OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth Care
Alanine RacemaseRacemases and EpimerasesAlanineAmino Acid IsomerasesCycloserineAlanine DehydrogenaseAminoethylphosphonic AcidGeobacillus stearothermophilusBurkholderia malleiStereoisomerismPyridoxal PhosphateIsomerasesBacillus anthracisMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequencePeriodic AcidFrankiaAlnusMyricaGenome, BacterialAuthorshipKnowledge BasesChromatography, Thin LayerSolventsCobaltBacillaceaeGeobacillusSerine C-PalmitoyltransferaseCeramidesModels, MolecularProtein ConformationArchivesBiological Science DisciplinesPeriodicals as TopicPubMedDirectories as TopicPublishingMarkov ChainsDatabases, ProteinMycobacterium tuberculosisTuberculosisTuberculosis, PulmonaryMycobacteriumMycobacterium bovisEnterococcus faecalisEnterococcusEnterococcus faeciumAcetoinAcinetobacter baumanniiCrystallography, X-RayAcinetobacter Infections
Alanine Racemase
A pyridoxal-phosphate protein that reversibly catalyzes the conversion of L-alanine to D-alanine. EC 5.1.1.1.
Racemases and Epimerases
Enzymes that catalyze inversion of the configuration around an asymmetric carbon in a substrate having one (racemase) or more (epimerase) center(s) of asymmetry. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 5.1.
Alanine
A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Amino Acid Isomerases
Enzymes that catalyze either the racemization or epimerization of chiral centers within amino acids or derivatives. EC 5.1.1.
Cycloserine
Antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces garyphalus.
Alanine Dehydrogenase
An NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible DEAMINATION of L-ALANINE to PYRUVATE and AMMONIA. The enzyme is needed for growth when ALANINE is the sole CARBON or NITROGEN source. It may also play a role in CELL WALL synthesis because L-ALANINE is an important constituent of the PEPTIDOGLYCAN layer.
Aminoethylphosphonic Acid
An organophosphorus compound isolated from human and animal tissues.
Geobacillus stearothermophilus
A species of GRAM-POSITIVE ENDOSPORE-FORMING BACTERIA in the family BACILLACEAE, found in soil, hot springs, Arctic waters, ocean sediments, and spoiled food products.
Burkholderia mallei
A species of gram-negative bacteria parasitic on HORSES and DONKEYS causing GLANDERS, which can be transmitted to humans.
Stereoisomerism
The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Pyridoxal Phosphate
This is the active form of VITAMIN B 6 serving as a coenzyme for synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine), sphingolipids, aminolevulinic acid. During transamination of amino acids, pyridoxal phosphate is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate (PYRIDOXAMINE).
Isomerases
A class of enzymes that catalyze geometric or structural changes within a molecule to form a single product. The reactions do not involve a net change in the concentrations of compounds other than the substrate and the product.(from Dorland, 28th ed) EC 5.
Bacillus anthracis
A species of bacteria that causes ANTHRAX in humans and animals.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Periodic Acid
A strong oxidizing agent.
Frankia
Genus of BACTERIA in the family Frankiaceae. They are nitrogen-fixing root-nodule symbionts of many species of woody dicotyledonous plants.
Alnus
A plant genus of the family BETULACEAE that is distinguished from birch (BETULA) by its usually stalked winter buds and by cones that remain on the branches after the small, winged nutlets are released.
Myrica
A plant genus of the family MYRICACEAE. Members contain myricanol. The common name of bayberry is similar to the name barberry which is used for BERBERIS and MAHONIA.
Genome, Bacterial
The genetic complement of a BACTERIA as represented in its DNA.
Authorship
The profession of writing. Also the identity of the writer as the creator of a literary production.
Knowledge Bases
Collections of facts, assumptions, beliefs, and heuristics that are used in combination with databases to achieve desired results, such as a diagnosis, an interpretation, or a solution to a problem (From McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed).
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Solvents
Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Cobalt
A trace element that is a component of vitamin B12. It has the atomic symbol Co, atomic number 27, and atomic weight 58.93. It is used in nuclear weapons, alloys, and pigments. Deficiency in animals leads to anemia; its excess in humans can lead to erythrocytosis.
Bacillaceae
A family of bacteria which produce endospores. They are mostly saprophytes from soil, but a few are insect or animal parasites or pathogens.
Geobacillus
A genus of gram-positive, endospore-forming, thermophilic bacteria in the family BACILLACEAE.
Serine C-Palmitoyltransferase
A key enzyme in SPHINGOLIPIDS biosynthesis, this enzyme catalyzes the pyridoxal-5'-phosphate-dependent condensation of L-SERINE and PALMITOYL COENZYME A to 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine. The enzyme consists of two different subunits.
Ceramides
Members of the class of neutral glycosphingolipids. They are the basic units of SPHINGOLIPIDS. They are sphingoids attached via their amino groups to a long chain fatty acyl group. They abnormally accumulate in FABRY DISEASE.
Models, Molecular
Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.
Protein Conformation
The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).
Archives
Biological Science Disciplines
All of the divisions of the natural sciences dealing with the various aspects of the phenomena of life and vital processes. The concept includes anatomy and physiology, biochemistry and biophysics, and the biology of animals, plants, and microorganisms. It should be differentiated from BIOLOGY, one of its subdivisions, concerned specifically with the origin and life processes of living organisms.
Periodicals as Topic
A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.
PubMed
A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.
Directories as Topic
Lists of persons or organizations, systematically arranged, usually in alphabetic or classed order, giving address, affiliations, etc., for individuals, and giving address, officers, functions, and similar data for organizations. (ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)
Publishing
"The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.
Markov Chains
A stochastic process such that the conditional probability distribution for a state at any future instant, given the present state, is unaffected by any additional knowledge of the past history of the system.
Databases, Protein
Databases containing information about PROTEINS such as AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; and other properties.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that produces TUBERCULOSIS in humans, other primates, CATTLE; DOGS; and some other animals which have contact with humans. Growth tends to be in serpentine, cordlike masses in which the bacilli show a parallel orientation.
Tuberculosis
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.
Tuberculosis, Pulmonary
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.
Mycobacterium
A genus of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria. Most species are free-living in soil and water, but the major habitat for some is the diseased tissue of warm-blooded hosts.
Mycobacterium bovis
The bovine variety of the tubercle bacillus. It is called also Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis.
Enterococcus faecalis
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens and the human intestinal tract. Most strains are nonhemolytic.
Enterococcus
A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria consisting of organisms causing variable hemolysis that are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Previously thought to be a member of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS, it is now recognized as a separate genus.
Enterococcus faecium
A species of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms are normal flora of the intestinal tract. Unlike ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS, this species may produce an alpha-hemolytic reaction on blood agar and is unable to utilize pyruvic acid as an energy source.
Acetoin
A product of fermentation. It is a component of the butanediol cycle in microorganisms. In mammals it is oxidized to carbon dioxide.
Acinetobacter baumannii
A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria, commonly found in the clinical laboratory, and frequently resistant to common antibiotics.
Crystallography, X-Ray
The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Acinetobacter Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus ACINETOBACTER.

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase: conformational change in the flexible region around Arg334 is required during the transaldimination process. (1/84)

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) catalytic mechanism has been proposed to proceed through two consecutive intermediates (i.e., Michaelis complex and the external aldimine). Limited proteolysis of AADC that preferentially digested at the C-terminal side of Arg334 was slightly retarded in the presence of dihydroxyphenyl acetate that formed a stable Michaelis complex. On the contrary, AADC was scarcely digested in the presence of L-dopa methyl ester that formed a stable external aldimine. Similar protection by the substrate analogs was observed in the chemical modification experiment. From these results, we concluded that the region around Arg334 must be exposed and flexible in the unliganded state, and forming the Michaelis complex generated a subtle conformational change, then underwent marked conformational change during the subsequent transaldimination process prerequisite to forming the external aldimine. For further analyses, we constructed a mutant gene encoding in tandem the two peptides of AADC cleaved at the Asn327-Met328 bond inside the putative flexible region. The gene product, fragmentary AADC, was still active with L-dopa as substrate, but its k(cat) value was decreased 57-fold, and the Km value was increased 9-fold compared with those of the wild-type AADC. The absorption spectra of the fragmentary AADC in the presence of L-dopa methyl ester showed shift in the equilibrium of the transaldimination from the external aldimine to the Michaelis complex. Tryptic digestion of the fragmentary AADC removed seven amino acid residues, Met328-Arg334, and resulted in complete inactivation. Susceptibility of the fragmentary enzyme to trypsin was not changed by L-dopa methyl ester revealing the loss of appropriate conformational change in the flexible region induced by substrate binding. From these results we propose that the conformational change in the flexible region is required during the transaldimination process.  (+info)

Role of tyrosine 265 of alanine racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus. (2/84)

Tyrosine 265 (Y265) of Bacillus stearothermophilus is believed to serve as a catalytic base specific to the L-enantiomer of a substrate amino acid by removing (or returning) an alpha-hydrogen from (or to) the isomer on the basis of the X-ray structure of the enzyme [Stamper, C.G., Morollo, A.A., and Ringe, D. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 10438-10443]. We found that the Y265-->Ala mutant (Y265A) enzyme is virtually inactive as a catalyst for alanine racemization. We examined the role of Y265 further with beta-chloroalanine as a substrate with the expectation that the Y265A mutant only catalyzes the alpha,beta-elimination of the D-enantiomer of beta-chloroalanine. However, L-beta-chloroalanine also served as a substrate; this enantiomer was rather better as a substrate than its antipode. Moreover, the mutant enzyme was as equally active as the wild-type enzyme in the elimination reaction. These findings indicate that Y265 is essential for alanine racemization but not for beta-chloroalanine elimination.  (+info)

Transcriptional control of peptidoglycan precursor synthesis during sporulation in Bacillus sphaericus. (3/84)

Synthesis of enzymes functional in the synthesis of nucleotide precursors of peptidoglycan ceases upon initiation of sporulation in Bacillus sphaericus. During sporulation, two periods of synthesis of these enzymes occur. The first starts at spore septum formation and is conincident with forespore engulfment; it involves the synthesis of those enzymes required for making the precursor of vegetative-type peptidoglycan, including L-lysyl ligase but no mesodiaminopimelyl ligase. The second period occurs shortly before the appearance of cortex. It involves the synthesis of diaminopimelyl ligase and the other enzymes needed for making the precursor of cortical peptidoglycan, but not lysyl ligase. Both events are a consequence of derepression at the level of transcription. Neither period of synthesis occurs in asporogenous mutants whose morphological block is at the point of spore septum formation.  (+info)

Tyrosine 265 of alanine racemase serves as a base abstracting alpha-hydrogen from L-alanine: the counterpart residue to lysine 39 specific to D-alanine. (4/84)

Alanine racemase of Bacillus stearothermophilus has been proposed to catalyze alanine racemization by means of two catalytic bases: lysine 39 (K39) abstracting specifically the alpha-hydrogen of D-alanine and tyrosine 265 (Y265) playing the corresponding role for the antipode L-alanine. The role of K39 as indicated has already been verified [Watanabe, A., Kurokawa, Y., Yoshimura, T., Kurihara, T., Soda, K., and Esaki, N. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 4189-4194]. We here present evidence for the functioning of Y265 as the base catalyst specific to L-alanine. The Y265-->Ala mutant enzyme (Y265A), like Y265S and Y265F, was a poor catalyst for alanine racemization. However, Y265A and Y265S catalyzed transamination with D-alanine much more rapidly than the wild-type enzyme, and the bound coenzyme, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), was converted to pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP). The rate of transamination catalyzed by Y265F was about 9% of that by the wild-type enzyme. However, Y265A, Y265S, and Y265F were similar in that L-alanine was inert as a substrate in transamination. The apo-form of the wild-type enzyme catalyzes the abstraction of tritium non-specifically from both (4'S)- and (4'R)-[4'-(3)H]PMP in the presence of pyruvate. In contrast, apo-Y265A abstracts tritium virtually from only the R-isomer. This indicates that the side-chain of Y265 abstracts the alpha-hydrogen of L-alanine and transfers it supra-facially to the pro-S position at C-4' of PMP. Y265 is the counterpart residue to K39 that transfers the alpha-hydrogen of D-alanine to the pro-R position of PMP.  (+info)

A eukaryotic alanine racemase gene involved in cyclic peptide biosynthesis. (5/84)

The cyclic tetrapeptide HC-toxin is an essential virulence determinant for the plant pathogenic fungus Cochliobolus carbonum and an inhibitor of histone deacetylase. The major form of HC-toxin contains the D-isomers of Ala and Pro. The non-ribosomal peptide synthetase that synthesizes HC-toxin has only one epimerizing domain for conversion of L-Pro to D-Pro; the source of D-Ala has remained unknown. Here we present the cloning and characterization of a new gene involved in HC-toxin biosynthesis, TOXG. TOXG is present only in HC-toxin-producing (Tox2(+)) isolates of C. carbonum. TOXG is able to support D-Ala-independent growth of a strain of Escherichia coli defective in D-Ala synthesis. A C. carbonum strain with both of its copies of TOXG mutated grows normally in culture, and although it no longer makes the three forms of HC-toxin that contain D-Ala, it still makes a minor form of HC-toxin that contains Gly in place of D-Ala. The addition of D-Ala to the culture medium restores production of the D-Ala-containing forms of HC-toxin by the toxG mutant. The toxG mutant has only partially reduced virulence. It is concluded that TOXG encodes an alanine racemase whose function is to synthesize D-Ala for incorporation into HC-toxin.  (+info)

The manifold of vitamin B6 dependent enzymes. (6/84)

Pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (vitamin B6) binding enzymes form a large superfamily that contains at least five different folds. The availability of an increasing number of known three-dimensional structures for members of this superfamily has allowed a detailed structural classification. Most progress has been made with the fold type I or aspartate aminotransferase family.  (+info)

Serine and alanine racemase activities of VanT: a protein necessary for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174. (7/84)

Vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus gallinarum results from the production of UDP-MurNAc-pentapeptide[D-Ser]. VanT, a membrane-bound serine racemase, is one of three proteins essential for this resistance. To investigate the selectivity of racemization of L-Ser or L-Ala by VanT, a strain of Escherichia coli TKL-10 that requires D-Ala for growth at 42 degrees C was used as host for transformation experiments using plasmids containing the full-length vanT from Ent. gallinarum or the alanine racemase gene (alr) of Bacillus stearothermophilus: both plasmids were able to complement E. coli TKL-10 at 42 degrees C. No alanine or serine racemase activities were detected in the host strain E. coli TKL-10 grown at 30, 34 or 37 degrees C. Serine and alanine racemase activities were found almost exclusively (96%) in the membrane fraction of E. coli TKL-10/pCA4(vanT): the alanine racemase activity of VanT was 14% of the serine racemase activity in both E. coli TKL-10/pCA4(vanT) and E. coli XL-1 Blue/pCA4(vanT). Alanine racemase activity was present mainly (95%) in the cytoplasmic fraction of E. coli TKL-10/pJW40(alr), with a trace (1.6%) of serine racemase activity. Additionally, DNA encoding the soluble domain of VanT was cloned and expressed in E. coli M15 as a His-tagged polypeptide and purified: this polypeptide also exhibited both serine and alanine racemase activities; the latter was approximately 18% of the serine racemase activity, similar to that of the full-length, membrane-bound enzyme. N-terminal sequencing of the purified His-tagged polypeptide revealed a single amino acid sequence, indicating that the formation of heterodimers between subunits of His-tagged C-VanT and endogenous alanine racemases from E. coli was unlikely. The authors conclude that the membrane-bound serine racemase VanT also has alanine racemase activity but is able to racemize serine more efficiently than alanine, and that the cytoplasmic domain is responsible for the racemase activity.  (+info)

