Alanine Dehydrogenase
An NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible DEAMINATION of L-ALANINE to PYRUVATE and AMMONIA. The enzyme is needed for growth when ALANINE is the sole CARBON or NITROGEN source. It may also play a role in CELL WALL synthesis because L-ALANINE is an important constituent of the PEPTIDOGLYCAN layer.
Amino Acid Oxidoreductases
Alanine Racemase
Alanine
Glycine Dehydrogenase
Ammonia
NAD
A coenzyme composed of ribosylnicotinamide 5'-diphosphate coupled to adenosine 5'-phosphate by pyrophosphate linkage. It is found widely in nature and is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions in which it serves as an electron carrier by being alternately oxidized (NAD+) and reduced (NADH). (Dorland, 27th ed)
Cold-adapted alanine dehydrogenases from two antarctic bacterial strains: gene cloning, protein characterization, and comparison with mesophilic and thermophilic counterparts. (1/60)
The genes encoding NAD(+)-dependent alanine dehydrogenases (AlaDHs) (EC 1.4.1.1) from the Antarctic bacterial organisms Shewanella sp. strain Ac10 (SheAlaDH) and Carnobacterium sp. strain St2 (CarAlaDH) were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Of all of the AlaDHs that have been sequenced, SheAlaDH exhibited the highest level of sequence similarity to the AlaDH from the gram-negative bacterium Vibrio proteolyticus (VprAlaDH). CarAlaDH was most similar to AlaDHs from mesophilic and thermophilic Bacillus strains. SheAlaDH and CarAlaDH had features typical of cold-adapted enzymes; both the optimal temperature for catalytic activity and the temperature limit for retaining thermostability were lower than the values obtained for the mesophilic counterparts. The k(cat)/K(m) value for the SheAlaDH reaction was about three times higher than the k(cat)/K(m) value for VprAlaDH, but it was much lower than the k(cat)/K(m) value for the AlaDH from Bacillus subtilis. Homology-based structural models of various AlaDHs, including the two psychotropic AlaDHs, were constructed. The thermal instability of SheAlaDH and CarAlaDH may result from relatively low numbers of salt bridges in these proteins. (+info)Properties of the 40 kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a functional L-alanine dehydrogenase. (2/60)
The 40 kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the first antigen reported to be present in the pathogenic M. tuberculosis, but not in the vaccine strain Mycobacterium bovis BCG. It is a functional L-alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1) and hence one of the few antigens possessing an enzymic activity. This makes the 40 kDa antigen attractive for potential diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Recently, we developed a strategy to purify quantities of the recombinant protein in active form, and here we describe the biochemical properties of this enzyme. In the oxidative-deamination reaction, the enzyme showed K(m) values of 13. 8 mM and 0.31 mM for L-alanine and NAD(+), respectively, in a random-ordered mechanism. K(m, app) values in the reductive-amination reaction are 35.4 mM, 1.45 mM and 98.2 microM for ammonium, pyruvate and NADH, respectively. The enzyme is highly specific for all of its substrates in both directions. The pH profile indicates that oxidative deamination virtually may not occur at physiological pH. Hence L-alanine most likely is the product of the reaction catalysed in vivo. The enzyme is heat-stable, losing practically no activity at 60 degrees C for several hours. (+info)Structure and mechanism of proton-translocating transhydrogenase. (3/60)
Recent developments have led to advances in our understanding of the structure and mechanism of action of proton-translocating (or AB) transhydrogenase. There is (a) a high-resolution crystal structure, and an NMR structure, of the NADP(H)-binding component (dIII), (b) a homology-based model of the NAD(H)-binding component (dI) and (c) an emerging consensus on the position of the transmembrane helices (in dII). The crystal structure of dIII, in particular, provides new insights into the mechanism by which the energy released in proton translocation across the membrane is coupled to changes in the binding affinities of NADP(+) and NADPH that drive the chemical reaction. (+info)Disruption of aldA influences the developmental process in Myxococcus xanthus. (4/60)
Previously, we identified a gene (aldA) from Myxococcus xanthus, which we suggested encoded the enzyme alanine dehydrogenase on the basis of similarity to known Ald protein sequences (M. J. Ward, H. Lew, A. Treuner-Lange, and D. R. Zusman, J. Bacteriol. 180:5668-5675, 1998). In this study, we have confirmed that aldA does encode a functional alanine dehydrogenase, since it catalyzes the reversible conversion of alanine to pyruvate and ammonia. Whereas an aldA gene disruption mutation did not significantly influence the rate of growth or spreading on a rich medium, AldA was required for growth on a minimal medium containing L-alanine as the major source of carbon. Under developmental conditions, the aldA mutation caused delayed aggregation in both wild-type (DZ2) and FB (DZF1) strains. Poorly formed aggregates and reduced levels of spores were apparent in the DZ2 aldA mutant, even after prolonged development. (+info)Protein-coding genes as molecular markers for ecologically distinct populations: the case of two Bacillus species. (5/60)
Bacillus globisporus and Bacillus psychrophilus are one among many pairs of ecologically distinct taxa that are distinguished by very few nucleotide differences in 16S rRNA gene sequence. This study has investigated whether the lack of divergence in 16S rRNA between such species stems from the unusually slow rate of evolution of this molecule, or whether other factors might be preventing neutral sequence divergence at 16S rRNA as well as every other gene. B. globisporus and B. psychrophilus were each surveyed for restriction-site variation in two protein-coding genes. These species were easily distinguished as separate DNA sequence clusters for each gene. The limited ability of 16S rRNA to distinguish these species is therefore a consequence of the extremely slow rate of 16S rRNA evolution. The present results, and previous results involving two Mycobacterium species, demonstrate that there exist closely related species which have diverged long enough to have formed clearly separate sequence clusters for protein-coding genes, but not for 16S rRNA. These results support an earlier argument that sequence clustering in protein-coding genes could be a primary criterion for discovering and identifying ecologically distinct groups, and classifying them as separate species. (+info)Reassessment of major products of N2 fixation by bacteroids from soybean root nodules. (6/60)
