Air pollution radioactive. Medical search

Air Pollution: The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. The substances may include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; or volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.Air Pollutants: Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.Particulate Matter: Particles of any solid substance, generally under 30 microns in size, often noted as PM30. There is special concern with PM1 which can get down to PULMONARY ALVEOLI and induce MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION and PHAGOCYTOSIS leading to FOREIGN BODY REACTION and LUNG DISEASES.Nitrogen Dioxide: Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.Sulfur Dioxide: A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.Air Pollution, Indoor: The contamination of indoor air.Vehicle Emissions: Gases, fumes, vapors, and odors escaping from the cylinders of a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Ozone: The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).Environmental Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.Environmental Monitoring: The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.Air: The mixture of gases present in the earth's atmosphere consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.Respiratory Tract Diseases Water Pollution: Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)Epidemiological Monitoring: Collection, analysis, and interpretation of data about the frequency, distribution, and consequences of disease or health conditions, for use in the planning, implementing, and evaluating public health programs.Particle Size: Relating to the size of solids.Environmental Pollution: Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.Cities: A large or important municipality of a country, usually a major metropolitan center.Urban Health: The status of health in urban populations.Oxidants, Photochemical: Compounds that accept electrons in an oxidation-reduction reaction. The reaction is induced by or accelerated by exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of visible or ultraviolet light.Inhalation Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them.Carbon Monoxide: Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)Nitrogen Oxides: Inorganic oxides that contain nitrogen.Weather: The state of the ATMOSPHERE over minutes to months.Respiration Disorders: Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.Motor Vehicles: AUTOMOBILES, trucks, buses, or similar engine-driven conveyances. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Seasons: Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)SmokeSmog: A mixture of smoke and fog polluting the atmosphere. (Dorland, 27th ed)Air Movements: The motion of air currents.Mortality: All deaths reported in a given population.Environmental Health: The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.Soot: A dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, composed mainly of amorphous CARBON and some HYDROCARBONS, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smoke. It is the product of incomplete combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in low oxygen conditions. It is sometimes called lampblack or carbon black and is used in INK, in rubber tires, and to prepare CARBON NANOTUBES.Cooking: The art or practice of preparing food. It includes the preparation of special foods for diets in various diseases.Environmental Illness: A polysymptomatic condition believed by clinical ecologists to result from immune dysregulation induced by common foods, allergens, and chemicals, resulting in various physical and mental disorders. The medical community has remained largely skeptical of the existence of this "disease", given the plethora of symptoms attributed to environmental illness, the lack of reproducible laboratory abnormalities, and the use of unproven therapies to treat the condition. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Heating: The application of heat to raise the temperature of the environment, ambient or local, or the systems for accomplishing this effect. It is distinguished from HEAT, the physical property and principle of physics.Fossil Fuels: Any combustible hydrocarbon deposit formed from the remains of prehistoric organisms. Examples are petroleum, coal, and natural gas.Coal: A natural fuel formed by partial decomposition of vegetable matter under certain environmental conditions.Asthma: A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).Maternal Exposure: Exposure of the female parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring. It includes pre-conception maternal exposure.Czech Republic: Created 1 January 1993 as a result of the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.Urban Population: The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.Acid Rain: Acidic water usually pH 2.5 to 4.5, which poisons the ecosystem and adversely affects plants, fishes, and mammals. It is caused by industrial pollutants, mainly sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted into the atmosphere and returning to earth in the form of acidic rain water.Energy-Generating Resources: Materials or phenomena which can provide energy directly or via conversion.Tobacco Smoke Pollution: Contamination of the air by tobacco smoke.Poisson Distribution: A distribution function used to describe the occurrence of rare events or to describe the sampling distribution of isolated counts in a continuum of time or space.Meteorological Concepts: The atmospheric properties, characteristics and other atmospheric phenomena especially pertaining to WEATHER or CLIMATE.Epidemiologic Studies: Studies designed to examine associations, commonly, hypothesized causal relations. They are usually concerned with identifying or measuring the effects of risk factors or exposures. The common types of analytic study are CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; and CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES.Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic: A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)Water Pollution, Chemical: Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.Industry: Any enterprise centered on the processing, assembly, production, or marketing of a line of products, services, commodities, or merchandise, in a particular field often named after its principal product. Examples include the automobile, fishing, music, publishing, insurance, and textile industries.Air Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the air. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.Wood: A product of hard secondary xylem composed of CELLULOSE, hemicellulose, and LIGNANS, that is under the bark of trees and shrubs. It is used in construction and as a source of CHARCOAL and many other products.Ventilation: Supplying a building or house, their rooms and corridors, with fresh air. The controlling of the environment thus may be in public or domestic sites and in medical or non-medical locales. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Incineration: High temperature destruction of waste by burning with subsequent reduction to ashes or conversion to an inert mass.Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Embolism, Air: Blocking of a blood vessel by air bubbles that enter the circulatory system, usually after TRAUMA; surgical procedures, or changes in atmospheric pressure.California Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Dust: Earth or other matter in fine, dry particles. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Air Pollutants, Occupational: Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.Geographic Information Systems: Computer systems capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations.Maximum Allowable Concentration: The maximum exposure to a biologically active physical or chemical agent that is allowed during an 8-hour period (a workday) in a population of workers, or during a 24-hour period in the general population, which does not appear to cause appreciable harm, whether immediate or delayed for any period, in the target population. (From Lewis Dictionary of Toxicology, 1st ed)Metals, Heavy: Metals with high specific gravity, typically larger than 5. They have complex spectra, form colored salts and double salts, have a low electrode potential, are mainly amphoteric, yield weak bases and weak acids, and are oxidizing or reducing agents (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Models, Theoretical: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Public Health: Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.China: A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)BostonCarbon: A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.Lung Diseases: Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.Fires Humidity: A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Noise, Transportation: Noise associated with transportation, particularly aircraft and automobiles.Peak Expiratory Flow Rate: Measurement of the maximum rate of airflow attained during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination. Common abbreviations are PEFR and PFR.Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.Residence Characteristics: Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.Polycyclic Compounds: Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures.Cross-Over Studies: Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Respiratory Sounds: Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.Automobiles: A usually four-wheeled automotive vehicle designed for passenger transportation and commonly propelled by an internal-combustion engine using a volatile fuel. (Webster, 1973)Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Geography: The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)Climate: The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)RomeSulfur Oxides: Inorganic oxides of sulfur.Air Conditioning: The maintenance of certain aspects of the environment within a defined space to facilitate the function of that space; aspects controlled include air temperature and motion, radiant heat level, moisture, and concentration of pollutants such as dust, microorganisms, and gases. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Models, Statistical: Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.Confounding Factors (Epidemiology): Factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest, are not intermediate variables, and are not associated with the factor(s) under investigation. They give rise to situations in which the effects of two processes are not separated, or the contribution of causal factors cannot be separated, or the measure of the effect of exposure or risk is distorted because of its association with other factors influencing the outcome of the study.Otitis: Inflammation of the ear, which may be marked by pain (EARACHE), fever, HEARING DISORDERS, and VERTIGO. Inflammation of the external ear is OTITIS EXTERNA; of the middle ear, OTITIS MEDIA; of the inner ear, LABYRINTHITIS.Housing: Living facilities for humans.Respiratory Function Tests: Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.Biomass: Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.Water Pollutants: Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.Aerosols: Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.Industrial Waste: Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations.Europe Spacecraft: Devices, manned and unmanned, which are designed to be placed into an orbit about the Earth or into a trajectory to another celestial body. (NASA Thesaurus, 1988)LondonKerosene: A refined petroleum fraction used as a fuel as well as a solvent.Gases: The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Hospitalization: The confinement of a patient in a hospital.Coal Ash: Residue generated from combustion of coal or petroleum.Water Pollutants, Chemical: Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.Bronchitis: Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.Benzene: Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.Los Angeles Causality: The relating of causes to the effects they produce. Causes are termed necessary when they must always precede an effect and sufficient when they initiate or produce an effect. Any of several factors may be associated with the potential disease causation or outcome, including predisposing factors, enabling factors, precipitating factors, reinforcing factors, and risk factors.Linear Models: Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.Small-Area Analysis: A method of analyzing the variation in utilization of health care in small geographic or demographic areas. It often studies, for example, the usage rates for a given service or procedure in several small areas, documenting the variation among the areas. By comparing high- and low-use areas, the analysis attempts to determine whether there is a pattern to such use and to identify variables that are associated with and contribute to the variation.Health Impact Assessment: Combination of procedures, methods, and tools by which a policy, program, or project may be judged as to its potential effects on the health of a population, and the distribution of those effects within the population.Greenhouse Effect: The effect of GLOBAL WARMING and the resulting increase in world temperatures. The predicted health effects of such long-term climatic change include increased incidence of respiratory, water-borne, and vector-borne diseases.Cause of Death: Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint.Household Articles: Various material objects and items in the home. It includes temporary or permanent machinery and appliances. It does not include furniture or interior furnishings (FURNITURE see INTERIOR DESIGN AND FURNISHINGS; INTERIOR FURNISHINGS see INTERIOR DESIGN AND FURNISHINGS).Lung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.Environmental Pollutants: Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions.United States Environmental Protection Agency: An agency in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government. It was created as an independent regulatory agency responsible for the implementation of federal laws designed to protect the environment. Its mission is to protect human health and the ENVIRONMENT.United States Patient Admission: The process of accepting patients. The concept includes patients accepted for medical and nursing care in a hospital or other health care institution.Mexico Germany, EastOdds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.New Jersey Soil Pollutants: Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.Transportation: The means of moving persons, animals, goods, or materials from one place to another.Georgia Bronchitis, Chronic: A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis.Premature Birth: CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).Atmosphere: The gaseous envelope surrounding a planet or similar body. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Air Sacs: Thin-walled sacs or spaces which function as a part of the respiratory system in birds, fishes, insects, and mammals.Rivers: Large natural streams of FRESH WATER formed by converging tributaries and which empty into a body of water (lake or ocean).Infant, Low Birth Weight: An infant having a birth weight of 2500 gm. (5.5 lb.) or less but INFANT, VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT is available for infants having a birth weight of 1500 grams (3.3 lb.) or less.Epidemiologic Methods: Research techniques that focus on study designs and data gathering methods in human and animal populations.Environmental Policy: A course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual that concerns human interactions with nature and natural resources.Occupational Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.Aircraft: A weight-carrying structure for navigation of the air that is supported either by its own buoyancy or by the dynamic action of the air against its surfaces. (Webster, 1973)Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Legislation as Topic: The enactment of laws and ordinances and their regulation by official organs of a nation, state, or other legislative organization. It refers also to health-related laws and regulations in general or for which there is no specific heading.Microclimate: The climate of a very small area.Maps as Topic: Representations, normally to scale and on a flat medium, of a selection of material or abstract features on the surface of the earth, the heavens, or celestial bodies.Health: The state of the organism when it functions optimally without evidence of disease.Germany Carcinogens, Environmental: Carcinogenic substances that are found in the environment.Volatile Organic Compounds: Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature.Spain: Parliamentary democracy located between France on the northeast and Portugual on the west and bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Temperature: The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.Extraction and Processing Industry: The industry concerned with the removal of raw materials from the Earth's crust and with their conversion into refined products.Manure: Accumulations of solid or liquid animal excreta usually from stables and barnyards with or without litter material. Its chief application is as a fertilizer. (From Webster's 3d ed)Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Gasoline: Volative flammable fuel (liquid hydrocarbons) derived from crude petroleum by processes such as distillation reforming, polymerization, etc.Power Plants: Units that convert some other form of energy into electrical energy.Tokyo Atmosphere Exposure Chambers: Experimental devices used in inhalation studies in which a person or animal is either partially or completely immersed in a chemically controlled atmosphere.Pollen: The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.Petroleum: Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.Fuel Oils: Complex petroleum hydrocarbons consisting mainly of residues from crude oil distillation. These liquid products include heating oils, stove oils, and furnace oils and are burned to generate energy.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Ecology: The branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their ENVIRONMENT, especially as manifested by natural cycles and rhythms, community development and structure, interactions between different kinds of organisms, geographic distributions, and population alterations. (Webster's, 3d ed)GuatemalaIncidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Steel: A tough, malleable, iron-based alloy containing up to, but no more than, two percent carbon and often other metals. It is used in medicine and dentistry in implants and instrumentation.Water Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.Risk: The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.

