Akinetic Mutism
Mutism
Aggravation of brainstem symptoms caused by a large superior cerebellar artery aneurysm after embolization by Guglielmi detachable coils--case report. (1/22)
An 81-year-old male presented with right oculomotor nerve paresis and left hemiparesis caused by a mass effect of a large superior cerebellar artery aneurysm. Endovascular treatment was performed using Guglielmi detachable coils. The patient subsequently suffered aggravation of the mass effect 3 weeks after the embolization. Bilateral vertebral artery occlusion was performed, which decreased the cerebral edema surrounding the aneurysm, but his neurological symptoms did not improve. Parent artery occlusion is recommended as the first choice of treatment for an unclippable large or giant aneurysm causing a mass effect on the brainstem. (+info)Residual cerebral activity and behavioural fragments can remain in the persistently vegetative brain. (2/22)
This report identifies evidence of partially functional cerebral regions in catastrophically injured brains. To study five patients in a persistent vegetative state (PVS) with different behavioural features, we employed [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), MRI and magnetoencephalographic (MEG) responses to sensory stimulation. Each patient's brain expressed a unique metabolic pattern. In three of the five patients, co-registered PET/MRI correlate islands of relatively preserved brain metabolism with isolated fragments of behaviour. Two patients had suffered anoxic injuries and demonstrated marked decreases in overall cerebral metabolism to 30-40% of normal. Two other patients with non-anoxic, multifocal brain injuries demonstrated several isolated brain regions with relatively higher metabolic rates, that ranged up to 50-80% of normal. Nevertheless, their global metabolic rates remained <50% of normal. MEG recordings from three PVS patients provide clear evidence for the absence, abnormality or reduction of evoked responses. Despite major abnormalities, however, these data also provide evidence for localized residual activity at the cortical level. Each patient partially preserved restricted sensory representations, as evidenced by slow evoked magnetic fields and gamma band activity. In two patients, these activations correlate with isolated behavioural patterns and metabolic activity. Remaining active regions identified in the three PVS patients with behavioural fragments appear to consist of segregated corticothalamic networks that retain connectivity and partial functional integrity. A single patient who suffered severe injury to the tegmental mesencephalon and paramedian thalamus showed widely preserved cortical metabolism, and a global average metabolic rate of 65% of normal. The relatively high preservation of cortical metabolism in this patient defines the first functional correlate of clinical- pathological reports associating permanent unconsciousness with structural damage to these regions. The specific patterns of preserved metabolic activity identified in these patients do not appear to represent random survivals of a few neuronal islands; rather they reflect novel evidence of the modular nature of individual functional networks that underlie conscious brain function. The variations in cerebral metabolism in chronic PVS patients indicate that some cerebral regions can retain partial function in catastrophically injured brains. (+info)Posterior encephalopathy subsequent to cyclosporin A presenting as irreversible abulia. (3/22)
A case of cyclosporin A (Cys A)-induced posterior encephalopathy developed into persistent abulia despite rapid and marked improvement of abnormal T2- and FLAIR MRI hyperintense regions. Diffusion-weighted MRI signal intensity was also high at the onset. This change is atypical in Cys A-induced encephalopathy and was thought to predict poor recovery from the encephalopathy. Persistent abulia was probably due to marked hypoperfusion in the whole cortex including bilateral frontal lobes and basal ganglia as detected by SPECT. Apart from the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier, direct toxicity of Cys A to the brain may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic, irreversible encephalopathy. (+info)Leukoencephalopathy induced by tegafur: serial studies of somatosensory evoked potentials and cerebrospinal fluid. (4/22)
A case of leukoencephalopathy induced by tegafur, an antineoplastic derivative of 5-FU, is reported. The patient received 600 mg of tegafur p.o. for 16 days before excision of rectal cancer. After the operation, gait disturbance and mental abnormalities appeared. He became akinetic and mute within a few days following readministration of tegafur. Serial studies of brain CT, somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) were made, and myelin basic proteins (MBP) in the cerebrospinal fluid were measured. The level of MBP was about twice the normal value and the central conduction time (CCT) of SEP was prolonged at admission. The value of MBP and CCT improved with recovery from akinetic mutism. (+info)Abulia following penetrating brain injury during endoscopic sinus surgery with disruption of the anterior cingulate circuit: case report. (5/22)
