Air ionization. Medical search

The dissociation of molecules in the air into positive and negative ions under the influence of an electric field.

The mixture of gases present in the earth's atmosphere consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.

The measurement of radiation by photography, as in x-ray film and film badge, by Geiger-Mueller tube, and by SCINTILLATION COUNTING.

Use of a device (film badge) for measuring exposure of individuals to radiation. It is usually made of metal, plastic, or paper and loaded with one or more pieces of x-ray film.

Devices which accelerate electrically charged atomic or subatomic particles, such as electrons, protons or ions, to high velocities so they have high kinetic energy.

Detection and counting of scintillations produced in a fluorescent material by ionizing radiation.

Radiotherapy using high-energy (megavolt or higher) ionizing radiation. Types of radiation include gamma rays, produced by a radioisotope within a teletherapy unit; x-rays, electrons, protons, alpha particles (helium ions) and heavy charged ions, produced by particle acceleration; and neutrons and pi-mesons (pions), produced as secondary particles following bombardment of a target with a primary particle.

Pyrolysis of organic compounds at the temperature of a hydrogen-air flame to produce ionic intermediates which can be collected and the resulting ion current measured by gas chromatography.

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

Oils which evaporate readily. The volatile oils occur in aromatic plants, to which they give odor and other characteristics. Most volatile oils consist of a mixture of two or more TERPENES or of a mixture of an eleoptene (the more volatile constituent of a volatile oil) with a stearopten (the more solid constituent). The synonym essential oils refers to the essence of a plant, as its perfume or scent, and not to its indispensability.

A space which has limited openings for entry and exit combined with unfavorable natural ventilation such as CAVES, refrigerators, deep tunnels, pipelines, sewers, silos, tanks, vats, mines, deep trenches or pits, vaults, manholes, chimneys, etc.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).

The contamination of indoor air.

The maintenance of certain aspects of the environment within a defined space to facilitate the function of that space; aspects controlled include air temperature and motion, radiant heat level, moisture, and concentration of pollutants such as dust, microorganisms, and gases. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Supplying a building or house, their rooms and corridors, with fresh air. The controlling of the environment thus may be in public or domestic sites and in medical or non-medical locales. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Standards or regulations for construction which are designed to ensure safety against electrical hazards, fires, etc.

Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.

Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized; for example, chlorination, filtration, primary treatment, ion exchange, and distillation. It includes treatment of WASTE WATER to provide potable and hygienic water in a controlled or closed environment as well as provision of public drinking water supplies.

Various material objects and items in the home. It includes temporary or permanent machinery and appliances. It does not include furniture or interior furnishings (FURNITURE see INTERIOR DESIGN AND FURNISHINGS; INTERIOR FURNISHINGS see INTERIOR DESIGN AND FURNISHINGS).

A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The immersion or washing of the body or any of its parts in water or other medium for cleansing or medical treatment. It includes bathing for personal hygiene as well as for medical purposes with the addition of therapeutic agents, such as alkalines, antiseptics, oil, etc.

Living facilities for humans.

A purine base found in most body tissues and fluids, certain plants, and some urinary calculi. It is an intermediate in the degradation of adenosine monophosphate to uric acid, being formed by oxidation of hypoxanthine. The methylated xanthine compounds caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline and their derivatives are used in medicine for their bronchodilator effects. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Compounds that accept electrons in an oxidation-reduction reaction. The reaction is induced by or accelerated by exposure to electromagnetic radiation in the spectrum of visible or ultraviolet light.

Enzymes of the transferase class that catalyze the transfer of a pentose group from one compound to another.

A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes visceral leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). The sandfly genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia are the vectors.

Elements that constitute group 18 (formerly the zero group) of the periodic table. They are gases that generally do not react chemically.

The study of those aspects of energy and matter in terms of elementary principles and laws. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.

A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs.

A noble gas with the atomic symbol Xe, atomic number 54, and atomic weight 131.30. It is found in the earth's atmosphere and has been used as an anesthetic.

Stable elementary particles having the smallest known negative charge, present in all elements; also called negatrons. Positively charged electrons are called positrons. The numbers, energies and arrangement of electrons around atomic nuclei determine the chemical identities of elements. Beams of electrons are called CATHODE RAYS.

The process by which ELECTRONS are transported from a reduced substrate to molecular OXYGEN. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary and Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984, p270)

The destroying of all forms of life, especially microorganisms, by heat, chemical, or other means.

Procedures that render the female sterile by interrupting the flow in the FALLOPIAN TUBE. These procedures generally are surgical, and may also use chemicals or physical means.

Procedures to block or remove all or part of the genital tract for the purpose of rendering individuals sterile, incapable of reproduction. Surgical sterilization procedures are the most commonly used. There are also sterilization procedures involving chemical or physical means.

Procedures to reverse the effect of REPRODUCTIVE STERILIZATION and to regain fertility. Reversal procedures include those used to restore the flow in the FALLOPIAN TUBE or the VAS DEFERENS.

Epidemics of infectious disease that have spread to many countries, often more than one continent, and usually affecting a large number of people.

Ovoid body resting on the CRIBRIFORM PLATE of the ethmoid bone where the OLFACTORY NERVE terminates. The olfactory bulb contains several types of nerve cells including the mitral cells, on whose DENDRITES the olfactory nerve synapses, forming the olfactory glomeruli. The accessory olfactory bulb, which receives the projection from the VOMERONASAL ORGAN via the vomeronasal nerve, is also included here.

Microscopic particles comprising dead skin, dried salivary proteins, hair, SEBUM and microorganisms, shed by animals which causes allergic reactions in atopic persons.

The fertilizing element of plants that contains the male GAMETOPHYTES.

Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

Earth or other matter in fine, dry particles. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Factors influencing the analytical performance of an atmospheric sampling glow discharge ionization source as revealed via ionization dynamics modeling. (1/24)

A kinetic model is developed for the dynamic events occurring within an atmospheric sampling glow discharge that affect its performance as an ion source for analytical mass spectrometry. The differential equations incorporate secondary electron generation and thermalization, reagent and analyte ion formation via electron capture and ion-molecule reactions, ion loss via recombination processes, diffusion, and ion-molecule reactions with matrix components, and the sampling and pumping parameters of the source. Because the ion source has a flow-through configuration, the number densities of selected species can be estimated by applying the steady-state assumption. However, understanding of its operation is aided by knowledge of the dynamic behavior, so numerical methods are applied to examine the time dependence of those species as well. As in other plasma ionization sources, the ionization efficiency is essentially determined by the ratio of the relevant ion formation and recombination rates. Although thermal electron and positive reagent ion number densities are comparable, the electron capture/ion-molecule reaction rate coefficient ratio is normally quite large and the ion-electron recombination rate coefficient is about an order of magnitude greater than that for ion-ion recombination. Consequently, the efficiency for negative analyte ion formation via electron capture is generally superior to that for positive analyte ion generation via ion-molecule reaction. However, the efficiency for positive analyte ion formation should be equal to or better than that for negative analyte ions when both ionization processes occur via ion-molecule reaction processes (with comparable rate coefficients), since the negative reagent ion density is considerably less than that for positive reagent ions. Furthermore, the particularly high number densities of thermal electrons and reagent ions leads to a large dynamic range of linear response for the source. Simulation results also suggest that analyte ion number densities might be enhanced by modification of the standard physical and operating parameters of the source. (+info)

Millisecond pulsed radio frequency glow discharge time of flight mass spectrometry: temporal and spatial variations in molecular energetics. (2/24)

The internal energy distributions, P(epsilon), of a millisecond pulsed radio frequency glow discharge plasma were investigated using tungsten hexcarbonyl W(CO)(6) as a "thermometer molecule". Vapor of the probe molecule, W(CO)(6), was introduced into the plasma and subjected to various ionization and excitation processes therein. The resultant molecular and fragment ions were monitored using a Time-of-Flight mass spectrometer. Ion abundance data were utilized in combination with the known energetics of W(CO)(6) to construct the P(epsilon) plots. The P(epsilon) of W(CO)(6) exhibited strong temporal dependence over the pulse cycle: Distinct internal energy distributions were found at the discharge breakdown period (prepeak), the steady state period (plateau), and the post-pulse period (afterpeak). Spatial variation in P(epsilon) was also observed, especially during the plateau regime. The observations suggest that this pulsed glow discharge affords excellent energy tunability that can be used to perform selective ionization and fragmentation for molecular, structural, and elemental information. Parametric studies were performed to evaluate the effects of discharge pressure and operating power on P(epsilon). These studies also provided insight into the correlation of the observed P(epsilon)s with the fundamental ionization and excitation mechanisms in the plasma. The temporal and spatial variations in P(epsilon) were hence attributed to changes in the dominant energy transfer processes at specific times in specific regions of the plasma. These data will be useful in future efforts to optimize the analytical performance of this source for chemical speciation. (+info)

Comparison of electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and atmospheric pressure photoionization for the analysis of dinitropyrene and aminonitropyrene LC-MS/MS. (3/24)

The only relevant source for human exposure to dinitropyrenes is diesel engine emissions. Due to this specificity, dinitropyrenes may be used as biomarkers for monitoring human exposure to diesel engine emissions. Only few analytical methods have been described for the quantitation of dinitropyrenes and their metabolites, aminonitropyrenes, and diaminopyrenes. Therefore, for dinitropyrenes, aminonitropyrenes, and diaminopyrenes were selected as model compounds for the development of a sensitive HPLC-MS/MS method (high performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry) was to quantify polyaromatic amines and nitroarenes in biological matrices was developed optimal methods by comparing electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) sources. Dinitropyrene was not effectively ionized and diaminopyrene yielded mainly [M(.)](+) ions by electrospray ionization. With APCI and APPI, precursor ions of diaminopyrene and aminonitropyrene were [M + H](+) and [M(.)](-) for dinitropyrene. Precursor ions with [M - 30(.)](-) for dinitropyrene and [M - 30 + H](+) for aminonitropyrene were observed. Reversed and normal phase HPLC-MS/MS with ESI, APCI and APPI were optimized separately with respect to unequivocal analyte identification and sensitivity. Normal phase HPLC coupled to APPI-MS/MS gave the highest precision and sensitivity for aminonitropyrene (6%/0.2 pg on column) and dinitropyrene (9%/0.5 pg on column). The limit of detection in spiked rat plasma was 5 pg/100 microL for aminonitropyrene (accuracy 82%) and 10 pg/100 microL for dinitropyrene (accuracy 105%). In plasma of rats treated with dinitropyrene by oral administration, no detectable levels of dinitropyrene but higher aminonitropyrene levels compared with intratracheal instillation were observed. These findings clearly demonstrate that dinitropyrene was absorbed after oral and intratracheal application and that a reduction of nitro groups occurs to a high extent in the reductive environment of the intestine. To our knowledge, this is the first time that aminonitropyrene was observed in plasma after intratracheal or oral administration directly demonstrating the reductive metabolism of dinitropyrene in vivo. (+info)

