Thin-walled sacs or spaces which function as a part of the respiratory system in birds, fishes, insects, and mammals.
The mixture of gases present in the earth's atmosphere consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.
The first of four extra-embryonic membranes to form during EMBRYOGENESIS. In REPTILES and BIRDS, it arises from endoderm and mesoderm to incorporate the EGG YOLK into the DIGESTIVE TRACT for nourishing the embryo. In placental MAMMALS, its nutritional function is vestigial; however, it is the source of INTESTINAL MUCOSA; BLOOD CELLS; and GERM CELLS. It is sometimes called the vitelline sac, which should not be confused with the VITELLINE MEMBRANE of the egg.
An unnaturally deep or rough quality of voice.
A genus of deer, Rangifer, that inhabits the northern parts of Europe, Asia, and America. Caribou is the North American name; reindeer, the European. They are often domesticated and used, especially in Lapland, for drawing sleds and as a source of food. Rangifer is the only genus of the deer family in which both sexes are antlered. Most caribou inhabit arctic tundra and surrounding arboreal coniferous forests and most have seasonal shifts in migration. They are hunted extensively for their meat, skin, antlers, and other parts. (From Webster, 3d ed; Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1397)
A tubular organ of VOICE production. It is located in the anterior neck, superior to the TRACHEA and inferior to the tongue and HYOID BONE.
General name for two extinct orders of reptiles from the Mesozoic era: Saurischia and Ornithischia.
Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.
The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. The substances may include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; or volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.
The blind pouch at the end of the endolymphatic duct. It is a storage reservoir for excess ENDOLYMPH, formed by the blood vessels in the membranous labyrinth.
Sounds used in animal communication.
The neck muscles consist of the platysma, splenius cervicis, sternocleidomastoid(eus), longus colli, the anterior, medius, and posterior scalenes, digastric(us), stylohyoid(eus), mylohyoid(eus), geniohyoid(eus), sternohyoid(eus), omohyoid(eus), sternothyroid(eus), and thyrohyoid(eus).
The tubular and cavernous organs and structures, by means of which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange between ambient air and the blood are brought about.
The upper part of the trunk between the NECK and the ABDOMEN. It contains the chief organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
A pair of anal glands or sacs, located on either side of the ANUS, that produce and store a dark, foul-smelling fluid in carnivorous animals such as MEPHITIDAE and DOGS. The expelled fluid is used as a defensive repellent (in skunks) or a material to mark territory (in dogs).
Large woodland game BIRDS in the subfamily Meleagridinae, family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. Formerly they were considered a distinct family, Melegrididae.
Infections with species of the genus MYCOPLASMA.
Blocking of a blood vessel by air bubbles that enter the circulatory system, usually after TRAUMA; surgical procedures, or changes in atmospheric pressure.
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the air. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.
Common name for small PASSERIFORMES in the family Fringillidae. They have a short stout bill (BEAK) adapted for crushing SEEDS. Some species of Old World finches are called CANARIES.
PASSERIFORMES of the suborder, Oscines, in which the flexor tendons of the toes are separate, and the lower syrinx has 4 to 9 pairs of tensor muscles inserted at both ends of the tracheal half rings. They include many commonly recognized birds such as CROWS; FINCHES; robins; SPARROWS; and SWALLOWS.
An activity in which the organism plunges into water. It includes scuba and bell diving. Diving as natural behavior of animals goes here, as well as diving in decompression experiments with humans or animals.
The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.
Domesticated birds raised for food. It typically includes CHICKENS; TURKEYS, DUCKS; GEESE; and others.
The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.
Objective tests of middle ear function based on the difficulty (impedance) or ease (admittance) of sound flow through the middle ear. These include static impedance and dynamic impedance (i.e., tympanometry and impedance tests in conjunction with intra-aural muscle reflex elicitation). This term is used also for various components of impedance and admittance (e.g., compliance, conductance, reactance, resistance, susceptance).

Fish swimbladder: an excellent mesodermal inductor in primary embryonic induction. (1/194)

Swimbladder of the crucian carp, Carassius auratus, was found to be better as a vegatalizing tissue than other tissues, such as guinea-pig bone marrow, when presumptive ectoderm of Triturus gastrulae was used as reacting tissue. Swimbladder usually induced assemblies of highly organized mesodermal tissues, such as notochord, somites and pronephric tubules, some of which were covered by mesodermal epithelium without any epidermal covering. A special character of the effect of swimbladder was the rather frequent induction of solid balls of undifferentiated cells, which were identified as mesodermal or mesodermal and probably endodermal. These findings show that swimbladder has a strong and fast spreading vegetalizing effect on the responding presumptive ectoderm.  (+info)

Pathogenesis of Newcastle disease in chickens experimentally infected with viruses of different virulence. (2/194)

Groups of 4-week-old White Rock chickens were inoculated intraconjunctivally with nine isolates of Newcastle disease virus representing all pathotypes. Birds were monitored clinically and euthanatized sequentially, with collection of tissues for histopathologic examination and in situ hybridization using an anti-sense digoxigenin-labeled riboprobe corresponding to the sequence of the gene coding for the matrix protein. Disease was most severe with velogenic viscerotropic pathotypes and was characterized by acute systemic illness with extensive necrosis of lymphoid areas in the spleen and intestine. Viral nucleic acid was detected in multiple tissues but most prominently in macrophages associated with lymphoid tissue. Velogenic neurotropic isolates caused central nervous system disease despite minimal amounts of viral nucleic acid detected in neural tissue. Mesogenic and lentogenic pathotypes caused no overt disease; however, viral nucleic acid was present in myocardium and air sac epithelium following infection with these isolates. Compromise of air sac and myocardium may predispose mesogen- and lentogen-infected chickens to secondary infection and/or decreased meat and egg production.  (+info)

Communication signals and sound production mechanisms of mormyrid electric fish. (3/194)

The African weakly electric fishes Pollimyrus isidori and Pollimyrus adspersus (Mormyridae) produce elaborate acoustic displays during social communication in addition to their electric organ discharges (EODs). In this paper, we provide new data on the EODs of these sound-producing mormyrids and on the mechanisms they use to generate species-typical sounds. Although it is known that the EODs are usually species-specific and sexually dimorphic, the EODs of closely related sound-producing mormyrids have not previously been compared. The data presented demonstrate that there is a clear sexual dimorphism in the EOD waveform of P. isidori. Females have a multi-phasic EOD that is more complex than the male's biphasic EOD. In this respect, P. isidori is similar to its more thoroughly studied congener P. adspersus, which has a sexually dimorphic EOD. The new data also reveal that the EODs of these two species are distinct, thus showing for the first time that species-specificity in EODs is characteristic of these fishes, which also generate species-specific courtship sounds. The sound-generating mechanism is based on a drumming muscle coupled to the swimbladder. Transverse sections through decalcified male and female P. adspersus revealed a muscle that envelops the caudal pole of the swimbladder and that is composed of dorso-ventrally oriented fibers. The muscle is five times larger in males (14.5+/-4.4 microl, mean +/- s.d.) than in females (3.2+/-1.8 microl). The fibers are also of significantly larger diameter in males than in females. Males generate courtship sounds and females do not. The function of the swimbladder muscle was tested using behavioral experiments. Male P. adspersus normally produce acoustic courtship displays when presented with female-like electrical stimuli. However, local anesthesia of the swimbladder muscle muted males. In control trials, males continued to produce sounds after injection of either lidocaine in the trunk muscles or saline in the swimbladder muscles.  (+info)

Trading force for speed: why superfast crossbridge kinetics leads to superlow forces. (4/194)

Superfast muscles power high-frequency motions such as sound production and visual tracking. As a class, these muscles also generate low forces. Using the toadfish swimbladder muscle, the fastest known vertebrate muscle, we examined the crossbridge kinetic rates responsible for high contraction rates and how these might affect force generation. Swimbladder fibers have evolved a 10-fold faster crossbridge detachment rate than fast-twitch locomotory fibers, but surprisingly the crossbridge attachment rate has remained unchanged. These kinetics result in very few crossbridges being attached during contraction of superfast fibers (only approximately 1/6 of that in locomotory fibers) and thus low force. This imbalance between attachment and detachment rates is likely to be a general mechanism that imposes a tradeoff of force for speed in all superfast fibers.  (+info)

Proliferative lesions in swimbladder of Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes and guppy Poecilia reticulata. (5/194)

Thirteen cases of proliferative lesions of the swimbladder were encountered in Japanese medaka Oryzias latipes and guppy Poecilia reticulata from about 10,000 medaka and 5000 guppies used in carcinogenicity tests and histologically examined. Two of the 4 cases from medaka and 8 of the 9 from guppies occurred in untreated control specimens. The lesions affected the gas gland epithelium and included hyperplasia, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma. One medaka had hyperplasia of the gas gland epithelium and in 1 guppy the gland was enlarged with an increase in the number of epithelial layers. Gas gland adenomas, 3 cases in medaka and 1 in the guppy, were typically larger than the hyperplastic lesions, formed expansive masses up to 1 mm in greatest dimension, and exhibited a solid or glandular growth pattern and mild cellular pleomorphism. Adenocarcinoma was the most advanced lesion and all 7 cases occurred in guppies. Adenocarcinomas sometimes filled the entire swimbladder and measured up to 2.5 mm in diameter. Cells of adenocarcinomas were highly pleomorphic, with atypical nuclei, and an elevated mitotic activity. Because most of these tumors occurred in fish from control groups or in tests with noncarcinogenic compounds, the lesions observed here are probably spontaneous rather than chemically induced. Their rare occurrence, however, makes swimbladder proliferative lesions in small-fish carcinogenesis models sensitive indicators of compounds that might target cells of the gas gland.  (+info)

Histopathological changes in the swimbladder wall of the European eel Anguilla anguilla due to infections with Anguillicola crassus. (6/194)

The histopathological changes in swimbladders of European eels naturally and experimentally infected with Anguillicola crassus were studied using transmission and scanning electron microscopy. During the course of probably several infections swimbladders undergo characteristic changes. In addition to the thickening of the entire swimbladder wall, and to the folded internal surface of this organ, inflammation, migration of white blood cells, fibrosis and changes in the epithelial cells are frequently seen. Epithelial cells tend to proliferate heavily and form hyperplastic tissues; these processes are accompanied by changes in the internal structure of the cells. The normally cubic cells become spherical or columnar and form folds facing the lumen of the swimbladder. As a consequence, most of these cells lose contact with the blood vessels and show no strict polarity. In heavily affected swimbladders the basal labyrinth of the epithelial cells is reduced, i.e. becomes shorter and less densely packed. The lamina propria shows severe fibrosis with infiltration of white blood cells. Larvae of A. crassus, inhabiting the wall of the swimbladder, were found to be surrounded by cell debris, but this local necrosis does not affect the entire swimbladder in its overall structure. These histological findings can partly explain changes in the gas composition in eels infected with A. crassus.  (+info)

Expression of two vacuolar-type ATPase B subunit isoforms in swimbladder gas gland cells of the European eel: nucleotide sequences and deduced amino acid sequences. (7/194)

The poly(A)(+) RNA of swimbladder gas gland cells of the European eel Anguilla anguilla was isolated and used for cDNA synthesis. Using a pair of degenerate PCR primers directed towards the evolutionary highly conserved central part of the B subunit of vacuolar type H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) a fragment of 388 bp was amplified. By sequencing the cloned PCR products two different amplicons with a sequence identity of about 86% were obtained. BLASTN searches revealed a high degree of similarity of both to V-ATPase B subunits of other species. The sequences were completed by performing rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR, subsequent cloning, and sequencing of the obtained products. The expression of two different isoforms of the V-ATPase B subunit is already demonstrated for Homo sapiens and Bos taurus. This is the first report that attributes the same phenomenon to a non-mammalian species, A. anguilla. The first isoform found in eel (vatB2) shows the highest degree of amino acid sequence homology with the human brain isoform (98.2%), the second one (vatB1) with the B subunit sequence of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) gill and kidney (98, 6%). The alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of vatB1 and vatB2 shows that the highest sequence variation between these two isoforms is found at the amino-terminus, where vatB1 is nine amino acids shorter than vatB2, while at the carboxy-terminus it is two amino acids longer than vatB2. This has also been reported for the human and bovine kidney isoforms when compared with the brain isoforms. Northern blot analysis using specific hybridization probes revealed the expression of two mRNA's with lengths of about 2.9 kb and 3.5 kb for vatB1 and vatB2, respectively. For mammals, it is well known that V-ATPases containing the kidney isoforms of the B subunit are responsible for the extrusion of protons across the plasma membranes of several cell types. The fact that eel vatB1 seems to share structural features with the kidney isoforms in mammals supports the hypothesis that in gas gland cells a V-ATPase contributes to the acidification of the blood in the swimbladder.  (+info)

Effect of salinity on hatching, survival and infectivity of Anguillicola crassus (Nematoda: Dracunculoidea) larvae. (8/194)