Functional characterization of alanine racemase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe: a eucaryotic counterpart to bacterial alanine racemase. (8/84)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe has an open reading frame, which we named alr1(+), encoding a putative protein similar to bacterial alanine racemase. We cloned the alr1(+) gene in Escherichia coli and purified the gene product (Alr1p), with an M(r) of 41,590, to homogeneity. Alr1p contains pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as a coenzyme and catalyzes the racemization of alanine with apparent K(m) and V(max) values as follows: for L-alanine, 5.0 mM and 670 micromol/min/mg, respectively, and for D-alanine, 2.4 mM and 350 micromol/min/mg, respectively. The enzyme is almost specific to alanine, but L-serine and L-2-aminobutyrate are racemized slowly at rates 3.7 and 0.37% of that of L-alanine, respectively. S. pombe uses D-alanine as a sole nitrogen source, but deletion of the alr1(+) gene resulted in retarded growth on the same medium. This indicates that S. pombe has catabolic pathways for both enantiomers of alanine and that the pathway for L-alanine coupled with racemization plays a major role in the catabolism of D-alanine. Saccharomyces cerevisiae differs markedly from S. pombe: S. cerevisiae uses L-alanine but not D-alanine as a sole nitrogen source. Moreover, D-alanine is toxic to S. cerevisiae. However, heterologous expression of the alr1(+) gene enabled S. cerevisiae to grow efficiently on D-alanine as a sole nitrogen source. The recombinant yeast was relieved from the toxicity of D-alanine.  (+info)