Studies on the effects of ionization on bacterial aerosols in a burns and plastic surgery unit. (4/24)

The effect of the ionization of the air on the decay of bacterial aerosols was studied in a Burns and Plastic Surgery Unit. Ions were generated by free corona needles. The air content of bacteria measured by settle plates was found to be smaller during the ionization period than during the controls period. The number of individual phage typed Staph. aureus strains was especially found to be lower during ionization. The opposite potential increased the disappearance of bacteria from the air. The size of skin particles carrying bacteria is not optimum, but the results obtained show that the ionization may have applications in controlling airborne infection. (+info)

Reduced flavin: NMR investigation of N5-H exchange mechanism, estimation of ionisation constants and assessment of properties as biological catalyst. (5/24)

BACKGROUND: The flavin in its FMN and FAD forms is a versatile cofactor that is involved in catalysis of most disparate types of biological reactions. These include redox reactions such as dehydrogenations, activation of dioxygen, electron transfer, bioluminescence, blue light reception, photobiochemistry (as in photolyases), redox signaling etc. Recently, hitherto unrecognized types of biological reactions have been uncovered that do not involve redox shuffles, and might involve the reduced form of the flavin as a catalyst. The present work addresses properties of reduced flavin relevant in this context. RESULTS: N(5)-H exchange reactions of the flavin reduced form and its pH dependence were studied using the 15N-NMR-signals of 15N-enriched, reduced flavin in the pH range from 5 to 12. The chemical shifts of the N(3) and N(5) resonances are not affected to a relevant extent in this pH range. This contrasts with the multiplicity of the N(5)-resonance, which strongly depends on pH. It is a doublet between pH 8.45 and 10.25 that coalesces into a singlet at lower and higher pH values. From the line width of the 15N(5) signal the pH-dependent rate of hydrogen exchange was deduced. The multiplicity of the 15N(5) signal and the proton exchange rates are little dependent on the buffer system used. CONCLUSION: The exchange rates allow an estimation of the pKa value of N(5)-H deprotonation in reduced flavin to be >or= 20. This value imposes specific constraints for mechanisms of flavoprotein catalysis based on this process. On the other hand the pK asymptotically equal to 4 for N(5)-H protonation (to form N(5)+-H2) would be consistent with a role of N(5)-H as a base. (+info)

Hospital-acquired legionnaires disease in a university hospital: impact of the copper-silver ionization system. (6/24)

We evaluated the impact of the copper-silver ionization system in a hospital where hyperendemic nosocomial legionellosis and was present and all previous disinfection measures had failed. After implementation of the copper-silver ionization system, environmental colonization with Legionella species decreased significantly, and the incidence of nosocomial legionellosis decreased dramatically, from 2.45 to 0.18 cases per 1000 patient discharges. (+info)

Bactericidal action of positive and negative ions in air. (7/24)

BACKGROUND: In recent years there has been renewed interest in the use of air ionisers to control of the spread of airborne infection. One characteristic of air ions which has been widely reported is their apparent biocidal action. However, whilst the body of evidence suggests a biocidal effect in the presence of air ions the physical and biological mechanisms involved remain unclear. In particular, it is not clear which of several possible mechanisms of electrical origin (i.e. the action of the ions, the production of ozone, or the action of the electric field) are responsible for cell death. A study was therefore undertaken to clarify this issue and to determine the physical mechanisms associated with microbial cell death. RESULTS: In the study seven bacterial species (Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium parafortuitum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanii, Burkholderia cenocepacia, Bacillus subtilis and Serratia marcescens) were exposed to both positive and negative ions in the presence of air. In order to distinguish between effects arising from: (i) the action of the air ions; (ii) the action of the electric field, and (iii) the action of ozone, two interventions were made. The first intervention involved placing a thin mica sheet between the ionisation source and the bacteria, directly over the agar plates. This intervention, while leaving the electric field unaltered, prevented the air ions from reaching the microbial samples. In addition, the mica plate prevented ozone produced from reaching the bacteria. The second intervention involved placing an earthed wire mesh directly above the agar plates. This prevented both the electric field and the air ions from impacting on the bacteria, while allowing any ozone present to reach the agar plate. With the exception of Mycobacterium parafortuitum, the principal cause of cell death amongst the bacteria studied was exposure to ozone, with electroporation playing a secondary role. However in the case of Mycobacterium parafortuitum, electroporation resulting from exposure to the electric field appears to have been the principal cause of cell inactivation. CONCLUSION: The results of the study suggest that the bactericidal action attributed to negative air ions by previous researchers may have been overestimated. (+info)

The detection of airborne transmission of tuberculosis from HIV-infected patients, using an in vivo air sampling model. (8/24)

BACKGROUND: Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis remains an important public health problem. We created an in vivo air sampling model to study airborne transmission of tuberculosis from patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and to evaluate environmental control measures. METHODS: An animal facility was built above a mechanically ventilated HIV-tuberculosis ward in Lima, Peru. A mean of 92 guinea pigs were continuously exposed to all ward exhaust air for 16 months. Animals had tuberculin skin tests performed at monthly intervals, and those with positive reactions were removed for autopsy and culture for tuberculosis. RESULTS: Over 505 consecutive days, there were 118 ward admissions by 97 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, with a median duration of hospitalization of 11 days. All patients were infected with HIV and constituted a heterogeneous group with both new and existing diagnoses of tuberculosis. There was a wide variation in monthly rates of guinea pigs developing positive tuberculin test results (0%-53%). Of 292 animals exposed to ward air, 159 developed positive tuberculin skin test results, of which 129 had laboratory confirmation of tuberculosis. The HIV-positive patients with pulmonary tuberculosis produced a mean of 8.2 infectious quanta per hour, compared with 1.25 for HIV-negative patients with tuberculosis in similar studies from the 1950s. The mean monthly patient infectiousness varied greatly, from production of 0-44 infectious quanta per hour, as did the theoretical risk for a health care worker to acquire tuberculosis by breathing ward air. CONCLUSIONS: HIV-positive patients with tuberculosis varied greatly in their infectiousness, and some were highly infectious. Use of environmental control strategies for nosocomial tuberculosis is therefore a priority, especially in areas with a high prevalence of both tuberculosis and HIV infection. (+info)

"Combat Chronology of the US Army Air Forces: December 1943". The United States Army Air Forces in World War II. Archived from ... Ionization Phenomena in Gases. 2. p. 944. Bibcode:1960ipg2.conf..944C. "Prince Philip opening the 'Merlin' nuclear reactor". ... Air use was transferred to Blackbushe and Luton Airports. After the closure of the airfield, the park was returned to AEI. ... the USAAF HQ XIX Tactical Air Command was for some months stationed at the house and anti-aircraft batteries were stationed in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldermaston_Court

... ionization potential + tertiary electron kinetic energy, 2)mNth generation electron slows down aside from ionization by heating ... In air, EUV is the most highly absorbed component of the electromagnetic spectrum, requiring high vacuum for transmission. ... Ionization must take place first. EUV light can only be emitted by electrons which are bound to multicharged positive ions; for ... When an EUV photon is absorbed, photoelectrons and secondary electrons are generated by ionization, much like what happens when ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_ultraviolet

Those in turn induce local geoelectric and geomagnetic anomalies, stimulated infrared emission, air ionization, increase levels ... VLF detection of air ionization 9. Mesospheric lightning 10. Lineaments in the VIS-NIR; Ground Station Component: 1. Magnetic ... Air ionization at the ground surface 9. Sub-ionospheric VLF/ELF propagation 10. Nightglow These precursory signals are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Didier_Sornette

The lack of oxygen in the air because of its high elevation at 3,488 metres (11,444 feet). A higher ionization of the air. A ... Budretsky, A.B. (1984). "New absolute minimum of air temperature". Bulletin of the Soviet Antarctic Expedition (in Russian). ... An almost complete lack of moisture in the air. An average windspeed of 5 metres per second (11 mph; 18 km/h), sometimes rising ... Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat (105). Budretsky, A.B. (1984). "New absolute minimum of air temperature (English Version)". Bulletin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_Station

Air is forced through the perforations; combined with a continuously changing electrical signal driving the membrane, a sound ... Additionally, in the early 1990s, a French company called Plasmasonics tried to market a plasma-ionisation headphone. There are ... This increases the total volume of air that can be moved on each excursion of the transducer given that radiating area. ... The vibrating diaphragm pushes on the air to produce sound waves. Electrostatic drivers consist of a thin, electrically charged ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headphones

Ionization chamber circuit, 1949. Electrical switch, 1955. Measuring device and apparatus, 1956. Method of encapsulating a ... Washington, D.C. Shonka, F. R., Rose, John E., & Failla, G. (1958). Conducting plastic equivalent to tissue, air, and ... Kuritzky, C. S., Shonka, F. R., Wyckoff, H. O., & Pfeiffer, W. F. (1968). A miniature tissue-equivalent ionization chamber for ... Shonka, Francis R. (16 August 1949). Ionization chamber circuit. U.S. Patent No. 2,479,271. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Rudolph_Shonka

For example, the ionization energy of dry air at 20 °C and 101.325 kPa of pressure is 33.97±0.05 J/C. (33.97 eV per ion pair) ... the ionisation effect in dry air. In 1940, Louis Harold Gray, who had been studying the effect of neutron damage on human ... One of the earliest techniques of measuring the intensity of X-rays was to measure their ionising effect in air by means of an ... The absorbed dose is equal to the radiation exposure (ions or C/kg) of the radiation beam multiplied by the ionization energy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorbed_dose

... the ionisation effect in dry air. In 1940, Louis Harold Gray, who had been studying the effect of neutron damage on human ... the roentgen was defined specifically by the ionisation effect in dry air, which did not necessarily represent the effect on ... One of the earliest techniques of measuring the intensity of X-rays was to measure their ionising effect in air by means of an ... Kerma, when applied to air, is equivalent to the legacy roentgen unit of radiation exposure, but there is a difference in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gray_(unit)

negative air ionization therapy. *by moist salt air: *by natural moist salt air: seaside cure (especially common in ... by salts in the air *by natural dry salt air: "taking the cure" in desert locales (especially common in prescientific medicine ... by artificial dry salt air: *low-humidity forms of speleotherapy. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapy

Palmer, Frederic (1908). "Ionisation of Air by Ultra-violet Light". Nature. 77 (2008): 582. Bibcode:1908Natur..77..582P. doi: ... Thomson, J. J. (1907). "On the Ionisation of Gases by Ultra-Violet Light and on the evidence as to the Structure of Light ... The discovery of the ionization of gases by ultraviolet light was made by Philipp Lenard in 1900. As the effect was produced ... However, some companies are now selling products that allow photoemission in air. The light source can be a laser, a discharge ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect

Ionization of an air gap requires voltage in the kV range. Besides the thermal effects in tissue, the electric field can ... In fulguration mode, the electrode is held away from the tissue, so that when the air gap between the electrode and the tissue ... Electrosurgical desiccation occurs when the electrode touches the tissue open to air, and the amount of generated heat is lower ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrosurgery

... forms peroxides on exposure even to a small amount of air diffused into the oil, and storage is subject to similar ... Rubidium has a very low ionization energy of only 406 kJ/mol. Rubidium and potassium show a very similar purple color in the ... Rubidium has also been reported to ignite spontaneously in air. It forms amalgams with mercury and alloys with gold, iron, ... Rubidium forms a number of oxides when exposed to air, including rubidium monoxide (Rb2O), Rb6O, and Rb9O2; rubidium in excess ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubidium

It consists of a sealed air-filled cylinder called an ionization chamber. Inside it is a metal electrode strip that is attached ... It works by measuring the decrease in electrostatic charge on a metal conductor in an ionization chamber, due to ionization of ... When a particle of ionizing radiation passes through the chamber, it collides with molecules of air, knocking electrons off ... A version of the above dosimeter without the self-reading capabilities, called a pocket ionization chamber or just pocket ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartz_fiber_dosimeter

Finely powdered potassium ignites in air at room temperature. The bulk metal ignites in air if heated. Because its density is ... Because of its low first ionization energy of 418.8 kJ/mol, the potassium atom is much more likely to lose the last electron ... Because of the sensitivity of potassium to water and air, air-free techniques are normally employed for handling the element. ... An alloy of sodium and potassium, NaK is a liquid used as a heat-transfer medium and a desiccant for producing dry and air-free ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium

Mitchell BW, King DJ (October-December 1994). "Effect of negative air ionization on airborne transmission of Newcastle disease ... with poor ventilation the infectious agent will persist in the room air, and the longer the stay, the more air a susceptible ... Air pollution plays a significant role in airborne diseases which is linked to asthma. Pollutants are said to influence lung ... Wearing a face mask can also lower the risk of transmission, as it slows down the air flow between individuals. Exposure to a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airborne_transmission

Later, Cupcea pioneered the study of ionization as an air pollution indicator. He died suddenly in 1958, at Cluj. "106 ani de ... 262-263 V. Laza, "Environmental Factors (Negative Air Ions) with Beneficial Effects on Animals and Humans", in Revista de ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvator_Cupcea

"Upper-Room Ultraviolet Light and Negative Air Ionization to Prevent Tuberculosis Transmission". PLOS Medicine. 6 (3): e1000043 ... "Indoor Air". Wiley Online Library. doi:10.1111/(ISSN)1600-0668. Retrieved 2020-05-05. "LEVN - Who we are". sites.google.com. ... She serves on the editorial board of the Elsevier journal Building and Environment and the Wiley journal Indoor Air. From 2014 ... Noakes investigates environmental fluid flow, with a focus on the ventilation of buildings and how this impacts indoor air ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Noakes

Two ionisation chambers are placed next to each other. Both contain a small source of 241Am that gives rise to a small constant ... One is closed and serves for comparison, the other is open to ambient air; it has a gridded electrode. When smoke enters the ... Smoke detector: An ionization smoke detector includes a tiny mass of radioactive americium-241, which is a source of alpha ... The source ionizes the air to remove electric charges on the material. Radioactive tracers - Since radioactive isotopes behave ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_technology

"On the equilibrium of ionisation in air containing nuclei". Geofisica Pura e Applicata. 31 (1): 115-118. Bibcode:1955GeoPA..31 ... Wang was entrusted by Langevin with the research on ionization of particles suspended in the atmosphere, a domain in which ... sound waves using a series of high air pressure Hartmann whistles causing the dispersal of particles suspended in the air. A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Dezhao

De Forest believed that ionization of residual air was key to Audion operation. This made it a more sensitive detector but also ... This was done by an adjustable air core transformer called a variometer (variocoupler). Regenerative detectors were sometimes ... for air navigation. Wild animal tracking receiver - a receiver with a directional antenna used to track wild animals which have ... Radio waves from many transmitters pass through the air simultaneously without interfering with each other and are received by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_receiver

e.g., ozone cracking of polymers by ozone formed by ionization of air). Ionizing radiation can also accelerate existing ... High-intensity ionizing radiation in air can produce a visible ionized air glow of telltale bluish-purple color. The glow can ... and the ionization energy of hydrogen, both about 14 eV. In some Environmental Protection Agency references, the ionization of ... therefore the bulk of the ionization effects are due to secondary ionization. Even though photons are electrically neutral, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionizing_radiation

Usage of fossil fuels is causing a huge amount of air pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and carbon oxides. ... "Study of solid/gas phase photocatalytic reactions by electron ionization mass spectrometry" (PDF). Journal of Mass Spectrometry ... "Snapcat Photo Catalytic Oxidation with Titanium Dioxide (2005)". CaluTech UV Air. Retrieved 2006-12-05. Kondrakov AO, Ignatev ... Mathiesen, D. (2012). "Final Report Summary - LIGHT2CAT (Visible LIGHT Active PhotoCATalytic Concretes for Air pollution ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photocatalysis

This was covered by means of an ionisation air purifier. This method is widely used in Europe, but this is believed to be the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrockwardine

During the entry of a meteoroid or asteroid into the upper atmosphere, an ionization trail is created, where the air molecules ... Such ionization trails can last up to 45 minutes at a time. Small, sand-grain sized meteoroids are entering the atmosphere ... They are sometimes called detonating fireballs (also see List of meteor air bursts). It may also be used to mean a fireball ... Over 1,500 people were injured mostly by glass from shattered windows caused by the air burst approximately 25 to 30 km (80,000 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteoroid

Terman, M.; Terman, J. S. (2006). "Controlled Trial of Naturalistic Dawn Simulation and Negative Air Ionization for Seasonal ... Negative ions (in nature or from electronic air purifiers) had long been presumed to have a nonspecific positive effect on ... Serendipitously, the lab discovered that a nonvisual environmental factor, negative air ion concentration, also has an ... placebo-controlled trial of bright light and high-density negative air ions for treatment of Seasonal Affective Disorder". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Terman

It can contaminate hot water tanks, hot tubs, and cooling towers of large air conditioners. It is usually spread by breathing ... Treatment of water with copper-silver ionization or ultraviolet light may also be effective. System design (or renovation) can ... The source of the outbreak was traced to the air-conditioning cooling towers on the nursing home's roof.[citation needed] 180 ... In the built environment, central air conditioning systems in office buildings, hotels, and hospitals are sources of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legionnaires'_disease

When compared in a study to negative air ionization, bright light was shown to be 57% effective vs. dawn simulation 50%. ... Terman M, Terman JS, Ross DC (October 1998). "A controlled trial of timed bright light and negative air ionization for ... Terman M, Terman JS (December 2006). "Controlled trial of naturalistic dawn simulation and negative air ionization for seasonal ... Negative air ionization, which involves releasing charged particles into the sleep environment, has been found effective with a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seasonal_affective_disorder

Increased ionization of the air is especially marked in the surrounding hills - the terraces. Belokurikhinskoe sources are the ... Light air ions is the main treatment component of the mountain air. In Belokurikha, the content of light aeroions[check ... The climate is characterized by high average annual air temperature for Siberia and mainly windless weather, the absence of ... It is characterized by a relatively high average annual air temperature (+ 4 °C) in Siberia. Mild winter, mild summer, warm ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belokurikha

Terman M, Terman JS (December 2006). "Controlled trial of naturalistic dawn simulation and negative air ionization for seasonal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawn_simulation

... their density relative to air, and the ease with which they undergo ionization. Gases heavier than air (e.g. argon) blanket the ... Due to higher ionization potential it produces hotter arc at higher voltage, provides wide deep bead; this is an advantage for ... Helium is lighter than air; larger flow rates are required. It is an inert gas, not reacting with the molten metals. Its ... Helium plays this role best due to its high ionization potential; the gas can absorb high amount of energy before becoming ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shielding_gas

silvery gray metallic; corrodes to a spalling black oxide coat in air. ... Ionization energies 1st: 597.6 kJ·mol−1 2nd: 1420 kJ·mol−1 ...

https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranyo

Rubidium and caesium must be kept away from air, even under oil, because even a small amount of air diffused into the oil may ... The second ionisation energy of all of the alkali metals is very high[30][65] as it is in a full shell that is also closer to ... The first ionisation energy of hydrogen (1312.0 kJ/mol) is much higher than that of the alkali metals.[162][163] As only one ... Lithium burns in air to form lithium oxide, but sodium reacts with oxygen to form a mixture of sodium oxide and sodium peroxide ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

The four roots, which were later renamed as elements by Plato, were earth, water, air and fire. Similar ideas about these four ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_periodic_table

Air-fuel ratio meter. *Blind spot monitor. *Crankshaft position sensor. *Curb feeler ... Hot-filament ionization gauge. *Ionization gauge. *McLeod gauge. *Oscillating U-tube. *Permanent Downhole Gauge ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MEMS_magnetic_field_sensor

... has a pKa of 6.4, and its ionization equilibrium leads to pH-dependent absorption and emission over the range of 5 ... in which fluorescein is added as a colorant to the alcohol filling the tube in order to increase the visibility of the air ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescein

Negative air ionization therapy. References[edit]. *^ Shiue, Angus. "Particles Removal by Negative ionic Air Purifier in ... Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 56:601-610. May 2006.. *^ "Indoor Air Chemistry: Cleaning Agents, Ozone and Toxic Air Contaminants" ... Air ionisers are used in air purifiers to remove particles from air.[1] Airborne particles become charged as they attract ... This article is about the air purifier. For the controversial psychiatric treatment, see Negative air ionization therapy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_ioniser

Flow rate of air. This is in part related to the concentration points above. If "fresh" air (i.e., air which is neither already ... The chemically correct air/fuel mixture for total burning of gasoline has been determined to be 15 parts air to one part ... Concentration of the substance evaporating in the air. If the air already has a high concentration of the substance evaporating ... Ionization Plasma Recombination References. .mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type: ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evaporation

Before his work, though, many important discoveries had been made, specifically relating to the nature of 'air' which was ... ionization potential, preferred oxidation state(s), coordination number, and preferred types of bonds to form (e.g., metallic, ... Identifiable molecules compose familiar substances such as water, air, and many organic compounds like alcohol, sugar, gasoline ... air, earth and water were the fundamental elements from which everything is formed as a combination. Greek atomism dates back ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry?utm_source=Copy of December 2012&utm_campaign=October Newsletter&utm_medium=archive