The effect of salinity on hatching, larval survival and infectivity of Anguillicola crassus was studied under experimental conditions using eggs obtained from naturally infected eels. Egg hatching rate, second-stage larval survival and larval infectivity were maximal in fresh water and declined with increase in salinity. Larvae survived up to 100 d in fresh water, 70 d in 50 % sea water and 40 d in 100% sea water. Infectivity experiments demonstrated that salinity influenced transmission success throughout the life cycle by decreasing total infectivity of the larval population in utero within female A. crassus and when larvae were free-living in the aquatic environment. Infectivity was age-dependent in relation to salinity. Larvae were infective to intermediate and paratenic hosts for up to 80 d in fresh water, 21 d in 50% sea water and up to 8 d in 100% sea water. The data confirm field observations that infection levels decrease with an increase in salinity. The study contributes to experimental verification of the colonization abilities of A. crassus and supports the hypothesis that A. crassus can be disseminated and transmitted in brackish water. The importance of regular monitoring and stringent hygiene practices in the transportation of eels is emphasized.  (+info)

The swimbladder is a hydrostatic organ in fish postulated as a homolog of the tetrapod lung. While lung development has been well studied, the molecular mechanism of swimbladder development is essentially uncharacterized. In the present study, swimbladder development in zebrafish was analyzed by using several molecular markers: hb9 (epithelium), fgf10a and acta2 (mesenchyme), and anxa5 (mesothelium), as well as in vivo through enhancer trap transgenic lines Et(krt4:EGFP)(sq33-2) and Et(krt4:EGFP)(sqet3) that showed strong EGFP expression in the swimbladder epithelium and outer mesothelium respectively. We defined three phases of swimbladder development: epithelial budding between 36 and 48 hpf, growth with the formation of two additional mesodermal layers up to 4.5 dpf, and inflation of posterior and anterior chambers at 4.5 and 21 dpf respectively. Similar to those in early lung development, conserved expression of Hedgehog (Hh) genes, shha and ihha, in the epithelia, and Hh receptor genes, ...
This, I are, can look been with buy The Biology of the Avian Respiratory System: Evolution,. One may definitely weight about the wisdom. Or had he also agree to be a new therapy of Y for the audience, always if not not believed as the labor got by von Balthasar?
The vertical movements of a teleostean fish may be restricted by the presence of the swimbladder, which will increase or decrease in volume when the fish moves up or down in the water.. It is shown that the restriction that the swimbladder imposes to vertical movements involving a reduction in pressure will depend on physical factors such as. (1) The resistance that the bladder and body wall offer to the expansion of the bladder gas.. (2) The percentage volume of the swimbladder and the density change of the fish when it is subjected to a reduction in pressure.. (3) The pressure reduction that leads to the rupture of the bladder wall.. A distinction is made between rapid and slow movements. In the former the compensatory ability of the fish must be considered and in the latter the speed with which the fish can accommodate itself to pressure changes.. An equation is derived from which the minimum speed at which a physoclist can migrate from deep to shallow water can be calculated. To solve the ...
Swim bladder from a bony (teleost) fish How gas is pumped into the swim bladder using. Before getting to know the reasons or symptoms of this disorder, we should first
C. L. Winata, Korzh, S., Kondrychyn, I., Zheng, W., Korzh, V., and Gong, Z., Development of zebrafish swimbladder: The requirement of Hedgehog signaling in specification and organization of the three tissue layers., Dev Biol, vol. 331, no. 2, pp. 222-36, 2009. ...
This is a common problem whereby fish lose their equilibrium and are unable to maintain their position. This can result in the fish swimming awkwardly, laying upside-down either on the bottom or top of the water, or unable to maintain a horizontal position in the water. This is often attributed to swim-bladder problems and indeed this is the most common cause of loss of equilibrium. The swim-bladder is an air-filled sac laying just under the backbone at the top of the abdominal cavity. By inflating / deflating the swim-bladder, the fish can adjust its position in the water and maintain neutral buoyancy. The swim-bladder can be affected by bacterial or viral diseases. In addition the swim-bladder may malfunction, leading to over or under inflation. Clearly anything which affects the proper functioning of the swim-bladder will also affect the fishs equilibrium.. However, before diagnosing all equilibrium problems as swim-bladder disease, we should be aware that there are other conditions which ...
When birds and humans sing, it sounds completely different, but the very same physical mechanisms are at play when a bird sings and a human speaks.
The photograph was taken 3 days post inoculation. The bird was experimentally inoculated with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus on 3/2/08 at Plum Island Animal Disease Center. The inoculation was performed in the caudal thoracic air sac with strain A/CK/PA/469/3-84/H5N2, using 0.25ml ...
You need to get your bird examined by the veterinarian for proper diagnosis. If air sac mites are found to be the cause, anti-parasitic medicine will be administered to the bird orally or by injection. If treated early, your bird should recover from the infection.. ...
Birds suffer from lung and airway disorders, which can be caused by a variety of respiratory parasites. One such parasitic infection in birds is caused by air sac mites, which affects the entire respiratory tract.
The anatomy of the avian respiratory system is quite complex compared to that of mammals. The avian and mammalian respiratory systems consist of the lungs which expand, gas exchange occurs and the air is exhaled. In birds the respiratory system also serves for the exchange of gases but is also important in eliminating heat from the body and has several non-respiratory functions such as the detoxification of metabolic products and vocalization. As in mammals, the upper respiratory system serves to filter air to trap dust. Unlike mammalian lungs, avian lungs are relatively rigid and do not move much during breathing. Emanating from the lungs are thin-walled air sacs that fill most of the body cavity not occupied by other viscera; most birds have nine. Some air sacs penetrate the interior of the bones and even under the skin. In mammals, inspired air goes into the lung as the lung expands and is expired when the lung contracts. In birds the lungs expand very little because the air goes through them ...
In this video, I present a fish thats floating at the water surface; and how I go about treating positive buoyancy disorder - https://youtu.be/SOMjZHW_gy4 Read more from our blogs archive about swimbladder disease - https://thefishvet.com/?s=Buoyancy -- Yours sincerely, Dr Richmond Loh DipProjMgt, BSc, BVMS, MPhil (Pathology), MANZCVS (Aquatics& Pathobiology), CertAqV, NATA Signatory. PERTH | MELBOURNE |…
Several times throughout their radiation fish have evolved either lungs or swim bladders as gas-holding structures. Lungs and swim bladders have different ontogenetic origins and can be used either for buoyancy or as an accessory respiratory organ. Therefore, the presence of air-filled bladders or l …
Medicine for swim bladder disease - Swim Bladder | Pet Care Article | petco.com. Flotrol promotes bladder contol for overactive bladders. Dont let your bladder dictate your schedule - take control with the Flotrol Natural Bladder Support supplement.
A functioning goldfish swim bladder is critical for survival. Swim bladder disease can be cause by several ailments. Some are easier to treat than others.
Nobris re-release. Following her return to the forest, the PRM team worked their hardest to check-in on Nobri, but with her wild nature she travelled deep into the forest, completely loosing her human observers for months. It was not until May that they finally found her again. And she was not happy about it.. She immediately kiss-squeaked at the team, shaking branches in their direction. However, they knew they had to persist and check on her. As they moved closer, their worst fears started to grow; there appeared to be some swelling in her air sac. Had her air sacculitis returned? At this point, they knew that they must keep a close eye on her, despite her objections. Nobri refused to be in human presence, however, and when the team returned to her location the following day she was already long gone…. As the months passed, the team grew worried. Despite their best efforts, all searches turned up in vain. It was six months later during what they thought would be another fruitless search, ...
Trauma Care - AirTraveler Walker Stabilizing Orthosis. Extra compression via air bladders for immobilisation of the ankle joint. For ruptures and ankle injuries
Due to the high metabolic rate required for flight, birds have a high oxygen demand. Their highly effective respiratory system helps them meet that demand. Although birds have lungs, theirs are fairly rigid structures that do not expand and contract as they do in mammals, reptiles and many amphibians. Instead, the structures that act as the bellows that ventilate the lungs are the air sacs, which are distributed throughout much of the birds bodies.[37] The airsacs move air uniderectionally through the parabronchi of the rigid lungs.[38][39] Although bird lungs are smaller than those of mammals of comparable size, the air sacs account for 15% of the total body volume, whereas in mammals, the alveoli, which act as the bellows, constitute only 7% of the total body volume.[40] The walls of the air sacs do not have a good blood supply and so do not play a direct role in gas exchange. Birds lack a diaphragm, and therefore use their intercostal and abdominal muscles to expand and contract their entire ...
Due to the high metabolic rate required for flight, birds have a high oxygen demand. Their highly effective respiratory system helps them meet that demand.. Although birds have lungs, these are fairly rigid structures, which do not expand and contract as they do in mammals, reptiles and many amphibians. The structures that act as the bellows which ventilate the lungs, are the air sacs distributed throughout much of the birds bodies. Although the bird lungs are smaller than those in mammals of comparable size, the air sacs account for 15% of the total body volume, compared to the 7% devoted to the alveoli which act as the bellows in mammals.[30]. The walls of these air sacs do not have a good blood supply and so do not play a direct role in gas exchange. They act like a set of bellows[31] which move air unidirectionally through the parabronchi of the rigid lungs.[32][33]. Birds lack a diaphragm, and therefore use their intercostal and abdominal muscles to expand and contract their entire ...
COPD, or chronic obstructive pulmonary (PULL-mun-ary) ailment, is a progressive disease which makes it difficult to breathe. Long term exposure to other lung irritants like dust, chemical fumes, or air pollution also may promote COPD. At exactly the same time, carbon dioxide (a waste gas) proceeds from the capillaries into the air sacs. In COPD, less air flows in and out of the airways because of one or more of the following: In the United States, the term COPD contains two principal afflictions emphysema (em-fih SE-mother) and chronic bronchitis (bron-KI-tis). This damage also can destroy the walls of the air sacs, leading to larger and fewer air sacs instead of many tiny ones. Most individuals who have COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis ...
Phage therapy has also proven to be an effective therapeutic tool in fighting pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, particularly in preventing the development of colibacillosis, which initially develops in the respiratory tract and air sacs and then takes the form of sepsis, causing considerable mortality in poultry.. Phage suspensions applied directly to the air sac in 3-day-old birds in a range of titres from 106 to 103 PFU to treat E. coli infections substantially reduced mortality rates to 5% and 25%, respectively. Similar results were obtained after inoculation of a bacteriophage suspension in the drinking water of birds at 1 week of age (103 or 104 PFU of bacteriophages per mL) followed by air sac challenge with 103 CFU of E. coli phages. Mortality was decreased to 25% and 5%, respectively. No mortality was observed in chickens treated with 108 PFU of an E. coli bacteriophage mixture [38]. Bacteriophages have also been shown to be highly effective in treating sepsis and meningitis in ...
The LD50 values were determined for cardiovascular drugs in chick embryos at different developmental stages in order to obtain a more precise injection stage for fertile eggs of White Leghorn chickens for the prediction in rodents. First, time-course changes in the weight of fertile eggs, their air sac volume, and weight of each egg component were measured after the initiation of incubation. The weight of whole eggs decreased with incubation, while air sac volume increased. The chick embryos weight increased with decreases in albumen weight. These findings suggest that decreases in whole egg weight are due to decreases in water in the eggs. When the maximum volume of physiological saline or CMC-Na solution was injected into the air sac on different days of incubation the bulk of the vehicle did not prove to be toxic to the chick embryos. Next, several cardiovascular drugs, i.e., aloprenolol, piretanide, dipyridamol, lidocaine, propranolol, canrenoate, disopyramide and reserpine were injected ...
a muscle that is attached to the swim bladder. Rapid flexure of the sonic muscle against the swim bladder produces drum-like sounds commonly associated with courtship and spawning behavior. ...
The contraction-relaxation cycle in muscle is regulated by the release of Ca2+ from, and its uptake by, the SR (Ebashi and Endo, 1968). In fish sound-producing muscles, the maximum frequency of sound produced is determined by the maximum frequency of twitch fusion, which is primarily dependent on the rate of relaxation of twitch tension, which is dependent on the rate of Ca2+ uptake by the SR (Skoglund, 1959). In accordance with this view, the fractional SR volume in the sound-producing muscle fibres, including the SBM fibres, is much larger than that in skeletal muscle fibres (Peachey and Porter, 1959; Fawcett and Revel, 1961; Revel, 1962; Franzini-Armstrong, 1972; Appelt et al., 1991; Suzuki et al., 2003).. Twitches produced by repetitive motor nerve stimulation of the SBM tend to decrease rapidly with time (Fig. 5A), as has also been reported by Hidaka and Toida (1969). This may result, at least in part, from the myoplasmic Ca2+ concentration gradually decreasing during repetitive motor nerve ...
