Air pollution. Medical search

The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. The substances may include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; or volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.

Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.

Particles of any solid substance, generally under 30 microns in size, often noted as PM30. There is special concern with PM1 which can get down to PULMONARY ALVEOLI and induce MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION and PHAGOCYTOSIS leading to FOREIGN BODY REACTION and LUNG DISEASES.

Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.

A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.

The contamination of indoor air.

Gases, fumes, vapors, and odors escaping from the cylinders of a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

The mixture of gases present in the earth's atmosphere consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.

Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)

Collection, analysis, and interpretation of data about the frequency, distribution, and consequences of disease or health conditions, for use in the planning, implementing, and evaluating public health programs.

Relating to the size of solids.

Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.

A large or important municipality of a country, usually a major metropolitan center.

The status of health in urban populations.

Compounds that accept electrons in an oxidation-reduction reaction. The reaction is induced by or accelerated by exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of visible or ultraviolet light.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them.

Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Inorganic oxides that contain nitrogen.

The state of the ATMOSPHERE over minutes to months.

Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.

AUTOMOBILES, trucks, buses, or similar engine-driven conveyances. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A mixture of smoke and fog polluting the atmosphere. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The motion of air currents.

All deaths reported in a given population.

The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.

A dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, composed mainly of amorphous CARBON and some HYDROCARBONS, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smoke. It is the product of incomplete combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in low oxygen conditions. It is sometimes called lampblack or carbon black and is used in INK, in rubber tires, and to prepare CARBON NANOTUBES.

The art or practice of preparing food. It includes the preparation of special foods for diets in various diseases.

A polysymptomatic condition believed by clinical ecologists to result from immune dysregulation induced by common foods, allergens, and chemicals, resulting in various physical and mental disorders. The medical community has remained largely skeptical of the existence of this "disease", given the plethora of symptoms attributed to environmental illness, the lack of reproducible laboratory abnormalities, and the use of unproven therapies to treat the condition. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

The application of heat to raise the temperature of the environment, ambient or local, or the systems for accomplishing this effect. It is distinguished from HEAT, the physical property and principle of physics.

Any combustible hydrocarbon deposit formed from the remains of prehistoric organisms. Examples are petroleum, coal, and natural gas.

A natural fuel formed by partial decomposition of vegetable matter under certain environmental conditions.

A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).

Exposure of the female parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring. It includes pre-conception maternal exposure.

Created 1 January 1993 as a result of the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.

Acidic water usually pH 2.5 to 4.5, which poisons the ecosystem and adversely affects plants, fishes, and mammals. It is caused by industrial pollutants, mainly sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted into the atmosphere and returning to earth in the form of acidic rain water.

Materials or phenomena which can provide energy directly or via conversion.

Contamination of the air by tobacco smoke.

A distribution function used to describe the occurrence of rare events or to describe the sampling distribution of isolated counts in a continuum of time or space.

The atmospheric properties, characteristics and other atmospheric phenomena especially pertaining to WEATHER or CLIMATE.

Studies designed to examine associations, commonly, hypothesized causal relations. They are usually concerned with identifying or measuring the effects of risk factors or exposures. The common types of analytic study are CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; and CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES.

A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)

Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.

Any enterprise centered on the processing, assembly, production, or marketing of a line of products, services, commodities, or merchandise, in a particular field often named after its principal product. Examples include the automobile, fishing, music, publishing, insurance, and textile industries.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the air. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

A product of hard secondary xylem composed of CELLULOSE, hemicellulose, and LIGNANS, that is under the bark of trees and shrubs. It is used in construction and as a source of CHARCOAL and many other products.

Supplying a building or house, their rooms and corridors, with fresh air. The controlling of the environment thus may be in public or domestic sites and in medical or non-medical locales. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

High temperature destruction of waste by burning with subsequent reduction to ashes or conversion to an inert mass.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

Blocking of a blood vessel by air bubbles that enter the circulatory system, usually after TRAUMA; surgical procedures, or changes in atmospheric pressure.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Earth or other matter in fine, dry particles. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.

Computer systems capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations.

The maximum exposure to a biologically active physical or chemical agent that is allowed during an 8-hour period (a workday) in a population of workers, or during a 24-hour period in the general population, which does not appear to cause appreciable harm, whether immediate or delayed for any period, in the target population. (From Lewis Dictionary of Toxicology, 1st ed)

Metals with high specific gravity, typically larger than 5. They have complex spectra, form colored salts and double salts, have a low electrode potential, are mainly amphoteric, yield weak bases and weak acids, and are oxidizing or reducing agents (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.

A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Noise associated with transportation, particularly aircraft and automobiles.

Measurement of the maximum rate of airflow attained during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination. Common abbreviations are PEFR and PFR.

Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.

Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.

Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures.

Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.

A usually four-wheeled automotive vehicle designed for passenger transportation and commonly propelled by an internal-combustion engine using a volatile fuel. (Webster, 1973)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Inorganic oxides of sulfur.

The maintenance of certain aspects of the environment within a defined space to facilitate the function of that space; aspects controlled include air temperature and motion, radiant heat level, moisture, and concentration of pollutants such as dust, microorganisms, and gases. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

Factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest, are not intermediate variables, and are not associated with the factor(s) under investigation. They give rise to situations in which the effects of two processes are not separated, or the contribution of causal factors cannot be separated, or the measure of the effect of exposure or risk is distorted because of its association with other factors influencing the outcome of the study.

Inflammation of the ear, which may be marked by pain (EARACHE), fever, HEARING DISORDERS, and VERTIGO. Inflammation of the external ear is OTITIS EXTERNA; of the middle ear, OTITIS MEDIA; of the inner ear, LABYRINTHITIS.

Living facilities for humans.

Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.

Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.

Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.

Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.

Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations.

Devices, manned and unmanned, which are designed to be placed into an orbit about the Earth or into a trajectory to another celestial body. (NASA Thesaurus, 1988)

A refined petroleum fraction used as a fuel as well as a solvent.

The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The confinement of a patient in a hospital.

Residue generated from combustion of coal or petroleum.

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.

Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.

The relating of causes to the effects they produce. Causes are termed necessary when they must always precede an effect and sufficient when they initiate or produce an effect. Any of several factors may be associated with the potential disease causation or outcome, including predisposing factors, enabling factors, precipitating factors, reinforcing factors, and risk factors.

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

A method of analyzing the variation in utilization of health care in small geographic or demographic areas. It often studies, for example, the usage rates for a given service or procedure in several small areas, documenting the variation among the areas. By comparing high- and low-use areas, the analysis attempts to determine whether there is a pattern to such use and to identify variables that are associated with and contribute to the variation.

Combination of procedures, methods, and tools by which a policy, program, or project may be judged as to its potential effects on the health of a population, and the distribution of those effects within the population.

The effect of GLOBAL WARMING and the resulting increase in world temperatures. The predicted health effects of such long-term climatic change include increased incidence of respiratory, water-borne, and vector-borne diseases.

Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint.

Various material objects and items in the home. It includes temporary or permanent machinery and appliances. It does not include furniture or interior furnishings (FURNITURE see INTERIOR DESIGN AND FURNISHINGS; INTERIOR FURNISHINGS see INTERIOR DESIGN AND FURNISHINGS).

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.

A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions.

An agency in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government. It was created as an independent regulatory agency responsible for the implementation of federal laws designed to protect the environment. Its mission is to protect human health and the ENVIRONMENT.

The process of accepting patients. The concept includes patients accepted for medical and nursing care in a hospital or other health care institution.

The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.

The means of moving persons, animals, goods, or materials from one place to another.

A subcategory of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. The disease is characterized by hypersecretion of mucus accompanied by a chronic (more than 3 months in 2 consecutive years) productive cough. Infectious agents are a major cause of chronic bronchitis.

CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).

The gaseous envelope surrounding a planet or similar body. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Thin-walled sacs or spaces which function as a part of the respiratory system in birds, fishes, insects, and mammals.

Large natural streams of FRESH WATER formed by converging tributaries and which empty into a body of water (lake or ocean).

An infant having a birth weight of 2500 gm. (5.5 lb.) or less but INFANT, VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT is available for infants having a birth weight of 1500 grams (3.3 lb.) or less.

Research techniques that focus on study designs and data gathering methods in human and animal populations.

A course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual that concerns human interactions with nature and natural resources.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

A weight-carrying structure for navigation of the air that is supported either by its own buoyancy or by the dynamic action of the air against its surfaces. (Webster, 1973)

Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

The enactment of laws and ordinances and their regulation by official organs of a nation, state, or other legislative organization. It refers also to health-related laws and regulations in general or for which there is no specific heading.

The climate of a very small area.

Representations, normally to scale and on a flat medium, of a selection of material or abstract features on the surface of the earth, the heavens, or celestial bodies.

The state of the organism when it functions optimally without evidence of disease.

Carcinogenic substances that are found in the environment.

Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature.

Parliamentary democracy located between France on the northeast and Portugual on the west and bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The industry concerned with the removal of raw materials from the Earth's crust and with their conversion into refined products.

Accumulations of solid or liquid animal excreta usually from stables and barnyards with or without litter material. Its chief application is as a fertilizer. (From Webster's 3d ed)

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Volative flammable fuel (liquid hydrocarbons) derived from crude petroleum by processes such as distillation reforming, polymerization, etc.

Units that convert some other form of energy into electrical energy.

Experimental devices used in inhalation studies in which a person or animal is either partially or completely immersed in a chemically controlled atmosphere.

The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.

Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.

Complex petroleum hydrocarbons consisting mainly of residues from crude oil distillation. These liquid products include heating oils, stove oils, and furnace oils and are burned to generate energy.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

The branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their ENVIRONMENT, especially as manifested by natural cycles and rhythms, community development and structure, interactions between different kinds of organisms, geographic distributions, and population alterations. (Webster's, 3d ed)

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

A tough, malleable, iron-based alloy containing up to, but no more than, two percent carbon and often other metals. It is used in medicine and dentistry in implants and instrumentation.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.

Influence of crossdrafts on the performance of a biological safety cabinet. (1/1638)

A biological safety cabinet was tested to determine the effect of crossdrafts (such as those created by normal laboratory activity or ventilation) upon the ability of the cabinet to protect both experiments and investigators. A simple crossdraft, controllable from 50 to 200 feet per min (fpm; 15.24 to 60.96 m/min), was created across the face of the unit. Modifications of standardized procedures involving controlled bacterial aerosol challenges provided stringent test conditions. Results indicated that, as the crossflow velocities exceeded 100 fpm, the ability of the cabinet to protect either experiments or investigators decreased logarithmically with increasing crossdraft speed. Because 100 fpm is an airspeed easily achieved by some air conditioning and heating vents (open windows and doorways may create velocities far in excess of 200 fpm), the proper placement of a biological safety cabinet within the laboratory--away from such disruptive air currents--is essential to satisfactory cabinet performance. (+info)

A new model rat with acute bronchiolitis and its application to research on the toxicology of inhaled particulate matter. (2/1638)

The aim of the present study was to establish a useful animal model that simulates humans sensitive to inhaled particulate matter (PM). We have developed a new rat model of acute bronchiolitis (Br) by exposing animals to NiCl2 (Ni) aerosols for five days. Three days following the Ni exposure, the animals developed signs of tachypnea, mucous hypersecretion, and bronchiolar inflammation which seemed to progress quickly during the fourth to fifth day. They recovered from lesions after four weeks in clean air. To assess the sensitivity of the Br rats to inhaled particles, two kinds of PM of respirable size were tested with doses similar to or a little higher to the recommended threshold limit values (TLVs) for the working environment in Japan. Titanium dioxide (TiO2 = Ti) was chosen as an inert and insoluble particles and vanadium pentoxide (V2O5 = V), as a representative soluble and toxic airborne material. The Br rats exposed to either Ti or V were compared the pathological changes in the lungs and the clearance of particles to those in normal control or Br rats kept in clean air. The following significant differences were observed in Br rats: 1. delayed recovery from pre-existing lesions or exacerbated inflammation, 2. reductions in deposition and clearance rate of inhaled particles with the progress of lesions. The present results suggest that Br rats are more susceptible to inhaled particles than control rats. Therefore, concentrations of particulate matter lower than the TLVs for Japan, which have no harmful effects on normal lungs, may not always be safe in the case of pre-existing lung inflammation. (+info)

A simulation study of confounding in generalized linear models for air pollution epidemiology. (3/1638)

Confounding between the model covariates and causal variables (which may or may not be included as model covariates) is a well-known problem in regression models used in air pollution epidemiology. This problem is usually acknowledged but hardly ever investigated, especially in the context of generalized linear models. Using synthetic data sets, the present study shows how model overfit, underfit, and misfit in the presence of correlated causal variables in a Poisson regression model affect the estimated coefficients of the covariates and their confidence levels. The study also shows how this effect changes with the ranges of the covariates and the sample size. There is qualitative agreement between these study results and the corresponding expressions in the large-sample limit for the ordinary linear models. Confounding of covariates in an overfitted model (with covariates encompassing more than just the causal variables) does not bias the estimated coefficients but reduces their significance. The effect of model underfit (with some causal variables excluded as covariates) or misfit (with covariates encompassing only noncausal variables), on the other hand, leads to not only erroneous estimated coefficients, but a misguided confidence, represented by large t-values, that the estimated coefficients are significant. The results of this study indicate that models which use only one or two air quality variables, such as particulate matter [less than and equal to] 10 microm and sulfur dioxide, are probably unreliable, and that models containing several correlated and toxic or potentially toxic air quality variables should also be investigated in order to minimize the situation of model underfit or misfit. (+info)

Indoor, outdoor, and regional summer and winter concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO4(2)-, H+, NH4+, NO3-, NH3, and nitrous acid in homes with and without kerosene space heaters. (4/1638)

Twenty-four-hour samples of PM10 (mass of particles with aerodynamic diameter < or = 10 microm), PM2.5, (mass of particles with aerodynamic diameter < or = 2.5 microm), particle strong acidity (H+), sulfate (SO42-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonia (NH3), nitrous acid (HONO), and sulfur dioxide were collected inside and outside of 281 homes during winter and summer periods. Measurements were also conducted during summer periods at a regional site. A total of 58 homes of nonsmokers were sampled during the summer periods and 223 homes were sampled during the winter periods. Seventy-four of the homes sampled during the winter reported the use of a kerosene heater. All homes sampled in the summer were located in southwest Virginia. All but 20 homes sampled in the winter were also located in southwest Virginia; the remainder of the homes were located in Connecticut. For homes without tobacco combustion, the regional air monitoring site (Vinton, VA) appeared to provide a reasonable estimate of concentrations of PM2.5 and SO42- during summer months outside and inside homes within the region, even when a substantial number of the homes used air conditioning. Average indoor/outdoor ratios for PM2.5 and SO42- during the summer period were 1.03 +/- 0.71 and 0.74 +/- 0.53, respectively. The indoor/outdoor mean ratio for sulfate suggests that on average approximately 75% of the fine aerosol indoors during the summer is associated with outdoor sources. Kerosene heater use during the winter months, in the absence of tobacco combustion, results in substantial increases in indoor concentrations of PM2.5, SO42-, and possibly H+, as compared to homes without kerosene heaters. During their use, we estimated that kerosene heaters added, on average, approximately 40 microg/m3 of PM2.5 and 15 microg/m3 of SO42- to background residential levels of 18 and 2 microg/m3, respectively. Results from using sulfuric acid-doped Teflon (E.I. Du Pont de Nemours & Co., Wilmington, DE) filters in homes with kerosene heaters suggest that acid particle concentrations may be substantially higher than those measured because of acid neutralization by ammonia. During the summer and winter periods indoor concentrations of ammonia are an order of magnitude higher indoors than outdoors and appear to result in lower indoor acid particle concentrations. Nitrous acid levels are higher indoors than outdoors during both winter and summer and are substantially higher in homes with unvented combustion sources. (+info)

Biomarkers for exposure to ambient air pollution--comparison of carcinogen-DNA adduct levels with other exposure markers and markers for oxidative stress. (5/1638)

Human exposure to genotoxic compounds present in ambient air has been studied using selected biomarkers in nonsmoking Danish bus drivers and postal workers. A large interindividual variation in biomarker levels was observed. Significantly higher levels of bulky carcinogen-DNA adducts (75.42 adducts/10(8) nucleotides) and of 2-amino-apidic semialdehyde (AAS) in plasma proteins (56.7 pmol/mg protein) were observed in bus drivers working in the central part of Copenhagen, Denmark. In contrast, significantly higher levels of AAS in hemoglobin (55.8 pmol/mg protein), malondialdehyde in plasma (0. 96 nmol/ml plasma), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-albumin adduct (3.38 fmol/ microg albumin) were observed in the suburban group. The biomarker levels in postal workers were similar to the levels in suburban bus drivers. In the combined group of bus drivers and postal workers, negative correlations were observed between bulky carcinogen-DNA adduct and PAH-albumin levels (p = 0.005), and between DNA adduct and [gamma]-glutamyl semialdehyde (GGS) in hemoglobin (p = 0.11). Highly significant correlations were found between PAH-albumin adducts and AAS in plasma (p = 0.001) and GGS in hemoglobin (p = 0.001). Significant correlations were also observed between urinary 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine and AAS in plasma (p = 0.001) and PAH-albumin adducts (p = 0.002). The influence of the glutatione S-transferase (GST) M1 deletion on the correlation between the biomarkers was studied in the combined group. A significant negative correlation was only observed between bulky carcinogen-DNA adducts and PAH-albumin adducts (p = 0.02) and between DNA adduct and urinary mutagenic activity (p = 0.02) in the GSTM1 null group, but not in the workers who were homozygotes or heterozygotes for GSTM1. Our results indicate that some of the selected biomarkers can be used to distinguish between high and low exposure to environmental genotoxins. (+info)