New Classes of Alanine Racemase Inhibitors Identified by High-Throughput Screening Show Antimicrobial Activity against...New Classes of Alanine Racemase Inhibitors Identified by High-Throughput Screening Show Antimicrobial Activity against...
PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.
http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC3102704/?lang=en-ca
Structural insights into the alanine racemase from Enterococcus faecalis<...Structural insights into the alanine racemase from Enterococcus faecalis<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Structural insights into the alanine racemase from Enterococcus faecalis. AU - Priyadarshi, Amit. AU - Lee, Eun Hye. AU - Sung, Min Woo. AU - Nam, Ki Hyun. AU - Lee, Won Ho. AU - Kim, Eunice EunKyeong. AU - Hwang, Kwang Yeon. PY - 2009/7/1. Y1 - 2009/7/1. N2 - Alanine racemase (AlaR) is a bacterial enzyme that belongs to the fold-type III group of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. AlaR catalyzes the interconversion between l- and d-alanine, which is important for peptidoglycan biosynthesis. This enzyme is common in prokaryotes, but absent in eukaryotes, which makes it an attractive target for the design of new antibacterial drugs. Here, we report the crystal structures of both the apoenzyme and the d-cycloserine (DCS) complex of AlaR from the pathogenic bacterium Enterococcus faecalis v583, at a resolution of 2.5 Å. DCS is a suicide inhibitor of AlaR and, as such, serves as an antimicrobial agent and has been used to treat tuberculosis and urinary tract ...
https://koreauniv.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/structural-insights-into-the-alanine-racemase-from-enterococcus-f
Alanine racemase elisa and antibodyAlanine racemase elisa and antibody
Shop Alanine racemase ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Alanine racemase Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are available.
https://www.mybiosource.com/protein_family.php?root=alanine-racemase
Silica-immobilized His(6)-tagged enzyme : Alanine racemase in hydrophobic solventSilica-immobilized His(6)-tagged enzyme : Alanine racemase in hydrophobic solvent
A new immobilization method for enzymes is presented to facilitate synthetic applications in aqueous as well as organic media. The enzyme Alanine racemase (AlaR) from Geobacillus stearothermophilus was cloned, overexpressed and then immobilized on a silica-coated thin-layer chromatography plate to create an enzyme surface. The enzyme, fused to a His(6)-tag at its N-terminal, was tethered to the chemically modified silica-coated TLC plate through cobalt ions. The immobilized enzyme showed unaltered kinetic parameters in small-scale stirred reactions and retained its activity after rinsing, drying, freezing or immersion in n-hexane. This practical method is a first step towards a general immobilization method for synthesis applications with any enzyme suitable for His(6)-tagging.. ...
http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:335319
Active site of A. baumannii alanine racemase. (a) 2Fo | Open-iActive site of A. baumannii alanine racemase. (a) 2Fo | Open-i
Active site of A. baumannii alanine racemase. (a) 2Fo− Fc electron-density map of the active site contoured at 1.0σ with isomesh map shown (1.6 Å carve).
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4157418_f-70-01199-fig5&req=4
Alanine racemase C-terminal domain-like superfamilyAlanine racemase C-terminal domain-like superfamily
The SCOP classification for the Alanine racemase C-terminal domain-like superfamily including the families contained in it. Additional information provided includes InterPro annotation (if available), Functional annotation, and SUPERFAMILY links to genome assignments, alignments, domain combinations, taxonomic visualisation and hidden Markov model information.
http://supfam.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/scop.cgi?sunid=50621
EC 5.1.1.1EC 5.1.1.1
Accepted name: alanine racemase. Reaction: L-alanine = D-alanine. Other name(s): L-alanine racemase. Systematic name: alanine racemase. Comments: A pyridoxal-phosphate protein.. Links to other databases: BRENDA, EXPASY, GTD, KEGG, Metacyc, PDB, CAS registry number: 9024-06-0. References:. 1. Marr, A.G. and Wilson, P.W. The alanine racemase of Brucella abortus. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 49 (1954) 424-433.. 2. Wood, W.A. Amino acid racemases. Methods Enzymol. 2 (1955) 212-217.. 3. Wood, W.A. and Gunsalus, I.C. D-Alanine formation: a racemase in Streptococcus faecalis. J. Biol. Chem. 190 (1951) 403-416.. ...
http://www.sbcs.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC5/1/1/1.html
Global D-Alanine Racemase Market Research Report 2018 Share, Size, Analysis and Forecast 2023 - Market Research Reports and...Global D-Alanine Racemase Market Research Report 2018 Share, Size, Analysis and Forecast 2023 - Market Research Reports and...
D-Alanine Racemase Report by Material, Application, and Geography - Global Forecast to 2022 is a professional and in-depth research report on the worlds major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Ger
https://9dimenresearchstore.com/report/global-dalanine-racemase-market-2861
Silicone Entryway Storage, Coat Racks & Silicone Umbrella Stands | The Container StoreSilicone Entryway Storage, Coat Racks & Silicone Umbrella Stands | The Container Store
Shop Silicone Entryway Storage & Coat Racks at The Container Store. Give a warm welcome with a tidy entry! The Container Stores entryway storage options offer convenient coat racks and umbrella stands - Shop now! Shop Entryway Storage & Coat Racks today.
https://www.containerstore.com/s/entryway/Silicone/White/1lc
WikiGenes - dadX - alanine racemaseWikiGenes - dadX - alanine racemase
The worlds first wiki where authorship really matters. Due credit and reputation for authors. Imagine a global collaborative knowledge base for original thoughts.
https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/3994254.html
Sequence Similarity Search - BLASTSequence Similarity Search - BLAST
ppu:PP_5269 K01775 alanine racemase [EC:5.1.1.1] , (RefSeq) dadX; alanine racemase (A) MRPARALIDLQALRHNYRLARELTGAKALAVIKADAYGHGAVRCALALEAEADGFAVACI EEALELRAAGIKAPVLLLEGFFEASELALIAEHDLWCVVHSLWQLEAIEKTPLHKPLNVW LKLDSGMHRVGLHPKDYHDAYQRLLASGKVSRIVLMTHFARADELDADATSQQIAVFEAA RQGLAAECSLRNSPGVLGWPQAPSDWVRPGLMLYGATPFEVAQAEAARLQPVMTLQSRVI SVRELPAGEPVGYGAKFVSPRPTRVGVVAMGYADGYPRQAPNGTPVLVAGKRTQLIGRVS MDMLSIDLTDVPQATVGSPVEFWGKQVLASEVAAHAGTIPYQIFCNLKRVPRDYIGE ...
http://www.genome.jp/tools-bin/search_sequence?prog=blast&seqid=ppu:PP_5269+aa
Sequence Similarity Search - BLASTSequence Similarity Search - BLAST
vpa:VP2734 K01775 alanine racemase [EC:5.1.1.1] , (RefSeq) alr; alanine racemase (A) MKAAKACIDLSALQHNLQRVKAQAPESKVMAVVKANGYGHGLRHVAKHANHADAFGVARI EEALQLRACGVVKPILLLEGFYSPGDLPVLVTNNIQTVVHCEEQLIALEQADLETPVVVW LKIDSGMHRLGVRPEQYDEFISRLKTCPNVAKPLRYMSHFGCADELDSSITPQQIELFMS LTSGCQGERSLAASAGLLAWPQSQLEWVRPGIIMYGVSPFSDKTAQDLGYQPVMTLKSHL IAVREVKQGESVGYGGIWTSERDTKVGVIAVGYGDGYPRSAPNGTPVWVNGRTVPIAGRV SMDMLTVDLGPDATDKVSDEAILWGKELPVEEVANHIGTIAYELVTKLTPRVEMEYTK ...
http://www.genome.jp/tools-bin/search_sequence?prog=blast&seqid=vpa:VP2734+aa
alanine racemase [Frankia sp. CcI3] - Protein - NCBIalanine racemase [Frankia sp. CcI3] - Protein - NCBI
This record was replaced or removed. The sequence YP_479735 is 100% identical to WP_011435075.1 over its full length. Be aware that a NCBI nonredundant RefSeq protein (WP_) can be annotated on large numbers of bacterial genomes that encode that identical protein.. Old YP_479735.1 New WP_011435075.1 Identical proteins Re-annotation project. ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/86739335
garage door springs menardsgarage door springs menards
You may likewise have an old, one piece entryway that swings outward as it goes up and overhead. This specific plan will have springs mounted on the sides of the entryway opening - at about your midriff stature, gotten to a switch section framework that broadens the springs toward the roof at the entryway shutting. Its anything but an old and very risky framework, not made any longer. On the off chance that you have such a framework in the carport, Id energetically suggest supplanting it.. Carport entryway twist springs - there are either single or twofold spring plans. The spring will typically break while under the greatest pressure which is the point at which the overhead carport entryway shuts/goes down, or it is as of now totally shut (USUALLY). In case youre shutting it physically and it occurs during this activity, dont attempt to keep it from pounding down, let it go … indeed, except if your foot is the place where the entryway will hammer!. At the point when one of the two carport ...
https://oemeco.com/tag/garage-door-springs-menards/
ZipWall Heavy Duty Zipper - How to Create an Entryway in a Dust ...ZipWall Heavy Duty Zipper - How to Create an Entryway in a Dust ...
Watch ZipWall Heavy Duty Zipper - How to Create an Entryway in a Dust Barrier - Video | Environmental XPRT. How to quickly create an entryway in a plastic ...
https://www.environmental-expert.com/videos/zipwall-heavy-duty-zipper-how-to-create-an-entryway-in-a-dust-barrier-video-791046
PDB 2rjh structure summary ‹ Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) ‹ EMBL-EBIPDB 2rjh structure summary ‹ Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) ‹ EMBL-EBI
2rjh: Residues Asp164 and Glu165 at the substrate entryway function potently in substrate orientation of alanine racemase from E. coli: Enzymatic characterization with crystal structure analysis.
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/pdb/2rjh
AID 726209 - Inhibition of human recombinant DAO expressed in G418-resistant HEK293/NEO cells assessed as effect on D-alanine...AID 726209 - Inhibition of human recombinant DAO expressed in G418-resistant HEK293/NEO cells assessed as effect on D-alanine...
BioAssay record AID 726209 submitted by ChEMBL: Inhibition of human recombinant DAO expressed in G418-resistant HEK293/NEO cells assessed as effect on D-alanine level at 17 uM incubated for 30 mins prior to D-alanine addition measured after 24 hrs by HPLC analysis relative to vehicle-treated control.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/726209
Essentiality of Mycobacterium tuberculosis D-alanine racemase - Ofelia ChaconEssentiality of Mycobacterium tuberculosis D-alanine racemase - Ofelia Chacon
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the main etiologic agent of human tuberculosis (TB), remains a leading cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. The percent...
https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R21-AI087561-02
Plumbing Nightmares and Entryway Dreams | Rehab Addict | DIYPlumbing Nightmares and Entryway Dreams | Rehab Addict | DIY
After transforming the exterior of the Minnehaha House, Nicole Curtis turns her attention to the interior where massive plumbing and electrical problems lurk behind the walls. Construction cannot start until the 100-year-old wiring and piping are up to code, and that means the little Sheetrock that is up must come down. At the same time, anxious to get started on cosmetic work, Nicole restores antique exterior sconces, and works with restoration experts to repair the glass window for the grand front door. When the lights finally go on and the water flows, the walls go up throughout the house and Nicole completes her entryway restoration.
http://www.diynetwork.com/shows/rehab-addict/episodes/100/plumbing-nightmare-to-powder-room-dreams
Replacing exterior exposed non weight bearing beams in entryway | This Old HouseReplacing exterior exposed non weight bearing beams in entryway | This Old House
Help -- Our entryway here in California has beams extending from the roof line that create a nice little bit of shade, an arbor for large fushia and climber roses as well as an nice entry statement. These are non weight bearing 5x6 x 24 and extend 18 under the roof line. The Stucco wall holding the beam ends need a lot of help as well as you can see from the photos-- well, cant seem to get the photos small enough - can anyone help with that?
https://www.thisoldhouse.com/discussions/topic/replacing-exterior-exposed-non-weight-bearing-beams-entryway
Entryway Mats - Free ShippingEntryway Mats - Free Shipping
Keep your building clean and safe using a three stage entry mat system: Outdoor Scraper Mats to stop dirt before it gets inside, Entryway Wiper/Scraper Mats to clean up remaining dirt and trap water, and Interior Wiper Carpet Mats to protect your floors.
http://www.gotopac.com/products/floor-mats/entryway-mats.html?manufacturer=1231&p_length=138
Entryway Mats - Free ShippingEntryway Mats - Free Shipping
Keep your building clean and safe using a three stage entry mat system: Outdoor Scraper Mats to stop dirt before it gets inside, Entryway Wiper/Scraper Mats to clean up remaining dirt and trap water, and Interior Wiper Carpet Mats to protect your floors.
http://www.gotopac.com/products/floor-mats/entryway-mats.html?p_length=1725
Best 25+ Cote de texas ideas on Pinterest | Arched interior doors, Stone sink and Grand entrywayBest 25+ Cote de texas ideas on Pinterest | Arched interior doors, Stone sink and Grand entryway
Find and save ideas about Cote de texas on Pinterest. | See more ideas about Arched interior doors, Stone sink and Grand entryway.
https://gr.pinterest.com/explore/cote-de-texas/
Multi-Color, Entryway, Chandeliers | Lamps PlusMulti-Color, Entryway, Chandeliers | Lamps Plus
Browse Entryway Multi-Color chandeliers - 62 available at Lamps Plus! 120% low price protection guarantee - Possini Euro Fabrizio 22&Quot; Wide Contemporary Glass Pendant, Avalon Br...
http://www.lampsplus.com/products/chandeliers/[email protected]/usage_entryway/
A bit of Abbey Lee Kershaw listing. There isnt Elisabeth Harnois there. Signora Colorni opened the entryway, a little lady...A bit of Abbey Lee Kershaw listing. There isnt Elisabeth Harnois there. Signora Colorni opened the entryway, a little lady...
A bit of Abbey Lee Kershaw listing. There isnt Elisabeth Harnois there. Signora Colorni opened the entryway, a little lady with a dark top and blue displays ...
http://shaneru.net/9149584/888112346.html
Gray, Seedling By Thomas Paul, Entryway, Chandeliers | Lamps PlusGray, Seedling By Thomas Paul, Entryway, Chandeliers | Lamps Plus
Entryway Gray Seedling By Thomas Paul chandeliers at Lamps Plus! 120% low price protection guarantee - Seedling By Thomaspaul Damask 24&Quot; Wide Pendant Chandelier, Seedling By Th...
http://www.lampsplus.com/products/chandeliers/color_gray/usage_entryway/manufacturer_seedling-by-thomas-paul/
DiVA - Search resultDiVA - Search result
Three C X bond formation mechanisms observed in the oxidation of (HBpz(3))ReO(R)(OTf) [HBpz(3) = hydrotris(1-pyrazolypborate; R = Me, Et, and iPr; OTf = OSO(2)CF(3)] by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were investigated using quantum mechanics (M06//B3LYP DFT) combined with solvation (using the PBF Poisson Boltzmann polarizable continuum solvent model). For R = Et we find the alkyl group is activated through alpha-hydrogen abstraction by external base OTf(-) with a free energy barrier of only 12.0 kcal/mol, leading to formation of acetaldehyde. Alternatively, ethyl migration across the M=O bond (leading to the formation of acetaldehyde and ethanol) poses a free energy barrier of 22.1 kcal/mol, and the previously proposed alpha-hydrogen transfer to oxo (a 2+2 forbidden reaction) poses a barrier of 44.9 kcal/mol. The rate-determining step to formation of the final product acetaldehyde is an oxygen atom transfer from DMSO to the ethylidene, with a free energy barrier of 15.3 kcal/mol. When R = iPr, the ...
http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/resultList.jsf?af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%7B%22personId%22%3A%22authority-person%3A31658+OR+0000-0002-1553-4027%22%7D%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&language=en&query=
Ausgewählte Publikationen des Jahres 2014 • Chemie • Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, PharmazieAusgewählte Publikationen des Jahres 2014 • Chemie • Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie
NMR Studies of Protonation and Hydrogen Bond States of Internal Aldimines of Pyridoxal 5-Phosphate Acid-Base in Alanine Racemase, Aspartate Aminotransferase and Poly-L-lysine. Monique Chan-Huot, Alexandra Dos, Reinhard Zander, Shasad Sharif, Peter M. Tolstoy, Shara Compton, Emily Fogle, Michael D. Toney, Ilya Shenderovich, Gleb S. Denisov, and Hans-Heinrich Limbach, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135(48), 18160-18175. ...
https://www.bcp.fu-berlin.de/chemie/chemie/_PaperHighlightsArchive/2014.html
SWISS-MODEL Template Library | 6q70.1SWISS-MODEL Template Library | 6q70.1
SWISS-MODEL Template Library (SMTL) entry for 6q70.1. Crystal structure of the alanine racemase Bsu17640 from Bacillus subtilis in the presence of HEPES
https://swissmodel.expasy.org/templates/6q70
Targeting Dual Points of Entry | A&U MagazineTargeting Dual Points of Entry | A&U Magazine
Drug discovery and early to mid-stage drug development for HIV primarily takes place at academic institutions and small biotechnology companies. At the Frontiers in Developing Antiretroviral Therapy Conference (HIV DART 2014), which took place from December 9-12 in Miami, Florida, there were numerous presentations on promising new treatments for HIV being researched by academic institutions. One project that particularly stood out involved the development of early stage, dual-tropic HIV entry inhibitors that also inhibit HIV reverse transcriptase.. HIV entry into immune cells involves an initial interaction between the viral surface receptor, gp120, and the human cell surface receptor, CD4. This is followed by a subsequent interaction with one of two human cell surface co-receptors: CCR5 or CXCR4. CCR5 is the entryway for M-tropic viruses and CXCR4 is the entryway for T-tropic viruses. Tropism simply refers to the type of cell that HIV infects, and thus characterizes different HIV strains. ...
http://aumag.org/2015/02/18/targeting-dual-points-of-entry/
Ellen Entryway Storage Bench 1.1m, Ellen by HipVan | HipVanEllen Entryway Storage Bench 1.1m, Ellen by HipVan | HipVan
Over 60,000 Customers trust HipVan. Shop Ellen Storage Bench at HipVan in Singapore. ✓ Great Prices ✓ 100 Day Returns ✓ Free Shipping Available. The Ellen Storage Collection is the go-to range for...
https://www.hipvan.com/products/ellen-entryway-storage-bench-1-1m
Our Home Tour - Front Porch and Entryway - The House of SmithsOur Home Tour - Front Porch and Entryway - The House of Smiths
Im a little late finding this post but Im glad I did! Everything looks so amazing. You both did such a great job. I live in a tiny home with a husband that is really handy so we are constantly making changes like this to our home. One of our areas we would like to tackle next is the closet/front door area. I love how yours turned out but I do have a question. In the before picture it shows several items that dont seem to be stored in the after picture. The coats, baskets, iron. I was just wondering where you store those now. Again, I know Im a little late finding this blog so maybe you answered this already. If so, sorry! Any help would be appreciated!. ...
https://thehouseofsmiths.com/2012/08/our-home-tour-outside-and-entryway.html?showComment=1345747405473
Our Home Tour - Front Porch and Entryway - The House of SmithsOur Home Tour - Front Porch and Entryway - The House of Smiths