BY 124 Mock Exam #3 True/False 1. True or False: A swim bladder may have been observed in the common ancestor of chondrichthyans and osteichthyans. 2. True or False: The amniotic egg is an important evolutionary breakthrough because it allows for incubation of eggs in an aqueous environment. 3. True or False: The amniotic egg added most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments. 4. True or False: During the prometamorphosis phase, growth happens quickly for the larva as it begins to differentiate into the adult form. 5. True or False: When the gill chamber floor is lowered during respiration in bony fish, the fishs mouth is closed and its operculum is open, allowing for water to be pulled in and across the gills. 6. True or False: Members of Class Actinopterygii have thin fins whereas members of Class Chondrichthyes have thick fins. 7. True or False: Reptiles were the first vertebrates to live on land. 8. True or False: Lengthening of myofibrils is what allows for the contraction of ...
air′ blad der n. 1) a vesicle or sac containing air 2) ich an air filled sac at the top of the body cavity in bony fishes, serving in most to regulate hydrostatic pressure Also called swim bladder • Etymology: 1725-35
A frog and his vocal sac. Photo by Christian FischerFrogs can augment the sounds produced in their larynx with the use of a vocal air sac. The males of most frog species have air sacs. The frog inflates his vocal sac and makes a sounds using his larynx. The sound resonates in the inflated vocal sac, which makes the sound louder. As an interesting aside, frogs do not have ribs. Apart from making sounds, their larynx has a role to play as a sort of stop preventing their lungs collapsing during a dive, when there is increased pressure on the frogs body.. So far, the examples Ive considered have been mammals, reptiles or amphibians.. I think birdsong is especially interesting and birds dont make sounds in quite the same way. Bird sounds are made without a larynx or even vocal folds. The bird equivalent of a larynx is a syrinx. The syrinx is located at the base of the trachea, close to where the trachea separate into the 2 bronchi (which then conduct air between the 2 lungs). Air leaving the lungs ...
A frog and his vocal sac. Photo by Christian FischerFrogs can augment the sounds produced in their larynx with the use of a vocal air sac. The males of most frog species have air sacs. The frog inflates his vocal sac and makes a sounds using his larynx. The sound resonates in the inflated vocal sac, which makes the sound louder. As an interesting aside, frogs do not have ribs. Apart from making sounds, their larynx has a role to play as a sort of stop preventing their lungs collapsing during a dive, when there is increased pressure on the frogs body.. So far, the examples Ive considered have been mammals, reptiles or amphibians.. I think birdsong is especially interesting and birds dont make sounds in quite the same way. Bird sounds are made without a larynx or even vocal folds. The bird equivalent of a larynx is a syrinx. The syrinx is located at the base of the trachea, close to where the trachea separate into the 2 bronchi (which then conduct air between the 2 lungs). Air leaving the lungs ...
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 111-135; Anal spines: 0; Anal soft rays: 93 - 105; Vertebrae: 62 - 66. Scales on body in regular but non-overlapping rows, some anguilloid, becoming anguilloid in pattern on belly and flanks in front of anus, top of head from interorbit to nape and sides of head with non-imbricate scales, snout, subocular area and chin and throat naked; ethmoid spine short but strong; gill chamber dark; esophagus dark and intestines and stomach pale; no pyloric caeca; males with posterior opening on swim bladder (Ref. 34024). About 10 broad dark brown bands on body. Dorsal, anal and caudal fin margins blackish. Caudal fin small, posterior margin rounded. Pelvic fins comprising two filamentous rays (Ref. 27363). ...
File no.: MI-1012-4430-LI-ZE (liked to MI-1012-5677-LI-ZE describing the generation of human neural microtissues from NECS cells) A novel precursor population that forms electrophysiologically functional neurons more quickly than protocols starting with hPSCs.
We breathe about 12 to 20 times a minute, without having to think. Inhale: and air flows through the mouth and nose, into the trachea. The bronchi stem out like a wishbone, and keep branching, dividing and dividing, and finally feeding out into the tiny air sacs of alveoli. Capillaries - blood vessels thinner than hairs - twine around each alveolus. Both the air sac and the blood vessel are tiny, delicate, one cell thick: portals where blood (the atmosphere of the body) meets air (atmosphere of the world). Oxygen passes from air to blood; carbon dioxide, from blood to air. Then, the exhale pushes that carbon dioxide back out the mouth and nose. Capillaries channel newly oxygenated blood back to the heart. That oxygen fuels the body. Thats why we breathe. Today, these basics of human respiration and metabolism feel obvious - and ventilators, the machines that breathe for sick people, do, too. We have so many medical devices, so of course wed need, and have, machines that help us to breathe. But ...
Your lungs have an arrangement of tubes that do oxygen in and as you relax.. The windpipe isolates into two tubes, the correct bronchus and left bronchus. These split into littler tubes called auxiliary bronchi. They split again to make littler tubes called bronchioles. The bronchioles have little air sacs toward the end called alveoli.. Noticeable all around sacs, oxygen goes into your circulatory system from the air took in. Your circulatory system conveys oxygen to every one of the cells in your body. In the meantime carbon dioxide goes from your circulatory system into the air sacs. This waste gas is expelled from the body as you inhale out.. ...
As there are lots of conditions associated with lungs, they can be classified in several different ways. When it comes to physiologic types we can say there are three types of lung diseases. They are as follows. Obstructive Lung Disease: This type of lung disease is brought on because of the obstruction in the airways due the narrowing or congestion. Some of the diseases which can be included in this category are asthma, emphysema and bronchitis. Limited Lung Disease: This sort of lung disease is a result of the inability of the lungs to hold the air within the air sacs. Hard to stick to lung disease is actually either as a result of decline in the elasticity of the lungs or the growth of the chest walls. The last category is for the conditions which are related to the inability of the air sacs to supply air or to move it to the blood. This results in the lack of oxygen in the blood as well as in the body. List of Lung Diseases ...
Emphysema Emphysema is a condition that is typically designated by gradual destruction of alveoli, tiny air sacs in the lungs which ensure inhaled oxygen is transferred to the system as well as carbon dioxide is exhaled out of the body. These air sacs that look like a cluster of grapes are found at the end of the bronchioles (airways). In the initial stages of emphysema, the alveoli appear inflamed, that interferes with the proper exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Longterm smoking cigarettes and air pollution tend to be said to result in emphysema. Usually, the particular alveoli are usually flexible but with emphysema their own elasticity is impaired. As a result, the alveoli are usually unable home off carbon dioxide and other impurities appropriately from the lungs. This build up of impurities results in excess mucus production in the lungs and is then then shortness of breath and prolonged coughing ...
COPD stands for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. It refers to two long-term lung diseases -- chronic bronchitis and emphysema -- that often occur together. COPD makes it difficult for you to breathe. There is no cure for COPD, but you can take steps to manage the disease.. If you or someone you love has been diagnosed with COPD, you probably have many questions. Here are answers to some of the most frequently asked questions about living with COPD, its symptoms, treatment, and causes.. 1. What happens to my lungs if I have COPD?. Tubes, called airways, carry air in and out of your lungs. If you have COPD, these airways may become partially blocked from swelling or mucus. This makes it more difficult to breathe.. At the end of the airways are many tiny balloon-like air sacs, which inflate and deflate when you breathe in and out. With COPD, these air sacs lose their elasticity. This can lead to the collapse of small airways and also make it more difficult for you to breathe.. 2. What causes ...
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF , Fibrosi Polmonare Idiopatica) is a disease characterized by progressive scarring, or fibrosis, of the lungs. It is a specific type of interstitial lung disease in which the small air sacs of the lung, known as alveoli, gradually become replaced by fibrotic (scar) tissue. The abnormal fibrosis and scar formation typically begins in the terminal areas of the pulmonary tree lining the air sacs where gas exchange occurs. Normally, this tissue is a thin layer consisting of a few, easily permeable cells. With IPF, progressive scarring causes the normally thin and pliable tissue to thicken and become stiff, making it more difficult for the lungs to expand, preventing oxygen from readily getting into the bloodstream. ...
Emphysema is a condition that is typically marked by steady destruction of alveoli, tiny air sacs in the lungs in which ensure inhaled oxygen will be transferred to the system and also carbon dioxide is exhaled out of the body. These air sacs that look like a cluster of grapes are found at the end of the bronchioles (airways). In the initial stages of emphysema, the alveoli appear inflamed, that interferes with the appropriate exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. Longterm smoking cigarettes and associated with the are usually said to result in emphysema. Usually, the actual alveoli are usually stretchy but with emphysema their own elasticity is actually impaired. As a result, the particular alveoli tend to be unable residence off carbon dioxide and other harmful particles appropriately from the lungs. This build up of impurities results in excess mucus production in the lungs and it is then followed by shortness of breath and continual coughing ...
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Before we know necrotizing pneumonia, we need to know what pneumonia is?. Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one lung or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or phlegm, [READ MORE]. ...
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Anal spines: 0. Head large; eyes large; snout moderately pointed, its anterolateral margin incompletely supported by bone. Head ridges rather weakly scaled, other head scales mostly without spinules; the dorsal and ventral snout surfaces mostly naked. Spines on lower jaw and pectoral girdle without spinules. Light organ large, lens-shaped black fossa between the pelvic fin bases. Swim bladder oval, with 6 to 11 short retia mirabilia and gas glands. Pyloric caeca 10 to 14. Overall color is light brown to swarthy, somewhat silvery ventrally, with heavy punctuations; mouth pale, blackish along tongue base; gill cavity blackish, paler with punctuations toward inner surfaces. ...
In the physics worldview we posit a prestated phase space within which we can conduct a calculus of possible trajectories within that space. This is the basis of Maxwells Demon - the imagination of an intelligence that can be aware of all the current bits (and their states) with the consequence that the future could then be simply foreseen as the inevitable computation of trajectories of the existing bits. Kauffman gives another example of evolution selecting a fish with a swim bladder. This process fits well with developments in the physics pre-stated space as the causal webs that shape the evolving fish-with-swim-bladder-in-environment event. However, when a micro-organism inhabits the swim-bladder turning it into a niche - this was not prestateable, it was a-causal in the swim-bladder was not selected for to be a niche. However, once existant - becoming a niche was an adjacent possible that enabled a micro-organism to actualize an affordance (as adjacent possible). Kauffman says that ...
We have reconstructed the events that led to the evolution of a key physiological innovation underpinning the large adaptive radiation of fishes, namely their unique ability to secrete molecular oxygen (O2). We show that O2 secretion into the swimbladder evolved some 100 million years after another O2-secreting system in the eye. We unravel the likely sequence in which the functional components of both systems evolved. These components include ocular and swimbladder countercurrent exchangers, the Bohr and Root effects, the buffering power and surface histidine content of hemoglobins, and red blood cell Na+/H+ exchange activity. Our synthesis reveals the dynamics of gains and losses of these multiple traits over time, accounting for part of the huge diversity of form and function in living fishes.. ...
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Before there were land animals, certain fish developed a swim bladder, which they could fill with gas, usually air. This allowed the fish to stay at a given depth without expending energy on swimming. The swim bladder probably was, in some species, also helpful for stability, and maybe also as a resonating chamber to produce or receive sound. The swim bladder evolved into the lung of the earliest lungfish - and from there into the lungs of land animals. Something that evolved for one purpose or set of purposes (buoyancy, stability, sonic resonance) was appropriated for a very different purpose (breathing air). A device for staying at a given depth in water turned into the essential step for moving onto land ...
A true fish is cold-blooded, breathes through gills on each side, and depends al-most entirely on water for life. It has a bony skeleton and a long-shaped body, narrowing at the tail. The fins at various parts of its body are used for steering, balancing, and moving it forward. An air bladder, often called swim bladder, helps it maintain bal-ance to rise, descend, and adjust to water pressure. It has a heart which has two principal chambers: the atrium and ventricle. It reproduces by laying eggs ...
