Air pollutants occupational. Medical search

Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.

The presence of contaminants or pollutant substances in the air (AIR POLLUTANTS) that interfere with human health or welfare, or produce other harmful environmental effects. The substances may include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; or volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.

Nitrogen oxide (NO2). A highly poisonous gas. Exposure produces inflammation of lungs that may only cause slight pain or pass unnoticed, but resulting edema several days later may cause death. (From Merck, 11th ed) It is a major atmospheric pollutant that is able to absorb UV light that does not reach the earth's surface.

The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).

A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.

Particles of any solid substance, generally under 30 microns in size, often noted as PM30. There is special concern with PM1 which can get down to PULMONARY ALVEOLI and induce MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION and PHAGOCYTOSIS leading to FOREIGN BODY REACTION and LUNG DISEASES.

The mixture of gases present in the earth's atmosphere consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.

Gases, fumes, vapors, and odors escaping from the cylinders of a gasoline or diesel internal-combustion engine. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.

Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.

The contamination of indoor air.

Compounds that accept electrons in an oxidation-reduction reaction. The reaction is induced by or accelerated by exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of visible or ultraviolet light.

Collection, analysis, and interpretation of data about the frequency, distribution, and consequences of disease or health conditions, for use in the planning, implementing, and evaluating public health programs.

Relating to the size of solids.

Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.

Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A large or important municipality of a country, usually a major metropolitan center.

An agency in the Executive Branch of the Federal Government. It was created as an independent regulatory agency responsible for the implementation of federal laws designed to protect the environment. Its mission is to protect human health and the ENVIRONMENT.

Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.

The motion of air currents.

The state of the ATMOSPHERE over minutes to months.

Endopeptidases that are specific for AMYLOID PROTEIN PRECURSOR. Three secretase subtypes referred to as alpha, beta, and gamma have been identified based upon the region of amyloid protein precursor they cleave.

Experimental devices used in inhalation studies in which a person or animal is either partially or completely immersed in a chemically controlled atmosphere.

The status of health in urban populations.

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

The atmospheric properties, characteristics and other atmospheric phenomena especially pertaining to WEATHER or CLIMATE.

A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)

A mixture of smoke and fog polluting the atmosphere. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Inorganic oxides that contain nitrogen.

Acidic water usually pH 2.5 to 4.5, which poisons the ecosystem and adversely affects plants, fishes, and mammals. It is caused by industrial pollutants, mainly sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted into the atmosphere and returning to earth in the form of acidic rain water.

The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

AUTOMOBILES, trucks, buses, or similar engine-driven conveyances. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).

Elements, compounds, mixtures, or solutions that are considered severely harmful to human health and the environment. They include substances that are toxic, corrosive, flammable, or explosive.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.

The science of controlling or modifying those conditions, influences, or forces surrounding man which relate to promoting, establishing, and maintaining health.

Toxic, volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon byproduct of coal distillation. It is used as an industrial solvent in paints, varnishes, lacquer thinners, gasoline, etc. Benzene causes central nervous system damage acutely and bone marrow damage chronically and is carcinogenic. It was formerly used as parasiticide.

Exposure of the female parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring. It includes pre-conception maternal exposure.

Inorganic oxides of sulfur.

Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.

A phase transition from liquid state to gas state, which is affected by Raoult's law. It can be accomplished by fractional distillation.

Any combustible hydrocarbon deposit formed from the remains of prehistoric organisms. Examples are petroleum, coal, and natural gas.

Inorganic and organic derivatives of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The salts and esters of sulfuric acid are known as SULFATES and SULFURIC ACID ESTERS respectively.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the air. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Diseases of the respiratory system in general or unspecified or for a specific respiratory disease not available.

A plant genus of the family BROMELIACEAE. Members contain 3-methoxy-5-hydroxyflavonols.

Blocking of a blood vessel by air bubbles that enter the circulatory system, usually after TRAUMA; surgical procedures, or changes in atmospheric pressure.

Earth or other matter in fine, dry particles. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The study of NUTRITION PROCESSES as well as the components of food, their actions, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease.

Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature.

The maximum exposure to a biologically active physical or chemical agent that is allowed during an 8-hour period (a workday) in a population of workers, or during a 24-hour period in the general population, which does not appear to cause appreciable harm, whether immediate or delayed for any period, in the target population. (From Lewis Dictionary of Toxicology, 1st ed)

Studies designed to examine associations, commonly, hypothesized causal relations. They are usually concerned with identifying or measuring the effects of risk factors or exposures. The common types of analytic study are CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; COHORT STUDIES; and CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDIES.

A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.

A distribution function used to describe the occurrence of rare events or to describe the sampling distribution of isolated counts in a continuum of time or space.

Hydrocarbon compounds with one or more of the hydrogens replaced by CHLORINE.

The industry concerned with the removal of raw materials from the Earth's crust and with their conversion into refined products.

Industrial products consisting of a mixture of chlorinated biphenyl congeners and isomers. These compounds are highly lipophilic and tend to accumulate in fat stores of animals. Many of these compounds are considered toxic and potential environmental pollutants.

A dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, composed mainly of amorphous CARBON and some HYDROCARBONS, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smoke. It is the product of incomplete combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in low oxygen conditions. It is sometimes called lampblack or carbon black and is used in INK, in rubber tires, and to prepare CARBON NANOTUBES.

Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures.

Contamination of the air by tobacco smoke.

A condition with damage to the lining of the lower ESOPHAGUS resulting from chronic acid reflux (ESOPHAGITIS, REFLUX). Through the process of metaplasia, the squamous cells are replaced by a columnar epithelium with cells resembling those of the INTESTINE or the salmon-pink mucosa of the STOMACH. Barrett's columnar epithelium is a marker for severe reflux and precursor to ADENOCARCINOMA of the esophagus.

Mixtures of many components in inexact proportions, usually natural, such as PLANT EXTRACTS; VENOMS; and MANURE. These are distinguished from DRUG COMBINATIONS which have only a few components in definite proportions.

Computer systems capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations.

Living facilities for humans.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.

Any enterprise centered on the processing, assembly, production, or marketing of a line of products, services, commodities, or merchandise, in a particular field often named after its principal product. Examples include the automobile, fishing, music, publishing, insurance, and textile industries.

Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.

The tubular and cavernous organs and structures, by means of which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange between ambient air and the blood are brought about.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

All deaths reported in a given population.

Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.

A highly reactive aldehyde gas formed by oxidation or incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons. In solution, it has a wide range of uses: in the manufacture of resins and textiles, as a disinfectant, and as a laboratory fixative or preservative. Formaldehyde solution (formalin) is considered a hazardous compound, and its vapor toxic. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p717)

An infant during the first month after birth.

Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.

Carcinogenic substances that are found in the environment.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The maintenance of certain aspects of the environment within a defined space to facilitate the function of that space; aspects controlled include air temperature and motion, radiant heat level, moisture, and concentration of pollutants such as dust, microorganisms, and gases. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.

Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.

A colorless and flammable gas at room temperature and pressure. Ethylene oxide is a bactericidal, fungicidal, and sporicidal disinfectant. It is effective against most micro-organisms, including viruses. It is used as a fumigant for foodstuffs and textiles and as an agent for the gaseous sterilization of heat-labile pharmaceutical and surgical materials. (From Reynolds, Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p794)

The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.

Noises, normal and abnormal, heard on auscultation over any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT.

Thin-walled sacs or spaces which function as a part of the respiratory system in birds, fishes, insects, and mammals.

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.

Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

Measurement of the maximum rate of airflow attained during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination. Common abbreviations are PEFR and PFR.

Four fused benzyl rings with three linear and one angular, that can be viewed as a benzyl-phenanthrenes. Compare with NAPHTHACENES which are four linear rings.

The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Created 1 January 1993 as a result of the division of Czechoslovakia into the Czech Republic and Slovakia.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.

Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.

Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

The effect of GLOBAL WARMING and the resulting increase in world temperatures. The predicted health effects of such long-term climatic change include increased incidence of respiratory, water-borne, and vector-borne diseases.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

The gaseous envelope surrounding a planet or similar body. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

An agricultural fungicide and seed treatment agent.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

The confinement of a patient in a hospital.

Metals with high specific gravity, typically larger than 5. They have complex spectra, form colored salts and double salts, have a low electrode potential, are mainly amphoteric, yield weak bases and weak acids, and are oxidizing or reducing agents (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of immediate medical or surgical care to the emergency patient.

Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.

The mucous lining of the NASAL CAVITY, including lining of the nostril (vestibule) and the OLFACTORY MUCOSA. Nasal mucosa consists of ciliated cells, GOBLET CELLS, brush cells, small granule cells, basal cells (STEM CELLS) and glands containing both mucous and serous cells.

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

A form of hypersensitivity affecting the respiratory tract. It includes ASTHMA and RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL.

Chemical reactions effected by light.

The study of existing genetic knowledge, and the generation of new genetic data, to understand and thus avoid DRUG TOXICITY and adverse effects from toxic substances from the environment.

Pollutants, present in air, which exhibit radioactivity.

An organochlorine pesticide, it is the ethylene metabolite of DDT.

The means of moving persons, animals, goods, or materials from one place to another.

Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.

The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.

Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.

Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of the child.

Chlorinated hydrocarbons containing heteroatoms that are present as contaminants of herbicides. Dioxins are carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic. They have been banned from use by the FDA.

Statistical models in which the value of a parameter for a given value of a factor is assumed to be equal to a + bx, where a and b are constants. The models predict a linear regression.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

The dissociation of molecules in the air into positive and negative ions under the influence of an electric field.

Parliamentary democracy located between France on the northeast and Portugual on the west and bordered by the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.

Automotive safety devices consisting of a bag designed to inflate upon collision and prevent passengers from pitching forward. (American Heritage Dictionary, 1982)

Factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest, are not intermediate variables, and are not associated with the factor(s) under investigation. They give rise to situations in which the effects of two processes are not separated, or the contribution of causal factors cannot be separated, or the measure of the effect of exposure or risk is distorted because of its association with other factors influencing the outcome of the study.

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.

An insecticide and herbicide that has also been used as a wood preservative. Pentachlorphenol is a widespread environmental pollutant. Both chronic and acute pentachlorophenol poisoning are medical concerns. The range of its biological actions is still being actively explored, but it is clearly a potent enzyme inhibitor and has been used as such as an experimental tool.

Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.

Worthless, damaged, defective, superfluous or effluent material from industrial operations.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.

CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).

The former British crown colony located off the southeast coast of China, comprised of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula, and New Territories. The three sites were ceded to the British by the Chinese respectively in 1841, 1860, and 1898. Hong Kong reverted to China in July 1997. The name represents the Cantonese pronunciation of the Chinese xianggang, fragrant port, from xiang, perfume and gang, port or harbor, with reference to its currents sweetened by fresh water from a river west of it.

