Aids serodiagnosis. Medical search

Immunologic tests for identification of HIV (HTLV-III/LAV) antibodies. They include assays for HIV SEROPOSITIVITY and HIV SERONEGATIVITY that have been developed for screening persons carrying the viral antibody from patients with overt symptoms of AIDS or AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX.

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Serologic tests for syphilis.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to HELMINTH ANTIGENS.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

An infectious disease caused by a spirochete, BORRELIA BURGDORFERI, which is transmitted chiefly by Ixodes dammini (see IXODES) and pacificus ticks in the United States and Ixodes ricinis (see IXODES) in Europe. It is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. The disease was formerly known as Lyme arthritis and first discovered at Old Lyme, Connecticut.

Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Gram-negative helical bacteria, in the genus BORRELIA, that are the etiologic agents of LYME DISEASE. The group comprises many specific species including Borrelia afzelii, Borellia garinii, and BORRELIA BURGDORFERI proper. These spirochetes are generally transmitted by several species of ixodid ticks.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

A disease of horses and donkeys caused by Trypanosoma equiperdum. The disease occurs in Africa, the Americas, and Asia.

A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.

A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes visceral leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). Human infections are confined almost entirely to children. This parasite is commonly seen in dogs, other Canidae, and porcupines with humans considered only an accidental host. Transmission is by Phlebotomus sandflies.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

A contagious disease of horses that can be transmitted to humans. It is caused by BURKHOLDERIA MALLEI and characterized by ulceration of the respiratory mucosa and an eruption of nodules on the skin.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Infections with nematodes of the genus GNATHOSTOMA, superfamily THELAZIOIDEA. Gnathostomiasis is a food-borne zoonosis caused by eating undercooked or raw fish or meat.

Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.

Liver disease caused by infections with parasitic flukes of the genus FASCIOLA, such as FASCIOLA HEPATICA.

A species of trematode flukes of the family Opisthorchidae. Many authorities consider this genus belonging to Opisthorchis. It is common in China and other Asiatic countries. Snails and fish are the intermediate hosts.

The study of parasites and PARASITIC DISEASES.

Helminth infection of the lung caused by Echinococcus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis.

Infection of the biliary passages with CLONORCHIS SINENSIS, also called Opisthorchis sinensis. It may lead to inflammation of the biliary tract, proliferation of biliary epithelium, progressive portal fibrosis, and sometimes bile duct carcinoma. Extension to the liver may lead to fatty changes and cirrhosis. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.

Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.

A genus of trematode liver flukes of the family Fasciolidae. Two species of this genus are F. hepatica and F. gigantica. The parasites are found in the liver and gallbladder and associated ducts in mammals and occasionally man. F. gigantica occurs rarely in man.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

Antibodies, especially IGE, that bind to tissue of the same species so that ANTIGENS induce release of HISTAMINE and other vasoactive agents. HYPERSENSITIVITY is the clinical manifestation.

Infections of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges caused by parasites.

Species of tapeworm in the genus TAENIA, that infects swine. It is acquired by humans through the ingestion of cured or undercooked pork.

Single or multiple areas of PUS due to infection by any ameboid protozoa (AMEBIASIS). A common form is caused by the ingestion of ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA.

A genus of tick-borne protozoan parasites that infests the red blood cells of mammals, including humans. There are many recognized species, and the distribution is world-wide.

Passive agglutination tests in which antigen is adsorbed onto latex particles which then clump in the presence of antibody specific for the adsorbed antigen. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.

The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals.

A species of gram-negative bacteria parasitic on HORSES and DONKEYS causing GLANDERS, which can be transmitted to humans.

A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, helical bacteria, various species of which produce RELAPSING FEVER in humans and other animals.

A genus of protozoan parasites of the subclass COCCIDIA. Its species are parasitic in dogs, cattle, goats, and sheep, among others. N. caninum, a species that mainly infects dogs, is intracellular in neural and other cells of the body, multiplies by endodyogeny, has no parasitophorous vacuole, and has numerous rhoptries. It is known to cause lesions in many tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord as well as abortion in the expectant mother.

The larval form of various tapeworms of the genus Taenia.

A tick-borne disease characterized by FEVER; HEADACHE; myalgias; ANOREXIA; and occasionally RASH. It is caused by several bacterial species and can produce disease in DOGS; CATTLE; SHEEP; GOATS; HORSES; and humans. The primary species causing human disease are EHRLICHIA CHAFFEENSIS; ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; and Ehrlichia ewingii.

Infection with the protozoan parasite TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI, a form of TRYPANOSOMIASIS endemic in Central and South America. It is named after the Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas, who discovered the parasite. Infection by the parasite (positive serologic result only) is distinguished from the clinical manifestations that develop years later, such as destruction of PARASYMPATHETIC GANGLIA; CHAGAS CARDIOMYOPATHY; and dysfunction of the ESOPHAGUS or COLON.

Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man.