Sacks replied, "I can't imagine what it meant.... No, I guess not." Originally aired on Charlie Rose, 23 Feb. 1995; re-aired, ... Meghnad Saha (1893-1956): Indian astrophysicist noted for his development in 1920 of the thermal ionization equation, has ... He was the first to ascend in an air balloon, 5 June 1783. A friend of Delambre and La Lalande, he was on the testimony of this ... In 1783, he made the first ascent in a balloon (inflated with warm air).[234][235] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_atheists_

... ionization of the air, was caused only by radiation from radioactive elements in the ground or the radioactive gases or ... The nuclear charge causes chemical bond breaking or ionization in the plastic. At the top of the plastic stack the ionization ... Air. 1.26. 0.2-10.0a. 2.29. 2.00. 0.40. Primarily from radon, (a)depends on indoor accumulation of radon gas. ... He found the ionization rate increased approximately fourfold over the rate at ground level.[19] Hess ruled out the Sun as the ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/پرتو_کیهانی?match=en

Resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI). *Raman optical activity spectroscopy. *Raman spectroscopy. *Laser-induced ... AIRS. *AVNIR. *AVNIR-2. *CERES (TRMM, Terra, Aura, Suomi NPP, NOAA-20) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrophotometry

Open channel flow describes cases where flowing liquid has a top surface open to the air; the cross-section of the flow is only ... Rotameters are available for a wide range of liquids but are most commonly used with water or air. They can be made to reliably ... In many late model automobiles, a Mass Airflow (MAF) sensor is used to accurately determine the mass flow rate of intake air ... Many such mass flow sensors use a heated element and a downstream temperature sensor to indicate the air flowrate. Other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_measurement

Indirect ionization happens as a result of the ionization of water, forming free radicals, notably hydroxyl radicals, which ... Tissue to Air Ratio (TAR). *1 Also known as external-beam radiotherapy. ... This damage is either direct or indirect ionization of the atoms which make up the DNA chain. ... This difference is very important in cases where the close proximity of other organs makes any stray ionization very damaging ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiation_therapy

Wittgenstein's design required air and gas to be forced along the propeller arms to combustion chambers on the end of each ... the Royal Meteorological Society researched and investigated the ionization of the upper atmosphere, by suspending instruments ... He once said he felt as though he was writing for people who would think in a different way, breathe a different air of life, ... He once said he felt as though he was writing for people who would think in a different way, breathe a different air of life, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein

Zinc-air. Zn. O2. 1.6. 1.1. 1590[69]. Used mostly in hearing aids.. ... Excludes the mass of the air oxidizer. *^ "Lithium-Ion Battery Inventor Introduces New Technology for Fast-Charging, ... Aluminium-air batteries can be produced with high-purity aluminium. Aluminium foil batteries will produce some electricity, but ... since gases produced during operation can escape to the air. Wet cells were a precursor to dry cells and are commonly used as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_

In an April 2012 interview, aired on MSNBC, Lovelock stated that he had been "alarmist", using the words "All right, I made a ... He has invented a family of ionisation detectors for gas chromatography. His electron capture detectors are the most sensitive ... You can't win people round by saying they are guilty for putting (carbon dioxide) in the air.[40] ... Lovelock, J. E. (1971). "Atmospheric Fluorine Compounds as Indicators of Air Movements". Nature. 230 (5293): 379. Bibcode: ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lovelock

Gsponer, Andre (2004-09-29). "Physics of high-intensity high-energy particle beam propagation in open air and outer-space ... Lower hybrid (drift) instability (in the Critical ionization velocity mechanism). *Magnetic drift instability,[21] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_stability

... metal tarnishes slowly in air. Finely dispersed ytterbium readily oxidizes in air and under oxygen. Mixtures of ... Ionization energies. *1st: 603.4 kJ/mol *2nd: 1174.8 kJ/mol *3rd: 2417 kJ/mol ... It reacts slowly with cold water and it oxidizes slowly in air.[6] ... it is stored in airtight containers and in an inert atmosphere such as a nitrogen-filled dry box to protect it from air and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ytterbium

It is a brickle metal wi a siller white colour whan freshly produced, but is aften seen in air wi a pink tinge awin tae surface ... Ionisation energies. *1st: 703 kJ/mol *2nd: 1610 kJ/mol *3rd: 2466 kJ/mol ...

https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth

Barium is reactive, and if you put pure barium metal in the air, it will react with oxygen. At first it will turn black, then ... Ionization energies. *1st: 502.9 kJ/mol *2nd: 965.2 kJ/mol *3rd: 3600 kJ/mol ... Barium can form barium peroxide if it is burned in air. Barium reacts with many other metal oxides and sulfides to make barium ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium

Joseph Priestley also prepared this new air by 1774, but only Lavoisier recognized it as a true element; he named it in 1777.[ ... He discovered nitrogen while he was studying at the University of Edinburgh.[44] He showed that the air in which animals had ... They discovered the gas by comparing the molecular weights of nitrogen prepared by liquefaction from air and nitrogen prepared ... Ionization energy. *Melting point. *Oxidation state. *Speed of sound. *Thermal conductivity / expansion coefficient ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_chemical_element_discovery

A 1927 paper produced by Emil Bogen,[3] who collected air in a football bladder and then tested this air for traces of alcohol ... "First aired November 7, 2003. *^ Swartz, Jeanne (December 2004). "Breath Testing for Prosecutors" (PDF). ndaa.org. American ... Hot-filament ionization gauge. *Ionization gauge. *McLeod gauge. *Oscillating U-tube. *Permanent Downhole Gauge ... This source of false positives is unlikely as very few other substances found in exhaled air are oxidizable. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breathalyzer

The ore concentrates are mostly sulfidic; they are converted to the oxides by heating under air in a process known as roasting ... Ionization energies. *1st: 762 kJ/mol *2nd: 1537.5 kJ/mol *3rd: 3302.1 kJ/mol ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanium

for his] discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system"[11] ... for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"[101] ...

https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/வேதியியலுக்கான_நோபல்_பரிசு_பெற்றவர்கள்

Army Air Forces Historical Studies: No. 65, Aviation Gasoline Production and Control, Air Historical Office Headquarters, Army ... and m-xylene using ion mobility spectrometers with a radioactive and UV ionization source". Analytical Chemistry. 75 (6): 1483- ... Army Air Forces Historical Studies: No. 65, Aviation Gasoline Production and Control, Air Historical Office Headquarters, Army ... Army Air Forces Historical Studies: No. 65, Aviation Gasoline Production and Control, Air Historical Office Headquarters, Army ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_Replacement_Petrol

... and the air pressure the same as habitable regions of Earth.[9][23] As CO2 is heavier than air, the colony's air (nitrogen and ... The high levels of the ionization are maintained only over the dayside of the planet. Over the nightside the concentration of ... The poleward limit of the planet wide Hadley cell on Venus is near ±60° latitudes.[3] Here air starts to descend and returns to ... All winds on Venus are ultimately driven by convection.[3] Hot air rises in the equatorial zone, where solar heating is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmosphere_of_Venus

Growth is enhanced by incubation in 5% CO2 atmosphere, but they usually grow adequately in ambient air. The optimum temperature ... Although many laboratories currently identify bacteria by mass-spectrometry (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/ionization Time ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_dysgalactiae

Another air separation method is forcing air to dissolve through ceramic membranes based on zirconium dioxide by either high ... Ionization energies. *1st: 1313.9 kJ/mol *2nd: 3388.3 kJ/mol *3rd: 5300.5 kJ/mol ... 2 is usually obtained by the fractional distillation of liquefied air.[46] Liquid oxygen may also be condensed from air using ... he proved that air is a mixture of two gases; 'vital air', which is essential to combustion and respiration, and azote (Gk. ...

https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/اکسیژن?match=en

Tribo guns are not subject to some of the problems associated with corona guns, however, such as back ionization and the ... An electrostatic charging medium is placed inside the bed so that the powder material becomes charged as the fluidizing air ... in which parts are put into a large high-temperature oven with temperatures typically reaching an air temperature of 300 - 450 ... which is then sprayed towards the grounded object by mechanical or compressed air spraying and then accelerated toward the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Powder_coating

This MEMS paradigm has enabled the manufacturing of low cost accelerometers for e.g. automotive air-bag systems and other ... Hot-filament ionization gauge. *Ionization gauge. *McLeod gauge. *Oscillating U-tube. *Permanent Downhole Gauge ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microelectromechanical_systems

Negative air ionization therapy (NAIs) uses air ionisers as a non-pharmaceutical treatment for respiratory disease, allergy, or ... Researchers have continued to cite a dearth of evidence about the effects of negative air ionization. "The presence of NAIs is ... An older RCT conducted by the same authors also found air ionization effective for SAD. A 2007 review considers this therapy " ... Terman, M.; Terman, J.; Ross, D. (1998). "A Controlled Trial of Timed Bright Light and Negative Air Ionization for Treatment of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_air_ionization_therapy

Continuous negative air ionization, over two generations, was found to result in depletion of thymus mass when compared with ... Continuous negative air ionization, over two generations, was found to result in depletion of thymus mass when compared with ... The effect of negative air ionization on the thymus glands of laboratory rats. ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF01873188

"Air Ionization" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Air Ionization" was a major or minor topic of ... "Air Ionization" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Air Ionization" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Air Ionization". ...

https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Air%20Ionization

Plasma ionization Microhollow cathode discharge Direct analysis in real-time Ion source miniaturization Air quality monitoring ... Microplasma Ionization of Volatile Organics for Improving Air/Water Monitoring Systems On-Board the International Space Station ... Current in-flight air monitoring systems provide the necessary information to accurately assess air quality in the ... recent advances in direct open air surface sampling/ionization. Chem. Rev. 113, 2269-2308 (2013)CrossRefGoogle Scholar ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13361-016-1388-y

Air ionization-Effective technology to address odours?. Air ionization-Effective technology to address odours?. MedicineEng ( ... RE: Air ionization-Effective technology to address odours?. itsmoked (Electrical). 25 Feb 18 08:50. Keep in mind;. Quote:. ... RE: Air ionization-Effective technology to address odours?. MedicineEng (Industrial). (OP). 21 Feb 18 14:22. itsmoked:. Thanks ... RE: Air ionization-Effective technology to address odours?. itsmoked (Electrical). 21 Feb 18 09:28. "Ionizer" as compared to " ...

https://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=435719

What is free-air ionization chamber? Meaning of free-air ionization chamber as a legal term. What does free-air ionization ... Definition of free-air ionization chamber in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. ... Two of the air-kerma standard chambers used in the comparison are parallel-plate free-air ionization chambers and the third ... The free-air ionization chamber that has been dedicated for the measurement of air-kerma for electronic brachytherapy is the ...

https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/free-air+ionization+chamber