Im a little late finding this post but Im glad I did! Everything looks so amazing. You both did such a great job. I live in a tiny home with a husband that is really handy so we are constantly making changes like this to our home. One of our areas we would like to tackle next is the closet/front door area. I love how yours turned out but I do have a question. In the before picture it shows several items that dont seem to be stored in the after picture. The coats, baskets, iron. I was just wondering where you store those now. Again, I know Im a little late finding this blog so maybe you answered this already. If so, sorry! Any help would be appreciated!. ...
https://thehouseofsmiths.com/2012/08/our-home-tour-outside-and-entryway.html?showComment=1349888729455
Yooper Chicken RanchYooper Chicken Ranch
I then heard the chicken sounds from around the house, but couldnt see either hen. I looked under the back entryway where they like to go in the heat of the day. They werent there. I then looked over by the garage and garden. Not there, either. I then spotted a cat meowing a couple of houses away from ours, and decided to see if I could get it to come over. All the while Im hearing the chicken cooing sounds coming from the back of the house. After spending a minute or two scratching the cats head, I decided to go and find who was making all the noise once and for all. I went back and looked under the entryway, and still no chickens were under there. I finally decided to look in the bushes next to the rear stoop ...
http://yooperchickenranch.blogspot.com
STANLEY Doors 33.375 inch x 82.375 inch Seattle Zinc Full Lite Prefinished White Right-Han... | The Home Depot CanadaSTANLEY Doors 33.375 inch x 82.375 inch Seattle Zinc Full Lite Prefinished White Right-Han... | The Home Depot Canada
Stanley Doors helps you create an entrance that is an extension of your unique personality. Our products offer lasting, elegant entryways with an emphasis on style, security and, energy efficiency. ENERGY STAR certified and double bored, the door can accept a lock and deadbolt of your choice. Delight in how this geometrically pure Architectural Series brings character, transparency and dynamic reflections to your entryway. In addition to the beauty of our doors, you could be sure that once installed, they are simple to maintain and care for and are backed by Stanleys limited lifetime warranty to boot! Stanley doors is dedicated to manufacturing the highest value products. We are continuously developing and innovating products that will serve you for many years. Welcome home.
https://www.homedepot.ca/product/stanley-doors-33-375-inch-x-82-375-inch-seattle-zinc-full-lite-prefinished-white-right-hand-inswing-steel-prehung-front-door-energy-star-/1000809662
Water Trapper Mats | OrvisWater Trapper Mats | Orvis
Browse Water Trapper® mats at Orvis and enjoy superior weatherproof protection for your entryway, or choose a dog mat for your pets food bowls.
http://www.orvis.com/store/product_snp_tnail.aspx?dir_id=1034&group_id=1855&cat_id=15472&subcat_id=15473&nav=19171,50775,50864,9
Rural Revolution: New shelving unitRural Revolution: New shelving unit
This meant we had an open spot next to the Hoosier to sort of frame in the entryway by the door. At first Don thought he would build a woodbox (so we could load it with firewood for the cookstove), but as it turns out, a woodbox hasnt been necessary. Instead, he decided to build me a small shelving unit to hold some of the jugs overflowing the pantry ...
http://www.rural-revolution.com/2016/04/new-shelving-unit.html?showComment=1460239023219
Health Services | Drew UniversityHealth Services | Drew University
The Health Service is located in the Morris Health Center, which is attached to the Holloway Residence Hall and near the left side of the Simon Forum. The main door faces into the campus and is opposite The Commons dining hall.. The building has a handicapped-accessible entrance located at the side door, which has a ramp and lowered doorbell. Since this door is normally locked, visitors who need this entryway should call 973-408-3414 in advance whenever possible. Handicapped parking is available near the entrance and an accessible restroom is inside the Health Service building.. ...
http://www.drew.edu/health-services/
September 2019 - Fish-TrollingSeptember 2019 - Fish-Trolling
Do you realize why flame resistant entryways are determined for structures and they cant work until these entryways are introduced? Construction regulations executed by the state require new structures to have these entryways. Indeed, even old structures should likewise pass fire entryway particulars so as to be deserving of utilization if a flame happens in these zones. There is a need to indicate them in structure insides so as to keep the territories sheltered and compartmentalized from each other during a flame. This is done so that there is delay in the way that fire spreads. Building compartments are combined by entryways that are impervious to fire.. In this manner, fire entryways have explicit capacities: they are kept shut in one region to turn into a boundary in halting the spread of consuming and they are kept open in another territory to give a break to individuals. When building proprietors perceive these capacities, they wont item to the position of these specific entryways and ...
http://www.vetouistelu.info/2019/09/
Regulation of the dauBAR operon and characterization of d-amino acid dehydrogenase DauA in arginine and lysine catabolism of...Regulation of the dauBAR operon and characterization of d-amino acid dehydrogenase DauA in arginine and lysine catabolism of...
A unique d-to-l racemization of arginine by coupled arginine dehydrogenases DauA and DauB encoded by the dauBAR operon has been recently reported as a prerequisite for d-arginine utilization as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen through l-arginine catabolic pathways in P. aeruginosa. In this study, enzymic properties of the catabolic FAD-dependent d-amino acid dehydrogenase DauA and the physiological functions of the dauBAR operon were further characterized with other d-amino acids. These results establish DauA as a d-amino acid dehydrogenase of broad substrate specificity, with d-Arg and d-Lys as the two most effective substrates, based on the kinetic parameters. In addition, expression of dauBAR is specifically induced by exogenous d-Arg and d-Lys, and mutations in the dauBAR operon affect utilization of these two amino acids alone. The function of DauR as a repressor in the control of the dauBAR operon was demonstrated by dauB promoter activity measurements in vivo and mobility shift assays with
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/mic.0.033282-0
Permalien vers Combined approaches for drug design points the way to novel proline racemase inhibitor candidates to fight...Permalien vers Combined approaches for drug design points the way to novel proline racemase inhibitor candidates to fight...
Lien vers Pubmed [PMID] - 23613764. PLoS ONE 2013;8(4):e60955. Chagas disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan transmitted to humans by blood-feeding insects, blood transfusion or congenitally. Previous research led us to discover a parasite proline racemase (TcPRAC) and to establish its validity as a target for the design of new chemotherapies against the disease, including its chronic form. A known inhibitor of proline racemases, 2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid (PYC), is water-insoluble. We synthesized soluble pyrazole derivatives, but they proved weak or inactive TcPRAC inhibitors. TcPRAC catalytic site is too small and constrained when bound to PYC to allow efficient search for new inhibitors by virtual screening. Forty-nine intermediate conformations between the opened enzyme structure and the closed liganded one were built by calculating a transition path with a method we developed. A wider range of chemical compounds could dock in the partially opened intermediate active site models ...
https://research.pasteur.fr/fr/publication/combined-approaches-for-drug-design-points-the-way-to-novel-proline-racemase-inhibitor-candidates-to-fight-chagas-disease/
dadA - D-amino acid dehydrogenase - Escherichia coli (strain K12) - dadA gene & proteindadA - D-amino acid dehydrogenase - Escherichia coli (strain K12) - dadA gene & protein
Catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-amino acids. Has broad substrate specificity; is mostly active on D-alanine, and to a lesser extent, on several other D-amino acids such as D-methionine, D-serine and D-proline, but not on L-alanine. Participates in the utilization of L-alanine and D-alanine as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen and energy for growth. Is also able to oxidize D-amino acid analogs such as 3,4-dehydro-D-proline, D-2-aminobutyrate, D-norvaline, D-norleucine, cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline, and DL-ethionine.
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P0A6J5
Amazon.com: SONGMICS Bamboo Shoe Rack Bench for Boots, Entryway Storage Organizer, 3 Tiers Shoe Shelf, Multi Function for...Amazon.com: SONGMICS Bamboo Shoe Rack Bench for Boots, Entryway Storage Organizer, 3 Tiers Shoe Shelf, Multi Function for...
Buy SONGMICS Bamboo Shoe Rack Bench for Boots, Entryway Storage Organizer, 3 Tiers Shoe Shelf, Multi Function for Hallway Bathroom Living Room Corridor and Garden, Brown: Storage Benches - Amazon.com ✓ FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases
https://uedata.amazon.com/SONGMICS-Entryway-Organizer-Function-ULBS06Z/dp/B01NBVZDMH
RelB belongs to the family of Rel-related proteins, - awardban funRelB belongs to the family of Rel-related proteins, - awardban fun
Factors Associated with the Success of In Vitro Fertilization in Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. The aim of this study cialis daily was to review a series of consecutive patients managed at our unit at least 1 year prior to the onset of the study. Based on the new Ultralite-foil-crown the mechanical strength of the Ultralite-molar-crown is tested.. A single assay for simultaneously testing effectors of alanine racemase and/or D-alanine: D-alanine ligase. All three agents demonstrated anticancer activity at very low dosages compared with current clinically useful anticancer agents. Women that smoked had higher cialis 30 day trial coupon SRS scores as compared with female nonsmokers, and also higher than in males, smokers and nonsmokers. A retrospective study was performed in 38 cases of intussusception in 35 children over a 33-month cialis generic period at a pediatric hospital. Psychopedagogic rehabilitation of learning disorders in school children The main barrier to reduction of ...
http://awardban.fun/relb-belongs-to-the-family-of-rel-related-proteins/
Plus itPlus it
D-Cycloserine is a competitive inhibitor of alanine racemase for which its Ki is 100 times smaller than the Km for either of the substrates, D- and L-alanine. L-Cycloserine, however, does not inhibit this enzyme. A hypothesis is proposed, based on molecular models, that D-cycloserine has the conformation required of the substrates on the enzyme surface. L-Cycloserine cannot have this conformation.. ...
http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/2/1/92
1:47 am1:47 am
Items i 32 of Lay aside wish the placement of the dressing table and chairperson and repositing work bench astatine end of Like the idea of. And our bedrooms are downstairs. For entry closetold bedroom dresser Painted DIY Repurpose an old drawer into a incline set back with storage. 77 DIY work bench Ideas Storage Pallet Garden Cushion says Aug Coaster Classic Storage work bench with Nailhead reduce Design Tan Microfiber computer memory Bench For Bedroom.. Frame a storage work bench for the residence hall entryway operating room porch with i of the many release plans. SMLXL beginning woodworking classes front page bench plane Group A wooden storage work bench seat is the perfect every bit angstrom decorative and useful entryway beginners wood projects or sleeping accommodation storage and seating However for those that are handy you behind look up.. ...
http://shandy.crabdance.com/download-bedroom-storage-bench-plans-pdf-bench-vise/
Bow-front entryway table - by Jim Good @ LumberJocks.com ~ woodworking communityBow-front entryway table - by Jim Good @ LumberJocks.com ~ woodworking community
This was the third project I made at the Center for Furniture Craftsmanship in Rockport, Maine. I did the 12-week intensive there last winter. Great school, excellent instructors. This table has a hand-cut walnut veneered floating top, with Q-S ...
http://lumberjocks.com/projects/87124
Eames Molded Plywood Folding Screen - Design Within ReachEames Molded Plywood Folding Screen - Design Within Reach
Shop Eames Molded Plywood Folding Screen and see our wide selection of Entryway Accessories at Design Within Reach. In stock, exclusive, and ready to ship -- authentic modern furniture from iconic designers.
https://www.dwr.com/entryway-accessories/eames-molded-plywood-folding-screen/663014.html?lang=en_US
Composite Prototyping Center (CPC) - Campolo, Middleton & McCormick, LLPComposite Prototyping Center (CPC) - Campolo, Middleton & McCormick, LLP
Just off the LIE where Nassau and Suffolk meet sits the Composite Prototyping Center (CPC), a state-of-the-art, innovative entryway into Long Islands future. Unassuming from the outside, tucked into an industrial area on Express Street in Plainview, the visionary CPC uses cutting-edge composite technology that enables businesses to design and build virtually anything they can dream up. How can HIA-LIs members, particularly those in the robust manufacturing industry, benefit from this hidden jewel? HIA-LI Board Chairman Joe Campolo, President and CEO Terri Alessi-Miceli, and board member Dr. Ann-Marie Scheidt recently toured this visionary facility and met with some of its leaders and board members to find out.. ...
https://cmmllp.com/composite-prototyping-center-cpc/
6 Tier Shoe Rack, White - Click! Design That Fits6 Tier Shoe Rack, White - Click! Design That Fits
Sleek and modern shoe rack, perfect for your entryway. The top shelf is just right for storing your keys and the optional (included) hook keeps your shoe-horn or umbrella at the ready. 6 tier shoe rack measures 34.3
https://clickdesignthatfits.com/collections/home-accessories/products/6-tier-shoe-rack-white
153 Ornate Avenue, Fairhope Al, 36532, Fairhope, AL, United States being shown by Bellator Real Estate & Development with MLS #...153 Ornate Avenue, Fairhope Al, 36532, Fairhope, AL, United States being shown by Bellator Real Estate & Development with MLS #...
Welcome home to the Macon Plan by Truland Homes in The Tracery. This home comes tons of upgrades including wood flooring throughout the living, dining, kitchen area, granite counters in kitchen and master bath, gas log fireplace in the family room, custom-crafted cabinets throughout with painted upgrade in the kitchen, and ceramic tiled shower in master bath. From this impressive entryway into the great room with its 10 foot ceiling surrounded by crown molding, it will catch your breath at the airy open space for living, dining, and entertaining. Planning, preparing and sharing meals here in the spacious island in the kitchen connected to a large breakfast area can be a joy. A roomy master sanctuary with vaulted ceiling and a bathroom with double vanities also his & her closets. Gather around the cozy corner fireplace, a comfort on cool southern evenings. Live surrounded by the tasteful finishes youve come to expect from a Truland Home, a solace after a day out in the world. Wood flooring, painted
https://www.leadingre.com/listings/b5e18cd5-1a55-4b41-be63-b186d11e091f/153-ornate-avenue-fairhope-al-36532-fairhope-36532
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/IR00001720/00001http://ufdc.ufl.edu/IR00001720/00001
Salvaging Hurricane-Damaged Palms in the Nursery 2 dying. This may not be feasible for field nurseries without irrigation, but rainfall may be adequate to keep rootballs moist. If the trunk of a single-stemmed (versus clustering or clumping) palm is broken, whether completely severed at the base or anywhere along its length, splintered or sharply bent (kinked) at some point along its length -that palm is unredeemably damaged and cannot be save. Palm stems have no ability to heal as do broad-leaved trees. Clustering or clumping palms, however, continuously produce new stems and should not be removed, even if all the conspicuous, tall stems are badly damaged. Broken stems of a clustering palm should be carefully cut as close to their base as possible. Application of a fungicide after this operation is recommended, since the stumps can provide entryway for disease organisms. Even though a palm may have been left standing after the hurricanes passage, severe stresses to the crown and, most ...
http://ufdc.ufl.edu/IR00001720/00001
Hand Crafted Ketchikan Double-Wide Radius-Head Entry Doors by Christies Wood and Glass | CustomMade.comHand Crafted Ketchikan Double-Wide Radius-Head Entry Doors by Christies Wood and Glass | CustomMade.com
Made from Ponderosa pine with a Driftwood finish, this entryway is 62 wide x 83 high. The asymmetrical design has three inulated, beveled glass pan…
https://www.custommade.com/ketchikan-double-wide-radius-head-entry-doors/by/christieswoodandglass/
WAN:: New Abuja City Gate by Ehrlich Architects in Abuja, NigeriaWAN:: New Abuja City Gate by Ehrlich Architects in Abuja, Nigeria
The New Abuja City Gate provides a dynamic entryway to Nigerias new capital city, serving multiple symbolic and practical functions. The iconic design of the Gates tower and pedestrian bridge creates an international landmark that points the way
http://www.worldarchitecturenews.com/index.php?fuseaction=wanappln.showprojectbigimages&img=1&pro_id=14335
shoes cube organizer - foaqashoes cube organizer - foaqa
DescriptionIntroduction: a stylish design shoe rack adds a touch of style to entryway or bedroom. It is great and practical in use for home and office. We strongly recommend this portable shoe rack which is perfect for organizing shoes, classic designed, highly funtional and collapsible for easy transportation. Really
https://foaqa.com/products/shoes-cube-organizer
Classic Border Monogrammed Coco Door Mat | FrontgateClassic Border Monogrammed Coco Door Mat | Frontgate
Framed in a sophisticated, bold border, our Classic Border Monogrammed Coco Door Mat graces an entryway with your single initial. Constructed of 100% durable coir fibers, this handsome mat is stenciled in fade-resistant dyes for long-lasting luxury. Stenciled in fade-resistant dyes Constructed of 100% coir fibers Protects your floors from mud, sand, water, and dirt 1-1/2 thick View complete care instructionsDo not place in area where it will remain wet for long periods of time with no sunlight for dryingThe natural dyes can produce a brown stain that is difficult to remove from certain surfaces; using a rug pad is recommendedNot recommended for use on slate, granite, cobblestone, or limestone porches that have been chemically sealed If you are not satisfied with this specific monogrammed item, you may return it within 90 days, and well replace it or refund the cost (excluding Shipping and Handling fees).
https://www.frontgate.com/classic-border-monogrammed-coco-door-mat/695759?bvstate=pg:2/ct:q
UofL Libraries Digital CollectionsUofL Libraries Digital Collections
Exterior of the Louisville Service Club building located at 525 S. 5th St. in Louisville, Ky. The multi story building has a stone facade and a metal awning over the entryway along the first floor. Along the side of the building is a painted sign ...
http://digital.library.louisville.edu/cdm/search/searchterm/%20Soldiers/field/subjec/mode/exact/order/subjec/page/13
Melinda Loomis: May 2019Melinda Loomis: May 2019
