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Exposure to indoor background radiation and urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative DNA damage. (1/20)
We investigated whether exposure to indoor [gamma]-radiation and radon might be associated with enough free radical formation to increase urinary concentrations of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a sensitive marker of DNA damage, due to a hydroxyl radical attack at the C8 of guanine. Indoor radon and [gamma]-radiation levels were measured in 32 dwellings for 6 months by solid-state nuclear track detectors and thermoluminescent dosimeters, respectively. Urine samples for 8-OHdG determinations were obtained from 63 healthy adult subjects living in the measured dwellings. An overall tendency toward increasing levels of 8-OHdG with increasing levels of radon and [gamma]-radiation was seen in the females, presumably due to their estimated longer occupancy in the dwellings measured. Different models were considered for females, with the steepest slopes obtained for [gamma]-radiation with a coefficient of 0.500 (log nmol/l of 8-OHdG for each unit increase of [gamma]-radiation on a log scale) (p<0.01), and increasing to 0.632 (p = 0.035), but with larger variance, when radon was included in the model. In conclusion, there seems to be an effect of indoor radioactivity on the urinary excretion of 8-OHdG for females, who are estimated to have a higher occupancy in the dwellings measured than for males, for whom occupational and other agents may also influence 8-OHdG excretion. ree radicals; [gamma]-radiation; radon. (+info)Cancer risk around the nuclear power plants of Trillo and Zorita (Spain). (2/20)
AIM: To investigate the association between cancer risk and proximity of place of residence to the Guadalajara nuclear power plants: Trillo and Zorita. METHODS: Case-control study. Cases were patients admitted with cancer and controls were non-tumorous patients, both admitted to Guadalajara Hospital (period 1988-99). Exposure factor: place of residence (areas within 10, 20, and 30 km of each plant). Odds ratios (ORs) of those areas closest to the plants were calculated with respect to those furthest away; a linear trend analysis was also performed. RESULTS: In the extreme areas in the vicinity of Trillo, an OR of 1.71 was obtained (95% CI 1.15 to 2.53), increasing in magnitude in the subgroup of more radioinducible tumours and in the period considered as post-latency (1997-99). Risk increased linearly with proximity to the two plants, significantly in Trillo (p < 0.01) but not in Zorita (p = 0.19). CONCLUSIONS: There is an association between proximity of residence to Trillo and cancer risk, although the limitations of the study should be kept in mind when interpreting the possible causal relation. (+info)RADIATION PROTECTION IN CANADA. III. THE ROLE OF THE RADIATION PROTECTION DIVISION IN SAFEGUARDING THE HEALTH OF THE PUBLIC. (3/20)
The current status of radiation protection in Canada is discussed in the last of a three-part series. Particular emphasis has been placed on the role of the Radiation Protection Division of the Department of National Health and Welfare. A radioactive fallout study program has been established involving the systematic collection of air and precipitation samples from 24 locations, soil samples from 23 locations, fresh-milk samples from 16 locations, wheat samples from nine areas and human-bone specimens from various hospitals throughout Canada. A whole-body-counting facility and a special study of fallout in Northern areas have also been initiated. For any age group, the highest average strontium-90 concentration in human bone so far reported has been less than four picocuries per gram of calcium compared with the maximum permissible level of 67 derived from the International Committee on Radiation Protection (ICRP) recommendations. By the end of 1963 a general downward trend of levels of radioactivity detected in other parts of the program has been observed. Programs to assess the contribution to the radiation exposure of members of the population from medical x-rays, nuclear reactor operations and natural background-radiation sources have also been described. The annual genetically significant dose from diagnostic x-ray examinations in Canadian public hospitals has been estimated to be 25.8 mrem. Results from the reactor-environment monitoring programs have not suggested the presence of radioactivity beyond that contributed from fallout. (+info)Radon in homes and risk of lung cancer: collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 European case-control studies. (4/20)
