Importance of air and water breathing in relation to size of the African lungfish Protopterus amphibius Peters. (1/1379)

1. Oxygen uptakes from air and water have been measured in relation to weight of the African lungfish Protopterus amphibius Peters. 2. Combined O2 uptake from air and water ranged from 60 ml O2 kg-1 h-1 STPD, in a 3-7 g specimen, to 30 ml O2kg-1 h-1, in a 255 g specimen. 3. While the combined O2 uptake changed by a factor of 2, within the weight range under study, the aquatic O2 uptake changed 8-fold within the same range. The smaller fish satisfy 70% of their O2 requirement by aquatic breathing compared to 10-15% in the grown specimens. 4. The pattern of bimodal breathing in P. amphibius is discussed in relation to the natural habitat of the species.  (+info)

Polarization-modulated FTIR spectroscopy of lipid/gramicidin monolayers at the air/water interface. (2/1379)

Monolayers of gramicidin A, pure and in mixtures with dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC), were studied in situ at the air/H2O and air/D2O interfaces by polarization-modulated infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). Simulations of the entire set of amide I absorption modes were also performed, using complete parameter sets for different conformations based on published normal mode calculations. The structure of gramicidin A in the DMPC monolayer could clearly be assigned to a beta6.3 helix. Quantitative analysis of the amide I bands revealed that film pressures of up to 25-30 mN/m the helix tilt angle from the vertical in the pure gramicidin A layer exceeded 60 degrees. A marked dependence of the peptide orientation on the applied surface pressure was observed for the mixed lipid-peptide monolayers. At low pressure the helix lay flat on the surface, whereas at high pressures the helix was oriented almost parallel to the surface normal.  (+info)

Bacteriophage inactivation at the air-water-solid interface in dynamic batch systems. (3/1379)

Bacteriophages have been widely used as surrogates for human enteric viruses in many studies on virus transport and fate. In this investigation, the fates of three bacteriophages, MS2, R17, and phiX174, were studied in a series of dynamic batch experiments. Both MS2 and R17 readily underwent inactivation in batch experiments where solutions of each phage were percolated through tubes packed with varying ratios of glass and Teflon beads. MS2 and R17 inactivation was the result of exposure to destructive forces at the dynamic air-water-solid interface. phiX174, however, did not undergo inactivation in similar studies, suggesting that this phage does not accumulate at air-water interfaces or is not affected by interfacial forces in the same manner. Other batch experiments showed that MS2 and R17 were increasingly inactivated during mixing in polypropylene tubes as the ionic strength of the solution was raised (phiX174 was not affected). By the addition of Tween 80 to suspensions of MS2 and R17, phage inactivation was prevented. Our data suggest that viral inactivation in simple dynamic batch experiments is dependent upon (i) the presence of a dynamic air-water-solid interface (where the solid is a hydrophobic surface), (ii) the ionic strength of the solution, (iii) the concentration of surface active compounds in the solution, and (iv) the type of virus used.  (+info)

Effects and interactions of opioids on plasma exudation induced by cigarette smoke in guinea pig bronchi. (4/1379)

The effects of opioids on cigarette smoke-induced plasma exudation were investigated in vivo in the main bronchi of anesthetized guinea pigs, with Evans blue dye as a plasma marker. Acute inhalation of cigarette smoke increased plasma exudation by 216% above air control values. Morphine, 0.1-10 mg/kg but not 30 mg/kg, inhibited the exudation but had no significant effect on substance P-induced exudation. Both 10 and 30 mg/kg of morphine increased exudation in air control animals, an effect inhibited by antihistamines but not by a tachykinin neurokinin type 1-receptor antagonist. Naloxone inhibited all morphine responses. Cigarette smoke-induced plasma exudation was inhibited by a mu-opioid-receptor agonist (DAMGO) but not by agonists at delta (DPDPE)- or kappa (U-50488H)-receptors. None of these agonists affected exudation in air control animals. DPDPE prevented the inhibition by DAMGO of cigarette smoke-induced plasma exudation, and the combination of DAMGO and DPDPE increased exudation in air control animals. Prevention of inhibition and the combination-induced increase were inhibited by antihistamines or the mast cell-stabilizing drug sodium cromoglycate. U-50488H did not alter the response to either DAMGO or DPDPE. We conclude that, in guinea pig main bronchi in vivo, mu-opioid-receptor agonists inhibit cigarette smoke-induced plasma exudation via a prejunctional mechanism. Plasma exudation induced by mu- and delta-receptor interactions is due to endogenous histamine release from mast cells.  (+info)