The highlight for us was the last house we hit on the tour, the beautiful Victorian known as Idlewild, which just happens to be for sale. It was also the only multi-level home where we werent allowed upstairs, which was disappointing, plus I wasnt overwhelmed by the kitchen, but the rest of it was impressive as hell. The entryway is gorgeous and the wooden arch between the living room and dining room was absolutely stunning (the picture on the listing doesnt do it justice). I think The Brother was still kind of meh about it until we got outside and were directed to the wine cellar, which is only accessible from the side yard. I think that sold it for him. Probably a good thing he doesnt have a spare $1.7 million laying around. They also wisely didnt have any actual wine in there so we didnt have to fight off the temptation to make off with a souvenir ...
http://www.melindaloomis.com/2019/05/
The Welcome Home Olive WreathThe Welcome Home Olive Wreath
Theres no better way to welcome guests than with a modern wreath adding warmth to your entryway. Whether youre hosting a dinner party for friends or in need of a housewarming gift to congratulate their next big move, this olive wreaths green leaves and branches are beautiful and inviting. ...
https://www.proflowers.com/product/the-welcome-home-olive-wreath-prd-p2276?ref=PFCFeedGoogle
Court Rules for Dog-Killing Cop in Judgment in Rule 50 Appeal - FindLawCourt Rules for Dog-Killing Cop in Judgment in Rule 50 Appeal - FindLaw
In 2006, Deputy James Carroll and other officers from the Greater Rochester Area Narcotics Enforcement Team executed a no-knock warrant for Sherry Carrolls home. Deputy Carroll, who was in charge of securing the entryway, was the first to enter the house. Thats when he saw a dog growling, barking, and quickly and aggressively approaching. Once the dog had advanced to within a foot of him, Deputy Carroll fired one shot from his shotgun at the animals head and killed him.
https://www.findlaw.com/legalblogs/second-circuit/court-rules-for-dog-killing-cop-in-judgment-in-rule-50-appeal/
I GOT UP Hot Wheels / Athens | | Flash...I GOT UP Hot Wheels / Athens | | Flash...
Four identical postcards displayed in the gallerys entryway bear the stamped, enigmatic phrase I GOT UP AT, followed by the time that the sender awoke.
https://flash---art.com/2021/08/i-got-up-hot-wheels-athens/
BALENTINE MEMOIRS: On wisdomBALENTINE MEMOIRS: On wisdom
Wisdom tells me that happiness is temporary, fleeting. Happiness is a decision on how to react to the circumstances right in front of you. Teddy is an amazing example of reacting with either happiness or sadness to the thing that is right in front of his face. Last night when we picked up Teddy at my parents house, we brought everyone some chocolate chip cookies that we could all share together. We walked in my parents house through door off the garage and were greeted by Teddy (and Sophie the bop bop). Within seconds, Teddys gaze moved to cookies. He nodded vigorously, gasped excitedly, said Dees! Dees! (which seems to be an efficient combination of this, these and please), and sat right down on the floor in the entryway as if to say, Lets do this. Right here. Right now. We had not even shut the door behind us to come inside yet! Of course, we caved in and gave Teddy a cookie, but at least made him stand up and walk into the kitchen. His body wiggled with happiness, and he made grunts of ...
http://www.balentinememoirs.com/2014/02/on-wisdom.html
UofL Libraries Digital CollectionsUofL Libraries Digital Collections
Address: northeast corner of Second and Main Streets, Louisville, Kentucky. A pair of mules attached to a wagon stand by the curb in front of a building. The entryway of the building has a sign that says, L. H. & St. L. Ry. Co. The building ...
http://digital.library.louisville.edu/cdm/search/searchterm/pediments/field/descri/mode/all/order/descri
Roots Planted in Dallas with a Custom Map Poster - Color & ChicRoots Planted in Dallas with a Custom Map Poster - Color & Chic
Upon coming home, seeing my custom map poster of Dallas on my entryway console brings a smile to my face. Its a little piece of home I can enjoy far away.
http://colorandchic.com/roots-planted-in-dallas-custom-map-poster/
Just through the portal | Lifeonthecutoffs BlogJust through the portal | Lifeonthecutoffs Blog
While icy cold still pervades here on the Cutoff, temperatures have climbed a bit above freezing and the sun has shown its face enough to encourage icicles to form. These frozen daggers have sculpted themselves above our entryway; that back door portal of our comings and goings in our daily life. It was Tuesday morning,…
https://lifeonthecutoff.wordpress.com/2013/12/18/just-through-the-portal/
Horned Skull Door KnockerHorned Skull Door Knocker
When you wish to have a truly foreboding home or simply wish to have a dark aesthetic for your entryway, consider using the Horned Skull Door Knocker.
https://www.medievalcollectibles.com/product/horned-skull-door-knocker/
40 IKEA Malm Dresser Hacks | ComfyDwelling.com40 IKEA Malm Dresser Hacks | ComfyDwelling.com
IKEA Malm dresser is a cool piece that can fit any bedroom, closet, entryway or any other room. Taken in white, its perfect for most of modern interiors ...
http://comfydwelling.com/furniture/40-ikea-malm-dresser-hacks-that-fit-every-space.html/comment-page-62
CallanishCallanish
At the start of my tour, Margaret took me to her workshop, where she demonstrated how the Callanish stone circles were designed to be ellipses-not just poorly made circle-and how the stones were erected. She even let me hold a 4,000-year-old arrowhead-a tiny remnant of the prehistoric people who lived on this island. Mind-boggling!. Later, we ambled through Callanish I, the main stone ellipsis, which Margaret calls both a stone-age computer (because it marks solar and lunar events) and a community center (because it was a gathering place for singing, dancing, and burying the dead).. In a way, Callanish is still a community center-of World Heritage Site calibre. Over the days, I heard visitors from several continents speaking various languages, and I watched children have foot-races down the stone-lined avenue, the ancient entryway to the main circle. I saw photographers and artists capturing images of the stones on paper or in digital format. Couples paused to kiss. Baaing sheep gazed over ...
https://www.laurelkallenbach.com/lkblog/tag/callanish/
June 2019 - Sweet Earth Organic FarmJune 2019 - Sweet Earth Organic Farm
In the event that you conform to these headings you can do a similar point. Simply agree to the 4 straightforward strides to fabulous free publicizing and promoting! Compose and put your ads at cost-free on-line advertisement locales. Track your cost-free publicizing and showcasing with your own one of a kind clear entrance site and cost-free details react to. Mastermind your showcasing effort with Ad wizard. Regularly showcase at the absolutely free promotion destinations that are making hits to your portal web webpage. With the exclusion of Ad wizard, each seemingly insignificant detail you requirement for a viable complimentary promoting effort is accessible cost-free on the web comprising of the considerable number of assets you ought to make your own simple passage web website to follow your complimentary ads with free classifieds.. When you realize which thoroughly free promotion sites are creating site traffic to your entryway site, after that it is just an issue of every now and again ...
http://www.sweetearthorganicfarm.com/2019/06
Project: Write your own eulogy!Project: Write your own eulogy!
You know what sometimes makes me a little sad? If you ride SEPTA you know the strangely accented woman who voices the stops on the Broad Street line. A couple years ago I became hyper aware of the particular announcement she gives just before the metal entryway slides shut and the car starts to pull…
https://swimpony.org/2013/03/01/project-write-your-own-eulogy/
D-ALANINE (2,3-13C2, 99%) - Creative ProteomicsD-ALANINE (2,3-13C2, 99%) - Creative Proteomics
Creative-Proteomics offer cas 338-69-2 D-ALANINE (2,3-13C2, 99%). We are specialized in manufacturing Stabel Isotope Labeled Analytical Standard products.
https://www.creative-proteomics.com/product/detail-cpil100340_29403.htm
D-ALANINE (3-13C, 99%) - Creative ProteomicsD-ALANINE (3-13C, 99%) - Creative Proteomics
Creative-Proteomics offer cas 338-69-2 D-ALANINE (3-13C, 99%). We are specialized in manufacturing Stabel Isotope Labeled Analytical Standard products.
https://www.creative-proteomics.com/product/detail-cpil101562_29366.htm
D-alanine | Ligand page | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGYD-alanine | Ligand page | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY
The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology. D-alanine ligand page. Quantitative data and detailed annnotation of the targets of licensed and experimental drugs.
https://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?ligandId=4678
Diaminopimelate decarboxylaseDiaminopimelate decarboxylase
DAPDC is a PLP-dependent enzyme belonging to the alanine racemase family. This enzyme is generally dimeric with each monomer ... "Functional classification of amino acid decarboxylases from the alanine racemase structural family by phylogenetic studies". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaminopimelate_decarboxylase
CiclosporinCiclosporin
The racemization of L-Ala to D-Ala by alanine racemase is pyridoxal phosphate-dependent. The formation of butenyl-methyl-L- ... Of these 12 genes, SimA (Q09164) is the cyclosporin synthetase, SimB (CAA02484.1) is the alanine racemase, and SimG (similar to ... di Salvo ML, Florio R, Paiardini A, Vivoli M, D'Aguanno S, Contestabile R (January 2013). "Alanine racemase from Tolypocladium ... Cyclosporin synthetase substrates include L-valine, L-leucine, L-alanine, glycine, 2-aminobutyric acid, 4-methylthreonine, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclosporin
Tolypocladium inflatumTolypocladium inflatum
The expression levels of alanine racemase affects the level of cyclosporine production by T. inflatum. Ciclosporin A was first ... "Alanine racemase from Tolypocladium inflatum: A key PLP-dependent enzyme in cyclosporin biosynthesis and a model of catalytic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolypocladium_inflatum
Pyridoxal phosphatePyridoxal phosphate
AlaP (alanine phosphonate) inhibits alanine racemases, but its lack of specificity has prompted further designs of ALR ... Fold Type I - aspartate aminotransferase family Fold Type II - tryptophan synthase family Fold Type III - alanine racemase ... 2011). Ahmed N (ed.). "New classes of alanine racemase inhibitors identified by high-throughput screening show antimicrobial ... liver cysteine desulfhydrase activity disappears and serine and threonine dehydrase and alanine glutamate transaminase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridoxal_phosphate
D-threonine aldolaseD-threonine aldolase
"Threonine aldolase and alanine racemase: novel examples of convergent evolution in the superfamily of vitamin B6-dependent ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-threonine_aldolase
Dan T. MajorDan T. Major
"A Combined Quantum Mechanical and Molecular Mechanical Study of the Reaction Mechanism and α-Amino Acidity in Alanine Racemase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_T._Major
ExosporiumExosporium
Seven proteins have been identified in washed exosporium: alanine racemase, inosine hydrolase, ExsF, CotY, ExsY, CotB, and a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosporium
Serine dehydrataseSerine dehydratase
D-alanine aminotransferase family and the alanine racemase family. An example of the evolutionary similarity in the Beta family ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serine_dehydratase
Orientia tsutsugamushiOrientia tsutsugamushi
... alr encodes an enzyme L-alanine racemase, which converts L-alanine to D-alanine in the first step of peptidoglycan synthesis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientia_tsutsugamushi
CycloserineCycloserine
... alanine racemase (Alr) and D-alanine:D-alanine ligase (Ddl). The first enzyme is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme ... Lambert MP, Neuhaus FC (June 1972). "Mechanism of D-cycloserine action: alanine racemase from Escherichia coli W". Journal of ... If both of these enzymes are inhibited, then D-alanine residues cannot form and previously formed D-alanine molecules cannot be ... Prosser GA, de Carvalho LP (February 2013). "Kinetic mechanism and inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis D-alanine:D-alanine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloserine
List of MeSH codes (D08)List of MeSH codes (D08)
... alanine racemase MeSH D08.811.399.894.500 - carbohydrate epimerases MeSH D08.811.399.894.500.700 - UDP-glucose 4-epimerase MeSH ... beta-alanine-pyruvate transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.347 - d-alanine transaminase MeSH D08.811.913.477.700.470 - ... alanine-tRNA ligase MeSH D08.811.464.263.200.100 - arginine-tRNA ligase MeSH D08.811.464.263.200.150 - aspartate-tRNA ligase ... alanine dehydrogenase MeSH D08.811.682.664.500.125 - d-amino-acid oxidase MeSH D08.811.682.664.500.261 - d-aspartate oxidase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D08)
List of EC numbers (EC 5)List of EC numbers (EC 5)
EC 5.1.1.1: alanine racemase EC 5.1.1.2: methionine racemase EC 5.1.1.3: glutamate racemase EC 5.1.1.4: proline racemase EC 5.1 ... allantoin racemase EC 5.1.99.4: a-methylacyl-CoA racemase EC 5.1.99.5: hydantoin racemase EC 5.1.99.6: NAD(P)H-hydrate ... serine racemase EC 5.1.2.1: lactate racemase EC 5.1.2.2: mandelate racemase EC 5.1.2.3: 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA epimerase EC 5.1. ... arginine racemase EC 5.1.1.10: amino-acid racemase EC 5.1.1.11: phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolysing) EC 5.1.1.12: ornithine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_5)
Enterococcus faecalisEnterococcus faecalis
D-alanine-D-serine ligase, alanine racemase, phosphate acetyltransferase, NADH peroxidase,Phosphopantetheine ... Glutamate racemase, hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase, topoisomerase DNA gyrase B, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enterococcus_faecalis
AlanineAlanine
Fermentation routes to L-alanine are complicated by alanine racemase. Racemic alanine can be prepared by the condensation of ... is so-called alanine scanning, where every position in turn is mutated to alanine. Hydrogenation of alanine give the amino ... forming alanine and α-ketoglutarate. The alanine enters the bloodstream, and is transported to the liver. The alanine ... Alanine is an aliphatic amino acid, because the side-chain connected to the α-carbon atom is a methyl group (-CH3); alanine is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanine
Aspartate racemaseAspartate racemase
It was then determined that aspartate racemase also racemizes L-alanine around half as quickly as it does L-aspartate, but does ... proline racemase, and hydroxyproline-2-epimerase. Mammalian aspartate racemase, in contrast with bacterial aspartate racemase, ... First, D-aspartate is isomerized to L-aspartate by aspartate racemase, followed by decarboxylation to form L-alanine. D-amino ... Notably, aspartate racemase in E. coli is also able to catalyze the racemization of glutamate. In 2004, an aspartate racemase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspartate_racemase
Alanine racemaseAlanine racemase
... can be found in some invertebrates. Bacteria can have one (alr gene) or two alanine racemase genes. Bacterial ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is alanine racemase. This enzyme is also called L-alanine racemase. This enzyme ... The D-alanine produced by alanine racemase is used for peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Peptidoglycan is found in the cell walls of ... In enzymology, an alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-alanine ⇌ {\displaystyle \ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanine_racemase
Category:Protein pages needing a pictureCategory:Protein pages needing a picture
Alanine racemase. *Alanine transaminase. *Alcohol dehydrogenase. *Aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase. *Aldehyde oxidase. * ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Protein_pages_needing_a_picture
Epimerase and racemaseEpimerase and racemase
Human epimerases include methylmalonyl-CoA epimerase, involved in the metabolic breakdown of the amino acids alanine, ... Racemases catalyze the stereochemical inversion around the asymmetric carbon atom in a substrate having only one center of ... Epimerases and racemases are isomerase enzymes that catalyze the inversion of stereochemistry in biological molecules. ... medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/racemase http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/epimerase Entry+Term+ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epimerase_and_racemase
D-Amino acidD-Amino acid
The D-alanine in peptidoglycans that comprise bacterial cell walls helps its host resist attack by proteolytic enzymes. Several ... D-Amino-acid racemase, a PLP-dependent enzyme, racemizes amino acids via the formation of the alpha-iminoacids, where the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-amino_acids
D-Amino acidD-Amino acid
D-alanine. L-alanine. L- and D-amino acids are usually enantiomers. The exceptions are two amino acids with two stereogenic ... D-Amino-acid racemase, a PLP-dependent enzyme, racemizes amino acids via the formation of the alpha-iminoacids, where the ... The D-alanine in peptidoglycans that comprise bacterial cell walls helps its host resist attack by proteolytic enzymes. Several ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-Amino_acid
NMDA receptorNMDA receptor
Some known NMDA receptor agonists include: Alanine (D-alanine, L-alanine) - endogenous glycine site agonist Aspartic acid ( ... It is produced by serine racemase, and is enriched in the same areas as NMDA receptors. Removal of D-serine can block NMDA- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NMDA_receptor
D-amino-acid transaminaseD-amino-acid transaminase
Other names in common use include D-aspartate transaminase, D-alanine aminotransferase, D-aspartic aminotransferase, D-alanine- ... "Characterization of the genes encoding D-amino acid transaminase and glutamate racemase, two D-glutamate biosynthetic enzymes ... In enzymology, a D-amino-acid transaminase (EC 2.6.1.21) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction: D-alanine + 2- ... Martinez-Carrion M, Jenkins WT (1965). "D-Alanine-D-glutamate transaminase. I. Purification and characterization". J. Biol. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-amino-acid_transaminase
List of enzymesList of enzymes
EC 5.1.1 Amino-acid racemase: Phenylalanine racemase (ATP-hydrolysing) Serine racemase Category:EC 5.1.2 Mandelate racemase ... EC 2.6.1 Alanine transaminase EC 2.6.1.2 Aspartate transaminase EC 2.6.1.1 Category:EC 2.7.2 Butyrate kinase (EC 2.7.2.7) EC ... D-alanine-D-alanyl-carrier protein ligase EC 6.2.1.55: E1 SAMP-activating enzyme Glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) ... EC 3.4.11 Alanine aminopeptidase Category:EC 3.4.15 Angiotensin converting enzyme Category:EC 3.4.21 Serine protease ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_enzymes
Glutamic acidGlutamic acid
Examples are as follows: Alanine + α-ketoglutarate ⇌ pyruvate + glutamate Aspartate + α-ketoglutarate ⇌ oxaloacetate + ... which can manufacture it from the l form with the enzyme glutamate racemase) and the liver of mammals. Although they occur ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid
Non-proteinogenic amino acidsNon-proteinogenic amino acids