Exposure to indoor background radiation and urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative DNA damage. (1/20)

We investigated whether exposure to indoor [gamma]-radiation and radon might be associated with enough free radical formation to increase urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a sensitive marker of DNA damage, due to a hydroxyl radical attack at the C8 of guanine. Indoor radon and [gamma]-radiation levels were measured in 32 dwellings for 6 months by solid-state nuclear track detectors and thermoluminescent dosimeters, respectively. Urine samples for 8-OHdG determinations were obtained from 63 healthy adult subjects living in the measured dwellings. An overall tendency toward increasing levels of 8-OHdG with increasing levels of radon and [gamma]-radiation was seen in the females, presumably due to their estimated longer occupancy in the dwellings measured. Different models were considered for females, with the steepest slopes obtained for [gamma]-radiation with a coefficient of 0.500 (log nmol/l of 8-OHdG for each unit increase of [gamma]-radiation on a log scale) (p<0.01), and increasing to 0.632 (p = 0.035), but with larger variance, when radon was included in the model. In conclusion, there seems to be an effect of indoor radioactivity on the urinary excretion of 8-OHdG for females, who are estimated to have a higher occupancy in the dwellings measured than for males, for whom occupational and other agents may also influence 8-OHdG excretion. ree radicals; [gamma]-radiation; radon. (+info)

Cancer risk around the nuclear power plants of Trillo and Zorita (Spain). (2/20)

AIM: To investigate the association between cancer risk and proximity of place of residence to the Guadalajara nuclear power plants: Trillo and Zorita. METHODS: Case-control study. Cases were patients admitted with cancer and controls were non-tumorous patients, both admitted to Guadalajara Hospital (period 1988-99). Exposure factor: place of residence (areas within 10, 20, and 30 km of each plant). Odds ratios (ORs) of those areas closest to the plants were calculated with respect to those furthest away; a linear trend analysis was also performed. RESULTS: In the extreme areas in the vicinity of Trillo, an OR of 1.71 was obtained (95% CI 1.15 to 2.53), increasing in magnitude in the subgroup of more radioinducible tumours and in the period considered as post-latency (1997-99). Risk increased linearly with proximity to the two plants, significantly in Trillo (p < 0.01) but not in Zorita (p = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between proximity of residence to Trillo and cancer risk, although the limitations of the study should be kept in mind when interpreting the possible causal relation. (+info)

RADIATION PROTECTION IN CANADA. III. THE ROLE OF THE RADIATION PROTECTION DIVISION IN SAFEGUARDING THE HEALTH OF THE PUBLIC. (3/20)

The current status of radiation protection in Canada is discussed in the last of a three-part series. Particular emphasis has been placed on the role of the Radiation Protection Division of the Department of National Health and Welfare. A radioactive fallout study program has been established involving the systematic collection of air and precipitation samples from 24 locations, soil samples from 23 locations, fresh-milk samples from 16 locations, wheat samples from nine areas and human-bone specimens from various hospitals throughout Canada. A whole-body-counting facility and a special study of fallout in Northern areas have also been initiated. For any age group, the highest average strontium-90 concentration in human bone so far reported has been less than four picocuries per gram of calcium compared with the maximum permissible level of 67 derived from the International Committee on Radiation Protection (ICRP) recommendations. By the end of 1963 a general downward trend of levels of radioactivity detected in other parts of the program has been observed. Programs to assess the contribution to the radiation exposure of members of the population from medical x-rays, nuclear reactor operations and natural background-radiation sources have also been described. The annual genetically significant dose from diagnostic x-ray examinations in Canadian public hospitals has been estimated to be 25.8 mrem. Results from the reactor-environment monitoring programs have not suggested the presence of radioactivity beyond that contributed from fallout. (+info)

Radon in homes and risk of lung cancer: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies. (4/20)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of lung cancer associated with exposure at home to the radioactive disintegration products of naturally occurring radon gas. DESIGN: Collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 case-control studies of residential radon and lung cancer. SETTING: Nine European countries. SUBJECTS: 7148 cases of lung cancer and 14,208 controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risks of lung cancer and radon gas concentrations in homes inhabited during the previous 5-34 years measured in becquerels (radon disintegrations per second) per cubic metre (Bq/m3) of household air. RESULTS: The mean measured radon concentration in homes of people in the control group was 97 Bq/m3, with 11% measuring > 200 and 4% measuring > 400 Bq/m3. For cases of lung cancer the mean concentration was 104 Bq/m3. The risk of lung cancer increased by 8.4% (95% confidence interval 3.0% to 15.8%) per 100 Bq/m3 increase in measured radon (P = 0.0007). This corresponds to an increase of 16% (5% to 31%) per 100 Bq/m3 increase in usual radon--that is, after correction for the dilution caused by random uncertainties in measuring radon concentrations. The dose-response relation seemed to be linear with no threshold and remained significant (P = 0.04) in analyses limited to individuals from homes with measured radon < 200 Bq/m3. The proportionate excess risk did not differ significantly with study, age, sex, or smoking. In the absence of other causes of death, the absolute risks of lung cancer by age 75 years at usual radon concentrations of 0, 100, and 400 Bq/m3 would be about 0.4%, 0.5%, and 0.7%, respectively, for lifelong non-smokers, and about 25 times greater (10%, 12%, and 16%) for cigarette smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, though not separately, these studies show appreciable hazards from residential radon, particularly for smokers and recent ex-smokers, and indicate that it is responsible for about 2% of all deaths from cancer in Europe. (+info)

Archeo-cell biology: carbon dating is not just for pots and dinosaurs. (5/20)

Defining the life span of specific human cell populations is limited by our inability to mark the exact time when cells are born in a way that can be detected over many years. In this issue of Cell, Spalding et al. (2005) describe a clever strategy for retrospectively birth dating human cells in vivo, based on their incorporation of 14C during a peak in atmospheric levels of this isotope resulting from above-ground nuclear arms testing in the 1950s. (+info)

Indoor radon and lung cancer. Estimating the risks. (6/20)

Radon is ubiquitous in indoor environments. Epidemiologic studies of underground miners with exposure to radon and experimental evidence have established that radon causes lung cancer. The finding that this naturally occurring carcinogen is present in the air of homes and other buildings has raised concern about the lung cancer risk to the general population from radon. I review current approaches for assessing the risk of indoor radon, emphasizing the extrapolation of the risks for miners to the general population. Although uncertainties are inherent in this risk assessment, the present evidence warrants identifying homes that have unacceptably high concentrations. (+info)