Short-term associations between outdoor air pollution and visits to accident and emergency departments in London for respiratory complaints. (6/1638)

Many epidemiological studies have shown positive short-term associations between health and current levels of outdoor air pollution. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between air pollution and the number of visits to accident and emergency (A&E) departments in London for respiratory complaints. A&E visits include the less severe cases of acute respiratory disease and are unrestricted by bed availability. Daily counts of visits to 12 London A&E departments for asthma, other respiratory complaints, and both combined for a number of age groups were constructed from manual registers of visits for the period 1992-1994. A Poisson regression allowing for seasonal patterns, meteorological conditions and influenza epidemics was used to assess the associations between the number of visits and six pollutants: nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and particles measured as black smoke (BS) and particles with a median aerodynamic diameter of <10 microm (PM10). After making an allowance for the multiplicity of tests, there remained strong associations between visits for all respiratory complaints and increases in SO2: a 2.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.7-4.9) increase in the number of visits for a 18 microg x (-3) increase (10th-90th percentile range) and a 3.0% (95% CI 0.8-5.2) increase for a 31 microg x m(-3) increase in PM10. There were also significant associations between visits for asthma and SO2, NO2 and PM10. No significant associations between O3 and any of the respiratory complaints investigated were found. Because of the strong correlation between pollutants, it was difficult to identify a single pollutant responsible for the associations found in the analyses. This study suggests that the levels of air pollution currently experienced in London are linked to short-term increases in the number of people visiting accident and emergency departments with respiratory complaints. (+info)

Increased exhaled nitric oxide on days with high outdoor air pollution is of endogenous origin. (7/1638)

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of outdoor air pollution on exhaled levels of endogenously released nitric oxide. To exclude bias from exogenous NO in the recovered exhaled air (residual NO or NO in dead volume) an experimental design was used that sampled NO of endogenous origin only. The validity of the presented experimental design was established in experiments where subjects were exposed to high levels of exogenous NO (cigarette smoke or 480 microg x m(-3) synthetic NO). Subsequent 1 min breathing and a final inhalation of NO-free air proved to be sufficient to attain pre-exposure values. Using the presented method detecting only endogenous NO in exhaled air, 18 subjects were sampled on 4 separate days with different levels of outdoor air pollution (read as an ambient NO level of 4, 30, 138 and 246 microg x m(-3)). On the 2 days with highest outdoor air pollution, exhaled NO was significantly (p<0.001) increased (67-78%) above the mean baseline value assessed on 4 days with virtually no outdoor air pollution. In conclusion, the level of endogenous nitric oxide in exhaled air is increased on days with high outdoor air pollution. The physiological implications of this findings need to be investigated further. (+info)

Air pollution, pollens, and daily admissions for asthma in London 1987-92. (8/1638)

BACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to investigate the relationship between daily hospital admissions for asthma and air pollution in London in 1987-92 and the possible confounding and modifying effects of airborne pollen. METHODS: For all ages together and the age groups 0-14, 15-64 and 65+ years, Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risk of daily asthma admissions associated with changes in ozone, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and particles (black smoke), controlling for time trends, seasonal factors, calendar effects, influenza epidemics, temperature, humidity, and autocorrelation. Independent effects of individual pollutants and interactions with aeroallergens were explored using two pollutant models and models including pollen counts (grass, oak and birch). RESULTS: In all-year analyses ozone was significantly associated with admissions in the 15-64 age group (10 ppb eight hour ozone, 3.93% increase), nitrogen dioxide in the 0-14 and 65+ age groups (10 ppb 24 hour nitrogen dioxide, 1.25% and 2.96%, respectively), sulphur dioxide in the 0-14 age group (10 micrograms/m3 24 hour sulphur dioxide, 1.64%), and black smoke in the 65% age group (10 micrograms/m3 black smoke, 5.60%). Significant seasonal differences were observed for ozone in the 0-14 and 15-64 age groups, and in the 0-14 age group there were negative associations with ozone in the cool season. In general, cumulative lags of up to three days tended to show stronger and more significant effects than single day lags. In two-pollutant models these associations were most robust for ozone and least for nitrogen dioxide. There was no evidence that the associations with air pollutants were due to confounding by any of the pollens, and little evidence of an interaction between pollens and pollution except for synergism of sulphur dioxide and grass pollen in children (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Ozone, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and particles were all found to have significant associations with daily hospital admissions for asthma, but there was a lack of consistency across the age groups in the specific pollutant. These associations were not explained by confounding by airborne pollens nor was there convincing evidence that the effects of air pollutants and airborne pollens interact in causing hospital admissions for asthma. (+info)

Air pollution[edit]. Main articles: Biomass § Environmental damage, and Ethanol_fuel § Air_pollution ... Biofuels are similar to fossil fuels in that biofuels contribute to air pollution. Burning produces carbon dioxide, airborne ... The WHO estimates 3.7 million premature deaths worldwide in 2012 due to air pollution.[74] Brazil burns significant amounts of ... WHO , Ambient (outdoor) air quality and health *^ Atmospheric alcohols and aldehydes concentrations measured in Osaka, Japan ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuels

Air pollution[edit]. Both indoor and outdoor air quality can be improved, which may prevent COPD or slow the worsening of ... The most common cause of COPD is tobacco smoking, with a smaller number of cases due to factors such as air pollution and ... Poorly ventilated cooking fires, often fueled by coal or biomass fuels such as wood and dung, lead to indoor air pollution and ... such as air pollution and malnutrition, is not clear.[9] Tentative evidence indicates that those with asthma and airway ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COPD

Air pollution reduction[edit]. As cities struggle to comply with air quality standards, trees can help to clean the air. The ... McPherson, E. G. & Simpson, J. R. (2000). Reducing Air Pollution Through Urban Forestry. Proceedings of the 48th meeting of ... Large healthy trees greater than 75 cm in trunk diameter remove approximately 70 times more air pollution annually (1.4 kg/yr) ... Trees are an important, cost-effective solution to reducing pollution and improving air quality. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urban_forest

The settlement includes a civil penalty and a commitment to upgrade the air pollution controls at two power plants in Indiana, ... Environmental Protection Agency and Hoosier Energy to reduce emissions that are regulated under the Clean Air Act. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merom_Generating_Station

Air pollution[edit]. Air pollution, or suspended particulate matter locally generated from the increased number of automobiles ... Water pollution has also been found in the Santa Ana River and Cajon wash, and pollutants from the March Air Reserve Base and ... In 2004, the EPA rated the San Bernardino-Riverside area as having the worst particulate air pollution in the United States.[48 ... Supryia, Ray (2006). Plagued by Pollution: Unsafe Levels of Soot Pollution in 2004 (PDF). Los Angeles: Environment California ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inland_Empire_(California)

Air pollution[edit]. Outdoor air pollutants, especially chemicals released from the burning of fossil fuels, increase the risk ... Tobacco smoking, genetic factors, radon gas, asbestos, air pollution[4][5]. Diagnostic method. Medical imaging, tissue biopsy[6 ... Avoidance of risk factors, including smoking and air pollution, is the primary method of prevention.[17] Treatment and long- ... Tentative evidence supports an increased risk of lung cancer from indoor air pollution related to the burning of wood, charcoal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lung_cancer

This state of emergency was called because the fire caused bad air pollution.[31] ... Red Bull Air Races[edit]. Windsor has hosted a round of the Red Bull Air Race World Championship in each of 2009 and 2010[108] ... a regional airport with scheduled commuter air service by Air Canada Express, Porter Airlines, Westjet, Sunwing, and Air ... "Red Bull Air Race". Red Bull Air Race. Archived from the original on August 7, 2009. Retrieved January 2, 2012.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Windsor

Air pollution[edit]. The AQI PM2.5 and PM10 data for air quality from 1 August to 31 December 2015 in Delhi, India.[163] The 5- ... Due to air pollution, over 1 billion people are prone to asthma in present, and it is predicted that it might affect 4 billion ... PARAMESH, H (2019). "Current Scenario of Air Pollution in Relation to Respiratory Health". Current Science. 116 (8): 1289-1292. ... These chemicals are copper, cadmium, lead, magnesium, sodium, zinc, nitrate and nitrite.[173].The air pollution caused by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwali

"State Results: Pollution Glance." Houston Chronicle. *^ Czader, Beata (May 20, 2016). "The paradox of peak-based ozone air ... Air pollution[edit]. Houston is well known for its oil and petrochemical industries, which are leading contributors to the ... Houston has introduced many programs since the 2000 federal order to reduce air pollution in the city.[citation needed] The ... Houston's environmental problems stem from a long history of pollution. Houston may be considered the air-conditioning capital ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_of_Houston

Air pollution[edit]. Increases in asthma rates have occurred despite improvements in air quality produced by the passage and ... Compounding the problem of air quality is the fact that air-borne pollens have been found to attach themselves to diesel ... enforcement of clean air legislation, such as the U.S. Clean Air Act of 1963 and the Clean Air Act of 1990. existing ... For every elevation of 10 μg/m3 in particulate matter concentration in the air a six percent increase in cardiopulmonary deaths ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syndemic

The lower layer of air, heated up by the lake water, picks up water vapor from the lake and rises up through the colder air ... For lake-effect rain or snow to form, the air moving across the lake must be significantly cooler than the surface air (which ... lower than the temperature of the air at the surface. Lake-effect occurring when the air at 850 millibars (85 kPa) is much ... the air temperature at an altitude where the air pressure is 850 millibars (85 kPa) (roughly 1.5 kilometers or 0.93 miles ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake-effect_snow

Air Pollution. Score(1). Annual. Petroleum. Use. (barrel) Toyota Prius Eco (4th gen)[33]. 2016. 58. 53. 158. 7/8*. 6.6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_electric_vehicles_in_the_United_States

Pollution. *Air pollution (control. *dispersion modeling). *Industrial ecology. *Solid waste treatment. *Waste management ... Dissolved air flotation. When particles to be removed do not settle out of solution easily, dissolved air flotation (DAF) is ... Drinking water pollution detector Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are being used in water purification plants to detect ... Prior to this step, compressed air may be blown up through the bottom of the filter to break up the compacted filter media to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

Ambient air pollution thought to be related to inflammation [18][19][20] ... "The Relationship Between Ambient Air Pollution and Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Time-Stratified Case-Crossover Study in a City- ... A time-stratified case crossover study of the relationship between ambient air pollution and sudden cardiac deaths in Singapore ... Stratified Case Crossover Study of the Association of Outdoor Ambient Air Pollution With the Risk of Acute Myocardial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrombosis

... air pollution (from incineration), and water pollution (from landfilling).. Recycling is a key component of modern waste ... Examples include: decreased air pollution and greenhouse gases from incineration, reduced hazardous waste leaching from ... Creating a new piece of plastic, for instance, may cause more pollution and be less sustainable than recycling a similar piece ... Next, automated machinery such as disk screens and air classifiers separate the recyclates by weight, splitting lighter paper ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recyclable

Pollution. *Air pollution (control. *dispersion modeling). *Industrial ecology. *Solid waste treatment. *Waste management ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_hydrogen_production

2019-05-28: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. *2019-05-25: Ultrasound Quarterly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Academic_Journals

Stormwater is directed into storm drains which may cause overflows of combined sewer systems or pollution, erosion, or flooding ... Dietz, Michael E.; Clausen, John C. (2005). "A Field Evaluation of Raingarden Flow and Pollutant Treatment". Water, Air, & Soil ... A benefit of planting rain gardens is the consequential decrease in ambient air and water temperature, a mitigation that is ... "Water Quality: Prevention, Identification, and Management of Diffuse Pollution." Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rain_gardens

Air, & Soil Pollution. 44 (1-2): 143-158. doi:10.1007/BF00228784. Earley, Patrick J.; Swope, Brandon L.; Barbeau, Katherine; ... in workroom air during an eight-hour work shift, 40-hour work week. Toxicity to other species of plants and animals is noted to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_toxicity

Hogan, C. Michael (1973). "Analysis of highway noise". Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 2 (3): 387-392. doi:10.1007/BF00159677.. ... Air brake association. p. 5.. *^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z "Friction Factors - Coefficients of ... Air Brake Association (1921). The Principles and Design of Foundation Brake Rigging. ... Devices such as wheels, ball bearings, roller bearings, and air cushion or other types of fluid bearings can change sliding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friction

Air, & Soil Pollution. 70: 19-37. doi:10.1007/BF01104986.. ... Carbon may burn vigorously and brightly in the presence of air ... may spontaneously combust when exposed to air in coal mine waste tips, ship cargo holds and coal bunkers,[126][127] and storage ... by heating wood in a pyramid covered with clay to exclude air.[96][97] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonaceous

Air, & Soil Pollution. 136 (1-4): 147-163.. ... The reflection of such pollution in the karst underground ... Water resources in the karst are extremely sensitive to all kinds of pollution.[47] The contamination of the karst underground ... it is only occasionally exposed to normal adult hearing in air, which is probably also possible for Proteus as in most ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olm

Andersson, Maud (1988). "Toxicity and tolerance of aluminium in vascular plants". Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 39 (3-4): 439- ... Aluminium in the air is washed out by the rain or normally settles down but small particles of aluminium remain in the air for ... which spontaneously ignites on contact with air;[118] contact with damp air results in the release of copious quantities of ... "Lowermoor Water Pollution incident 'unlikely' to have caused long term health effects" (PDF). Committee on Toxicity of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminum

J (1996). "Solubility of heavy metals in a contaminated soil: Effects of redox potential and pH". Water, Air, & Soil Pollution ... In places with limitations in air supply, such as submerged soils, swamps and marine sediments, reducing conditions (negative ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduction_potential

Meybeck, Michel (1993). "Riverine transport of atmospheric carbon: Sources, global typology and budget". Water, Air, & Soil ... Pollution. 70 (1-4): 443-463. doi:10.1007/BF01105015.. *^ Albrecht, Achim (2003). "Validating riverine transport and speciation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River

Cities and Air Pollution". Hazards. Nelson Thornes. pp. 101-. ISBN 978-0-17-490022-1.. ... Yellowish clouds caused by the presence of nitrogen dioxide are sometimes seen in urban areas with high air pollution levels.[ ... In calm weather, a layer of significantly warmer air can rest over colder dense air, forming an atmospheric duct which acts ... Light rays incoming from overhead encounters 1⁄38 of the air mass that those coming along a horizontal path encounter. Hence, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_optics

Meanwhile, pollution-related diseases are attributed to exposure to toxicants or toxins in the air, water, and soil. Therefore ... Some of these risk factors, for instance, air-pollution, are well known, while others such as altered microbial exposure are ... Further information: Pollution; Hazardous waste; Toxicity class; Volatile organic compound; Plastic pollution; Organic dust ... "Outdoor air pollution and asthma". The Lancet. 383 (9928): 1581-1592. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60617-6. ISSN 0140-6736. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_disease

Air and Water Pollution". Prenatal exposures: psychological and educational consequences for children. New York: Springer. doi: ... Air pollution has been associated with low birth weight infants.[116] Conditions of particular severity in pregnancy include ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child-bearing

Muzaurieta, Annie Bell, thedailygreen.com (1 October 2008). Holy Hangover! Wine Bottles Cause Air Pollution ... However, wine-bottle manufacturers have been cited for Clean Air Act violations. A New York Times editorial suggested that box ... In contrast, bottled wine oxidizes more rapidly after opening because of the increasing ratio of air to wine as the contents ... Wine aroma comes from volatile compounds released into the air.[95] Vaporization of these compounds can be accelerated by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kha

Environment (air pollution, hazardous waste).. However, it is not rote knowledge that identifies a competent occupational ... More recently again in the 1990s radon and in the 2000s the effects of mold from indoor air quality situations in the home and ... By knowing the mass of the sample collected and the volume of air sampled a concentration for the fraction sampled can be given ... Results are quantified on the basis of number of fibres per millilitre of air (f/ml). Many countries strictly regulate the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hygiene

"State of the Air 2005, National and Regional Analysis". American Lung Association. March 25, 2005. Archived from the original ... The industries located along the ship channel and the bay are a major cause of the pollution.[25] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baytown,_Texas

AP-X - designed by Air Products & Chemicals, Inc. (APCI). *AP-SMR (Single Mixed Refrigerant) - designed by Air Products & ... The International Convention for Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), adopted by the IMO, has mandated that marine ... For LNG to burn, it must first vaporize, then mix with air in the proper proportions (the flammable range is 5 percent to 15 ... Thus a 2000cc engine would typically be more powerful than an 1800cc engine, but that assumes a similar air-fuel mixture is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_natural_gas

In locations with little light pollution, the moonlit night sky is also blue, because moonlight is reflected sunlight, with a ... In 1859, while attempting to determine whether any contaminants remained in the purified air he used for infrared experiments, ... Here, Rayleigh scattering primarily occurs through sunlight's interaction with randomly located air molecules. It is this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh_scattering

Some had developed primitive lungs to help them breathe air when the stagnant pools of the Devonian swamps were low in oxygen. ... These include habitat destruction, over-exploitation, pollution, introduced species, climate change, destruction of the ozone ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amphibia

JEL: Q52 - Pollution Control Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects. JEL: Q53 - Air Pollution; Water Pollution; ... JEL: L93 - Air Transportation. JEL: L94 - Electric Utilities. JEL: L95 - Gas Utilities; Pipelines; Water Utilities. JEL: L96 - ...