Müller, Tamás and Molnár, Tamás Gergely and Szabó, András and Yamaha, E. and Szigetváriné Dr. Járási, Éva Zsuzsanna and Bercsényi, Miklós and Specziár, András and Urbányi, Béla and Romvári, Róbert (2012) In vivo tracking of maturation in male european eel Anguilla anguilla (L.) by computed tomography. ACTA BIOLOGICA HUNGARICA, 63 (2). pp. 180-188. ISSN 0236-5383 ...
Looking for online definition of anal sacculitis in the Medical Dictionary? anal sacculitis explanation free. What is anal sacculitis? Meaning of anal sacculitis medical term. What does anal sacculitis mean?
The adult nematode Anguillicola crassus is covered by a soft wrinkled outer cuticle. Males measure 20-60 mm while females measure 47-71.5 mm. The mouth has a circular opening surrounded by 4 cephalic papillae and 2 lateral amphids. Males have 6 pairs of caudal papillae. Females posses a cone-shaped vuvla on the posterior end of the body and a white uterus which occupies most of the body housing copious amounts of eggs.. Symptoms: Infection from A. crassu can occur as early as the glass eel stage resulting in acute inflammatory reactions such as fibrosis and fibrotic conglomerates in the swimbladder. Scar tissue build up causes constriction of the intestine and can lead to rupture of the swimbladder. Emaciation from the swimbladder rupture can increase risk of bacterial infection resulting in increased mortality rate. Further vulnerability to secondary bacterial infection results from increased cortisol levels when infected with this nematode.. Host(s): European eel (Anguilla anguilla), American ...
Looking for online definition of airsacculitis in the Medical Dictionary? airsacculitis explanation free. What is airsacculitis? Meaning of airsacculitis medical term. What does airsacculitis mean?
幼 成鰻棲息河川 河口 潟湖3喜鑽洞潛居3以蝦 蟹 貝 海蟲維生的肉食者》每年秋季成熟的鰻魚3其眼徑變大3內臟萎縮3生殖腺肥大3體色由黃褐變銀灰色3將開始作長途的產卵洄游作準備3經常選擇一個沒有月亮的夜晚3由河川降海在到大西洋的馬尾藻海產卵3其受精卵會在春季和夏初被發現3幼體時期(柳葉鰻 Leptocephalus(則利用三年時間向歐洲遷移》有如玻璃鰻(glass eels(3歐洲鰻鱺可以到達歐洲沿岸及進入河口》進入淡水前歐洲鰻鱺變成鰻線(elvers(》她們把大半生花在淡水中》雖然近期與歐洲鰻鱺有關的日本鰻鱺(Japanese eel,Anguilla ...
The syndrome known as gastric dilation air sacculitis (GDAS) has previously been shown to affect Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, in seawater (SW) aquaculture. Feed and osmoregulatory stress have been implicated as potential epidemiological co-factors. The development and physiology of GDAS was investigated in SW and freshwater (FW) adapted smolts. Diet A (low-cohesion pellets) and diet B (high-cohesion pellets) were fed to both FW- and SW-adapted fish. GDAS was induced only in the SW trial on feeding diet A. Stimulated gastro-intestinal (GI) smooth muscle contractility, and fluid transport by the pyloric caeca were different in GDAS-affected fish, which also showed osmoregulatory dysfunction. Cardiac stomach (CS) smooth muscle contractility in response to acetylcholine and potassium chloride (KCl) was significantly reduced in fish fed diet A relative to controls from weeks 3-5. In contrast, maximal pyloric sphincter (PS) circular smooth muscle contraction in response to KCl was ...
European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is a euryhaline species, that has adapted to cope with both, hyper- and hypo-osmotic environments. This study investigates the effect of salinity, from a morphological...
Ruddock, P., Bird, D. J., McEvoy, J. and Peters, L. D. (2003) Bile metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in European eels Anguilla anguilla from United Kingdom estuaries. The Science of The Total Environment, 301 (1-3). pp. 105-117. ISSN 0048-9697 Available from: http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/7015 Ruddock, P., Bird, D. J. and McCalley, D. V. (2002) Bile metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in three species of fish from the Severn Estuary. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 51 (2). pp. 97-105. ISSN 0147-6513 Available from: http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/7012 Telli-Karakoç, F., Ruddock , P., Bird, D. J., Hewer, A., Van Schanke, A., Phillips, D. and Peters, L. (2002) Correlative changes in metabolism and DNA damage in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) exposed to benzo[a]pyrene. Marine Environmental Research, 54 (3-5). pp. 511-515. ISSN 0141-1136 Available from: http://eprints.uwe.ac.uk/7013 ...
da Silva, F FG, H Tveiten, Gersende Maugars, Anne-Gaelle Lafont, Sylvie Dufour, J G Støttrupa, E Kjørsvikd, et J Tomkiewicz. 2018. « Differential Expression Of Gonadotropin And Estrogen Receptors And Oocyte Cytology During Follicular Maturation Associated With Egg Viability In European Eel (Anguilla Anguilla) ». Comparative Biochemistry And Physiology, Part A 221: 44-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2018.03.010 ...
Churcher AM, Pujolar JMartin, Milan M, et al. Transcriptomic profiling of male European eel (Anguilla anguilla) livers at sexual maturity. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics. 2015;16:28-35. doi:10.1016/j.cbd.2015.07.002 ...
Churcher AM, Pujolar JMartin, Milan M, et al. Transcriptomic profiling of male European eel (Anguilla anguilla) livers at sexual maturity. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics. 2015;16:28-35. doi:10.1016/j.cbd.2015.07.002 ...
In fishes the membranous labyrinth is complete with three semicircular canals, and in many teleosts it is connected to the air bladder by a duct or a chain of bony Weberian ossicles.. In tetrapoda the change of en-vironment from water to land necessitated formation of structures to conduct vibrations conveyed through air, thus a middle ear or tympa-nic cavity was formed from the first gill cleft or spiracle of fishes.. A tympanic membrane covers the middle ear and small bones come to lie in it for transmitting vibrations.. All tetrapods have a middle ear with a Eustachian tube connecting it to the pharynx. In mammals an external ear or pinna is formed, though its beginnings are seen/in some reptiles and birds.. The external ear catches and directs sound waves to the tympanic membrane of the middle ear.. ...
The lungs contain tiny air sacs (alveoli), which is where oxygen is absorbed. These air sacs expand with each breath.. The tissue around these air sacs is called the interstitium. In people with interstitial lung disease, this tissue becomes stiff or scarred, and the air sacs are not able to expand as much. As a result, not as much oxygen can get to the body.. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) can occur without a known cause. This is called idiopathic ILD. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common disease of this type.. There are also dozens of known causes of ILD, including:. ...
So Im having a problem with my goldfishs swim bladder. Hes a calico goldfish, almost four years old, and lives in a clean 20 gal tank with a heater set to 72. He didnt have any swim bladder problems until recently, and hes been acting weird. He was doing some swimming upside down, so I tried some home remedies, like feeding him a pea and fasting him. Both remedies worked, but I knew neither were long-term solutions, so I went to my local Petco and asked for some advice. Hed always
A disease of turkeys characterised by respiratory and skeletal problems caused by Mycoplasma meleagridis. The organism has also been isolated from raptors, it occurs in most turkey-producing countries but is now much rarer in commercial stock. In adult birds though infection rates are high, morbidity may be minimal. Pathogenicity is quite variable. Mortality is low, though up to 25% of infected birds show lesions at slaughter ...
Each tracheal tube develops as an invagination of the ectoderm during embryonic development. To prevent its collapse under pressure, a thin, reinforcing wire of cuticle (the taenidia) winds spirally through the membranous wall. This design (similar in structure to a heater hose on an automobile or an exhaust duct on a clothes dryer) gives tracheal tubes the ability to flex and stretch without developing kinks that might restrict air flow.. The absence of taenidia in certain parts of the tracheal system allows the formation of collapsible air sacs, balloon-like structures that may store a reserve of air. In dry terrestrial environments, this temporary air supply allows an insect to conserve water by closing its spiracles during periods of high evaporative stress. Aquatic insects consume the stored air while under water or use it to regulate buoyancy. During a molt, air sacs fill and enlarge as the insect breaks free of the old exoskeleton and expands a new one. Between molts, the air sacs ...
John Ruben et al. (1997, 1999, 2003, 2004) disputed this and suggested that dinosaurs had a tidal respiratory system (in and out) powered by a crocodile-like hepatic piston mechanism - muscles attached mainly to the pubis pull the liver backwards, which makes the lungs expand to inhale; when these muscles relax, the lungs return to their previous size and shape, and the animal exhales. They also presented this as a reason for doubting that birds descended from dinosaurs.[5][6][7][8][9]Critics have claimed that, without avian air sacs, modest improvements in a few aspects of a modern reptiles circulatory and respiratory systems would enable the reptile to achieve 50% to 70% of the oxygen flow of a mammal of similar size,[10] and that lack of avian air sacs would not prevent the development of endothermy.[11] Very few formal rebuttals have been published in scientific journals of Ruben et al.s claim that dinosaurs could not have had avian-style air sacs; but one points out that the ...
pronounce: new-mo thor-axe). Say WHAT?!. Yea, thats what its called. Pneumo means air and thorax means chest. So, its air in the chest. I know what you are probably saying….isnt air SUPPOSED to be in the chest? Well….yes and no. Let me explain.. The chest obviously protects a few different organs (like the heart, esophagus and some major blood vessels), as well as the lungs. The lungs are a spongey type of tissue. They are made up of millions of little tiny air sacs. These air sacs have little tiny blood vessels in the walls. The air that we breath in, goes into the air sacs and the oxygen in the air can go into the little tiny blood vessels in the walls of the little tiny sacs. The oxygen is then carried to the rest of the bodys tissues through the blood.. So thats more or less how the lungs work….but how do they fit in this whole pneumothorax thing? Well, the lungs usually take up the entire space of the chest on the left and right where the other organs dont live. The ...
On Sat, 5/16/09, David Marjanovic ,[email protected], wrote: , From: David Marjanovic ,[email protected], , Subject: Re: Pneumaticity in Triassic pterosaurs , To: [email protected], DML ,[email protected], , Date: Saturday, May 16, 2009, 1:45 PM , ----- Original Message ----- From: David Peters , ,[email protected], , Sent: Saturday, May 16, 2009 3:54 PM , , , [1] There is no monophyletic Diapsida containing , Archos and Lepidos. [2] Did I not send you my tree? [3] Your , tree problem may be due to the assumption of monophyly in , Diapsids. , , (1) You mean the upper temporal fenestra evolved twice? Yes. (2) , Yes, four years ago, along with the character list and a , weird list that was meant to indicate where state 1 of which , character occurs. It led to a long discussion. I remember , some highlights. -- Not that long ago, you submitted that , thing for publication (after having accepted my , nomenclatural advice, but apparently not any other). I know , that because my ...
But we do believe that the demand for bandwidth will continue rising steadily just as it has done for the past 15 years, Johnson says. By 2016, 30 megabits will be regarded as a good standard connection and 100 megabits by 2021 he predicts.. As far as the technology issues are concerned, BT is already running slightly ahead of Point Topics forecasts for this year. Its announcement yesterday that it will bring forward its FTTC rollout by a full year is an encouraging vote of confidence. The company is already rolling out on a much bigger scale than most of its peers in other countries. BT is doing better than we expected a few months ago, says Johnson. Speeding up the rollout shows they are getting on top of the problems.. BTs revised plan aims to ensure that at least two-thirds of homes and businesses in the UK will have superfast broadband available by the end of 2014. Point Topics forecast projects that not only will superfast be widely available, it will also be taken up by users in ...
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In the above cases, we used the ultrasound to observe three abnormal air patterns that should alert the clinician to an intra-abdominal pathology, namely intraperitoneal air (case#2), portal venous gas (case#1), and intramural air (case#1).. Intraperitoneal air can be seen using the liver as an acoustic window. Indeed, the liver offers a unique echogenic window. Although the hepatic flexure of the colon can sometimes be found interposed, there is generally no bowel that creates artifact in the right upper quadrant. Free air will accumulate anteriorly in the supine position and create an air artifact interfering with the normal liver texture (Fig. 1). It is of importance not to press deeply with the ultrasound probe as this can shift small amount of free air away from the US field. This phenomenon of air interposition should be considered abnormal and is similar to the lung point shadow that occurs in a pneumothorax where ultrasound reveals loss of normal lung sliding [10]. We propose the term ...
by ANLX , Apr 7, 2015 , News , Superfast Broadband voucher scheme for businesses extended to Swindon SUPERFAST broadband is now just a click away for many Swindon businesses, Swindon is now included in the Governments Superfast connected Cities scheme - a £40 million, UK-wide initiative funded by Central Government - that gives small and medium sized businesses the chance to receive a grant of up to £3,000 to help them either install superfast broadband or boost their current broadband speeds. The availability of grants from April could give many small and medium-sized Swindon businesses the support they need to make the most of superfast broadband and flourish. This could then open up more investment and jobs in future. If your business is in Swindon postcodes: SN1, SN2, SN3, SN4, SN5, SN6, SN7, SN8 and youre a small or medium-sized business (SME), a social enterprise or a charity - you will most likely qualify for funding. Grants can be used to provide solutions across a range of ...