OBJECTIVE: To determine the risk of lung cancer associated with exposure at home to the radioactive disintegration products of naturally occurring radon gas. DESIGN: Collaborative analysis of individual data from 13 case-control studies of residential radon and lung cancer. SETTING: Nine European countries. SUBJECTS: 7148 cases of lung cancer and 14,208 controls. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risks of lung cancer and radon gas concentrations in homes inhabited during the previous 5-34 years measured in becquerels (radon disintegrations per second) per cubic metre (Bq/m3) of household air. RESULTS: The mean measured radon concentration in homes of people in the control group was 97 Bq/m3, with 11% measuring > 200 and 4% measuring > 400 Bq/m3. For cases of lung cancer the mean concentration was 104 Bq/m3. The risk of lung cancer increased by 8.4% (95% confidence interval 3.0% to 15.8%) per 100 Bq/m3 increase in measured radon (P = 0.0007). This corresponds to an increase of 16% (5% to 31%) per 100 Bq/m3 increase in usual radon--that is, after correction for the dilution caused by random uncertainties in measuring radon concentrations. The dose-response relation seemed to be linear with no threshold and remained significant (P = 0.04) in analyses limited to individuals from homes with measured radon < 200 Bq/m3. The proportionate excess risk did not differ significantly with study, age, sex, or smoking. In the absence of other causes of death, the absolute risks of lung cancer by age 75 years at usual radon concentrations of 0, 100, and 400 Bq/m3 would be about 0.4%, 0.5%, and 0.7%, respectively, for lifelong non-smokers, and about 25 times greater (10%, 12%, and 16%) for cigarette smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, though not separately, these studies show appreciable hazards from residential radon, particularly for smokers and recent ex-smokers, and indicate that it is responsible for about 2% of all deaths from cancer in Europe. (+info)Archeo-cell biology: carbon dating is not just for pots and dinosaurs. (5/20)
Defining the life span of specific human cell populations is limited by our inability to mark the exact time when cells are born in a way that can be detected over many years. In this issue of Cell, Spalding et al. (2005) describe a clever strategy for retrospectively birth dating human cells in vivo, based on their incorporation of 14C during a peak in atmospheric levels of this isotope resulting from above-ground nuclear arms testing in the 1950s. (+info)Indoor radon and lung cancer. Estimating the risks. (6/20)
Radon is ubiquitous in indoor environments. Epidemiologic studies of underground miners with exposure to radon and experimental evidence have established that radon causes lung cancer. The finding that this naturally occurring carcinogen is present in the air of homes and other buildings has raised concern about the lung cancer risk to the general population from radon. I review current approaches for assessing the risk of indoor radon, emphasizing the extrapolation of the risks for miners to the general population. Although uncertainties are inherent in this risk assessment, the present evidence warrants identifying homes that have unacceptably high concentrations. (+info)Indoor-atmospheric radon-related radioactivity affected by a change of ventilation strategy. (7/20)
The present author has kept observation for concentrations of atmospheric radon, radon progeny and thoron progeny for several years at the campus of Fukushima Medical University. Accidentally, in the midst of an observation term, i.e., February 2005, the facility management group of the university changed a strategy for the manner of ventilation, probably because of a recession: (I) tidy everyday ventilation of 7:30-24:00 into (II) shortened weekday ventilation of 8: 00-21 : 00 with weekend halts. This change of ventilation manner brought a clear alteration for the concentrations of radon-related natural radioactivity in indoor air. The present paper concerns an investigation of the effect of the ventilation strategy on the indoor-atmospheric radon-related radioactivity. (+info)Indoor radon concentrations and assessment of doses in four districts of the Punjab Province - Pakistan. (8/20)
Seasonal indoor radon measurement studies have been carried out in four districts, namely, Jhelum, Chakwal, Rawalpindi and Attock of the Punjab Province. In this regard, CR-39 based detectors were installed in bedrooms, drawing rooms and kitchens of 40 randomly selected houses in each district. After exposing to radon in each season, CR-39 detectors were etched in 6M NaOH at 80 degrees C and counted under an optical microscope. Indoor radon activity concentrations in the houses surveyed ranged from 15 +/- 4 to 176 +/- 7 Bq m(-3) with an overall average value of 55 +/- 31 Bq m(-3). The observed annual average values are greater than the world average of 40 Bq m(-3). Maximum indoor radon concentration levels were observed in winter season whereas minimum levels were observed in summer season. None of the measured radon concentration value exceeded the action level of 200-400 Bq m(-3). The season/annual ratios for different type of dwellings varied from 0.87 +/- 0.93 to 1.14 +/- 1.10. The mean annual estimated effective dose received by the residents of the studied area was found to be 1.39 +/- 0.78 mSv. The annual estimated effective dose is less than the recommended action level (3-10 mSv). (+info)Some common examples of respiratory tract diseases include:
1. Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
2. Bronchitis: Inflammation of the airways (bronchi) that can cause coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
3. Asthma: A chronic condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
4. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A progressive condition that makes it difficult to breathe due to damage to the lungs over time.