NH3/ was the principal product from soybean bacteroids, prepared by various procedures, when assayed in solution in a flow chamber under N2 fixation conditions. In addition, small quantities of alanine were produced (reaching 20% of NH3/ under some conditions). Some 15N was assimilated by bacteroids purified from soybean root nodules on Percoll density gradients and shaken with 15N2 and 0.008 atm O2. Under these conditions, accounted for 93% of the (15)N fixed into the soluble fraction. This fraction contained no measurable [15N]alanine. Neither these bacteroids nor those prepared by the previously used differential centrifugation method, when incubated with exogenous alanine under non-N2-fixing conditions, gave rise to NH3 from alanine. Therefore, contamination of bacteroid preparations with enzymes of plant cytosolic origin and capable of producing NH3 from alanine cannot explain the failure to detect [15N]alanine [as reported elsewhere: Waters, J. K., Hughes, B. L., II, Purcell, L. C., Gerhardt, K. O., Mawhinney, T. P. & Emerich, D. W. (1998). Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95, 12038-12042]. Cell-free extracts of the bacteroids as used in the 15N experiments contained alanine dehydrogenase and were able to produce alanine from pyruvate and. Other experiments with alanine dehydrogenase in extracts of cultured rhizobia and bacteroids are reported and discussed in relation to the 15N experiments. Possible reasons for the differences between laboratories regarding the role of alanine are discussed. It is concluded that NH3 is the principal soluble product of N2 fixation by suspensions of soybean bacteroids ex planta and that should continue to be considered the principal product of N2 fixation which is assimilated in vivo in soybean nodules. (+info)Hypoxic response of Mycobacterium tuberculosis studied by metabolic labeling and proteome analysis of cellular and extracellular proteins. (7/60)
The events involved in the establishment of a latent infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis are not fully understood, but hypoxic conditions are generally believed to be the environment encountered by the pathogen in the central part of the granuloma. The present study was undertaken to provide insight into M. tuberculosis protein expression in in vitro latency models where oxygen is depleted. The response of M. tuberculosis to low-oxygen conditions was investigated in both cellular and extracellular proteins by metabolic labeling, two-dimensional electrophoresis, and protein signature peptide analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. By peptide mass fingerprinting and immunodetection, five proteins more abundant under low-oxygen conditions were identified from several lysates of M. tuberculosis: Rv0569, Rv2031c (HspX), Rv2623, Rv2626c, and Rv3841 (BfrB). In M. tuberculosis culture filtrates, two additional proteins, Rv0363c (Fba) and Rv2780 (Ald), were found in increased amounts under oxygen limitation. These results extend our understanding of the hypoxic response in M. tuberculosis and potentially provide important insights into the physiology of the latent bacilli. (+info)Mycobacterium smegmatis L-alanine dehydrogenase (Ald) is required for proficient utilization of alanine as a sole nitrogen source and sustained anaerobic growth. (8/60)
NAD(H)-dependent L-alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1) (Ald) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of L-alanine and the reductive amination of pyruvate. To assess the physiological role of Ald in Mycobacterium smegmatis, we cloned the ald gene, identified its promoter, determined the protein expression levels, and analyzed the combined effects of nutrient supplementation, oxygen availability, and growth stage on enzyme activity. High Ald activities were observed in cells grown in the presence of L- or D-alanine regardless of the oxygen availability and growth stage. In exponentially growing cells under aerobic conditions, supplementation with alanine resulted in a 25- to 50-fold increase in the enzyme activity. In the absence of alanine supplementation, 23-fold-higher Ald activities were observed in cells grown exponentially under anaerobic conditions. Furthermore, M. smegmatis ald null mutants were constructed by targeted disruption and were shown to lack any detectable Ald activity. In contrast, the glycine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.10) (Gdh) activity in mutant cells remained at wild-type levels, indicating that another enzyme protein is responsible for the physiologically relevant reductive amination of glyoxylate. The ald mutants grew poorly in minimal medium with L-alanine as the sole nitrogen source, reaching a saturation density 100-fold less than that of the wild-type strain. Likewise, mutants grew to a saturation density 10-fold less than that of the wild-type strain under anaerobic conditions. In summary, the phenotypes displayed by the M. smegmatis ald mutants suggest that Ald plays an important role in both alanine utilization and anaerobic growth. (+info)Mycobacterium smegmatis L-alanine dehydrogenase (Ald) is required for proficient utilization of alanine as a sole nitrogen...
Identification and Purification of an L-Alanine Dehydrogenase Homolog that Catalyzes the Formation of L-Ornithine Lactam from...
SMART: AlaDh PNT C domain annotation
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Alanine dehydrogenase
L-alanine dehydrogenase, NAD+-linked alanine dehydrogenase, alpha-alanine dehydrogenase, NAD+-dependent alanine dehydrogenase, ... alanine oxidoreductase, and NADH-dependent alanine dehydrogenase. T Alanine dehydrogenase contains both a N-terminus and C- ... Alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction L-alanine + H2O + NAD+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \ ... O'Connor RJ, Halvorson H (March 1961). "The substrate specificity of L-alanine dehydrogenase". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. ...
Methylomonas scandinavica
This is confirmed by the presence of glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, and alanine dehydrogenase. Since M. scandinavica ... The TCA cycle is incomplete due to the inactivity of the α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase enzyme. M. scandinavica also uses ...
Alanopine dehydrogenase
Dando PR (1981). "Strombine [N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine] dehydrogenase and alanopine [meso-N-(1-carboxyethyl)-alanine] ... alanine]dehydrogenase, meso-N-(1-carboxyethyl)-alanine:NAD+ oxidoreductase, alanopine: NAD+ oxidoreductase, ADH, and alanopine: ... Alanopine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2,2'-iminodipropanoate + NAD+ + H2O ... Its 4 products are L-alanine, pyruvate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and hydrogen ion. This enzyme belongs to the family ...
Glycogen storage disease type II
... alanine transaminase and lactic dehydrogenase. Diagnosis is made by estimating the acid alpha glucosidase activity in either ...
Pyruvic acid
Transamination by alanine transaminase produces alanine. Reduction by lactate dehydrogenase produces lactate. Pyruvic acid is ... It can also be used to construct the amino acid alanine and can be converted into ethanol or lactic acid via fermentation. ... Jaimes, R., III (Jul 2015). "Functional response of the isolated, perfused normoxic heart to pyruvate dehydrogenase activation ... Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted by fermentation to lactate using the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the coenzyme NADH ...
Leigh syndrome
... pyruvate is either converted into alanine via alanine aminotransferase or converted into lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase; ... Leigh syndrome can also be caused by deficiency of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), most commonly involving a PDHC ... Thiamine (vitamin B1) may be given if pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency is known or suspected. The symptoms of lactic acidosis ... Laboratory findings of lactic acidosis or acidemia and hyperalaninemia (elevated levels of alanine in the blood) can also ...