https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Códigos_de_classificação_JEL

Original air date. Length. (minutes). 19. 1. "Wheeling and Dealing: Spring 1944". (Danish: Handel og Vandel: Forår 1944). Lise ... Hansen decides to fight the pollution of the nearby fjord which has him running the gauntlet as local politicians, union ... Original air date. Length. (minutes). 1. 1. "The Traveler: 1929". (Danish: Den Rejsende: 1929). Lise Nørgaard. 11 November 1978 ... Original air date. Length. (minutes). 13. 1. "A New Life: Autumn 1937 - Spring 1938". (Danish: Et Nyt Liv: Efterår 1937 - Forår ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matador_

There are also concerns at increased accidents and air pollution.[363] The traffic volumes would also cause frequent closings ... "Air-Berlin-Insolvenz hat kaum Folgen für Berliner Flughäfen -".. *^ "Was bedeutet das Ende von Air Berlin für den BER?" [what ... "Air Berlin plant vorerst kein Drehkreuz in Berlin" [Air Berlin is not planning a hub in Berlin]. Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg( ... The recent bankruptcy of Air Berlin was another problem for the airport. With Air Berlin missing it became even clearer that ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Brandenburg_Airport

Original air date English air date 17. "Pan's Gambit" / "Leave It To Pan!! The Son Goku Rescue Plan!!". Transcription: "Pan ni ... The dragon explains that his pollution causes all living things to exponentially weaken, die and decay over a short period of ... Original air date English air date 41. "Curtain Call" / "The Number One Under The Sun Tournament. Who Will Be Satan's Successor ... Original air date English air date 1. "A Devastating Wish" / "The Mysterious Dragon Balls Activate!! Son Goku Becomes A Child ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Dragon_Ball_GT_episodes

A 2004 study showed New Jersey bars and restaurants had more than nine times the levels of indoor air pollution of neighbouring ... "Study Finds That New Jersey Bars and Restaurants Have Nine Times More Air Pollution than Those in Smoke-Free New York". ... Air quality in bars and restaurants[edit]. Restrictions upon smoking in bars and restaurants can substantially improve the air ... The city's Department of Health found in a 2004 study that air pollution levels had decreased sixfold in bars and restaurants ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-smoking_legislation

Rubidium and caesium must be kept away from air, even under oil, because even a small amount of air diffused into the oil may ... 1999). Pollution Prevention: The Waste Management Approach to the 21st Century. CRC Press. p. 15 Section 27. ISBN 978-1-56670- ... Lithium burns in air to form lithium oxide, but sodium reacts with oxygen to form a mixture of sodium oxide and sodium peroxide ... x ions.[133] They may be obtained directly from the elements in liquid ammonia or when air is not present, and are colourless, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act. References[edit]. *^ a b Ellison, Katherine (2012-05-09). "An ... v. Connecticut that it was not for the courts to decide appropriate levels of pollution.[18] ... In a case modeled on Juliana, the Philadelphia-based Clean Air Council filed a lawsuit in 2017 on behalf of two minors as the ... The U.S. Department of Justice argued that there was "no constitutional right to a pollution-free environment", and that the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliana_v._United_States

After the merger the number of mines reached 110-150.[9][27] Notable ones include Belle Ayr Mine and Eagle Butte Mine (both in ... "Coal firm to pay record fine for water pollution". Yahoo News (AP). Retrieved March 7, 2014 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_Natural_Resources

Ca have also been prepared for specific application in air pollution control especially in museums and galleries. Due to its ... air filters in respirators, filters in compressed air, teeth whitening, production of hydrogen chloride and many other ... Air is then introduced to burn out the gasses, creating a graded, screened and de-dusted form of activated carbon. This is ... Activated carbon is used in methane and hydrogen storage,[1][2] air purification, solvent recovery, decaffeination, gold ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activated_charcoal

Breathing involves expelling stale air from the blowhole, forming an upward, steamy spout, followed by inhaling fresh air into ... Whales are also affected by marine pollution. High levels of organic chemicals accumulate in these animals since they are high ... In humans, the middle ear works as an impedance equalizer between the outside air's low impedance and the cochlear fluid's high ... As such whales must breathe air regularly, although they can remain submerged under water for long periods of time. Some ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale

... air pollution, and epilepsy. Annual health awards were given by the DGWHO and the President of WHA.[26] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Assembly

... and pollution.[156] Indeed, some analysts claim that overpopulation's most serious impact is its effect on the environment.[124 ... foregoing air travel, and adopting a plant-based diet.[164] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population

US maximum allowed exposure in air (40 h/week) is 1900 mg/m³ for ethanol, 900 mg/m³ for gasoline, and 1260 mg/m³ for methanol. ... and dramatically reduces long term groundwater pollution caused by fuel spills. Unlike benzene-family fuels, methanol will ... Since methanol vapor is heavier than air, it will linger close to the ground or in a pit unless there is good ventilation, and ... However, its low energy content of 19.7 MJ/kg and stoichiometric air-to-fuel ratio of 6.42:1 mean that fuel consumption (on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol_fuel

Ivorians have a particular kind of small, open-air restaurant called a maquis, which is unique to the region. A maquis normally ... Water pollution is amongst one of the biggest issues that the country is currently facing.[64] ... In 2012, the Ivory Coast Air Force consisted of one Mil Mi-24 attack helicopter and three SA330L Puma transports (marked as ... An Ivorian military spokesman said, "The air, land, and sea border of the country are closed to all movement of people and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Côte_d

Injection wells are used to supply the oxidants (air, oxygen) and steam to ignite and fuel the underground combustion process. ... the Australian Government's proposed Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme.[citation needed] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underground_coal_gasification

For example, air pollution may generate a negative externality, and education may generate a positive externality (less crime, ... Effluent taxes and marketable pollution permits represent a better approach to pollution control than imposition of pollution ... Pollution can be a simple example of market failure. If costs of production are not borne by producers but are by the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economics

Due to high pollution created by factories in proximity of the city the river was dying at an alarming rate. It has since been ... and extremely dry air. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashik

... must be kept at room temperature in an air-tight container. Black tea in a bag within a sealed opaque canister may keep for ... Because of modern environmental pollution, fluoride and aluminium also sometimes occur in tea. Certain types of brick tea made ... To remain fresh and prevent mold, tea needs to be stored away from heat, light, air, and moisture. ... to create a tea with entrapped air bubbles creating a frothy "head" in the cup. This beverage, teh tarik, literally, "pulled ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea

Bailey, Christopher J. (1998). Congress and Air Pollution: Environmental Policies in the USA. Manchester University Press. p. ... American conservatives have generally supported deregulation of pollution and reduced restrictions on carbon emissions.[132] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_conservatism

Traffic fatalities and air pollution.. *Non communicable diseases.. *Physical inactivity leading to death. ... Increased and intensified industrial and agricultural production and emission of toxic chemicals directly into the soil, air, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developing_world

... air particles and pollution run-off water have caused huge concentrations in fish of many different areas, which continues to ... Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(31), 24057-24060. *^ Gómez-Ramírez, P., Shore, R. F., Van Den Brink, N. W., ... In one instance, a mallard was caught while flying in mid-air, but usually the much larger eagle is unable to capture ducks in ... consisting of the pair locking talons mid-air and whirling earthwards in series of spectacular cartwheels. When doing this, the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-tailed_eagle

"International Tanker Operators Pollution Federation Limited. Retrieved 2010-05-03.. *^ "Spill Response - Dispersants Kill Fish ... For foam drilling fluids, synthetic detergents and soaps are used, along with polymers, to disperse foam bubbles into the air ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispersants

Department of State Air Wing[edit]. Logo of the "Air Wing" of The Bureau of International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs ... cross-border pollution, humanitarian crises, nuclear smuggling, and narcotics trafficking.'[21] ... Beechcraft King Air and De Haviland DHC-8-300. In 2011, the Air Wing was operating more than 230 aircraft around the world, the ... The separate Air Wing was established in 1986 as use of aviation assets grew in the war on drugs.[42] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_State_Department

The O2 is produced by an air separation unit (ASU), which removes the atmospheric N2 from the oxidizer stream. By removing the ... cause sustainability concerns but also require the use of more fertilizer leading to soil contamination and water pollution.[ ... In oxy‐fuel combustion, the main difference from conventional air firing is that the fuel is burned in a mixture of O2 and ... BECCS was moderately preferred among other methods of Carbon dioxide removal like Direct air capture or Enhanced weathering, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-energy_with_carbon_capture_and_storage

The climate of Ontario varies by season and location.[16] It is affected by three air sources: cold, dry, arctic air from the ... "Midland Water Pollution Control Plant". Canadian Climate Normals 1981-2010. Environment Canada. Archived from the original on ... moist air from the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean.[17] The effects of these major air masses on temperature and ... Air travel[edit]. Important airports in the province include Toronto Pearson International Airport, which is the busiest ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario

Pollution from China travels in large quantities across the Pacific Ocean to the United States, a new study has found, making ... Visibility shrank to less than half a football field and small-particle pollution soared to a record 40 times higher than an ... acid rain-inducing sulphate from burning of fossil fuels in China can account for as much as a quarter of sulphate pollution in ...

https://www.yahoo.com/news/photos/china-s-air-pollution-problem-slideshow/cars-drive-guomao-bridge-heavy-haze-day-beijings-photo-050344650.html?selected_tab=0&mod_id=latest-news-galleries

Read about the negative health effects of particle pollution - and find steps you can take to prevent them. ... Air Quality Index (AQI). The EPA Air Quality Indexexternal icon (AQI) tells you when air pollution is likely to reach levels ... When particle pollution levels are high, take steps to limit the amount of air you breathe in while youre outside. For example ... How can particle pollution affect my health?. Particle pollution can affect anyone, but it bothers some people more than others ...

https://www.cdc.gov/air/particulate_matter.html

... air pollution kills 9 million people worldwide each year - more than smoking. Rather than killing otherwise healthy people, air ... People exposed to air pollution in early life can still … ... pollution tends to aggravate the effects of heart and lung ... Air pollution is still a major problem in the US: 45 cities have PM2.5 concentrations above those recommended for healthy air. ... How dirty is the air we breathe? The true scale of air pollution ... Why the UKs plan to tackle air pollution is mostly hot air ...

https://www.newscientist.com/term/air-pollution/

Air Pollution. Biodiversity loss due to air pollution is mainly attributed to three distinct categories: greenhouse gases, ... In many cases, this leads to pollution or ecologically damaging products. The sectors that contribute most to air pollution are ... Pollution spewing from industrial smokestacks. Via Reuters. Through naturally occurring processes, carbon dioxide readily ... Aerosols are comprised of particulate matter suspended in air; many of them occur naturally, however approximately 10 percent ...

http://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2015/2015/airpollution.html

Reduction of solar photovoltaic resources due to air pollution in China Xiaoyuan Li, Fabian Wagner, Wei Peng, Junnan Yang, and ... The impact of exposure to air pollution on cognitive performance Xin Zhang, Xi Chen, and Xiaobo Zhang ...

http://www.pnas.org/keyword/air-pollution

Latest Air pollution News. Report: Colorado far from meeting emissions reduction goals. May. 16, 2021 10:18 AM EDT ... WASHINGTON (AP) - The Environmental Protection Agency is revoking a Trump-era rule that overhauled how the agency evaluates air ... EPA revokes Trump-era policy that loosened clean-air rules. May. 13, 2021 11:52 AM EDT ... promote clean air, shore up water supplies and prevent wildfires. ... ...

https://hosted.ap.org/kentuckytoday/tags/air-pollution

Air Pollution[edit]. Air pollution may cause diseases, allergies, or death in humans. It may also cause harm to other living ... Strategies For Controlling Air Pollution[edit]. The German government bases air pollution control on four strategies:[5] ... Air pollution in Germany has significantly decreased over the past decade. Air pollution occurs when harmful substances are ... 3.1 Strategies For Controlling Air Pollution. *3.2 Policy Instruments for Controlling Air Pollution *3.2.1 1. Federal Emission ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution_in_Germany

The air pollution that we breathe every day is largely invisible, but is killing us. How did it get this bad, and how can we ... The air pollution that we breathe every day is largely invisible, but is killing us. How did it get this bad, and how can we ... Dr Gary Fuller, an air pollution scientist in the Environmental Research Group at Kings College London, explores the history ... The Rising Global Threat of Air Pollution and How We Can Fight Back. ...

https://www.kcl.ac.uk/news/spotlight/the-invisible-killer-air-pollution

Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to pollution in the ... ecological implications of pollution and pollution models. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel ... Water, Air, & Soil Pollution is an international, interdisciplinary journal on all aspects of pollution and solutions to ... atmospheric pollution, metals, aquatic pollution including marine pollution and ground water, waste water, pesticides, soil ...

https://www.springer.com/journal/11270

Millions of people die prematurely every year from diseases and cancer caused by air pollution. The first line of defence ... against this carnage is ambient air quality standards. Yet, according to.... *Read more about Air pollution: The silent killer ... New research from McGill University links air pollution nanoparticles to brain cancer. ... Rain lashed parts of Delhi on Tuesday as the air quality remained in the "very poor" category in several areas of the national ...

https://www.mcgill.ca/channels/category/tags/air-pollution

Air pollution is one of the major current health risks of humanity. At present, urban outdoor air pollution causes 1.3 million ... Air pollution in Europe and North America would also increase, but due to the effect of mitigation policies - that have been in ... to avoid hot-spots of elevated air pollution," says Andrea Pozzer of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz, whose ... assuming past emission trends continue and no additional climate change and air pollution reduction measures beyond what is in ...

http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1112667657/air-pollution-increases-worldwide/

Source for information on Indoor Air Pollution: Pollution A to Z dictionary. ... Indoor air issues may be traced to the beginning of civilization. Prehistoric records note the problem of smoke in caves. ... Indoor Air Pollution Indoor air pollution is the presence of one or more contaminants indoors that carry a certain degree of ... Proper ventilation… Air Sac , air sac Air Bag , Background An air bag is an inflatable cushion designed to protect automobile ...

https://www.encyclopedia.com/environment/educational-magazines/indoor-air-pollution

Particulate air pollution with monitoring of metal concentrations. Health or Social Effects Studied. Daily changes in rates of ... Health data is not yet analyzed and air pollution is excessive in these cities.. ... Air samples were collected for PM2.5, and daily rates of hospitalization for cardiovascular and respiratory disease related to ... Air pollution in the Holy Cities of Saudi Arabia * Air pollution in Karachi, Pakistan Air pollution in Karachi, Pakistan ...

https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/geh/partnerships/network/cohorts/pakistan/index.cfm

Health, climate change and air pollution. Date: 19 May 2014. In the presence of WHO Director-General Dr Margaret Chan, ... He linked climate change and air pollution to the risk factors for noncommunicable diseases, placing particular emphasis on ...

http://www.who.int/globalchange/mediacentre/events/global-health-impacts/en/

But weve also noticed that when it comes to the real health impacts of air pollution, the Chinese public has very limited ... Only once theres real understanding of how harmful air pollution is, can concern turn into pressure and momentum to make real ... shocking air pollution levels. While China will walk a long, hard road before it reaches the land of crisp, clean, blue skies, ... But weve also noticed that when it comes to the real health impacts of air pollution, the Chinese public has very limited ...

http://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/multimedia/slideshows/climate-energy/beijing-children-air-pollution/Beijing-air-pollution4/?page=6

... stop toxic pollution, ensure food security, end illegal deforestation and defend the oceans. Greenpeace has offices in Beijing ... Reduce Air Pollution. Air pollution is a severe problem - one that has serious impacts on our health and our economy. Toxic air ... reports and takes action on the urgent issue of air pollution in China, by campaigning against Chinas biggest cause of air ... pollution particles lodge themselves deep in our lungs and enter our bloodstreams - with serious health effects. ...

https://www.greenpeace.org/eastasia/tag/reduce-air-pollution/

"Air Pollution and Procyclical Mortality," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol 3(3), pages ... We investigate the contribution of air pollution to the procyclicality of deaths by combining state-level data on overall, ... with those of other studies in the economics and public health literatures measuring the mortality effects of air pollution. ...

https://www.nber.org/papers/w18959

More than a million people are thought to die a year from air pollution in China, but now the country is fighting back with ... Chinas Surprising Solutions to Clear Killer Air. More than a million people are thought to die a year from air pollution in ... In China today, air pollution kills an estimated 1.1 million people a year. Tangshan is ranked as the countrys sixth most ... Chinas war against air pollution is part of a broader reckoning with the health and environmental catastrophe wrought by rapid ...

https://www.nationalgeographic.com/news/2017/05/china-air-pollution-solutions-environment-tangshan/

Find breaking news, commentary, and archival information about Air Pollution Malaysia From The latimes ... the air did not taste like ashes, the skies did not appear ablaze, and no one needed masks to breathe. "We prayed for this," ... the air did not taste like ashes, the skies did not appear ablaze, and no one needed masks to breathe. "We prayed for this," ...

http://articles.latimes.com/keyword/air-pollution-malaysia

Babies Hate Air Pollution. Kate SheppardOctober 11, 2011 1:29 PM *Share on Facebook ... New research in Los Angeles has found that women exposed to air pollution from automobiles are more likely to have children ... "additional evidence of the potential impact of traffic-related air pollution on fetal growth" and merits further study, ... is also a nasty side effect of air pollution. ... The researchers found that exposure to air pollutants like ...