5. Tuberculosis: An infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs.
6. Laryngitis: Inflammation of the voice box (larynx) that can cause hoarseness and difficulty speaking.
7. Tracheitis: Inflammation of the trachea, or windpipe, that can cause coughing, fever, and difficulty breathing.
8. Croup: An infection of the throat and lungs that can cause a barky cough and difficulty breathing.
9. Pleurisy: Inflammation of the lining around the lungs (pleura) that can cause chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.
10. Pertussis (whooping cough): An infectious disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis that can cause coughing fits and difficulty breathing.
These are just a few examples of the many different types of respiratory tract diseases that exist. Each one has its own unique symptoms, causes, and treatment options.
Some common examples of respiration disorders include:
1. Asthma: A chronic condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A progressive lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe, caused by exposure to pollutants such as cigarette smoke.
3. Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can cause fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
4. Bronchitis: Inflammation of the airways that can cause coughing and difficulty breathing.
5. Emphysema: A condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, making it difficult to breathe.
6. Sleep apnea: A sleep disorder that causes a person to stop breathing for short periods during sleep, leading to fatigue and other symptoms.
7. Cystic fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the respiratory system and digestive system, causing thick mucus buildup and difficulty breathing.
8. Pulmonary fibrosis: A condition where the lungs become scarred and stiff, making it difficult to breathe.
9. Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs and can cause coughing, fever, and difficulty breathing.
10. Lung cancer: A type of cancer that originates in the lungs and can cause symptoms such as coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.
These are just a few examples of respiration disorders, and there are many other conditions that can affect the respiratory system and cause breathing difficulties. If you are experiencing any symptoms of respiration disorders, it is important to seek medical attention to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Some common types of environmental illness include:
1. Asthma and other respiratory allergies: These conditions are caused by exposure to airborne pollutants such as dust, pollen, and smoke.
2. Chemical sensitivity: This condition is caused by exposure to chemicals in the environment, such as pesticides, solvents, and cleaning products.
3. Allergic contact dermatitis: This condition is caused by skin contact with allergens such as latex, metals, and certain plants.
4. Mold-related illnesses: Exposure to mold can cause a range of symptoms, including respiratory problems, skin irritation, and headaches.
5. Radon exposure: Radon is a radioactive gas that can accumulate in homes and buildings, particularly in basements and crawl spaces. Prolonged exposure to radon can increase the risk of lung cancer.
6. Carbon monoxide poisoning: This condition is caused by exposure to carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless gas that can build up in enclosed spaces with faulty heating or cooking appliances.
7. Lead poisoning: Exposure to lead, particularly in children, can cause a range of health problems, including developmental delays, learning disabilities, and behavioral issues.
8. Mercury poisoning: Exposure to mercury, particularly through fish consumption, can cause neurological symptoms such as tremors, memory loss, and cognitive impairment.
9. Pesticide exposure: Exposure to pesticides, particularly organophosphates, can cause a range of health problems, including respiratory issues, skin irritation, and neurological symptoms.
10. Particulate matter exposure: Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from air pollution can increase the risk of respiratory problems, cardiovascular disease, and cancer.
These are just a few examples of environmental health hazards that may be present in your home or building. It's important to be aware of these potential risks and take steps to mitigate them to ensure the health and safety of occupants.
Asthma can cause recurring episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. These symptoms occur when the muscles surrounding the airways contract, causing the airways to narrow and swell. This can be triggered by exposure to environmental allergens or irritants such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or respiratory infections.
There is no cure for asthma, but it can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes. Treatment typically includes inhaled corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, bronchodilators to open up the airways, and rescue medications to relieve symptoms during an asthma attack.
Asthma is a common condition that affects people of all ages, but it is most commonly diagnosed in children. According to the American Lung Association, more than 25 million Americans have asthma, and it is the third leading cause of hospitalization for children under the age of 18.
While there is no cure for asthma, early diagnosis and proper treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for those affected by the condition.