Examples include β-alanine, GABA, and δ-aminolevulinic acid. β-alanine: an amino acid produced by aspartate 1-decarboxylase and ... serine racemase from vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174". Molecular Microbiology. 31 (6): 1653-1664. doi: ... alanine aminoisobutyric acid dehydroalanine A subset of L-α-amino acids are ambiguous as to which of two ends is the α-carbon. ... This compound is similar to alanine, but possesses an additional methyl group on the α-carbon instead of a hydrogen. It is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-proteinogenic_amino_acids
List of enzymesList of enzymes
Category:EC 5.1 (racemases and epimerases)Edit. *Category:EC 5.1.1. *Amino-acid racemase: Phenylalanine racemase (ATP- ... EC 6.2.1.54: [[D-alanine--[D-alanyl-carrier protein] ligase]]. *EC 6.2.1.55: [[E1 SAMP-activating enzyme] ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_enzymes
MorpheeinMorpheein
Ashiuchi, M.; Kuwana, E; Yamamoto, T; Komatsu, K; Soda, K; Misono, H (2002). "Glutamate Racemase is an Endogenous DNA Gyrase ... Schulz, Ju¨Rgen; Sparmann, Gisela; Hofmann, Eberhard (1975). "Alanine-mediated reversible inactivation of tumour pyruvate ... Ashiuchi, M.; Tani, K.; Soda, K.; Misono, H. (1998). "Properties of Glutamate Racemase from Bacillus subtilis IFO 3336 ... 2007). "Structural and Functional Analysis of Two Glutamate Racemase Isozymes from Bacillus anthracis and Implications for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morpheein
Glutamic acidGlutamic acid
Alanine + α-ketoglutarate ⇌ pyruvate + glutamate. Aspartate + α-ketoglutarate ⇌ oxaloacetate + glutamate. Both pyruvate and ... l form with the enzyme glutamate racemase) and the liver of mammals.[10][11] ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glutamic_acid
Alanine racemase - WikipediaAlanine racemase - Wikipedia
Alanine racemase can be found in some invertebrates. Bacteria can have one (alr gene) or two alanine racemase genes. Bacterial ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is alanine racemase. This enzyme is also called L-alanine racemase. This enzyme ... The D-alanine produced by alanine racemase is used for peptidoglycan biosynthesis. Peptidoglycan is found in the cell walls of ... In enzymology, an alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-alanine ⇌ {\displaystyle \ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alanine_racemase
alanine racemase [Frankia sp. CcI3] - Protein - NCBIalanine racemase [Frankia sp. CcI3] - Protein - NCBI
alanine racemase [Frankia sp. CcI3]. * This record was replaced or removed. The sequence YP_479735 is 100% identical to WP_ ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/protein/86739335
Species: Alanine racemase, N-terminal (IPR001608) | InterPro | EMBL-EBISpecies: Alanine racemase, N-terminal (IPR001608) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
Species: Alanine racemase, N-terminal (IPR001608). Key Species. Key species. Number of proteins. FASTA. Protein IDs. ...
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR001608/taxonomy
Alanine racemase, pyridoxal-phosphate attachment site (IPR020622) | InterPro | EMBL-EBIAlanine racemase, pyridoxal-phosphate attachment site (IPR020622) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
Short name: Ala_racemase_pyridoxalP-BS Description. Alanine racemase catalyses the pyridoxal-dependent conversion of L-alanine ... amino acid racemase is structurally and functionally related to alanine racemase. The 3D-structure of the dimeric alanine ... functions in L-alanine catabolism. By contrast with dadB and alr, both of which are monomeric enzymes, the alanine racemase of ... This pattern signature contains the lysine residue of alanine racemase that acts as the attachment site for the pyridoxal- ...
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR020622
RCSB PDB - Protein Feature View - Alanine racemase - Q4ADX2 (Q4ADX2 PSEFL)RCSB PDB - Protein Feature View - Alanine racemase - Q4ADX2 (Q4ADX2 PSEFL)
Catalyzes the interconversion of L-alanine and D-alanine. May also act on other amino acids. UniProt ...
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/protein/Q4ADX2
RCSB PDB - 1L6F: Alanine racemase bound with N-(5-phosphopyridoxyl)-L-alanineRCSB PDB - 1L6F: Alanine racemase bound with N-(5'-phosphopyridoxyl)-L-alanine
Alanine racemase bound with N-(5-phosphopyridoxyl)-L-alanine. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb1L6F/pdb ... The crystal structures of alanine racemase bound with reaction intermediate analogs, N-(5-phosphopyridoxyl)-L-alanine (PLP-L- ... The crystal structures of alanine racemase bound with reaction intermediate analogs, N-(5-phosphopyridoxyl)-L-alanine (PLP-L- ... alanine racemase. A, B. 388. Geobacillus stearothermophilus. Mutation(s): 1 Gene Names: alr, dal. EC: 5.1.1.1. ...
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1L6F
WikiGenes - dadX - alanine racemaseWikiGenes - dadX - alanine racemase
Cloning of alanine racemase genes from Pseudomonas fluorescens strains and oligomerization states of gene products expressed in ... Identification of the dadX gene coding for the predominant isozyme of alanine racemase in Escherichia coli K12. Wild, J., ... Mutant analysis shows that alanine racemases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli are dimeric. Strych, U., Benedik ... The pathogenicity island begins 7 bp downstream of dadX (catabolic alanine racemase; 26.55 min) and ends at a position in the K ...
https://www.wikigenes.org/e/gene/e/3994254.html
IUCr) Crystallization and preliminary X-ray study of a thermostable alanine racemase from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis MB4....IUCr) Crystallization and preliminary X-ray study of a thermostable alanine racemase from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis MB4....
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray study of a thermostable alanine racemase from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis MB4. ...
https://journals.iucr.org/f/issues/2013/11/00/nj9193/index.html
Silica-immobilized His(6)-tagged enzyme : Alanine racemase in hydrophobic solventSilica-immobilized His(6)-tagged enzyme : Alanine racemase in hydrophobic solvent
The enzyme Alanine racemase (AlaR) from Geobacillus stearothermophilus was cloned, overexpressed and then immobilized on a ... Silica-immobilized His(6)-tagged enzyme: Alanine racemase in hydrophobic solvent. Cassimjee, Karim Engelmark KTH, School of ...
http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:335319
Alanine Racemase from Staphylococcus aureus: Conformation of Its Substrates and Its Inhibitor, D-Cycloserine | Molecular...Alanine Racemase from Staphylococcus aureus: Conformation of Its Substrates and Its Inhibitor, D-Cycloserine | Molecular...
Alanine Racemase from Staphylococcus aureus: Conformation of Its Substrates and Its Inhibitor, D-Cycloserine. ULDIS ROZE and ... Alanine Racemase from Staphylococcus aureus: Conformation of Its Substrates and Its Inhibitor, D-Cycloserine. ULDIS ROZE and ... Alanine Racemase from Staphylococcus aureus: Conformation of Its Substrates and Its Inhibitor, D-Cycloserine. ULDIS ROZE and ... D-Cycloserine is a competitive inhibitor of alanine racemase for which its Ki is 100 times smaller than the Km for either of ...
http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/2/1/92
New Classes of Alanine Racemase Inhibitors Identified by High-Throughput Screening Show Antimicrobial Activity against...New Classes of Alanine Racemase Inhibitors Identified by High-Throughput Screening Show Antimicrobial Activity against...
Alanine racemase and L-alanine dehydrogenase assay adaptation to 384-well format. The coupled alanine racemase assay of Esaki ... The first assay is based on the Esaki and Walsh reaction where the conversion of D-alanine to L-alanine by alanine racemase is ... The assay was modified by varying the concentrations of alanine racemase, D-alanine, NAD, and L-alanine dehydrogenase in a ... alanine racemase plays an essential role in cell wall synthesis as it racemizes L-alanine into D-alanine, a key building block ...
http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC3102704/?lang=en-ca
Alanine racemase elisa and antibodyAlanine racemase elisa and antibody
Recombinant Protein and Alanine racemase Antibody at MyBioSource. Custom ELISA Kit, Recombinant Protein and Antibody are ... Alanine racemase 1. Alanine racemase 1 ELISA Kit. Alanine racemase 1 Recombinant. Alanine racemase 1 Antibody. Catalyzes the ... Alanine racemase 2. Alanine racemase 2 ELISA Kit. Alanine racemase 2 Recombinant. Alanine racemase 2 Antibody. Catalyzes the ... Alanine racemase 3. Alanine racemase 3 ELISA Kit. Alanine racemase 3 Recombinant. Alanine racemase 3 Antibody. Catalyzes the ...
https://www.mybiosource.com/protein_family.php?root=alanine-racemase
l-Threonine aldolase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase and fungal alanine racemase. A subgroup of strictly related enzymes...l-Threonine aldolase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase and fungal alanine racemase. A subgroup of strictly related enzymes...
The construction of three-dimensional homology models of l-threonine aldolase from E. coli and alanine racemase from ... fungal alanine racemase, an extremely close relative of l-threonine aldolase, also appears to be a member of the same subgroup ... racemase, aminotransferase and decarboxylase reactions. This apparent lack of specificity is probably a consequence of the ... l-Threonine aldolase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase and fungal alanine racemase. A subgroup of strictly related enzymes ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/l-Threonine-aldolase%2C-serine-and-fungal-alanine-A-Contestabile-Paiardini/f0756bf07facb8927715710bbed6ab2b15ed2749
Alanine racemase C-terminal domain-like superfamilyAlanine racemase C-terminal domain-like superfamily
The SCOP classification for the Alanine racemase C-terminal domain-like superfamily including the families contained in it. ... Alanine racemase plays a role in providing the D-alanine required for cell wall biosynthesis by isomerising L-alanine to D- ... Alanine racemase. 0. 2.652. --. DIRECT. Enzyme Commission (EC). Carboxynorspermidine decarboxylase. 0.00000004634. 2.652. --. ... Alanine racemase C-terminal domain-like superfamily. SCOP classification Root: SCOP hierarchy in SUPERFAMILY [. 0] (11) ...
http://supfam.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/scop.cgi?sunid=50621
Molecular dynamics studies of alanine racemase: A structural model for drug designMolecular dynamics studies of alanine racemase: A structural model for drug design
... *Gabriela Iurcu Mustata, Thereza A. Soares ...
https://www.growkudos.com/publications/10.1002%25252Fbip.10425/reader
Alanine racemase-like, N-terminal domain familyAlanine racemase-like, N-terminal domain family
The SCOP classification for the Alanine racemase-like, N-terminal domain family. Additional information, provided for both this ... Alanine racemase-like, N-terminal domain family. SCOP classification Root: SCOP hierarchy in SUPERFAMILY [. 0] (11) ... Racemases and epimerases. 0. Informative. Direct. Enzyme Commission (EC). Acting on amino acids and derivatives. 0. Highly ... Racemases and epimerases. 0. Informative. Direct. Enzyme Commission (EC). Acting on amino acids and derivatives. 0. Highly ...
http://supfam.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/SUPERFAMILY/cgi-bin/scop.cgi?sunid=51420
Essentiality of Mycobacterium tuberculosis D-alanine racemase - Ofelia ChaconEssentiality of Mycobacterium tuberculosis D-alanine racemase - Ofelia Chacon
... we expect to determine the relevance of D-alanine racemase and related pathways of D-alanine biosynthesis to serve as targets ... The enzyme Dalanine racemase (Alr) catalyzes the primary route of D-alanine biosynthesis in mycobacteria and the alr gene is ... D-alanine plays a role in the cross-linking of nascent PG strands and our central hypothesis is that D-alanine is an essential ... Essentiality of Mycobacterium tuberculosis D-alanine racemase Chacon, Ofelia University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, ...
https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R21-AI087561-02
Identification of a new alanine racemase in Salmonella Enteritidis and its contribution to pathogenesis | Gut Pathogens | Full...Identification of a new alanine racemase in Salmonella Enteritidis and its contribution to pathogenesis | Gut Pathogens | Full...
We have shown SEN3897 to function as a unique alanine racemase in S. Enteritidis which displayed essential alanine racemase ... However, Alr complementation in d-alanine auxotrophic strain restored the alanine racemase deficiency. The Km and Vmax of ... alanine racemase is a key enzyme facilitating bacterial survival. This study aims at understanding the contribution of alanine ... This study identified a third alanine racemase gene unique in S. Enteritidis which had a potential effect on survival and ...
https://gutpathogens.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13099-018-0257-6
S. aureus alanine racemase: A target for structure-based drug designS. aureus alanine racemase: "A target for structure-based drug design"
There are two alanine racemase isozymes in S. aureus; Alr, which is constitutively expressed, and a catabolic alanine racemase ... and had the weakest affinity for both enantiomers of alanine out of all the published alanine racemases. Interestingly, the ... S. aureus alanine racemase: "A target for structure-based drug design". Scaletti, Emma Rose ... Cite this item: Scaletti, E. R. (2014). S. aureus alanine racemase: A target for structure-based drug design (Thesis, Doctor ...
https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/handle/10523/4879
Structural insights into the alanine racemase from Enterococcus faecalis<...Structural insights into the alanine racemase from Enterococcus faecalis<...
title = "Structural insights into the alanine racemase from Enterococcus faecalis",. abstract = "Alanine racemase (AlaR) is a ... N2 - Alanine racemase (AlaR) is a bacterial enzyme that belongs to the fold-type III group of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)- ... AB - Alanine racemase (AlaR) is a bacterial enzyme that belongs to the fold-type III group of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)- ... Alanine racemase (AlaR) is a bacterial enzyme that belongs to the fold-type III group of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent ...
https://koreauniv.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/structural-insights-into-the-alanine-racemase-from-enterococcus-f
The X-ray Crystal Structure of Alanine Racemase from Acinetobacter baumanniiThe X-ray Crystal Structure of Alanine Racemase from Acinetobacter baumannii
Alanine racemase is a pyridoxal 5-phosphate dependent enzyme, responsible for racemisation between enantiomers of alanine. As ... Cite this item: Davis, E. (2015). The X-ray Crystal Structure of Alanine Racemase from Acinetobacter baumannii (Thesis, Master ... The Vmax and Km for the L-alanine to D-alanine reaction were found to be 220.5 U/mg and 1.56 mM, respectively. The Vmax and Km ... In this study, A. baumannii alanine racemase (AlrAba) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. A purification protocol was ...
https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/handle/10523/5571
Active site of A. baumannii alanine racemase. (a) 2Fo | Open-iActive site of A. baumannii alanine racemase. (a) 2Fo | Open-i
... baumannii alanine racemase. (a) 2Fo− Fc electron-density map of the active site contoured at 1.0σ with isomesh map shown (1.6 Å ... The structure of alanine racemase from Acinetobacter baumannii. Davis E, Scaletti-Hutchinson E, Opel-Reading H, Nakatani Y, ... The structure of alanine racemase from Acinetobacter baumannii. Davis E, Scaletti-Hutchinson E, Opel-Reading H, Nakatani Y, ... fig5: Active site of A. baumannii alanine racemase. (a) 2Fo− Fc electron-density map of the active site contoured at 1.0σ with ...
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4157418_f-70-01199-fig5&req=4
nature.com searchnature.com search
Function of alanine racemase in the physiological activity and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans *Shiyu Liu ... Alanine racemase is essential for the growth and interspecies competitiveness of Streptococcus mutans *Yuan Wei ... Rights & permissionsfor article Function of alanine racemase in the physiological activity and cariogenicity of ,i, ... Rights & permissionsfor article Alanine racemase is essential for the growth and interspecies competitiveness of ,i, ...
https://www.nature.com/search?author=%22Yuan-Yuan%20Wei%22&error=cookies_not_supported&code=d55debca-1b0b-4c67-87cc-6eab51000466
nature.com searchnature.com search
Alanine racemase is essential for the growth and interspecies competitiveness of Streptococcus mutans *Yuan Wei ... Rights & permissionsfor article Alanine racemase is essential for the growth and interspecies competitiveness of ,i, ...
https://www.nature.com/search?author=%22Yao%20Li%22&error=cookies_not_supported&code=4edbfcb5-8c43-4c05-ab18-15ef7d430f5d
A eukaryotic alanine racemase gene involved in cyclic peptide biosynthesis<...A eukaryotic alanine racemase gene involved in cyclic peptide biosynthesis<...
A eukaryotic alanine racemase gene involved in cyclic peptide biosynthesis. / Cheng, Yi Qiang; Walton, Jonathan D. ... A eukaryotic alanine racemase gene involved in cyclic peptide biosynthesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 2000 Feb 18;275(7 ... Cheng, Y. Q., & Walton, J. D. (2000). A eukaryotic alanine racemase gene involved in cyclic peptide biosynthesis. Journal of ... Cheng, Yi Qiang ; Walton, Jonathan D. / A eukaryotic alanine racemase gene involved in cyclic peptide biosynthesis. In: Journal ...
https://experts.unthsc.edu/en/publications/a-eukaryotic-alanine-racemase-gene-involved-in-cyclic-peptide-bio
SWISS-MODEL Template Library | 6q70.1SWISS-MODEL Template Library | 6q70.1
Crystal structure of the alanine racemase Bsu17640 from Bacillus subtilis in the presence of HEPES ... Crystal structure of the alanine racemase Bsu17640 from Bacillus subtilis in the presence of HEPES. Coordinates. PDB Format ... Bernardo-Garcia, N. et al., Cold-induced aldimine bond cleavage by Tris in Bacillus subtilis alanine racemase. Org.Biomol.Chem ...
https://swissmodel.expasy.org/templates/6q70
Characterization of Lactobacillus salivarius alanine racemase: short-chain carboxylate-activation and the role of A131<...Characterization of Lactobacillus salivarius alanine racemase: short-chain carboxylate-activation and the role of A131<...
... l-alanine (100d/d, l-alanine). We characterized the L. salivarius alanine racemase (ALR) likely responsible for this d-alanine ... l-alanine (100d/d, l-alanine). We characterized the L. salivarius alanine racemase (ALR) likely responsible for this d-alanine ... l-alanine (100d/d, l-alanine). We characterized the L. salivarius alanine racemase (ALR) likely responsible for this d-alanine ... l-alanine (100d/d, l-alanine). We characterized the L. salivarius alanine racemase (ALR) likely responsible for this d-alanine ...
https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/characterization-of-lactobacillus-salivarius-alanine-racemase-sho
Thermostable Alanine Racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: Molecular Cloning of the Gene, Enzyme Purification, and...Thermostable Alanine Racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus: Molecular Cloning of the Gene, Enzyme Purification, and...