Narrow pieces of material impregnated or covered with a substance used to produce a chemical reaction. The strips are used in detecting, measuring, producing, etc., other substances. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

A disease of humans and animals that resembles GLANDERS. It is caused by BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI and may range from a dormant infection to a condition that causes multiple abscesses, pneumonia, and bacteremia.

The causative agent of venereal and non-venereal syphilis as well as yaws.

A species of helminth commonly called the sheep liver fluke. It occurs in the biliary passages, liver, and gallbladder during various stages of development. Snails and aquatic vegetation are the intermediate hosts. Occasionally seen in man, it is most common in sheep and cattle.

A systemic non-venereal infection of the tropics caused by TREPONEMA PALLIDUM subspecies pertenue.

A genus of aerobic, helical spirochetes, some species of which are pathogenic, others free-living or saprophytic.

A group of tick-borne diseases of mammals including ZOONOSES in humans. They are caused by protozoa of the genus BABESIA, which parasitize erythrocytes, producing hemolysis. In the U.S., the organism's natural host is mice and transmission is by the deer tick IXODES SCAPULARIS.

A species of gram-negative bacteria that is the causative agent of human EHRLICHIOSIS. This organism was first discovered at Fort Chaffee, Arkansas, when blood samples from suspected human ehrlichiosis patients were studied.

A genus of parasitic nematodes that occurs in mammals including man. Infection in humans is either by larvae penetrating the skin or by ingestion of uncooked fish.

Infection of animals, including fish and man, with a developmental stage of Diphyllobothrium. This stage has recently been referred to as a plerocercoid but the name sparganum has persisted. Therefore, infection of fish or other animals with the plerocercoid larvae is sparganosis. Fish-eating mammals, including man, are the final hosts.

A specific species of bacteria, part of the BORRELIA BURGDORFERI GROUP, whose common name is Lyme disease spirochete.

A genus of destructive root-parasitic OOMYCETES in the family Pythiaceae, order Peronosporales, commonly found in cultivated soils all over the world. Differentiation of zoospores takes place in a vesicle.

Proteins found in any species of protozoan.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which immunoprecipitation occurs when antigen at the cathode is caused to migrate in an electric field through a suitable medium of diffusion against a stream of antibody migrating from the anode as a result of endosmotic flow.

Infection of the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal structures with the larval forms of the genus TAENIA (primarily T. solium in humans). Lesions formed by the organism are referred to as cysticerci. The infection may be subacute or chronic, and the severity of symptoms depends on the severity of the host immune response and the location and number of lesions. SEIZURES represent the most common clinical manifestation although focal neurologic deficits may occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp46-50)

A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is an agent of PARATYPHOID FEVER in Asia, Africa, and southern Europe.

An infection caused by the infestation of the larval form of tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus. The liver, lungs, and kidney are the most common areas of infestation.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

The period of recovery following an illness.

A species of parasitic protozoa causing ENTAMOEBIASIS and amebic dysentery (DYSENTERY, AMEBIC). Characteristics include a single nucleus containing a small central karyosome and peripheral chromatin that is finely and regularly beaded.

A genus of lung flukes of the family Troglotrematidae infecting humans and animals. This genus consists of several species one of which is PARAGONIMUS WESTERMANI, a common lung fluke in humans.

Diseases of domestic and wild horses of the species Equus caballus.

A mitosporic fungal genus. P. brasiliensis (previously Blastomyces brasiliensis) is the etiologic agent of PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that causes BRUCELLOSIS. Its cells are nonmotile coccobacilli and are animal parasites and pathogens. The bacterium is transmissible to humans through contact with infected dairy products or tissue.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

A genus of large tapeworms.

A mycosis affecting the skin, mucous membranes, lymph nodes, and internal organs. It is caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. It is also called paracoccidioidal granuloma. Superficial resemblance of P. brasiliensis to Blastomyces brasiliensis (BLASTOMYCES) may cause misdiagnosis.

A genus of protozoa parasitic to birds and mammals. T. gondii is one of the most common infectious pathogenic animal parasites of man.

Infection with CYSTICERCUS, the larval form of the various tapeworms of the genus Taenia (usually T. solium in man). In humans they penetrate the intestinal wall and invade subcutaneous tissue, brain, eye, muscle, heart, liver, lung, and peritoneum. Brain involvement results in NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS.

The agent of South American trypanosomiasis or CHAGAS DISEASE. Its vertebrate hosts are man and various domestic and wild animals. Insects of several species are vectors.

Infection with amoebae of the genus ENTAMOEBA. Infection with E. histolytica causes DYSENTERY, AMEBIC and LIVER ABSCESS, AMEBIC.

An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

Positive test results in subjects who do not possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of healthy persons as diseased when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A genus of very small TAPEWORMS, in the family Taeniidae. The adult form is found in various CARNIVORA but not humans. The larval form is seen in humans under certain epidemiologic circumstances.

An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.

Syphilis serodiagnosis employing as the antigen Treponema pallidum obtained from rabbit syphilis orchitis. Treponemes are kept alive for a few hours in a special medium. When syphilitic serum and complement are added and incubated, the treponemes are immobilized, i.e., stop moving.