Methodological issues in biomonitoring of low level exposure to benzene. (1/1747)

Data from a pilot study on unmetabolized benzene and trans,trans muconic acid (t,t-MA) excretion in filling station attendants and unexposed controls were used to afford methodological issues in the biomonitoring of low benzene exposures (around 0.1 ppm). Urinary concentrations of benzene and t,t-MA were measured by dynamic head-space capillary GC/FID and HPLC, respectively. The accuracy of the HPLC determination of t,t-MA was assessed in terms of inter- and intra-method reliability. The adequacy of urinary t,t-MA and benzene as biological markers of low benzene exposure was evaluated by analysing the relationship between personal exposure to benzene and biomarker excretion. Filling station attendants excreted significantly higher amounts of benzene, but not of t,t-MA, than controls. Adjusting for occupational benzene exposure, smokers excreted significantly higher amounts of t,t-MA, but not of unmetabolized benzene, than nonsmokers. A comparative analysis of the present and previously published biomonitoring surveys showed a good inter-study agreement regarding the amount of t,t-MA and unmetabolized benzene excreted (about 0.1-0.2 mg/l and 1-2 micrograms/l, respectively) per unit of exposure (0.1 ppm). For each biomarker, based on the distribution of parameters observed in the pilot study, we calculated the minimum sample size required to estimate the population mean with given confidence and precision. (+info)

Mechanisms and mediators in coal dust induced toxicity: a review. (2/1747)

Chronic inhalation of coal dust can cause several lung disorders, including simple coal workers pneumoconiosis (CWP), progressive massive fibrosis (PMF), chronic bronchitis, lung function loss, and emphysema. This review focuses on the cellular actions and interactions of key inflammatory cells and target cells in coal dust toxicity and related lung disorders, i.e. macrophages and neutrophils, epithelial cells, and fibroblasts. Factors released from or affecting these cells are outlined in separate sections, i.e. (1) reactive oxygen species (ROS) and related antioxidant protection mechanisms, and (2) cytokines, growth factors and related proteins. Furthermore, (3) components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), including the modifying role of ROS, cytokines, proteases and antiproteases are discussed in relation to tissue damage and remodelling in the respiratory tract. It is recognised that inhaled coal dust particles are important non-cellular and cellular sources of ROS in the lung, and may be significantly involved in the damage of lung target cells as well as important macromolecules including alpha-1-antitrypsin and DNA. In vitro and in vivo studies with coal dusts showed the up-regulation of important leukocyte recruiting factors, e.g. Leukotriene-B4 (LTB4), Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF), Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-1 (MCP-1), and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF alpha), as well as the neutrophil adhesion factor Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Coal dust particles are also known to stimulate the (macrophage) production of various factors with potential capacity to modulate lung cells and/or extracellular matrix, including O2-., H2O2, and NO, fibroblast chemoattractants (e.g. Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF beta), PDGF, and fibronectin) and a number of factors that have been shown to stimulate and/or inhibit fibroblast growth or collagen production such as (TNF alpha, TGF beta, PDGF, Insulin Like Growth Factor, and Prostaglandin-E2). Further studies are needed to clarify the in vivo kinetics and relative impact of these factors. (+info)

Personal exposure to dust, endotoxin and crystalline silica in California agriculture. (3/1747)

AIMS: The aim of this study was to measure personal exposure to dust, endotoxin and crystalline silica during various agricultural operations in California over a period of one year. METHODS: Ten farms were randomly selected in Yolo and Solano counties and workers were invited to wear personal sampling equipment to measure inhalable and respirable dust levels during various operations. The samples were analysed for endotoxin using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay and crystalline silica content using X-ray diffraction. In total 142 inhalable samples and 144 respirable samples were collected. RESULTS: The measurements showed considerable difference in exposure levels between various operations, in particular for the inhalable fraction of the dust and the endotoxin. Machine harvesting of tree crops (Geometric mean (GM) = 45.1 mg/m3) and vegetables (GM = 7.9 mg/m3), and cleaning of poultry houses (GM = 6.7 mg/m3) showed the highest inhalable dust levels. Cleaning of poultry houses also showed the highest inhalable endotoxin levels (GM = 1861 EU/m3). Respirable dust levels were generally low, except for machine harvesting of tree crops (GM = 2.8 mg/m3) and vegetables (GM = 0.9 mg/m3). Respirable endotoxin levels were also low. For the inhalable dust fraction, levels were reduced considerably when an enclosed cabin was present. The percentage of crystalline silica was overall higher in the respirable dust samples than the inhalable dust samples. CONCLUSIONS: Considerable differences exist in personal exposure levels to dust, endotoxin and crystalline silica during various agricultural operations in California agriculture with some operations showing very high levels. (+info)

Hierarchical cluster analysis applied to workers' exposures in fiberglass insulation manufacturing. (4/1747)

The objectives of this study were to explore the application of cluster analysis to the characterization of multiple exposures in industrial hygiene practice and to compare exposure groupings based on the result from cluster analysis with that based on non-measurement-based approaches commonly used in epidemiology. Cluster analysis was performed for 37 workers simultaneously exposed to three agents (endotoxin, phenolic compounds and formaldehyde) in fiberglass insulation manufacturing. Different clustering algorithms, including complete-linkage (or farthest-neighbor), single-linkage (or nearest-neighbor), group-average and model-based clustering approaches, were used to construct the tree structures from which clusters can be formed. Differences were observed between the exposure clusters constructed by these different clustering algorithms. When contrasting the exposure classification based on tree structures with that based on non-measurement-based information, the results indicate that the exposure clusters identified from the tree structures had little in common with the classification results from either the traditional exposure zone or the work group classification approach. In terms of the defining homogeneous exposure groups or from the standpoint of health risk, some toxicological normalization in the components of the exposure vector appears to be required in order to form meaningful exposure groupings from cluster analysis. Finally, it remains important to see if the lack of correspondence between exposure groups based on epidemiological classification and measurement data is a peculiarity of the data or a more general problem in multivariate exposure analysis. (+info)

Modeling breathing-zone concentrations of airborne contaminants generated during compressed air spray painting. (5/1747)

This paper presents a mathematical model to predict breathing-zone concentrations of airborne contaminants generated during compressed air spray painting in cross-flow ventilated booths. The model focuses on characterizing the generation and transport of overspray mist. It extends previous work on conventional spray guns to include exposures generated by HVLP guns. Dimensional analysis and scale model wind-tunnel studies are employed using non-volatile oils, instead of paint, to produce empirical equations for estimating exposure to total mass. Results indicate that a dimensionless breathing zone concentration is a nonlinear function of the ratio of momentum flux of air from the spray gun to the momentum flux of air passing through the projected area of the worker's body. The orientation of the spraying operation within the booth is also very significant. The exposure model requires an estimate of the contaminant generation rate, which is approximated by a simple impactor model. The results represent an initial step in the construction of more realistic models capable of predicting exposure as a mathematical function of the governing parameters. (+info)

Causes of nitrous oxide contamination in operating rooms. (6/1747)

BACKGROUND: To reduce the ambient concentration of waste anesthetic agents, exhaust gas scavenging systems are standard in almost all operating rooms. The incidence of contamination and the factors that may increase the concentrations of ambient anesthetic gases have not been evaluated fully during routine circumstances, however. METHODS: Concentrations of nitrous oxide (N2O) in ambient air were monitored automatically in 10 operating rooms in Kagoshima University Hospital from January to March 1997. Ambient air was sampled automatically from each operating room, and the concentrations of N2O were analyzed every 22 min by an infrared spectrophotometer. The output of the N2O analyzer was integrated electronically regarding time, and data were displayed on a monitor in the administrative office for anesthesia supervisors. A concentration of N2O > 50 parts per million was regarded as abnormally high and was displayed with an alarm signal. The cause of the high concentration of N2O was then sought. RESULTS: During the 3-month investigation, N2O was used in 402 cases. Abnormally high concentrations of N2O were detected at some time during 104 (25.9%) of those cases. The causes were mask ventilation (42 cases, 40.4% of detected cases), unconnected scavenging systems (20 cases, 19.2%), leak around uncuffed pediatric endotracheal tube (13 cases, 12.5%), equipment leakage (12 cases, 11.5%), and others (17 cases, 16.4%). CONCLUSIONS: N2O contamination was common during routine circumstances in our operating rooms. An unconnected scavenging system led to the highest concentrations of N2O recorded. Proper use of scavenging systems is necessary if contamination by anesthetic gas is to be limited. (+info)

Exposure of medical personnel to methylmethacrylate vapor during percutaneous vertebroplasty. (7/1747)

The occupational exposure to methylmethacrylate (MMA) vapor during percutaneous vertebroplasty was determined. During five vertebroplasty procedures, air-sampling pumps were attached to medical personnel. MMA vapor levels in the samples were then quantified using gas chromatography. The samples collected yielded MMA vapor levels of less than five parts per million (ppm). The MMA vapor concentrations measured were well below the recommended maximum exposure of 100 ppm over the course of an 8-hour workday. (+info)

Potential effects of gas hydrate on human welfare. (8/1747)

For almost 30 years. serious interest has been directed toward natural gas hydrate, a crystalline solid composed of water and methane, as a potential (i) energy resource, (ii) factor in global climate change, and (iii) submarine geohazard. Although each of these issues can affect human welfare, only (iii) is considered to be of immediate importance. Assessments of gas hydrate as an energy resource have often been overly optimistic, based in part on its very high methane content and on its worldwide occurrence in continental margins. Although these attributes are attractive, geologic settings, reservoir properties, and phase-equilibria considerations diminish the energy resource potential of natural gas hydrate. The possible role of gas hydrate in global climate change has been often overstated. Although methane is a "greenhouse" gas in the atmosphere, much methane from dissociated gas hydrate may never reach the atmosphere, but rather may be converted to carbon dioxide and sequestered by the hydrosphere/biosphere before reaching the atmosphere. Thus, methane from gas hydrate may have little opportunity to affect global climate change. However, submarine geohazards (such as sediment instabilities and slope failures on local and regional scales, leading to debris flows, slumps, slides, and possible tsunamis) caused by gas-hydrate dissociation are of immediate and increasing importance as humankind moves to exploit seabed resources in ever-deepening waters of coastal oceans. The vulnerability of gas hydrate to temperature and sea level changes enhances the instability of deep-water oceanic sediments, and thus human activities and installations in this setting can be affected. (+info)

Some common examples of respiratory tract diseases include:

1. Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi.
2. Bronchitis: Inflammation of the airways (bronchi) that can cause coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing.
3. Asthma: A chronic condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
4. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A progressive condition that makes it difficult to breathe due to damage to the lungs over time.
5. Tuberculosis: An infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis that primarily affects the lungs.
6. Laryngitis: Inflammation of the voice box (larynx) that can cause hoarseness and difficulty speaking.
7. Tracheitis: Inflammation of the trachea, or windpipe, that can cause coughing, fever, and difficulty breathing.
8. Croup: An infection of the throat and lungs that can cause a barky cough and difficulty breathing.
9. Pleurisy: Inflammation of the lining around the lungs (pleura) that can cause chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing.
10. Pertussis (whooping cough): An infectious disease caused by the bacteria Bordetella pertussis that can cause coughing fits and difficulty breathing.

These are just a few examples of the many different types of respiratory tract diseases that exist. Each one has its own unique symptoms, causes, and treatment options.

Asthma can cause recurring episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. These symptoms occur when the muscles surrounding the airways contract, causing the airways to narrow and swell. This can be triggered by exposure to environmental allergens or irritants such as pollen, dust mites, pet dander, or respiratory infections.