A coupled assay method with L-alanine dehydrogenase and tetrazolium salts was used to detect visually the alanine racemase ... A coupled assay method with L-alanine dehydrogenase and tetrazolium salts was used to detect visually the alanine racemase ... A coupled assay method with L-alanine dehydrogenase and tetrazolium salts was used to detect visually the alanine racemase ... A coupled assay method with L-alanine dehydrogenase and tetrazolium salts was used to detect visually the alanine racemase ...
https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/thermostable-alanine-racemase-from-bacillus-stearothermophilus-mo
SWISS-MODEL Repository | A0QKR9SWISS-MODEL Repository | A0QKR9
Alanine racemase UniProtKBInterProInteractive Modelling. 388 aa; Sequence (Fasta) Identical sequences: Mycobacterium avium: ... Alanine racemase, N-terminal. IPR001608PF01168. 252-380. Alanine racemase, C-terminal. IPR011079PF00842. ...
https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/A0QKR9
D-Serine metabolism in C6 glioma cells: Involvement of alanine-serine-cysteine transporter (ASCT2) and serine racemase (SRR)...D-Serine metabolism in C6 glioma cells: Involvement of alanine-serine-cysteine transporter (ASCT2) and serine racemase (SRR)...
... in which the alanine-serine-cysteine transporter ASCT2 is implicated. Here we report studies in C6 glioma cells, which ... It is synthesized from L-serine by serine racemase (SRR), but many aspects of its metabolism remain unclear, especially in the ... D-Serine metabolism in C6 glioma cells: Involvement of alanine-serine-cysteine transporter (ASCT2) and serine racemase (SRR) ... D-Serine metabolism in C6 glioma cells: Involvement of alanine-serine-cysteine transporter (ASCT2) and serine racemase (SRR) ...
https://www.scni.ox.ac.uk/publications/60369
EnzymeBacillusBiosynthesisThermostable alanine racemaseSubstratePyridoxalMycobacteriumInhibitorsGeneCharacterization of Alanine racemasePseudomonasStructuralGenesSerineBaumannii alanine racemaseCatabolic alanine racemaseBacterial alanine racemasesProteinCycloserineEnzymesMetabolismCatalyzesReactionEpimerasesCrystal structureColiInhibitorDecarboxylaseIsozymeSupplementationBacteriaCofactorSynthesisInterconversionStrainAcinetobacterAcidMycobacteriaAbsenceDehydrogenase
Enzyme37
  • In enzymology, an alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-alanine ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } D-alanine Hence, this enzyme has one substrate, L-alanine, and one product, D-alanine. (wikipedia.org)
  • This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerases, specifically those racemases and epimerases acting on amino acids and derivatives. (wikipedia.org)
  • The systematic name of this enzyme class is alanine racemase. (wikipedia.org)
  • This enzyme is also called L-alanine racemase. (wikipedia.org)
  • This enzyme participates in alanine and aspartate metabolism and D-alanine metabolism. (wikipedia.org)
  • At least two compounds, 3-Fluoro-D-alanine and D-Cycloserine are known to inhibit this enzyme. (wikipedia.org)
  • The enzyme is absent in higher eukaryotes but found everywhere in prokaryotes, making alanine racemase a great target for antimicrobial drug development. (wikipedia.org)
  • The enzyme Alanine racemase (AlaR) from Geobacillus stearothermophilus was cloned, overexpressed and then immobilized on a silica-coated thin-layer chromatography plate to create an enzyme surface. (diva-portal.org)
  • To obtain non-substrate alanine racemase inhibitors, we developed a high-throughput screening platform and screened 53,000 small molecule compounds for enzyme-specific inhibitors. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • We identified seventeen novel non-substrate alanine racemase inhibitors that are structurally different than any currently known enzyme inhibitors. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • This enzyme catalyzes the racemization of L-alanine to D-alanine, which is an essential precursor for the pentapeptide cross-bridge of the peptidoglycan layer in bacterial cell wall [15] , [16] . (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • The enzyme Dalanine racemase (Alr) catalyzes the primary route of D-alanine biosynthesis in mycobacteria and the alr gene is dispensable for growth in Mycobacterium smegmatis, even in the absence of D-alanine. (grantome.com)
  • An important player, alanine racemase is a key enzyme facilitating bacterial survival. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Alanine racemase (Alr) is a pyridoxal-5'-phosphate dependent enzyme which catalyzes reversible racemization between enantiomers of alanine. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Current Alr inhibitors such as D-cycloserine are reminiscent of the alanine substrate and inhibit the enzyme by binding covalently to the enzymes' PLP cofactor. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Comparison of AlrSas with various alanine racemases demonstrated a conserved overall fold with the enzyme sharing most similarity with those from other Gram-positive bacteria. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Alanine racemase (AlaR) is a bacterial enzyme that belongs to the fold-type III group of pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes. (elsevier.com)
  • Alanine racemase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent enzyme, responsible for racemisation between enantiomers of alanine. (otago.ac.nz)
  • We characterized the L. salivarius alanine racemase (ALR) likely responsible for this d-alanine production and found that the enzyme was activated by carboxylates, which is an unique characteristic among ALRs. (elsevier.com)
  • At the optimum temperature (50 °C), the enzyme has a specific activity of 1800 units/mg (V max , D-to L-alanine). (elsevier.com)
  • Resolution and reconsititution experiments together with the absorption spectrum of the enzyme clearly indicate that alanine racemase of B. stearothermophilus is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate enzyme. (elsevier.com)
  • It is synthesized from L-serine by serine racemase (SRR), but many aspects of its metabolism remain unclear, especially in the forebrain, which lacks active D-amino acid oxidase (DAO), the major D-serine degradative enzyme. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The enzyme was therefore designated Ala/Ser racemase (ASR). (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • The fold-type III PLP-dependent enzyme family is primarily comprised of decarboxylases and alanine racemases. (springer.com)
  • In the development of a multiple structural alignment database (3DM) for the enzyme family, a large subset of 5666 uncharacterized proteins with high structural, but low sequence similarity to alanine racemase and decarboxylases was found. (springer.com)
  • Azam MA, Jayaram U (2016) Inhibitors of alanine racemase enzyme: a review. (springer.com)
  • In the second step, the amino group of the newly-formed glutamate is transferred to pyruvate by an aminotransferase enzyme, regenerating the α-ketoglutarate, and converting the pyruvate to alanine. (wikipedia.org)
  • The addition of UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine, an activator of the E.coli enzyme affected the CD and fluorescence spectra of the E.coli enzyme. (nii.ac.jp)
  • The conformation of the E.coli enzyme is converted to a similar form to that of the Pediococcus enzyme by the addition of UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine. (nii.ac.jp)
  • The D-alanyl-d-alanine carboxypeptidase enzyme is essential for virulence in the Schu S4 strain of Francisella tularensis and a dacD mutant is able to provide protection against a pneumonic challenge. (bioportfolio.com)
  • It is synthesized by the enzyme-catalyzed condensation of β-alanine and pan. (bioportfolio.com)
  • The modified materials were used to specifically anchor a histidine tagged form of the enzyme, alanine racemase (HT-AlaR). (diva-portal.org)
  • With the D-alanine racemase enzyme, it is known that the drug forms a molecular bond with a chemical group required for the enzyme activity, stopping it from working. (newswise.com)
  • The researchers have observed, for the first time, how D-cycloserine inhibits the D-alanine-D-alanine ligase enzyme. (newswise.com)
  • In this new discovery, we see that D-cycloserine binds to the D-alanine-D-alanine ligase enzyme and becomes chemically modified on the enzyme. (newswise.com)
  • However, in E. coli , the physiologically relevant racemase activity is not carried out by CBL but by a different enzyme, alanine racemase (ALR), suggesting that the ra-ce-mase activity of CBL is vestigial and probably phy-siologically immaterial (Figure 1). (asmblog.org)
  • At 37°C, expression of each enzyme rescued an alanine ra-cemase knockout strain, E. coli MB2795, as quickly as expressing E. coli ALR itself. (asmblog.org)
Bacillus12
  • The structure of alanine racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (Geobacillus stearothermophilus) was determined by X-ray crystallography to a resolution of 1.9 A. The alanine racemase monomer is composed of two domains, an eight-stranded alpha/beta barrel at the N terminus, and a C-terminal domain essentially composed of beta-strand. (wikipedia.org)
  • The 3D-structure of the dimeric alanine racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus has been determined to a resolution of 1.9 A [ PMID: 9063881 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Determination of the structure of alanine racemase from Bacillus stearothermophilus at 1.9-A resolution. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Cold-induced aldimine bond cleavage by Tris in Bacillus subtilis alanine racemase. (expasy.org)
  • The alanine racemase (EC 5.1.1.1) gene of a thermophilic bacterium, Bacillus stearothermophilus, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli C600 with vector plasmid pICR301, which was constructed from pBR322 and the L-alanine dehydrogenase gene derived from B. stearothermophilus. (elsevier.com)
  • By coupling a dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) using an N -acylamino acid racemase (NAAAR) and an L-selective aminoacylase from Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius with a stereoselective isoleucine dioxygenase from Bacillus thuringiensis , diastereomerically pure oxidized amino acids were produced from racemic N -acetylamino acids. (frontiersin.org)
  • Limited Proteolysis of Thermostable Alanine Racemase of Bacillus stearothermophilus. (nii.ac.jp)
  • We studied the role of Lys39 of the thermostable alanine racemase of Bacillus stearothermophilus, which is bound to the cofactor, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) , and suggested this residue to be a catalytic base by site-directed mutagenesis. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Publications] Yoko Okubo: 'Alanine Racemase Gene Fragments as Probes for Detecting Bacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus in Foods. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Publications] Yoko Okubo: 'Characterization of Psychrophilic Alanine Racemase from Bacillus psychrosaccharolyticus'Biochem.Biophys.Res.Commun. (nii.ac.jp)
  • gerR , a novel ger operon involved in l-alanine- and inosine-initiated germination of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Chesnokova ON, McPherson SA, Steichen CT and Turnbough CL (2009) The spore‐specific alanine racemase of Bacillus anthracis and its role in suppressing germination during spore development. (els.net)
Biosynthesis16
  • The D-alanine produced by alanine racemase is used for peptidoglycan biosynthesis. (wikipedia.org)
  • In Mycobacterium tuberculosis , the causative agent of TB, alanine racemase plays an essential role in cell wall synthesis as it racemizes L-alanine into D-alanine, a key building block in the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
  • In this context, our long term goal is to perform molecular genetics and biochemical analyses of the D-alanine pathway of peptidoglycan biosynthesis in Mtb, identify drug targets, and develop novel, effective, safer inhibitors to treat TB in AIDS patients. (grantome.com)
  • Thus, for mycobacteria to survive, D-alanine must be provided in the growth medium and efficiently internalized, or made by endogenous biosynthesis. (grantome.com)
  • This project will also address the issue of whether or not there is an alternative pathway of D-alanine biosynthesis in Mtb, thus exploring the existence of a novel source of targets for further drug and/or vaccine development. (grantome.com)
  • As an outcome of the proposed studies, we expect to determine the relevance of D-alanine racemase and related pathways of D-alanine biosynthesis to serve as targets of drug design and/or vaccine development. (grantome.com)
  • AlaR catalyzes the interconversion between l- and d-alanine, which is important for peptidoglycan biosynthesis. (elsevier.com)
  • Cheng, YQ & Walton, JD 2000, ' A eukaryotic alanine racemase gene involved in cyclic peptide biosynthesis ', Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 275, no. 7, pp. 4906-4911. (unthsc.edu)
  • Impairment of d -alanine biosynthesis in Mycobacterium smegmatis determines decreased intracellular survival in human macrophages. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Alanine (symbol Ala or A) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alanine is one of the twenty canonical α-amino acids used as building blocks (monomers) for the ribosome-mediated biosynthesis of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • D-Alanine is a necessary precursor in the biosynthesis of cell wall in this bacterium. (proteinlounge.com)
  • Impairment of D-alanine biosynthesis in Mycobacterium smegmatis " by Ofelia Barletta-Chacon, Luiz E. Bermudez et al. (unl.edu)
  • The primary route of d-alanine biosynthesis in eubacteria is the enantiomeric conversion from l-alanine, a reaction catalyzed by d-alanine racemase (Alr). (unl.edu)
  • Mycobacterium smegmatis alr insertion mutants are not dependent on d-alanine for growth and display a metabolic pattern consistent with an alternative pathway for d-alanine biosynthesis. (unl.edu)
  • One such known en-zyme is E. coli 's cysta-thio-nine beta-lyase (CBL), which, in addition to being responsible for a late step in methionine biosynthesis (making homocysteine), also has alanine racemase activity (the in-terconversion of L- into the D-alanine required for peptidoglycan biosynthesis). (asmblog.org)
Thermostable alanine racemase1
  • IUCr) Crystallization and preliminary X-ray study of a thermostable alanine racemase from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis MB4. (iucr.org)
Substrate7
  • Comparison of AlrAba with alanine racemases from closely related bacteria demonstrated a conserved overall fold, substrate entryway and active site. (otago.ac.nz)
  • As D-alanine is an essential component of the bacterial cell wall, its inhibition is lethal to prokaryotes, making it an excellent antibiotic drug target.The substrate entryway and active site of the enzymes were shown to be highly conserved.The structure of AlrAba will provide the template required for future structure-based drug-design studies. (nih.gov)
  • We recently identified and characterized a novel broad substrate specificity amino acid racemase (BAR) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii OT-3. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • In this work, these four template proteins were solubly expressed in Escherichia coli , purified, and their substrate profiles were evaluated by HPLC analysis for racemase activity using a broader range of amino acids. (springer.com)
  • Broad specificity amino acid racemase (E.C. 5.1.1.10) from Pseudomonas putida IFO 12996 (BAR) is a unique racemase because of its broad substrate specificity. (semanticscholar.org)
  • First characterization of an archaeal amino acid racemase with broad substrate specificity from the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus horikoshii OT-3. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Crystalline amino acid racemase with low substrate specificity. (semanticscholar.org)
Pyridoxal5
  • Alanine racemase catalyses the pyridoxal-dependent conversion of L-alanine into D-alanine, a key component of bacterial peptidoglycan [ PMID: 2197992 ]. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • This pattern signature contains the lysine residue of alanine racemase that acts as the attachment site for the pyridoxal-phosphate group. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we detected pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent amino acid racemase activity in the protein encoded by PH0782. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • The structure showed significant similarity to type III pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent alanine racemases, which are essential for peptidoglycan synthesis. (asm.org)
  • It catalyzes the racemization of L-Alanine and D-Alanine, using Pyridoxal 5 -Phosphate (Vitamin-B6) as a cofactor and is involved in the reaction where L-Alanine is converted to D-Alanine i.e. the laevorotatory form of alanine is configured to dextrorotatory form. (proteinlounge.com)
Mycobacterium3
  • In order to get an unambiguous answer on the essentiality of Alr in Mycobacterium tuberculosis and validate it as a drug target in vitro and in vivo , we have inactivated the alr gene of M. tuberculosis and found that it was not possible to generate an alr knockout in the absence of a complementing gene copy or d -alanine in the growth medium. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Mycobacterium smegmatis d -alanine racemase mutants are not dependent on d -alanine for growth. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Anthony KG, Strych U, Yeung KR, Shoen CS, Perez O, Krause KL, Cynamon MH, Aristoff PA, Koski RA (2011) New classes of alanine racemase inhibitors identified by high-throughput screening show antimicrobial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis . (springer.com)
Inhibitors2
  • We studied detailed mechanisms of alanine racemase, D-amino acid aminotransferase, and glutamate racemase, to develop the meachanism-based inhibitors for these enzymes. (nii.ac.jp)
  • A structure-based design approach for the identification of novel inhibitors: application to an alanine racemase. (proteinlounge.com)
Gene9
  • Bacteria can have one (alr gene) or two alanine racemase genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, knockout studies have shown that without the alr gene being expressed, the bacteria would need an external source of D-alanine in order to survive. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cloning of alanine racemase genes from Pseudomonas fluorescens strains and oligomerization states of gene products expressed in Escherichia coli. (wikigenes.org)
  • Identification of the dadX gene coding for the predominant isozyme of alanine racemase in Escherichia coli K12. (wikigenes.org)
  • Interestingly, the sole presence of this gene in alr dadX double mutant showed a strict dependence on d -alanine supplementation both in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study identified a third alanine racemase gene unique in S . Enteritidis which had a potential effect on survival and pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Publications] Kumio Yokoigawa: 'Evaluation of an Alanine Racemase Gene as an Indicator for the Detection of Various Escherichia coli : Reactivity of the Gene Fragment with Various E.coli O157: H7 Isolates. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Publications] Kumio Yokoigawa: 'Primers for Amplifying an Alanine Racemase Gene Fragment to Detect E.coli strains in Foods. (nii.ac.jp)
  • We have found in L. monocytogenes two genes that control the synthesis of this compound, an alanine racemase gene ( dal ) and a d -amino acid aminotransferase gene ( dat ). (asm.org)