Indoor-atmospheric radon-related radioactivity affected by a change of ventilation strategy. (7/20)

The present author has kept observation for concentrations of atmospheric radon, radon progeny and thoron progeny for several years at the campus of Fukushima Medical University. Accidentally, in the midst of an observation term, i.e., February 2005, the facility management group of the university changed a strategy for the manner of ventilation, probably because of a recession: (I) tidy everyday ventilation of 7:30-24:00 into (II) shortened weekday ventilation of 8: 00-21 : 00 with weekend halts. This change of ventilation manner brought a clear alteration for the concentrations of radon-related natural radioactivity in indoor air. The present paper concerns an investigation of the effect of the ventilation strategy on the indoor-atmospheric radon-related radioactivity. (+info)

Indoor radon concentrations and assessment of doses in four districts of the Punjab Province - Pakistan. (8/20)

Seasonal indoor radon measurement studies have been carried out in four districts, namely, Jhelum, Chakwal, Rawalpindi and Attock of the Punjab Province. In this regard, CR-39 based detectors were installed in bedrooms, drawing rooms and kitchens of 40 randomly selected houses in each district. After exposing to radon in each season, CR-39 detectors were etched in 6M NaOH at 80 degrees C and counted under an optical microscope. Indoor radon activity concentrations in the houses surveyed ranged from 15 +/- 4 to 176 +/- 7 Bq m(-3) with an overall average value of 55 +/- 31 Bq m(-3). The observed annual average values are greater than the world average of 40 Bq m(-3). Maximum indoor radon concentration levels were observed in winter season whereas minimum levels were observed in summer season. None of the measured radon concentration value exceeded the action level of 200-400 Bq m(-3). The season/annual ratios for different type of dwellings varied from 0.87 +/- 0.93 to 1.14 +/- 1.10. The mean annual estimated effective dose received by the residents of the studied area was found to be 1.39 +/- 0.78 mSv. The annual estimated effective dose is less than the recommended action level (3-10 mSv). (+info)

Indoor air quality

Indoor air pollution in developing nations is a major health hazard. A major source of indoor air pollution in developing ... Radon is an invisible, radioactive atomic gas that results from the radioactive decay of radium, which may be found in rock ... When outdoor air is polluted, then bringing in more outdoor air can actually worsen the overall quality of the indoor air and ... Duflo E, Greenstone M, Hanna R (2008). "Indoor air pollution, health and economic well-being". S.A.P.I.EN.S. 1 (1). Ezzati M, ...

Environmental engineering science

This can include classes in water chemistry, sanitation, combustion, air pollution and radioactive waste management. Using ... water and air pollution, remediation and hazardous substance control, human exposure to pollutants, environmental biotechnology ... preparing environmental impact assessments or helping to mitigate air pollution from specific point sources. Meanwhile, the ...

Elim, Alaska

Serious water and air pollution risks, including radioactive byproducts, have been identified with "in-situ leeching", the type ... Villagers have raised concerns that radioactive by-products of uranium mining would adversely affect the plants, fish, and ...

Environment of Scotland

Its responsibilities include the water environment, air pollution, waste regulation, industrial pollution, radioactive ... Warm air from the Gulf Stream makes Scotland's climate much warmer than other areas on similar latitudes. For example, in ... but their exposure to changeable and very unpredictable weather influenced by the meeting of European and Atlantic air streams ... waste regulation authorities and the Industrial Pollution Inspectorate. ...

Ministry of Environment (Pakistan)

... usually tasked to handle the air pollution, radioactive waste management, promotion of civilian usage of environmental isotopes ... protection and prevention of pollution control, afforestation, and land degradation mitigatio. The MoE was also responsible for ... for the prevention and control of pollution, and promotion of sustainable development. Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency ...

List of atmospheric dispersion models

It is used for: forecasting of air quality, air pollution dispersion, and acid rain; tracking radioactive emissions and ... SAFE AIR II (Italy) - The simulation of air pollution from emissions II (SAFE AIR II) was developed at the Department of ... Pollution prevention ADMS 3 AERMOD CALPUFF DISPERSION21 PUFF-PLUME MERCURE NAME OSPM SAFE AIR RIMPUFF HAMS-GPS EIA modeling Air ... update:AUSPLUME V6 will no longer be the air pollution dispersion regulatory model in Victoria from 1 January 2014. From this ...

Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency

... "any air pollution agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, radioactive . . . ... "air pollution" as defined by the CAA. If carbon dioxide is not an air pollutant causing air pollution, then the EPA has no ... "any air pollution agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, radioactive . . . ... air pollution which may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health or welfare." The CAA defines "air pollutant" as " ...

Pure Earth

Water Indoor Air Pollution Industrial Mining Activities Groundwater Contamination Metals Smelting and Processing Radioactive ... Improving indoor air - Accra, Ghana Preventing mining pollution - Candelaria, Chile Lowering radioactivity - Chernobyl, Ukraine ... "Health and Pollution Fund". Retrieved 21 November 2013. "Global Alliance on Health and Pollution". Retrieved 21 November 2013. ... It is described as an "initiative of The Lancet, the Global Alliance on Health and Pollution (GAHP), and the Icahn School of ...

Atmospheric dispersion modeling

Air Pollution (1st ed.). Spon Press (UK). ISBN 0-415-25565-1. Cooper, J.R., Randle, K. and Sokh, R.G. (2003). Radioactive ... Briggs divided air pollution plumes into these four general categories: Cold jet plumes in calm ambient air conditions Cold jet ... air quality models, and air pollution dispersion models. Discussion of the layers in the Earth's atmosphere is needed to ... During the late 1960s, the Air Pollution Control Office of the U.S. EPA initiated research projects that would lead to the ...

John Shepherd (scientist)

Shepherd took a research position with the Central Electricity Generating Board to study atmospheric physics and air pollution ... Shepherd, J.G. (1978). "A simple model for the dispersion of radioactive wastes dumped on the deep-sea bed". Mar. Sci. Communic ... Shepherd, J.G. (1975). "A simplified expression for the contributions of radioactive daughters to the effective decay energies ... to undertake research into the marine disposal of radioactive waste. In 1976, his research within MAFF changed direction ...

Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling Liaison Committee

Accidental release source terms Bibliography of atmospheric dispersion modeling Air pollution dispersion terminology Air ... Although the ADMLC was initially formed to consider primarily radioactive releases from the nuclear industry, it has expanded ... Nor does it get involved with air pollution topics such as acid rain and ozone formation. In 1977, a meeting of representatives ... Quality Modeling Group Air Quality Modelling and Assessment Unit (AQMAU) Air Resources Laboratory AP 42 Compilation of Air ...

Federal Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety

... air pollution, health impacts, environment and traffic, hazardous locations and materials "N" directorate (Abteilung N): ... nuclear supply and radioactive waste "WR" directorate (Abteilung WR): water management, waste management, soil conservation and ... about environmental issues Environmental remediation and development in Eastern Germany Climate protection and energy Air ...

2008 Chelopechene explosions

There was visible air pollution in the area and residents said there was a strange smell in the air near the blast zone. 2008 ... "Large quantities of conventional ammunition are stored in the facility, but there are no toxic chemicals or radioactive ...

Waste management in Kazakhstan

Water pollution, clogging and depletion of water resources; Air pollution; Pollution of the marine environment; Violation of ... Pollution with radioactive isotopes of caesium and strontium exceeding the threshold was identified in Shagan and Aschisu ... These tests resulted in the formation of the "atomic lake" Balapan, plus radioactive gas emissions in the air, environmental ... air and surface water pollution, waste utilization, combating densification of soil exposed to erosion - are not sufficiently ...

Scottish Environment Protection Agency

... protects communities by regulating activities that can cause harmful pollution and by monitoring the quality of Scotland's air ... radioactive substances and the accumulation and disposal of radioactive wastes in Scotland, including functions under the ... Radioactive substances are used widely in industry, medicine and research in Scotland. Uses can range greatly from the ... The overall picture in Scotland is one of good air quality which has been getting better over the last 30 years or so, ...

Environmental impact of concrete

Italian company Italcementi designed a kind of cement that is supposed to fight air pollution. It should break down pollutants ... Natural radioactive elements (K, U, Th, and Rn) can be present in various concentration in concrete dwellings, depending on the ... Concrete dust released by building demolition and natural disasters can be a major source of dangerous air pollution. The ... Concrete dust was concluded to be the major source of dangerous air pollution following the Great Hanshin earthquake. The ...

Environmental medicine

Air and water pollution on the health of individuals. Mercury poisoning and exposure to humans though including fish and sea ... The effects of nuclear accidents or the effects of a terrorist dirty bomb attack and the resulting effects of radioactive ... By far the most important factor is fine particulate matter pollution in urban air. According with some opinions the fields of ... air pollution epidemiology is a highly active branch of environmental health and environmental medicine. In addition, any ...

Environmental issues in Tajikistan

... pockets of high air pollution caused by industry and motor vehicles, water pollution from agricultural runoff and disposal of ... A large Soviet-era uranium mining operation left poorly constructed repositories of radioactive waste in northwestern ... Air pollution is a particular problem during times of the year when atmospheric conditions hold industrial and vehicle ... In summer, dust and sand from the deserts of Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan cause air pollution across the entire southwestern ...

Ural Mountains

Extreme levels of air, water, and radiological contamination and pollution by industrial wastes resulted. Population exodus ... Its plants went into operation in 1948 and, for the first ten years, dumped unfiltered radioactive waste into the Techa River ... Dyatlov Pass incident East Ural Radioactive Trace Idel-Ural State Pangaea Research Range Ural Mountains in Nazi planning Ural ... The 1957 accident expelled 20 million curies of radioactive material, 90% of which settled into the land immediately around the ...

Technology and society

... and the added pollution of air, water, and land. The more subtle effects include debates over long-term effects (e.g., global ... radioactive waste, electronic waste. One of the main problems is the lack of an effective way to remove these pollutants on a ... While it is generally agreed that industry needs to be held responsible when pollution harms other people, there is ... they are able to focus on less-tangible goods such as clean air and water. The effects of technology on the environment are ...

Scrap

86% reduction in air pollution. 40% reduction in water use. 76% reduction in water pollution. 97% reduction in mining wastes. ... Metals that have been exposed to radioactive sources may also become radioactive in settings such as medical environments, ... Some types of metals are radioactive. These may be "naturally occurring" or may be formed as by-products of nuclear reactions. ... Recycled scrap helps keep air and water cleaner by removing potentially hazardous materials and keeping them out of landfills. ...

Marine pollution

The damaging of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant in 2011 caused radioactive toxins to leak into the air and ocean. ... Air pollution is also a contributing factor by carrying off pesticides or dirt into the ocean. Land and air pollution have ... Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source pollution. Point source pollution occurs when there is a single, ... Pollution such as this occurs particularly in developing nations. Nonpoint source pollution occurs when the pollution comes ...

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation

... has jurisdiction over air and noise pollution within the city, and responds to emergencies caused by releases or threatened ... In this capacity, it helped New York end disposal of radioactive waste at West Valley. The legislature also passed a bottle ... Office of Air Resources, Climate Change & Energy Division of Air Resources Oversees all air quality-related programs Climate ... air pollution control and resource recovery. Its renewal in 1986 made possible remediation of many hazardous waste sites. In ...

Air pollution

Radon is a colorless, odorless, naturally occurring, radioactive noble gas that is formed from the decay of radium. It is ... Human activity and natural processes can both generate air pollution. Indoor air pollution and poor urban air quality are ... Air pollution risk is a function of the hazard of the pollutant and the exposure to that pollutant. Air pollution exposure can ... Environment > Policies > Air >Air Quality Database: outdoor air pollution in cities from the World Health Organisation World ...

Surfactant protein A2

Silveyra P, Floros J (2012). "Air pollution and epigenetics: effects on SP-A and innate host defence in the lung". Swiss ... DiAngelo S, Lin Z, Wang G, Phillips S, Ramet M, Luo J, Floros J (December 1999). "Novel, non-radioactive, simple and multiplex ... Silveyra P, Floros J (2012). "Air pollution and epigenetics: effects on SP-A and innate host defence in the lung". Swiss ... Environmental insults such as air pollution, and exposure to high concentrations of ozone and particulate matter can affect SP- ...

Republic Services

The use of landfill gas provides the U.S. economy with benefits, including reducing air pollution through the capture and use ... In March 2016 the EPA released studies which showed the extent of the radioactive waste on the site, and allowed the company to ... Federal, state and local laws and regulations vary, but generally govern wastewater or storm water discharges, air emissions, ... It captures and controls emissions from the composting process using a negative air system has a smaller footprint than other ...

