and long life. (wordpress.com)
Kondowe urged the courts to take a similarly tough stance with other pending cases, adding that the murders of people with albinism had fallen in Tanzania, which has imposed the death penalty in similar cases. (ritualkillinginafrica.org)
Our Winter 2023 issue features an array of stories that highlight hope, including an article about people with albinism in Tanzania and a reflection from the U.S./Mexico border. (maryknollmagazine.org)

A surge in killings of people with albinism, whose body parts are used in ritual practices, has exposed asystematic failure of policing in Malawi and left this vulnerable group living in fear, Amnesty International reveals in a new report published today. (amnestyusa.org)
There has been a steep upsurge in killings and abductions of people with albinism since November 2014. (amnestyusa.org)
Women and children with albinism are particularly vulnerable to killings, sometimes targeted by their own close relatives. (amnestyusa.org)
What struck me the most during the production of the film is the fact that we had to use an actor with a makeup because the situation in Malawi at the time was so dire that no-one could trust a call for a child living with albinism for the film because of the prevalence of abductions and killings," she said. (times.mw)

She estimates that three of every 10 patients with albinism that she sees have shortsightedness while the rest have other vision problem. (samrack.com)
Quantification and comparison of psychiatric distress in African patients with albinism and vitiligo: A 5-year prospective study. (bvsalud.org)

It can affect individuals from any racial background and, in most cases, the parents of the individual with albinism do not have physical signs of the condition. (news-medical.net)
An individual with albinism is commonly called "albino. (thebrightesthub.com)

Discrimination against individuals with albinism is more prominent in some parts of the world [ 3-8 ]. (medilib.ir)

Albinism results from defective production of melanin from tyrosine through a complex pathway of metabolic reactions. (medscape.com)

In Malawi, a young albino man is using music to fight discrimination and misconceptions about the genetic condition in a country where more than 100 people with albinism have been attacked since 2014. (voanews.com)
Albinism is rare genetic condition that reduces the amount of melanin formed in the skin, hair and eyes, and can create serious health and social challenges. (compassion.ca)
Albinism is a genetic condition affecting approximately 1/17,000 people worldwide [2]. (researchsquare.com)

The intraocular implant is used to treat or alleviate cases of heterochromia, ocular albinism, and other iris-related abnormalities by protecting the eyes from the harmful effects of sunlight in patients who suffer from high levels of photosensitivity. (pigmentdisorders.com)
In 1947, Klein reported a case of a 10-year-old girl with deafmutism, partial albinism of the skin and hair, hypochromia iridis, blepharophimosis with hypertelorism and absence of the nasofrontal angle, hypertrichosis of the eyebrows, and multiple associated abnormalities (myo-osteo-articulare dysplasia). (medscape.com)

are working tirelessly to break the cycle of stigma by educating communities and people with albinism about how to protect themselves (mentally, physically and socially). (dogoodfilms.org)

BrightOcular is the only intraocular implant invented in the United States that can be used to permanently cover up iris defects such as coloboma, aniridia, ocular albinism, and eye trauma. (pigmentdisorders.com)
Raval V, Rao S, Das T. Ocular albinism with bilateral ocular coloboma - A rare association. (who.int)

Albinism: classification, clinical characteristics, and recent findings. (medscape.com)
With the availability of new molecular genetic studies, the classification of albinism has shifted emphasis to genotype as opposed to phenotype alone. (medscape.com)
The following is a brief overview of the current classification of albinism. (medscape.com)

As well as extreme forms of violence, the report also finds that people with albinism in Malawi experience widespread societal discrimination including verbal abuse and exclusion from accessing basic public services. (amnestyusa.org)
Despite progress, young people with albinism still face discrimination. (compassion.ca)

Albinism refers to a group of inherited conditions that affect about one person in 17,000. (disabilityresources.org)

According to Dr Choksey, some of the other issues that persons with albinism have to deal with include photo-phobia, decreased visual acuity, extreme sun sensitivity, and skin cancer. (samrack.com)
Its deficiency in people with albinism (PWA) makes them at-risk to the harmful effects of radiation, namely photophobia, impaired visual acuity and skin cancers. (researchsquare.com)

Albinism is not a common condition and affects approximately 1 in 17,000 people. (news-medical.net)

There is also no systematic documentation of crimes against people with albinism in Malawi. (amnestyusa.org)
said Boniface Massah, Director of the Association of People with Albinism in Malawi. (amnestyusa.org)
I visited Malawi in April this year at the request of the government to assess the situation of persons with albinism in the country. (mwnation.com)
The recent declaration of the President of the Traditional Healers Association of Malawi condemning attacks of persons with albinism is also encouraging. (mwnation.com)
Another man was sentenced to death in Malawi in May for murdering a teenager with albinism - the first time the death penalty had been handed down in such a case - though he has not been executed. (ritualkillinginafrica.org)
Two men and a woman have been sentenced to death in Malawi after being convicted of brutally murdering a man with albinism in 2015. (ritualkillinginafrica.org)

nbsp;exposes how the wave of violent attacks against people with albinism have increased sharply over the last two years, with four people, including a baby, murdered in April 2016 alone. (amnestyusa.org)
The bloodiest month recorded by Amnesty International was April 2016 when four people with albinism were murdered. (amnestyusa.org)