A reduction of dust levels by 13% from negative air... ... The effect of negative air ionisation was studied in three ... A reduction of dust levels by 13% from negative air ionisation was found and the difference was statistically significant. ... The effect of negative air ionisation was studied in three Norwegian poultry confinement buildings with compact cages for ... Respirable dust levels measured in one building declined by 20% during ionisation, but this difference was not statistically ...

http://www.aaem.pl/REDUCTION-OF-DUST-EXPOSURE-BY-NEGATIVE-AIR-IONISATION,90814,0,2.html

Home / Salt Therapy Resources / Forced Indoor Air Ionization. Forced Indoor Air Ionization. Forced Indoor Air Ionization by ... Now, the device uses forced indoor air ionization by salt sublimation and give so much relief in many respiratory conditions. ... The authors concluded that forced ionization of the indoor air represents a natural and efficient treatment for respiratory ... VIENNA, AUSTRIA - June 8, 2001 - Forced ionization of indoor air by salt sublimation may improve respiratory symptoms in cystic ...

https://www.salinetherapy.com/salt-therapy-resources/forced-indoor-air-ionization/

... lights and negative air ionization for preventing airborne TB transmission using a guinea pig air-sampling model to measure the ... Conclusions Upper-room UV lights and negative air ionization each prevented most airborne TB transmission detectable by guinea ... 11 more authors) (2009) Upper-Room Ultraviolet Light and Negative Air Ionization to Prevent Tuberculosis Transmission. PLoS ... Upper-Room Ultraviolet Light and Negative Air Ionization to Prevent Tuberculosis Transmission ...

https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/42890/

MicroFID II Flame Ionisation Detector Brochure MicroFID II Flame Ionisation Detector Manual ... HOME , PRODUCTS , PORTABLE GAS DETECTION , VOC, ISOCYANATE AND OZONE MONITORS , MICROFID II FLAME IONISATION DETECTOR ... The intrinsically safe, portable MicroFID II Flame Ionization Detector (FID) is designed for HAZMAT detection, confined space ...

https://www.airmet.com.au/product/microfid-ii-flame-ionisation-detector

True or false? Human lungs hold some air even after forced exhalation.. BIOLOGY:CONCEPTS+APPL.(LOOSELEAF) ... The ionizations constant of a very weak acid, HA is 4.0 × 10 − 9 .Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of H 3 O + , A‒ and ... Without looking at data in the text, sketch a qualitative graph of the third ionization energy versus atomic nu.... Chemistry ...

https://www.bartleby.com/solution-answer/chapter-16-problem-52ps-chemistry-and-chemical-reactivity-10th-edition/9781337399074/the-ionizations-constant-of-a-very-weak-acid-ha-is-40109calculate-the-equilibrium-concentrations/90634e5c-a2cd-11e8-9bb5-0ece094302b6

Monitairs Air Cleaner based on Bipolar Ionization Technology. Designed & Engineered in Israel. Make Your Building Clean and ... Remove air pollutants such as smoke, odors, mold, bacteria and viruses. Provide a safe and enjoyable environment for your ... Provide clean indoor air in a public place. Bring customers a safe and comfortable experience for their physical activities. ... Provide a visible air cleaning solution in the workplace. Reduce workers anxiety of COVID-19, improve work experience and ...

https://monitair-solutions.com/

Wavelengths for ionization (Replies: 4) * Is it possible: ionizing atoms in free-air (Replies: 6) ... While the cation ionization seems straightforward Im more concerned about the anion ionization. How many additional electrons ... Similar Discussions: Maximum ionization of free elements * Best way to ionize compounds and/or elements? (Replies: 1) ... I wondered what is the maximal ionization of a given element when it is free (not bound into a molecule).. Id assume it is ...

https://www.physicsforums.com/threads/maximum-ionization-of-free-elements.731914/

can you turn off the ionization marr. Asked by marr October 30, 2020 ... room air purifiers. alen air purifier. winix d480. wen air filtration. persenal ac. room air filter. ... BreatheSmart Fit50 HEPA Air Purifier. BreatheSmart FIT50 air purifier has compact,BreatheSmart FIT50 air purifier has compact, ... The Winix HR900 Ultimate Pet Air PurifierThe Winix HR900 Ultimate Pet Air Purifier is designed to provide superior air cleaning ...

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The FID is a high specification Flame Ionization Detector (FID) based analyzer for accurate trace Total Hydrocarbon (THC) ... Electronic air controllers for air, fuel and sample reduce the analyzers dependency on sample and barometric pressure, and ... The ability to perform quality THC control checks in pure O2, N2, Ar, He, air or CO2is also important, so a single, adaptable ... Analyzer FinderGases SensedTechnologiesClean Air SeriesSERVOFLEX Product RangeSERVOPRO Product RangeSERVOPRO ULTRA Series ...

https://www.servomex.com/gas-analyzers/finder/fid/

... there has been an emergence of new technologies advertised for helping remove the pathogen from the air. ... When ionization is combined with an air purifier, all air particles and particles in the air are forced to take on a positive ... Ionizing Air Purifiers. Ionization has often come up as a possible way to deal with COVID-19 particles in the air. However, ... Like ionization, it charges the particles in the air, causing them to attach themselves to all the surfaces in a room. Although ...

https://www.setra.com/blog/are-they-effective-ionization-plasma-sterilization-and-uv-bulbs

The ionization of air or gas creates plasma with conductive properties similar to that of metals. Plasma is the tool nature ... The air may not ionize equally in all directions. Dust or impurities (any object) in the air may cause the air to break down ... By this comparison, we can view the ionization process as burning a path through the air for the lightning to follow, much ... So this ionized air (also known as plasma) is much more conductive than the previous non-ionized air. Incidentally, the ability ...

https://science.howstuffworks.com/nature/natural-disasters/lightning.htm/printable

Get the latest air purification ozone news on Environmental XPRT, the worlds largest environmental industry marketplace and ... Photo-hydro Ionization A detailed explanation of the air purification technology contained in AgriAIr purification units: This ... air purification ozone News. Related terms for "air purification ozone ": air purification news , air purification ozone ... Entsorga-Enteco 2009 - Focus on `Air Quality Control & Emissions Protection`: Mission `Clean Air` forges ahead Air quality ...

https://www.environmental-expert.com/news/keyword-air-purification-ozone-83553

Get the latest air purification process news , the worlds largest environmental industry marketplace and information resource. ... Photo-hydro Ionization A detailed explanation of the air purification technology contained in AgriAIr purification units: This ... Efficient exhaust air purification for drying and painting processes Dürr Environmental and Energy Systems optimizes exhaust ... Hong Kongs First Serviced Apartment Brand to Provide WHO-Standard Clean Air (Hong Kong, September 21, 2011) - CHI Residences ...

https://www.environmental-expert.com/news/keyword-air-purification-process-116003

Learn about safe and healthy air travel and how the aviation industry, health agencies and Boeing are working to safeguard your ... Use of Bipolar Ionization for Disinfection within Airplanes. Boeing researchers evaluated bipolar ionization in various ... Cabin air filtration Is the airplane cabin air safe? Todays airplanes incorporate cabin air features designed to help protect ... Our airplanes proven air circulation systems filter out more than 99.9% of viruses and bacteria, exchange the air every two to ...

https://www.boeing.com/confident-travel/?gclid=Cj0KCQjwpdqDBhCSARIsAEUJ0hPTamVL27kRqX_iBXo1a775wf-66FZOTpSQf99GNu6VC14VI0jo0lcaAuzUEALw_wcB

Krackeler Scientific Flame Ionization Detector Jet. For Capillary dedicated Flame Ionization Detector (FID). ... MilliporeSigma™ M Air T™ Agar Cassettes. Ready-to-use cassettes, prefilled with gamma-sterilized medium ... Nextteq™ Nextteq™ Gastec™ GV100S Air Sampling Kit. Accurately, efficiently measures more than 500 gases and vapors over a wide ... GE Healthcare Whatman™ PM 2.5 Air Monitoring Filters Low-chemical-background filters permit sensitive, interference-free ...

https://www.fishersci.com/us/en/products/I9C8KOBH/chemical-monitoring-instrumentation.html?nav=27484

Charged-Plate Monitor evaluates air ionization systems.. White Papers & Case Studies. * How Thinking Wireless Can Overcome ...

https://news.thomasnet.com/news/instruments/132

... this QuietClean air purifier helps capture up to 99% of microscopic allergens and air pollutants, 2 microns or larger. Dust, ... QuietClean Air Purifier. 5500-2 Air Cleaner with PlasmaWave Technology. T500 Tower Air Purifier. Pure Hot + Cool, Air Purifier ... QuietClean Air Purifier. 5500-2 Air Cleaner with PlasmaWave Technology. T500 Tower Air Purifier. Pure Hot + Cool, Air Purifier ... This is not a HEPA air purifier. It is an ifD air purifier, and uses charged ions to help clean the air. The filters in the ...

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The influence of variable air-fuel ratio inside a spark ignition engine is examined by the use of an ionization sensor. The ... Local Air-Fuel Ratio Measurements Using the Spark Plug as an Ionization Sensor. 1997-02-24 ... The air/fuel ratio was varied from stoichiometric to lean limit. EGR values from 0 to 30% at stoichiometric air/fuel ratio were ... A model based on an ionization equilibrium analysis, that can relate the ion current to the state of the gas inside the ...

https://www.sae.org/search/?sort=pdd&display=list&affiliations=%28%22Lund+Institute+of+Technology%22%29&taxonomy=%28%2250001%22+OR+%2250002%22+OR+%2250932%22+OR+%2250155%22%29

Three MIRAN SapphIRe portable ambient air analyzers (SAP) and three Century portable toxic vapor analyzers (TVAs) were ... Air-monitoring; Air-sampling-equipment; Toxic-vapors; Flame-ionization-methods; Relative-humidity; Air-temperature; Temperature ... Three MIRAN SapphIRe portable ambient air analyzers (SAP) and three Century portable toxic vapor analyzers (TVAs) were ... the monitors were calibrated per the manufacturers instructions using methane for the TVA flame ionization detector (FID) and ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/20042656.html

... odors and other pollutants in the air. Once we installed the Plasma Air system, all of those problems went away. Our customer ... What is the maximum temperature that the ionization tube can be subjected to? The tubes should not be subjected to temperatures ... What is the maximum temperature that the ionization tube can be subjected to? ... What is the maximum temperature that the ionization tube can be subjected to? ...

http://plasma-air.com/how-it-works/faq/what-maximum-temperature-ionization-tube-can-be-subjected

Strong NeedlePoint Bipolar Ionization (NPBI ®) Sanitizes Air and Surfaces. *Antibacterial / Antiviral NPBI ® Air Cleaner: ... BSE BA-600 Commercial Ambient Ceiling Mount Room Air Sanitizer-with NPBI ® Needlepoint Bipolar Ionization. Sale Price. $1,450. ... How does it work? NBPI ® (needlepoint bipolar ionization) used in air cleaners has been shown to be very effective against: ... The BSE BA-600 Commercial Ambient Ceiling Mount Room Air Sanitizer-with NPBI ® Needlepoint Bipolar Ionization is arguably one ...