Characterization of Alanine racemase1
  • Expression, purification, and characterization of alanine racemase from Pseudomonas putida YZ-26. (semanticscholar.org)
Pseudomonas4
  • In Pseudomonas putida, a broad-specificity amino acid racemase is structurally and functionally related to alanine racemase. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Mutant analysis shows that alanine racemases from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli are dimeric. (wikigenes.org)
  • The structure was initially solved to 1.9 Å resolution via molecular replacement using the monomer of Pseudomonas aeruginosa alanine racemase as the search model. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Inactivation of the Pseudomonas striata broad specificity amino acid racemase by D and L isomers of beta-substituted alanines: kinetics, stoichiometry, active site peptide, and mechanistic studies. (semanticscholar.org)
Structural7
  • D-alanine plays a role in the cross-linking of nascent PG strands and our central hypothesis is that D-alanine is an essential structural component of PG. (grantome.com)
  • Our results provide structural insights into AlaR that may be used for the development of new antibiotics targeting the alanine racemase in pathogenic bacteria. (elsevier.com)
  • In this model the selection of monomers (i.e. amino acids) for ribosomal protein synthesis is rather limited to those Alanine derivatives that are suitable for building α-helix or β-sheet secondary structural elements. (wikipedia.org)
  • Comparative structural analysis between VanT G and alanine racemases as well as site-directed mutagenesis identified three specific active site positions centered around Asn 696 which are responsible for the l -amino acid specificity. (asm.org)
  • Structural evidence that alanine racemase from a D-cycloserine-producing microorganism exhibits resistance to its own product. (proteinlounge.com)
  • The drug attacks bacteria by inhibiting two separate enzymes ( D-alanine racemase and D-alanine-D-alanine ligase ) each required to build and maintain the structural integrity of bacterial cell walls. (newswise.com)
  • D-alanine is a structural component of mycobacterial peptidoglycan. (unl.edu)
Genes3
  • Bacterial species with two genes for alanine racemase have one that is continually expressed and one that is inducible, which makes it difficult to target both genes for drug studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • This study aims at understanding the contribution of alanine racemase genes alr , dadX and SEN3897 to Salmonella survival in vitro and in vivo. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By inactivating both genes, we produced an organism that could be grown in the laboratory when supplemented with d -alanine but was unable to grow outside the laboratory, particularly in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic host cells, the natural habitat of this organism during infection. (asm.org)
Serine7
  • l-Threonine aldolase, serine hydroxymethyltransferase and fungal alanine racemase. (semanticscholar.org)
  • D-Serine metabolism in C6 glioma cells: Involvement of alanine-serine-cysteine transporter (ASCT2) and serine racemase (SRR) but not D-amino acid oxidase (DAO). (ox.ac.uk)
  • Candidate mechanisms include SRR operating in alpha,beta-eliminase mode (converting D-serine to pyruvate) and regulation by serine transport, in which the alanine-serine-cysteine transporter ASCT2 is implicated. (ox.ac.uk)
  • They were found active only against alanine or serine, where they exhibited Michaelis constants within the range of typical bacterial alanine racemases, but with significantly lower turnover numbers. (springer.com)
  • Vancomycin resistance in Gram-positive bacteria results from the replacement of the d -alanyl- d -alanine target of peptidoglycan precursors with d -alanyl- d -lactate or d -alanyl- d -serine ( d -Ala- d -Ser), to which vancomycin has low binding affinity. (asm.org)
  • This analysis also suggested that VanT racemases evolved from regular alanine racemases by acquiring additional selectivity toward serine while preserving that for alanine. (asm.org)
  • However, bacteria have evolved a sophisticated mechanism which remodels the drug target, the d -alanine ending precursors in cell wall synthesis, into precursors terminating with d -lactate or d -serine, to which vancomycin has less affinity. (asm.org)
Baumannii alanine racemase3
  • In this study, A. baumannii alanine racemase (AlrAba) was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Active site of A. baumannii alanine racemase. (nih.gov)
  • The crystal structure of A. baumannii alanine racemase (AlrAba) from the highly antibiotic-resistant NCTC13302 strain has been solved to 1.9 Å resolution. (nih.gov)
Catabolic alanine racemase2
  • Organization and expression of the Escherichia coli K-12 dad operon encoding the smaller subunit of D-amino acid dehydrogenase and the catabolic alanine racemase. (wikigenes.org)
  • Alr, which is constitutively expressed, and a catabolic alanine racemase (DadX), which is inducible by L-alanine. (otago.ac.nz)
Bacterial alanine racemases1
  • VanT is composed of two domains, an N-terminal membrane-bound domain, likely involved in l -Ser uptake, and a C-terminal cytoplasmic catalytic domain which is related to bacterial alanine racemases. (asm.org)
Protein2
  • The methyl side-chain of alanine is non-reactive and is therefore hardly ever directly involved in protein function. (wikipedia.org)
  • First, DAla is activated as alanyl adenylate by the D-alanyl-D-alanine carrier protein ligase Del and then transferred to the DAla carrier protein Dcp. (asmscience.org)
Cycloserine6
  • D-Cycloserine is a competitive inhibitor of alanine racemase for which its K i is 100 times smaller than the K m for either of the substrates, D- and L-alanine. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Unfortunately, current studies in Mtb are insufficient to determine whether Alr is an essential function of Mtb and the lethal target of the prototype inhibitor D- cycloserine (DCS), a D-alanine analog. (grantome.com)
  • Additionally, reversal of d -cycloserine inhibition in the presence of d -alanine in M. tuberculosis suggested that Alr is the primary target of d -cycloserine. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • d -alanine ligase, a target of the antituberculosis drug d -cycloserine. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • A side reaction of alanine racemase: transamination of cycloserine. (proteinlounge.com)
  • This composition contains the compound D-cycloserine and D-alanine and provides reduced adverse side effects typically associated with chronic D-cycloserine use. (google.com)
Enzymes7
  • By contrast with dadB and alr, both of which are monomeric enzymes, the alanine racemase of Bacillaceae are homodimers. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • DadXSas was one of the slowest enzymes, and had the weakest affinity for both enantiomers of alanine out of all the published alanine racemases. (otago.ac.nz)
  • As the already described racemases were proposed to be active and appeared to be monomers as judged from their crystal structures, we also investigated this aspect for the four new enzymes. (springer.com)
  • Here, size exclusion chromatography indicated the presence of oligomeric states of the enzymes and a native-PAGE in-gel assay showed that the racemase activity was present only in an oligomeric state but not as monomer. (springer.com)
  • Alanine is broken down by oxidative deamination, the inverse reaction of the reductive amination reaction described above, catalyzed by the same enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, the enzymes of P.pentosaceus and L.brevis were not activated by UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Given that so many enzymes are in fact multifunctional, the authors propose that examples of pri-mordial-like en-zymes are abundant. (asmblog.org)
Metabolism1
  • The proposed studies will provide fundamental knowledge on D-alanine metabolism in Mtb. (grantome.com)
Catalyzes3
  • Catalyzes the interconversion of L-alanine and D-alanine. (rcsb.org)
  • The Leu 201 residue probably regulates the function of cofactor during the conversion of PMP to PLP.Glutamate racemase catalyzes the racemization of glutamate to produce D-glutamate. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Alanine racemase, for example, catalyzes the conversion of L -alanine into its isomeric (mirror-image) form, D -alanine. (britannica.com)
Reaction5
  • The traditional mechanism attributed to an alanine racemase reaction is that of a two-base mechanism with a PLP-stabilized carbanion intermediate. (wikipedia.org)
  • The crystal structures of alanine racemase bound with reaction intermediate analogs, N-(5'-phosphopyridoxyl)-L-alanine (PLP-L-Ala) and N-(5'-phosphopyridoxyl)-D-alanine (PLP-D-Ala), were determined at 2.0-A resolution with the crystallographic R factor of 17.2 for PLP-L-Ala and 16.9 for PLP-D-Ala complexes. (rcsb.org)
  • The Vmax and Km for the L-alanine to D-alanine reaction were found to be 220.5 U/mg and 1.56 mM, respectively. (otago.ac.nz)
  • Racemic alanine can be prepared by the condensation of acetaldehyde with ammonium chloride in the presence of sodium cyanide by the Strecker reaction, or by the ammonolysis of 2-bromopropanoic acid. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alanine s catabolic pathway involves a simple Aminotransferase reaction that directly produces Pyruvate. (proteinlounge.com)
Epimerases1
  • The different subclasses of isomerases according to the EC Number classification: EC 5.1 (racemases and epimerases, e.g. alanine racemase, methionine racemase, lactate racemase, etc. (biology-online.org)
Crystal structure1
  • We have previously reported the crystal structure of the M. tuberculosis alanine racemase [17] . (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Coli3
  • b) Superposition of the active-site residues of alanine racemases from A. baumannii (green), B. henselae (blue), P. aeruginosa (red) and E. coli (orange). (nih.gov)
  • Glutamate racemase of E.coli was not inhibited by hemin in the absence of UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine, but strongly inhibited in the presence of UDP-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanine. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Publications] Ashiuchi Makoto: 'In Vivo Effect of GroESL on the Folding of Gltamate Racemase of Eschirichia coli. (nii.ac.jp)
Inhibitor1
  • This study highlights the feasibility of obtaining novel alanine racemase inhibitor lead compounds by high-throughput screening for development of new anti-TB agents. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Decarboxylase1
  • L-Alanine is produced industrially by decarboxylation of L-aspartate by the action of aspartate 4-decarboxylase. (wikipedia.org)
Isozyme1
  • In addition, the second alanine racemase isozyme from S. aureus (DadXSas) was studied. (otago.ac.nz)
Supplementation1
  • d-alanine supplementation considerably increased TAM23 viability in nutritionally deficient media and within macrophages. (unl.edu)
Bacteria2
  • Analysis of phenotype in mice suggested that non-availability of d -alanine in mice leads to clearance of bacteria followed by stabilization of bacterial number in lungs and spleen. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • d -Alanine is required for the synthesis of the mucopeptide component of the cell walls of virtually all bacteria and is found almost exclusively in the microbial world. (asm.org)
Cofactor1
  • As mentioned in §3.1, the active site of AlrAba is composed of residues from both monomers, several of which are involved in a hydrogen-bond network with the PLP cofactor (Figs. 2 ▶ and 5 ▶a) and are conserved between alanine racemases (Fig. 5 ▶b). (nih.gov)
Synthesis1
  • Dipeptides complemented defects in d -alanine synthesis or ligation and were present in lipid-linked peptidoglycan precursors. (elifesciences.org)
Interconversion1
  • To catalyze the interconversion of D and L alanine, Alanine racemase must position residues capable of exchanging protons on either side of the alpha carbon of alanine. (wikipedia.org)
Strain3
  • However, Alr complementation in d -alanine auxotrophic strain restored the alanine racemase deficiency. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Further, this study also showed attenuation of d -alanine auxotrophic strain in vivo for the development of potential targets against Salmonella that can be investigated further. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we demonstrate that the M. smegmatis alr insertion mutant TAM23 can synthesize d-alanine at lower levels than the parental strain. (unl.edu)
Acinetobacter1
  • The structure of alanine racemase from Acinetobacter baumannii. (nih.gov)
Acid6
  • Listeria monocytogenes ) can utilize d -amino acid transaminase (Dat) to generate d -alanine, which renders Alr non-essential. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Survival kinetics of the mutant in the absence of d -alanine indicated that depletion of this amino acid results in rapid loss of viability. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • alanine is the simplest α-amino acid after glycine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Alanine is a nonessential amino acid, meaning it can be manufactured by the human body, and does not need to be obtained through the diet. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because transamination reactions are readily reversible and pyruvate is present in all cells, alanine can be easily formed and thus has close links to metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the citric acid cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • This makes Alanine a glucogenic amino acid. (proteinlounge.com)
Mycobacteria1
Absence1
  • Due to its essential nature, coupled with the absence of a human homolog, alanine racemase has long been an attractive drug target. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Dehydrogenase1
  • A coupled assay method with L-alanine dehydrogenase and tetrazolium salts was used to detect visually the alanine racemase activity in the clones. (elsevier.com)
RCSB PDB - 1L6F: Alanine racemase bound with N-(5'-phosphopyridoxyl)-L-alanine
RCSB PDB - 1L6F: Alanine racemase bound with N-(5'-phosphopyridoxyl)-L-alanine (rcsb.org)
SWISS-MODEL Template Library | 6q70.1
SWISS-MODEL Template Library | 6q70.1 (swissmodel.expasy.org)
IUCr) Acta Crystallographica Section F Volume 70, Part 9, September 2014
IUCr) Acta Crystallographica Section F Volume 70, Part 9, September 2014 (journals.iucr.org)
WikiGenes - dadX - alanine racemase
WikiGenes - dadX - alanine racemase (wikigenes.org)
IUCr) Acta Crystallographica Section D Volume 68, Part 1, January 2012
IUCr) Acta Crystallographica Section D Volume 68, Part 1, January 2012 (journals.iucr.org)
Open Access Articles ::: Current Enzyme Inhibition
Open Access Articles ::: Current Enzyme Inhibition (benthamscience.com)
Regulation of the Morphogenetic Cycle of Escherichia coli: 1992 | SpringerLink
Regulation of the Morphogenetic Cycle of Escherichia coli: 1992 | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Bioinformatic analysis of fold-type III PLP-dependent enzymes discovers multimeric racemases | SpringerLink
Bioinformatic analysis of fold-type III PLP-dependent enzymes discovers multimeric racemases | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Membrane fusion during phage lysis | PNAS
Membrane fusion during phage lysis | PNAS (pnas.org)
Regulation of Glutarate Catabolism by GntR Family Regulator CsiR and LysR Family Regulator GcdR in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 |...
Regulation of Glutarate Catabolism by GntR Family Regulator CsiR and LysR Family Regulator GcdR in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 |... (mbio.asm.org)
Frontiers | Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine Research and Development: The Past, Present and Future, Including Novel Therapeutic...
Frontiers | Staphylococcus aureus Vaccine Research and Development: The Past, Present and Future, Including Novel Therapeutic... (frontiersin.org)
Distribution of Escherichia coli strains harbouring Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)-associated virulence factors (stx1,...
Distribution of Escherichia coli strains harbouring Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC)-associated virulence factors (stx1,... (cambridge.org)
DiVA - Sökresultat
DiVA - Sökresultat (diva-portal.org)
IGEM REPORT: From Carbon Dioxide To Biofuel | PLOS Collections
IGEM REPORT: From Carbon Dioxide To Biofuel | PLOS Collections (blogs.plos.org)
Publications
Publications (umu.se)
A Standard Method To Inactivate Bacillus anthracis Spores to Sterility via Gamma Irradiation | Applied and Environmental...
A Standard Method To Inactivate Bacillus anthracis Spores to Sterility via Gamma Irradiation | Applied and Environmental... (aem.asm.org)
The D-alanyl-d-alanine carboxypeptidase enzyme is essential for virulence in the Schu S4 strain of Francisella tularensis and a...
The D-alanyl-d-alanine carboxypeptidase enzyme is essential for virulence in the Schu S4 strain of Francisella tularensis and a... (bioportfolio.com)
Matter & Energy Browse - Page 9 | Britannica
Matter & Energy Browse - Page 9 | Britannica (britannica.com)
Isomerase | enzyme | Britannica.com
Isomerase | enzyme | Britannica.com (britannica.com)
Structural and Functional Adaptation of Vancomycin Resistance VanT Serine Racemases | mBio
Structural and Functional Adaptation of Vancomycin Resistance VanT Serine Racemases | mBio (mbio.asm.org)
PDB 2rjh structure summary ‹ Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) ‹ EMBL-EBI
PDB 2rjh structure summary ‹ Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) ‹ EMBL-EBI (ebi.ac.uk)
Updates to Clostridium difficile Spore Germination | Journal of Bacteriology
Updates to Clostridium difficile Spore Germination | Journal of Bacteriology (jb.asm.org)
Comparative Functional Genomics of the Fission Yeasts | Science
Comparative Functional Genomics of the Fission Yeasts | Science (science.sciencemag.org)
KEGG PATHWAY: ko01502
KEGG PATHWAY: ko01502 (genome.jp)
Influence of crystal allomorph and crystallinity on the products and behavior of cellulose during fast pyrolysis (Journal...
Influence of crystal allomorph and crystallinity on the products and behavior of cellulose during fast pyrolysis (Journal... (osti.gov)
Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine | Protocol
Enzymatic Cascade Reactions for the Synthesis of Chiral Amino Alcohols from L-lysine | Protocol (jove.com)
Essential Bacillus subtilis genes | PNAS
Essential Bacillus subtilis genes | PNAS (pnas.org)
Exposure to Antibiotics Induces Expression of theMycobacterium tuberculosis sigF Gene: Implications for Chemotherapy against...
Exposure to Antibiotics Induces Expression of theMycobacterium tuberculosis sigF Gene: Implications for Chemotherapy against... (aac.asm.org)
Functional Comparison of the Two Bacillus anthracis Glutamate Racemases | Journal of Bacteriology
Functional Comparison of the Two Bacillus anthracis Glutamate Racemases | Journal of Bacteriology (jb.asm.org)
An integrated structural proteomics approach along the druggable genome of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis species for...
An integrated structural proteomics approach along the druggable genome of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis species for... (bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com)
ASMscience | Assembly of Peptide Anti
ASMscience | Assembly of Peptide Anti (asmscience.org)