21st-century fossil fuel regulations in the United States

It is also considered the world's cleanest fossil fuel because it generates the least air pollution and releases the least ... These chemicals can be radioactive materials, methane, other gases, and carcinogenic chemicals. However, the industry has ... This means higher water contamination, air pollution, ecosystem harm, and more risk for earthquakes for those communities. ... study has found that people within half a mile from a gas well site were more likely to have health problems from air pollution ...

Respiratory System | Encyclopedia.com

Air pollution, radioactive minerals , and asbestos also cause lung cancer. The symptoms of the disease include a chronic cough ... Air pollution, radioactive minerals, and asbestos also cause lung cancer. The symptoms of the disease include a chronic cough ... Air pollution, radioactive minerals, and asbestos also cause lung cancer. The symptoms of the disease include a chronic cough ... air in the lungs moves forward to air sacs located in the anterior (front). When birds exhale, the air from the anterior air ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/anatomy-and-physiology/anatomy-and-physiology/respiratory-system

Ch 8 Study Guide Flashcards by princess Kelsey | Brainscape

Which indoor air pollution is a colorless radioactive gas that is colorless ... Is a dangerous wheather condition in which a layer of warm air traps smog close to earths surface ...

https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/ch-8-study-guide-2173931/packs/2449888

Paper Listing | Air Pollution XXV | WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment

CONSIDERATIONS ON REDUCTION OF INDOOR AIR POLLUTION FROM RADIOACTIVE EMISSIONS FROM BUILDING MATERIALS AND THE GROUND ... A REVIEW OF EVIDENCE ON THE COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF LOCAL AUTHORITY ACTIVITIES TO REDUCE EXPOSURE TO AIR POLLUTION FROM ROAD ... EFFECT OF DIFFERENT AIR FLOW RATES ON THE COLLECTION OF ATMOSPHERIC MOLD SPORES OF DIFFERENT SIZES BY A SLIT IMPACTOR ... PREDICTION OF CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION CONCENTRATIONS USING METEROLOGICAL VARIABLES. Author(s): IGNACIO J. ...

https://www.witpress.com/elibrary/wit-transactions-on-ecology-and-the-environment/211

Internet Archive Search: subject:'conservation'

This report contains discussions concerning environmental protection, water pollution, radioactive waste, air pollution, and ... Nationally, air traffic delays cost the.... Topics: DTIC Archive, FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON DC, *ENVIRONMENTS ... Included in this document are a general appraisal of present and future water supply and water pollution control needs, and the ... This document furnishes information on water supply and water pollution control needs in and adjacent to the Applachian region ...

http://archive.org/search.php?query=subject%3A%22conservation%22&and%5B%5D=creator%3A%22defense+technical+information+center%22&sort=-downloads

Air Quality Standards | Indoor Air Quality Association | IntechOpen

The book presents the outdoor and indoor air quality association. ,Intechopen ... Different countries have different air quality standards based on economic growth goal. ... air pollution chemistry; b) air pollutant emission control; c) radioactive pollution and d) indoor air quality. ... Chemistry, Emission Control, Radioactive Pollution and Indoor Air Quality. Edited by Nicolas Mazzeo, ISBN 978-953-307-316-3, ...

https://www.intechopen.com/books/chemistry-emission-control-radioactive-pollution-and-indoor-air-quality/

Environmental engineering science - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_engineering_science

4 facts of acid rain in germany by Miriam Tyson on Prezi

song that goes with the radioactive bombs ,the air pollution in uk can harm humn breathing .. ,many pepole dont live there ... air poullution in uk 3 facts of acid rain in germany. ,IN germeny acid rain can harm ground water .. ,acid rain can harm satus ... in chernobyl a radioactive bomb it and went of and the sperading of the bomb destroyed many bulding and other stuff after that ... cause of all the air pollution in uk .. ,many wild animals go caus not many pepol live there chernobyl. , ...

https://prezi.com/1b2e0stiosvd/4-facts-of-acid-rain-in-germany/

University of Illinois Center for Advanced BioEnergy Research: March 2010

If its not greenhouse gases, its air pollution or radioactive waste.. Even wind power, as green as it is, comes under attack ... U.S. Air Force. Posted 3/24/2010. EGLIN AIR FORCE BASE, Fla. (AFNS) -- An Air Force test pilot is scheduled to fly an A-10 ... Air Force jet flies on plant oil fuel blend GovernmentExec.com. By Katherine McIntire Peters [email protected] March 26, ... The Air Force has set a goal of certifying all its aircraft for RJ50 by 2012 and to be able to deploy biofuels systemwide by ...

http://bioenergyuiuc.blogspot.com/2010/03/

Lung Cancer - Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis - MedBroadcast.com

Living in an environment with high air pollution or working with radioactive minerals or asbestos can also increase the risk of ...

https://medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/lung-cancer

Related conditions - Lung Cancer - Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis - MedBroadcast.com

Living in an environment with high air pollution or working with radioactive minerals or asbestos can also increase the risk of ...

http://www.medbroadcast.com/channel/cancer/related-conditions/lung-cancer

Elim, Alaska - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elim,_Alaska

Environmental Chemistry and Physics - University of Birmingham

Atmospheric composition and air pollution, radioactive decay and the application of stable and unstable isotopes in dating ...

https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/schools/gees/courses/undergraduate/modules/environmental-science/environmental-chemistry-and-physics.aspx

Small cell lung cancer facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Small cell lung cancer

These include asbestos, coal products, and radioactive substances. Air pollution may also be a contributing factor. Exposure to ... These include asbestos, coal products, and radioactive substances. Air pollution may also be a contributing factor. Exposure to ... Bronchi- Hollow tubes that carry air into the lungs.. PCI- A type of radiotherapy that is used to prevent tumors from growing ... Hollow tubes that carry air into the lungs.. PCI. -A type of radiotherapy that is used to prevent tumors from growing in the ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/medicine/diseases-and-conditions/pathology/small-cell-lung-cancer

JOURNYS Issue 2.1 by JOURNYS - Issuu

Although fossil fuel use contributes to air pollution and global warming, radioactive wastes from nuclear plants can be just as ... Hybrid cars are cars that run on both electricity and gasoline, and help reduce air pollution and reliance on gasoline. ... Cooler air then moves to replace the hot air, generating wind. Wind then flows over wind turbines, turning them and generating ... Nuclear power plants can produce much electricity without augmenting air pollution. About sixteen percent of the worlds ...