Induction of thioredoxin and thioredoxin reductase gene expression in lungs of newborn primates by oxygen. (5/1379)

Thioredoxin (TRX) is a potent protein disulfide oxidoreductase important in antioxidant defense and regulation of cell growth and signal transduction processes, among them the production of nitric oxide. We report that lung TRX and its reductase, TR, are specifically upregulated at birth by O2. Throughout the third trimester, mRNAs for TRX and TR were expressed constitutively at low levels in fetal baboon lungs. However, after premature birth (125 or 140 of 185 days gestation), lung TRX and TR mRNAs increased rapidly with the onset of O2 or air breathing. Lung TRX mRNA also increased in lungs of term newborns with air breathing. Premature animals (140 days) breathing 100% O2 develop chronic lung disease within 7-14 days. These animals had greater TRX and TR mRNAs after 1, 6, or 10 days of life than fetal control animals. In 140-day animals given lesser O2 concentrations (as needed) who do not develop chronic lung disease, lung TRX and TR mRNAs were also increased on days 1 and 6 but not significantly on day 10. In fetal distal lung explant culture, mRNAs for TRX and TR were elevated within 4 h in 95% O2 relative to 1% O2, and the response was similar at various gestations. In contrast, TRX protein did not increase in lung explants from premature animals (125 or 140 days) but did in those from near-term (175-day) fetal baboons after exposure to hyperoxia. However, lung TRX protein and activity, as well as TR activity, eventually did increase in vivo in response to hyperoxia (6 days). Increases in TRX and TR mRNAs in response to 95% O2 also were observed in adult baboon lung explants. When TRX redox status was determined, increased O2 tension shifted TRX to its oxidized form. Treatment of lung explants with actinomycin D inhibited TRX and TR mRNA increases in 95% O2, indicating transcriptional regulation by O2. The acute increase in gene expression for both TRX and TR in response to O2 suggests an important role for these proteins during the transition from relatively anaerobic fetal life to O2 breathing at birth.  (+info)

Adaptation of bulk constitutive equations to insoluble monolayer collapse at the air-water interface. (6/1379)

A constitutive equation based on stress-strain models of bulk solids was adapted to relate the surface pressure, compression rate, and temperature of an insoluble monolayer of monodendrons during collapse at the air-water interface. A power law relation between compression rate and surface pressure and an Arrhenius temperature dependence of the steady-state creep rate were observed in data from compression rate and creep experiments in the collapse region. These relations were combined into a single constitutive equation to calculate the temperature dependence of the collapse pressure with a maximum error of 5 percent for temperatures ranging from 10 degrees to 25 degrees C.  (+info)

Induction of selected lipid metabolic enzymes and differentiation-linked structural proteins by air exposure in fetal rat skin explants. (7/1379)

The epidermal permeability barrier of premature infants matures rapidly following birth. Previous studies suggest that air exposure could contribute to this acceleration, because: (i) development of a structurally and functionally mature barrier accelerates when fetal rat skin explants are incubated at an air-medium interface, and (ii) occlusion with a water-impermeable membrane prevents this acceleration. To investigate further the effects of air exposure on epidermal barrier ontogenesis, we compared the activities of several key enzymes of lipid metabolism and gene expression of protein markers of epidermal differentiation in fetal rat skin explants grown immersed versus air exposed. The rate-limiting enzymes of cholesterol (HMG CoA reductase) and ceramide (serine palmitoyl transferase) synthesis were not affected. In contrast, the normal developmental increases in activities of glucosylceramide synthase and cholesterol sulfotransferase, responsible for the synthesis of glucosylceramides and cholesterol sulfate, respectively, were accelerated further by air exposure. Additionally, two enzymes required for the final stages of barrier maturation and essential for normal stratum corneum function, beta-glucocerebrosidase, which converts glucosylceramide to ceramide, and steroid sulfatase, which desulfates cholesterol sulfate, also increased with air exposure. Furthermore, filaggrin and loricrin mRNA levels, and filaggrin, loricrin, and involucrin protein levels all increased with air exposure. Finally, occlusion with a water-impermeable membrane prevented both the air-exposure-induced increase in lipid enzyme activity, and the expression of loricrin, filaggrin, and involucrin. Thus, air exposure stimulates selected lipid metabolic enzymes and the gene expression of key structural proteins in fetal epidermis, providing a biochemical basis for air-induced acceleration of permeability barrier maturation in premature infants.  (+info)