BACKGROUND: It is common knowledge that the frontal lobes mediate complex human behavior and that damage to these regions can cause executive dysfunction, apathy, disinhibition and personality changes. However, it is less well known that subcortical structures such as the caudate and thalamus are part of functionally segregated fronto-subcortical circuits, that can also alter behavior after injury. CASE PRESENTATION We present a 57 year old woman who suffered penetrating brain injury during endoscopic sinus surgery causing right basal ganglia injury which resulted in an abulic syndrome. CONCLUSION: Abulia does not result solely from cortical injury but can occur after disruption anywhere in the anterior cingulate circuit--in the case of our patient, most prominently at the right caudate. (+info)MRI findings from a case of fulminating adult-onset measles encephalitis. (6/22)
We report a rare case of fulminating adult-onset measles encephalitis. A 34-year-old man developed a comatose state after measles eruptions and ultimately akinetic mutism. Titers of anti-measles IgM antibodies were elevated in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) 3 months after onset revealed widespread hyperintense lesions in the periventricular white matter and marginal hyperintense lesions in the brainstem on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion-weighted images. The marginal lesions in the brainstem are similar to subpial demyelinating lesions seen in postinfectious encephalomyelitis. This case of encephalitis may be related to an autoimmune-mediated process triggered by measles infection. (+info)Akinetic mutism after right internal watershed infarction. (7/22)
We describe a 72-year-old man who developed akinetic mutism following a cerebrovascular accident involving his right internal watershed area and responded well to dopaminergic agonists. We discuss this rare condition and the unusual unilateral location of the lesion. (+info)Akinetic mutism responsive to bromocriptine following subdural hematoma evacuation in a patient with hydrocephalus. (8/22)
An 11-year-old girl with obstructive hydrocephalus developed akinetic mutism after treatment for hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis by ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting. Bilateral chronic subdural hematomas developed about 2 months after insertion of the VP shunt and were evacuated. Postoperatively, the patient developed akinetic mutism, but her condition improved after administration of bromocriptine. Absence of abnormalities on dopamine transporter single photon emission computed tomography, lack of clinical response to levodopa treatment, and normal homovanillic acid concentration in the cerebrospinal fluid all indicated normal dopamine production. Pressure on the periventricular monoamine projections in the thalamus and hypothalamus without major dopamine deprivation in the striatum may have been the most important factors in the development of akinetic mutism in this patient. (+info)Akinetic mutism is a neurological condition characterized by a severe decrease in initiating and sustaining voluntary movements and speech, along with a decreased level of responsiveness to the environment. It is often caused by damage to the frontal lobe of the brain, particularly to the anterior cingulate cortex and its connections to other parts of the brain.
People with akinetic mutism may appear awake and have their eyes open, but they are generally unresponsive to external stimuli and do not initiate voluntary movements or speech on their own. They may occasionally respond to direct questions or commands, but their responses are often limited and delayed. The condition can be caused by various factors, including brain injury, stroke, tumors, infections, or degenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease.
Akinetic mutism is distinct from a vegetative state, which is characterized by the absence of both awareness and sleep-wake cycles. In contrast, people with akinetic mutism may retain some degree of awareness and have sleep-wake cycles, although their level of responsiveness is significantly reduced.
1. Mutism (also known as Selective Mutism) is a psychological disorder where a person becomes unable to speak in specific situations or around certain people, despite having normal language skills. It's most commonly diagnosed in children and can lead to significant distress and impairment in social communication and academic performance. The exact cause of mutism isn't well understood, but it's believed to be related to anxiety and social phobias.
2. In a medical context, Mutism may also refer to a symptom characterized by the loss of speech due to neurological or psychological conditions, such as after a stroke or head injury, or in response to severe emotional trauma. This is different from Selective Mutism, which is a specific anxiety disorder that occurs in certain situations and not others.