A blockage caused by air bubbles in the bloodstream, which can occur after a sudden change in atmospheric pressure (e.g., during an airplane flight or scuba diving). Air embolism can cause a variety of symptoms, including shortness of breath, chest pain, and stroke. It is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention.
Note: Air embolism can also occur in the venous system, causing a pulmonary embolism (blockage of an artery in the lungs). This is a more common condition and is discussed separately.
Some common types of lung diseases include:
1. Asthma: A chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A progressive condition that causes chronic inflammation and damage to the airways and lungs, making it difficult to breathe.
3. Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to fever, chills, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
4. Bronchiectasis: A condition where the airways are damaged and widened, leading to chronic infections and inflammation.
5. Pulmonary Fibrosis: A condition where the lungs become scarred and stiff, making it difficult to breathe.
6. Lung Cancer: A malignant tumor that develops in the lungs, often caused by smoking or exposure to carcinogens.
7. Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the respiratory and digestive systems, leading to chronic infections and inflammation in the lungs.
8. Tuberculosis (TB): An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body.
9. Pulmonary Embolism: A blockage in one of the arteries in the lungs, often caused by a blood clot that has traveled from another part of the body.
10. Sarcoidosis: An inflammatory disease that affects various organs in the body, including the lungs, leading to the formation of granulomas and scarring.
These are just a few examples of conditions that can affect the lungs and respiratory system. It's important to note that many of these conditions can be treated with medication, therapy, or surgery, but early detection is key to successful treatment outcomes.
1. Coronary artery disease: The narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart.
2. Heart failure: A condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
3. Arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms that can be too fast, too slow, or irregular.
4. Heart valve disease: Problems with the heart valves that control blood flow through the heart.
5. Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy): Disease of the heart muscle that can lead to heart failure.
6. Congenital heart disease: Defects in the heart's structure and function that are present at birth.
7. Peripheral artery disease: The narrowing or blockage of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the arms, legs, and other organs.
8. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg.
9. Pulmonary embolism: A blockage in one of the arteries in the lungs, which can be caused by a blood clot or other debris.
10. Stroke: A condition in which there is a lack of oxygen to the brain due to a blockage or rupture of blood vessels.
Clinical Significance:
Respiratory sounds can help healthcare providers diagnose and manage respiratory conditions, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumonia. By listening to the sounds of a patient's breathing, healthcare providers can identify abnormalities in lung function, airway obstruction, or inflammation.
Types of Respiratory Sounds:
1. Vesicular Sounds:
a. Inspiratory wheeze: A high-pitched whistling sound heard during inspiration, usually indicative of bronchial asthma or COPD.
b. Expiratory wheeze: A low-pitched whistling sound heard during expiration, typically seen in patients with chronic bronchitis or emphysema.
c. Decreased vocal fremitus: A decrease in the normal vibratory sounds heard over the lung fields during breathing, which can indicate fluid or consolidation in the lungs.
2. Adventitious Sounds:
a. Crackles (rales): High-pitched, bubbly sounds heard during inspiration and expiration, indicating fluid or air in the alveoli.
b. Rhonchi: Low-pitched, harsh sounds heard during inspiration and expiration, often indicative of bronchitis, pneumonia, or COPD.
c. Stridors: High-pitched, squeaky sounds heard during breathing, commonly seen in patients with inflammatory conditions such as pneumonia or tuberculosis.
It's important to note that the interpretation of lung sounds requires a thorough understanding of respiratory physiology and pathophysiology, as well as clinical experience and expertise. A healthcare professional, such as a nurse or respiratory therapist, should always be consulted for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.
Otitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial or viral infections, allergies, and exposure to loud noises. Symptoms may include ear pain, fever, difficulty hearing, and discharge or fluid buildup in the ear canal.
There are several types of otitis, including:
1. Otitis externa: Inflammation of the outer ear canal, often caused by bacterial or fungal infections.
2. Otitis media: Inflammation of the middle ear, often caused by bacterial or viral infections.
3. Suppurative otitis media: A severe form of otitis media that is characterized by the formation of pus in the middle ear.
4. Tubotympanic otitis media: Inflammation of the middle ear and mastoid bone, often caused by bacterial or viral infections.
5. Otitis media with effusion: A condition in which fluid accumulates in the middle ear without signs of infection.
Treatment for otitis depends on the type and severity of the inflammation or infection, but may include antibiotics, ear drops, or other medications to relieve symptoms. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to drain fluid or remove infected tissue.