Aldehyde dehydrogenase 6 family, member A1
Methylmalonate semialdehyde dehydrogenase deficiency is characterized by elevated beta-alanine, 3-hydroxypropionic acid, and ... demonstration of defective valine and beta-alanine metabolism and reduced malonic semialdehyde dehydrogenase activity in ... "CoA-dependent methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, a unique member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily. cDNA ... "CoA-dependent methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, a unique member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily. cDNA ...
Strombine dehydrogenase
Dando PR (1981). "Strombine [N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine] dehydrogenase and alanopine [meso-N-(1-carboxyethyl)-alanine ... D-alanine]dehydrogenase, and N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine: NAD+ oxidoreductase. ... In enzymology, a strombine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.22) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction N-(carboxymethyl)-D- ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is N-(carboxymethyl)-D-alanine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (glycine-forming). Other names in ...
D-amino acid dehydrogenase
In E. coli K12 D-amino acid dehydrogenase is most active with D-alanine as its substrate, as this amino acid is the sole source ... For example, it was found that specifically D-alanine dehydrogenases from E. coli and P. aeruginosa would lose most of their ... Solubilized D-amino acid dehydrogenase tends to increase its affinity for D-alanine, D-asparagine, and D- α {\displaystyle \ ... Obtaining D-Amino Acid Dehydrogenase In one study, in order to test the viability of using D-amino dehydrogenase in synthesis ...
Acquired non-inflammatory myopathy
... alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase are closely examined. Abnormal levels of these proteins are indicative of ... Muscle enzymes are increased, commonly lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Many dietary factors and aberrations can induce ANIM. ...
Malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
This enzyme participates in beta-alanine metabolism. Nakamura K, Bernheim F (June 1961). "Studies on malonic semialdehyde ... In enzymology, a malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.15) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 3- ... dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 50: 147-52. doi:10.1016/0006-3002(61)91071-X. PMID ...
3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase
This enzyme participates in beta-alanine metabolism and propanoate metabolism. Den H, Robinson WG, Coon MJ (1959). "Enzymatic ... In enzymology, a 3-hydroxypropionate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.59) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 3- ...
Lactate dehydrogenase
Alanine and lactate are major gluconeogenic precursors that enter gluconeogenesis as pyruvate. The high NADH/NAD+ ratio shifts ... Lactate dehydrogenase-A deficiency is caused by a mutation to the LDHA gene, while lactate dehydrogenase-B deficiency is caused ... Wilks HM, Holbrook JJ (December 1988). "A Specific, Highly Active Malate Dehydrogenase by Redesign of a Lactate Dehydrogenase ... Ethanol is dehydrogenated to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase, and further into acetic acid by acetaldehyde dehydrogenase ...
Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP+)
It also participates in beta-alanine metabolism and pantothenate and coa biosynthesis. The systematic name of this enzyme class ... DHU dehydrogenase hydropyrimidine dehydrogenase dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (NADP+) As of late 2007, 5 structures have been ... dihydrothymine dehydrogenase dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NADP+) 4,5-dihydrothymine: oxidoreductase DPD DHPDH dehydrogenase, ... "Entrez Gene: DPYD dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase". Chung T, Na J, Kim YI, Chang DY, Kim YI, Kim H, Moon HE, Kang KW, Lee DS, ...
Β-Alanine
The malonate semialdehyde can then be converted into malonate via malonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase. Malonate is then ... α-alanine). The IUPAC name for β-alanine is 3-aminopropanoic acid. Unlike its counterpart α-alanine, β-alanine has no ... histidine and β-alanine. Hence, by weight, only about 40% of the dose is available as β-alanine. Because β-alanine dipeptides ... β-alanine > taurine ≫ alanine, L-serine > proline). β-alanine has five known receptor sites, including GABA-A, GABA-C a co- ...
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase
"Activity of human dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase is largely reduced by mutation at isoleucine-51 to alanine". Journal of ... "How dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase-binding protein binds dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase in the human pyruvate dehydrogenase ... "How dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase-binding protein binds dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase in the human pyruvate dehydrogenase ... Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD), also known as dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, mitochondrial, is an enzyme that in humans is ...
Spermidine dehydrogenase
This enzyme participates in urea cycle and metabolism of amino groups and beta-alanine metabolism. It has 2 cofactors: FAD, and ... IIE2a Speridine dehydrogenase". Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. 36: 225-226. Portal: Biology v t e (EC 1.5.99, Flavin ... In enzymology, a spermidine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.99.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction spermidine + acceptor ... "Identification of flavin adenine dinucleotide and heme in a homogeneous spermidine dehydrogenase from Serratia marcescens". J. ...
Aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
This enzyme participates in the urea cycle and the metabolism of amino groups and beta-alanine. Callewaert, Denis M.; ... ABAL dehydrogenase, 4-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase, 4-aminobutanal dehydrogenase, gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase, 1 ... In enzymology, an aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.19) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 4- ... Prieto MI, Martin J, Balana-Fouce R, Garrido-Pertierra A (1987). "Properties of gamma-aminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase from ...
Saliva
N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone), superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, class 3 ... aldehyde dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, and tissue kallikrein (function unknown) Cells: possibly as many as 8 ...
Dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD+)
... and dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD+). This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: pyrimidine metabolism, beta-alanine ... Other names in common use include dehydrogenase, dihydrouracil, dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, dihydrothymine dehydrogenase, ... In enzymology, a dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD+) (EC 1.3.1.1) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 5,6- ... Purification and properties of dihydrouracil dehydrogenase". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 227 (2): 693-700. PMID ...
Alanine
In the first step, α-ketoglutarate, ammonia and NADH are converted by glutamate dehydrogenase to glutamate, NAD+ and water. In ... Fermentation routes to L-alanine are complicated by alanine racemase. Racemic alanine can be prepared by the condensation of ... is so-called alanine scanning, where every position in turn is mutated to alanine. Hydrogenation of alanine gives the amino ... forming alanine and α-ketoglutarate. The alanine enters the bloodstream, and is transported to the liver. The alanine ...
Beta-alanopine dehydrogenase
The systematic name of this enzyme class is N-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-beta-alanine:NAD+ oxidoreductase (beta-alanine-forming). Sato ... Beta-alanopine dehydrogenase (EC 1.5.1.26) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction beta-alanopine + NAD+ + H2O ⇌ {\ ... displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } beta-alanine + pyruvate + NADH + H+ The 3 substrates of this enzyme are beta-alanopine, ... nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ion, and water, whereas its 4 products are beta-alanine, pyruvate, nicotinamide adenine ...