https://www.airpurifiersandcleaners.com/bse-ba-600-commercial-air-sanitizer

"Air flow assisted ionization for remote sampling of ambient mass spectrometry and its application". Rapid Communications in ... Ambient ionization is a form of ionization in which ions are formed in an ion source outside the mass spectrometer without ... Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is one of the original ambient ionization sources and uses an electrospray source to ... Probe electrospray ionization (PESI) is a modified version of conventional electrospray ionization in which the capillary for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambient_ionization

FLEX is a sleek air purifier with a modern and stylish design to fit into any décor! (homedepot.com)
Alen has been in the air purifier business since 2005 and believes that when people breathe better, they live better and feel better. (homedepot.com)
When ionization is combined with an air purifier, all air particles and particles in the air are forced to take on a positive or negative charge. (setra.com)
With an ionizing air purifier, this means all the dust and odors are now charged and will immediately attach themselves to articles in the room like a desk, phone, or walls. (setra.com)
Suitable for medium-large rooms, this QuietClean air purifier helps capture up to 99% of microscopic allergens and air pollutants, 2 microns or larger. (homedepot.com)
This is not a HEPA air purifier. (homedepot.com)
It's also an antimicrobial wall mount air cleaner and can sit on the floor as a portable germicidal air purifier, providing maximum air and surface purfication options, all in one unit. (airpurifiersandcleaners.com)
Air Purifier, Air Cleaner with Ionizwer, Ionizer Purifier manufacturer / supplier in China, offering Mfresh YL-100E Plug in High Concentrate Ionization Air Purifier, High Concentration Anionic Air Purifier (100C), Mfresh 2014 Hot Selling 6334e HEPA Filter Air Purifier//Negative Ion Air Purifier for Home/Office Use and so on. (made-in-china.com)
The negative ions, produced by the ioniser , attach to these particles and form larger particles that can be trapped more easily by an air purifier filter or attracted to surfaces within the room and consequently being taken out of the air. (healthy-house.co.uk)
The Ela AP282 UV HEPA Air Purifier timer function means you can set your air purifier going and simply forget about it and carry on with your everyday tasks. (healthy-house.co.uk)
The Fellowes AeraMax DX55 uses the high efficiency True HEPA filter in the air purifier will remove 99.97% of particles down to 0.3 microns. (healthy-house.co.uk)
To take the concern out of maintenance, the AeraMax DX55 air purifier includes a filter change indicator to help you maintain optimal performance. (healthy-house.co.uk)
The Healthy House ® offers the range of Fellowes ® Replacement Filters to help you maintain your AeraMax DX55 air purifier. (healthy-house.co.uk)
The AeraMax DX55 Air Purifier will easily filter the air in your room size up to 30m 2 at 3 air changes per hour on the high setting. (healthy-house.co.uk)
This gives you peace of mind without having to manually alter the AeraMax DX55 Air Purifier settings. (healthy-house.co.uk)
Below you will find a table with percentages of people who have benefited from getting an ionizer or air purifier. (cleanairoptima.com)
An air purifier is provided for purifying air in rooms of a home, office, or other commercial establishment. (google.com)
0 /24 T-z f l gi/ nvvslvrolr JOHNJ.HALLORA/V 68 22 v ATTORNEVS AIR PURIFIER Air contamination is generally broken down into two separate and distinct areas. (google.com)

We provide the latest IAQ technology, including bipolar ionization devices for an HVAC system, real-time IAQ monitors, and stand alone air purifiers that can be placed in any space. (monitair-solutions.com)
The Healthy House ® recommends their air purifiers based on a minimum of 3 air changes per hour. (healthy-house.co.uk)
These "Air Balls" as I call them, are purifiers you can move room to room. (yankodesign.com)
Disinfecting, ventilation, air purifiers and air filtration systems are part of a safe and proactive plan to protect yourself and your business in this new age of heightened safety and awareness. (retrofitcompanies.com)
Air purifiers have increased in popularity. (healthcentral.com)
Active air purifiers use ionization to clean the air. (healthcentral.com)
The best known names in commercially available air purifiers those made by Levoit Technologies, Bionaire , Guardian industries , Hamilton Beach , and Houselog . (healthcentral.com)

The intrinsically safe, portable MicroFID II Flame Ionization Detector (FID) is designed for HAZMAT detection, confined space entry and soil gas monitoring. (airmet.com.au)
The FID is a high specification Flame Ionization Detector (FID) based analyzer that provides a robust and high accuracy solution to trace Total Hydrocarbon (THC) measurements, ensuring gas stream inflammability levels are closely monitored. (servomex.com)
For Capillary dedicated Flame Ionization Detector (FID). (fishersci.com)
Prior to sampling, the monitors were calibrated per the manufacturer's instructions using methane for the TVA flame ionization detector (FID) and isobutylene for the photoionization detector (PID), whereas the SapphIRe instruments were zeroed and the instrument's manufacturer-supplied library was used. (cdc.gov)

Eckerskorn C, Strupat K, Karas M, Hillenkamp F, Lottspeich F. Mass spectrometric analysis of blotted proteins after gel electrophoretic separation by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization. (harvard.edu)
Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is one of the original ambient ionization sources and uses an electrospray source to create charged droplets that are directed at a solid sample. (wikipedia.org)
Desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI) is a solid-liquid extraction ambient ionization method that enables the direct analysis of samples deposited on surfaces by means of a jet of hot solvent vapour and ultraviolet light. (wikipedia.org)
Infrared laser desorption can be coupled with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization using laser desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (LD-APCI). (wikipedia.org)
In this study, we developed an in situ metabolomics method based on ambient mass spectrometry imaging using air flow-assisted desorption electrospray ionization (AFADESI), which can spatially explore the alteration of global metabolites in tissues with high sensitivity. (nature.com)
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) MSI allows direct analysis of the spatial distribution of proteins in tissue specimens, enabling the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers of cancer 20 , 21 . (nature.com)
Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MSI, one of the earliest ambient MSI methods, has been applied to the classification of tumors and can provide valuable prognostic information such as tumor subtype and grade, mainly in terms of the lipid profile 22 , 23 . (nature.com)
Imaging mass spectrometry by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI-IMS) and stress-strain measurements were used. (hindawi.com)
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is suitable for high-throughput and rapid diagnostics at low costs and can be considered an alternative for conventional biochemical and molecular identification systems in a conventional microbiological laboratory. (asm.org)
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been used to analyze many different biological molecules. (asm.org)
Surface analysis using a new plasma assisted desorption ionisation source for mass spectrometry in ambient air. (npl.co.uk)
The authors report on a modified micro plasma assisted desorption/ionisation (PADI) device which creates plasma through the breakdown of ambient air rather than utilising an independent noble gas flow. (npl.co.uk)

Since the 1990s, emissions of pollutants such as sulphur dioxide and volatile organic compunds into the air have been reduced in the European Union and Switzerland. (environmental-expert.com)
Painting and drying of car bodies produce gaseous pollutants that have to be removed from the air depending on the paint system and statutory requirements. (environmental-expert.com)
With the highest volume of customers and flights in the country, our terminals at LAX were often saturated with unwanted jet fumes, odors and other pollutants in the air. (plasma-air.com)
Wearable ionization air cleaners are compact in size and marketed for personal respiratory protection by removing air pollutants from users' breathing zone. (cdc.gov)
Indoor air pollutants are unwanted, sometimes harmful materials in the air. (epa.gov)
Usually the best way to address this risk is to control or eliminate the sources of pollutants, and to ventilate a home with clean outdoor air. (epa.gov)
Air cleaning devices are intended to remove pollutants from indoor air. (epa.gov)
What Types of Pollutants Can an Air Cleaner Remove? (epa.gov)
There are several types of air cleaning devices available, each designed to remove certain types of pollutants. (epa.gov)
Gas-phase air filters remove gases and odors by using a material called a sorbent, such as activated carbon, which adsorbs the pollutants. (epa.gov)
The advantage of these larger systems is that it can remove particles or larger amount of air pollutants in a shorter period of time. (healthcentral.com)

We evaluated the efficacy of upper-room ultraviolet (UV) lights and negative air ionization for preventing airborne TB transmission using a guinea pig air-sampling model to measure the TB infectiousness of ward air. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Conclusions Upper-room UV lights and negative air ionization each prevented most airborne TB transmission detectable by guinea pig air sampling. (whiterose.ac.uk)
Independent testing by world-renowned hospitals and universities has proven that Monitair's bipolar ionization actively removes surface and airborne viruses, bacteria, VOCs, mold, odor, and other harmful pollutants. (monitair-solutions.com)
Our airplane's proven air circulation systems filter out more than 99.9% of viruses and bacteria, exchange the air every two to three minutes and create air flow that limits the spread of airborne contaminants. (boeing.com)
Bipolar ions also cause the agglomeration or clumping together of airborne contaminants like particulate or molecules, aiding filtration capture and causing them to drop out of breathing areas (such as breathing spaces between people) by increasing their mass as they stick together in the air and fall away. (airpurifiersandcleaners.com)
6. Airborne transmission depends on people tolaunch viruses into the air. (slideshare.net)
The first area concerns itself with particulate contamination of the air and consists of particles of airborne lint, fly ash, dust, pollen, fungus spores, bacteria, and minute liquid aerosols. (google.com)
This measure is known as the PM2.5 count which refers to the small airborne particles in areas with heavy air pollution. (healthcentral.com)

Attorney Agent or Flrmpamck Barren John A. Michnowicz, Santa Clara, both of Calif. ABSTRACT [73] Assignee: newletbpackard Company, Palo This is an ion-producing source having a distinct Alto Calm chemical ionization configuration and a distinct electron impact configuration. (google.com)

Two of the air-kerma standard chambers used in the comparison are parallel-plate free-air ionization chambers and the third standard is a variable volume cylindrical chamber. (thefreedictionary.com)
The theoretical aspects of dosimetry are given in the comprehensive chapter on cavity theory, followed by the description of primary measurement standards, ionization chambers, chemical dosimeters and solid state detectors. (wiley.com)
It describes options and how to calibrate plane parallel ionization chambers, against air kerma or absorbed dose to water standards at cobalt-60 gamma ray energies. (iaea.org)
ISDs principally differ in number and design of the measurement and reference chambers necessary for measuring the ionisation current and in the electronic evaluation system used. (bfs.de)