Acute bronchitis is a short-term infection that is usually caused by a virus or bacteria, and can be treated with antibiotics and supportive care such as rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers. Chronic bronchitis, on the other hand, is a long-term condition that is often associated with smoking and can lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Bronchitis can cause a range of symptoms including:
* Persistent cough, which may be dry or produce mucus
* Chest tightness or discomfort
* Shortness of breath or wheezing
* Fatigue and fever
* Headache and body aches
The diagnosis of bronchitis is usually made based on a physical examination, medical history, and results of diagnostic tests such as chest X-rays and pulmonary function tests. Treatment for bronchitis typically focuses on relieving symptoms and managing the underlying cause, such as a bacterial infection or smoking cessation.
Bronchitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
* Viral infections, such as the common cold or flu
* Bacterial infections, such as pneumonia
* Smoking and exposure to environmental pollutants
* Asthma and other allergic conditions
* Chronic lung diseases, such as COPD
Preventive measures for bronchitis include:
* Quitting smoking and avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke
* Getting vaccinated against flu and pneumonia
* Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently
* Avoiding exposure to environmental pollutants
* Managing underlying conditions such as asthma and allergies.
Premature birth can be classified into several categories based on gestational age at birth:
1. Extreme prematurity: Born before 24 weeks of gestation.
2. Very preterm: Born between 24-27 weeks of gestation.
3. Moderate to severe preterm: Born between 28-32 weeks of gestation.
4. Late preterm: Born between 34-36 weeks of gestation.
The causes of premature birth are not fully understood, but several factors have been identified as increasing the risk of premature birth. These include:
1. Previous premature birth
2. Multiple gestations (twins, triplets etc.)
3. History of cervical surgery or cervical incompetence
4. Chronic medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes
5. Infections such as group B strep or urinary tract infections
6. Pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia and placenta previa
7. Stress and poor social support
8. Smoking, alcohol and drug use during pregnancy
9. Poor nutrition and lack of prenatal care.
Premature birth can have significant short-term and long-term health consequences for the baby, including respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity and necrotizing enterocolitis. Children who are born prematurely may also have developmental delays, learning disabilities and behavioral problems later in life.
There is no single test that can predict premature birth with certainty, but several screening tests are available to identify women at risk. These include ultrasound examination, maternal serum screening for estriol and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), and cervical length measurement.
While there is no proven way to prevent premature birth entirely, several strategies have been shown to reduce the risk, including:
1. Progesterone supplementation: Progesterone appears to help prevent preterm labor in some women with a history of previous preterm birth or other risk factors.
2. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids given to mothers at risk of preterm birth can help mature the baby's lungs and reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome.
3. Calcium supplementation: Calcium may help improve fetal bone development and reduce the risk of premature birth.
4. Good prenatal care: Regular prenatal check-ups, proper nutrition and avoiding smoking, alcohol and drug use during pregnancy can help reduce the risk of premature birth.
5. Avoiding stress: Stress can increase the risk of premature birth, so finding ways to manage stress during pregnancy is important.
6. Preventing infections: Infections such as group B strep and urinary tract infections can increase the risk of premature birth, so it's important to take steps to prevent them.
7. Maintaining a healthy weight gain during pregnancy: Excessive weight gain during pregnancy can increase the risk of premature birth.
8. Avoiding preterm contractions: Preterm contractions can be a sign of impending preterm labor, so it's important to be aware of them and seek medical attention if they occur.
9. Prolonged gestation: Prolonging pregnancy beyond 37 weeks may reduce the risk of premature birth.
10. Cervical cerclage: A cervical cerclage is a stitch used to close the cervix and prevent preterm birth in women with a short cervix or other risk factors.
It's important to note that not all of these strategies will be appropriate or effective for every woman, so it's important to discuss your individual risk factors and any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider.