Development of in-vitro-derived bovine embryos cultured in 5% CO2 in air or in 5% O2, 5% CO2 and 90% N2. (8/1379)

To evaluate the effects of a three gas mixture of 5% O2, 5% CO2 and 90% N2 (OCN) on preimplantation embryo development, bovine in-vitro fertilization (IVF) oocytes were cultured in a defined medium (mBECM) with various supplements either under 5% CO2 in air or under OCN. When cultured in mBECM alone, embryo development was significantly stimulated in OCN compared to 5% CO2 in air (experiment 1). In the OCN atmosphere, blastocyst formation was further increased after addition of fetal bovine serum (FBS; 10%) or FBS + cumulus granulosa cells (CGC) to mBECM. The ratio of blastocysts to 8-cell embryos, number of hatched blastocysts and embryo diameter were markedly increased, and zona thickness was decreased after FBS addition. However, development up to the morula stage was fully supported by mBECM alone. There was no significant effect of beta-mercaptoethanol (ME; 10 microM) in OCN. In the 5% CO2 atmosphere, embryo development was significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced after addition of FBS + CGC + ME. In experiment 2, in OCN, FBS added at 60 h post-insemination was effective in stimulating blastocyst formation, but changes in medium volume per oocyte from 13.6 to 1.36 microliters had only a marginal effect. In conclusion, OCN gas mixture provides a suitable atmosphere for early embryo growth in vitro and mBECM + FBS in the optimal culture medium under this atmosphere.  (+info)