Glutamate-glutamine cycle
... then transaminated by alanine aminotransferase into lactate-derived pyruvate to form alanine, which is exported to astrocytes. ... The ammonia fixed as part of the glutamate dehydrogenase enzyme reaction in the neurons is transaminated into α-ketoisocaproate ... In the opposite direction of the amino acid, a corresponding molecule is transported; for alanine this molecule is lactate; for ... The ammonia produced in neurons is fixed into α-ketoglutarate by the glutamate-dehydrogenase reaction to form glutamate, ...
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD+)
... beta-alanine metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, 1,2-dichloroethane degradation, propanoate metabolism, 3 ... NAD-aldehyde dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent 4-hydroxynonenal dehydrogenase, NAD-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase, NAD-linked ... Other names in common use include CoA-independent aldehyde dehydrogenase, m-methylbenzaldehyde dehydrogenase, ... aldehyde dehydrogenase, propionaldehyde dehydrogenase, and aldehyde dehydrogenase (NAD). This enzyme participates in 17 ...
UPB1
The pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine are degraded via the consecutive action of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DHPDH), ... dihydropyrimidinase (DHP) and beta-ureidopropionase (UP) to beta-alanine and beta-aminoisobutyric acid, respectively. UP ...
Glutaminolysis
... glutamate dehydrogenase (GlDH), EC 1.4.1.2 glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT), also called alanine transaminase (ALT), EC ... the malate dehydrogenase reaction and the malate decarboxylase reaction. Due to low glutamate dehydrogenase and glutamate ... and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; EC 1.1.1.27) according to the following equations: malate + NAD(P)+→ pyruvate + NAD(P)H + H+ + ... alanine and citrate. Glutaminolysis partially recruits reaction steps from the citric acid cycle and the malate-aspartate ...
Siminovitchia
UDP-N-acetylmuramate dehydrogenase, 50S ribosomal protein L11 methyltransferase, iron-sulphur cluster-binding protein and ... alanine racemase, which in most cases are exclusively shared by either all or most members of this genus. These molecular ...
N-methylalanine dehydrogenase
The systematic name of this enzyme class is N-methyl-L-alanine:NADP+ oxidoreductase (demethylating, deaminating). Lin MC, ... In enzymology, a N-methylalanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.17) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction N-methyl-L- ... H+ The 3 substrates of this enzyme are N-methyl-L-alanine, H2O, and NADP+, whereas its 4 products are pyruvate, methylamine, ... Wagner C (1975). "Purification and characterization of N-methylalanine dehydrogenase". J. Biol. Chem. 250 (10): 3746-51. PMID ...
C4 carbon fixation
The resulting Pyruvate is transaminated to alanine, diffusing to the mesophyll. Alanine is finally transaminated to pyruvate ( ... This cycle bypasses the reaction of malate dehydrogenase in the mesophyll and therefore does not transfer reducing equivalents ...
Essential amino acid
These six are alanine, aspartic acid, asparagine, glutamic acid, serine, and selenocysteine (considered the 21st amino acid). ... Glutamate dehydrogenase catalyzes the reductive amination of α-ketoglutarate to glutamate. A transamination reaction takes ... Alanine and aspartate are synthesized by the transamination of pyruvate and oxaloacetate, respectively. Glutamine is ...
Uridine monophosphate synthase
UMP synthesis from orotic acid or uridine and conversion of uracil to beta-alanine: enzymes and cDNAs. Progress in Nucleic Acid ... dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, thymidine phosphorylase, and orotate phosphoribosyl transferase in prostate cancer". Prostate ... "Both gene expression for orotate phosphoribosyltransferase and its ratio to dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase influence outcome ...
Alpha-Ketoisocaproic acid
The degradation of L-leucine in the muscle to this compound allows for the production of the amino acids alanine and glutamate ... This is disease is caused by a partial branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase deficiency, which leads to a buildup of ... whereas the dehydrogenase enzyme is found exclusively in the mitochondrion (Sabourin and Bieber 1981, 1983). Importantly, this ...
Cholestasis
In a later stage of cholestasis aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and unconjugated bilirubin may be ... February 1995). "Heterogeneity of autoreactive T cell clones specific for the E2 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase ... the E2 subunit of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) may be a trigger for PSC. Specifically, PDC-E2 in apoptotic ...
Side effects of cyproterone acetate
Stalvey JR (July 2002). "Inhibition of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase in mouse adrenal cells: a direct effect of ... Hsu YC, Tai DI (2011). "Unusually high alanine aminotransferase to aspartate aminotransferase ratio in a patient with ...
WNT4
This causes an alanine to valine residue substitution at amino acid position 114, a location highly conserved in all organisms ... In addition, it removes the inhibition of steroidogenic enzymes like 3β-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase and 17α-hydroxylase. ...
Glyceroneogenesis
Alanine can also be used as a precursor of glyceroneogenesis because alanine can be degraded to pyruvate. Alanine will degrade ... First of all, glutamate can be converted to 2-oxoglutarate with expense of NAD+ and H2O with help of glutamate dehydrogenase. ... Alanine aminotransferase will cleave off the amino group from alanine and binds it to 2-oxoglutarate which generates pyruvate ... Glyceroneogenesis uses pyruvate, alanine, glutamine or any substances from the TCA cycle as precursors for glycerol 3-phosphate ...
Malaria antigen detection tests
P. falciparum lactate dehydrogenase (PfLDH) is a 33 kDa oxidoreductase [EC 1.1.1.27]. It is the last enzyme of the glycolytic ... The histidine-rich protein II (HRP II) is a histidine- and alanine-rich, water-soluble protein, which is localized in several ... Glutamate dehydrogenase provides an oxidizable carbon source used for the production of energy as well as a reduced electron ... Bzik DJ, Fox BA, Gonyer K (1993). "Expression of Plasmodium falciparum lactate dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli". Mol Biochem ...
Metal transporter CNNM3
Some studies have revealed that the expression of Pyrubate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK), which is an enzymatic regulator in some ... there is a change of an aspartic acid to an alanine) that completely alters the formation of the CNNM3-PRL 2 complex is ... Sun, Hong; Zhu, Anyou; Zhou, Xiang; Wang, Fengchao (2017-04-10). "Suppression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase-2 re-sensitizes ...
Invertebrate mitochondrial code
Alanine (Ala, A), Arginine (Arg, R), Asparagine (Asn, N), Aspartic acid (Asp, D), Cysteine (Cys, C), Glutamic acid (Glu, E), ... "Nucleotide sequence of rat mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1. GTG, a new initiator codon in vertebrate mitochondrial ...