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Pollutants11
- Incidence of respiratory symptoms and chronic disease in a non-smoking population as a function of long-term cumulative exposure to ambient air pollutants (Adventist health study of smog follow-up study). (cdc.gov)
- 1971. Fate of air pollutants: Removal of ethylene, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide by soil. (cdc.gov)
- 1997. Lung function and long term exposure to air pollutants in Switzerland. (cdc.gov)
- 1997. A longitudinal study of ambient air pollutants and the lung peak expiratory flow rates among asthmatic children in Hungary. (cdc.gov)
- 1989. Health effects of air pollutants: Sulfuric acid, the old and the new. (cdc.gov)
- Concerns about potential public health problems due to indoor air pollution are based on evidence that urban residents typically spend more than 90 percent of their time indoors, concentrations of some contaminants are higher indoors than outdoors, and for some pollutants personal exposures are not characterized adequately by outdoor measurements. (nih.gov)
- Others acknowledged they would produce hazardous air pollutants or toxic metals. (publicintegrity.org)
- In addition, people exposed to indoor air pollutants for the longest periods are often those most susceptible to their effects. (cdc.gov)
- Air pollutant levels in the home increase if not enough outdoor air is brought in to dilute emissions from indoor sources and to carry indoor air pollutants out of the home. (cdc.gov)
- Some biologic pollutants, such as measles, chickenpox, and influenza are transmitted through the air. (cdc.gov)
- Some of the known triggers of intrinsic asthma are infections, such as cold and flu viruses, exercise and cold air, industrial and occupational pollutants, food additives and preservatives, drugs such as aspirin, and emotional stress. (cdc.gov)
Contamination3
- Contamination of air with radioactive substances. (nih.gov)
- See short video describing a project on the radioactive contamination of honey in the eastern U.S. (wm.edu)
- Smoking, these studies suggested, and not air pollution, asbestos contamination, or radioactive materials, was the chief cause of the epidemic rise of lung cancer in the twentieth century. (nih.gov)
Asbestos2
- Air pollution, radioactive minerals , and asbestos also cause lung cancer. (jrank.org)
- Other factors, like asbestos exposure, air pollution, genetic abnormalities and pre-existing lung diseases, also play an important role in the occurrence of lung cancer ( 4 , 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Isotopes2
- 28 Construction and use of a variable-interval coincidence counter for study of short-lived isotopes in a radioactive decay. (amasci.com)
- Particulate matter can be a vector for radioactive isotopes, most of which arise from naturally occurring radon gas, which has been linked to a higher risk of both breast and lung cancer. (nih.gov)
Emissions3
- Results of this analysis suggest that emissions do not cause on-base or off-base air pollution to reach unhealthy levels. (cdc.gov)
- Why a new air permit at the Clairton Coke Works could increase pollution emissions. (alleghenyfront.org)
- Fukushima's forgotten radionuclides: a review of the understudied radioactive emissions. (cdc.gov)
Particles2
- 95 Variation in range of alpha -particles in air at low pressure. (amasci.com)
- Airborne radioactive particles may contribute to the development of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, according to NIEHS researchers and their collaborators. (nih.gov)
Ionizing radiation1
- 1) Radioactive pollution: ionizing radiation in the environment from nuclear weapons detonations and the nuclear fuel cycle. (wm.edu)
Fallout2
- A broader concept of energy security is needed to adequately consider the full costs and benefits of potential energy policies designed to cope with not only fuel sufficiency and price, but also complex challenges ranging from climate change, to local energy-related pollution, to the social, political, and radiological fallout of the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident in 2011, to cite just a few examples. (nautilus.org)
- Dangerous radiations emitted by radioactive fallout from reactors and nuclear weapons testing cause air pollution. (vedantu.com)
Uranium2
- She is also looking at coal in the Arctic, diesel air pollution in urban West Africa, and uranium in South Africa. (stanford.edu)
- Uranium, a naturally occurring radioactive substance, was heavily mined in the latter half of the 20th century in the Four Corners region of the Western United States. (nih.gov)
Exposure to ambient1
- Higher estimated residential exposure to ambient radioactive particulate matter was associated with an elevated risk of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer, which has fewer treatment options. (nih.gov)
Airborne1
- The respiratory system is open to airborne microbes and to outside pollution . (jrank.org)
Radionuclides1
- Routine surveillance for radionuclides in air and water. (who.int)
Decay6
- During the decay process, a radioactive element emits either an alpha or beta particle, which are sometimes accompanied by a gamma ray. (nih.gov)