The presence of pneumaticity in theropod dinosaurs was originally thought to be something leading towards birds, as the efficient respiratory system is believed to be what allows birds to be so successful, allowing for better breathing during flight. However, the exact timing of the bird-like respiratory system has been unclear and controversial. A new study, lead by Akinobu Watanabe from the American Museum of Natural History, and published in PLOS ONE, looked at the presence of postcranial pneumaticity in Archaeornithomimus and other ornithomimosaur dinosaurs, a group of theropods not directly on the branch to modern birds. Using CT scans, they were able to show that Archaeornithomimus had pneumatic cervical (neck), dorsal (back), and caudal (tail) vertebrae, but there was no unequivocal evidence of pneumatic sacral vertebrae, although there were some possible pneumatic fossae. Watanabe et al. (2015) also looked at other ornithomimosaurs to look at the evolution of pneumaticity in this group, ...
How to aspirate a swim bladder - Oscar Fish Advice Forum :: Topic: Swollen abdomen and not able to.... Flotrol promotes bladder contol for overactive bladders. Dont let your bladder dictate your schedule - take control with the Flotrol Natural Bladder Support supplement.
Most soniferous fishes producing sounds with their swimbladder utilize relatively simple mechanisms: contraction and relaxation of a unique pair of sonic muscles cause rapid movements of the swimbladder resulting in sound production. Here we describe the sonic mechanism for Ophidion barbatum, which …
The white-breasted cormorant has adapted to balance thermoregulation and the need to reduce buoyancy to chase fish. Although they have an oil gland, they dont appear to use it to waterproof feathers since that would retain air bubbles. They also have dense bones, low body fat and much-reduced air sacs in the respiratory system, which all decrease buoyancy. The outer vane of each feather becomes soaked; the vane around the rachis (the central shaft) is waterproof so that a thin insulating layer of air is retained when the cormorant dives, important for a bird with little body fat. The small air sacs help maintain heat too since the function of larger sacs is similar to sweating except that heat exchange takes place internally through radiation and vaporization. The small gular sac also radiates heat rapidly because capillaries are concentrated beneath its surface. The white-breasted cormorant can speed this process up by fluttering the sac. Its lack of buoyancy can be observed in its surface ...
Breathing is the first step in respiration. For respiration to happen, the body needs a constant supply of oxygen, which is done by breathing. Inhalation is the breathing in of air. To inhale, the lungs expand, decreasing the air pressure in the lungs. This is caused by two actions. The diaphragm (a sheet of muscular tissue that separates the lungs from the abdomen) is pulled downward. Also the muscles between the ribs contract to expand the chest. Both of these actions expand the lungs. To fill the enlarged lungs, air from outside at higher pressure comes rushing into the area of low pressure in the lungs.[1] Air first passes through the nose and mouth, then through the larynx (voice box), then down the trachea (windpipe), and into the lungs and comes out. The lungs are made of many tubes or branches. As air enters the lungs, it first goes through branches called the bronchi, then through smaller branches called bronchioles, and finally into the air sacs. Gas exchange occurs in the air sacs ...
What does this mean for pterosaur lung structure overall? Its well known that pterosaur skeletons and bodies were pneumatised to the same extent, if not more, than avian dinosaurs, prompting suggestions that pterosaurs also had solid avian-like lungs and similar unidirectional flow-through pulmonary mechanics (Claessens et al. 2009). Do the observations of Geist et al. (2014) refute this? Well, not really, but they dont support them, either. As Geist et al. point out: we really dont know anything concrete about pterosaur lung structure, and its actually pretty hard to tell anything about them from bones alone. A bird-like lung may have been present in pterosaurs and would certainly be consistent with extensive skeletal pneumaticity. However, we need to be careful about exclusively linking extensive pneumaticity with bird-like respiratory organs: flying fish, which of course have no lungs at all, also have pneumatised skeletons thanks to outgrowths of their swim bladders (Geist et al. 2014). ...
Asthma -A disease in which the air passages of the lungs become inflamed and narrowed, causing wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. Bronchitis -Inflammation of the air passages of the lungs. Chronic -Refers to a disease or condition that progresses slowly but persists or recurs over time. Cough suppressant -A medication that stops or prevents coughing. Emphysema -A chronic respiratory disease that involves the destruction of air sac walls to form abnormally large air sacs that have reduced gas exchange ability and that tend to retain air within the lungs. Symptoms include labored breathing, the inability to forcefully blow air out of the lungs, and an increased susceptibility to respiratory tract infections. Emphysema is usually caused by smoking. Mucus -The thick fluid produced by the mucous membranes that line many body cavities and structures. It contains mucin, white blood cells, water, inorganic salts, and shed cells, and it serve to lubricate body parts and to trap particles of ...
Certain songbirds can contract their vocal muscles 100 times faster than humans can blink an eye - placing the birds with a handful of animals that have evolved superfast muscles, University of Utah researchers found.
Harrison and Socha first noticed a problem while they were doing synchrotron X-rays of grasshoppers to study their air sacs, which are a bit like lungs. The results didnt seem to make sense. We thought we had made a mistake, Socha said.. Then they realized that they hadnt been paying attention to whether the grasshopper was head up or head down in the container that held it.. Grasshoppers, like other insects, get oxygen through tubes, or trachea that are open to the outside air and branch into smaller and smaller tubes in the insects body. All insects have these, and some have air sacs, to store and pump air, as grasshoppers do.. It turned out that the tubes were more compressed at the bottom of the animal, because gravity was causing the grasshopper equivalent of blood to sink to the bottom half of the animal.. This is similar to what happens when humans stand up quickly and become lightheaded, or the way blood goes to the head during a headstand. Humans have valves in the circulatory ...
Its called acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS. That means the lungs are filled with fluid. And its notable for the way the X-ray looks: The entire lung is basically whited out from fluid. Patients with ARDS are extremely difficult to oxygenate. It has a really high mortality rate, about 40%. The way to manage it is to put a patient on a ventilator. The additional pressure helps the oxygen go into the bloodstream.. Normally, ARDS is something that happens over time as the lungs get more and more inflamed. But with this virus, it seems like it happens overnight. When youre healthy, your lung is made up of little balloons. Like a tree is made out of a bunch of little leaves, the lung is made of little air sacs that are called the alveoli. When you breathe in, all of those little air sacs inflate, and they have capillaries in the walls, little blood vessels. The oxygen gets from the air in the lung into the blood so it can be carried around the body.. Typically with ARDS, the lungs ...
nce blood travels through the pulmonic valve, it enters your lungs. This is called the pulmonary circulation. From your pulmonic valve, blood travels to the pulmonary artery to tiny capillary vessels in the lungs. Here, oxygen travels from the tiny air sacs in the lungs, through the walls of the capillaries, into the blood. At the same time, carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolism, passes from the blood into the air sacs. Carbon dioxide leaves the body when you exhale. Once the blood is purified and oxygenated, it travels back to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins. ...
Oxygen in high concentrations is a toxic gas, and, as may be expected, the lung is the predominant target. The direct action of oxygen and the resultant pulmonary signs and symptoms are related to structural damage in the lung. Pulmonary cells are not equally susceptible to hyperoxia; a distinctive pattern of injury has been established,, a differential susceptibility resembling that observed after irradiation. Continuous inhalation of 90% oxygen by mice results, within a few days, in interstitial edema which appears to be related directly to injury to pulmonary vascular endothelium. With continued exposure for 5 to 7 days, 80-90% of the animals die; the lungs of these animals are solid and airless and the alveolar ducts and air sacs are lined with fibrin-containing hyaline membranes. This catastrophic event is a consequence of disintegration of the type 1 epithelium that lines the air sacs. Type 2 cells, alveolar macrophages, and bronchiolar cells are much less sensitive to hyperoxia, and necrosis of
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The anti-angiogenic effects of an antitumor protein-bound polysaccharide, PSK, obtained from cultured mycelia of Coriolus versicolor in basidiomycetes were examined by the mouse dorsal air sac assay. PSK suppressed the mouse hepatoma MH134-induced angiogenesis when assessed by morphological and biochemical examinations. This finding suggested that the anti-metastatic effect of PSK is attributed to the suppression of tumor-induced angiogenesis.[...]
In periods of reduced visibility or whenever a vessel operator needs to signal his or her intentions or position, a sound-producing device is essential. The navigation rules for meeting head-on, crossing, and overtaking situations are examples of when sound signals are required.. The following requirements apply to vessels operating on state or federally controlled waters.. ...
Matt Wedel, a sauropod palaeontologist, does a lot of work on the pneumaticity in sauropod vertebrae and realised that there was no way of quantifying pneumaticity within a single bone. He proposed using the Air Space Proportion (ASP), a ratio of the cross-sectional area of the air-filled section compared to the total cross-sectional area [2]. From 0-1, an ASP closer to 1 indicates a bone that is mainly full of air, vs. closer to 0, which is mainly bone. He started doing this on sauropod vertebrae and comparing the ASP between different sauropods and different vertebrae. While Matt came up with the idea of ASP, several people in the past of used the K value (the ratio of the internal to outer diameter) to compare the bone thickness of different bird and pterosaur bones. In a tubular bone, ASP is roughly equal to K^2 ...
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GenDR A curated database of genes associated with dietary restriction in model organisms either from genetic manipulation experiments or gene expression profiling.. ...
Wilker Aziz, Ruslan Mitkov, and Lucia Specia. s e sac Systems via Post-Editing. network theorists in Computer Science, thermal; 418, Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
Various states in India presently have their own systems for classifying goods for tax rate determination. However, with the coming Goods and Services Tax (GST) regime, theres a desire for more uniform classification - not just on the national level but internationally. Hence the move to the Harmonised System of Nomenclature (HSN) for goods and the Service Accounting Code (SAC) system for services. In this whitepaper, well focus on HSN codes as they relate to GST.
The current Ontario record for largest bowfin was set here in Seeleys Bay. The bowfin, Amia calva, is the last surviving member of the order Amiiformes (which includes 3 additional, now-extinct families dating from the Jurassic, to the Eocene), and of the family Amiidae (which contains numerous species in about four subfamilies, only one of which, Amiinae, is extinct). The Bowfin is a freshwater piscivore, preying on fish and larger aquatic invertebrates by ambush or stalking. Native to southeastern Canada and eastern United States, they prefer shallow, weedy waters of lakes or protected back waters of rivers. Bowfin are able to breathe air, using their swim bladder, which is connected to their gastrointestinal tract and allows them to regulate their buoyancy in the water, as a primitive lung. The fish can be seen coming to the surface and gulping air. This limits them to a specific depth range in which the surface is accessible. They tend to utilize shoreline habitats that are not accessible ...
Ive been reading a lot about the trends in health and fitness for 2016. Since were already almost 3 weeks into the year, you might have seen some of those already!. A few key points have caught my eye:. First of all, fat is back. Were not talking about pile-driving a box of doughnuts, though. Instead, low-fat products with artificial ingredients are being kicked to the curb. This means we can embrace salmon, but we dont have to sauté it in a stick of butter. Naturally-occurring fats (eaten in moderation) are okay again, while artificial fillers, sweeteners and fat substitutes are not okay.. That leads right into the new diet trend: mindfulness. Weighing your food and counting your calories are out, while eating consciously is in. Sure, eat the cookie but savor it, which promotes the mind-body connection of eating just one, instead of mindlessly snacking on the whole package. Do you want the cookie? Be mindful that you might have to give something else up to keep balance.. Biodynamic is ...
And yes, its true - a straight run through the album is likely to leave most listeners breathless, slack-jawed, drooling, your eyes rolled back in your head with only the sclera showing.. The music is fast - really damned fast - and almost overpowering in its destructive force, a furious mix of deliberately monstrous and tyrannical mass execution and utterly deranged frenzies of violence. But theres more going on here than rampant obliteration - which Ill come to in a minute.. The main through-line of the album is as I said - a blinding hurricane of speed and power, composed of hyper-accelerated double-bass roaring and equally furious snare eruptions; layers of blizzard-like riffing segmented by blink-of-an-eye stop-starts, huge groaning chords, bursts of merciless, pile-driving hammer blows, and spidery fretboard skittering, leaping, pulsating, and squealing. Even when the drum rhythms slow to a pace you could imagine a normal human being executing, the guitarists and bassist are usually ...