There is no cure for asthma, but it can be managed with medication and lifestyle changes. Treatment typically includes inhaled corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, bronchodilators to open up the airways, and rescue medications to relieve symptoms during an asthma attack.

Asthma is a common condition that affects people of all ages, but it is most commonly diagnosed in children. According to the American Lung Association, more than 25 million Americans have asthma, and it is the third leading cause of hospitalization for children under the age of 18.

While there is no cure for asthma, early diagnosis and proper treatment can help manage symptoms and improve quality of life for those affected by the condition.

Some common examples of respiration disorders include:

1. Asthma: A chronic condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
2. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): A progressive lung disease that makes it difficult to breathe, caused by exposure to pollutants such as cigarette smoke.
3. Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can cause fever, chills, and difficulty breathing.
4. Bronchitis: Inflammation of the airways that can cause coughing and difficulty breathing.
5. Emphysema: A condition where the air sacs in the lungs are damaged, making it difficult to breathe.
6. Sleep apnea: A sleep disorder that causes a person to stop breathing for short periods during sleep, leading to fatigue and other symptoms.
7. Cystic fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the respiratory system and digestive system, causing thick mucus buildup and difficulty breathing.
8. Pulmonary fibrosis: A condition where the lungs become scarred and stiff, making it difficult to breathe.
9. Tuberculosis (TB): A bacterial infection that primarily affects the lungs and can cause coughing, fever, and difficulty breathing.
10. Lung cancer: A type of cancer that originates in the lungs and can cause symptoms such as coughing, chest pain, and difficulty breathing.

These are just a few examples of respiration disorders, and there are many other conditions that can affect the respiratory system and cause breathing difficulties. If you are experiencing any symptoms of respiration disorders, it is important to seek medical attention to receive an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

A blockage caused by air bubbles in the bloodstream, which can occur after a sudden change in atmospheric pressure (e.g., during an airplane flight or scuba diving). Air embolism can cause a variety of symptoms, including shortness of breath, chest pain, and stroke. It is a potentially life-threatening condition that requires prompt medical attention.

Note: Air embolism can also occur in the venous system, causing a pulmonary embolism (blockage of an artery in the lungs). This is a more common condition and is discussed separately.

The condition is named after Dr. Norman Barrett, who first described it in 1956. It is a precancerous condition, meaning that if left untreated, it can progress to esophageal cancer over time. The exact cause of Barrett esophagus is not fully understood, but chronic acid reflux is thought to play a role in its development.

The symptoms of Barrett esophagus are similar to those of GERD and may include heartburn, difficulty swallowing, chest pain, and regurgitation of food. The condition can be diagnosed through an endoscopy, which involves inserting a flexible tube with a camera into the esophagus to visualize the cells lining the esophagus.

Treatment for Barrett esophagus typically involves controlling the underlying acid reflux through lifestyle changes and medications. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to repair any damage to the esophageal lining or to strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which is the muscle that separates the esophagus from the stomach and prevents acid reflux.

It's important for individuals with chronic acid reflux to be screened regularly for Barrett esophagus, as early detection and treatment can help prevent the development of esophageal cancer.

Some common types of lung diseases include:

1. Asthma: A chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A progressive condition that causes chronic inflammation and damage to the airways and lungs, making it difficult to breathe.
3. Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to fever, chills, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
4. Bronchiectasis: A condition where the airways are damaged and widened, leading to chronic infections and inflammation.
5. Pulmonary Fibrosis: A condition where the lungs become scarred and stiff, making it difficult to breathe.
6. Lung Cancer: A malignant tumor that develops in the lungs, often caused by smoking or exposure to carcinogens.
7. Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the respiratory and digestive systems, leading to chronic infections and inflammation in the lungs.
8. Tuberculosis (TB): An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body.
9. Pulmonary Embolism: A blockage in one of the arteries in the lungs, often caused by a blood clot that has traveled from another part of the body.
10. Sarcoidosis: An inflammatory disease that affects various organs in the body, including the lungs, leading to the formation of granulomas and scarring.

These are just a few examples of conditions that can affect the lungs and respiratory system. It's important to note that many of these conditions can be treated with medication, therapy, or surgery, but early detection is key to successful treatment outcomes.

Clinical Significance:
Respiratory sounds can help healthcare providers diagnose and manage respiratory conditions, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pneumonia. By listening to the sounds of a patient's breathing, healthcare providers can identify abnormalities in lung function, airway obstruction, or inflammation.

Types of Respiratory Sounds:

1. Vesicular Sounds:
a. Inspiratory wheeze: A high-pitched whistling sound heard during inspiration, usually indicative of bronchial asthma or COPD.
b. Expiratory wheeze: A low-pitched whistling sound heard during expiration, typically seen in patients with chronic bronchitis or emphysema.
c. Decreased vocal fremitus: A decrease in the normal vibratory sounds heard over the lung fields during breathing, which can indicate fluid or consolidation in the lungs.
2. Adventitious Sounds:
a. Crackles (rales): High-pitched, bubbly sounds heard during inspiration and expiration, indicating fluid or air in the alveoli.
b. Rhonchi: Low-pitched, harsh sounds heard during inspiration and expiration, often indicative of bronchitis, pneumonia, or COPD.
c. Stridors: High-pitched, squeaky sounds heard during breathing, commonly seen in patients with inflammatory conditions such as pneumonia or tuberculosis.

It's important to note that the interpretation of lung sounds requires a thorough understanding of respiratory physiology and pathophysiology, as well as clinical experience and expertise. A healthcare professional, such as a nurse or respiratory therapist, should always be consulted for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

There are several types of hypersensitivity reactions, including:

1. Type I hypersensitivity: This is also known as immediate hypersensitivity and occurs within minutes to hours after exposure to the allergen. It is characterized by the release of histamine and other chemical mediators from immune cells, leading to symptoms such as hives, itching, swelling, and difficulty breathing. Examples of Type I hypersensitivity reactions include allergies to pollen, dust mites, or certain foods.
2. Type II hypersensitivity: This is also known as cytotoxic hypersensitivity and occurs within days to weeks after exposure to the allergen. It is characterized by the immune system producing antibodies against specific proteins on the surface of cells, leading to their destruction. Examples of Type II hypersensitivity reactions include blood transfusion reactions and serum sickness.
3. Type III hypersensitivity: This is also known as immune complex hypersensitivity and occurs when antigens bind to immune complexes, leading to the formation of deposits in tissues. Examples of Type III hypersensitivity reactions include rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
4. Type IV hypersensitivity: This is also known as delayed-type hypersensitivity and occurs within weeks to months after exposure to the allergen. It is characterized by the activation of T cells, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. Examples of Type IV hypersensitivity reactions include contact dermatitis and toxic epidermal necrolysis.

The diagnosis of hypersensitivity often involves a combination of medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and elimination diets or challenges. Treatment depends on the specific type of hypersensitivity reaction and may include avoidance of the allergen, medications such as antihistamines or corticosteroids, and immunomodulatory therapy.

Respiratory hypersensitivity can be diagnosed through medical history, physical examination, and allergy testing. Treatment options include avoidance of allergens, medication, such as antihistamines or corticosteroids, and immunotherapy, which involves exposing the person to small amounts of the allergen over time to build up their tolerance.

Some people with respiratory hypersensitivity may experience more severe symptoms, such as asthma, which can be life-threatening if left untreated. It is important for individuals with respiratory hypersensitivity to work closely with their healthcare provider to manage their condition and prevent complications.

1. Coronary artery disease: The narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart.
2. Heart failure: A condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs.
3. Arrhythmias: Abnormal heart rhythms that can be too fast, too slow, or irregular.
4. Heart valve disease: Problems with the heart valves that control blood flow through the heart.
5. Heart muscle disease (cardiomyopathy): Disease of the heart muscle that can lead to heart failure.
6. Congenital heart disease: Defects in the heart's structure and function that are present at birth.
7. Peripheral artery disease: The narrowing or blockage of blood vessels that supply oxygen and nutrients to the arms, legs, and other organs.
8. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT): A blood clot that forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg.
9. Pulmonary embolism: A blockage in one of the arteries in the lungs, which can be caused by a blood clot or other debris.
10. Stroke: A condition in which there is a lack of oxygen to the brain due to a blockage or rupture of blood vessels.

Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects can affect various aspects of the child's development, including:

1. Physical growth and development: PDEDs can lead to changes in the child's physical growth patterns, such as reduced birth weight, short stature, or delayed puberty.
2. Brain development: Prenatal exposure to certain substances can affect brain development, leading to learning disabilities, memory problems, and cognitive delays.
3. Behavioral and emotional development: Children exposed to PDEDs may exhibit behavioral and emotional difficulties, such as anxiety, depression, or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
4. Immune system functioning: Prenatal exposure to certain substances can affect the immune system's development, making children more susceptible to infections and autoimmune diseases.
5. Reproductive health: Exposure to certain chemicals during fetal development may disrupt the reproductive system, leading to fertility problems or an increased risk of infertility later in life.

The diagnosis of Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects often requires a comprehensive medical history and physical examination, as well as specialized tests such as imaging studies or laboratory assessments. Treatment for PDEDs typically involves addressing the underlying cause of exposure and providing appropriate interventions to manage any associated symptoms or developmental delays.

In summary, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects can have a profound impact on a child's growth, development, and overall health later in life. It is essential for healthcare providers to be aware of the potential risks and to monitor children exposed to substances during fetal development for any signs of PDEDs. With early diagnosis and appropriate interventions, it may be possible to mitigate or prevent some of these effects and improve outcomes for affected children.

Acute bronchitis is a short-term infection that is usually caused by a virus or bacteria, and can be treated with antibiotics and supportive care such as rest, hydration, and over-the-counter pain relievers. Chronic bronchitis, on the other hand, is a long-term condition that is often associated with smoking and can lead to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Bronchitis can cause a range of symptoms including:

* Persistent cough, which may be dry or produce mucus
* Chest tightness or discomfort
* Shortness of breath or wheezing
* Fatigue and fever
* Headache and body aches

The diagnosis of bronchitis is usually made based on a physical examination, medical history, and results of diagnostic tests such as chest X-rays and pulmonary function tests. Treatment for bronchitis typically focuses on relieving symptoms and managing the underlying cause, such as a bacterial infection or smoking cessation.

Bronchitis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:

* Viral infections, such as the common cold or flu
* Bacterial infections, such as pneumonia
* Smoking and exposure to environmental pollutants
* Asthma and other allergic conditions
* Chronic lung diseases, such as COPD

Preventive measures for bronchitis include:

* Quitting smoking and avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke
* Getting vaccinated against flu and pneumonia
* Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands frequently
* Avoiding exposure to environmental pollutants
* Managing underlying conditions such as asthma and allergies.

Premature birth can be classified into several categories based on gestational age at birth:

1. Extreme prematurity: Born before 24 weeks of gestation.
2. Very preterm: Born between 24-27 weeks of gestation.
3. Moderate to severe preterm: Born between 28-32 weeks of gestation.
4. Late preterm: Born between 34-36 weeks of gestation.

The causes of premature birth are not fully understood, but several factors have been identified as increasing the risk of premature birth. These include:

1. Previous premature birth
2. Multiple gestations (twins, triplets etc.)
3. History of cervical surgery or cervical incompetence
4. Chronic medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes
5. Infections such as group B strep or urinary tract infections
6. Pregnancy-related complications such as preeclampsia and placenta previa
7. Stress and poor social support
8. Smoking, alcohol and drug use during pregnancy
9. Poor nutrition and lack of prenatal care.