- These radioactive daughter elements also undergo decay, until, ultimately, a stable element is formed. (nih.gov)
- This chain of decay is called a radioactive decay series. (nih.gov)
- The length of time it takes for each element to decay depends on the type, as well as on the amount of the radioactive element present. (nih.gov)
- The half-life of a radioactive material is the length of time it takes for half of that material to decay. (nih.gov)
- That is, there are three forms of energy that are emitted by radioactive elements as they decay. (nih.gov)
Anthropocene1
- Her current scholarship explores radioactive residues, mine waste, air pollution, and the Anthropocene in Africa. (stanford.edu)
Hazardous1
- Indoor air pollution and exposure to hazardous substances in the home are risks we can do something about. (cdc.gov)
Disposal2
- The WHO Regional Office for Europe, in collaboration with the Government of Belgium, convened a Working Group on Health Implications of High-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal in June 1980. (who.int)
- Energy Fuels' White Mesa facility is also a disposal site for radioactive waste, some of which has been imported from overseas. (usf.edu)
Indoor10
- Efforts to assess health risks associated with indoor air pollution are limited by insufficient information about the number of people exposed, the pattern and severity of exposures, and the health consequences of exposures. (nih.gov)
- Indoor air pollution. (nih.gov)
- Health effects and sources of indoor air pollution. (nih.gov)
- Following the advice given will not necessarily provide complete protection in all situations or against all health hazards that may be caused by indoor air pollution. (cpsc.gov)
- Indoor air pollution poses many challenges to the health professional. (cpsc.gov)
- This booklet addresses the indoor air pollution problems that may be caused by contaminants encountered in the daily lives of persons in their homes and offices. (cpsc.gov)
- Because a few prominent aspects of indoor air pollution, notably environmental tobacco smoke and "sick building syndrome," have been brought to public attention, individuals may volunteer suggestions of a connection between respiratory or other symptoms and conditions in the home or, especially, the workplace. (cpsc.gov)
- The health professional should use this booklet as a tool in diagnosing an individual's signs and symptoms that could be related to an indoor air pollution problem. (cpsc.gov)
- Thus, for many people, the risks to health from exposure to indoor air pollution may be greater than risks from outdoor pollution. (cdc.gov)
- Numerous forms of indoor air pollution are possible in the modern home. (cdc.gov)
SOIL1
- SESE focuses on ecological renewal and pollution control be it in water, soil, or air. (iitkgp.ac.in)
Small fraction2
- Deer retain a very small fraction of radioactive materials that they might eat, and the amount that is retained in the deer's body accumulates in body parts that are not commonly eaten. (cdc.gov)
- The remaining unfrozen freshwater is found mainly as ground water , with only a small fraction present above ground or in the air. (slideshare.net)
Waste4
- Treatment of off-gas from radioactive waste incinerators. (who.int)
- State regulators agree and have loosened rules, allowing Energy Fuels to store increasingly radioactive waste onsite, including waste imported from overseas. (usf.edu)
- For example, radioactive waste is stored in specially-designed ponds called tailing cells. (usf.edu)
- One question is what should be done with the radioactive waste. (alleghenyfront.org)
LEGISLATION1
- The main legislation that deals with pollution in NSW is the Protection of the Environment Operations Act 1997 , called the POEO Act. (nsw.gov.au)
Nuclear1
- The population of Chernobyl, Russia, were more affected by nuclear pollution. (vedantu.com)
Materials2
Radon3
- Some radioactive elements, like Lead 214, have a half-life of seconds, some like Radon 222 have a half-life of days. (nih.gov)
- Radon is also found in well water, natural gas, and ambient air. (nih.gov)
- Radon gas is regarded as the second most common cause of lung cancer, which is generated by the breakdown of radioactive radium ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Water6
- The water in the tailing cells serves as a barrier that prevents radiation from escaping into the air. (usf.edu)
- But in one 40-acre cell, radioactive material has been left above water for the last two years. (usf.edu)
- The higher the DO value, the lower is the pollution of water and vice versa. (vedantu.com)
- For example- Air, Water , Sunlight etc. (slideshare.net)
- The Environmental Protection Act (EPA) was established in late 1970 and followed not long after by a slate of important environmental laws, like the National Environmental Policy Act, the Clean Water and Clean Air acts. (ehn.org)
- The mill poured uncontrolled water pollution into the Columbia River. (ehn.org)
Mill2