Akinetic mutism
Hypokinesia
Bulbocapnine
Catatonia
Athymhormic syndrome
Anhedonia
Corpus callosum
Encephalitis lethargica
Abulia
The Doorman (2020 film)
Toxic leukoencephalopathy
New Brunswick neurological syndrome of unknown cause
Mesolimbic pathway
Glossary of psychiatry
Intralaminar thalamic nuclei
Thalamus
Foix-Chavany-Marie syndrome
Will (philosophy)
Audrey Santo
Apathy
Anterior cingulate cortex
Neural correlates of consciousness
Focal neurologic signs
List of MeSH codes (C10)
Interventricular foramina (neuroanatomy)
Frontal lobe disorder
Lesion network mapping
Locked-in syndrome
Anterior cerebral artery
Executive functions
Akinetic mutism - Wikipedia
Akinetic Mutism (Mutism Akinetic): Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment - Symptoma
Spastic Paraplegia 11 - GeneReviews® - NCBI Bookshelf
KZSU Music - Zookeeper Online
Table 1 - Variably Protease-Sensitive Prionopathy, a Unique Prion Variant with Inefficient Transmission Properties - Volume 20,...
Frontal Lobe Syndromes: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
urofacial syndrome - Ontology Browser - Rat Genome Database
Frontiers | The role of domain-general cognitive control in language comprehension
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Treating Persistent Catatonia When Benzodiazepines Fail - MHAUS
EEG in Dementia and Encephalopathy: Overview, Dementia, Vascular Dementia
KZSU Music - Zookeeper Online
COVID-19-Associated Benzodiazepine-Resistant Catatonia Responds to Amantadine | Psychiatrist.com
Groenewegen, H. J.<...
stchadwick - Gloria.tv
Insomnia Drug Can Improve Brain Function In Certain Patients | ScienceDaily
Frontiers | The Influences of Emotion on Learning and Memory
Review of states of prolonged impaired consciousness ~ Pallimed
Department of Health and Aged Care | Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease surveillance - Australia at the cross-roads?
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DeCS
Pesquisa | Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde
Angela Riccio | Fondazione Santa Lucia
Guide Template - Brain injury - D'Amore Personal Injury Law, LLC
Disorders of consciousness | MedLink Neurology
LOVA - Neurosurgery Research Listserv
Comparison results «Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease»
Anterior cerebr1
- Abstract Three cases of bilateral anterior cerebral artery occlusion are presented with akinetic mutism. (symptoma.com)
Tremor1
- Afterwards she presented akinetic mutism, hands tremor, orofacial dyskinesias and seizures. (revmexneurociencia.com)
Locked-in syndr2
- Other causes of akinetic mutism are as follows: Respiratory arrest and cerebral hypoxia Acute cases of encephalitis lethargica Meningitis Hydrocephalus Trauma Tumors Aneurysms Olfactory groove meningioma Cyst in third ventricle Toxical lesions and infections of central nervous system Delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (mesencephalic form) Akinetic mutism can be misdiagnosed as depression, delirium, or locked-in syndrome, all of which are common following a stroke. (wikipedia.org)
- Similarly to akinetic mutism, patients with locked-in syndrome experience paralysis and can only communicate with their eyes. (wikipedia.org)
Apathy3
- Lack of motor function (but not paralysis) Lack of speech Apathy Slowness Disinhibition Akinetic mutism can be caused by a variety of things. (wikipedia.org)
- Patients with depression can experience apathy, slurring of speech, and body movements similar to akinetic mutism. (wikipedia.org)
- The major syndromes of diminished motivation are apathy, abulia, and akinetic mutism. (qxmd.com)
Apathetic1
- Mesencephalic akinetic mutism is clinically categorized as somnolent or apathetic akinetic mutism. (wikipedia.org)
Dementia1
- It usually begins with memory loss, followed by rapidly progressing dementia, loss of coordination, slurred speech and myoclonus, and - in the final stages - akinetic mutism, coma and death. (health.gov.au)
Encephalitis1
- We also considered other possible etiologies, including post-COVID-19 encephalitis, akinetic mutism, mood disorder with psychotic features, and delirium. (psychiatrist.com)
Stupor1
- He also showed mutism, immobility, and stupor. (mhaus.org)
Rigidity1