https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2011/10/babies-hate-air-pollution/

the holes in our ozone layer are caused by air pollution. #air pollution#airpollution#smog#pollution#air quality#humans#health# ... Air Pollutionunknown. caused by the stupidity of the human race, caused by the 80's hair styles, and every teenagers dream ...

https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Air%20Pollution&defid=6642053

Air pollution and the war of wills TEHRAN - With the arrival of cold season air pollution spreads its shadow over cities, ... Vehicle inspection curbs air pollution up to 25% TEHRAN - Vehicle inspection can contribute to air pollution mitigation by 15 ... World Car-Free Day: costly cars, cheap fuel to blame for air pollution TEHRAN - Air pollution incurs financial loss of about ... air pollution Total:92. * 2020-08-19 20:30 $240m earmarked to reduce pollution, natural resources degradation TEHRAN - Some 10 ...

https://www.tehrantimes.com/tag/air+pollution

Air pollution in its great magnitude has existed in the 20th century from the coal burning industries of the early... ... What Is Air Pollution?. Introduction:. Air pollution in its great magnitude has existed in the 20th century from the coal ... Air Pollution Safe Limits. Pollutant...........................Safe Exposure (8 h/day, 5 days/wk). Asbestos ... Air pollution is also causing devastation for the environment; many of these causes are by man made gases like sulphur dioxide ...

https://everything2.com/title/air+pollution

New small, optical nano-sensor could soon measure air pollution Air pollution is responsible for 550,000 premature deaths a ... Inhaling irritant that mimics air pollution changes defensive heart-lung reflex for hypertension Air pollution significantly ... Acute air pollution exposure may increase risk for NICU admissions Infants born to women exposed to high levels of air ... Living environment, air pollution may be linked to increased risk of hypertension A new study soon to appear in the Journal of ...

https://www.news-medical.net/?tag=/Air+Pollution

... plus indoor air pollution can be as dangerous, or more, than outdoor air pollution. ... plus indoor air pollution can be as dangerous, or more, than outdoor air pollution. ... Ninety-two percent of the world population breathes polluted air; a toxic environment is responsible for 1 of every 4 deaths ... Ninety-two percent of the world population breathes polluted air; a toxic environment is responsible for 1 of every 4 deaths ...

https://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2018/01/31/reduce-indoor-air-pollution.aspx?utm_source=prnl&utm_medium=email&utm_content=art1&utm_campaign=20180131Z1_prnl_v2_31&et_cid=DM188075&et_rid=199343404

Breathing dirty air may increase the risk for kidney problems, a study in U.S. veterans suggests. ... She noted that people can reduce their personal exposure to PM air pollution with indoor air filtration and, in heavily ... "Air pollution is a risk factor for kidney disease development," Dr. Ziyad Al-Aly of the Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care ... "Air pollution is bad for everyone. Those that are frail or have known chronic diseases are the most vulnerable, in general. ...

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-pollution-kidneys/air-pollution-linked-to-kidney-disease-risk-idUSKCN1C22K7

What is the difference between urban outdoor air pollution and indoor air pollution? Does urban air outdoor pollution ... What is the difference between ambient air pollution and urban outdoor air pollution? ... Background information on urban outdoor air pollution. What are the most polluted cities in the world? Does WHO rank or compare ... This is the first crucial step to identify if there is an outdoor air pollution problem and to begin to take corrective action ...

http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/background_information/en/index3.html

Other Air Pollution. Learn about smog, soot, ozone, and other air pollution, as well as EPA programs to reduce them. ... Transportation, Air Pollution, and Climate Change. Accomplishments & Successes View successes from the Clean Air Act, ... Carbon Pollution. Learn about transportation and climate change, as well as EPA programs to reduce carbon pollution. ... EPAs Office of Transportation and Air Quality: *Key issues, websites and programs ...

https://www.epa.gov/air-pollution-transportation

UNICEF has issued a report on the effects of world air pollution, saying it leads to the deaths of more children yearly than ... UNICEF said its air pollution report uses satellite imagery to show the global scope of the air pollution problem. ... Minimize childrens exposure to air pollution by keeping schools away from factories and other pollution sources and using ... The outdoor air pollution is most common in low-income, urban areas and is caused by vehicle emissions, heavy use of fossil ...

https://www.cnn.com/2016/10/30/health/air-pollution-children-unicef/

Not doing something about the increasing air pollution throughout the world may be literally quite spineless. ... You may have bones to pick with air pollution, according to a pair of studies published in The Lancet Planetary Health. ... says so in their WHO Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database. It is true that air quality did improve in some parts of the ... not doing something about the increasing air pollution throughout the world may be literally quite spineless. Who says that air ...

https://www.forbes.com/sites/brucelee/2017/11/11/what-air-pollution-can-do-to-your-bones-and-osteoporosis/

WASHINGTON (AP) - The Environmental Protection Agency is revoking a Trump-era rule that overhauled how the agency evaluates air pollutants, a move the Biden administration says will make it easier to enact limits on dangerous and climate-changing emissions. (ap.org)
Addition of the three air pollutants to the statistical model attenuated the predicted unemployment rate effect by about 17 percent, consistent with a substantial role for air pollution. (nih.gov)
The authors investigated how air pollutants fluctuate with macroeconomic conditions and whether these variations help to explain observed fluctuations in mortality rates between the years of 1982 and 2009. (nih.gov)
They - 1) combined county-level data on overall, cause-specific, and age-specific mortality with county-level measures of ambient concentrations for three types of air pollutants (carbon monoxide, PM10, and ozone) and unemployment rates and 2) analyzed the relationship between macroeconomic conditions, air pollution, and mortality rates using regression techniques and panel data methods to control for demographic and pollution variables as well as state-by-year fixed effects. (nih.gov)
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution also publishes manuscripts on novel methods used in the study of environmental pollutants, environmental toxicology, environmental biology, novel environmental engineering related to pollution, biodiversity as influenced by pollution, novel environmental biotechnology as applied to pollution (e.g. bioremediation), environmental modelling and biorestoration of polluted environments. (springer.com)
The chemical atmospheric model EMAC used by the researchers for their current study is the first to include all five major air pollutants known to negatively impact human health: nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometres which are regarded as particularly harmful. (redorbit.com)
Field studies of human exposure to air pollutants indicate that indoor air levels of many pollutants may be two to five times, and on occasion more than one hundred times, higher than outdoor levels. (encyclopedia.com)
There are various sources of indoor air pollutants in any building. (encyclopedia.com)
We investigate the contribution of air pollution to the procyclicality of deaths by combining state-level data on overall, cause-specific, and age-specific mortality rates with state-level measures of ambient concentrations of three types of pollutants and the unemployment rate. (nber.org)
It was so laden with pollutants that each drop seemed to hit the pavement with a thud, but for the first time in nearly a week, the air did not taste like ashes, the skies did not appear ablaze, and no one needed masks to breathe. (latimes.com)
The researchers found that exposure to air pollutants like nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) made women 5 percent more likely to give birth to lower weight babies. (motherjones.com)
TEHRAN - As several cities in Tehran province are experiencing severe air pollution, high concentration of industrial and residential units as well as large amounts of emissions produced by vehicles and landfill sites are among the major sources of pollutants choking the ancient city of Shahr-e Rey, southern Tehran. (tehrantimes.com)
But the air pollutants released from natural materials pose very little health threat, only the natural radioactive gas radon poses any threat to health. (everything2.com)
So much of the air pollutants being released into the atmosphere are all results of man's activities. (everything2.com)
Because of the high-density population of cities and towns, the number of people exposed to air pollutants is great. (everything2.com)
In the UK, industries and utilities that use tall smokestacks by means of removing air pollutants only boost them higher into the atmosphere, thereby only reducing the concentration at their site. (everything2.com)
In 1998, the London Metropolitan Police launched the 'Emissions Controlled Reduction' scheme where by traffic police would monitor the amount of pollutants being released into the air by vehicle exhausts. (everything2.com)
The plan was for traffic police to stop vehicles randomly on roads leading into the city of London, the officer would then measure the amounts of air pollutants being released using a CO 2 measuring reader fixed in the owner's vehicle's exhaust. (everything2.com)
Recent research 12 demonstrates two widespread pollutants - nitrogen dioxide (traffic-related air pollution) and PM2.5 (fine-particle pollution) - disrupt sleep and decrease sleep efficiency (a measure of the time spent actually sleeping as opposed to lying in bed awake). (mercola.com)
Developed countries have made great strides in reducing outdoor air pollution and protecting children from indoor pollutants," Lake said. (cnn.com)
Pollutants in the air may interfere with your body's complex processes. (forbes.com)
2019) found that average concentrations of pollutants fell in Chinese cities by 12% from 2017 to 2018, while the capital Beijing has fallen out of the top 100 polluted cities following concerted efforts to get air pollution under control. (outlookindia.com)
While emissions of most air pollutants remain on a downward trend, ammonia emissions continued to rise in 2016.The EEA briefing, 'National Emission Ceilings (NEC) Directive reporting status 2018' presents progress made by the EU and its Member States in meeting the emission ceilings that are applicable since 2010 set out in the NEC Directive (2016/2284/EU). (finchannel.com)
Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulphur oxides (SOx) dropped by 3.7% and 15.1%, respectively, across the EU, according to the EEA report, which tracks the emissions of key air pollutants over past years. (finchannel.com)
The protocol also sets emission 'ceilings' or limits for a range of air pollutants that have to be met from 2010 onwards, which for Member States are either equivalent to or less ambitious than those specified for 2010 in the European Union NEC Directive. (finchannel.com)
Moreover, several air pollutants also contribute to climate change. (finchannel.com)
Encouraging the use of cycling, improving public transport and shifting to less polluting fuels are some of the top measures EU Member States are using to reduce emissions and impacts of those two most harmful air pollutants, according to a second new EEA briefing 'Improving Europe's air quality - measures reported by countries' published on July 9. (finchannel.com)
It focused on two classes of hazardous air pollutants: inhalable particulate matter (PM) with a diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers (PM 2.5 ) and of less than 10 micrometers (PM 10 ). (scientificamerican.com)
Pollutants in the air have the same effect on kids with asthma as other triggers. (kidshealth.org)
If allergens in the air are an asthma trigger, pollutants can make the lungs even more sensitive to them. (kidshealth.org)
The interactive infographic below examines the gaps in data and understanding for four health-relevant air pollutants (particulate matter, ozone, mercury and persistent organic pollutants) and describes what is needed to design the next-generation indicators to address them. (scientificamerican.com)
Particulate matter is one of several "criteria" air pollutants classified as especially dangerous to public health and welfare under the Clean Air Act. (commondreams.org)
Project 1: Exposures to Air Pollutants and Birth Outcomes. (reference.com)
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies types of air pollutants based on their link with cancer. (cancer.ca)
It removes stale indoor air and reduces indoor air pollutants. (cancer.ca)
This harm occurs either via direct exposure to air pollutants, or indirectly via pollutants transported through the air, deposited, and then accumulated in the food chain. (europa.eu)
Furthermore, certain air pollutants affect the climate system by triggering positive or negative changes in global radiative forcing (see SOER 2015 briefing on the air and climate system ). (europa.eu)
These plans are required to bring concentrations of air pollutants to levels below the EU legislative limit and target values. (europa.eu)
Emissions of the main air pollutants in Europe have declined in recent decades (Figure 1), resulting in generally improved air quality across the region. (europa.eu)
The Korean Ministry of Environment monitors and regulates emissions of air pollutants and hazardous air substances under the Clean Air Conservation Act. (trade.gov)
As of 2020, South Korea enforces regulatory limits on 11 air pollutants and 32 hazardous air substances which are up from 11 air pollutants and 18 hazardous air substances in the previous bill. (trade.gov)
A small number of facilities, 622 or 6 percent of the total number, represented 75 percent of the total damage costs resulting from air pollutants, such as heavy metals, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide greenhouse gases. (enn.com)
The ongoing pollution "red alert" in Beijing may affect northern Japan, a model of weather patterns suggests, although pollutants will be well within safe limits when they arrive. (japantimes.co.jp)
Even though air quality in Europe has improved over recent decades, the levels of air pollutants still exceed EU standards and the most stringent World Health Organization guidelines. (europa.eu)
Air pollutants are emitted from both man-made and natural sources. (europa.eu)
Emissions of the five most harmful air pollutants, including particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH3) reduced across the European Union between 2017 and 2018 according to updated data published today by the European Environment Agency (EEA). (europa.eu)
In 2018, the European Union met all air pollution limit ceilings set for total emissions of the four key pollutants monitored under EU rules. (europa.eu)
This report provides a comprehensive assessment of the economic consequences of outdoor air pollution in the coming decades, focusing on the impacts on mortality, morbidity, and changes in crop yields as caused by high concentrations of pollutants. (oecd.org)
Unless more stringent policies are adopted, findings point to a significant increase in global emissions and concentrations of air pollutants, with severe impacts on human health and the environment. (oecd.org)
The report projects the market costs of outdoor air pollution (focusing on labour productivity, health care expenditures due to illness and changes in crop yields) using a modelling approach, which links economic activity to emissions of air pollutants, concentrations, biophysical impacts and finally feedback effects from these impacts on the economy. (oecd.org)
Increasing economic growth and energy demand will lead to a significant increase in global emissions of air pollutants. (oecd.org)
And a key limitation of the study, he and his colleagues note, is that it did not have direct measurements of the women's personal exposure to various air pollutants. (reuters.com)
In theory, high levels of air pollutants could affect pregnancy outcomes for several reasons, according to Legro. (reuters.com)
While scientists have long tallied the health costs of air pollution in asthma, lung disease and cardiovascular disease, the impact of air pollutants on brain health has only begun to come to light. (latimes.com)
All three of these biomedical research methods suggest that exposure to high levels of fine air pollutants increases both dementia's classic behavioral signs of disorientation and memory loss as well as its less obvious hallmarks. (latimes.com)
A year later, a team led by Alzheimer's disease researcher Dr. Samuel Gandy at Mt. Sinai in New York first established that air pollutants induced inflammation, cell death and the buildup of amyloid protein in the brains of mice. (latimes.com)
Idling vehicles result in the release of a number of pollutants, including fine particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, carbon dioxide, and toxic air pollutants. (stlouisco.com)
The National Air Pollution Monitoring Network (NABEL) and cantonal and urban monitoring networks provide information on current concentrations of the principal pollutants. (admin.ch)
Underlying the study is the authors' hypothesis that, if ambient air pollution can influence the development of lung cancer, then inhaled pollutants may also drive tumor progression "through the same mechanistic pathways to shorten survival after diagnosis. (medscape.com)
They estimated the average residential exposures to air pollutants from diagnosis to the end of follow-up, and this information was applied to all-cause mortality and lung cancer-specific mortality by stage and tumor histology at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)
The researchers compared these data with the concentrations of air pollutants at the place of residence of the participants, which they estimated using predictive models based on repeated measurements at 20 sites (for particle measurements) and at 40 sites (for nitrogen dioxide measurements) in the city and in the rural counties. (eurekalert.org)
The authors are also concerned that the concentrations of air pollutants, though below EU threshold values, are still above the proposed guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO). (eurekalert.org)
In a meta-analysis from 2015 the same authors concluded that there is an association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and the development of type 2 diabetes. (eurekalert.org)
The researchers used publicly available data and calculated factors, such as current vegetation cover, county-level emissions from air pollutants and land area available for restoration, to determine the potential benefits of NBS across the U.S. Next, they calculated the financial aspect of implementing NBS to mitigate various air pollutants. (eurekalert.org)
In the Great Smog of 1952 , pollutants from factories and home fireplaces mixed with air condensation killed at least 4,000 people in London over the course of several days. (history.com)
The ALA defines particle pollution (formerly referred to as soot) as "the most dangerous, and deadly, of the widespread outdoor air pollutants. (history.com)
Water pollution intensified with the advent of the Industrial Revolution, when factories began releasing pollutants directly into rivers and streams. (history.com)
There are different types of air pollutants, such as gases (such as ammonia, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, nitrous oxides, methane and chlorofluorocarbons), particulates (both organic and inorganic), and biological molecules. (wikipedia.org)
Individual reactions to air pollutants depend on the type of pollutant a person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, and the individual's health status and genetics. (wikipedia.org)
Rather, they form in the air when primary pollutants react or interact. (wikipedia.org)
One of the most prominent air pollutants, this reddish-brown toxic gas has a characteristic sharp, biting odor. (wikipedia.org)