Jaundice
ALP and GGT levels typically rise with one pattern while aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ... Pathologic causes of neonatal jaundice include: Formula jaundice Hereditary spherocytosis Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ... Sickle-cell anemia Spherocytosis Thalassemia Pyruvate kinase deficiency Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency ...
Sleep
This also supports the role of β-alanine as a neurotransmitter that promotes sleep in mice. The quality of sleep may be ... For instance, mice lacking dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (Dpyd) had 78.4 min less sleep during the lights-off period than ... Dpyd encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolic pathway that catabolizes uracil and thymidine to β-alanine, an ... December 2021). "The dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene contributes to heritable differences in sleep in mice". Current ...
Chromosome 2
... hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (trifunctional protein), alpha ... alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase (oxalosis I; hyperoxaluria I; glycolicaciduria; serine-pyruvate aminotransferase) ALS2: ... Bifunctional methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/cyclohydrolase, mitochondrial MTIF2: mitochondrial translational ... subunit HADHB: hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A dehydrogenase/3-ketoacyl-Coenzyme A thiolase/enoyl-Coenzyme A hydratase (trifunctional ...
MT-ND6
This MT-ND6 G14459A mutation replaces the amino acid alanine with the amino acid valine at protein position 72 in the NADH- ... This mutation changes a single amino acid in the NADH dehydrogenase 6 protein at position 64, from methionine to valine. The ... MT-ND6 is one of seven mitochondrial genes encoding subunits of the enzyme NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), together with MT- ... Jun AS, Brown MD, Wallace DC (June 1994). "A mitochondrial DNA mutation at nucleotide pair 14459 of the NADH dehydrogenase ...
List of enzymes
Alcohol dehydrogenase (NAD) EC 1.1.1.1 Alcohol dehydrogenase (NADP) EC 1.1.1.2 Homoserine dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.3 ... EC 2.6.1 Alanine transaminase EC 2.6.1.2 Aspartate transaminase EC 2.6.1.1 Category:EC 2.7.2 Butyrate kinase (EC 2.7.2.7) EC ... Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase EC 1.2.1.10 Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase EC 1.2.1.12 Pyruvate dehydrogenase EC 1.2.1.51 ... L-xylulose reductase EC 1.1.1.10 Lactate dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.27 Malate dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.37 Isocitrate dehydrogenase EC ...
Octopine
... is a derivative of the amino acids arginine and alanine. It was the first member of the class of chemical compounds ... "A Structural Basis for Substrate Selectivity and Stereoselectivity in Octopine Dehydrogenase from Pecten maximus". Journal of ... by reductive condensation of pyruvic acid and arginine through the action of the NADH-dependent enzyme octopine dehydrogenase ( ...
Abiraterone acetate
Rash Alanine aminotransferase increased Aspartate aminotransferase increased Fractures Hematuria Uncommon (0.1-1% frequency): ... 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitors, 5α-Reductase inhibitors, Acetate esters, Androstanes, Antiestrogens, ...
Abiogenesis
Homochirality may have started in outer space, as on the Murchison meteorite the amino acid L-alanine is more than twice as ... Its key enzyme unit, carbon monoxide dehydrogenase/acetyl-CoA synthase, contains mixed nickel-iron-sulfur clusters in its ...
Molybdenum cofactor sulfurtransferase
L-alanine + H2O This enzyme contains pyridoxal phosphate. Bittner F, Oreb M, Mendel RR (November 2001). "ABA3 is a molybdenum ... cofactor sulfurase required for activation of aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase in Arabidopsis thaliana". The Journal ...
Eugenol
... or sinapyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (SAD). Coniferyl alcohol is then converted to an ester in the presence of the substrate ... ATPase activity and alanine absorption in the rat jejunum". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 38 (9): 755-62. doi:10.1016/S0278- ... Coniferaldeyhyde is then further reduced to coniferyl alcohol by cinnamyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) ...
Ceftriaxone
... releasing the terminal D-alanine unit in the process. The structure of ceftriaxone mimics the D-alanyl-D-alanine moiety, and ... Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors, Cephalosporin antibiotics, Hoffmann-La Roche brands, Thiazoles, Triazines, World Health ... PBPs act on a terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine moiety on a pentapeptide unit and catalyze the formation of a peptide bond between ... the PBP attacks the beta-lactam ring in ceftriaxone as if it were its normal D-alanyl-D-alanine substrate. The peptidoglycan ...
SCOP 1.67: Family c.23.12.2: L-alanine dehydrogenase-like
L-alanine dehydrogenase-like. Timeline for Family c.23.12.2: L-alanine dehydrogenase-like: *Family c.23.12.2: L-alanine ... L-alanine dehydrogenase. *Family c.23.12.2: L-alanine dehydrogenase-like appears in SCOP 1.65. *Family c.23.12.2: L-alanine ... Lineage for Family c.23.12.2: L-alanine dehydrogenase-like. *Root: SCOP 1.67 *. Class c: Alpha and beta proteins (a/b) [51349 ... dehydrogenase-like appears in SCOP 1.69. *Family c.23.12.2: L-alanine dehydrogenase-like appears in the current release, SCOPe ...
IMSEAR at SEARO: Alanine dehydrogenase in mycobacteria--a preliminary report.
Alanine dehydrogenase in mycobacteria--a preliminary report.. Autor : Kannan, K B. Katoch, V M. Bharadwaj, V P. Sharma, V D. ... Electrophoretic mobilities of alanine dehydrogenase from different species of mycobacteria were not found to be significant for ... It was found that alanine dehydrogenase was present in all species of mycobacteria tested irrespective of the fact whether they ... Kannan KB, Katoch VM, Bharadwaj VP, Sharma VD, Dutta AK, Venkatesan K. Alanine dehydrogenase in mycobacteria--a preliminary ...
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS): Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Table - Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Japan and Public Health Communication - Volume 21, Number 3-March 2015 -...
Genes | Free Full-Text | Impacts of the Type I Toxin-Antitoxin System, SprG1/SprF1, on Staphylococcus aureus Gene Expression
Alanine dehydrogenase 2 (Ald2). Q99TF4. 1.86 ↓. 7. Phenylalanine--tRNA ligase α subunit (PheS). P68848. 1.55 ↓. ... Pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit β (PdhB). P99063. 1.84 ↓. 2.23 ↓. 12. Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (PdhD). P99084. ... Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GapA1). P99136. 1.62 ↓. * the arrow denotes the direction of regulation; ↑ up- and ... Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 (GapA1). P99136. 1.5 ↓. 16. 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase (HPS). Q7A774. 1.92 ↓. ...
Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis -- New York, 1995
CIPSM - Research Area E
The l-alanine dehydrogenase of Bacillus subtilis (BasAlaDH), which is strictly dependent on NADH as redox cofactor, efficiently ... Analogues of the natural product duocarmycin bearing an indole moiety were shown to bind aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1 (ALDH1A1) ... The thermostable NAD+-dependent alcohol dehydrogenase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus (BsADH) was exploited with regard to ... To enable application of BasAlaDH as regenerating enzyme in coupled reactions with NADPH-dependent alcohol dehydrogenases, we ...
A spore quality-quantity tradeoff favors diverse sporulation strategies in Bacillus subtilis | The ISME Journal
... alanine dehydrogenase (Ald). Ald was found to be a limiting resource during starvation, which is allocated to spores and ... U = 23 (UP=0.01 = 75). c Spore revival in response to a rich nutrient stimulus (33% LB, 33% AGFK, and 33 mM l-alanine). Left: ... U = 10 (UP=0.01 = 70). c Spore revival in response to a rich nutrient stimulus (33% LB, 33% AGFK, and 33 mM l-alanine). Left: ... U = 6 (UP=0.01 = 7). d Spore revival in response to a poor nutrient stimulus (100 mM l-alanine). Left: micrograph of spore ...
PSSD, Withdrawal & Small Fiber Neuropathy? | RxISK
Differences of Clinical Manifestations According to the Patterns of Brain Lesions in Acute Encephalopathy with Reduced...
Maximal aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and kinase levels were also significantly higher in patients with ... Although abnormalities in platelet counts and lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels tended to be ... We investigated the following values: platelet counts; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), ... lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine kinase, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, glucose, and ammonia levels; and cell counts and ...
Difference between revisions of "Carnobacterium" - microbewiki
A cold-active β-galactosidase from C. maltaromaticum and a cold-adapted alanine dehydrogenase from a Carnobacterium sp. related ... A cold-active β-galactosidase from C. maltaromaticum and a cold-adapted alanine dehydrogenase from a Carnobacterium species ... A cold-active β-galactosidase from C. maltaromaticum and a cold-adapted alanine dehydrogenase from a Carnobacterium species ...
Leptospirosis an Alarming Disease - WSAVA2004 - VIN
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Search Results for Endocrinology | AVMA
Electromyographic examinations; measurement of plasma creatine kinase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, ... and lactate dehydrogenase 5 isoenzyme activities and was characterized by nemaline rod inclusions, substantial and progressive ... lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme activities; and skeletal muscle morphologic-morphometric examinations were ...
Propolis Prevents Hepatorenal Injury Induced by Chronic Exposure to Carbon Tetrachloride
... lactate dehydrogenase, protein, urea, albumin, bilirubin, creatinine, triglycerides, and cholesterol in serum. Lipid ... alanine aminotransferase (ALT) [29], alkaline phosphatase (SALP) [30], lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [31], and serum protein ... Alanine aminotransferase (ALT); Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Alkaline phosphatase (SALP).. ... lactate dehydrogenase, protein, urea, albumin, bilirubin, creatinine, triglycerides, and cholesterol in serum. Lipid ...
Preventive activity of banana peel polyphenols on CCl4-induced experimental hepatic injury in Kunming mice
BPPs reduced the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in a CCl4‑ ... AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; BPP, banana peel polyphenol. ... Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde ... Tomizawa M, Kawanabe Y, Shinozaki F, Sato S, Motoyoshi Y, Sugiyama T, Yamamoto S and Sueishi M: Elevated levels of alanine ...
Comparison of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients Infected with the D614G Strain or Alpha Variant of...
... alanine transaminase; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; CRP: C‐reactive protein; IL-6: interleukine-6. ... Lactate dehydrogenase levels predict coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and mortality: A pooled analysis. Am J Emerg ... lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), ferritin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and liver and kidney function tests. Repeat PCR testing was ...
Pumpkin Seed oil
Efficacy of Integrative Chinese-Western Medicine Treatments for COVID-19 Patients in ICU in Yichang, Hubei, China | Research...
Mortality and other adverse outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus admitted for COVID-19 in association with...
Mechanisms of Innate Immune Evasion by Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Lawrence 'Rusty' Hofmann, MD's Profile | Stanford Profiles
... dinucleotide dehydrogenase quinone 1 and alanine transaminase. The enzyme levels were significantly higher in tumor than in ... We have reported previously a high level of [1-(13)C]alanine in an orthotopic HCC using single-voxel hyperpolarized [1-(13)C] ... More importantly, the results demonstrated that the metabolic fate of [1-(13)C]pyruvate conversion to [1-(13)C]alanine ... quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the mRNA levels of lactate dehydrogenase A, nicotinamide ...
Table - Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome in Japan and Public Health Communication - Volume 21, Number 3-March 2015 -...