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to East Air. East Air Official Site (in Russian) (Use dmy dates from January 2020, Commons ... In October 2014 the Tajikistan General Authority of Civil Aviation revoked East Air's Air Operator's Certificate (AOC) and the ... "East Air". ch-aviation. Retrieved 29 March 2015. "Расписание рейсов". East Air. Archived from the original on 29 July 2013. ... East Air was a privately owned airline based in Qurghonteppa, Tajikistan. The airline operated regular flights from ...
... ceased operations in March 2007. Adria Wings has been established by former Air Adriatic employees and was ... the average age of the Air Adriatic fleet is 21.6 years ([1]). Flight International 27 March 2007 "Air Adriatic". CH-Aviation. ... retrieved 13-12-2014 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Air Adriatic. Descriptif compagnie Air Adriatic Portals: Croatia ... Air Adriatic was a charter airline based in Rijeka, Croatia and was the first private Croatian airline. It operated charter ...
In July 2000, Air Martinique was merged with Air Guadeloupe, Air St Barthélémy and Air St Martin to form Air Caraïbes. FDF - ... The official operating name from the early 1980s was Societé Nouvelle Air Martinique (S.N.A.M.). In 1982, Air Martinique was ... Air Martinique (IATA: NN, ICAO: MTQ, Call sign: Martinique) was an airline based in the island of Martinique in the Lesser ... By 1995, the air carrier was continuing to operate regional services in the Caribbean (using the two letter "PN" IATA airline ...
Ellis Simpson reviewed Tac-Air for Games International magazine, and gave it 3 1/2 stars out of 5, and stated that "Tac-Air may ... Tac Air is a board wargame published by Avalon Hill in 1987 that is based on a wargame originally developed for the US Navy. ... Created during the Cold War, Tac Air is a two-player wargame that hypothesizes that the Cold War has gone hot and Warsaw Pact ... The game was retitled Tac Air, revised, and adapted for commercial release by former USAF pilot Gary C. "Mo" Morgan, with rules ...
... code data at planespotters.net rzjets.net "List of Air Carriers licensed by the Luftfahrt-Bundesamt (current Operating ... As of 29 October 2018, Bin Air's air operator's certificate has been revoked by the Luftfahrtbundesamt forcing the airline to ... "Accident: Bin Air are rubbish according to Dublin crash witnesses". Simon Hradecky. Media related to BinAir at Wikimedia ... As of May 2022, the BinAir Fleet consists of the following aircraft: On 19 January 2010, a Bin Air Swearingen SA-227-DC Metro ...
... was an airline based in Prestwick, Scotland. It was a short-lived airline operating services from Prestwick to ... The Air Caledonian fleet consisted of 1 Embraer EMB-110P1 Bandeirante aircraft. List of defunct airlines of the United Kingdom ... "Air Caledonian". Archived from the original on 19 April 2008. Retrieved 17 April 2008. Portals: United Kingdom Companies ...
... may refer to: Air Control (video game), a 2014 video game Air traffic control, a service for directing aircraft ... a system for directing military aircraft from the air Forward air control, a system for directing military aircraft on the ... traffic, mainly civilian Air supremacy, the military concept of controlling an area through airpower Airborne early warning and ... directing military aircraft from a central ground base This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Air ...
... (2019). "Silverstone Air: Contact Information". Nairobi: Silverstone Air. Retrieved 3 June 2019. Google (3 June ... Silverstone Air Services Limited, trading as Silverstone Air, was a privately owned airline in Kenya, licensed by the Kenya ... Silverstone Air. "Our Latest Flight Deals". Nairobi: Silverstone Air. Retrieved 3 June 2019. Daily S&EA Tourism Update (13 ... As of September 2019, Silverstone Air operated the following aircraft: In September 2020, a Silverstone Air Fokker 50 cargo ...
The Eram Air fleet consisted of the following aircraft as of June 2012: ch-aviation Media related to Eram Air at Wikimedia ... Eram Air (Persian: ارم ایر) was an Iranian charter airline based in Tabriz, Iran. It was founded in December 2005 by Mohammad ... Shafiei announced in 2014 that he has plans to restart Eram air soon, but never released more info.[citation needed] As of 2012 ... Eram Air offered the following International and domestic destinations.[citation needed] ...
... (ICAO Code: SHK; IATA Code: 7Q; Callsign: SHOROUK) was an Egyptian charter airline that operated between 1992 and ... "Egyptian-Kuwait Air Services Company". ATDB-aero. Retrieved 24 February 2022. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shorouk ... The airline was established in 1991 by Egyptair and Kuwait Airways as a regional charter carrier named Egyptian-Kuwait Air ... The airline operated: 8 Airbus A320 2 Boeing 757-200 2 Boeing 757-200PF "Egyptian-Kuwait Air Services Company". ATDB-aero. ...
"Phuket Air angles for new name, license, The Nation. Air Andaman Air Andaman fleet history at Thai-Aviation.net (Defunct ... Air Andaman was an airline based in Bangkok, Thailand. It was a regional carrier operating a small network of domestic and ... Air Andaman's services included a domestic route between Bangkok and Phuket and flights to Singapore. In 2003-04 it had an ... The Air Andaman fleet consisted of the following aircraft (at 2003-04): 3 Fokker 50 based in Bangkok 2 BAe Jetstream 31 based ...