X-linked ocular albinism refers to the location of the albinism gene, which is on the X chromosome. (news-medical.net)
X-linked ocular albinism is much more common in males and is passed on from women who have the gene but do not show symptoms to the son who only has one X-chromosome. (news-medical.net)
A male automatically develop ocular albinism once he inherits an X chromosome with the defective gene. (thebrightesthub.com)

The clinical features of albinism and their correlation with visual evoked potentials. (medscape.com)
Clinical features of affected males with X linked ocular albinism. (medscape.com)

Hammerschlag, in 1907, and Urbantschitsch, in 1910, both mentioned heterochromia iridium and partial albinism as occurring as complications of deafmutism. (medscape.com)

Due to lack of melanin, people with albinism are more likely to suffer the effects of direct exposure to ultraviolet radiation on their eyes and skin. (samrack.com)
Very rare red and "violet" eyes (typical in albinism, as pictured above) come from a total lack of melanin in all layers of the iris, so the color is a combination of Tyndall scattering and the blood vessels being more visible. (broadwayvision.com)

Unfortunately, Mashawna's family's experiences are common, and albinism is at least as misunderstood as ADD, and loving a person with this condition does require you to understand the challenges that they face due to their albinism. (lifehack.org)
United Nations (UN) Commissioner for Human Rights, Abigail Noko, says albinism remains misunderstood and there are many myths. (sabcnews.com)

Many people are unfamiliar with the term "albinism," but nearly everyone has heard of "albinos. (lifehack.org)
A review by Nalini Haynes Joey is a Caucasian girl living in a world where albinos (never 'persons with albinism') rule. (darkmatterzine.com)

The lack of pigmentation in the skin also increases the risk of sunburn and skin cancer in people with albinism. (news-medical.net)
While Lyra, who is now a thriving 9-year-old, has some physical challenges due to her condition - she has poor eyesight, light sensitivity, and sensitive skin - the greatest obstacle that this family has faced has been the plethora of misunderstandings that people have about albinism. (lifehack.org)
Those with albinism have the same chances of good health and mental capacity as the general population with the condition permanently affecting vision, while most also have sun sensitive skin. (albinismaustralia.org)
In people with albinism (PWA), the deficiency of melanin increase the risk of skin cancers. (researchsquare.com)
Help us by registering the details of the beneficiary and or by spreading the word so we can help curb skin cancer in people with albinism by distributing locally manufactured Kivuli sunscreens. (albinismafrica.org)
Every individual is born with some color to the body, skin, and hair and eyes unless they are a victim of albinism. (pigmentdisorders.com)
Babies born with albinism may have little or no pigmentation in their hair, skin, and eyes. (healthline.com)
Albinism comes with multiple problems for human sufferers, including the loss of eyesight and a higher risk of skin cancer as well as extreme sensitivity to light. (stonerdays.com)
Albinism is an inherited condition associated with significant depigmentation of the skin , hair and eyes . (bvsalud.org)
The physical characteristics associated with albinism , that is, sun -sensitive skin and low vision , can be managed. (bvsalud.org)
The southern African country is home to up to 10,000 people with albinism, a lack of pigmentation in the skin, hair and eyes. (ritualkillinginafrica.org)

According to an article on Vis-Ability Stories , many people with albinism are embracing the word "albino" as a source of pride and identity. (lifehack.org)
While albino is the commonly known term, most with the condition prefer it to be called albinism - they are a person first and albinism is only a small part of them. (albinismaustralia.org)

Albinism is passed on via a gene mutation from parents to children. (news-medical.net)
They offer a free, professionally facilitated tele-support group designed specifically for parents of children of all ages with albinism. (albinism.org)
In many African countries, children with albinism are often considered to be cursed. (ecmafrica.org)
At ECM, we understand that children with albinism are valued and loved by God. (ecmafrica.org)
Parents, especially fathers, often desert their families when children with albinism are born, or later, when they face ridicule by the community. (ecmafrica.org)
Children with albinism are not only subject to taunting at school, but are often beaten up if they accidentally touch anyone. (ecmafrica.org)
ECM workers have even found that some children with albinism are hidden indoors and denied interaction with others because of the ridicule the family faces. (ecmafrica.org)
Many children with albinism have become a part of our regular sponsorship projects, attending Saturday Bible Clubs and participating in events. (ecmafrica.org)
Watching children with albinism light up as they realize there are other kids "just like them" in the world is magical. (tsbvi.edu)
Nancy, grandparent to a young toddler with albinism, shared, "It was wonderful to meet adults and children with albinism. (tsbvi.edu)
One woman told Amnesty International: "Most people who attack [people with albinism] are close relatives…I met one mother in Chitipa who was hiding her children out of fear. (amnestyusa.org)
All children with albinism should see an eye specialist before they are seven years to improve their social and academic interactions. (samrack.com)
Nominated legislator Isaac Mwaura hailed the proposal to give more specialised eye treatment to children with albinism, adding that this would help to improve their attendance and performance in academics. (samrack.com)
We recognise that working with children or adults with a rare condition like albinism can be challenging. (albinismaustralia.org)
Three of the five children in her family have albinism. (compassion.ca)
In Selinah's family, three of the five children have albinism. (compassion.ca)
As a result of this harsh context, children drop out of school to remain under the protection of their parents, many persons with albinism restrict their movement to the bare minimum, and are, therefore, unable to attend to their crops or go to the market. (mwnation.com)
Often, parents stay home to protect their children with albinism. (mwnation.com)
Though some children are born with very light blonde hair, children with albinism will typically have white eyelashes and eyebrows. (healthline.com)