LactateCreatine kinaseLactic acid dehydrogTransaminaseSerumEnzymeEnzymesPYRUVATELiverProteinNADHSecretionInterproscanSpeciesCholesterolMetaCycAcidClinicalMaximalGeneActivitiesFoundImportantQueryAlkalineSerumIsocitrate dehydrogenaseAldehyde dehydrogenaseAmino acidsGlucosePyruvate dehydrogenasePathwayLactic acidTransaminationRacemaseRecombinantAMMONIASynthesisProteinsNitrogen sourceMycobacteriumLevelsOxidationNAFLDActivityMetabolic
Lactate8
- Thirteen patients had mild serum elevations of liver enzymes aspartase aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. (cdc.gov)
- Hypothyroid myopathy was associated with significant increases in plasma creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase 5 isoenzyme activities and was characterized by nemaline rod inclusions, substantial and progressive predominance of type I myofibers, decrease in mean type II fiber area, subsarcolemmal accumulations of abnormal mitochondria, and myofiber degeneration. (avma.org)
- BPPs reduced the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase in a CCl4‑induced mouse model of hepatic injury. (spandidos-publications.com)
- Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and triglyceride (TG) were evaluated, and in addition tissue levels of MDA, GSH and TG were determined. (spandidos-publications.com)
- In addition, plasma activities of alanine transaminase ( P = .046), lactate dehydrogenase ( P = .039), and creatine kinase ( P = .030) were significantly lower after 6 months in the 50 g/day dried plum group. (nih.gov)
- Elevated levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in patients with nonspecific symptoms often direct attention to liver disease. (rheumatologynetwork.com)
- Abnormal levels of at least 1 of the following enzymes: creatine kinase (CK), aldolase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), based on central laboratory results b. (who.int)
- Our results showed that all dosages induced no significant alterations in growth parameters and the seric levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and activities of glutamic pyruvic transaminase, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase, when compared to the control group. (blogspot.com)
Creatine kinase1
- tate dehydrogenase, and creatine kinase. (cdc.gov)
Lactic acid dehydrog1
- Her alanine aminotransferase level was 46 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase level 120 U/L, and lactic acid dehydrogenase level 274 U/L. (medscape.com)
Transaminase1
- The activity of hexokinase, lactic dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase malic enzyme, 6-phospho-gluconic dehydrogenase, alanine transaminase and aspartase has been studied in the basaliomas using quantitative histochemical methods. (elsevier.com)
Serum2
Enzyme3
- Various mycobacterial species namely M. phlei, M. vaccae, M. scrofulaceum, M. avium and M. tuberculosis have been investigated for the presence of enzyme alanine dehydrogenase which could be important for utilization of alanine by TCA cycle. (who.int)
- An NAD -dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible DEAMINATION of L-ALANINE to PYRUVATE and AMMONIA . (bvsalud.org)
- The enzyme is needed for growth when ALANINE is the sole CARBON or NITROGEN source. (bvsalud.org)
Enzymes1
- Liver function enzymes, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase activities including total cholesterol, total protein, albumin, and globulin were not changed by BV supplementation. (blogspot.com)
PYRUVATE2
Liver1
- When elevated above normal values, the ALT (alanine aminotransferase) and AST (aspartate aminotransferase) tests indicate liver damage. (hepa-merz.com)
Protein4
- The MT-ND4L gene provides instructions for making a protein called NADH dehydrogenase 4L. (medlineplus.gov)
- This mutation, which can be written as T10663C or Val65Ala, changes a single protein building block (amino acid) in the NADH dehydrogenase 4L protein. (medlineplus.gov)
- Specifically, it replaces the amino acid valine with the amino acid alanine at protein position 65. (medlineplus.gov)
- Penicillin-binding protein 5, D-alanyl-D-alanine carboxypeptidase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
NADH1
- SLBB domain, 4Fe-4S dicluster domain, RnfC Barrel sandwich hybrid domain, Respiratory-chain NADH dehydrogenase 51 Kd subunit [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Secretion1
- Even though the ESX-5a region is required for the secretion of Alanine-L dehydrogenase (ALD), it does not contain genes encoding for the components of a secretion system. (umd.edu)
Interproscan3
- N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, Domain of unknown function (DUF1974) [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
- Aldehyde dehydrogenase family [Interproscan]. (ntu.edu.sg)
Species2
- It was found that alanine dehydrogenase was present in all species of mycobacteria tested irrespective of the fact whether they are rapid or slow growers. (who.int)
- Electrophoretic mobilities of alanine dehydrogenase from different species of mycobacteria were not found to be significant for taxonomical differentiation of rapid and slow growers. (who.int)
Cholesterol1
- Alliin, S-allyl-N-acetyl cysteine, S-allylsulfonyl alanine, and S-methyl cysteine had no effect on cholesterol synthesis. (nih.gov)
MetaCyc1
- This reaction is part of the MetaCyc pathway for L-alanine catabolism via D-alanine ( link ). (lbl.gov)
Acid1
- DPD constitutes the first step of the pyrimidine degradation pathway, in which the pyrimidine bases uracil and thymine are catabolized to beta-alanine and the R-enantiomer of beta-aminoisobutyric acid respectively. (hmdb.ca)
Clinical1
- It has been suggested that altered homeostasis of beta-alanine underlies some of the clinical abnormalities encountered in patients with a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency. (hmdb.ca)
Maximal1
- Maximal aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and kinase levels were also significantly higher in patients with diffuse lesions. (ajnr.org)
Gene1
- Genetic Variation in the 11ß-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase 1 Gene Determines NAFLD and Visceral Obesity. (cdc.gov)
Activities1
- Activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) were statistically increased in both sexes of rats exposed to 800 ppm DMF at all time points. (cdc.gov)
Found1
- L-alanine = 499 reactions were found. (tu-bs.de)
Important1
- It may also play a role in CELL WALL synthesis because L-ALANINE is an important constituent of the PEPTIDOGLYCAN layer. (bvsalud.org)
Query1
- Comment: Transporters were identified using: query: transporter:D-alanine:D-ala. (lbl.gov)
Alkaline3
- Males also showed statistically significant decreases in sorbitol dehydrogenase activity at 400 ppm, alanine aminotransferase activity at levels ≥50 ppm, and alkaline phosphatase activity at levels ≥100 ppm. (europa.eu)
- Alanine aminotransferase activity was decreased at ≥200 ppm, and alkaline phosphatase activity decreased at the 400 ppm, in females. (europa.eu)
- In seven cases, blood samples taken during or shortly before surgery were analysed for concentrations of alpha-amylase, 1,2-o-dilauryl-rac-glycero-3-glutaric acid-(6'-methylresorufin) ester lipase (DGGR lipase), C-reactive protein (CRP), alanine aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), canine trypsin-like immunoreactivity (cTLI) and canine pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (cPLI). (laboklin.com)
Serum3
- Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), an indicator of hepatocellular injury, has been suggested as a surrogate marker for NAFLD. (nih.gov)
- Activities of serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) were statistically increased in male and female rats (200 to 800 ppm) on study days 4, 24, and 91 (13 weeks). (cdc.gov)
- Male mice treated with 3 and 6 mg/kg-day and females treated with 6 mg/kg-day demonstrated significantly elevated serum markers of liver injury including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), and liver/body weight percent. (pfascentral.org)