"July 1980 Air Bahia timetable". timetableimages.com. p. 2. Retrieved January 21, 2019. "Air Bahia Airlines". departedwings.com ... Air Bahia was an airline with flights to Mexico which also served Las Vegas and Tucson during its existence. The short-lived ... In July 1980, Air Bahia was operating high frequency shuttle service between San Diego Lindbergh Field and Los Angeles (LAX) ... In December 1980, Air Bahia filed for bankruptcy and all flights ceased. Reorganization under Chapter 11 failed, and the ...
... may refer to one of the following regional airlines: Harbour Air Seaplanes, from British Columbia, Canada (founded ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Harbor Air. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to ...
In February 2005 Air Next was headquartered in Minato, Tokyo. Air Next aircraft carried ANA livery with the name "Air Next" in ... On October 1, 2010, Air Next, Air Central and Air Nippon Network were merged and rebranded as ANA Wings. The airline was ... "会社概要." Air Next. February 16, 2005. Retrieved on May 20, 2009. "Air Next fleet list at ch-aviation.ch. Retrieved 2009-12-30". ... Air Next Media related to Air Next at Wikimedia Commons Portals: Japan Companies Aviation (Articles needing additional ...
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... Fleet list Flight International, 12-18 April 2005 Payam Air Portals: Iran Companies Aviation v t e v t e (Airlines of ... Payam Air is a cargo airline based in Tehran, Iran. It operates cargo services for the Iranian postal, telecom and commercial ... The Payam Air fleet consists of the following aircraft (as of August 2021): At January 2005 the airline also operated: 2 ...
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  • Other potential sources of indoor air pollutants include cooking or combustion sources (e.g., kerosene, coal, wood, animal dung). (cdc.gov)
  • Some air pollutants are poisonous. (nih.gov)
  • Even though air pollution is usually a greater problem in cities, pollutants contaminate air everywhere. (cdc.gov)
  • Many pollutants are given off into the air as a result of human behavior. (cdc.gov)
  • A different mix of vapors and gaseous air pollutants is found in outdoor and indoor environments. (cdc.gov)
  • One of the most-studied pollutants in summertime air is an invisible gas called ozone. (nih.gov)
  • As an assistant professor at the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill School of Nursing, she studies how air pollutants and psychological well-being (subjective well-being and mental health) affect heart disease risk among American Indian women in Robeson County. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, limited evidence shows that having positive mental health-"a positive psychological state"-can help reduce the inflammatory effects of air pollutants. (nih.gov)
  • With this background information and an interest in the environment, Dr. Brooks focused her project on studying whether air pollutants increase inflammatory responses involved in heart disease and whether a positive perspective could potentially counteract the inflammatory response in American Indian women. (nih.gov)
  • In addition, the research team will assess the women's exposure to air pollutants. (nih.gov)
  • The goal is to detect any links among these variables-for example, the team might find blood test results showing higher inflammation in women who inhale a lot of air pollutants and are under a lot of stress. (nih.gov)
  • Dr. Brooks has a mentoring team from multiple disciplines that gives her guidance on measuring and analyzing air pollutants, psychosocial factors, and blood markers of inflammation. (nih.gov)
  • Such inefficient cooking fuels and technologies produce high levels of household air pollution with a range of harmful pollutants, including fine particulate matter that penetrates deeply into the lungs. (nih.gov)
  • Overall, in all 51 cities, particulate air pollution declined by an average of 6.5 micrograms per cubic meter. (nih.gov)
  • Studies by Gilliland and his colleagues have found that children living near busy roadways-surrounded by particulate air pollution-are more likely to develop asthma and other breathing disorders. (nih.gov)
  • Traffic-Related Air Pollution (TRAP), a mixture of gasses and particles, has most of the elements of human-made air pollution: ground-level ozone, various forms of carbon, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and fine particulate matter. (nih.gov)
  • Air pollution is a mixture of solid particles and gases in the air. (nih.gov)
  • Particulate matter is the general term used for a mixture of solid particles and liquid droplets found in the air. (cdc.gov)
  • Inhaled particles from air pollution accumulate in lung-associated lymph nodes and weaken immune defenses over time, according to an NHLBI-funded study published in Nature Medicine . (nih.gov)
  • The combination of high temperatures, few winds and breezes, pollution and airborne particles can brew up an unhealthful mixture in the air, just waiting to enter your lungs. (nih.gov)
  • In poorly ventilated dwellings, household air concentrations of small particles (PM2.5) can reach concentrations 100 times higher than acceptable levels. (nih.gov)
  • Ozone , a gas, is a major part of air pollution in cities. (nih.gov)