Premature birth can have significant short-term and long-term health consequences for the baby, including respiratory distress syndrome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, intraventricular hemorrhage, retinopathy of prematurity and necrotizing enterocolitis. Children who are born prematurely may also have developmental delays, learning disabilities and behavioral problems later in life.

There is no single test that can predict premature birth with certainty, but several screening tests are available to identify women at risk. These include ultrasound examination, maternal serum screening for estriol and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A), and cervical length measurement.

While there is no proven way to prevent premature birth entirely, several strategies have been shown to reduce the risk, including:

1. Progesterone supplementation: Progesterone appears to help prevent preterm labor in some women with a history of previous preterm birth or other risk factors.
2. Corticosteroids: Corticosteroids given to mothers at risk of preterm birth can help mature the baby's lungs and reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome.
3. Calcium supplementation: Calcium may help improve fetal bone development and reduce the risk of premature birth.
4. Good prenatal care: Regular prenatal check-ups, proper nutrition and avoiding smoking, alcohol and drug use during pregnancy can help reduce the risk of premature birth.
5. Avoiding stress: Stress can increase the risk of premature birth, so finding ways to manage stress during pregnancy is important.
6. Preventing infections: Infections such as group B strep and urinary tract infections can increase the risk of premature birth, so it's important to take steps to prevent them.
7. Maintaining a healthy weight gain during pregnancy: Excessive weight gain during pregnancy can increase the risk of premature birth.
8. Avoiding preterm contractions: Preterm contractions can be a sign of impending preterm labor, so it's important to be aware of them and seek medical attention if they occur.
9. Prolonged gestation: Prolonging pregnancy beyond 37 weeks may reduce the risk of premature birth.
10. Cervical cerclage: A cervical cerclage is a stitch used to close the cervix and prevent preterm birth in women with a short cervix or other risk factors.

It's important to note that not all of these strategies will be appropriate or effective for every woman, so it's important to discuss your individual risk factors and any concerns you may have with your healthcare provider.

Ozone is one of the criteria air pollutants. Other organizations have put forth air standards such as the Occupational Safety ... Dilution of indoor pollutants with outdoor air is effective to the extent that outdoor air is free of harmful pollutants. Ozone ... Common pollutants of indoor air include: Secondhand tobacco smoke, air pollutants from indoor combustion, radon, molds and ... "Criteria Air Pollutants". 2014-04-09. "Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA) regulations for ozone. , ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoor_air_quality

"Health Effects Notebook for Hazardous Air Pollutants". EPA.gov. 25 April 2016. Retrieved 2020-03-03. "Chemical Sampling ... Information - Chromium (VI) (Hexavalent Chromium) - Occupational Safety and Health Administration". www.osha.gov. Archived from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plating

Izmerov was responsible for environmental health: environmental toxicants, water and air pollutants. He guided the United ... 13 October 1994). Declaration on Occupational Health For All (PDF). Beijing, Geneva: WHO Collaborating Centres in Occupational ... 2018). "The 95th anniversary of the world's oldest scientific institution for occupational diseases". Occupational and ... was a Soviet and Russian occupational hygienist and public figure, who made significant contributions to occupational hygiene. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Izmerov

Cannabis plants produce volatile organic compound in great enough amounts to increase the criteria air pollutants in indoor and ... This creates an occupational health hazard in areas with large numbers of plants. Cannabis in California is a frequent focus of ... The air is forced past the ozone generator by the extraction fan, and the odorous air is neutralized as it mixes with the ozone ... Many cultivators simply attach a large carbon filter to their air extraction system, thereby filtering any smell before the air ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_cultivation

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_cannabis_cultivation

Silveyra's research interests center on the effect of environmental exposures -specifically inhaled air pollutants and ... The same year, she was named interim chairperson for the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health. ... Her research interests include sex differences in innate immunity, lung disease, air pollution exposure effects, and mechanisms ... Patricia Silveyra Named Interim Chair for the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health: : News: News & Events: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patricia_Silveyra

In 2008, the report of United Kingdom Committee on the Medical Effects of Air Pollutants (COMEAP) suggested that air pollution ... Occupational exposures constitute the highest risk of toxicity and it is often high for farmers especially those that deal with ... It is one of the major air pollutants capable of causing severe health hazards such as coronary artery disease as well as ... Nitrogen dioxide is an irritant of the mucous membrane linked with another air pollutant that causes pulmonary diseases such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide_poisoning

"Indoor Pollutant Emissions from Electronic Office Equipment, California Air Resources Board Air Pollution Seminar Series". ... Indoor Air Quality, and occupational stress". Indoor Air. 25 (5): 499-511. doi:10.1111/ina.12158. PMID 25244340.{{cite journal ... A 2015 study concerning the association of SBS and indoor air pollutants in office buildings in Iran found that, as carbon ... Indoor Air Pollution: An Introduction for Health Professionals (PDF). Indoor Air Division (6609J): U.S. Environmental ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sick_building_syndrome

... through air pollution or parental occupational exposure, with poor fetal growth, reduced immune function, and poorer ... Persistent organic pollutants under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution). ... WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected Pollutants. Geneva: World Health Organization. Johnsen, Anders R.; Wick, Lukas ... WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality: Selected Pollutants. Geneva: World Health Organization. Dobrogowski, Miłosz; Wesołowski ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbon

This occurs through exposure to lead in paint and lead contaminated soil as well as indoor air pollutants such as second-hand ... In addition, occupational hazards can add to the detrimental effects of poor housing conditions. It has been reported that a ... Such examples include higher rates of morbidity and mortality for those in lower occupational classes than those in higher ... Figure 13.2 This is also true of the difference between mortality across all occupational classes in highly equal Sweden as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_equity

Air pollutants that are first deposited on the soil, such as heavy metals, first affect the functioning of roots and interfere ... Metals are usually emitted into the air as particulates as well. There are also many occupational health hazards that miners ... Air pollutants have a negative impact on plant growth, primarily through interfering with resource accumulation. Once leaves ... There are many diseases that can come from the pollutants that are released into the air and water during the mining process. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_effects_of_mining

Criteria Air Pollutants - Volume I". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. pp. 10, 24, 32. Retrieved 2017-06-28. "Machine- ... U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. July 1997. Retrieved 2017-06-28. Ray, Alison E.; Vaughn, David L. ( ... It is important that the air conditioning system not cycle over the same period as the TEOM instrument, because this can cause ... TEOM devices operate continuously and do not need filter changes as frequently as high-volume air samplers. Mechanical noise ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tapered_element_oscillating_microbalance

Criteria Air Pollutants - Volume I". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. pp. 10, 24, 32. Retrieved 2017-06-28. v t e ( ... National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. 2016-12-30. Retrieved 2017-06-28. Gilliam, Joseph H.; Hall, Eric S. ( ... TEOM-based devices have been approved by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for environmental air quality monitoring, and ... 2016-07-13). "Reference and Equivalent Methods Used to Measure National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbalance

... which lower the PEL to 50 micrograms per cubic meter of silica in the air. A study by National Institute for Occupational ... contained known or possible human carcinogens regulated under the Safe Drinking Water Act or listed as hazardous air pollutants ... 2013). "Occupational exposures to respirable crystalline silica during hydraulic fracturing". Journal of Occupational and ... In 2013 the United States the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_fracking_in_the_United_States

Hazardous air pollutants, IARC Group 3 carcinogens). ... "Occupational Safety and Health Guideline for Anisidine (o-, p- ... A white solid, commercial samples can appear grey-brown owing to air oxidation. It is one of three isomers of anisidine, ... 0035". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Weast, Robert C., ed. (1981). CRC Handbook of Chemistry ... 0035". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata, Pages using collapsible ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-Anisidine

Hazardous air pollutants, IARC Group 2B carcinogens, Occupational safety and health). ... A table of occupational exposure limits (OELs) from various jurisdictions follows. In general, the OELs range from 0.55 ppm to ... The primary occupational concern for chloroprene is limited to the facilities producing chloroprene and using chloroprene to ... It is reactive toward air, giving peroxides, which are also toxic. No evidence of carcinogenicity. Handling of and exposure to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroprene

Pollutants, Surfactants, Environment and health, Occupational safety and health, Hazardous air pollutants). ... "Ischaemic heart disease mortality study among workers with occupational exposure to ammonium perfluorooctanoate". Occupational ... Occupational exposure to PFASs occurs in numerous industries due to the widespread use of PFASs in products and as an element ... However, occupational exposure to PFASs in manufacturing continues to be an active area of study in China with numerous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-_and_polyfluoroalkyl_substances

Hazardous air pollutants, Hydrocarbon solvents, IARC Group 1 carcinogens, Immunotoxins, Mutagens, Occupational safety and ... Kolmetz, Gentry, Guidelines for BTX Revamps, AIChE 2007 Spring Conference "Control of Hazardous Air Pollutants From Mobile ... The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has set a permissible exposure limit of 1 part of benzene per ... Measurement of air and water levels of benzene is accomplished through collection via activated charcoal tubes, which are then ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benzene

Air Force Occupational Safety and Health (AFOSH) Standard 48-8, Attachment 8 reviews the considerations for occupational ... Hazardous air pollutants, Rocket fuels, Monopropellants, Corrosion inhibitors, Monoamine oxidase inhibitors, Reducing agents, ... "Air Force Occupational Safety and Health (AFOSH) Standard 48-8" (PDF). USAF. 1 Sep 1997. Retrieved 23 Nov 2018. Miessler GL, ... The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lists it as a "potential occupational carcinogen". The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrazine

... air pollutants, occupational MeSH D27.888.284.101.393 - air pollutants, radioactive MeSH D27.888.284.295 - endocrine disruptors ... air pollutants MeSH D27.888.284.101.143 - air pollutants, environmental MeSH D27.888.284.101.143.631 - oxidants, photochemical ... soil pollutants MeSH D27.888.284.756.674 - soil pollutants, radioactive MeSH D27.888.284.903 - water pollutants MeSH D27.888. ... 284.903.655 - water pollutants, chemical MeSH D27.888.284.903.821 - water pollutants, radioactive MeSH D27.888.569.035 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D27)

Hazardous air pollutants, IARC Group 1 carcinogens, Occupational safety and health, Organic compounds with 1 carbon atom). ... it is one of the more common indoor air pollutants. At concentrations above 0.1 ppm in air, formaldehyde can irritate the eyes ... "Indoor Air Pollution in California" (PDF). Air Resources Board, California Environmental Protection Agency. July 2005. pp. 65- ... Formaldehyde levels in air can be sampled and tested in several ways, including impinger, treated sorbent, and passive monitors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formaldehyde

Hazardous air pollutants, Hydrocarbon solvents, Soil contamination, Commodity chemicals, Petrochemicals, Aromatic solvents, ... The use of impervious gloves and masks, along with respirators where appropriate, is recommended to avoid occupational health ... The odor of xylene is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 to 3.7 ppm (parts of xylene per million parts of air) and can ... "Xylene (Mixed Isomers), Air Toxic Hazard Summary". United States Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved 8 February 2015. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xylene