- Intravenous lorazepam 1 mg was administered with subsequent improvement in mutism and rigidity. (psychiatrist.com)
Akinesia2
- Akinetic mutism is a medical condition where patients tend neither to move (akinesia) nor speak (mutism). (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Another cause of both akinesia and mutism is ablation of the cingulate gyrus. (wikipedia.org)
Myoclonus1
- Nöroloji Kliniği, ANKARA Apatient who was complaining of behavioral changes and forgetfulness, developed over weeks, and diagnosed as probable Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease based on akinetic mutism accompanied by generalized myoclonus observed during her examinations and periodic sharp wave discharges in her EEG, is presented in this paper. (dergisi.org)
Immobility1
- Akinetic Mutism - A condition of silent, alert-appearing, immobility that characterizes certain subacute or chronic states of altered consciousness. (silverneurosurgery.com)
Patients10
- Akinetic mutism was first described in 1941 as a mental state where patients lack the ability to move or speak. (wikipedia.org)
- Patients with akinetic mutism are not paralyzed, but lack the will to move. (wikipedia.org)
- Akinetic mutism varies across all patients. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] Akinetic mutism is a symptom during the final stages of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (a rare degenerative brain disease) and can help diagnose patients with this disease. (wikipedia.org)
- A variety of treatments for akinetic mutism have been documented, but treatments vary between patients and cases. (wikipedia.org)
- Patients with lesions affecting the cingulate cortex typically develop akinetic mutism. (medscape.com)
- 1 There has been a growing number of reports of the akinetic variant of catatonia in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2 exceeding all other viral infections. (psychiatrist.com)
- Akinetic mutism describes the statewhen patients are without purposeful movement andmute. (childpsychiatryassociates.com)
- Among the 4 patients who underwent surgery, 1 died after a short period of 'akinetic mutism. (blogspot.com)
- The current study identifies 28 cases in the medical literature where brain injury disrupted volition, leaving patients with akinetic mutism, a lack of motivation to move or speak. (health-innovations.org)
Bilateral1
- Akinetic mutism can occur in the frontal region of the brain and occurs because of bilateral frontal lobe damage. (wikipedia.org)
Symptoms4
- citation needed] Treatments using intravenous magnesium sulfate have shown to reduce the symptoms of akinetic mutism. (wikipedia.org)
- As seen in the case of Elsie Nicks, the puncture or removal of a cyst causing akinetic mutism can relieve symptoms almost immediately. (wikipedia.org)
- Symptoms of akinetic mutism suggest a possible presynaptic deficit in the nigrostriatal pathway, which transmits dopamine. (wikipedia.org)
- The clinical picture slowly worsened to a state of akinetic mutism in about 2 years, and the patient died six years after the onset of symptoms. (longdom.org)
Severe2
- Akinetic mutism is often the result of severe frontal lobe injury in which the pattern of inhibitory control is one of increasing passivity and gradually decreasing speech and motion. (wikipedia.org)
- We hypothesize that, despite a dramatic neurological picture (i.e. akinetic mutism) and a severe sleep micro-structural alteration, the persistence of an autonomic modulation and the persistence of a rudimental circadian and ultradian oscillation, are related to the relatively conserved anatomo-functional integrity of foundamental neuronal systems in the brainstem. (longdom.org)
Stroke1
- citation needed] Many cases of akinetic mutism occur after a thalamic stroke. (wikipedia.org)
Disorders1
- 25 Akinetic mutism and related disorders. (unige.ch)
Frontal3
- However, akinetic mutism most often appears in two different forms: frontal and mesencephalic. (wikipedia.org)
- Akinetic mutism as a result of frontal lobe damage is clinically characterized as hyperpathic. (wikipedia.org)
- Serotonin Syndrome Following Combined Administration of Dopaminergic and Noradrenergic Agents in a Patient With Akinetic Mutism After Frontal Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Case Report 3. (luga.co.kr)