  • When ozone forms air pollution, it's also called smog. (nih.gov)
  • Get the report card for your state's air quality, including high ozone days, particle pollution and groups at risk. (nih.gov)
  • Ozone is produced only when you have sunlight and high temperatures or stagnant air, which is why ozone is generally not a problem in the winter," says Dr. Frank Gilliland, an expert in environmental health at the University of Southern California. (nih.gov)
  • Over 4 million people die prematurely from illness attributable to the household air pollution from cooking with solid fuels. (who.int)
  • More than 50% of premature deaths due to pneumonia among children under 5 are caused by the particulate matter (soot) inhaled from household air pollution. (who.int)
  • 3.8 million premature deaths annually from noncommunicable diseases including stroke, ischaemic heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer are attributed to exposure to household air pollution. (who.int)
  • In October 2012, the Center for Global Health Studies (CGHS) at Fogarty held the Household Air Pollution Research Training Institute for scientists from the U.S. and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) interested in developing research projects on the health effects of traditional and improved cookstoves. (nih.gov)
  • Household air pollution from these inefficient cookstoves and fuels has been associated with serious health risks, such as the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, child pneumonia, lung cancer and low birth-weight in infants. (nih.gov)
  • The purpose of this initiative is to assess the maximum health benefits that may result from reduced household air pollution through clean cooking intervention and, when applicable, intervention to reduce second hand cigarette smoke exposure to yield evidence against which other cooking interventions may be evaluated. (nih.gov)
  • According to the Global Burden of Disease 2010 data, household air pollution and tobacco smoking are the third and second leading risk factors, respectively, after high blood pressure, for Global Mortality and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) lost. (nih.gov)
  • Travelers should be mindful of, and limit exposures to, outdoor and indoor air pollution and carbon monoxide ( Table 4-02 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Secondhand smoke from smoking tobacco is a primary contributor to indoor air pollution. (cdc.gov)
  • Indoor air pollution is caused by cigarette smoking, the use of certain construction materials, cleaning products, and home furnishings. (cdc.gov)
  • Panasonic R32 Multi-Split Air Conditioning System offers a wide indoor unit cooling capacity range, enabling more flexibility to scale cooling operation according to different needs and preferences - from a standard cooling capacity unit for small rooms to an indoor unit with high cooling capacity to cool large spaces such as living rooms. (panasonic.com)
  • Usually indoor air quality problems only cause discomfort. (nih.gov)
  • Air pollution is contamination of the indoor or outdoor environment by any chemical, physical or biological agent that modifies the natural characteristics of the atmosphere. (who.int)
  • Outdoor and indoor air pollution cause respiratory and other diseases, which can be fatal. (who.int)
  • And if you're regularly exposed to high levels of unhealthy air, the health consequences can linger for months or even years. (nih.gov)
  • Project Summary/Abstract: Breathing unhealthy amounts of particulate matter (PM) in polluted air is unavoidable for many people. (nih.gov)
  • Travelers, particularly people with underlying cardiorespiratory disease, should investigate the air quality at their destination. (cdc.gov)
  • The AirNow website provides basic information about local air quality by using the Air Quality Index (AQI) ( Table 4-01 ). (cdc.gov)
  • 1. What role did the community members of Norwood, Massachusetts play in tracking the air quality of their community? (cdc.gov)
  • 2. What was CDC's response to air quality concerns in Norwood? (cdc.gov)
  • 3. What role do citizen scientists play in monitoring air quality? (cdc.gov)
  • After adjusted for income, education, smoking and other factors that affect longevity, the scientists found that improved air quality accounted for up to 15% of the overall increase in lifespan, or an average gain of 4.8 months of life. (nih.gov)
  • However, in cities like Pittsburgh and Buffalo, where fine-particle pollution dropped most dramatically-by about 14 micrograms per cubic meter-the improved air quality appeared to boost longevity by nearly 10 months. (nih.gov)
  • Even cities that started off with relatively clean air, like Albuquerque, gave residents a modest lift in lifespan when air quality improved slightly during the study period. (nih.gov)
  • We find that we're getting a substantial return on our investments in improving our air quality," says Pope. (nih.gov)
  • Two air quality questions were included in the physical activity questionnaire (prefix PAQ). (cdc.gov)
  • The first (PAQ685), asked "During the past 12 months, when you thought or were informed air quality was bad, did you do anything differently? (cdc.gov)
  • The "WHO Air quality guidelines" provide an assessment of health effects of air pollution and thresholds for health-harmful pollution levels. (who.int)