Hazardous air pollutants, Monomers, Vinylbenzenes, C2-Benzenes, Commodity chemicals, Phenyl compounds, Occupational safety and ... "Ototoxic effects of occupational exposure to styrene and co-exposure to styrene and noise". Journal of Occupational and ... Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. SHIB 03-08-2018. ... "Styrene". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styrene

Hazardous air pollutants, IARC Group 2B carcinogens). ... National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). ... o-Anisidine is a dangerous pollutant from the production of dyes. It is listed as RCRA hazardous waste, with the code K181. The ... A colorless liquid, commercial samples can appear yellow owing to air oxidation. It is one of three isomers of the methoxy- ... 0034". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). "o-Anisidine". Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O-Anisidine

Hazardous air pollutants, Neurotoxins, Dichalcogenides, Occupational safety and health, Foul-smelling chemicals). ... "Occupational health and safety - chemical exposure". www.sbu.se. Swedish Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Assessment ... Occupational exposure to carbon disulfide is also associated with cardiovascular disease, particularly stroke. In 2000, the WHO ... Resources on Carbon Disulfide by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Blanc, Paul David (2016). Fake silk ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_disulfide

Hazardous air pollutants, Hydrocarbon solvents, Antiknock agents, Alkylbenzenes, Commodity chemicals, Petrochemicals, GABAA ... Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. SHIB 03-08-2018. ... January 2001). "Effects of low-level occupational exposure to styrene on color vision: dose relation with a urinary metabolite ... "Health Effects of Toluene" Archived 2010-11-25 at the Wayback Machine, Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toluene

Hazardous air pollutants, IARC Group 1 carcinogens, Industrial minerals, Occupational safety and health). ... The Clean Air Act also bans asbestos pipe insulation and asbestos block insulation on components such as boilers and hot water ... The US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has standards to protect workers from the hazards of exposure to ... Occupational Exposure to Asbestos, Tremolite, Anthophyllite and Actinolite Archived 3 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine. U.S. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asbestos

Hazardous air pollutants, Industrial gases, Occupational safety and health, Oxidizing agents, Pulmonary agents, Reactive ... He called it "dephlogisticated muriatic acid air" since it is a gas (then called "airs") and it came from hydrochloric acid ( ... Environmental Considerations and Alternatives National Pollutant Inventory - Chlorine National Institute for Occupational ... "Syrian air force behind 2018 chlorine attack on Saraqeb, OPCW finds" BBC News. April 12, 2021. "Blood (Serum) Chloride Level ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine

... environmental protection and occupational health and safety agencies. Such regulations involve a number of different ... Air pollutant concentrations, as measured or as calculated by air pollution dispersion modeling, must often be converted or ... Regulations that define and limit the concentration of pollutants in the ambient air or in gaseous emissions to the ambient air ... Air pollutant concentrations expressed as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air (e.g., mg/m3, μg/m3, etc.) at sea level will ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollutant_concentrations

... with occupational safety and health have promulgated regulations limiting the allowable concentrations of gaseous pollutants in ... This article presents a set of useful conversions and formulas for air dispersion modeling of atmospheric pollutants and for ... More conversions and formulas useful in air dispersion modeling are available in the feature articles at www.air-dispersion.com ... gram mole Atmospheric pollutant concentrations expressed as mass per unit volume of atmospheric air (e.g., mg/m3, µg/m3, etc.) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Useful_conversions_and_formulas_for_air_dispersion_modeling

As with many other phosphorus-containing flame retardants, TPhP has been found widely in sediment, soil, indoor dust, and air. ... In contrast to many persistent organic pollutants, TPHP has limited affinity for lipids. Still, bioaccumulation of the compound ... 0644". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). "Triphenyl phosphate". Immediately Dangerous to Life or ... Health Concentrations (IDLH). National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Svara, Jürgen; Weferling, Norbert ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triphenyl_phosphate

It is lighter than air, its density being 0.589 times that of air. It is easily liquefied due to the strong hydrogen bonding ... for the Minnesota Department of Agriculture.ammoniaspills.org National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health - Ammonia ... temple of Amun in Siwa oasis collected a white crystalline material from the ceiling and walls caused by various pollutants. ... The flammable range of ammonia in dry air is 15.15-27.35% and in 100% relative humidity air is 15.95-26.55%. For studying the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonia

According to the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) workers have the right to a safe workplace that do not pose ... This act does not address pollution, which is regulated through the Clean Air Act, Clean Water Act and the Resource ... The main health problems associated with environmental chemical pollutants are asthma, lead poisoning and obesity. It is ... Occupational exposure to chemicals can happen through direct skin contact, inhalation, ingestion or eye contact. People working ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_Substances_Control_Act_of_1976

Hazardous air pollutants, Cresols, Multiple compounds, tabular). ... The Occupational Safety and Health Administration has set a ... Like other types of phenols, they are slowly oxidized by exposure to air, and the resulting impurities often give the samples a ... while the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommends a limit of 2.3 ppm (10 mg/m3). Dihydroxytoluene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cresol

US maximum allowed exposure in air (40 h/week) is 1900 mg/m3 for ethanol, 900 mg/m3 for gasoline, and 1260 mg/m3 for methanol. ... existing pollutants or flammables in the fire (such as tires or asphalt) will color and enhance the visibility of the fire. ... Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 29: 44. doi:10.1186/s40557-017-0197-5. PMC 5625597. PMID 29026612. (PDF) ... Since methanol vapor is heavier than air, it will linger close to the ground or in a pit unless there is good ventilation, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol_fuel

"Nitrogen oxides , Air pollutants". www.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 2020-07-03. Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of ... Workers in industries where NO 2 is used are also exposed and are at risk for occupational lung diseases, and NIOSH has set ... The influence of indoor air pollutants on health is important because the majority of people in the world spend more than 80% ... Additionally, because home insulation is improving, this can result in greater retention of indoor air pollutants, such as NO 2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_dioxide

Air pollutants from these operations have caused acute physical symptoms, such as respiratory illnesses, wheezing, increased ... Viegas, S.; Faísca, V. M.; Dias, H.; Clérigo, A.; Carolino, E.; Viegas, C. (2013). "Occupational Exposure to Poultry Dust and ... Concentrated hog feeding operations release air pollutants from confinement buildings, manure holding pits, and land ... Approximately seven million people die from air pollution exposure every year. Air pollution often exacerbates respiratory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_meat_production

People who come in contact with these air pollutants can have severe health problems such as respiratory issues, cardiovascular ... The Occupational Safety and Health Administration within the U.S. Department of Labor is in charge of regulating oil extraction ... The Occupational Safety and Health Administration within the U.S. Department of Labor sets the requirements oil companies must ... While the Clean Air Act postulates regulations and rules limiting the emissions of greenhouse gases, other laws are concerned ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_regulations_in_the_United_States

"Occupational Health Guideline for Ozone" (PDF). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Alexander, D. D.; Bailey, W. H.; ... Another study showed that ozone can react with other constituents, namely cleaning agents to increase pollutants such as ... Air ionisers are used in air purifiers to remove particles from air. Airborne particles become charged as they attract charged ... Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 56:601-610. May 2006. "Indoor Air Chemistry: Cleaning Agents, Ozone and Toxic Air Contaminants" (PDF ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_ioniser

Since then, for the first time in Indian history, major air pollutant concentrations have dropped in every 5-year period. ... Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 15 (3): 93-96. doi:10.4103/0019-5278.93196. PMC 3299104. PMID ... The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act was passed in 1981 to regulate air pollution and there have been some ... Air pollutant emissions from rice straw open field burning in India, Thailand and the Philippines, Environmental Pollution, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_India

It can be found in the soil, ground water, air, and in small concentrations in food. Arsenic has many applications such as in ... The development of diabetes has been linked to arsenic exposure from drinking water and occupational contact. Pesticides are ... Particular members of the organotin class of persistent organic pollutants (POPs), namely tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin ( ... Lind L, Lind PM (Jun 2012). "Can persistent organic pollutants and plastic-associated chemicals cause cardiovascular disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesogen

National Pollutant Inventory - Mercury and compounds fact sheet Information at Webelements. (Articles without InChI source, ... "Mercury (II) oxide". International Occupational Safety and Health Information Centre. Retrieved 2009-06-06. Wikimedia Commons ... "dephlogisticated air," as that was the paradigm that he was working under at the time). The red form of HgO can be made by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury(II)_oxide

Organic Indoor Air Pollutants (2nd edn), ed. T. Salthammer and E. Uhde, Wiley-VCH, 2009, chapter 6, http://eu.wiley.com/ ... This principle was first widely employed for occupational monitoring, in the form of personal badge-type monitors containing a ... Also developed in the 1970s was a method by which volatiles in the air were collected by diffusion onto tubes packed with a ... Injector liners were packed with a compound able to adsorb organic compounds, used to sample air or gas, and then dropped into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytical_thermal_desorption

Using this technology, it is possible to control the combustion rate of the waste and therefore reduce the air pollutants ... Occupational safety and health). ... Starved air incineration is another method used to treat ... Starved air incineration is an improvement of the traditional incinerators in terms of air pollution. ... When heavy metals in these types of ashes go through the proper treatment, they could bind to other pollutants and convert them ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazardous_waste

He prepared CuCl by heating CuCl2 at red heat in the absence of air, causing it to lose half of its combined chlorine followed ... National Pollutant Inventory - Copper and compounds fact sheet The COPureSM Process for purifying CO utilizing a copper ... 0150". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Pastor, Antonio C. (1986) U.S. Patent 4,582,579 "Method ... White copper(I) chloride crystals on copper wire Copper(I) chloride partially oxidized in air Copper(I) chloride has the cubic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper(I)_chloride

By air: Over five percent of the global fish production is transported by air. Air transport needs special care in preparation ... The magnitude of waste management issues depends on how much waste volume there is, the nature of the pollutants it carries, ... industries and occupations Volume 3 of Encyclopaedia of Occupational Health and Safety, International Labour Organization. ISBN ... The air shipment of leaking seafood packages causes corrosion damage to aircraft, and each year, in the US, requires millions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_processing

It also blackens in the presence of certain atmospheric pollutants, although this can be reversed. Lead is not a traditional ... Occupational and Environmental Medicine. PubMed. 59 (4): 234-242. doi:10.1136/oem.59.4.234. PMC 1740274. PMID 11934950. "Some ... the paint's lead carbonate reacts with hydrogen sulfide in the air and with acids, which often come from fingerprints. Paint ... ISBN 0-486-20327-1. EPA guide to lead safety National Pollutant Inventory (Australia) - Lead and lead compounds fact sheet ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_paint

National Pollutant Inventory - Oxide of nitrogen fact sheet National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health - Nitrous ... "air", could be tapped into portable air bags (made of airtight oily silk). The breathing apparatus consisted of one of the ... "Factitious Airs". The machine to produce "Factitious Airs" had three parts: a furnace to burn the needed material, a vessel ... If air were used as a propellant, oxygen would accelerate rancidification of the butterfat, but nitrous oxide inhibits such ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrous_oxide

California Air Resources Board (October 1989). "Definition of a Low Emission Motor Vehicle in Compliance with the Mandates of ... Atmospheric concentrations above one part per thousand are above the European Union occupational exposure limits. The ... and other ozone-forming pollutants. Argonne National Laboratory analyzed greenhouse gas emissions of many different engine and ... The California Air Resources Board formalized this issue in 2008 by recognizing control standards for formaldehydes as an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol

Unlike the criteria air pollutants, mercury is classified under the Act as a hazardous air pollutant and is thus subject to ... The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommends that exposures to mercury metal be limited to an ... The recently released final rules address hazardous air pollutant ("HAP") emission standards for industrial, commercial and ... "EPA: Clean Air Mercury Rule". Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. "FACT SHEET PROPOSED MERCURY AND AIR TOXICS STANDARDS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_regulation_in_the_United_States

"Ambient (outdoor) air pollution". www.who.int. Retrieved 2020-07-31. National Ambient Air Quality Standards for Ozone. ... While this makes ozone a potent respiratory hazard and pollutant near ground level, a higher concentration in the ozone layer ( ... What are the main health hazards associated with breathing in ozone?, Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety ... California Certified Air Cleaning Devices. From California Air Resources Board. Jeannie Allen (2003-08-22). "Watching Our Ozone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone

Hazardous air pollutants, Hypnotics, Sedatives, 5-HT3 agonists). ... National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). ... 0404". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). "International Programme On Chemical Safety, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,1,1-Trichloroethane

It also passed the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1970, which established deadlines for the reduction of certain pollutants from ... occupational safety and health, equal rights for women, manpower training, and funds for the supersonic transport plane (SST). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lame-duck_session

"The Air Navigation (Restriction of Flying) (Royal International Air Tattoo, Royal Air Force Fairford) Regulations 2019". ... "The Occupational and Personal Pension Schemes (Amendment etc.) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019". Legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 ... "The Persistent Organic Pollutants (Amendment) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019". Legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 22 October 2019. "The ... "The Air Navigation (Minimum Age for Operators of Small Unmanned Aircraft) Regulations 2019". Legislation.gov.uk. Retrieved 4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Statutory_Instruments_of_the_United_Kingdom,_2019

Minor air pollutants include: A large number of minor hazardous air pollutants. Some of these are regulated in USA under the ... Huang, Yuh-Chin T. (October 2014). "Outdoor air pollution: a global perspective". Journal of Occupational and Environmental ... The risk of air pollution is determined by the pollutant's hazard and the amount of exposure to that pollutant. Air pollution ... Global warming portal Air pollutant concentrations Air pollution measurement Air stagnation ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_pollution

We attempted to determine the association between occupational and air pollutant exposure with the development of adult asthma ... Asthma related to occupational and ambient air pollutants in nonsmokers J R Greer 1 , D E Abbey, R J Burchette ... Asthma related to occupational and ambient air pollutants in nonsmokers J R Greer et al. J Occup Med. 1993 Sep. ... We attempted to determine the association between occupational and air pollutant exposure with the development of adult asthma ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8229343

... industrial and occupational pollutants, food additives and preservatives, drugs such as aspirin, and emotional stress. Asthma ... Indoor Air Pollution. Numerous forms of indoor air pollution are possible in the modern home. Air pollutant levels in the home ... Indoor pollutants can be placed into two groups, biologic and chemical.. Biologic Pollutants. Biologic pollutants include ... poor air circulation, soil air entry into basements, contact of humid unconditioned air with cooled interior surfaces, and poor ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/publications/books/housing/cha05.htm

Results of search for su:{Air pollutants, Occupational} Refine your search. *. Availability. * Limit to currently available ... Ambient air pollutants from industrial sources : a reference handbook / edited by Michael J. Suess and Klaus Grefen, Dieter W. ... Workplace air, determination of vinyl, charcoal tube/gas chromatographic method = Air des lieux de travail, détermination du ... Air des lieux de travail, détermination du chlorure de vinyle, méthode par tube à charbon actif/chromatographie en phase ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BAir%20pollutants%2C%20Occupational%7D

Start Over You searched for: Subjects Air Pollutants, Occupational ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Air Pollutants, Occupational ... Occupational Exposure. Air Pollutants, Occupational. Health Surveys. Illinois 2. Report of the Section on Practice of Medicine ... Air Pollutants, Occupational. Motor Vehicles. Weapons. Ventilation. Military Personnel. World War II. United States 10. Project ... Air Pollutants, Occupational. Motor Vehicles. Vehicle Emissions. Ventilation. Military Personnel. World War II. United States 9 ...

https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/?f%5Bdrep2.subjectAggregate%5D%5B%5D=Air+Pollutants%2C+Occupational

Air Pollutants, Occupational / analysis * Air Pollutants, Occupational / toxicity* * Cough / epidemiology* * Dust* / analysis ... Method: A questionnaire concerning airway symptoms and occupational history was answered by 79% of a cohort of 484 welders. A ... The prevalence of work-related symptoms among mild steel welders was studied, and the occupational exposure to welding fumes ... More than 50% of the Mn concentrations exceeded the Swedish occupational exposure limit (OEL). Mainly, low concentrations of ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23979145/?dopt=Abstract

Nearly 200 air toxics have been associated with adverse health effects in occupational studies or laboratory studies, but have ... Personal Exposures to Toxic Air Pollutants, Vol. 2. Houston, TX; The University of Texas - Houston, Health Science Center, ... U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Organic Vapors, Method 07 in Analytical Methods Manual. Salt Lake ... levels in blood is essential to determine the need for regulatory mechanisms to reduce the levels of hazardous air pollutants ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/2001-2002/L04VOC_B.htm

Air-contamination; Pollutants; Chemical-manufacturing-industry; Humans; Men; Women; Occupational-exposure; Occupational- ... OBJECTIVES: Setting occupational exposure limits (OELs) for odorous or irritating chemicals is a global occupational health ... The method described in this paper could also be extended to setting limits for ambient air contaminants where risk perception ... A proposed approach for setting occupational exposure limits for sensory irritants based on chemosensory models. ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=%27eye+injur%2A%27+OR+%27eye+burn%2A%27+OR+%27eye+disorder%2A%27+OR+%27eye+irrita%2A%27+OR+%27eye+protect%2A%27+OR+%27vision+disorder%2A%27+OR+%27ocular%2A%27+OR+%27eyesight%2A%27+OR+%27eye+damage%2A%27&f1=%2A&Startyear=&terms=3&Adv=1&ct=&B1=Search&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&D1=10&EndYear=&PageNo=35&RecNo=343&View=f&

Air Pollution, Indoor. en. dc.subject.mesh. Air Pollutants. en. dc.subject.mesh. Occupational Exposure. en. ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/54643?show=full

Occupational exposures. *Criteria air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, etc.), short-term. *Criteria air pollutants (PM2.5, NO2, etc.), ... Geocoding of Participant Residential Addresses and Acquisition of Occupational History.(Tentatively planned for 2023). ... Hazardous air pollutants (Benzene, PAHs, etc.), short-term. *Hazardous air pollutants (Benzene, PAHs, etc.), annual-average ...

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-PM-22-001.html

... air and water pollutant. ... Rationale: High production volume; potential for occupational ...

https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/nm-n88305

Air quality monitoring; Air pollutants; Air contaminants; Air analysis; Textile workers; Lung cancer; Cancer rates; Carcinogens ... However, in most occupational settings the majority of asbestos fibers are too small to count by PCM. If asbestos exposure ... Occupational standards for asbestos exposure in the US are based on visual counting of particles by phase contrast microscopy ( ... The project applied innovative epidemiological methods to estimation of associations between occupational exposures and disease ...

http://www2.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=asbestos%2A&f1=TI&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=asbestos%2A&B1=Search&terms=3&Adv=1&f2=KW&Limit=500&Sort=DP%2BDESC&D1=75&EndYear=&PageNo=1&RecNo=60&View=f&

Air Pollutants / analysis* Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH * Add to Search ... Pollutants in house dust as indicators of indoor contamination. Butte W, Heinzow B. Butte W, et al. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol ... Seasonal and occupational trends of five organophosphate pesticides in house dust. Smith MN, Workman T, McDonald KM, Vredevoogd ... For the para-occupational pathway, GMs were 2.3 times higher [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5, 3.3; 15 statistics, five ...

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27458779

MeSH Terms: Adult; Air Pollutants*; Asthma; Autism Spectrum Disorder/epidemiology*; Case-Control Studies; Child; Denmark/ ... Parental occupational asthmagen exposure was estimated by linking DISCO-88 codes to an asthma-specific job-exposure matrix.Our ... Title: Parental exposures to occupational asthmagens and risk of autism spectrum disorder in a Danish population-based case- ... We found a weak inverse association between ASD and any maternal occupational asthmagen exposure, adjusting for ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/index.cfm?do=portfolio.publicationDetail&id=3263466

Categories: Air Pollutants, Occupational Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Air+Pollutants,+Occupational&parentid=2237&catid=2239

Urban-rural-occupational air pollutants or respiratory sensitizers impact asthma and the asthma-COPD overlap features, said an ... "Urban-rural-occupational air pollutants or respiratory sensitizers impact asthma and the asthma-COPD overlap features," Jill A ... Cite this: Asthma-COPD Overlap Linked to Occupational Pollutants - Medscape - Mar 09, 2021. ... While air pollution did not increase the risk of developing asthma-COPD overlap, there was an association between body mass ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/947124

4. Association of air pollutants, airborne occupational exposures, and chronic rhinosinusitis disease severity.. Velasquez N; ...

https://pubmedhh.nlm.nih.gov/biomarkers/search.php?id=30368005&mod=related&page=1&outid=&proj=

In most jurisdictions, these pollutants are also subject to ambient air quality standards and occupational health exposure ... Engine Exhaust Pollutants. Motor vehicles are a significant source of air pollution and adverse health effects, particularly in ... The health outcomes associated with the most common air pollutants (NO2, EC, and PM2.5) with a confidence assessment rated ... The task of quantifying the health effects of air pollution and correlating them with the exposure to particular pollutants is ...

https://dieselnet.com/tech/emissions_effects_health.php

But when its down here, closer to us in the air that we breathe, its a pollutant. ... According to the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety, even very low concentrations of ozone can be harmful to ... The perennial household nuisance actually purifies the air by neutralizing ozone that can harm our lungs. ... Its these skin flakes that clean the air. Their squalene helps neutralize ozone. ...

https://www.thestar.com/life/health_wellness/news_research/2011/05/16/dust_might_be_good_for_you_study.html

Toxicokinetic evaluation of the common indoor air pollutant, α-pinene, and its potential reactive metabolite, α-pinene oxide, ... Toxicokinetic evaluation of the common indoor air pollutant, α-pinene, and its potential reactive metabolite, α-pinene oxide, ... of all occupational disease deaths, according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). These ... The Occupational and Inhalation Exposures (OIE) Program has the following objectives:. *Assess the human health hazard ...

https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/atniehs/dtt/strategic-plan/exposure/occupational/index.cfm

Air Pollutants [D27.888.284.101] * Air Pollutants, Occupational [D27.888.284.101.268] * Air Pollutants, Radioactive [D27.888. ... AIR POLLUTANTS OCCUP. Entry Term(s). Occupational Air Pollutants Registry Number. 0. NLM Classification #. WA 450. See Also. ... Air Pollutants, Occupational Preferred Concept UI. M0000601. Registry Number. 0. Scope Note. Toxic air-borne matter related to ... 84; was see under AIR POLLUTANTS 1975-83. History Note. 84(75); was see under AIR POLLUTANTS 1975-83. Date Established. 1984/01 ...