Ionisation smoke detectors (ISD) are smoke detectors using radioactive substances , in most cases americium-241 with activities between 15 and 40 kilobecquerels. (bfs.de)
There are many brands of smoke detector on the market, but they all fall under two basic types- ionization chamber smoke detectors and photoelectric smoke detectors . (hometips.com)
Ionization detectors use a radioactive source that produces electrically charged molecules (ions). (hometips.com)
Ionization detectors are better at detecting the smaller amounts of smoke produced by fast, flaming fires. (hometips.com)
Gases and odours are analysed manually using handheld detectors and by panels of volunteers asked to smell samples of air. (eurekalert.org)
Levels of methane gas are currently monitored using Flame Ionisation Detectors. (eurekalert.org)

The free-air ionization chamber that has been dedicated for the measurement of air-kerma for electronic brachytherapy is the Lamperti FAC [7]. (thefreedictionary.com)
Aitken, An Analysis of the Free-Air Ionization Chamber for Extended Sources of Radiation, Phys. (thefreedictionary.com)
The instrument most nearly suitable for exposure measurements of radiation from iodine-125 is the Ritz [2] free-air ionization chamber (FAC). (thefreedictionary.com)
This technique has been developed in order to offer a supplementary low-cost facility of controlling the air-fuel ratio within the combustion chamber of an engine. (sae.org)
In this source, a hollow chamber including an ion source and a source of sample molecules receives a hollow, slidable cylindrical member having a chemical ionization chamber within it. (google.com)
Orifices in the chamber and the cylindrical member connect the chemical ionization source chamber to the electron source and to the sample molecule source when the cylindrical member is pulled to one position. (google.com)
When the cylindrical member is pulled to another position, the slidable cylindrical member and the inside walls of the chamber define the ionization region to which the electron source and the sample molecule source are directly connected. (google.com)
In this source, a hollow i 1 Flledi g- 9 1973 chamber including an ion source and a source of sam- [21] APPL No: 391,721 ple molecules receives a hollow, slidable cylindrical member having a chemical ionization chamber within it. (google.com)
250/427 connect the chemical ionization source chamber to [51 1 Int. Cl. (google.com)
When the cylindrical member is pulled to another pol Referemes Cied sition, the slidable cylindrical member and the inside UNITED STATES PATENTS walls of the chamber define the ionization region to 3.115591 12/1963 Brunnee a. 250/423 WhiCh the electron mum and the Sample molecule 3355.587 11/1967 j k n 25 7 source are directly connected. (google.com)
Table 2 provides a summary of the methods applied in all of the experiments and illustrates the specific linkages between experiments afforded by ionization chamber (IC) measurements. (thefreedictionary.com)
Both the Radcal 10X5-1800 ionization chamber and an RTI R100B solid-state detector (sensitive area 1 [cm.sup.2]) were calibrated using the NIST M50 standard beam quality [12]. (thefreedictionary.com)
The BRH suggested a measurement procedure based on 2 concepts, the Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) and the Multiple Scan Average Dose (MSAD), using a single ionization chamber measurement. (thefreedictionary.com)
The NIST Attix free-air ionization chamber [4] was also used to directly measure the air-attenuation corrections for various sources. (thefreedictionary.com)
Since the 1960's the NIST pressurized ionization chamber "A" (PIC "A") has been used for two main purposes. (thefreedictionary.com)
those that scatter through the target walls will be absorbed in a [.sup.6]Li liner surrounding the target vessel, and the remaining 15 % will be transmitted to the ionization chamber at the end of the beamline for diagnostic purposes. (thefreedictionary.com)
Haldane chamber an air-tight chamber in which animals are confined for metabolic studies. (thefreedictionary.com)
In this study, ozone emission and particle removal rates of four wearable ionization air cleaners (namely, AC1 through AC4) were evaluated inside a 0.46 m3 stainless steel chamber. (cdc.gov)
According to TG-59, an ionization chamber reading is corrected to compensate for the temperature and pressure dependence of which of the following? (theabr.org)
Measurements of the gamma ray exposure rate were made with a pressurized ionization chamber. (cdc.gov)

For Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD), a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing high (4.5x1014 ions/second) and low (1.7x1011 ions/second) flow rate negative air ionization with bright light therapy found that the post-treatment improvement percentage was 57.1% for bright light, 47.9% for high-density ions and 22.7% for low-density ions. (wikipedia.org)
The dissociation of molecules in the air into positive and negative ions under the influence of an electric field. (harvard.edu)
Ambient ionization is a form of ionization in which ions are formed in an ion source outside the mass spectrometer without sample preparation or separation. (wikipedia.org)
Ions can be formed by extraction into charged electrospray droplets, thermally desorbed and ionized by chemical ionization, or laser desorbed or ablated and post-ionized before they enter the mass spectrometer. (wikipedia.org)
Plasma-based ambient ionization is based on an electrical discharge in a flowing gas that produces metastable atoms and molecules and reactive ions. (wikipedia.org)
Ions are formed by chemical ionization in the gas phase. (wikipedia.org)
These additional reagent ions are capable of ionizing compounds via charge-transfer processes and, thus, offer alternative routes of ionization besides proton transfer, leading to a broader range of suitable analytes. (wikipedia.org)
Laser-based ambient ionization is a two-step process in which a pulsed laser is used to desorb or ablate material from a sample and the plume of material interacts with an electrospray or plasma to create ions. (wikipedia.org)
Apparently many of the positive ions enter the blood stream via the lungs when inhaling air. (cleanairoptima.com)
As indicated in the table the air is dominated by positive ions (3 times as much) just before a storm. (cleanairoptima.com)
Ion generators, or ionizers, disperse charged ions into the air, similar to the electronic air cleaners but without a collector. (epa.gov)
Travelling fast and far the positive holes cause a range of follow-on reactions when they arrive at the Earth's surface, where they cause air ionization, injecting massive amounts of primarily positive air ions into the lower atmosphere. (mdpi.com)

With the High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter, the goal is to remove particles as small as 2.5 microns thereby lowering the indoor PM2.5 count. (healthcentral.com)

Performance of wearable ionization air cleaners: ozone emission and particle removal. (cdc.gov)

Top-rated smoke and carbon monoxide detector uses both ionization and photoelectric technologies, and it features voice commands to let you know what's wrong. (hometips.com)

As well as a manual mode, with electronic AeraSmart sensors, the Fellowes AeraMax DX55 has auto mode allows the unit to regulate its speed according to the actual amount of particles and gaseous contaminants present in the air. (healthy-house.co.uk)
In fact, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), indoor air contains two to five times and potentially as much as 100 times more contaminants than the air outdoors. (mercola.com)
The ventilation method may, however, be limited by weather conditions or undesirable levels of contaminants contained in outdoor air. (epa.gov)

Ionization has often come up as a possible way to deal with COVID-19 particles in the air. (setra.com)
Like ionization, it charges the particles in the air, causing them to attach themselves to all the surfaces in a room. (setra.com)
The minimum true HEPA standard requires the filter to capture 99.97% of the 0.3 micron particles in the air passing through the filter. (healthy-house.co.uk)

Air is filtered by a mechanical filter, then odors are removed from the air, and the air is exposed to germicidal lamps for killing bacteria, then the air passes through a high efficiency electrostatically. (google.com)

The next logical step in the design of a combined air/water analyzer is the miniaturization of the plasma ion source itself by using a microplasma system, with the goal of reducing overall instrument size, required gas flow rates, and electrical power consumption. (springer.com)

Solid-liquid extraction based ambient ionization is based on the use of a charged spray, for example electrospray to create a liquid film on the sample surface. (wikipedia.org)
The secondary electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SESI-MS) technique is a highly sensitive promising technique for the analyses of complex mixtures of trace gaseous analytes in air and breath, achieving limits of detection in the pmol/mol range. (cas.cz)

The second area concerns itself with gaseous contaminates such as carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, etc. which are in solution with the air molecules. (google.com)

Proven to drastically reduce particulate contaminates via recirculation of sterilized air, the Setra AIIR Watch improves air quality in minutes and maintains it throughout operation. (setra.com)
HEPA is an acronym for "High Efficiency Particulate Air" or "High Efficiency Particulate Arrestance. (healthy-house.co.uk)
The particulate matter continually floating around the air in your home is made up of substances like dust, metals, smoke, liquid droplets, chemicals and pollen. (mercola.com)
High efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters are in this category. (epa.gov)
One of the ways to reduce this burden is through the use of High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filtering machines. (healthcentral.com)
Fine particulate matter is defined as particles floating in the air that measure 2.5 microns which means they are small enough to be inhaled and reach the small airways. (healthcentral.com)

They can be either small stand-alone devices or in the case of more sophisticated offerings, incorporated into heat, vacuum and air conditioning (HVAC) units in larger homes and other large dwellings and work spaces. (healthcentral.com)

While the cation ionization seems straightforward I'm more concerned about the anion ionization. (physicsforums.com)

The BA-600 antimicrobial air cleaner is UL-2998 certified for zero ozone emissions and UL-867. (airpurifiersandcleaners.com)

When the air heats up the electricity climes due to air which is electrically charged usually around 5000-20,000 volts but Jacob ladders can occur with 500,000 to 1 million volts at the transmission line, etc too. (instructables.com)

Ionization of gases and vapors by light. (google.de)

However, ambient ionization methods employing atmospheric plasmas typically require relatively high operation voltages and power, thus limiting their applicability in combination with fieldable mass spectrometers. (springer.com)
The air-liquid (a-l) interfacial chemistry of glyoxal is of great interest in atmospheric chemistry. (nature.com)
Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation occurring at the air-liquid (a-l) interface is important in atmospheric chemistry and its impact on global climate modeling. (nature.com)

There is some limited evidence to support the effectiveness of acupuncture, light therapy (for non-seasonal depression), massage therapy, negative air ionisation (for winter depression), relaxation therapy, S -adenosylmethionine, folate and yoga breathing exercises. (mja.com.au)

This invention relates to methods, compositions, and kits for the capture, measurement, and quantification of endotoxins, glucans, or their combination in samples taken from indoor air. (freepatentsonline.com)
7. The method of claim 1, whereby the step of measuring is preceded by storing the cartridge for later measurement in a different location than the air sampler. (freepatentsonline.com)

A reduction of dust levels by 13% from negative air ionisation was found and the difference was statistically significant. (aaem.pl)
Respirable dust levels measured in one building declined by 20% during ionisation, but this difference was not statistically significant. (aaem.pl)
Many dogs and cats these days have environmental allergies , including dust mite allergies, that can be triggered or made worse by poor air quality inside the home. (mercola.com)

c. a voltage source coupled to the emitter and collector electrodes to produce a flow of air from the emitter electrode to the collector electrode, the voltage source configured to automatically produce a first flow of air during a start up period and a second flow of air after the start up period, wherein the first flow is greater than the second flow. (google.com.au)
This is an ion-producing source having a distinct chemical ionization configuration and a distinct electron impact configuration. (google.com)
By moving the cylindrical member, the ionization source can be changed from a chemical ionization source to an electron impact source. (google.com)
the ionization source can be changed 3.553. (google.com)
Tieman 250/427 from a chemical ionization source to an electron im- MLlIlSOI'l pact ource 3.582.645 6/197l Brunnee et al. (google.com)
Ambient- and indoor-air sampling indicated that there was no environmental source of contamination. (cdc.gov)
Those allergens are tracked back inside and spread all around your home, including in the air, creating a major source of recurring irritation for your pet's itchy skin . (mercola.com)
REHVA guidance targets common non-residential buildings and in this case, outdoor air is NOT a contamination source. (rehva.eu)