Isocitrate dehydrogenase2
- Co-treatment with LPS and Aroclor 1248 resulted in pronounced liver injury as demonstrated from increased activities of alanine aminotransferase and isocitrate dehydrogenase in plasma. (nih.gov)
- Activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and isocitrate dehydrogenase (ICD) were statistically increased in both sexes of rats exposed to 800 ppm DMF at all time points. (cdc.gov)
Aldehyde dehydrogenase2
Amino acids2
- In vivo, l -glutamine and l -alanine are quantitatively the most abundant amino acids in the blood and extracellular fluids followed closely by the branched chain amino acids ( 6 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Since there is only one dehydrogenase enzyme for all three amino acids, all three a-keto acids accumulate and are excreted in the urine. (drugbank.com)
Glucose2
- Little alteration was found in alanine aminotransferase and UDP-glucose dehydrogenase activity in the lesion. (elsevier.com)
- Name": "CB - Order Information" }, { "Language": "en", "Value": "Recombinant dehydrogenase, that catalyzes the oxidation of Glucose-6-phosphate. (roche.com)
Pyruvate dehydrogenase3
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) deficiency (PDCD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders associated with abnormal mitochondrial metabolism. (medscape.com)
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) converts pyruvate to ACoA, which is one of the two essential substrates needed to produce citrate (see the image below). (medscape.com)
- 0:28:02 Thiamin's role in energy metabolism: pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase. (substack.com)
Pathway1
- This indicates that S. pombe has catabolic pathways for both enantiomers of alanine and that the pathway for L-alanine coupled with racemization plays a major role in the catabolism of D-alanine. (omicsdi.org)
Lactic acid1
- Because pyruvate does not proceed to acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA), it is shunted to other pathways that produce lactic acid and alanine. (medscape.com)
Transamination6
- 6. Carnosine and anserine homeostasis in skeletal muscle and heart is controlled by β-alanine transamination. (nih.gov)
- Treponema denticola cystalysin exhibits significant alanine racemase activity accompanied by transamination: mechanistic implications. (omicsdi.org)
- Racemization and transamination reactions were observed to occur with both alanine isomers as substrates. (omicsdi.org)
- The catalytic efficiency of the half-transamination of L-alanine is found to be 5.3x10(-5) mM(-1) x s(-1), 5-fold higher when compared with that of D-alanine. (omicsdi.org)
- The partition ratio between racemization and half-transamination reactions is 2.3x10(3) for L-alanine and 1.4x10(4) for D-alanine. (omicsdi.org)
- In the reaction, ALT catalyzes the reversible transamination of L-alanine and -ketoglutarate to pyruvate and L-glutamate. (cdc.gov)
Racemase4
- Functional characterization of alanine racemase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe: a eucaryotic counterpart to bacterial alanine racemase. (omicsdi.org)
- The structure of alanine racemase from Acinetobacter baumannii. (omicsdi.org)
- Alanine racemase (Alr) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent enzyme that is responsible for racemization between enantiomers of alanine. (omicsdi.org)
- The crystal structure of A. baumannii alanine racemase (AlrAba) from the highly antibiotic-resistant NCTC13302 strain has been solved to 1.9 Å resolution. (omicsdi.org)
Recombinant1
- The recombinant yeast was relieved from the toxicity of D-alanine. (omicsdi.org)
AMMONIA1
- An NAD -dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible DEAMINATION of L-ALANINE to PYRUVATE and AMMONIA . (bvsalud.org)
Synthesis2
- It may also play a role in CELL WALL synthesis because L-ALANINE is an important constituent of the PEPTIDOGLYCAN layer. (bvsalud.org)
- DPO is made from threonine and alanine, and its synthesis depends on threonine dehydrogenase (Tdh). (princeton.edu)
Proteins1
- Other proteins claimed to be associated with the cell wall of mycobacteria are the 10-kDa GroES and 70-kDa DnaK homologs, SodA, alanine dehydrogenase (2), and the chaperonin 65-kDa GroEL-2 homolog (14, 20). (recob-tlse.org)
Nitrogen source4
- The enzyme is needed for growth when ALANINE is the sole CARBON or NITROGEN source. (bvsalud.org)
- S. pombe uses D-alanine as a sole nitrogen source, but deletion of the alr1(+) gene resulted in retarded growth on the same medium. (omicsdi.org)
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae differs markedly from S. pombe: S. cerevisiae uses L-alanine but not D-alanine as a sole nitrogen source. (omicsdi.org)
- However, heterologous expression of the alr1(+) gene enabled S. cerevisiae to grow efficiently on D-alanine as a sole nitrogen source. (omicsdi.org)
Mycobacterium2
- These similarities suggest that antibodies which recognized the alanine dehydrogenase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis can also be directed against the membrane bound pyridine nucleotide transhydrogenase. (unamur.be)
- Giffin MM, Shi L, Gennaro ML, Sohaskey CD.Role of Alanine Dehydrogenase of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during Recovery from Hypoxic Nonreplicating Persistence. (fudan.edu.cn)
Levels2
- Additionally, it was observed that those hospitalised with COVID-19 have elevated levels of lactic dehydrogenase, α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and γ-glutamyltransferase. (fitterfly.com)
- however, high levels of deuterium enrichment were detected in all presented molecules - for phenylalanine the enrichment was six, leucine/isoleucine - 5.1, valine - 4.7, and alanine - 3.1 deuterium atoms. (ukrreferat.com)
Oxidation3
- use ACYLTRANSFERASES 1973-1979, use COENZYME A & PHOSPHOLIPIDS 1973-1978 MH - 1-Pyrroline-5-Carboxylate Dehydrogenase UI - D050842 MN - D8.811.682.662.693 MS - An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate to L-GLUTAMATE in the presence of NAD. (nih.gov)
- HN - 2006(1983) MH - 2-Oxoisovalerate Dehydrogenase (Acylating) UI - D050645 MN - D8.811.682.657.350.825 MS - An NAD+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate to 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA. (nih.gov)
- use ANTHRANILIC ACID 1974-1979 MH - 3-Isopropylmalate Dehydrogenase UI - D050539 MN - D8.811.682.47.500 MS - An NAD+ dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 3-carboxy-2-hydroxy-4-methylpentanoate to 3-carboxy-4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate. (nih.gov)
NAFLD2
- 11β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD11B1), which converts inactive glucocorticoid to active glucocorticoid, plays a critical role in pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). (nih.gov)
- Genetic Variation in the 11ß-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase 1 Gene Determines NAFLD and Visceral Obesity. (cdc.gov)
Activity4
- N o correlation between alanine dehydrogenase activity and nitrogenase activity in these other eight strains was observed. (mpg.de)
- β-Alanopine dehydrogenase activity, which catalyzes the reductive condensation of β-alanine and pyruvate, was confirmed in this bivalve mollusc. (elsevier.com)
- Since tissues of this bivalve showed a high β-alanopine dehydrogenase activity and contained large amounts of β-alanine, β-alanopine dehydrogenase may play an important physiological role in the regulation of cytoplasmic redox balance like other opine dehydrogenases. (elsevier.com)
- During the reaction of cystalysin with L- or D-alanine, a time-dependent loss of beta-elimination activity occurs concomitantly with the conversion of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) coenzyme into pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate (PMP). (omicsdi.org)
Metabolic1
- 1. β-Alanine intercede metabolic recovery for amelioration of human cervical and renal tumors. (nih.gov)