The study presents evidence for the first time that long-term exposure to ozone and fine-particulate pollution have separate, independent effects on mortality, and that they seem to impact different parts of the body," Jerrett tells WebMD. (webmd.com)
The benefits of living in a walkable neighborhood could be diminished by increased exposure to traffic-related air pollution, suggests a study led by St. Michael's Hospital and ICES, a non-profit research institute that uses population-based health information to produce knowledge on a broad range of health care issues. (news-medical.net)
She noted that people can reduce their personal exposure to PM air pollution with indoor air filtration and, in heavily polluted cities, wearing a validated respirator N95 facemask. (reuters.com)
Minimize children's exposure to air pollution by keeping schools away from factories and other pollution sources and using cleaner cookstoves in homes. (cnn.com)
In a separate study, research identified a link between low birth-weight and exposure to air pollution. (bbc.co.uk)
In addition to active and passive smoking, atmospheric pollution exposure is a highly prevalent and controllable risk factor for low birth-weight. (bbc.co.uk)
Lead author Dr Marie Pedersen from the Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology in Barcelona, Spain, observed: "The widespread exposure of pregnant women worldwide to urban ambient air pollution at similar or even higher concentrations than those assessed in our study provides a clear message to policymakers to improve the quality of the air we all share. (bbc.co.uk)
The thorn in the side of many studies of air-pollution exposure and impact on fetal growth has been the variability in study design and in exposure assessment," says Leonardo Trasande, a children's environmental-health researcher at New York University in New York City. (scientificamerican.com)
and the mothers' exposure to air pollution during pregnancy was estimated rather than measured directly. (scientificamerican.com)
Epidemiologists are concerned that some of the effects of a mother's exposure to air pollution may not be seen until several decades after her children are born. (scientificamerican.com)
Earlier research also found an autism-pollution connection, including a 2010 study that found the risk of autism doubled if a mother, during her third trimester, lived near a freeway, a proxy for exposure to particulates. (yahoo.com)
Evidence that a mother-to-be's exposure to air pollution affects her child's risk of autism "is becoming quite strong," said Harvard epidemiologist Marc Weisskopf, who led the study, suggesting a way to reduce the risk. (yahoo.com)
May 10, 2010 -- More evidence reveals that short- and long-term exposure to air pollution directly increases the likelihood of heart attack , stroke, or other cardiovascular problems, leading physicians to issue new recommendations to help people reduce their risk. (webmd.com)
There is a strong link between air pollution exposure and ischemic heart disease, which reduces the blood supply to the heart. (webmd.com)
Informing people with, or at high risk for, cardiovascular disease of the dangers associated with air pollution and the steps that can be taken minimize exposure. (webmd.com)
The way exposure to polluted air can affect the cognitive development of babies and children. (popsci.com)
It was known to be toxic , and concern over its health effects spurred fights for regulation, but it wasn't until the 1980s that researchers linked even low levels of lead exposure to an increased risk for cognitive and behavioral problems in children-just as scientists are starting to do for air pollution now. (popsci.com)
Cory-Slechta actually started out studying the effects of lead exposure, and she was skeptical when she first heard air pollution might pose similar dangers. (popsci.com)
And this was a full two months after the exposure to air pollution had ended," Cory-Slechta says. (popsci.com)
Animal studies, where researchers can more strictly control the pollution exposure, back up the results from those human reports. (popsci.com)
The widespread inflammation seen in mouse brains after air pollution exposure, like Cory-Slechta observed in her initial studies, can damage neurons , and, during development, prevent the brain from organizing itself properly. (popsci.com)
The use of sentinel laboratory animals exposed in situ is a powerful experimental approach for assessing air pollution hazards because it combines the controlled elements of laboratory studies with direct exposure to ambient pollution levels ( 11 , 12 ). (pnas.org)
Here, we compare germline ESTR mutation rates in laboratory mice exposed to ambient air at an industrial site near integrated steel mills to those exposed at a rural reference location, with the objective of testing inhalation of industrial air pollution as a route of chemical mutagen exposure. (pnas.org)
The researchers found that the greater a pregnant woman's exposure to air pollution, the more likely she was to develop a condition called intrauterine inflammation. (medicinenet.com)
It only shows an association between exposure to air pollution and the pregnancy complication. (medicinenet.com)
Outdoor air pollution is a modifiable environmental exposure that affects all sectors of society. (reference.com)
Does the exposure to air pollution increase the risk of birth defects or premature birth? (reference.com)
The risk for lung cancer increases with more exposure to air pollution and particulate matter. (cancer.ca)
You can reduce your exposure to air pollution. (cancer.ca)
Both short-term and long-term exposure to air pollution harms health . (europa.eu)
Air and noise pollution, the impacts of climate change such as heatwaves, and exposure to dangerous chemicals cause ill health in Europe. (europa.eu)
The team found that when the study trees were under stress, either because of a physical wound or because of exposure to an irritant such as ozone pollution, they began sharply increasing their uptake of oVOCs. (enn.com)
Several studies have linked exposure to air pollution during pregnancy to an increased risk of preterm delivery and low birthweight. (reuters.com)
In the last year, the World Heritage Organisation has identified air pollution as the world's largest single environmental health risk, with around 7 million people dying annually - one in seven of the total global deaths - as a result of air pollution exposure, more than doubling the previous estimates. (wessex.ac.uk)
Exposure to air pollution after a diagnosis of lung cancer can negatively affect survival, according to a new study published online August 4 in Thorax . (medscape.com)
Seven million people died from exposure to air pollution around the world in 2012, according to new estimates from the World Health Organization (WHO) published Tuesday. (msnbc.com)
Some companies advised employees to avoid exposure to toxic air and work from home. (rte.ie)
Exposure to air pollution at the place of residence increases the risk of developing insulin resistance as a pre-diabetic state of type 2 diabetes. (eurekalert.org)
Moreover, the association between increased exposure to air pollution and respiratory and cardiovascular diseases has now been clearly established. (eurekalert.org)
2016). Association between long-term exposure to air pollution and biomarkers related to insulin resistance, subclinical inflammation and adipokines. (eurekalert.org)
A pregnant woman's exposure to outdoor air pollution may increase the risk of her baby being born at a lower birth weight, according to a large multinational study. (foxnews.com)
Altogether, researchers analyzed data from roughly 3 million pregnancies and births, making this the largest study to date to assess the relationship between maternal air pollution exposure and low birth weight . (foxnews.com)
Previous studies assessing the relationship between maternal exposure to air pollution and a variety of adverse pregnancy outcomes, including low birth weight, preterm birth, stillbirth and congenital abnormalities, have turned up mixed results. (foxnews.com)
Nobody knows for sure exactly how a mother's air pollution exposure may influence her infant's birth weight. (foxnews.com)
It's impossible to say from this study what impact reducing personal air pollution exposure may have on individual pregnancies. (foxnews.com)
However, "there are so many studies showing the negative health effects of air pollution that it is always a good idea to try to reduce exposure when possible," said Guidry. (foxnews.com)
The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recommends that people reduce their exposure to air pollution particles by avoiding strenuous exercise outdoors in areas and at times when air pollution is high. (foxnews.com)

At present, urban outdoor air pollution causes 1.3 million estimated deaths per year worldwide, according to the World Health Organisation. (redorbit.com)
Indoor air pollution can be as dangerous, or more, than outdoor air pollution. (mercola.com)
What many fail to consider is that indoor air pollution may actually be as dangerous, or more, than outdoor air pollution. (mercola.com)
WHO therefore cannot compare cities based on their levels of outdoor air pollution. (who.int)
Rather, WHO has brought together information on urban outdoor air pollution collected by cities worldwide in order to raise awareness and facilitate adequate responses to protect public health from the adverse impacts of outdoor air pollution. (who.int)
This is the first crucial step to identify if there is an outdoor air pollution problem and to begin to take corrective action. (who.int)
The outdoor air pollution is most common in low-income, urban areas and is caused by vehicle emissions, heavy use of fossil fuels, dust and burning of waste, the report said. (cnn.com)
In a study of more than 220,000 US births published last month, Trasande and his colleagues found that outdoor air pollution was associated with longer hospital stays and greater health-care costs. (scientificamerican.com)
Most types of outdoor air pollution are a mixture of many harmful substances, including particulate matter (small particles in the air), sulphur oxides, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). (cancer.ca)
Radon, diesel engine exhaust and outdoor air pollution are known to cause cancer and are classified as known carcinogens. (cancer.ca)
There is now strong evidence that outdoor air pollution also causes lung cancer. (cancer.ca)
A recent review of evidence found a link between outdoor air pollution and an increased risk of bladder cancer . (cancer.ca)
The market impacts of outdoor air pollution are projected to lead to significant economic costs, which are illustrated at the regional and sectoral levels, and to substantial annual global welfare costs. (oecd.org)
The projections thus reflect the costs of inaction of outdoor air pollution. (oecd.org)
This report seeks to address this gap through a detailed economic modelling framework that links outdoor air pollution to economic growth and welfare. (oecd.org)
The report focuses on the impacts of outdoor air pollution caused by high concentrations of particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) and ground level ozone for the period 2015-2060. (oecd.org)
In particular, premature deaths from outdoor air pollution in 2010 amounted to around 3 million people, while they are projected to be 6-9 million in 2060. (oecd.org)
The market impacts of outdoor air pollution are projected to lead to global economic costs that gradually increase to 1% of global GDP by 2060. (oecd.org)
The annual global welfare (non-market) costs of these premature deaths from outdoor air pollution, calculated using estimates of the individual willingness-to-pay to reduce the risk of premature death, are projected to be USD 18-25 trillion in 2060. (oecd.org)
She pointed out that the International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies outdoor air pollution, especially particulate matter, as a human carcinogen on the basis of evidence of an association with lung cancer. (medscape.com)
The highest number of casualties for the year occurred in low- and middle-income countries in Southeast Asia and the Western Pacific regions, where there were 3.3 million deaths associated with indoor air pollution and 2.6 million casualties related to outdoor air pollution, according to the research. (msnbc.com)
Stroke, heart disease, and pulmonary disease were the three leading illnesses that led to death from both indoor and outdoor air pollution. (msnbc.com)
Poll: Are you concerned about indoor and outdoor air pollution affecting your health? (msnbc.com)
While some of the studies have found a strong association between outdoor air pollution and fetal growth, others have not. (foxnews.com)
Outdoor air pollution alone causes 2.1 to 4.21 million deaths annually. (wikipedia.org)

Particle pollution - also called particulate matter (PM) - is made up of particles (tiny pieces) of solids or liquids that are in the air. (cdc.gov)
Some particles are big enough (or appear dark enough) to see - for example, you can often see smoke in the air. (cdc.gov)
Toxic air pollution particles lodge themselves deep in our lungs and enter our bloodstreams - with serious health effects. (greenpeace.org)
A consensus is building that air pollution can cause neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, but how fine, sooty particles cause problems in the brain is still an unanswered question. (news-medical.net)
Although there is ample evidence that air pollution--specifically airborne particulate matter--is associated with an increased risk of premature death, it is still not known which specific particles are responsible for this effect. (news-medical.net)
When we confront it, it is generally through visuals of the outside air, dark and grayish with a pungent and stark mix of smog, dust, and minute particles that we do not even feel. (outlookindia.com)
Some of the looks are reminiscent of burqas, covering the entire head and face, with just the eyes of the wearer exposed -- but it will sure keep the body protected from air particles. (cnn.com)
The air quality index measures ozone, carbon monoxide and particles, basically the stuff in the air, and the scale - the index scale that we use for particulate matter here in the U.S. goes from zero to 500. (npr.org)
Of the different sizes of particles that can become suspended in air, fine particulate matter appears to be most strongly associated with adverse effects. (webmd.com)
SAN FRANCISCO - The Center for Biological Diversity today filed suit against the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for failing to meet numerous deadlines for limiting dangerous pollution from tiny airborne particles. (commondreams.org)
Particulate matter, also known as PM-10, is air pollution made up of tiny particles smaller than 10 microns in diameter (about 10 times smaller than the width of the average human hair). (commondreams.org)
Monitoring of ambient air quality parameters, such as total suspended particles (TSP), sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monitrogen oxideide, hydrocarbons, and lead, in Jakarta indicates that the condition is concerning. (esri.com)
There's also only a thin barrier between the nasal cavity and the brain, and tiny particles of air pollution can pass directly through. (popsci.com)
Air pollution is chemicals, particles and other materials in the air in amounts that could damage the environment or harm the health or comfort of humans, animals, and plants. (cancer.ca)
Published Tuesday in the journal Translational Psychiatry, the research looks at a large population of American women, at lab mice, and at brain tissue in petri dishes to establish a link between serious cognitive decline and the very fine particles of pollution emitted by motor vehicles, power plants and the burning of biomass products such as wood. (latimes.com)
The local environmental emergency and heavy pollution warning center attributed the serious air pollution to dust and PM2.5, airborne particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers in diameter. (chinadaily.com.cn)
The fats that clog arteries apparently work in conjunction with air pollution particles to trigger the genes behind inflammation, which leads to increased lesions in the clogged arteries, and the potential for thrombi, and resultant heart attacks or strokes. (motherjones.com)
Concentrations of fine particles and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are back to where they were a year ago, according to data from the Centre for Research on Energy and Clean Air (Crea). (inhabitat.com)
NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Breathing in soot and other fine particles from the urban air may increase the risk of suffering a deadly heart stoppage, suggests a new study of more than 8,000 cardiac arrests in New York City. (reuters.com)
Controlling air pollution may be a preventative way to decrease the number of deaths from heart disease," noted Silverman, pointing out that the levels of fine particles seen in their study rarely exceeded the current EPA standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter. (reuters.com)
The study could also help further the understanding of how aerosols - tiny air particles caused naturally and by human activity such as burning fossil fuels - affect the formation of rain clouds, researchers said. (chinadaily.com.cn)
Air pollution is composed of particles and gases that can have negative impacts on both the environment and human health. (eurekalert.org)
The researchers found that for every 10-microgram increase of pollution particles per cubic meter of air, birth weight decreased by 8.9 grams, roughly one-third of an ounce, and infants were 3 percent more likely to be a low birth weight. (foxnews.com)
The inflammatory compound quinolinic acid has been directly linked to suicidal thoughts , and research has further connected suicide rates with the level of inflammation-promoting particles in the air. (livescience.com)

Around 2 billion children live in places with outdoor pollution exceeding World Health Organization air quality guidelines, the report said. (cnn.com)
The map is similar to one released recently by the World Health Organization that shows 92% of the world's population lives in places where outdoor air quality fails to meet WHO guidelines. (cnn.com)
The World Health Organization has said that roughly half of the world's urban population is exposed to pollution at least 2.5 times higher than it recommends. (cnn.com)
The World Health Organization calls air pollution the world's " largest single environmental health risk ," and it leads to the premature deaths of millions annually. (popsci.com)
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), fine dust or Particulate matter (PM) in the air is a serious health threat in Korea as it contains nitrates, black carbon and mineral dust with aerodynamic diameters of less than 2.5 micrometers ( ㎛ ) that can be inhaled to penetrate the cardiovascular system. (trade.gov)
Nine out of 10 people around the world breathe polluted air, according to a report released Wednesday by the World Health Organization (WHO). (usatoday.com)
The World Health Organization revised its air quality guideline levels of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in 2006 in light of new scientific evidence. (wikipedia.org)

Greenpeace East Asia investigates, reports and takes action on the urgent issue of air pollution in China, by campaigning against China's biggest cause of air pollution- coal. (greenpeace.org)
China's war against air pollution is part of a broader reckoning with the health and environmental catastrophe wrought by rapid industrialization over the past few decades. (nationalgeographic.com)
Kaiwen map , a site where people can report environmental conditions in their area, and the Beijing Air Quality Forecast blog are two sites Grzesik finds helpful for analysing China's air quality. (cnn.com)
Last weekend, air pollution in Beijing reached record highs, raising concerns about the cost of China's rapid industrialization. (npr.org)
David Pettit, of the Natural Resources Defense Council, discusses the pollution problem in China's capital, and why severe smog can be deadly. (npr.org)
Last weekend, air pollution levels in Beijing hit a record high, cloaking China's capital in a thick smog and forcing residents inside. (npr.org)
China, for example, is taking serious strides to clean up its air, and the WHO said India should follow China's example. (usatoday.com)
SHIJIAZHUANG -- North China's Hebei province has been shrouded in heavy air pollution since Monday, with the average daily air quality index (AQI) in some cities soaring. (chinadaily.com.cn)
Hebei, Beijing's neighbor and home to several of the country's top 10 most polluted cities, is at the forefront of China's fight against air pollution. (chinadaily.com.cn)
According to the study published in the Journal of Geophysical Research, air pollution in China's industrial east appears to have significantly reduced light rainfall over the past 50 years, raising the possibility that cutting pollution could ease a severe drought in the country's northeast. (chinadaily.com.cn)
China's State Environment Protection Agency (SEPA) is responsible for measuring the level of air pollution in China. (wikipedia.org)
China's new Air Quality Index: How does it measure up? (wikipedia.org)

LOS ANGELES (AP) - Amid a drought that followed a year of historic wildfires exacerbated by a warming planet, California's governor on Friday proposed spending a record $11 billion on programs to combat climate change, promote clean air, shore up water supplies and prevent wildfires. (ap.org)
[6] They have been introduced in Germany to increase the use of renewables, such as wind power , biomass , hydropower , geothermal power , and photovoltaics , thereby reducing GHG emissions causing air pollution and combating climate change. (wikipedia.org)
This has now developed from controlling air pollution to being a leader in climate change politics. (wikipedia.org)
Pozzer and his colleagues studied the impact of man-made emissions on air quality, assuming past emission trends continue and no additional climate change and air pollution reduction measures beyond what is in place since 2005 are implemented. (redorbit.com)
He linked climate change and air pollution to the risk factors for noncommunicable diseases, placing particular emphasis on lack of physical activity which with consequent impacts on health. (who.int)
They further point out that scientists predict "more intense, longer lasting and/or more frequent" extreme heat episodes in the future due to climate change-which, as we know, is also a nasty side effect of air pollution. (motherjones.com)
Learn about transportation and climate change, as well as EPA programs to reduce carbon pollution. (epa.gov)
Poor air quality adversely affects human health , the environment, and the climate. (europa.eu)
The Trump administration has signaled it will look to scrap or substantially rewrite Obama administration regulations that tightened emissions from power plants and established tougher fuel efficiency standards for cars in an effort to curb climate change and reduce air pollution. (latimes.com)
He released his Climate Action Plan last June to cut carbon pollution, ready communities for the impacts of climate change, and lead international efforts to address global warming. (msnbc.com)
We need to embrace [children's] creativity and passion to take radical action on air pollution and climate change. (ncl.ac.uk)
The school climate strikes show that young people are forcing air pollution and the climate crisis to the top of the political agenda. (ncl.ac.uk)
What if instead there was a way to work with children in tackling air pollution and climate change? (ncl.ac.uk)
Some climate experts are hypothesizing that living in areas with high air pollution could make cases of COVID-19 worse. (inhabitat.com)
NBS are adaptable, cost-effective and can support native wildlife, making it a truly "green" solution in combatting pollution and climate change. (eurekalert.org)
Air pollution is the presence of substances in the atmosphere that are harmful to the health of humans and other living beings, or cause damage to the climate or to materials. (wikipedia.org)