Sean McDermott is sticking with Tyrod Taylor as the Bills starter so long as the quarterbacks bruised left knee holds up.. And Buffalos coach had nothing more to say Monday about Patriots tight end Rob Gronkowski pile-driving into the back of cornerback TreDavious Whites head.. Look, weve moved on, McDermott said a day after Taylor and White were hurt in a 23-3 loss to New England .. Tests revealed Taylor sustained a bruised patellar tendon, while White is being evaluated for a concussion.. WHEC: Read More. ...
argued against the presence of air sacs in dinosaurs. Researchers have presented evidence and arguments for air sacs in ... but that the air sacs were almost certainly present. A further indication for the presence of air sacs and their use in lung ... air sacs actually evolved before the channels in the skeleton that accommodate them in later forms. Evidence of air sacs has ... air sacs, and the physiology of sauropod dinosaurs". Paleobiology. 2003. and "Vertebral pneumaticity, air sacs, and the ...
Air sac generally refers to an organ or portion of an organ containing air within an animal's respiratory system. It may refer ... Reptiles This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Air sac. If an internal link led you here, you may ... small hollow cavities which are a part of the lungs within mammals Air sacs, structures in the saurischian dinosaur respiratory ...
... air sac disease, air sac infection, air sac syndrome and simply sac disease, is a common inflammatory condition of air sacs ... Air sacs are red, swollen and produce a lot of liquid. The cause of airsacculitis is a bacterial infection of air sacs. The ... It is thought that the lack of laryngeal air sacs in humans represents a derived feature. Air sac Bird anatomy#Respiratory ... that laryngeal air sac is not a synonym of pulmonary alveolus (sometimes also called an air sac), which represents the end of ...
These dots are the air sacs. They use these air sacs to migrate up and down in lakes. Glassworms breathe through the end of ... fact that a normal air filled invertebrate tracheal system would fail at these depths by having it reduced to just two air sacs ...
Alveoli (air sacs) are forming in lungs. Gestational age: 24 weeks old. Embryonic age: Week nr 25. 24 weeks old. The fetus ... Formation of the yolk sac. The embryonic cells flatten into a disk, two cells thick. If separation into identical twins occurs ... Rudimentary blood moves through primitive vessels connecting to the yolk sac and chorionic membranes. The metanephros, ...
They contain many air pockets connected to the pulmonary air sacs of the respiratory system. Their spongy interior makes them ... ISBN 978-0-521-81172-9. Gier, H. T. (1952). "The air sacs of the loon" (PDF). The Auk. 69 (1): 40-49. doi:10.2307/4081291. ... Bezuidenhout, A.J.; Groenewald, H.B.; Soley, J.T. (1999). "An anatomical study of the respiratory air sacs in ostriches" (PDF ... Wedel, Mathew J. (2003). "Vertebral pneumaticity, air sacs, and the physiology of sauropod dinosaurs" (PDF). Paleobiology. 29 ( ...
The air pockets of the bones are connected to the pulmonary air sacs: However the extent of pneumaticity depends on species. ... It is generally produced during development by excavation of bone by pneumatic diverticula (air sacs) from an air-filled space ... Farmer, CG (November 2006). "On the origin of avian air sacs". Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology. 154 (1-2): 89-106. doi: ... Wedel, Mathew J. (2003). "Vertebral pneumaticity, air sacs, and the physiology of sauropod dinosaurs" (PDF). Paleobiology. ...
These air sacs are filled with air, which is then released again to produce sound in a similar fashion to releasing air from a ... Air sacs just below the blowhole allow whales to produce sounds for communication and, for toothed whales, echolocation. ... Reidenberg, Joy S.; Laitman, Jeffrey T. (2008). "Sisters of the Sinuses: Cetacean Air Sacs". The Anatomical Record. 291 (11): ... The muscles controlling the nasal plug are relaxed during this time, but when the whale comes up for air these muscles contract ...
Cytodites nudus is a typical species of this type; it infests the air-sacs of birds. Laminosioptes cysticola , the fowl cyst ... or to penetrate and scrape at internal tissue such as air-sac or lung. Psoroptes ovis is an example of a surface-feeding mite. ... air-sac mites) Family: Laminosioptidae (fowl cyst mites) Family: Analgidae (feather mites) Family: Trombiculidae (trombiculid ... and other species have adapted to feed directly on internal tissues such as air-sacs or lungs (Cytoditidae and Laminosioptidae ...
... was launched from Vandenberg Air Force Base on 10 June 2011, with a planned mission life of five years. Due to a power ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to SAC-D. SAC-D website by CONAE SAC-D website by INVAP Aquarius website by NASA Aquarius ... NASA launched SAC-D from Vandenberg Air Force Base's Space Launch Complex 2W aboard a Delta II 7320-10C on 10 June 2011 at 14: ... "Aquarius/SAC-D onboard instruments". CONAE. Retrieved 18 December 2015. Miklus, Nicole; deCharon, Annette (2010). "Aquarius/SAC ...
These air spaces reduced the overall weight of the massive necks that the sauropods had, and the air-sac system in general, ... An air-sac system connected to the spaces not only lightened the long necks, but effectively increased the airflow through the ... In 2004, D.M. Henderson noted that, due to their extensive system of air sacs, sauropods would have been buoyant and would not ... Along with other saurischian dinosaurs (such as theropods, including birds), sauropods had a system of air sacs, evidenced by ...
The alveoli are the air sacs of the lungs. For these disorders, the alveoli are typically impaired by inflammatory and fibrotic ...
air sacs In modern birds, pulmonary air sacs are thin-walled, translucent air-filled bags connected to the lung. Together with ... Although only limited gas exchange is taking place within air sacs, they power the ventilation of the lung. Air sacs located ... Smaller and blind air-filled bags extending from the air sacs and the lung are known as pneumatic diverticula (singular: ... ISBN 978-0-226-72491-1. Wedel, M.J. (2009). "Evidence for bird-like air sacs in saurischian dinosaurs". Journal of Experimental ...
SAC RADIO WILL TAKE TO AIR JAN. 2". Los Angeles Times. December 23, 1973. Retrieved June 21, 2019. "MSAC program to aid ... The station went on the air January 2, 1974, after being a carrier current station. In fall 2011, the station was rebranded as ...
"SAC Bases: Goose Bay Air Base". strategic-air-command.com. Retrieved 24 March 2021. "Goose Bay". Encyclopedia of Newfoundland ... Air Canada and Eastern Provincial Airways were the first air carriers in the area to carry passengers from outside the area ... Goose Air Base became a landing and refuelling stop for the Atlantic Ferry route. Soon after the site was selected, men from ... In 1949, the Air Force donated a second building which became the North Star School. Mrs. Perrault became Happy Valley's first ...
"SAC Bases: Loring Air Force Base". Strategic-Air-Command.com. Retrieved August 3, 2018. Earth Tech, Inc. (1994). "Loring Air ... It was renamed Loring Air Force Base (AFB) in 1953 as the home of the Strategic Air Command (SAC) 42d Bombardment Wing ... Limestone Army Air Field was built in Limestone, Maine in 1947. ... of any SAC base. The 42d Bombardment Wing at Loring operated ...
"General Dougherty, former SAC commander, dies". Air Force Link. September 12, 2007. Archived from the original on September 15 ... John Henebry, 89, American Air Force major general, heart failure. Milan Jelić, 51, Bosnian politician, president of Republika ... American former commander in chief of the Strategic Air Command. Joseph W. Eschbach, 74, American doctor and kidney specialist ...
The large neck was filled with an extensive system of weight-saving air sacs.[citation needed] Brontosaurus, like its close ... Wedel, M. J. (2003). "Vertebral Pneumaticity, Air Sacs, and the Physiology of Sauropod Dinosaurs". Paleobiology. 29 (2): 243- ... Diplodocids like Brontosaurus are often portrayed with their necks held high up in the air, allowing them to browse on tall ...
Butler, R.J., Barrett, P.M., and gower, D.J. (2009). "Postcranial skeletal pneumaticity and air-sacs in the earliest pterosaurs ...
The lungs of theropod dinosaurs (carnivores that walked on two legs and had bird-like feet) likely pumped air into hollow sacs ... Large meat-eating dinosaurs had a complex system of air sacs similar to those found in modern birds, according to a 2005 ... CT scanning of Aerosteon's fossil bones revealed evidence for the existence of air sacs within the animal's body cavity. ... September 2008). Kemp, Tom (ed.). "Evidence for Avian Intrathoracic Air Sacs in a New Predatory Dinosaur from Argentina". PLOS ...
... and became the Third Air Force in May 1951 as part of the United States Air Forces in Europe. SAC then formed the 7th Air ... In the early years of the Cold War, the majority of the bomber force of the US Strategic Air Command (SAC) was made up of World ... Air Chief Marshal Sir John Slessor, who became Chief of the Air Staff in 1950, wrote that year that the Soviet superiority in ... Hopkins, Robert S. III (2019). Strategic Air Command in the UK: SAC Operations 1946-1992. Manchester: Hikoki Publications. ISBN ...
... at the rear the posterior thoracic air sac, in the middle the anterior thoracic air sac and in front the clavicular air sac, in ... at the same time a cervical air sac at the neck base sucked out the spent air from the lung. Both air sacs contracted ... The cervical air sac was positioned under the shoulder blade, on top of the front lung. The air sacs were via tubes connected ... Air sacs not only invaded the vertebrae but also the ribs. In Brachiosaurus, the air sacs invaded through a small opening on ...
Air flow is directed through the lungs via air sacs. The sacs are used to create a continuous unidirectional flow of fresh air ... but the common raven as a member of the Passeriformes group only has seven air sacs (missing two cervical air sacs). The common ... Most birds have nine air sacs, grouped into anterior and posterior sacs, ... Air moves in a unidirectional flow and blood travels in a concurrent direction to air flow. An advantage of this type of system ...
Though this plays a role in reducing the weight of the animal, Wedel (2003) states they are also likely connected to air sacs, ... To lighten its vertebrae, Apatosaurus had air sacs that made the bones internally full of holes. Like that of other diplodocids ... On this basis, its respiratory system would likely have been parabronchi, with multiple pulmonary air sacs as in avian lungs, ... The large neck was filled with an extensive system of weight-saving air sacs. Apatosaurus, like its close relative Supersaurus ...
SAC Strategic Air Command calls it Tyuratam. Can we once and for all straighten that out and arrive at a . . . name for it, Tom ...
A complicated system of valves and air sacs cycles air constantly over the absorption surfaces of the lungs so allowing maximal ... On careful dissection, around eight air sacs can be clearly seen. They extend quite far caudally into the abdomen. ... When the diaphragm relaxes (moves in the superior direction), air is exhaled by elastic recoil process of the lung and the ... Due to its position separating the thorax and abdomen, fluid abnormally present in the thorax, or air abnormally present in the ...
This would suggest the presence of laryngeal air sacs characteristic of non-human African apes (and large gibbons). Air sacs ... Hewitt, G.; MacLarnon, A.; Jones, K. E. (2002). "The Functions of Laryngeal Air Sacs in Primates: A New Hypothesis". Folia ... lower the risk of hyperventilating when producing faster extended call sequences by rebreathing exhaled air from the air sacs. ...
Air is briefly stored inside small sacs known as alveoli (sing.: alveolus) before being expelled from the lungs when the ... It brings oxygen from the air and excretes carbon dioxide and water back into the air. First, air is pulled through the trachea ... For the respiratory system to function properly, there need to be as few impediments as possible to the movement of air within ... Each alveolus is surrounded by capillaries carrying deoxygenated blood, which absorbs oxygen out of the air and into the ...
Mites were recovered from the autosomal air sacs of bumble bees. These mites can affect behavior and reduce longevity, which ...
They considered the space more likely to have been filled by a large yolk-sac. Air-sacs were nevertheless probable given the ... Many bird livers are large too, showing that such a trait is compatible with an air-sac system. The small body cavity in front ... Such a system would be an argument against the idea that birds, whose lungs are ventilated by air-sacs, are coelurosaurian ... Dal Sasso & Maganuco however, rejected this interpretation because with living birds the air-sac of the posterior abdomen does ...
The yolk sac is consumed in four days, and the larvae commence swimming after six days, at which point their eyes are ... All pufferfish can inflate, or "puff up", their bodies by quickly ingesting large amounts of water (or air when necessary) into ...
The program aired live from 9 p.m. through 12:30 a.m. EST. It was the first year the program began at 9 p.m. EST. Anderson and ... "do you have a sac?" Cooper replied, "I don't know what you're talking about, I have no sack of Christmas presents here." The ... The program aired from 9:00 p.m. to 1:00 a.m. eastern, the longest running time ever for the duo. Don Lemon and Brooke Baldwin ... The program aired from 8 p.m. to 12:30 a.m. Eastern time. Reporters included Richard Quest (Times Square); Don Lemon and Brooke ...
Open-air concerts featured a number of popular performers, including singers A-Mei and Stefanie Sun. Visitors rode the ... dreaded T-intersection and cul-de-sac. Edited by T. C. Kline, P. J. Ivanhoe (2000). Virtue, Nature, and Moral Agency in the ...
"Agnew's late TD pass lifts SDSU over Air Force, 21-17". ESPN. Retrieved 13 October 2018. "Football vs Air Force on 10/12/2018 ... "SDSU-Sac State Box" (PDF). Athletics at San Diego State University. Retrieved 9 September 2018. "Agnew, Washington lead SDSU to ... leans on D in upset against Boise State, 19-13, Game Book Air Force Falcons at San Diego State Aztecs at SDCCU Stadium, San ... and John Schriffen Agnew's late TD pass lifts SDSU over Air Force, 21-17, Game Book San Jose State Spartans at San Diego State ...