https://issuu.com/journys7/docs/issue-2.1-journys

Air pollution - New World Encyclopedia

Radioactive contamination. Actinides in the environment • Environmental radioactivity • Fission product • Nuclear fallout • ... Air pollution. Acid rain • Air Pollution Index • Air Quality Index • Atmospheric dispersion modeling • Chlorofluorocarbon • ... There are various air pollution control technologies and urban planning strategies available to reduce air pollution. ... Air pollution causes deaths and respiratory disease.[2] Air pollution is often identified with major stationary sources, but ...

https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Air_pollution

UPSC Syllabus for IAS Preliminary & Mains- Chemistry exam 2019

1.10 Pollution and its control : Air pollution, types of air pollutants; control of air and water pollution; radioactive ...

https://www.successcds.net/examsyllabus/upsc-syllabus-for-ias-preliminary-mains-chemistry-exam-2009/10405/

Air pollution and how nuclear techniques help | IAEA

See the causes of air pollution and how to monitor air quality. ... The IAEA addresses air pollution and greenhouse gases through ... and radioactive gases and particles. The Agency uses isotopic and nuclear tools to monitor their pathways through the ... Air pollution is generally caused by industrial, agricultural and other anthropogenic (human) activities. The IAEA studies the ... Their variability (range of possible changes) in ground-level air is driven by the behaviour of these aerosols. Understanding ...

https://www.iaea.org/topics/air

Reduce Indoor Air Pollution

... plus indoor air pollution can be as dangerous, or more, than outdoor air pollution. ... plus indoor air pollution can be as dangerous, or more, than outdoor air pollution. ... Ninety-two percent of the world population breathes polluted air; a toxic environment is responsible for 1 of every 4 deaths ... Ninety-two percent of the world population breathes polluted air; a toxic environment is responsible for 1 of every 4 deaths ...

https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2018/01/31/reduce-indoor-air-pollution.aspx?utm_source=prnl&utm_medium=email&utm_content=art1&utm_campaign=20180131Z1_prnl_v2_31&et_cid=DM188075&et_rid=199343404

ICTA Petition for a Writ of Certiorari on EPA Global Warming Case - Wikisource, the free online library

any air pollution agent or combination of such agents, including any physical, chemical, biological, radioactive . .. substance ... Section 202 of the Clean Air Act, 42 U.S.C. § 7521, creates, in broad terms, a two-step process for regulating air pollution ... Before the 1977 Amendments to the Clean Air Act, section 202(a)(1) required the Administrator to regulate air pollution from ... Thus section 202 creates two very different steps in the process of setting standards for air pollution from motor vehicles. ...

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/ICTA_Petition_for_a_Writ_of_Certiorari_on_EPA_Global_Warming_Case

Under the Dome: One Chinese woman's documentary on her country's air pollution has been viewed over 20 million times |...

Chai Jings documentary on Chinas air pollution has been viewed over 20 million times in her home country, prompting rare ... Related: Air pollution levels in China reach 20 times the human health and safety limit ... Anti-pollution documentary goes viral in China, gaining over 155 million hits in one day. Share Pin Tweet ... Anti-pollution documentary goes viral in China, gaining over 155 million hits in one day Environment. ...

https://inhabitat.com/womans-anti-pollution-documentary-goes-viral-in-china-gaining-over-155-million-hits-in-one-day/

Experimental Research on Development Energy Efficiency of Non-Thermal Plasma Technology | IntechOpen

Chemistry, emission control, radioactive pollution and indoor air quality, Chapter 4. InTech Publisher, 2011. ... NTP is a new technology for environmental protection, especially in the field of air pollution control, and has been studied by ... The performance of an integrated air purifier for control of aerosol, microbial, and odor. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl. 29, 774-780, ... Firstly, eq.(5~8) indicate high-energy electrons take part in reaction with oxygen in air [22]. And at the same time, high- ...

https://www.intechopen.com/books/energy-efficiency-improvements-in-smart-grid-components/experimental-research-on-development-energy-efficiency-of-non-thermal-plasma-technology/

What's Causing Your Indoor Air Pollution?

Do you know what pollutants are threatening your indoor air quality? Learn about exposure to carbon monoxide, radon, pesticides ... Since this radioactive gas cant be seen, smelled, or tasted, it takes a special test to know if your home has a radon leak. ... What Is Indoor Air Pollution?. You cant see it, but sometimes you can smell it. Indoor air pollution can occur from a huge ... Is Your Air Purifier Polluting the Air?. They claim to help clean your air. But some air purifiers may be causing more harm ...

https://www.medicinenet.com/sources_of_indoor_air_pollution_pictures_slideshow/article.htm

Technology makes storing radioactive waste safer - Healthcanal.com : Healthcanal.com

Air pollution can increase asthma risk in adults, even at low levels ... "It is our view that just taking the radioactive material in the adsorbents isnt good enough. We should make it safe before ... By adding silver oxide nanocrystals to the outer surface, the nanostructures are able to capture and immobilise radioactive ... which trap the radioactive Cesium (Cs+) ions through a structural change. ...

https://www.healthcanal.com/environmental-health/22572-technology-makes-storing-radioactive-waste-safer.html

How Does Air Pollution Attack Your Heart?

Nearly 92 percent of the world is breathing polluted air that doesnt meet the WHO air quality standards, and is responsible ... Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is the result of the breakdown of uranium. According to the EPA and Surgeon ... Clean air ducts and regularly change air filters The air ducts from your forced air heating and air conditioning units can be a ... Indoor Air Pollution May Be Just as Dangerous. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), air pollution may ...

https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2017/05/10/amp/air-pollution-linked-to-heart-disease.aspx

Air Pollution Problems of the New Home

It is a naturally occurring radioactive gas detected only with special devices. ... Air Pollution Problems of the new home. Previously thought to be merely a nuisance, indoor air pollution today is viewed as a ... Naturally, air pollution can come from different sources. The last three medical conditions listed above, for example, come ... Medical complications linked to indoor air pollution include: allergies, high blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, asthma, ...

http://www.freedrinkingwater.com/general-health/air/new-home-air-pollution.php

air filtration, though, they warn, may not be relied upon for some toxic gases, like carbon monoxide and radon. (freedrinkingwater.com)