The briefing complements the EEA's annual air quality report, an updated version of which will be published later in 2018. (finchannel.com)
The enforcement decree of tightening air quality guidelines for fine dust was passed in 2018. (trade.gov)

A separate EEA report on updated data from the annual European Union emission inventory report 1990-2016 under the UNECE Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution (LRTAP) shows that for the third consecutive year, ammonia emissions have increased - by 0.4% between 2015 and 2016. (finchannel.com)
THURSDAY, April 28, 2016 (HealthDay News) -- Being exposed to just a small amount of air pollution during pregnancy ups the risk of a pregnancy complication that can cause long-term health problems in children, a new study warns. (medicinenet.com)
iSCAPE (Improving the Smart Control of Air Pollution in Europe) was a European research and innovation project active from September 2016 to December 2019. (reference.com)
The Korean Ministry of Environment notes that the South Korean air pollution control market was worth $4.6 billion in 2016, decreasing from the previous year by approximately 5.9 percent. (trade.gov)
Although Korea's coal ‐ fired power plants are relatively modern and large, with newer steam parameters, in July 2016, the country's Trade Minister announced further air pollution control measures by targeting the closure of 10 thirty-year-old coal-fired power plants by 2025. (trade.gov)
In 2016, 40,000 lives were cut short by air pollution in the United Kingdom, with sick and vulnerable people, the elderly and children being particularly at risk. (greenpeace.org.uk)

Investigators used a panel dataset to analyze the relationship between air pollutant levels (carbon monoxide, PM10, and ozone), county-level mortality rates (overall, age-, and cause-specific), and county-level unemployment rates between 1982 and 2009. (nih.gov)
This "ozone pollution" is a main part of smog - the brownish-yellow haze often seen hanging over cities on the horizon. (kidshealth.org)
TEHRAN - Following consistent ozone pollution in Tehran's hot season, motorcycles running on carbureted engines are considered as the main contributors to air pollution, Khabaronline reported on Wednesday. (tehrantimes.com)
This reduction of temperature not only lowers energy use, it also improves air quality, as the formation of ozone is dependent on temperature. (enn.com)
The authors used four different air pollution measures (PM 10 , PM 2.5 , NO 2 , and ozone), which were calculated by using data from US Environmental Protection Agency air quality monitoring stations and then mapped to the residential addresses of each individual at the time of diagnosis. (medscape.com)
However, in 2007, almost half (46 percent) of all Americans resided in counties with unhealthy levels of either ozone or particle pollution, according to the American Lung Association (ALA). Ozone, or smog, is described by the ALA as "an irritating, invisible gas that is formed most often by a reaction of sunlight and vapors emitted when fuel is burned by cars and trucks, factories, power plants and other sources. (history.com)
Moreover, for long term effects, air pollution will it destroy our ozone layer, and will be worse to inhale the air. (answers.com)

An air pollutant is a substance in the air that can have adverse effects on humans and the ecosystem. (wikipedia.org)
TEHRAN - The results of a study by Iranian researchers shows that the concentration of particulate matter (PM2.5) as the most important pollutant in Tehran air during the coronavirus outbreak has increased by about 20 percent compared to the same period last year. (tehrantimes.com)
You can reduce indoor air pollution by getting rid of the source of the pollutant and lowering indoor emissions. (cancer.ca)
This data viewer provides access to the latest air pollutant emission inventory reported to EEA by EU Member States under the National Emission reduction Commitments (NEC) Directive. (europa.eu)
An index measuring the level of a deadly air pollutant hit 484 on a scale of 500 today, the government's Central Pollution Control Board - the worst this year. (rte.ie)
To protect public health, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has set the safe air quality standard for this pollutant to 35 micrograms per cubic meter. (reuters.com)
In these individuals, the association between increases in their blood marker levels and increases in air pollutant concentrations is particularly significant! (eurekalert.org)
The air quality in Malaysia is reported as the API (Air Pollutant Index) or in Malay as IPU (Indeks Pencemaran Udara). (wikipedia.org)
Air pollution Air quality index Atmospheric dispersion modeling Emission standard European emission standards Haze Pollutant Standards Index Smog Hsu, Angel. (wikipedia.org)

DENVER (AP) - A new report says Colorado will fall drastically short of its goals for cutting greenhouse-gas emissions without more ambitious targets and enforceable limits on pollution, a feature of a bill in the legislature that has Gov. Jared Polis threatening a veto. (ap.org)
These instruments include the Federal Emission Control Act and Implementing Ordinances, Technical Instructions on Air Quality Control (TA Luft) , Amendment to Ordinance on Small Firing Installations, Implementation of the directive on industrial emissions, and Transboundary air pollution control policy. (wikipedia.org)
On those days the air is highly polluted with automobile and industrial emissions what makes breathing difficult and unhealthy. (redorbit.com)
Therefor Andrea Pozzer and his colleagues studied the impact of man-made emissions on air quality in different regions of the earth. (redorbit.com)
Our study shows that further legislation to control and reduce man-made emissions is needed, in particular for eastern China and northern India, to avoid hot-spots of elevated air pollution," says Andrea Pozzer of the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz, whose latest research findings are published in the current issue of 'Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics', a journal of the European Geosciences Union. (redorbit.com)
The FINANCIAL -- Emissions from agriculture and transport continue to pose problems for European Union Member States in meeting EU and United Nations air pollution limits, according to updated data published by the European Environment Agency. (finchannel.com)
If emissions and degraded ambient air quality have negative effects on morbidity and mortality, then those effects occur regardless of whether the emissions come from "existing" or "new" sources. (cato.org)
Gurjar BR, Butler TM, Lawrence MG, Lelieveld J. Evaluation of emissions and air quality in megacities. (springer.com)
Emissions are also addressed internationally under the 1979 Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution. (europa.eu)
This complexity has profound effects for management, with examples of policies to reduce carbon emissions having detrimental effects on local air pollution, such as encouraging the use of diesel fuels in the UK. (wessex.ac.uk)
This question of terminology has practical effects, for example as determining whether the U.S. Clean Air Act is deemed to regulate CO 2 emissions. (wikipedia.org)

Start by learning about the Air Quality Index from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (cdc.gov)
The EPA Air Quality Index external icon (AQI) tells you when air pollution is likely to reach levels that could be harmful. (cdc.gov)
For more tools to help you learn about air quality, visit Tracking Air Quality . (cdc.gov)
The four strategies the German government bases air pollution control on are laying down environmental quality standards, emission reduction requirements according to the best available technology, production regulations, and laying down emission ceilings. (wikipedia.org)
The first line of defence against this carnage is ambient air quality standards. (mcgill.ca)
Rain lashed parts of Delhi on Tuesday as the air quality remained in the "very poor" category in several areas of the national capital. (mcgill.ca)
Officials in the city of Montreal have issued the latest of several smog alerts today and they hope to improve air quality by restricting the use of wood-burning appliances made popular after the. (mcgill.ca)
Especially China, North India and the Middle East are expected to be affected by a drastic decrease in air quality. (redorbit.com)
In 2050, the air quality worldwide will be as bad as it already is nowadays in urban areas of Southeast Asia. (redorbit.com)
In the near future they want to calculate how many people would actually be affected by the harmful effects of deteriorating air quality. (redorbit.com)
A steel worker loads metal rods onto a truck in Tangshan, China, a major industrial city that is grappling with dangerous air quality in new ways. (nationalgeographic.com)
Today, officials "are very serious" about improving air quality, says Tonny Xie, director of the secretariat at the Clean Air Alliance of China. (nationalgeographic.com)
The first study, published in the Environmental Health Perspectives , looked at women who lived within five miles of air quality monitoring stations in Los Angeles County over the period of June 2004 to March 2006. (motherjones.com)
TEHRAN - Tehran air quality index (AQI) reached an unhealthy level of pollution for 18 days during summer, according to a report published by the Tehran Air Quality Control Company. (tehrantimes.com)
After the "oohs" and "ahhs" faded, some people might have wondered how the lingering gunpowder-scented smoke affected air quality. (news-medical.net)
Your body is dependent on the air you breathe and poor air quality can cause serious damage to your lungs, heart and other organ systems. (mercola.com)
This means your indoor air quality is really important to your long-term health. (mercola.com)
Paying careful attention to these two broad categories can go a long way toward improving your indoor air quality. (mercola.com)
On Twitter, however, the U.S. Embassy's BeijingAir, an air-quality monitoring app, rated the air pollution level as "hazardous. (cnn.com)
We've been using equipment imported from the U.S. to monitor air quality ever since we set up in 1987," Vice Director Hua Lei tells me. (cnn.com)
Does WHO rank or compare cities on urban outdoor air quality? (who.int)
Many cities in the world, including some expected to be among the most polluted, do not collect information or report on its outdoor air quality. (who.int)
Cities that collect and disseminate information on outdoor air quality need to be praised for their action. (who.int)
The cities which have invested in the capacity to regularly monitor and report the local air quality measurements have already demonstrated a commitment to starting to address air quality issues and public health. (who.int)
As well has urban outdoor air quality, the report also highlighted that the natural environment was also continuing to suffer. (bbc.co.uk)
The EEA also produced country-by-country breakdown of air quality data . (bbc.co.uk)
Responding to the report's findings, Environment Commissioner Janez Potocnik said: "Air quality is a central concern for many people. (bbc.co.uk)
Surveys show that a large majority of citizens understand well the impact of air quality on health and are asking public authorities to take action at EU, national and local levels. (bbc.co.uk)
Last November, the day after Diwali, the pollution level in Delhi was 999 (as per the official Air Quality Index), or 20 times the normal of 50. (outlookindia.com)
Poor air quality caused by air pollution can also harm vegetation and sensitive ecosystems. (finchannel.com)
Transport and, more specifically, traffic-related measures are the key focus of Europe-wide efforts to improve air quality, according to the briefing. (finchannel.com)
While air quality in Europe is slowly improving, high concentrations of air pollution still have significant health impacts on Europeans. (finchannel.com)
How Does Air Quality Affect People With Asthma? (kidshealth.org)
Poor air quality can cause flare-ups , and also may increase the chances of respiratory infections, like flu, that can make asthma symptoms worse. (kidshealth.org)
What Makes Air Quality Poor? (kidshealth.org)
How Can I Deal With Poor Air Quality? (kidshealth.org)
You can track air quality at the website AIRNow . (kidshealth.org)
You can also get air quality information from weather reports and apps. (kidshealth.org)
Plan any outdoor activities for early in the day, when air quality tends to be better. (kidshealth.org)
Your doctor might have more ideas on how to handle smog or poor air quality. (kidshealth.org)
But poor air quality can also trigger flare-ups , so it's important to know how to take precautions. (kidshealth.org)
How Does Air Quality Affect Asthma? (kidshealth.org)
If you live in an area with poor air quality, pay attention to pollution levels. (kidshealth.org)
On days when air quality is poor, run the air conditioning and limit your child's time outside. (kidshealth.org)
Plan any outdoor activities for early in the day - when air quality tends to be better - and avoid spending time in areas with a lot of traffic. (kidshealth.org)
Improving the air quality in your home is also wise. (kidshealth.org)
Avoid mowing your lawn or using other gasoline-powered gardening equipment until the late evening or until the air quality improves. (kidshealth.org)
Last year the Environmental Protection Agency, citing the link to asthma, lung cancer and cardiovascular disease, tightened air quality standards for fine particulate pollution. (yahoo.com)
Thomas Talhelm started worrying about the air inside his Beijing home during "airpocalypse" in 2013 when Beijing's air quality index skyrocketed to a terrifying 755 -- a 500 reading is considered hazardous for health, meaning people should avoid outdoor activity. (cnn.com)
Grzesik, who is now based in San Francisco, created the app by observing Beijing's weather reports, air quality reports and the US embassy's Air Quality Index Twitter feed. (cnn.com)
Well, last Saturday, monitors in Beijing recorded an air quality index of over 750. (npr.org)
The air quality index is a relative scale with a hundred on the air quality index, meaning that the conditions are pretty much at the United States EPA limits. (npr.org)
GIS was used to describe and visualize the current air quality conditions. (esri.com)
Ambient air quality sampling locations in the DKI Jakarta area. (esri.com)
As a result of this study, the government has carried out various efforts to overcome the problem, including producing the integrated Local Strategy and Action Plan for Urban Air Quality Improvement in DKI Jakarta, 2006 . (esri.com)
Two NASA research aircraft will fly over the Baltimore-Washington area of northeastern Maryland through July as part of a mission to enhance the measurement of ground-level air quality from space. (nasa.gov)
About 92 percent of the world's population, and more than half the people in the United States, live in areas with unhealthy air quality. (popsci.com)
Air quality trends [internet]. (springer.com)
Traffic-related air quality trends in São Paulo, Brazil. (springer.com)
TEHRAN - According to the Air Quality Control Company, 102 days of clean and good air quality have been reported in the capital since the beginning of the current Iranian calendar year (March 21). (tehrantimes.com)
Check daily air quality levels and air pollution forecasts in your area. (cancer.ca)
This information is usually provided with your weather forecast as the Air Quality Health Index . (cancer.ca)
Try to plan strenuous outdoor activities at times when the air quality is best, especially if you're sensitive to air pollution. (cancer.ca)
[ 1 ] This strategy established interim objectives for air quality and also established measures to ensure progress toward the goals of the 6 th Environment Action Programme (6 th EAP), which ran from 2002 to 2012. (europa.eu)
To move toward achieving the TSAP objectives, EU air legislation follows a twin-track approach of implementing both local air quality standards and source-based mitigation controls. (europa.eu)
At the local level, the EU requires air quality management plans to be implemented in areas where exceedances of air quality standards occur. (europa.eu)
Yonhap news reports that in 2019, South Korea registering a PM 2.5 level - the worst air quality among the 35 rich countries. (trade.gov)
To tackle this problem, the EU plans to review EU air quality legislation in 2013, but resistance from the bloc's member states is expected. (enn.com)
The European Environment Agency's European Air Quality Index allows users to understand more about air quality where they live. (europa.eu)
Displaying up-to-the-minute data for the whole of Europe, users can gain new insights into the air quality of individual countries, regions and cities. (europa.eu)
Trees are an important, cost-effective solution to reducing pollution and improving air quality. (enn.com)
Many of the world's megacities exceed WHO's guideline levels for air quality by more than five times, representing a major risk to people's health," said Maria Neira, the WHO director for environment and public health. (usatoday.com)
This is the WHO's fourth report on air quality. (usatoday.com)
The findings add to evidence that air quality may have subtle effects on reproduction. (reuters.com)
It remains unclear, however, whether poor air quality itself is responsible. (reuters.com)
The researchers used data from government air-quality monitors near each study participant's home and the fertility centers, collected over the seven-year study period. (reuters.com)
Although IVF labs are tightly controlled environments, their indoor air quality still varies, Legro said. (reuters.com)
We can't say that (for example,) poor air quality leads to poor egg quality. (reuters.com)
The general feeling is that the Air Quality Action Plans run by local authorities in the UK have been rather ineffective and failed to improve the air quality in their regions. (wessex.ac.uk)
With more than half of the world's population now inhabiting cities, it is alarming to note that only 12% of those reporting on air quality reside in cities compliant with the WHO air quality guideline levels. (wessex.ac.uk)
The enabling contribution of air quality management was also assessed. (wessex.ac.uk)
The issues of air quality, air pollution and its management were not clearly identified in any of the 17 headline goals but to varying degrees were directly or indirectly present in some of the underpinning targets or indicators within the SDG framework. (wessex.ac.uk)
Air pollution was identified in this assessment as a direct enabler for each of the individual goals whilst air quality management was assessed as an enabler for 9 goals and provided co-benefits for the other 8. (wessex.ac.uk)
The Air Pollution Control Program relies on our citizens to help in the regulation of air quality in Saint Louis County. (stlouisco.com)
Unnecessary idling is something everyone can avoid that would make a big difference in air quality. (stlouisco.com)
It was a call for action that emphasized the need for further efforts to improve air quality to protect human health. (medscape.com)
When air quality is poor, people working in offices order significantly more takeout delivery. (medicalnewstoday.com)
According to Salvo, "Air quality in the urban developing world is routinely poor, and in the past decade, the food delivery industry has been growing sharply. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In the United States, the maximum acceptable 24-hour ambient air quality is 35 micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m 3 ). (medicalnewstoday.com)
Over the years, poor air quality has even affected the view across Victoria Harbor, which separates Hong Kong Island from the Kowloon Peninsula by less than 1 kilometer (0.6 mile) at the narrowest point. (cnn.com)
He called the quality of air in Utah County the "No. 1 health problem in Utah today" and called for a change in state law to allow local governments to enact more stringent environmental controls if they desire. (deseretnews.com)
The air pollution is likely to persist in south-central and eastern regions of the province until next Monday, before a cold front improves the air quality. (chinadaily.com.cn)
This paper focuses on two regulatory measures that China has adopted to incentivize air quality improvement: publishing a daily air pollution index (API) for major cities since 2000 and linking the API to performance evaluations of local governments. (nber.org)
The Urban Observatory has been working with local councils, including Newcastle, to develop the largest Air Quality monitoring network in the country. (ncl.ac.uk)
Poor air quality harms everybody's health - and young people are among those most at risk - so we're very pleased to be working with the University and young people across the city to address this. (ncl.ac.uk)
So the team compared readings from air quality monitors around New York City with the records of 8,216 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests that happened between 2002 and 2006. (reuters.com)
The air quality is so bad that people living in Tehran or in the Hebei province of China may routinely inhale an equivalent amount of air pollution as someone who smokes a pack of cigarettes a day. (inhabitat.com)
During the severe acute respiratory syndrome [SARS] epidemic in 2003, researchers noticed a correlation between low air quality and regions with more fatalities. (inhabitat.com)
In the decades since the Clean Air Act of 1970, air quality across the U.S. has improved dramatically. (eurekalert.org)
However, according to the American Lung Association, four in 10 people in the U.S. still live in areas with poor air quality, which can result in serious health effects such as asthma, lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. (eurekalert.org)
Though the notion that suicide and air quality could be linked may not seem intuitive, similar studies in South Korea, Taiwan and Canada have also linked the two. (livescience.com)
The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. (wikipedia.org)
Indoor air pollution and poor urban air quality are listed as two of the world's worst toxic pollution problems in the 2008 Blacksmith Institute World's Worst Polluted Places report. (wikipedia.org)
Productivity losses and degraded quality of life caused by air pollution are estimated to cost the world economy $5 trillion per year. (wikipedia.org)
The Air Pollution Index (API) is a simple and generalized way to describe the air quality, which is used in Malaysia. (wikipedia.org)
In mainland China the API was replaced by an updated air quality index in early 2012 and on 30 December 2013 Hong Kong moved to a health based index. (wikipedia.org)
It was replaced by the Air Quality Health Index on 30 December 2013. (wikipedia.org)