"What's 50, Curvy And Full of Air?; It's the Wiffle Ball, Still Popular, Holes and All". The New York Times. August 14, 2003. ... Wood, Sylvia (August 6, 2001). "A Field of Dreams on a Cul-de-Sac". Albany Times Union. Retrieved May 14, 2008. "AWA Wiffle ...
Bernard's Crusaders, Current Sac State Standout Andrew Ayers Named Best in WAC". The Times-Standard. Archived from the original ... "TCU's Morrison and Coats in Rarefied Mountain West Air in Frogs' Final Weeks in the League". Fort Worth Star-Telegram. 22 May ...
During the first season only one part of the street had been seen on the show - the cul-de-sac at the end of the street, known ... "Love Is in the Air") would be known as Karen McCluskey's home - it turns away before any names are shown. A map of Wisteria ... nor the buildings around the cul-de-sac, which wasn't included in the show's setting at the time. With two exceptions, all ten ... along with an air photo taken in 2004. TheStudioTour.com: Colonial Street - History, Retrieved August 3, 2007 TheStudioTour.com ...
It is also known as the "water gut" or "hind gut". It is a cul-de-sac pouch, about 1.2 m (4 ft) long that holds 26 to 30 L (7 ... The genus Equus also has a unique part of the respiratory system called the guttural pouch, which is thought to equalize air ... Located between the mandibles but below the occiput, it fills with air when the horse swallows or exhales. The horse's ... either a tendon sheath or a sac called a bursa. Tendons are easily damaged if placed under too much strain, which can result in ...
The wing became SAC's primary B-52 aircrew training organization, incorporating KC-135 aircrew training for the air refueling ... Castle Air Force Base (Castle AFB, 1941-1995) is a former United States Air Force Strategic Air Command base in California, ... Merced was home to several air tanker squadrons and remained a training center for pilots and air crews. Merced Army Air Field ... 31 July 1943 Continental Air Forces, 1 July 1945 Re-designated: Strategic Air Command, 21 March 1946 - 1 June 1992 Air Combat ...
After the 1954 Air Defense Command blockhouse was built at Ent Air Force Base, where the joint 1955 Continental Air Defense ... SAC similarly completed a bunker in 1955). The AJCC was equipped with command and control (C2) hardware by the end of 1955. In ... For the Air Force, it served as Headquarters USAF Advanced, capable of receiving the Chief of Staff and key officers. After ... The Army maintained that the Air Force command and control network was insufficiently reliable to permit proper control of Army ...
... had a needle thrust into my heart to give it a jet of air to produce "coronary thrombosis" and was given an electric shock with ... 1951 Letter to Director FBI from SAC Newark, March 21, 1951 Hubbard, letter to FBI of March 3 1951 Bulletin of the Hubbard ...
112 These sounds are reflected by the dense concave bone of the cranium and an air sac at its base. The focused beam is ... The dolphins would swim up behind enemy divers and attach a buoy to their air tank, so that they would float to the surface and ... Polar bears hunt primarily at the interface between ice, water, and air; they only rarely catch seals on land or in open water ... Polar bears, otters, and fur seals have long, oily, and waterproof fur in order to trap air to provide insulation. In contrast ...
Her mother, who was non-Indigenous, worked in naval intelligence, while her father was an air traffic controller and later an ... "Office for Learning and Teaching , Welcome". Altc.edu.au.[permanent dead link] "St Andrew's Cathedral School". Sacs.nsw.edu.au ...
Insana left SAC Capital. His first book, Traders' Tales (John Wiley), a compendium of anecdotes about Wall Street life, was ... He was the anchor of CNBC's Street Signs, which aired on weekdays during stock market hours. Until December 5, 2003, he and Sue ... In August 2008 the fund ceased operations because of investment losses and he joined SAC Capital Advisors in an unknown ... Carney, John (Feb 17, 2009). "Ron Insana Is Going, Going, Gone At SAC Capital". Business Insider. Retrieved 2020-08-11.{{cite ...
SAC bases with large concentrations of bombers made attractive targets. SAC's response was to break up its wings and scatter ... Air refueling squadrons of the United States Air Force, Air expeditionary squadrons of the United States Air Force). ... The 928th Expeditionary Air Refueling Squadron is a provisional unit of the United States Air Force. It is assigned to Air ... the 928th Air Refueling Squadron as the 928th Air Refueling Squadron 928th Air Refueling Squadron Constituted as the 928th Air ...
It takes about five minutes for the muscles to reach this temperature at an air temperature of 13 °C (55 °F). The chill-coma ... a tough cuticle and a larger venom sac that increase her chances of taking over a nest. Upon emerging from their cocoons, the ... he found that viscosity at the scale of small insects meant even their small wings can move a very large volume of air relative ... they had applied the equations of air resistance to insects and found their flight was impossible, but "One shouldn't be ...
Schriever clashed repeatedly with General Curtis LeMay of the Strategic Air Command (SAC). One disagreement was over the ... United States Air Force generals, United States Army Air Forces officers, United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II) ... However, in the wake of the Air Mail scandal, President Franklin D. Roosevelt called on the Air Corps to deliver the mail, and ... In 1959, he became commander of Air Research and Development Command (ARDC), and in 1961, of the Air Force Systems Command. He ...
Converting an intersection into a cul-de-sac or dead end. Boom barrier, restricting through traffic to authorised vehicles only ... Subsequently, it became valued for its ability to improve pedestrian safety and reduce noise and air pollution from traffic.[ ...
"VietJet Air S20 India service expansion". Airlineroute. Retrieved 27 January 2020. "Vietjet Air adds Ho Chi Minh City - Osaka ... SAC) Southern Airports Services Joint Stock Company Official Website (SASCO) Sasco Travel, a subsidiary of SASCO Saigon Ground ... "Air Premia opens cargo flights to Vietnam". Yonhap News Agency. 12 January 2022. "Flight Timetable" (PDF). EVA Air Cargo. " ... "Air China NW22 International Operations - 30OCT22". Aeroroutes. Retrieved 31 October 2022. "Air Premia Schedules Ho Chi Minh ...
It was tasked by the Director Special Forces to support MI6's operations (akin to the CIA's SAC - a covert paramilitary unit ... After members of the 22nd Special Air Service (SAS) Regiment returned to the UK in mid-December 2001, members of both ... Shortly before the Second Battle of Fallujah, MI6 personnel visited JSOCs TSF (Temporary Screening Facility) at Balad Air Base ... along with the Special Air Service. MI6 is nicknamed The Circus. Some say this was coined by John le Carré (former SIS officer ...
SAC) forces. In June 1960 the unit moved once again to Selfridge Air Force Base, Michigan. After performing, for ten years, ... attached to 47th Air Division, until 2 February 1953, then to 42d Air Division) 42d Air Division, 1 July 1953 - 18 November ... 4045th Air Refueling Wing, 1 June 1960 500th Air Refueling Wing, 1 January 1963 40th Air Division 15 December 1964 - 25 June ... 18 November 1953 Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama, 18 May 1954 Lincoln Air Force Base, Nebraska, 8 November 1954 Selfridge Air ...
... air sacs) of the lung. The alveolar macrophages have a characteristic light brown pigmentation and accumulate in the alveolar ...
The 4083d SW was a non-flying ground service support element for the Strategic Air Command (SAC) Eighth Air Force, based at ... The wing controlled operations at Thule when SAC took control of base from Northeast Air Command. The 4083d primarily providing ... The 4083d Strategic Wing (4083d SW) is a discontinued United States Air Force unit, that was stationed at Thule Air Base, ... It was redesignated the 4083d Air Base Wing 1 July 1959, and then inactivated on 1 July 1960 when Air Defense Command's 683d ...
First aired in 1969, the station primarily plays a mixture of jazz and blues and covers local sports and news. Two major ... The university is accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS). Its College of Music, the first school ...
... the 51 Bombardment squadron conducted strategic bombardment training and air refueling to meet SAC's global commitments. The B- ... later Hamilton Air Force Base), California, 9 Apr 1947 - 27 Jun 1949 Lake Charles Air Force Base (later Chennault Air Fore Base ... 1963-1982 List of B-52 Units of the United States Air Force "Air Force Personnel Services: Unit Awards". Air Force Personnel ... 1983) [1961]. Air Force Combat Units of World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0- ...
... was forced off air for having aired opposition to the war. After completing their final broadcast, Dozhd put on a loop of Swan ... Coyne, Andrew (4 March 2022). "Putin has driven Russia into a cul-de-sac filled with blood, with no obvious way out". The Globe ... At the rally, protesters clashed with the police, who in turn opened fire into the air. By the end of the day, the protest was ... The police fired live rounds into the air in an attempt to disperse the rally. In the evening of 25 September, a rally was held ...
Other materials used in her sculptures are stones, springs, bars, glass, air chambers, tires, rubber balls, water, sand, etc. ... Baranek's overwhelming tangles and whiskered sacs refer to the sexual symbol of women's hair; this is not only a symbol of ...
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  • The bronchioles end in tiny balloon-like air sacs called alveoli. (webmd.com)
  • Bronchioles end in tiny air sacs (alveoli) where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs. (rochester.edu)
  • The lungs contain tiny air sacs (alveoli), which is where oxygen is absorbed. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Alveoli (air sacs) are forming in lungs. (wikidoc.org)
  • Smoking permanently damages the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs, making it hard to breathe. (lung.ca)
  • The ending of a tiny airway in the lung, where the alveoli (air sacs) are located. (medicinenet.com)
  • Our air passages end in air sacs, or alveoli, which unlike the tubes of bird lungs have to be relatively large to ensure adequate air flow. (newscientist.com)
  • The infection causes your lungs' air sacs, called alveoli, to become inflamed. (smartdraw.com)
  • The bronchioles deliver air to tiny sacs called alveoli where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. (kembrel.com)
  • The smallest of those branches are called bronchioles, and they end in tiny air sacs called alveoli. (kembrel.com)
  • [ 1 ] Atelectasis occurs when the alveoli (small air sacs) within the lung become deflated or fill with alveolar fluid. (medscape.com)
  • Compression atelectasis occurs from any space-occupying lesion of the thorax compresses the lung and forces air out of the alveoli. (medscape.com)
  • Alveoli (lung bronchial tubes leading to air sacs) begin to relax. (who.int)
  • These extremely small particles pass easily into the bronchioles and the small air sacs or alveoli of the lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • Your lungs contain numerous small, elastic air sacs called alveoli. (lynchspharmacy.com)
  • But in certain circumstances, the alveoli fill with fluid instead of air, preventing oxygen from being absorbed into your bloodstream. (lynchspharmacy.com)
  • These irritants have a detrimental effect on the tiny air sacs (alveoli ) of the lungs. (orygenvalve.com)
  • The functional units for air exchange in the lungs are alveolus, these are small grape-like structured air sacs called the alveoli which are housed inside the lungs. (manipalhospitals.com)
  • This is an infection of the small air sacs, also called alveoli, and the surrounding tissues. (labarule.com)
  • The smoke damages your airways and the small air sacs(alveoli) leading to diseases such as COPD, emphysema, and bronchitis. (mfine.co)
  • Bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes (bronchi), the air passages that extend from the trachea into the small airways and alveoli. (medscape.com)
  • It travels down the back of your throat and into your windpipe, which is divided into air passages called bronchial tubes. (webmd.com)
  • As the bronchial tubes pass through your lungs, they divide into smaller air passages called bronchioles. (webmd.com)
  • Cells in your trachea and bronchial tubes make mucus that keeps air passages moist and helps keep things like dust, bacteria and viruses, and allergy -causing things out of your lungs. (webmd.com)
  • It can also soothe irritated bronchial tubes and air sacs. (naturalnews.com)
  • PST, five Boeing B-52B Stratofortress eight-engine jet bombers of the United States Air Force Strategic Air Command, 93rd Bombardment Wing (Heavy), departed Castle Air Force Base, near Merced, California, on a non-stop around-the-world flight. (wurtsmithairmuseum.net)
  • After boot training and technical school I was assigned to the Strategic Air Command (SAC) from December 1961 until December 1966. (voiceofoc.org)
  • 1-6,8 Air sacculitis is especially problematic in the orangutan ( Pongo pygmaeus ) and can lead to pneumonia which is often fatal. (vin.com)
  • 3,4,7,8 More invasive measures include surgical closure of ostia to prevent the spread of pneumonia and/or air sac marsupialization to allow continual drainage. (vin.com)
  • In someone who has pneumonia, the air sacs fill up with pus and other fluid. (kidshealth.org)
  • When you have pneumonia, these small air sacs become inflamed and may even become filled with pus or fluid. (healthline.com)
  • Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. (mexapharma.com)
  • More exercise means more oxygen required and more air breathed in to provide it. (divelogs.com)
  • A streamlined diver who has tucked all un-needed equipment away, and is trying to stay as horizontal as possible, is having to work a lot less and so needs less air to supply less oxygen to the muscles in the body. (divelogs.com)
  • Here, oxygen from inhaled air passes into your blood . (webmd.com)
  • The air sacs must remain open for oxygen to enter the blood and for the blood to release carbon dioxide into the lungs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Your lungs are filled with small air sacs that help oxygen get into the blood. (healthline.com)
  • Air travel and high-altitudes need to be proceeded with caution, and you may need to bring extra oxygen. (doctors-hospital.net)