Electrostatic filters tend to remove all particulates from an air flow - very effectively. (eng-tips.com)
Electronic air cleaners such as electrostatic precipitators use a process called electrostatic attraction to trap charged particles. (epa.gov)

Is disinfection treatment of air ducts necessary after the pandemic? (rehva.eu)
Do you recommend to clean air ducts (especially exhaust) with disinfection treatments after the pandemic? (rehva.eu)

It is optimized for quality control in pure oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, helium, air or carbon dioxide, delivering an adaptable solution designed to meet the needs of diverse applications, from cryogenic air separation plants to dry ice manufacturers. (servomex.com)

Some air cleaning devices are designed to be installed in the ductwork of a home's central heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system to clean the air in the whole house. (epa.gov)
It does not discuss the effectiveness of air cleaners installed in the HVAC systems of large buildings, such as apartments, offices, schools or public buildings. (epa.gov)
Associated Services Heating, Solar & Air, Inc. provides a wide variety of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) services for residential and commercial clients throughout the Monterey Bay Area. (diamondcertified.org)
This NPBI unit gets installed directly onto your HVAC, treating the air throughout your facility. (retrofitcompanies.com)

Two of the four wearable air cleaners (i.e. (cdc.gov)
Portable room air cleaners can be used to clean the air in a single room or specific areas, but they are not intended for whole-house filtration. (epa.gov)
This document describes performance characteristics associated with several types of air cleaners sold to consumers for home use. (epa.gov)
Some portable air cleaners sold in the consumer market are ENERGY STAR® qualified. (epa.gov)
Two types of air cleaning devices can remove particles from the air - mechanical air filters and electronic air cleaners. (epa.gov)

Continuous negative air ionization, over two generations, was found to result in depletion of thymus mass when compared with control values. (springer.com)
Ambient plasma ionization mass spectrometry (MS) is finding effective use as part of the analytical methodologies being tested for next-generation space module environmental analysis. (springer.com)

Although technically this does remove viruses like COVID-19 from the air, the virus is not captured anywhere. (setra.com)
How can people eject flu viruses into the air.2. (slideshare.net)

If fire aerosols enter the ISD through its vents, the size of the ionisation current changes. (bfs.de)

Evaluating and mapping of spatial air ion quality patterns in a residential garden using a geostatistic method. (harvard.edu)
Current in-flight air monitoring systems provide the necessary information to accurately assess air quality in the International Space Station (ISS), but the information available regarding water quality is still limited. (springer.com)
These on-board technologies, however, lack specificity or only focus on a narrow class of analytes, and are not implemented in a fashion that enables simultaneous air and water quality assessment. (springer.com)
I'm pursuing several air quality issues at the same time and you might have seen my other thread on kitchen exhaust systems. (eng-tips.com)
Monitair offers a comprehensive indoor air quality solution for different applications. (monitair-solutions.com)
Invest in employees through indoor air quality to enhance your business' reputation. (monitair-solutions.com)
We provide indoor air quality treatment across a variety of industries including educational institutions, restaurants, hotels and fitness centers. (monitair-solutions.com)
Hong Kong, September 21, 2011) - CHI Residences is to become Hong Kong's first Serviced Apartment brand to provide superior indoor air quality that meets and exceeds World Health Organisation Standards (WHO) as adopted by the Hong Kong government through the introduction of Oxyvital air purification technology. (environmental-expert.com)
The ability to perform quality THC control checks in pure O 2 , N 2 , Ar, He, air or CO 2 is also important, so a single, adaptable on-site solution is preferred. (servomex.com)
2. What is IAQ ?Indoor Air Quality as defined by OSHA Malaysia,OSHA Singapore and ASHRAE standard 62-1989. (slideshare.net)
So quality air is always related to fresh air. (slideshare.net)
2.Q: How do we know the air quality9 A:Indicator's color changing shows the air quality in the room. (alibaba.com)
Few things can impact your health and comfort more than your indoor air quality system. (diamondcertified.org)
Because most people spend more time at home than in any other single location, it is important to ensure that your indoor air quality and climate control system is serving your needs every day. (diamondcertified.org)
Add to this that air quality is not visibly detectable, and most ductwork and climate control systems are hidden, and you'll find that the process of achieving satisfactory indoor air quality is complex and mysterious to most consumers. (diamondcertified.org)
Fortunately, a qualified Monterey County or San Benito County indoor air quality contractor can assess the special needs of your home and offer an array of modifications or installations to ensure that the air in your home is as clean and comfortable as possible. (diamondcertified.org)
Air quality contractors in Monterey County and San Benito County address a large variety of home air quality problems, but these problems fall into three basic categories: comfort, health, and energy efficiency. (diamondcertified.org)
If your current air quality system does not satisfy you in all these areas, you need not suffer through sub-par home air quality, and in the case of a toxic home environment, it may be downright dangerous to neglect the problem. (diamondcertified.org)
The most common service that air quality contractors provide is improving the comfort of a home environment. (diamondcertified.org)
It's hard to put a price tag on the comfort and well being afforded by such air quality upgrades. (diamondcertified.org)
Fortunately, if your home has uneven heating or cooling, a licensed air quality contractor in Monterey County or San Benito County can test and locate any duct leaks using an Infiltrometer. (diamondcertified.org)
The two year small study offered data after researchers monitored air quality for 12 weeks in the homes of patients who had respiratory problems and compared it to outdoor air quality. (healthcentral.com)

The presence of hydrocarbons is detectable by burning the sampled gas in an air-hydrogen flame. (eurekalert.org)

Air Ionization" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)

Ionization is the process where an atom loses an electron. (cleanairoptima.com)

Diarrhea* 5 feet+ 160+ feet *As a result of toilet water aerosolization, air contamination in toilets need to be effectively sterilized and contained. (slideshare.net)

Negative air ionization therapy (NAIs) uses air ionisers as a non-pharmaceutical treatment for respiratory disease, allergy, or stress-related health conditions. (wikipedia.org)
Researchers have continued to cite a dearth of evidence about the effects of negative air ionization. (wikipedia.org)
The effect of negative air ionisation was studied in three Norwegian poultry confinement buildings with compact cages for laying hens on different farms. (aaem.pl)

A high efficiency air filtration method and apparatus utilizes a fibrous filter medium that is polarized by a high potential difference which exists between two electrodes. (google.com.ar)

Three MIRAN SapphIRe portable ambient air analyzers (SAP) and three Century portable toxic vapor analyzers (TVAs) were evaluated. (cdc.gov)

A detailed explanation of the air purification technology contained in AgriAIr purification units: This exclusive advanced oxidation process utilizes dual wavelength UV elements that are targeted onto a tri-metallic catalyst surface. (environmental-expert.com)
The BA-600 Ion Distribution System is the Gold Standard in Air Purification Technology. (airpurifiersandcleaners.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs12

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment14

Phenomena and Processes6

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science1

Health Care12

Geographicals1

Factors influencing the analytical performance of an atmospheric sampling glow discharge ionization source as revealed via ionization dynamics modeling. (1/24)

Millisecond pulsed radio frequency glow discharge time of flight mass spectrometry: temporal and spatial variations in molecular energetics. (2/24)

Comparison of electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and atmospheric pressure photoionization for the analysis of dinitropyrene and aminonitropyrene LC-MS/MS. (3/24)

Studies on the effects of ionization on bacterial aerosols in a burns and plastic surgery unit. (4/24)

Reduced flavin: NMR investigation of N5-H exchange mechanism, estimation of ionisation constants and assessment of properties as biological catalyst. (5/24)

Hospital-acquired legionnaires disease in a university hospital: impact of the copper-silver ionization system. (6/24)

Bactericidal action of positive and negative ions in air. (7/24)

The detection of airborne transmission of tuberculosis from HIV-infected patients, using an in vivo air sampling model. (8/24)

Air Ionization

Air

Radiometry

Film Dosimetry

Particle Accelerators

Scintillation Counting

Radiotherapy, High-Energy

Dictionaries, Medical

Flame Ionization

Chromatography, Gas

Oils, Volatile

Confined Spaces

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Gases

Ozone

Air Pollution, Indoor

Air Conditioning

Ventilation

Israel

Building Codes

Air Pollutants

Water Purification

Household Articles

Laundering

Filtration

Baths

Housing

Xanthine

Oxidants, Photochemical

Pentosyltransferases

Leishmania donovani

Noble Gases

Physics

Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

Krypton

Xenon

Electrons

Electron Transport

Sterilization

Sterilization, Tubal

Sterilization, Reproductive

Sterilization Reversal

Pandemics

Olfactory Bulb

Dander

Pollen

Allergens

Dust

Factors influencing the analytical performance of an atmospheric sampling glow discharge ionization source as revealed via ionization dynamics modeling. (1/24)

Millisecond pulsed radio frequency glow discharge time of flight mass spectrometry: temporal and spatial variations in molecular energetics. (2/24)

Comparison of electrospray ionization, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and atmospheric pressure photoionization for the analysis of dinitropyrene and aminonitropyrene LC-MS/MS. (3/24)

Studies on the effects of ionization on bacterial aerosols in a burns and plastic surgery unit. (4/24)

Reduced flavin: NMR investigation of N5-H exchange mechanism, estimation of ionisation constants and assessment of properties as biological catalyst. (5/24)

Hospital-acquired legionnaires disease in a university hospital: impact of the copper-silver ionization system. (6/24)

Bactericidal action of positive and negative ions in air. (7/24)

The detection of airborne transmission of tuberculosis from HIV-infected patients, using an in vivo air sampling model. (8/24)

Two years experience with quality assurance protocol for patient related Rapid Arc treatment plan verification using a two...

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Patente US5957133 - Oral appliance with negative air supply for reducing sleep apnea and snoring - Google Patentes

US5957133A - Oral appliance with negative air supply for reducing sleep apnea and snoring - Google Patents

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Abstract. Glow discharges are used in a large number of applications, and it is one of the most - PDF Free Download

Mendeley Data - Appendices for the article titled as - A Multiphase Acceptance Sampling Model by Attributes to Investigate the...

Plan Verification and Fairness Act of 2017 (H.R. 706) - GovTrack.us

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Home - Coastal Allergy Care

Dual USB Mini Car Air Purifier with Negative Ion Ionizer