Visibility shrank to less than half a football field and small-particle pollution soared to a record 40 times higher than an international safety standard in one northern Chinese city as the region entered its high-smog season. (yahoo.com)
The first being the widespread damages to health, due to smog, and to nature, due to acid rain, caused by air pollution. (wikipedia.org)
Smog is a kind of air pollution and results from large amounts of coal burning in an area caused by a mixture of smoke and sulfur dioxide. (wikipedia.org)
EEA executive director Hans Bruyninckx said that EU nations had made considerable progress over recent decades to reduce the visible signs of air pollution, with cities now no longer shrouded in blankets of smog. (bbc.co.uk)
People with asthma are more likely to have trouble breathing in places with polluted air or smog. (kidshealth.org)
Misty smog hangs in the air in cities like Delhi, Beijing, and Los Angeles, fracturing sunlight into a muted haze. (popsci.com)
A few years earlier, in 1948, severe industrial air pollution created a deadly smog that asphyxiated 20 people in Donora, Pennsylvania , and made 7,000 more sick. (history.com)

TEHRAN - Two football matches in Iran Professional League were postponed after the Iranian capital was cloaked in dangerously high levels of air pollution. (tehrantimes.com)
Infants born to women exposed to high levels of air pollution in the week before delivery are more likely to be admitted to a newborn intensive care unit (NICU), suggests an analysis by researchers at the National Institutes of Health. (news-medical.net)
Even a short stay for travelers in cities with high levels of air pollution leads to breathing problems that can take at least a week from which to recover, a new study shows. (news-medical.net)
Twenty years ago, we showed that high levels of air pollution led to poor pregnancy outcomes, including premature births. (medicinenet.com)
In a nationwide study that tracked the cognitive health of women between the ages of 65 and 79 for 10 years, those who had the APOE-e4 variant were nearly three times more likely to develop dementia if they were exposed to high levels of air pollution than APOE-e4 carriers who were not. (latimes.com)
The study focused on three Chinese cities that experience high levels of air pollution: Beijing, Shenyang, and Shijiazhuang. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Chinese cities are frequently plagued with high levels of air-pollution, making a good face mask a necessity. (wsj.com)

Indeed, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has noted that indoor air pollution is one of the top public health risks you face on a daily basis. (mercola.com)
To investigate whether PM might harm the kidneys as well, the researchers looked at more than eight years' worth of data on nearly 2.5 million military veterans, using county-by-county pollution data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). (reuters.com)
When it arrived in America, this spring's dust generated levels of pollution over a quarter of the United States that were close to the limits that the country's Environmental Protection Agency considers harmful. (economist.com)
Using air pollution standards set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , researchers found significant differences on all those measures between those who breathed clean air and those exposed to pollution levels deemed unsafe. (latimes.com)
The undercurrent of the report, which was compiled by the Natural Resources Defense Council, an environmental advocacy group, is a call for the Environmental Protection Agency to strengthen President Barack Obama's Clean Power Plan, which targets a 30 percent reduction in carbon pollution by 2030 and has recently raised the ire of the coal industry. (chicagotribune.com)
The Environmental Protection Agency has listed indoor air pollution among the top five environmental dangers, with pollution levels two to five times higher than outdoor air. (chicagotribune.com)
The researchers then compared the timing of these suicides with air pollution levels, including fine and coarse particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide from Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) monitors in the county. (livescience.com)

Indoor air pollution is the presence of one or more contaminants indoors that carry a certain degree of human health risk. (encyclopedia.com)
Indoor air issues may be traced to the beginning of civilization. (encyclopedia.com)
However, over the last three decades the public has become more aware of indoor air pollution . (encyclopedia.com)
Airtight modern buildings need to be properly ventilated to prevent or reduce the buildup of indoor air pollution. (mercola.com)
For starters, indoor air is often more contaminated to begin with. (mercola.com)
Around 600,000 children under age 5 die every year from diseases caused by or exacerbated by outdoor and indoor air pollution, especially in poor nations, UNICEF Executive Director Anthony Lake said in the introduction to a report titled "Clear the Air for Children. (cnn.com)
The satellite map doesn't take into account the dangers of indoor pollution, primarily a problem in lower-income, rural areas where people use solid fuels like coal and wood for cooking and heating. (cnn.com)
According to some reports, indoor pollution kills more children globally than outdoor ones. (outlookindia.com)
They are major components of indoor pollution and forest fires. (outlookindia.com)
Fine particulate matter becomes suspended in the air as a result of various human activities, including burning fossil fuels, cooking, and other indoor activities. (webmd.com)
Indoor air pollution in Cambodia is a growing problem. (reference.com)
Researchers have also found that radon gas in indoor air can lead to lung cancer. (cancer.ca)
They also found that while 3.7 million deaths were attributable to outdoor (ambient) air pollution, more than half, ie 4.3 million deaths, were due to indoor sources, both mainly affecting low and middle-income households. (wessex.ac.uk)
Allergies, asthma and even lung cancer have been linked to poor indoor air. (chicagotribune.com)
Indoor air pollution killed more people in 2012 than outdoor pollution, according to the WHO, 4.3 million to 3.7 million, respectively. (msnbc.com)

[4] Through these strategies, policy instruments have been put in place that have contributed to the success of the significant air pollution reduction in Germany. (wikipedia.org)
EPA has also failed to determine whether required pollution reduction plans in Arizona and Montana do enough to meet the standards. (commondreams.org)
The visualization and analysis of data using GIS are very useful for environmental researchers and the government, quickly providing pollution information and locations, and helping with the evaluation of air pollution reduction strategies in Jakarta. (esri.com)
Efforts to reduce air pollution over recent decades in the United Kingdom have not led to a reduction in lung cancer deaths. (medscape.com)
This has resulted in a dramatic reduction in air pollution, "and this led to a decrease in the number of children born with low birthweight," said Aerts. (medscape.com)

New research from the University at Buffalo provides pathophysiologic evidence of the effect of air pollution on cardiovascular disease in China. (news-medical.net)
Air pollution significantly increases the risk for premature deaths, particularly in people with underlying cardiovascular disease, clinical and epidemiological studies have determined. (news-medical.net)
The AHA expert panel reviewed epidemiological, molecular, and toxicological studies published during the past six years, updating the 2004 AHA statement about air pollution, and provided a more comprehensive look at the link between air pollution and cardiovascular disease, including the potential biological mechanisms. (webmd.com)
The biological associations between air pollution and cardiovascular disease are unclear, but physicians suspect particulate matter triggers inflammation in the blood vessels, which in turn, stymies a healthy blood supply, Brook and colleagues say. (webmd.com)
Continued efforts to address other cardiovascular disease risk factors through smoking cessation, weight loss, exercise, and a healthy diet to mitigate susceptibility to air pollution. (webmd.com)
It's a major public health problem for reasons you might expect: breathing in dirty air isn't good for your lungs, and the the connection between the lungs and the cardiovascular system means it puts pressure on your heart, too. (popsci.com)
Europe's 10,000 largest factories and energy facilities resulted in 102-169 billion euros in health issues, such as respiratory and cardiovascular problems, and environmental costs because of air pollution in 2009, the most recent available data. (enn.com)
New and emerging epidemiological studies have also revealed that the main health effect of air pollution is cardiovascular (heart disease and stroke) and that ambient air pollution is now a Class 1 carcinogen, equivalent to tobacco smoke. (wessex.ac.uk)
Research had already linked air pollution to health problems such as cardiovascular disease, heart attacks, asthma and chronic lung disease. (reuters.com)
Regulatory acts and strict adherence to clean air standards," he said, "are the best ways to combat negative cardiovascular effects of air pollution. (reuters.com)

Transportation is the main source of ambient air pollution in Jakarta, which has 10 million people. (esri.com)
Ambient air pollution has a significant impact on the health and economic sectors. (esri.com)
WHO's ambient air pollution database - update 2014. (springer.com)
Mancebo SE, Wang SQ. Recognizing the impact of ambient air pollution on skin health. (springer.com)

Breathing in particle pollution can be harmful to your health. (cdc.gov)
Air pollution occurs when harmful substances are released into the Earth's atmosphere. (wikipedia.org)
Only once there's real understanding of how harmful air pollution is, can concern turn into pressure and momentum to make real change. (greenpeace.org)
Air pollution is the contamination of air by various hazardous substances that have a harmful impact on the environment. (reference.com)
In the UK, harmful nitrogen dioxide air pollution has broken legal levels every year since 2010, and our toxic air has been described as a public health emergency. (greenpeace.org.uk)
Contamination of air by smoke and harmful gases, mainly oxides of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen. (dictionary.com)
Thus an AQI of 100 does not mean twice the pollution of AQI at 50, nor does it mean twice as harmful. (wikipedia.org)

TEHRAN - Tehran Municipality plans to hold programs in line with Climathon 2019 on October 24-25, looking for optimal solutions for issues such as air pollution and waste management. (tehrantimes.com)
According the Greenpeace India's list (2019) of the worst air-polluted cities, 15 of the top 20 are in India. (outlookindia.com)

Beijing made news headlines around the world last week due to recent, shocking air pollution levels. (greenpeace.org)

More research is needed to study the link between cancer and other components of air pollution, such as nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides. (cancer.ca)

45 cities have PM2.5 concentrations above those recommended for healthy air. (newscientist.com)
The study rated pollution levels according to PM2.5 measurements. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Air Pollution and Procyclical Mortality, " Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol 3(3), pages 667-706. (nber.org)
Air Pollution and Procyclical Mortality ," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists , University of Chicago Press, vol. 3(3), pages 667-706. (repec.org)
Air Pollution and Procyclical Mortality ," UNCG Economics Working Papers 13-7, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Department of Economics. (repec.org)
Air Pollution and Procyclical Mortality ," NBER Working Papers 18959, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. (repec.org)

These results support the possibility that changes in pollution levels explain a portion of the observed procyclical variation in deaths. (nih.gov)
Air pollution is responsible for 550,000 premature deaths a year in Europe - and 7 million worldwide, according to the WHO. (news-medical.net)
2 Overall, a toxic environment is responsible for at least 1 of every 4 deaths reported worldwide, 3 and air pollution is the greatest contributor to this risk. (mercola.com)
UNICEF is calling on world leaders to reduce air pollution, saying it leads to the deaths of more children yearly than malaria and HIV/AIDS combined. (cnn.com)
Air pollution is now the single largest environmental health risk, with an estimated 7 million deaths globally in 2012 caused by air pollution, according to a report from the health agency in March. (cnn.com)
Reports say that air pollution in the UK is a contributor to the early deaths of thousands each year. (chicagotribune.com)
With air pollution responsible for around 3.4 million deaths annually, there are still many gaps in global monitoring . (scientificamerican.com)
Despite considerable improvements in past decades, air pollution is still responsible for more than 400 000 premature deaths in Europe each year. (europa.eu)
More than 90% of pollution-related deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, mainly in Asia and Africa. (usatoday.com)
Long term effects of air pollution are now being investigated and estimates calculated of the number of deaths. (wessex.ac.uk)
The new data show that the rate of lung cancer deaths attributable to air pollution varies widely between countries. (medscape.com)
A recent study estimated that, worldwide, 14.1% of all lung cancer deaths, including in never-smokers, are directly linked to air pollution. (medscape.com)
The figure is somewhat lower for the United States, where around 4.7% of lung cancer deaths each year are directly attributable to pollution. (medscape.com)
WHO said one in eight total deaths around the globe in 2012 could be attributed to air pollution. (msnbc.com)
Pollution from traffic has been linked to problems with brain development, stunted growth, respiratory conditions, cancers and 300,000 child deaths worldwide. (ncl.ac.uk)
Overall, air pollution causes the deaths of around 7 million people worldwide each year, and is the world's largest single environmental health risk. (wikipedia.org)

The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and the California Air Resources Board provided support for the research, which shows "additional evidence of the potential impact of traffic-related air pollution on fetal growth" and merits further study, according to the authors. (motherjones.com)
Whether the disease becomes manifest and when this occurs is not only due to lifestyle or genetic factors, but also due to traffic-related air pollution," said Professor Annette Peters, director of the Institute of Epidemiology II at Helmholtz Zentrum München and head of the research area of epidemiology of the DZD. (eurekalert.org)

These new findings support that even low levels of fine particulate matter air pollution across the US can increase the risk of serious kidney problems," she told Reuters Health in a telephone interview. (reuters.com)
As the levels of particulate matter air pollution increased, more cardiac arrests occurred," lead researcher Dr. Robert A Silverman of the Long Island Jewish Medical Center, in New York, told Reuters Health in an e-mail. (reuters.com)

Rather than killing otherwise healthy people, air pollution tends to aggravate the effects of heart and lung diseases, so working out the death toll is not straightforward. (newscientist.com)
According to WHO, air pollution is a major contributor to lung and respiratory infections, heart disease and cancer. (mercola.com)
It has been known for a while that air pollution increases the risks for heart and lung problems. (reuters.com)
Overall, nearly 37 million children live in areas where the air is unhealthy, according to the American Lung Association . (nrdc.org)
But when a research group at her university, which was studying air pollution and lung development, asked if she was interested in taking a look at the brains of the mice used in their studies, she figured she might as well take a look. (popsci.com)
Air pollution makes existing lung disease and heart problems worse. (cancer.ca)
Breathing polluted air can lead to heart disease, a stroke and lung cancer, the WHO said. (usatoday.com)
Before this study, there was very little evidence of the impact of air pollution on survival in individuals with lung cancer," said Dr Hart, who is also the author of an accompanying editorial published in the same issue. (medscape.com)
While the results of this study aren't conclusive, Dr Hart pointed out that this paper suggests patients with lung cancer may be particularly affected by air pollution. (medscape.com)
Air pollution is the second leading cause of lung cancer in the world, after smoking, results of a novel analysis suggest. (medscape.com)
Both smoking and air pollution are important causes of lung cancer," said study presenter Christine D. Berg, MD, former co-director of the National Lung Screening Trial, and "both need to be eliminated to help prevent lung cancer and save lives. (medscape.com)
As lung cancer professionals, we can mitigate the effects of air pollution on causing lung cancer by speaking out for clean energy standards," she said. (medscape.com)
It is now clear that air pollution has an impact not only on the incidence of lung cancer but also on its outcome, he added. (medscape.com)
It is "so important to understand that air pollution is a human carcinogen," commented Ivy Elkins, a lung cancer survivor and advocate and co-founder of the EGFR Resisters Lung Cancer Patient Group. (medscape.com)
Air pollution from coal-fired power plants is linked with asthma, cancer, heart and lung ailments, neurological problems, acid rain, global warming, and other severe environmental and public health impacts. (ucsusa.org)
The main risk of air pollution is that it result in lung cancer and skin cancer which may be deadly for humans. (answers.com)
Air pollution is a significant risk factor for a number of pollution-related diseases, including respiratory infections, heart disease, COPD, stroke and lung cancer. (wikipedia.org)

There is a "moderate, yet growing link" between air pollution and heart failure and ischemic stroke . (webmd.com)
Although the research isn't far enough along to draw an explicit, causative link between air pollution and developmental changes in humans, there's a strong association between the two, strengthened by the accompanying research on animals. (popsci.com)
With environmental regulations expected to come under heavy fire from the Trump administration, new research offers powerful evidence of a link between air pollution and dementia risk. (latimes.com)

Australia's SES volunteers are often called on to undertake storm damage and land search operations, but they can also be called on to undertake search operations from the air.Trained SES. (amsa.gov.au)