https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?name=Air+Pollutants,+Occupational

Biological air pollutants are found to some degree in every home, school, and workplace. Sources include outdoor air and human ... For information relating to occupational exposures, contact the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (202-523-6091) or ... Formaldehyde is one of the best known volatile organic compound (VOC) pollutants, and is one of the few indoor air pollutants ... Air cleaning alone cannot adequately remove all pollutants typically found in indoor air. ...

https://www.cpsc.gov/safety-education/safety-guides/home/indoor-air-pollution-introduction-health-professionals

... compliance with standards for air pollutants established by the Clean Air Act. Data collected through this system are also used ... Environmental and Occupational Health - Lead Poisoning. *XII. Environmental and Occupational Health - Occupational Safety and ... Environmental and Occupational Health. *XII. Environmental and Occupational Health - Environmental Health Laboratory Sciences- ... Environmental and Occupational Health - Birth Defects Prevention. *XII. Environmental and Occupational Health - Disability ...

https://www.cdc.gov/program/performance/fy2000plan/2000xvii.htm

... occupational exposures and air pollutants, and poor nutrition [6, 7]. However, of these shared risk factors, only older age, ... cigarette smoking, and occupational exposures have been specifically investigated as risk factors for airway disease among ...

https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/events/2021/virtual-workshop-rheumatoid-arthritis-asthma-copd

... occupational leukaemogens; occupational particulates; outdoor air pollutants; indoor air pollutants from solid fuel combustion ... Unlike indoor air pollution, outdoor air pollutants have impact on all three groups of countries. The major sources of outdoor ... Air quality. WHO estimates that in each year, indoor and outdoor air pollution kill about 145 000 and 117 000 people ... Action to manage these risks is cost-effective and can result in major reductions in the burden of disease associated with air ...

https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-vol-20-2014/volume-20-issue-10/regional-committee-decisions.html

The concentrations of air pollutants emitted from SP investigated are lower than other studies. On the other hand, the ... Overall, the operation of APCDs should be improved to reduce air pollutants emitted from these two steel-making processes. ... to evaluate the performance of APCDs and emission characteristics of these air pollutants. The results show that filterable PM ... NOx and CO at the inlet and outlet of the air pollution control devices (APCDs) adopted in sintering process (SP) and electric ...

https://aaqr.org/articles/aaqr-21-06-oa-0140

If asbestos exposure estimates based upon PCM methods were strictly proportional to total exposure to all etiologically-relevant asbestos fibers then a policy that regulated asbestos exposure as measured by PCM might suffice to control etiologically-relevant occupational asbestos exposures. (cdc.gov)
The project applied innovative epidemiological methods to estimation of associations between occupational exposures and disease in settings of complex, protracted occupational exposure histories, and potential bias due to health-related selection out of employment. (cdc.gov)
Parental exposures to occupational asthmagens and risk of autism spectrum disorder in a Danish population-based case-control study. (nih.gov)
It's also important to recognize occupational exposures that can be both seen in an urban or rural environment [can] contribute to asthma-COPD overlap. (medscape.com)
Fatalities from respiratory diseases and cancers caused by inhalation exposures account for approximately 70% of all occupational disease deaths, according to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). (nih.gov)
Inhalation exposures to toxic compounds tend to occur more frequently in occupational settings, although the general population can also be exposed to similar hazards through inhalation in the environment or consumer use. (nih.gov)
Across these independent studies, shared risk factors for RA and airway disease were determined to include older age, cigarette smoking, lower socioeconomic status, infections and microbial dysbiosis, occupational exposures and air pollutants, and poor nutrition [6, 7]. (nih.gov)
However, of these shared risk factors, only older age, cigarette smoking, and occupational exposures have been specifically investigated as risk factors for airway disease among patients with RA. (nih.gov)
Travelers should be mindful of, and limit exposures to, outdoor and indoor air pollution and carbon monoxide ( Table 4-02 ). (cdc.gov)
The researchers note that the study results are "parallel" to findings regarding "other environmental toxicants" and "air pollutants," suggesting a need to inspect the impact of occupational and environmental exposures on the severity of COVID-19. (personalinjurylawcal.com)
Dr. Bailey has investigated exposures to alternating current, direct current, and radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, 'stray voltage', and electrical shock, as well as to a variety of chemical agents and air pollutants. (exponent.com)

Indoor air pollution and exposure to hazardous substances in the home are risks we can do something about. (cdc.gov)
Information on levels of exposure to these compounds as measured by their levels in blood is essential to determine the need for regulatory mechanisms to reduce the levels of hazardous air pollutants to which the general population is exposed. (cdc.gov)
Action to manage these risks is cost-effective and can result in major reductions in the burden of disease associated with air pollution, chemical toxins, radiation, hazardous wastes and traffic accidents. (who.int)
Other products used by janitorial staff such as floor strippers also impact indoor air quality and are hazardous to workers. (turi.org)
Styrene is one of many substances selected for TRI reporting as a hazardous air pollutant. (styrene.org)
The U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulates styrene as a hazardous substance because of short-term reversible central nervous system effects such as drowsiness and delayed reaction time that may be experienced from exposure to styrene in the workplace. (styrene.org)
Zimmetry Environmental offers testing and consulting services to identify hazardous materials and mitigate occupational exposure risks at recycling and reuse facilities. (webwire.com)
Protecting workers and the environment from hazardous materials and airborne pollutants are the professionals at Zimmetry Environmental. (webwire.com)

The common air pollutants emitted with engine exhaust include particulate matter, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides. (dieselnet.com)
Motor vehicles emit a variety of air pollutants including nitrogen oxides, elemental carbon (EC), particulate matter ≤2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 2.5 ), ultrafine particles (UFP), heavy metals, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and volatile organic compounds (VOC). (dieselnet.com)
The association between long-term exposure to air pollutants, including nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), and particulate matter 10 μm or less in diameter (PM 10 ), and mortality by ischemic heart disease (IHD), cerebrovascular disease (CVD), pneumonia (PN), and chronic lower respiratory disease (CLRD) is unclear. (biomedcentral.com)

The lung is the most common site of injury by airborne pollutants. (cpsc.gov)

The samples were then processed and analyzed to measure concentrations of pollutants known as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are linked with poor health outcomes, including different types of cancer. (eurekalert.org)
PAHs also attach themselves to particles in the air, meaning once they settle, they can be moved around by flood waters. (eurekalert.org)

We attempted to determine the association between occupational and air pollutant exposure with the development of adult asthma through the analysis of a standardized respiratory questionnaire administered to a cohort of 3914 nonsmoking adults in 1977 and again in 1987. (nih.gov)
Effects of long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution on respiratory and cardiovascular mortality in the Netherlands: the NLCS-AIR study. (nih.gov)
Urban-rural-occupational air pollutants or respiratory sensitizers impact asthma and the asthma-COPD overlap features," Jill A. Poole, MD, division chief of allergy and immunology at the University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, said in her presentation. (medscape.com)
According to the Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety , even very low concentrations of ozone can be harmful to the upper respiratory tract and the lungs. (thestar.com)
The health outcomes associated with the most common air pollutants (NO 2 , EC, and PM 2.5 ) with a confidence assessment rated 'high' or 'moderate-to-high' included: asthma onset in children and adults, acute lower respiratory infection in children, and mortality-from all-causes and circulatory, from lung cancer, and from ischemic heart disease. (dieselnet.com)
Because a few prominent aspects of indoor air pollution, notably environmental tobacco smoke and "sick building syndrome," have been brought to public attention, individuals may volunteer suggestions of a connection between respiratory or other symptoms and conditions in the home or, especially, the workplace. (cpsc.gov)
Inhalation exposure could result in occupational asthma, allergies, hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and other respiratory diseases. (webwire.com)

Ambient air pollution concentrations were estimated over a 20-year period using monthly interpolations from fixed-site monitoring stations applied to zip code locations by month of residence and work site. (nih.gov)
Thus, for many people, the risks to health from exposure to indoor air pollution may be greater than risks from outdoor pollution. (cdc.gov)
Numerous forms of indoor air pollution are possible in the modern home. (cdc.gov)
While air pollution did not increase the risk of developing asthma-COPD overlap, there was an association between body mass index, low level of education, living in a rural area, and smoking status. (medscape.com)
Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to traffic-related air pollution causes increased morbidity and mortality, such as from cardiovascular and pulmonary disease. (dieselnet.com)
Motor vehicles are a significant source of air pollution and adverse health effects, particularly in large urban centers. (dieselnet.com)
Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) is a complex mixture of gases and particles resulting from the use of engines and vehicles. (dieselnet.com)
In addition, air pollution from other sources-such as industry, oil, coal, and wood burning, and agricultural sources as well as atmospheric transport of pollutants from distant sources-contributes to the overall air quality. (dieselnet.com)
The task of quantifying the health effects of air pollution and correlating them with the exposure to particular pollutants is challenging. (dieselnet.com)
Therefore, it is difficult to ascertain which pollutant is chiefly responsible for the adverse effects of pollution, or whether they are attributable to the mixture as such. (dieselnet.com)
Air pollution studies not adequately adjusting for traffic noise exposure may overestimate the cardiovascular disease burden of air pollution. (dieselnet.com)
Following the advice given will not necessarily provide complete protection in all situations or against all health hazards that may be caused by indoor air pollution. (cpsc.gov)
Indoor air pollution poses many challenges to the health professional. (cpsc.gov)
This booklet addresses the indoor air pollution problems that may be caused by contaminants encountered in the daily lives of persons in their homes and offices. (cpsc.gov)
The health professional should use this booklet as a tool in diagnosing an individual's signs and symptoms that could be related to an indoor air pollution problem. (cpsc.gov)
Although air pollution has decreased in many parts of the world, it represents a major and growing health problem for the residents of some cities in certain industrializing countries. (cdc.gov)
Conversely, those with preexisting heart and lung disease, children, and older adults have an increased risk for adverse health effects from even short-term exposure to air pollution. (cdc.gov)
80 countries around the world, and the World Health Organization posts historical data on outdoor air pollution in urban areas. (cdc.gov)
Secondhand smoke from smoking tobacco is a primary contributor to indoor air pollution. (cdc.gov)
We investigated whether living in an administrative district with heavy air pollution is associated with an increased risk of mortality by the diseases through an ecological study using South Korean administrative data over 19 years. (biomedcentral.com)
This may be partly because collecting and analyzing long-term air pollution and cardiopulmonary mortality data together are relatively difficult than collecting and analyzing short-term data together. (biomedcentral.com)
To gain a better understanding of how flooding mobilized pollution in the area, a research team led by Garett Sansom, DrPH, research assistant professor in the Department of Environmental and Occupational Health at the Texas A&M University School of Public Health, analyzed samples of soil from the Manchester neighborhood collected immediately after Hurricane Harvey. (eurekalert.org)