Motivation1
- This state of akinetic mutism varies in intensity, but it is distinguished by drowsiness, lack of motivation, hyper-somnolence, and reduction in spontaneous verbal and motor actions. (wikipedia.org)
Patient1
- A new study reported that zolpidem, a drug normally used to treat insomnia, temporarily improved brain function in a patient suffering from akinetic mutism, a condition in which the person is alert but cannot speak or move. (sciencedaily.com)
Years1
- Within several years, she developed akinetic mutism. (mmp-signal.com)
Woman2
- In one case, a 59-year-old woman was administered intravenous magnesium sulfate in an attempt to resolve her akinetic mutism. (wikipedia.org)
- Led by Christine Brefel-Courbon, M.D., of the University Hospital in Toulouse, France, researchers conducted a study of a 48 year-old woman who developed akinetic mutism due to oxygen deprivation to her brain following an attempted suicide by hanging. (sciencedaily.com)
Apathetic akinetic mutism2
- Mesencephalic akinetic mutism is clinically categorized as somnolent or apathetic akinetic mutism. (wikipedia.org)
- One is related to the mesencephalic region and is described as apathetic akinetic mutism or somnolent mutism. (medscape.com)
Mesencephalic region1
- Akinetic mutism can also occur as a result of damage to the mesencephalic region of the brain. (wikipedia.org)
Lesions1
- Patients with lesions affecting the cingulate cortex typically develop akinetic mutism. (medscape.com)
Cingulate1
- When the anterior cingulate cortex is damaged, it can result in akinetic mutism. (wikipedia.org)
Neurological1
- Because neurogenic mutism is a neurological disorder you may want to consider pursuing board certification from the Academy of Neurologic Communication Disorders and Sciences . (disabilitytalk.net)
Absence2
- Stuporous state with mutism and absence of movement. (behavenet.com)
- Mutism refers to the absence of speech. (technologynetworks.com)
Selective1
- There is no industry standard certification for treating selective mutism, but there are a handful of organizations that offer information, webinars, and educational opportunities to grow in this area. (disabilitytalk.net)
Occur2
- citation needed] Many cases of akinetic mutism occur after a thalamic stroke. (wikipedia.org)
- Akinetic mutism can also occur when there is apex legends no recoil hack of the posterior diencephalon and "loss of psychic self-activation. (tiojorge.com.br)
Refers1
- The cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS) refers to the constellation of transient mutism, ataxia, hypotonia and irritability following surgery for cerebellar or fourth ventricle tumours in children and adolescents [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
State2
- This state of akinetic mutism varies in intensity, but it is distinguished by drowsiness, lack of motivation, hyper-somnolence, and reduction in spontaneous verbal and motor actions. (wikipedia.org)
- She remained in a state of akinetic mutism and died in June 2004, ≈32 months after illness onset. (cdc.gov)
Adult1
- Cite this: Mutism in the Older Adult - Medscape - Sep 01, 2005. (medscape.com)
Impairment1
- The type of mutism which is caused by physical impairment of brain or speech motor system due to a multitude of reasons including birth defects, accidents, head or neck injuries , strokes or Parkinsons Disease. (disabilitytalk.net)
Term1
- [ 8 ] the term akinetic mutism (AM) has been used to describe a syndrome characterized by marked reduction of nearly all motor functions, including facial expression, gestures, and speech output, but with some degree of alertness. (medscape.com)
Speech1
- Lack of motor function (but not paralysis) Lack of speech Apathy Slowness Disinhibition Akinetic mutism can be caused by a variety of things. (wikipedia.org)
Body1
- There is no one governing body that certifies practitioners in treating mutism, but there are a handful of options you can pursue if you want to improve your ability to treat those with various forms of mutism. (disabilitytalk.net)
Visual1
- Suprachiasmatic pressure may cause altitudinal visual field deficits, abulia or akinetic mutism, amnestic syndromes, or hypothalamic dysfunction. (medscape.com)