NEW YORK (Reuters) - Children whose mothers were exposed to high levels of fine particulate pollution in late pregnancy have up to twice the risk of developing autism as children of mothers breathing cleaner air, scientists at Harvard School of Public Health reported on Thursday. (yahoo.com)

CNN's Beijing Bureau Chief Jaime FlorCruz looks out on Beijing's pollution on November 16. (cnn.com)
Beijing may have to wait another 16 years before it will have safe, clean air, according to a report from the capital's environmental authority earlier this week. (cnn.com)
The former Beijing resident created Banshirne , a free Android app that forecasts the next clean air day based on weather patterns. (cnn.com)
JOCELYN FORD: Well, I've lived in Beijing for 11 years, and sometimes we call it raging(ph) here(ph) because of the air pollution. (npr.org)
PETTIT: Well, I think the consensus is that in the winter in Beijing, and I've been there in the Winter, they get a temperature inversion sometimes, much like we have here in Los Angeles, where I'm talking to you from, where the colder air sort of sits on a lid in the Beijing area and prevents the warmer air underneath from moving around. (npr.org)

TEHRAN - Over the past six days, polluted air in the country sent 13,931 people to hospitals and medical centers due to heart and respiratory problems, Mojtaba Khaledi, Emergency Medical Services Organization spokesman has said. (tehrantimes.com)
TEHRAN - Air pollution has caused respiratory and cardiac problems for residents of big cities of the country over the past few days, sending 12,838 people to hospitals, Pir-Hossein Kolivand, head of Emergency Medical Services Organization said. (tehrantimes.com)
Air pollution is the single largest environmental risk to human health in Europe, causing respiratory problems and shortening lifespans. (finchannel.com)
Still, the fact that the researchers found a small but consistent shift in birth weight across so many pregnancies shows there is something significant going on at the population level, according to Virginia Guidry, Ph.D., who studies the impact of air pollution on children's respiratory health at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. (foxnews.com)
Firstly, it air pollution will have a great effect on our health by damaging our respiratory system when breathing. (answers.com)

Air pollution levels rising in many of the world's poorest cities [internet]. (springer.com)

This reflects large increases in air pollution in rapidly growing economies like China and India . (newscientist.com)
Ventilation increases the amount of outdoor air that comes inside. (cancer.ca)
Background: A previous study of Helmholtz Zentrum München from 2013 showed that ultrafine particulate air pollution increases the risk of insulin resistance in childhood. (eurekalert.org)
This study increases our confidence that the impact of air pollution on birth weight is real. (foxnews.com)

But it has also left many of them with undrinkable water, tainted food, and toxic air. (nationalgeographic.com)
A recent UNICEF report claims, "Around 300 million children currently live in areas where the air is toxic - exceeding international limits by at least six times. (outlookindia.com)
When we think of the toxic air, we visualise images related to fossil fuels (coal and diesel), industrial manufacturing, waste burning, dust, exhaust from vehicles, and smoke and black carbon from the burning of crop stubbles and forests. (outlookindia.com)
As we know, air pollution is increasing all over the world we can reduce it by modifying our transportation, conserving energy, reducing waste, eliminating toxic chemical use at home, and plant leafy trees. (answers.com)

Air pollution may also stress the mother's body, which could affect fetal growth, said Woodruff. (foxnews.com)

However, he added: "Air pollution is causing damage to human health and ecosystems. (bbc.co.uk)
Particulate pollution also damages ecosystems and obscures scenic vistas throughout the West, including national parks and wilderness areas. (commondreams.org)
Air pollution also harms ecosystems by contributing to eutrophication and acidification of water and soil, leading to loss of flora and fauna. (europa.eu)

Where does particle pollution come from? (cdc.gov)
Particle pollution can come from two different kinds of sources - primary or secondary. (cdc.gov)
Primary sources cause particle pollution on their own. (cdc.gov)
Some other common sources of particle pollution can be either primary or secondary - for example, factories, cars and trucks, and construction sites. (cdc.gov)
How can particle pollution affect my health? (cdc.gov)
Particle pollution can affect anyone, but it bothers some people more than others. (cdc.gov)
If you have asthma, particle pollution can make your symptoms worse. (cdc.gov)
If you have heart disease, breathing in particle pollution can cause serious problems like a heart attack. (cdc.gov)
The good news is there's a lot you can do to protect yourself and your family from the health effects caused by particle pollution. (cdc.gov)
You can use the AQI as a tool to help you avoid particle pollution. (cdc.gov)
When particle pollution levels are high, take steps to limit the amount of air you breathe in while you're outside. (cdc.gov)
Think about spending more time indoors, where particle pollution levels are usually lower. (cdc.gov)
Particle pollution also makes the air dirty. (kidshealth.org)
Particle pollution is created when tiny bits of dust, dirt, smoke, soot, and other stuff hang in the air. (kidshealth.org)
Particle pollution also can cause breathing problems. (kidshealth.org)
In the western U.S., many come from diesel buses, trucks, and heavy equipment, as well as agriculture and wood burning," according to the ALA. "Breathing particle pollution year-round can shorten life by one to three years. (history.com)

Air pollution is a severe problem - one that has serious impacts on our health and our economy. (greenpeace.org)
In the past, severe pollution in London during 1952 added with low winds and high-pressure air had taken more than four thousand lives and another seven hundred in 1962, in what was called the 'Dark Years' because of the dense dark polluted air. (everything2.com)
It may take extra time for rescue workers to reach a victim in a tall building or a crowded office complex, and severe pollution may be more common because of congested roadways and oil-burning buildings. (reuters.com)
As severe drought threatens crops in northern China, a new study has suggested air pollution could be reducing valuable rainfall. (chinadaily.com.cn)

There was no association between autism and fine particulate pollution before or early in pregnancy, or after the child was born. (yahoo.com)

There are two main components of air pollution: particulates and gases. (newscientist.com)
Korea's 61 coal-fired plants are one of the main contributors to air pollution. (trade.gov)

TEHRAN - Some 10 trillion rials (nearly $240 million at the official rate of 42,000 rials) have been allocated in order to reduce pollution and prevent the destruction of natural resources in the country. (tehrantimes.com)
Reduce pollution by cutting back on fossil fuel combustion and investing in energy efficiency. (cnn.com)
The report is also submitted by the EU to the UNECE under the requirements of the Gothenburg Protocol to the LRTAP Convention, which aims to limit, and as far as possible, gradually reduce and prevent air pollution. (finchannel.com)
Trees also reduce pollution by actively removing it from the atmosphere. (enn.com)
The report also shows some countries are trying to reduce air pollution. (usatoday.com)
The call to action to reduce air pollution is of the "utmost importance," he said. (medscape.com)
It is evident from our study that air pollution control can reduce plastic waste," he adds. (medicalnewstoday.com)
To better understand the feasibility of NBS to reduce pollution, Bhavik Bakshi and colleagues wanted to perform a data-driven analysis. (eurekalert.org)
In the latter part of the 13th century, in an effort to reduce air pollution, England's King Edward I threatened Londoners with harsh penalties if they didn't stop burning sea-coal. (history.com)
In 1963, in an effort to reduce air pollution, the U.S. Congress passed the Clean Air Act, legislation which has been amended and strengthened in the ensuing decades. (history.com)
Various pollution control technologies and strategies are available to reduce air pollution. (wikipedia.org)
To reduce the impacts of air pollution, both international and national legislation and regulation have been implemented to regulate air pollution. (wikipedia.org)

Air pollution in its great magnitude has existed in the 20th century from the coal burning industries of the early century to the fossil burning technology in the new century. (everything2.com)
For example, fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) emitted directly into the air from coal and biomass combustion in households and from commercial and institutional buildings, have risen in the EU by around 9% and 11% respectively over the period 2003 to 2012. (europa.eu)
The rapid rebound in air pollution and coal consumption levels across China is an early warning of what a smokestack industry-led rebound could look like," said Lauri Myllyvirta, Crea's lead analyst, in an article from The Guardian . (inhabitat.com)

They found 10% more carbon monoxide, 100% more peroxyacetyl nitrate and about 50% more soot in the air than normal. (economist.com)

Nearly 45,000 new cases of kidney disease are diagnosed each year in the U.S., and it's possible that some of those might be due to PM 2.5 pollution that exceeds EPA standards, according to the researchers. (reuters.com)
For the two studies, a team of researchers from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, New England Research Institute, Northwestern University, the Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, and other institutions showed how you may literally feel air pollution in your bones. (forbes.com)
The researchers collected data on where the women lived while pregnant and levels of particulate pollution. (yahoo.com)
But it's increasingly clear that the effects of air pollution aren't constrained to body parts below the shoulders-they can hurt the brain in a whole host of ways, many of which researchers are still trying to understand. (popsci.com)
There is potential legal significance to the researchers' finding that women (and mice) who carried a genetic predisposition to developing Alzheimer's disease were far more sensitive to air pollution's effects. (latimes.com)
When the researchers matched this data to air-pollution records, they found a strong connection between higher air pollution levels and increased food orders. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Putting the pieces together, the researchers calculated that each time pollution increased by 100 μg/m 3 , plastic use also went up by about 10 g, which is equivalent to about a third of a plastic food container. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Based on the food orders they analyzed, the researchers concluded that if China experienced a 100 μg/m 3 increase in air pollution on a single day, it would equate to 2.5 million more orders for takeout food, resulting in the use of 2.5 million plastic containers. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Researchers from the US Department of Energy's Pacific Northwest National Laboratory found that the number of days of light rainfall decreased in China by 23 percent due to air pollution between 1956 and 2005. (chinadaily.com.cn)

The schools closed for a day because of the unhealthy air. (msnbc.com)

A new study soon to appear in the Journal of Public Health suggests that air pollution and living in apartment buildings may be associated with an increased risk for dangerous conditions like heart disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. (news-medical.net)
Reuters Health) - Breathing dirty air may increase the risk for kidney problems, a study in U.S. veterans suggests. (reuters.com)
Air pollution is a risk factor for kidney disease development," Dr. Ziyad Al-Aly of the Veterans Affairs St. Louis Health Care System in St. Louis, Missouri, who helped conduct the research, told Reuters Health by phone. (reuters.com)
The risk that the veterans' kidney function would worsen over time rose in tandem with the level of pollution they were exposed to at the study's outset. (reuters.com)
Higher PM concentrations in the air were also associated with an increased risk of end-stage renal disease, in which the kidney can no longer filter blood effectively and a person requires dialysis to stay alive. (reuters.com)
Given the millions of people with and at-risk for kidney disease who are impacted by air pollution, this has serious public health implications. (reuters.com)
This study adds to the literature in the field and further promotes the case for lowering air pollution levels beyond even current standards, for its larger societal benefit, especially for at risk populations, and supports continued research in this area. (reuters.com)
Therefore, the role of air pollution in producing germline mutations and the risk to humans living near steel mills could not be determined. (pnas.org)
Xinwei L, Xiaolan Z, Loretta YL, Hao C. Assessment of metals pollution and health risk in dust from nursery schools in Xi'an, China. (springer.com)
Air pollution might cause widespread inflammation in the body, increase the body's production of cell-damaging oxygen-free radicals, or make the blood more prone to clotting - all of which could pose a risk to pregnancy. (reuters.com)
And the cognitive effects of air pollution are dramatically more pronounced in women who carry a genetic variant, known as APOE-e4, which puts them at higher risk for developing Alzheimer's disease. (latimes.com)
Children are particularly at risk from air pollution. (ncl.ac.uk)
Thus, over the long term - especially for people with impaired glucose metabolism - air pollution is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. (eurekalert.org)
Altogether, the findings suggest that suicide "is a preventable outcome, and air pollution could be a modifiable risk factor," said Amanda Bakian, an epidemiologist at the University of Utah and the leader of the new study. (livescience.com)
What it makes us think is that air pollution interacts with other spring and fall risk factors for suicide," Bakian said. (livescience.com)

Air pollution and skin diseases: adverse effects of airborne particulate matter on various skin diseases. (springer.com)

Ride-hailing services are increasing carbon pollution. (ucsusa.org)

In the United Kingdom, traffic is the major cause of air pollution in British cities. (everything2.com)
Today, the leading cause of air pollution in the U.S. is motor vehicles, which were first mass-produced in the U.S. by Henry Ford in the early 20th century. (history.com)

Through a literature review and expert assessment process, the impact of air pollution as a barrier to achieving the SDGs was considered. (wessex.ac.uk)

Air Pollution Dangerous, but Deadly? (webmd.com)
How deadly is air pollution? (cnn.com)
Particulate pollution doesn't just spoil the view - it can actually be deadly," said Bundy. (commondreams.org)
Air Pollution is disgusting and deadly. (greenpeace.org.uk)

Biodiversity loss due to air pollution is mainly attributed to three distinct categories: greenhouse gases, chemical imbalances, and aerosols. (mit.edu)
It said ecosystem were subject to the pressure of air pollution impairing vegetation growth and harming biodiversity. (bbc.co.uk)

Technologies to mitigate pollution have become widespread in recent years, but scientists are now exploring a new, pared-down approach: using nature to restore ecological balance. (eurekalert.org)

Air pollution is one of the major current health risks of humanity. (redorbit.com)
Those centers that have higher levels of air pollution report higher risks of low birth weights compared with those centers that have lower levels of pollution," says Payam Dadvand, an epidemiologist at the center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology in Barcelona, Spain, who is first author on the study. (scientificamerican.com)
The risks from air pollution are now far greater than previously thought or understood, particularly for heart disease and strokes," said Dr. Maria Neira, director of the WHO's Department for Public Health, Environmental and Social Determinants of Health, in a statement . (msnbc.com)

Molina MJ, Molina LT. Megacities and atmospheric pollution. (springer.com)

According to the results of this study eastern China and northern India are the places that are struggling with the highest pollution levels. (redorbit.com)
You can argue that it's even more of a problem in countries like China or India, where pollution is much, much, much worse. (reuters.com)
Environmental Regulations, Air and Water Pollution, and Infant Mortality in India ," NBER Working Papers 17210, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. (repec.org)
Environmental Regulations, Air and Water Pollution, and Infant Mortality in India ," Working Paper Series rwp11-034, Harvard University, John F. Kennedy School of Government. (repec.org)
Honda Motor Co. might undertake a project to let businesses in India test ride its electric motorcycles on a trial basis next year as the government pushes eco-friendly mobility to address worsening air pollution. (japantimes.co.jp)

TEHRAN - The Municipality of Tehran has prepared a comprehensive plan to mitigate air pollution in the metropolis, based on which a total budget of 174 trillion rials (nearly $4 billion) is required over the course of four years. (tehrantimes.com)

But we've also noticed that when it comes to the real health impacts of air pollution, the Chinese public has very limited knowledge. (greenpeace.org)
The Environment Pollution Control Authority, which is leading the effort to tackle Delhi's pollution, said: 'We have to take this as a public health emergency as air pollution is now hazardous and will have adverse health impacts on all, but particularly our children. (rte.ie)

Anatomy4

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs40

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment30

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes23

Disciplines and Occupations6

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture13

Information Science6

Named Groups2

Health Care79

Geographicals18

Influence of crossdrafts on the performance of a biological safety cabinet. (1/1638)

A new model rat with acute bronchiolitis and its application to research on the toxicology of inhaled particulate matter. (2/1638)

A simulation study of confounding in generalized linear models for air pollution epidemiology. (3/1638)

Indoor, outdoor, and regional summer and winter concentrations of PM10, PM2.5, SO4(2)-, H+, NH4+, NO3-, NH3, and nitrous acid in homes with and without kerosene space heaters. (4/1638)

Biomarkers for exposure to ambient air pollution--comparison of carcinogen-DNA adduct levels with other exposure markers and markers for oxidative stress. (5/1638)

Short-term associations between outdoor air pollution and visits to accident and emergency departments in London for respiratory complaints. (6/1638)

Increased exhaled nitric oxide on days with high outdoor air pollution is of endogenous origin. (7/1638)

Air pollution, pollens, and daily admissions for asthma in London 1987-92. (8/1638)

Air Pollution

Air Pollutants

Particulate Matter

Nitrogen Dioxide

Sulfur Dioxide

Air Pollution, Indoor

Vehicle Emissions

Ozone

Environmental Exposure

Environmental Monitoring

Air

Respiratory Tract Diseases

Water Pollution

Epidemiological Monitoring

Particle Size

Environmental Pollution

Cities

Urban Health

Oxidants, Photochemical

Inhalation Exposure

Carbon Monoxide

Nitrogen Oxides

Weather

Respiration Disorders

Motor Vehicles

Seasons

Smoke

Smog

Air Movements

Mortality

Environmental Health

Soot

Cooking

Environmental Illness

Heating

Fossil Fuels

Coal

Asthma

Maternal Exposure

Czech Republic

Urban Population

Acid Rain

Energy-Generating Resources

Tobacco Smoke Pollution

Poisson Distribution

Meteorological Concepts

Epidemiologic Studies

Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

Water Pollution, Chemical

Industry

Air Microbiology

Wood

Ventilation

Incineration

Regression Analysis

Embolism, Air

California

Risk Factors

Dust

Air Pollutants, Occupational

Geographic Information Systems

Maximum Allowable Concentration

Metals, Heavy

Models, Theoretical

Public Health

China

Risk Assessment

Boston

Carbon

Lung Diseases

Fires

Humidity

Cohort Studies

Infant, Newborn

Noise, Transportation

Peak Expiratory Flow Rate

Cardiovascular Diseases

Residence Characteristics

Polycyclic Compounds

Cross-Over Studies