  • In 2014, 92% of the world population was living in places where the WHO air quality guidelines levels were not met. (who.int)
  • In many parts of the country, summer has the worst air quality of any season. (nih.gov)
  • When the forecast says it's a code red day for air quality, what does it mean for your health? (nih.gov)
  • Knowing more about air quality and air alerts will help you make smart decisions about spending time outside this summer. (nih.gov)
  • If the air quality is especially poor, it may take a few days for your body to recover. (nih.gov)
  • Residents of Robeson County in North Carolina have lower household incomes, poorer air quality, and worse health than average for the state. (nih.gov)
  • National air quality has improved since the 1990s, but many challenges remain in protecting public health and the environment from air quality problems. (cdc.gov)
  • Since the 1950s, air quality has been a major public health and environmental concern. (cdc.gov)
  • At a basic level, they let us know how clean or polluted the air is, help us track progress in reducing air pollution, and inform the public about air quality in their communities. (cdc.gov)
  • The Tracking Network hosts and uses data from some of these sources to help paint a more complete picture of air quality in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • CDC works closely with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA), and the National Weather Service to provide air quality data on the Tracking Network and to better understand how air pollution affects our health. (cdc.gov)
  • In some areas, the modeled data underestimates or overestimates the air pollutant concentration levels when compared to the Air Quality System (AQS) monitoring data. (cdc.gov)
  • The most commonly recognized type of air pollution is smog. (cdc.gov)
  • The forecasts included in this indicator can help decision-makers and other stakeholders anticipate harmful air pollution exposures several days in advance. (cdc.gov)
  • In 1996 The Polish Air and Air Defence Forces traded its eleven PZL W-3 helicopters for ten Czech MiG-29s. (globalsecurity.org)
  • De sistnevnte ble markedsført som Super King Air frem til «Super» ble droppet i 1996. (wikipedia.org)
  • Browse the top-ranked list of lightweight air conditioners below along with associated reviews and opinions. (bestbuy.com)
  • I thoroughly researched the available portable air conditioners . (bestbuy.com)
  • Panasonic air conditioners are equipped with environmentally friendly R32 refrigerant. (panasonic.com)
  • Broil in the air fryer until sugar mixture is bubbling, 6 to 7 minutes. (allrecipes.com)
  • Acid rain forms when moisture in the air interacts with nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide released by factories, power plants, and motor vehicles that burn coal or oil. (cdc.gov)
  • To calculate these data, CDC is using EPA's BenMAP with modeled air data for fine particulates, death data from CDC's National Center for Health Statistics , population data from the U.S. Census Bureau , and information from scientific literature about the relationship between change in air pollution and how that influences health effects. (cdc.gov)
  • One environmental factor linked to neurological dysfunction across all age groups is exposure to fine air borne particulate matter (PM2.5). (nih.gov)
  • As a result, air passages narrow, which makes it harder to breathe. (nih.gov)
  • In addition to supporting ongoing efforts to control air pollution, these findings underscore the importance of additional research to better understand the lung effects of inhaled particulates and the interactions between air pollution and chronic lung diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Vehicle emissions, fuel oils and natural gas to heat homes, by-products of manufacturing and power generation, particularly coal-fueled power plants, and fumes from chemical production are the primary sources of human-made air pollution. (nih.gov)
  • Conversely, those with preexisting heart and lung disease, children, and older adults have an increased risk for adverse health effects from even short-term exposure to air pollution. (cdc.gov)
  • People with heart or lung disease, older adults and children are at greater risk from air pollution. (nih.gov)
  • Several studies over the past 40 years have linked increased air pollution to shorter lifespans and higher risks for cardiovascular and lung disease. (nih.gov)
  • A collapsed lung occurs when air escapes from the lung. (nih.gov)
  • The air then fills the space outside of the lung between the lung and chest wall. (nih.gov)
  • This is an interesting study that suggests air pollution may contribute to why older people become more susceptible to respiratory infections," said James P. Kiley, Ph.D., director of the NHLBI's Division of Lung Diseases. (nih.gov)
  • By reducing air pollution levels, countries can reduce the burden of disease from stroke, heart disease, lung cancer, and both chronic and acute respiratory diseases, including asthma. (who.int)
  • Air pollution is a mix of hazardous substances from both human-made and natural sources. (nih.gov)
  • Administration of Medical Air may be hazardous or contraindicated. (nih.gov)
  • Scientists already had ample evidence of the harmful health effects of air pollution. (nih.gov)