- Balascio NL, Kaste JM , *Meyer MG, *Renshaw M, *Smith K, and Chambers RM (2019) A high-resolution mill pond record from eastern Virginia (USA) reveals the impact of past landscape changes and regional pollution history. (wm.edu)
- HAYES: When I grew up, in a [Washington state] paper-mill community, there was no form of pollution control on the smokestacks. (ehn.org)
Risks1
- Some environmental advocates told the Center the goals of creating a clean energy economy and more jobs don't outweigh the risks of giving money to and foregoing supervision of repeat violators of anti-pollution laws. (publicintegrity.org)
Health6
- This document presents answers to 24 questions relevant to reviewing European policies on air pollution and to addressing health aspects of these policies. (who.int)
- The experts reviewed and discussed the newly accumulated scientific evidence on the adverse effects on health of air pollution, formulating science-based answers to the 24 questions. (who.int)
- The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), a public health agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, is issuing for review and public comment a public health assessment (PHA) for the 7,400-acre U.S. Naval Air Engineering Station at Lakehurst (NAES Lakehurst) in central New Jersey. (cdc.gov)
- Ways to obtain information from the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection to reduce exposures to regional air pollution are identified by ATSDR in the public health assessment. (cdc.gov)
- In 1948, the PHS began studying the health effects of air pollution after 20 citizens died and many became ill from smog in Donora, Pennsylvania. (nih.gov)
- Rising research on pollution inspired the PHS to establish new environmental health research, regulation, and community engagement programs. (nih.gov)
Environmental2
- General environmental protection notices such as prevention notices, clean up notices, prohibition notices and compliance cost notices can be issued as well as specific notices for particular types of pollution (POEO Act, Chapter 4, Environment Protection Notices). (nsw.gov.au)
- In connection with the offences, the court can also order an offender take action to prevent, control, abate or mitigate the harm caused by the pollution and to make good any environmental damage that has resulted (POEO Act, Part 8.3 Court Orders in Connection with Offences). (nsw.gov.au)
Lung2
Chronic1
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, in which the air passages of the lungs become narrower and obstructed. (jrank.org)
Chapter1
- The licence can contain specific and detailed conditions to monitor, control or prevent pollution and if the licence-holder breaches a condition, there are hefty fines and the licence may be suspended or revoked (POEO Act, Chapter 3, Environment Protection Licences). (nsw.gov.au)
Control3
- Journal of the Air Pollution Control Association 19:638-644. (cdc.gov)
- Although official efforts to control air pollution have traditionally focused on outdoor air, it is now apparent that elevated contaminant concentrations are common inside some private and public buildings. (nih.gov)
- By 1955, Congress passed Public Law 159 giving the PHS funding to establish dedicated programs for the study and control of air pollution. (nih.gov)
Types1
- Most types of pollution, whether industrial or domestic, can be experienced in a neighbourhood setting. (nsw.gov.au)
Environment3
- Administered by the Environment Protection Authority (EPA), the Act and its associated regulations create various offences and provide a range of remedies, depending on the type of pollution and the type of activity that is causing it. (nsw.gov.au)
- To make a complaint about pollution from a licensed activity, contact the Environment Line on 131 555, or check the website for an extensive list of appropriate agencies. (nsw.gov.au)
- Many government and government-funded pamphlets on pollution encouraged citizens to help create a healthier environment. (nih.gov)
Report1
- There is also a duty under section 148 of the Act for polluters to report a pollution incident to the appropriate authority. (nsw.gov.au)
Urban1
- My aim is to understand how processes at the earth's surface are affected or disrupted by anthropogenic activities (groundwater withdrawal, acid and metal pollution, urban development) and global change. (wm.edu)
Data1
- ATSDR used a computer modeling analysis to evaluate the data for air quality. (cdc.gov)
Sources1
- Whether the pollution is from domestic or industrial sources, the POEO Act and its regulations give police, local councils, the EPA and other regulatory authorities the power to issue various directions and notices as well as the power to institute court proceedings for offences. (nsw.gov.au)
Outdoor air1
- In the last several years, a growing body of scientific evidence has indicated that the air within homes and other buildings can be more seriously polluted than the outdoor air in even the largest and most industrialized cities. (cdc.gov)
Site1
- Callers should refer to the Naval Air Engineering Station Lakehurst site in New Jersey. (cdc.gov)
Plant1
- Duke paid $93 million to settle an air pollution case against the plant last year. (publicintegrity.org)