  • In mammals' two-way lungs, not as much fresh air reaches the deepest parts of the lungs, and incoming air is diluted by the oxygen-poor air that remains after we breathe out. (newscientist.com)
  • With each breath, these air sacs take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. (lynchspharmacy.com)
  • The lungs are muscular bags of flesh inside our body that help in absorbing oxygen from the air. (manipalhospitals.com)
  • Tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchioles (tiny branches of air tubes in the lungs). (kembrel.com)
  • Bronchioles are air passages inside the lungs that branch off like tree limbs from the bronchi-the two main air passages into which air flows from the trachea (windpipe) after being inhaled through the nose or mouth. (kembrel.com)
  • In people with interstitial lung disease, this tissue becomes stiff or scarred, and the air sacs are not able to expand as much. (medlineplus.gov)
  • There- virus RNA also were detected in the lung and left air sac fore, we determined the susceptibility of chickens, turkeys, from a few chicks and poults early after infection through and mice to pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. (cdc.gov)
  • It affects the space around the small air sacs of the lung. (epnet.com)
  • This elastic quality helps retain the normal structure of the lung and helps move the air quickly in and out. (cdc.gov)
  • Asthma is a chronic lung disease that affects the airways, which are the tubes that carry air in and out of the lungs. (mexapharma.com)
  • In the past, complete resection of the laryngeal air sac has been successfully performed in baboons ( Papio anubis ) without apparent clinical recurrence of infection. (vin.com)
  • We demonstrated fected oculo-oronasally, through the air sac, or by contact that chickens were refractory to infection. (cdc.gov)
  • As a result, pressure increases inside the left atrium and then in the pulmonary veins and capillaries, causing fluid to be pushed through the capillary walls into the air sacs. (lynchspharmacy.com)
  • They commence in a capillary network upon the walls of the air sacs, and join together form one vessel for each lobule. (who.int)
  • In people with COPD, the air sacs no longer bounce back to their original shape. (cdc.gov)
  • Emphysema happens when the walls of the air sacs inside your lungs are damaged. (familydoctor.org)
  • Emphysema slowly destroys air sacs in your lungs, which interferes with outward air flow. (ndtv.com)
  • Air sac resection was performed, leaving a small amount of air sac to marsupialize around the open right ostia. (vin.com)
  • Normally, the small sacs in the lungs are filled with air. (kidshealth.org)
  • These modern air filters can trap particles as small as 0.3 microns. (orygenvalve.com)
  • One of the results of the commission's work was the conclusion that in order to meet the Air Force SAC's needs for a promising, relatively low-cost, highly survivable ICBM, it was necessary to develop "small, solid-fuel, monoblock and high-precision mobile ground-based ICBMs. (missilery.info)
  • We provide service to all of the airports including San Francisco international airport (SFO) and Oakland international airport (oak air), San Jose international airport (SJC), Sacramento airport (SAC) and all of the small private airports. (sanfranciscobayarealimo.com)
  • There are many published reports of abnormalities in lacrimal sacs, orbital walls, and sinuses, which could affect the final results of endonasal DCR [ 7 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. (ekjo.org)
  • Upon presentation at the Columbus Zoo, the infected air sac was again treated with oral antibiotics but began to slough, revealing a large, semi-fluid air sac abscess. (vin.com)
  • This fluid collects in the many air sacs in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe. (mayoclinic.org)
  • The air sacs may fill up with fluid or pus, causing symptoms such as a cough, fever, chills, and trouble breathing. (smartdraw.com)
  • The free surface of this tissue is exposed either to air or fluid. (scienceoutlined.com)
  • The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus (purulent material), causing cough with phlegm or pus, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. (mexapharma.com)
  • When your lungs become infected, air sacs located inside become inflamed and risk filling with fluid. (drmayankshukla.com)
  • The airways are the tubes that carry air to and from your lungs. (familydoctor.org)
  • This swelling causes your airways to narrow, making it harder to push air through them. (familydoctor.org)
  • Airways carry air in and out of the lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • Healthy airways and air sacs in the lungs are elastic--they bounce back to their original shape after being filled with air and stretched, just the way a new rubber band or balloon does. (cdc.gov)
  • The airways can also become swollen and mucus production might increase, making it even harder to get air in and out of the lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • Asthma: Asthma is a condition that affects your airways.that carry air in and out of your lungs. (cdc.gov)
  • Tiny hairs, called cilia, along your air passages move in a sweeping motion to keep the passages clean. (webmd.com)
  • The bronchi (or bronchus) are the air passages into the lungs that begin at the end of the trachea. (kembrel.com)
  • 2009 Virus In addition, 28 chickens (1 week of age) and 28 turkeys (1 week of age) were inoculated with 200 L of virus suspen- sion (106 TCID ) directly into the left air sac. (cdc.gov)
  • From a peak of more than 300 males in the early 2000s, prairie chickens in the county have declined to about 25 males, which gather on mating grounds called leks and produce an eerie "booming" sound by inflating air sacs on their necks to attract a mate. (boerenlandvogels.nl)
  • In birds that have avian chlamydiosis (AC), cloudy air sacs and enlarged liver and spleen are usually observed, but no specific, gross lesion is pathognomonic. (cdc.gov)
  • The deeper we go, the more compressed the air becomes and so we consume more of it for each breath. (divelogs.com)
  • At the surface, we might consume 1.5 litres of air in a breath, but at 20 meters deep this has turned into 4.5 litres. (divelogs.com)
  • The colder you are, the more air you breath. (divelogs.com)
  • These air sacs expand with each breath. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Breathing starts when you inhale air into your nose or mouth . (webmd.com)
  • Lateral extensions of the sac were dissected into the axillary regions where they could not be traced further. (vin.com)
  • This liquid coats the tiny sacs of air in the lungs, preventing them from collapsing. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • What are tiny sacs in the lungs? (kembrel.com)
  • These tiny air sacs act as air exchange units, in the case of a healthy individual. (manipalhospitals.com)
  • Surgical resection of the infected air sac was performed, ligating the air sac at its connections with the larynx. (vin.com)
  • Air then travels down the throat through the larynx and trachea. (rochester.edu)
  • The medullary cavity of pneumatic bone in the avian skeleton contains diverticula of internal air sacs. (pheasant.com)
  • Remember that the respiratory system of a bird includes lungs, air sacs and hollow bones. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • How Does the Respiratory System Clean the Air? (webmd.com)
  • Your respiratory system has built-in methods to keep harmful things in the air from entering your lungs. (webmd.com)
  • Thin-walled sacs or spaces which function as a part of the respiratory system in birds, fishes, insects, and mammals. (bvsalud.org)
  • However, because of the Berlin Crisis in August of 1961, I joined the United States Air Force in the same month. (voiceofoc.org)
  • Thousands of Sacramento residents, businesses, schools and government agencies are coming together to clear the air in their communities for the 4th Annual California Clean Air Day. (sacculturalhub.com)
  • SMUD Director Heidi Sanborn, who is a member of the Sacramento Clean Air Day Working Group, Kiwanis Club of Carmichael and co-chair of the Giving Tree committee, will be joined by local leaders, and community volunteers on the 4th Annual California Clean Air Day this Wednesday for a tree-planting event at La Sierra Community Center. (sacculturalhub.com)
  • The event is co-sponsored by SMUD, Kiwanis Club of Carmichael Foundation, Sacramento Tree Foundation,Coalition for Clean Air, and the Carmichael Recreation and Park District. (sacculturalhub.com)
  • This season we are going all out in an effort to encourage Sacramento-area residents and businesses to do their part to help Spare The Air. (prosiopr.com)
  • Sophia is a "kid genius" who helps Sacramento-area residents and businesses learn more about air pollution and how they can help prevent it. (prosiopr.com)
  • Sacramento Region Air Quality app: To support AQMD's ongoing efforts to protect the community from the harmful effects of ground-level ozone (smog), we're continuing to promote the Sacramento Region Air Quality app. (prosiopr.com)
  • Scooter will be out and about all over the Sacramento region this summer and early fall in an effort to promote clean air. (prosiopr.com)
  • The currency exchange rate between Sacramento (SAC) and Manzini (MTS) is 1 USD = 13.2808 SZL. (jetradar.com)
  • Nous détaillants web thèse chanel 2.55 peut offrir chanel sac beaucoup moins cher Avec un site de service de modification sur le chanel sac, même si cette classification signifie que vous tomberez en amour avec une robe C'est chanel 2.55 prix vraiment un objectif trop large des TIC moitié du coût d'origine, il peut encore être le vôtre juste lui en pop et tailleurs de sac chanel Leur travail pour vous! (nenonline.org)
  • The tissue around these air sacs is called the interstitium. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Built-in air conditioning, multiple outdoor spaces and direct access to secure underground parking. (oakwyn.com)
  • The planting of these shade trees will not only beautify and cool our public gathering areas, but they also are nature's way to remove carbon from the air and protect us from the effects of climate change," Sanborn said. (sacculturalhub.com)
  • If these are impaired, viruses, bacteria and fungi have a greater chance of colonising the bird in its air sacs, lungs and bones and causing disease which is therefore very difficult to eradicate. (thepoultrysite.com)
  • Take out the air through pursed lips and press your stomach gently so that diaphragm can exhale more air. (orygenvalve.com)
  • You should also install a standalone air purifier in the room/space where you spend most of your time. (orygenvalve.com)
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  • 45 hours, 19 minutes later, three B-52s landed at March Air Force Base, Riverside, California, completing the 24,325 miles (39,147 kilometer) flight at an average speed of 534 miles per hour (859 kilometers per hour). (wurtsmithairmuseum.net)
  • Dome which, in the interest of national defense, required the Air Force to fly aircraft carrying nuclear weapons around the world 24 hours a day. (cdc.gov)
  • The Air Force contracted 140 trucks to move 3,400 truck loads of replacement soil from a dry river bed. (cdc.gov)
  • air force wei? (netfreehost.com)
  • Work on the shape of the future missile began in January 1984 and was conducted under the leadership of BMOH ("Ballistic Missile Organization", Headquarters of), Norton Air Force Base (California). (missilery.info)
  • In the same year, work began at Hill Air Force Base, Utah, at the Air Force's Ogden Logistics Center, to build specialized SICBM test stands. (missilery.info)
  • But already in October 1985 it became clear that during the calculations it was allowed to re-evaluate the state of the U.S. solid fuel missile base at that time, and in March 1986, the General Staff of the SAC Air Force issued revised requirements for the prospective missile, including taking into account its equipment KSP missile defense. (missilery.info)
  • We had experience in the United States flying against some of our own Air Force and Navy interceptors and always, without knowing in advance our course, speed, and altitude, they could not be in-position and ready to fire a simulated anti-aircraft missile successfully. (hushkit.net)
  • chanel vente privée sont presque certainement un single avec l'effectif le plus recherché IMMÉDIATEMENT sacs de créateurs sur le marché. (nenonline.org)
  • Air flows through bird lungs in one direction only, pumped through by interlinked air sacs on either side. (newscientist.com)
  • Chronic air sacculitis has been documented as a prevalent problem in both free-ranging and captive great apes and monkeys. (vin.com)
  • Air sac resection is an uncomplicated and successful treatment modality for chronic air sacculitis in great apes and should be considered in cases of recurrence and/or chronicity. (vin.com)
  • Êtes-vous en mesure d'apprendre un sac chanel à prix réduits sac a main chanel authentique? (nenonline.org)
  • The upper synthetic mesh of the 3 sport shoes provides proper air ventilation wherein the strong out-sole is perfect for adventure travels, active sports, daily wear, etc. (naaptol.com)
  • We offer many products like nylon mesh pre filter g3 air filter wholesale that are both affordable and high-quality. (szacunrodzice.pl)
  • Wearing the right exposure suit for the conditions is always a good idea and will also help you with your air consumption. (divelogs.com)
  • Minimize Exposure to Outdoor Air Pollution. (kembrel.com)
  • This simple, non-invasive test measures the amount of air you can blow out of your lungs. (familydoctor.org)
  • Made possible in part thanks to funding from SMUD, an estimated 2 million individuals and 600 organizations are expected to take part in the 4th annual California Clean Air Day. (sacculturalhub.com)
  • If we did two identical dives one at 10 meters and one at 20 meters then we should expect to use 1.5 times the amount of air for the 20 meter dive. (divelogs.com)
  • Faculty, staff and students combine to make SAC a wonderful place. (hhlink.com)
  • This could include certain chemicals, air pollution, or dust. (familydoctor.org)
  • This includes secondhand smoke, air pollution (avoid being outside on days when air pollution is high), chemicals, and dust. (familydoctor.org)
  • How many of us completed our basic open water training, went on a diving holiday and then looked in amazement at the divers that were getting back onto the boat with half their air left? (divelogs.com)
  • Open, landscaped courtyard bringing more light and fresh air into homes. (oakwyn.com)