  • The new research provides strong support for an opposite, positive effect when air pollution levels drop. (nih.gov)
  • In the January 22, 2009, issue of the New England Journal of Medicine, the scientists reported that fine-particle air pollution levels dropped in all 51 metropolitan areas during the 20-year study period, and life expectancy rose on average by nearly 3 years. (nih.gov)
  • 80 countries around the world, and the World Health Organization posts historical data on outdoor air pollution in urban areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Air, like other gases, does not have a fixed shape. (cdc.gov)
  • Air pollution in the United States poses a public health threat affecting potentially millions of people throughout the country. (cdc.gov)
  • Not only are we getting cleaner air that improves our environment, but it is improving our public health. (nih.gov)
  • One new response category (PAQ690k) was created for responses that mentioned using or changing an air filter or air cleaner. (cdc.gov)
  • Policies and investments supporting cleaner transport, energy-efficient housing, power generation, industry and better municipal waste management would reduce key sources of urban outdoor air pollution. (who.int)
  • This is exactly the sort of case where airing and logically refuting a bigoted view is better than making it so that it's an unspoken thing that many people persist in thinking privately. (theatlantic.com)
  • When people hear it'll be a bad air day, most expect their breathing will be affected that day. (nih.gov)
  • Positive feedback from SETI's scientists about the AIR program was also enormously encouraging. (seti.org)
  • The SETI AIR Advisory Committee members are contemporary art curators, SETI Institute scientists, and individuals who have a broad awareness of current trends and developments in the contemporary artistic territory where science, technology, and art intersect. (seti.org)
  • Lindsay invited MassMoCA curator Denise Markonish to lead the initial SETI AIR advisory committee, and the experiments began with the first invitations going to a select number of artists. (seti.org)
  • Respirators are specifically designed to remove contaminants from the air or to provide clean respirable air from another source. (cdc.gov)
  • The lower the levels of air pollution, the better the cardiovascular and respiratory health of the population will be, both long- and short-term. (who.int)
  • The launch of the SETI Institute's Artist-in-Residence (AIR) program is due to an encounter between multi-disciplinary artist Charles Lindsay and the then Chair of SETI Research Jill Tarter in May 2010. (seti.org)
  • After ten years of personal research, program development and the welcoming of 18 artists to SETI AIR, Lindsay transitioned to the position of SETI AIR Senior Advisor. (seti.org)
  • The research team will also be working to develop ways to engage the community while helping women understand relationships between air pollution and heart disease. (nih.gov)
  • After careful study, EPA and CDC found that air pollution modeled predictions are very similar to actual monitor data in areas where the two can be compared. (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, the best way to use modeled air data is in conjunction with actual monitoring data. (cdc.gov)
  • Data from EPA's National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment ( NATA ) are used to develop the air toxics indicators for the Tracking Network. (cdc.gov)
  • These aircraft still remain in service at the 1st Tactical Air Squadron in Minsk Mazowiecki. (globalsecurity.org)
  • Air combat forces utilized twenty-four MiG-21RU reconnaissance aircraft. (globalsecurity.org)
  • Air Combat Arena is an arcade-style flight combat game. (steampowered.com)
  • Prior to assuming his current position, Mr. Lombardi served as Special Assistant for the Invisible Combat Wounds Initiative, Office of the Under Secretary of the Air Force, Washington, D.C. (af.mil)
  • Replacement Macdon air filters are available for all models listed below. (knfilters.com)
  • Select a link below for performance air filters made to give your Macdon more power and torque. (knfilters.com)
  • These air filters come with a K&N million mile limited warranty. (knfilters.com)
  • K&N air filters for Macdon models last up to 50,000 miles before cleaning is required depending on your driving conditions. (knfilters.com)
  • We usually think of air pollution as being outdoors, but the air in your house or office could also be polluted. (nih.gov)
  • He and other NIH-supported researchers have been studying how substances in the air can affect health. (nih.gov)
  • Mr. Lombardi exercises the Under Secretary's Chief Management Officer responsibility for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of Air Force business operations. (af.mil)
  • As the outdoor unit releases hot air out to the environment during the cooling operation, placing multiple outdoor units in a narrow space may cause overheating and potentially damage or shorten the lifespan of the outdoor units. (panasonic.com)
  • The researchers identified 51 city regions where fine-particle air pollution had been measured for several years around the early 1980s and then again about 20 years later, around the early 2000s. (nih.gov)