In urban areas like Los Angeles where transportation is the main cause of air pollution, nitrogen dioxide tints the air, blending with other contaminants and the atmospheric water vapor to produce brown smog . (questia.com)

This can include classes in water chemistry, sanitation, combustion, air pollution and radioactive waste management. (wikipedia.org)
Past research has demonstrated a link between cardiovascular disease and air pollution, 4 especially from combustion engines. (mercola.com)

Stratospheric ozone depletion due to air pollution has long been recognized as a threat to human health as well as to the Earth's ecosystems . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
A relatively recently discovered result of air pollution are seasonal "holes" in the ozone layer in the atmosphere above Antarctica and the Arctic, coupled with growing evidence of global ozone depletion. (questia.com)

Air pollution is defined as a phenomenon where the current atmosphere is populated by chemicals, particulates, and other materials that can do harm on humans and other organisms living in a certain area. (enotes.com)

Serious respiratory disease related problems have been identified with both indoor and outdoor pollution throughout the world. (intechopen.com)

In many countries with ambitious economic growth targets the acceptable levels of air pollution have been transgressed. (intechopen.com)
Even everyday levels of air pollution may insidiously affect health and behavior. (questia.com)

Tiny air-filled sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs between the lungs and the bloodstream. (encyclopedia.com)
Major components of outdoor air pollution include carbon monoxide, phytochemical oxidants, sulfur dioxide, mercury, nitrogen oxides and lead . (mercola.com)

Indeed, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has noted that indoor air pollution is one of the top public health risks you face on a daily basis. (mercola.com)

In the short term, exposure to high concentrations of indoor air pollution can cause eye irritation, headaches, nose and throat irritation, fatigue, and dizziness. (medicinenet.com)
The use of sentinel laboratory animals exposed in situ is a powerful experimental approach for assessing air pollution hazards because it combines the controlled elements of laboratory studies with direct exposure to ambient pollution levels ( 11 , 12 ). (pnas.org)
Here, we compare germline ESTR mutation rates in laboratory mice exposed to ambient air at an industrial site near integrated steel mills to those exposed at a rural reference location, with the objective of testing inhalation of industrial air pollution as a route of chemical mutagen exposure. (pnas.org)

Nitrogen oxides also react with oxygen in the air to form nitrogen dioxide, a foul-smelling brown gas. (questia.com)

The major sources of air pollution are transportation engines, power and heat generation, industrial processes, and the burning of solid waste . (questia.com)

Air pollution is the human introduction into the atmosphere of chemicals, particulate matter, or biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or other living organisms, or damages the environment. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Petroleum refineries are responsible for extensive hydrocarbon and particulate pollution. (questia.com)

Naturally, air pollution can come from different sources. (freedrinkingwater.com)
It is a naturally occurring radioactive gas detected only with special devices. (freedrinkingwater.com)

Another subject of investigation is the relation of air pollution to cancer , birth defects , and genetic mutations . (questia.com)

By adding silver oxide nanocrystals to the outer surface, the nanostructures are able to capture and immobilise radioactive iodine (I-) ions used in treatments for thyroid cancer, in probes and markers for medical diagnosis, as well as found in leaks of nuclear accidents. (healthcanal.com)

In cities, air may be severely polluted not only by transportation but also by the burning of fossil fuels (oil and coal) in generating stations, factories, office buildings, and homes and by the incineration of garbage. (questia.com)
In less developed regions, indoor air pollution from open fires burning wood and other fuels for heating and cooking can be a significant health hazard. (questia.com)

Villagers have raised concerns that radioactive by-products of uranium mining would adversely affect the plants, fish, and wildlife on which they rely. (wikipedia.org)

Both indoor and outdoor air are often dangerously polluted, although with different toxins. (mercola.com)

Scientists know that poor air quality contributes to serious damage to your heart, lungs and other organ systems, significantly shortening your life. (mercola.com)

Titled " Under the Dome ," the documentary captures the filmmaker's experience as a concerned parent living among the dense smog of Beijing, and investigates the sources of the devastating pollution. (inhabitat.com)

Previously thought to be merely a nuisance, indoor air pollution today is viewed as a major public health threat. (freedrinkingwater.com)

To address these issues experimentally, we exposed laboratory mice in situ to ambient air in a polluted industrial area near steel mills. (pnas.org)
Sections of shed walls (1.2 × 1.6 m) were replaced with hardware cloth (1.5 × 1.5-cm mesh), which allowed flow-through of ambient air. (pnas.org)

Therefore, the role of air pollution in producing germline mutations and the risk to humans living near steel mills could not be determined. (pnas.org)

Air pollution is generally caused by industrial, agricultural and other anthropogenic (human) activities. (iaea.org)

Air pollution may possibly harm populations in ways so subtle or slow that they have not yet been detected. (questia.com)

In the past, severe pollution in London during 1952 added with low winds and high-pressure air had taken more than four thousand lives and another seven hundred in 1962, in what was called the 'Dark Years' because of the dense dark polluted air. (everything2.com)

Anyone looking to purchase a home should seriously consider having the property checked for air quality problems. (freedrinkingwater.com)
The problems of air pollution are a major problem for highly developed nations whose large industrial bases and highly developed infrastructures generate much of the air pollution. (everything2.com)

Air pollution from cities also affects rural areas for many miles downwind. (questia.com)

Integrated steel production generates chemical pollution containing compounds that can induce genetic damage (1, 2). (pnas.org)

While many of us would consider air pollution to be an issue that the modern world has resolved to a greater extent, it still appears to have considerable influence on the global environment. (intechopen.com)

1 But, your body is dependent on the air you breathe to sustain health and life. (mercola.com)
We have always suspected that nanoparticles in the air that we breathe in could escape from the lungs and enter the body, but until now there was no proof. (mercola.com)

NTP is a new technology for environmental protection, especially in the field of air pollution control, and has been studied by many researchers for 20 years [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
Government officials felt that natural resources were abundant enough to afford waste, that the land could easily absorb any level of pollution, and that stringent control measures were an unjustifiable hindrance to economic advancement. (country-studies.com)
what are the measures taken to control air pollution? (enotes.com)

Interestingly, in some participants the nanoparticles were detectable in the urine three months after testing, suggesting to the researchers that nanoparticles from air pollution may have the potential to make a similar journey in your body. (mercola.com)