The method described in this paper could also be extended to setting limits for ambient air contaminants where risk perception plays a dominant role in whether the public views the exposure as being reasonable or safe. (cdc.gov)
In most jurisdictions, these pollutants are also subject to ambient air quality standards and occupational health exposure limits. (dieselnet.com)
Engine and vehicle emissions undergo dilution and transformation in the ambient air. (dieselnet.com)
Opines that sam 'ih' sampler, an industrial hygienist, set up a project to take 5 personal samples and one area sample of airborne contaminants to obtain information and track the level of contaminate in the ambient air. (123helpme.com)
Recent observations have suggested that radon in the ambient air may cause cancers at sites other than the lung, but the evidence is indirect. (ox.ac.uk)

Respirators are specifically designed to remove contaminants from the air or to provide clean respirable air from another source. (cdc.gov)

Some of the known triggers of intrinsic asthma are infections, such as cold and flu viruses, exercise and cold air, industrial and occupational pollutants, food additives and preservatives, drugs such as aspirin, and emotional stress. (cdc.gov)
Parental occupational asthmagen exposure was estimated by linking DISCO-88 codes to an asthma-specific job-exposure matrix.Our maternal analyses included 6706 case mothers and 29,359 control mothers employed during the pregnancy period. (nih.gov)
The development and worsening of overlapping asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) can be affected by pollutants found in rural and urban environments, according to a recent presentation at the annual meeting of the American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, held virtually this year. (medscape.com)
Traditional cleaning products contain chemicals that can cause short term ailments such skin, eye, lung irritation, and longer-term health problems such as occupational asthma, organ damage, or potentially cancer. (turi.org)
According to Massachusetts Department of Public Health's SENSOR Work-Related Asthma surveillance project, indoor air pollutants (21%) and cleaning products (17%) accounted for the most frequently reported cases of occupational asthma between 1993 and 2002. (turi.org)

Air pollutant levels in the home increase if not enough outdoor air is brought in to dilute emissions from indoor sources and to carry indoor air pollutants out of the home. (cdc.gov)
When emitted through vehicle exhaust, these pollutants are called exhaust or tailpipe emissions. (dieselnet.com)
The results of these emissions are elevated concentrations of air pollutants through primary emissions and through the formation of secondary pollutants, such as secondary PM and ozone. (dieselnet.com)

Increased pesticide concentrations in house dust in agricultural areas have been attributed to several exposure pathways, including agricultural drift, para-occupational, and residential use. (nih.gov)
Dust masks, surgical masks, and bandanas offer limited protection against severely polluted air. (cdc.gov)

President Barack Obama, in conjunction with the U.S. Department of Labor's Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), proclaimed April 28, 2010 to be Worker's Memorial Day to celebrate and preserve the memory "of those who have been killed due to unsafe working conditions. (rapoportlaw.com)
Three different companies in Wisconsin were hit with proposed fines by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) during the months of March and April for alleged violations of federal workplace health and safety regulations. (rapoportlaw.com)
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) reports that recycling can be dangerous for workers since certain materials that are recycled or reused, such as scrap metal, electronics, batteries, and used oil and other chemicals, have materials that directly pose hazards to workers. (webwire.com)

The prevalence of work-related symptoms among mild steel welders was studied, and the occupational exposure to welding fumes was quantified by repeated measurements of RD, respirable Mn, and ozone. (nih.gov)
The perennial household nuisance actually purifies the air by neutralizing ozone that can harm our lungs. (thestar.com)
However, there is a knowledge gap regarding whether exposure to higher concentrations of air pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), ozone (O 3 ), and PM 10 in a residential district in South Korea over a long term, such as 19 years, would be associated with higher cardiopulmonary mortality. (biomedcentral.com)

Operating out of Puerto Rico, their environmental and air quality experts offer testing and consulting services to identify, mitigate and eliminate hazards. (webwire.com)

But when it's down here, closer to us in the air that we breathe, it's a pollutant. (thestar.com)
Most residents are not worried about what pollutants are filling the air that they breathe, nor should they have to be concerned about this. (rapoportlaw.com)

For example, experience has shown that chemicals with a low odor threshold often require low OELs even though many are not toxic or do not cause irrita tion at those air concentrations. (cdc.gov)
Toxic air-borne matter related to work performed They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation. (nih.gov)
We know that when we reduce the use of toxic materials in the workplace our costs, represented by what we pay for training, air monitoring, elaborate ventilation systems, personal protective equipment, and ultimately potential health impact, decreases. (cdc.gov)

Indoor pollutants can be placed into two groups, biologic and chemical. (cdc.gov)

Occupational standards for asbestos exposure in the US are based on visual counting of particles by phase contrast microscopy (PCM). (cdc.gov)
However, in most occupational settings the majority of asbestos fibers are too small to count by PCM. (cdc.gov)
The professionals at Zimmetry offer environmental compliance, indoor air quality, asbestos, lead-based paint, Phase I ESAs and general environmental consulting services. (webwire.com)

Heavy industry-related occupational hazards are generally regulated and likely to be dealt with by an on-site or company physician or other health personnel2. (cpsc.gov)

A questionnaire concerning airway symptoms and occupational history was answered by 79% of a cohort of 484 welders. (nih.gov)
Key signs and symptoms from exposure to the pollutant(s) are listed, with diagnostic leads to help determine the cause of the health problem. (cpsc.gov)

Multivariate beta-regression analysis was performed to estimate the associations between air pollutant concentrations and mortality rates, after adjusting for confounding factors including altitude, population density, higher education rate, smoking rate, obesity rate, and gross regional domestic product per capita. (biomedcentral.com)
For IHD, higher SO 2 concentrations were significantly associated with a higher mortality rate, whereas other air pollutants had null associations. (biomedcentral.com)
In the subgroup analysis, positive associations between SO 2 concentrations and IHD mortality were consistently observed in all subgroups, while other pollutant-disease pairs showed null, or mixed associations. (biomedcentral.com)

The department employs environmental health specialists who work to ensure that the air, water, and food supply is safe for the public. (kinsburg.ru)

Much of the work carried out by DTT is in support of the National Toxicology Program (NTP), an interagency partnership of the Food and Drug Administration, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and NIEHS. (nih.gov)

For example, an estimated 20% of vehicle crashes are occupational injuries ( 1 ), and each year, approximately linked to drowsy driving ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Overall, 30.0% of civilian departments for occupational injuries and illnesses, employed U.S. adults (approximately 40.6 million workers) and approximately 110,000 were hospitalized (CDC, reported an average sleep duration of 6 hours per day. (cdc.gov)
prevalence of short sleep duration (6 hours per day) varied by Economists are working to calculate the costs associated industry of employment (range: 24.1%-41.6%), with a sig- with occupational injuries and illnesses in the United nificantly higher rate of short sleep duration among workers in States. (cdc.gov)
Fatal occupational injuries by industry and selected event or exposure, 2010 (preliminary). (cdc.gov)

Driving in cars, flying in airplanes, engaging in recreational activities, and being exposed to environmental pollutants all pose varying degrees of risk. (cdc.gov)

More data on baseline pollutant concentrations and improved analysis methods will help researchers, policy makers and community leaders assess the risks people living in environmental justice communities face, and possibly find ways to limit the health risks residents of neighborhoods like Manchester face in the future. (eurekalert.org)

In addition, high temperature and humidity levels can increase the concentration of some pollutants. (cdc.gov)

These biologic pollutants can be related to some serious health effects. (cdc.gov)
Nearly 200 air toxics have been associated with adverse health effects in occupational studies or laboratory studies, but have not been monitored in general population groups. (cdc.gov)

Although pollen allergies can be bothersome, asthmatic responses to pollutants can be life threatening. (cdc.gov)
The challenge is further compounded by the similar manifestations of many of the pollutants and by the similarity of those effects, in turn, to those that may be associated with allergies, influenza, and the common cold. (cpsc.gov)

OBJECTIVES: Setting occupational exposure limits (OELs) for odorous or irrita ting chemicals is a global occupational health challenge. (cdc.gov)

Other potential sources of indoor air pollutants include cooking or combustion sources (e.g., kerosene, coal, wood, animal dung). (cdc.gov)

A patient's interaction with urban, rural, and occupational environments may additionally impact their disease, Poole explained. (medscape.com)
1. Urinary Nickel and Progesterone in Workers Exposed to Urban Pollutants. (nih.gov)
6. Immune parameters in female workers exposed to urban pollutants. (nih.gov)
7. Occupational exposure to urban pollutants and plasma insulin. (nih.gov)
8. Occupational exposure to urban pollutants and urinary 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid. (nih.gov)

The analysis compared sleep duration by nonfatal occupational injury or illness ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) provides a testing, approval, and certification program for respirators . (cdc.gov)
Ms. Montgomery is an Occupational Health and Safety Specialist at the Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology (CROET) at Oregon Health and Science University. (cdc.gov)

The international, national, and state regulations and guidelines regarding ethion in air, water, and other media are summarized in Table 7-1. (cdc.gov)
air and water pollutant. (nih.gov)
Styrene dissipates rapidly when released into the air or water. (styrene.org)

Anatomy5

Organisms1

Diseases12

Chemicals and Drugs54

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Phenomena and Processes24

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science2

Named Groups1

Health Care51

Geographicals18

Methodological issues in biomonitoring of low level exposure to benzene. (1/1747)

Mechanisms and mediators in coal dust induced toxicity: a review. (2/1747)

Personal exposure to dust, endotoxin and crystalline silica in California agriculture. (3/1747)

Hierarchical cluster analysis applied to workers' exposures in fiberglass insulation manufacturing. (4/1747)

Modeling breathing-zone concentrations of airborne contaminants generated during compressed air spray painting. (5/1747)

Causes of nitrous oxide contamination in operating rooms. (6/1747)

Exposure of medical personnel to methylmethacrylate vapor during percutaneous vertebroplasty. (7/1747)

Potential effects of gas hydrate on human welfare. (8/1747)

Air Pollutants

Air Pollution

Nitrogen Dioxide

Ozone

Sulfur Dioxide

Particulate Matter

Air

Vehicle Emissions

Environmental Monitoring

Environmental Exposure

Environmental Pollutants

Air Pollution, Indoor

Oxidants, Photochemical

Epidemiological Monitoring

Particle Size

Respiratory Tract Diseases

Water Pollutants

Carbon Monoxide

Cities

United States Environmental Protection Agency

Air Pollutants, Occupational

Air Movements

Weather

Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases

Atmosphere Exposure Chambers

Urban Health

Water Pollutants, Chemical

Meteorological Concepts

Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic

Smog

Nitrogen Oxides

Acid Rain

Gases

Nitric Acid

Motor Vehicles

Asthma

Hazardous Substances

Seasons

Organic Chemicals

Environmental Health

Benzene

Maternal Exposure

Sulfur Oxides

Smoke

Soil Pollutants

Volatilization

Fossil Fuels

Sulfuric Acids

Air Microbiology

Respiration Disorders

Tillandsia

Embolism, Air

Dust

Nutritional Sciences

Volatile Organic Compounds

Maximum Allowable Concentration

Epidemiologic Studies

Humidity

Poisson Distribution

Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated

Extraction and Processing Industry

California

Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Soot

Polycyclic Compounds

Acrolein

Tobacco Smoke Pollution

Barrett Esophagus

Complex Mixtures

Geographic Information Systems

Mexico

Housing

Lung

Urban Population

Industry

Aerosols

Respiratory System

Risk Assessment

Mortality

Lung Diseases