EPIDEMIOLOGY - The overall prevalence of albinism in the Western world is estimated to be 1 in 17,000 to 1 in 20,000, with ample variations across ethnic groups and geographic regions. (medilib.ir)

Schiaffino MV, Tacchetti C. The ocular albinism type 1 (OA1) protein and the evidence for an intracellular signal transduction system involved in melanosome biogenesis. (medscape.com)
Statistics for OCA type 2 albinism shows that there is 1 affected individual per 15,000 people. (thebrightesthub.com)
An individual with this type of albinism lacks pigmentation in the irises and has vision problems. (thebrightesthub.com)

Anatomy8

Organisms2

Diseases19

Chemicals and Drugs11

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes9

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Health Care1

Geographicals3

Giant eyes in Xenopus laevis by overexpression of XOptx2. (1/186)

Induction of melanoma in TPras transgenic mice. (2/186)

Genetic disorders of vision revealed by a behavioral screen of 400 essential loci in zebrafish. (3/186)

Extrinsic modulation of retinal ganglion cell projections: analysis of the albino mutation in pigmentation mosaic mice. (4/186)

Genetically determined protein polymorphism in the rabbit nervous system. (5/186)

arg-cys substitution at codon 1246 of the human myosin Va gene is not associated with Griscelli syndrome. (6/186)

X mapping in man: evidence against direct measurable linkage between ocular albinism and deutan colour blindness. (7/186)

Bile mediates intestinal pathology in endotoxemia in rats. (8/186)

Albinism

Albinism, Oculocutaneous

Monophenol Monooxygenase

Hermanski-Pudlak Syndrome

Nystagmus, Pathologic

Hypopigmentation

Folklore

Melanosomes

Nystagmus, Congenital

Eye Color

Melanocytes

Pigmentation

Piebaldism

Melanins

Pigmentation Disorders

Evoked Potentials, Visual

Chediak-Higashi Syndrome

Skin Pigmentation

Membrane Transport Proteins

Photophobia

Electronystagmography

Pontederiaceae

Eye Proteins

Genetic Diseases, X-Linked

Characidae

Social Alienation

Catechol Oxidase

Pedigree

Caves

Chondrodysplasia Punctata

Mutation

Hair Color

Optic Chiasm

Fovea Centralis

Membrane Glycoproteins

Platelet Storage Pool Deficiency

Pigment Epithelium of Eye

Guinea

Visual Acuity

Ichthyosis

Kallmann Syndrome

Fundus Oculi

Prader-Willi Syndrome

Puerto Rico

Receptor, Melanocortin, Type 1

Melanophores

Sunscreening Agents

Genes, Recessive

Zimbabwe

Oxidoreductases

Adaptor Protein Complex beta Subunits

Sunburn

Hemorrhagic Disorders

Iris Diseases

Ceroid

Visual Pathways

Giant eyes in Xenopus laevis by overexpression of XOptx2. (1/186)

Induction of melanoma in TPras transgenic mice. (2/186)

Genetic disorders of vision revealed by a behavioral screen of 400 essential loci in zebrafish. (3/186)

Extrinsic modulation of retinal ganglion cell projections: analysis of the albino mutation in pigmentation mosaic mice. (4/186)

Genetically determined protein polymorphism in the rabbit nervous system. (5/186)

arg-cys substitution at codon 1246 of the human myosin Va gene is not associated with Griscelli syndrome. (6/186)

X mapping in man: evidence against direct measurable linkage between ocular albinism and deutan colour blindness. (7/186)

Bile mediates intestinal pathology in endotoxemia in rats. (8/186)

Extremely brief light-preconditioning in pigmented mouse model of light-induced retinal degeneration (LIRD) | IOVS | ARVO...

Animals with albinism - definition of Animals with albinism by The Free Dictionary

Albinism - Wikipedia

Organization Info | The Albinism Alliance Group

Get Involved Through Albinism InSight Magazine - NOAH - Albinism

Course of Sodium Iodate-Induced Retinal Degeneration in Albino and Pigmented Mice | IOVS | ARVO Journals

Albinism, ocular | Article about Albinism, ocular by The Free Dictionary

Albinism Insight | National Organization for Albinism and Hypopigmentation

Albinism in children - What Doctors Want You to Know

Can albinism be treated through breast feeding?

Albinism in Animals | HowStuffWorks

Albinism Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes

Albinism Essay Research Paper AlbinismIn the past

Albinism Facts and Fiction

Albinism by Lindsey Sieja on Prezi

Albinism