Protozoan infection found in animals and man. It is caused by several different genera of COCCIDIA.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Small, often pleomorphic, coccoid to ellipsoidal organisms occurring intracytoplasmically in circulating LYMPHOCYTES. They are the etiologic agents of tick-borne diseases of humans; DOGS; CATTLE; SHEEP; GOATS; and HORSES.

Autoantibodies directed against newly-formed EPITOPES created as the COMPLEMENT cascade is activated and the proteins involved change their conformations.

Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that causes MELIOIDOSIS. It has been isolated from soil and water in tropical regions, particularly Southeast Asia.

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.

A deep type of gyrate erythema that follows a bite by an ixodid tick; it is a stage-1 manifestation of LYME DISEASE. The site of the bite is characterized by a red papule that expands peripherally as a nonscaling, palpable band that clears centrally. This condition is often associated with systemic symptoms such as chills, fever, headache, malaise, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, backache, and stiff neck.

A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.

Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that produces TUBERCULOSIS in humans, other primates, CATTLE; DOGS; and some other animals which have contact with humans. Growth tends to be in serpentine, cordlike masses in which the bacilli show a parallel orientation.

A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes visceral leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). The sandfly genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia are the vectors.

Techniques used to carry out clinical investigative procedures in the diagnosis and therapy of disease.

A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is the etiologic agent of TYPHOID FEVER.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Infection with TREMATODA of the genus PARAGONIMUS.

An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

A species of hydatid tapeworm (class CESTODA) in the family Taeniidae, whose adult form infects the DIGESTIVE TRACT of DOGS, other canines, and CATS. The larval form infects SHEEP; PIGS; HORSES; and may infect humans, where it migrates to various organs and forms permanent HYDATID CYSTS.

A species of parasitic nematode found in the intestine of dogs. Lesions in the brain, liver, eye, kidney, and lung are caused by migrating larvae. In humans, these larvae do not follow normal patterns and may produce visceral larva migrans (LARVA MIGRANS, VISCERAL).

Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is associated with PLEURISY, inflammation of the PLEURA.

Infections with bacteria of the genus ACTINOBACILLUS.

Serologic tests in which a known quantity of antigen is added to the serum prior to the addition of a red cell suspension. Reaction result is expressed as the smallest amount of antigen which causes complete inhibition of hemagglutination.

Any compound containing one or more monosaccharide residues bound by a glycosidic linkage to a hydrophobic moiety such as an acylglycerol (see GLYCERIDES), a sphingoid, a ceramide (CERAMIDES) (N-acylsphingoid) or a prenyl phosphate. (From IUPAC's webpage)

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A genus of flagellate protozoa comprising several species that are pathogenic for humans. Organisms of this genus have an amastigote and a promastigote stage in their life cycles. As a result of enzymatic studies this single genus has been divided into two subgenera: Leishmania leishmania and Leishmania viannia. Species within the Leishmania leishmania subgenus include: L. aethiopica, L. arabica, L. donovani, L. enrietti, L. gerbilli, L. hertigi, L. infantum, L. major, L. mexicana, and L. tropica. The following species are those that compose the Leishmania viannia subgenus: L. braziliensis, L. guyanensis, L. lainsoni, L. naiffi, and L. shawi.

A parasite of carnivorous mammals that causes TRICHINELLOSIS. It is especially common in rats and in swine fed uncooked garbage. Human infection is initiated by the consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked pork or other meat containing the encysted larvae.

Emergency care or treatment given to a person who suddenly becomes ill or injured before full medical services become available.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Subunits of the antigenic determinant that are most easily recognized by the immune system and thus most influence the specificity of the induced antibody.

Serologic assay that detects antibodies to Treponema pallidum, the etiologic agent of syphilis. After diluting the patient's serum to remove non-specific antibodies, the serum is mixed on a glass slide with Nichol's strain of Treponema pallidum. An antigen-antibody reaction occurs if the test is positive and the bound antibodies are detected with fluoresceinated antihuman gamma-globulin antibody.

An acute infectious disease caused by ORIENTIA TSUTSUGAMUSHI. It is limited to eastern and southeastern Asia, India, northern Australia, and the adjacent islands. Characteristics include the formation of a primary cutaneous lesion at the site of the bite of an infected mite, fever lasting about two weeks, and a maculopapular rash.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.

A tick-borne septicemic disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by EHRLICHIA RUMINANTIUM.

Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

A species of gram-negative bacteria in the family ANAPLASMATACEAE, that causes HEARTWATER DISEASE in ruminants.

A severe form of LEPTOSPIROSIS, usually caused by LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS SEROVAR ICTEROHAEMORRHAGIAE and occasionally other serovars. It is transmitted to humans by the rat and is characterized by hemorrhagic and renal symptoms with accompanying JAUNDICE.

A disease caused by any of a number of species of protozoa in the genus LEISHMANIA. There are four major clinical types of this infection: cutaneous (Old and New World) (LEISHMANIASIS, CUTANEOUS), diffuse cutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS), mucocutaneous (LEISHMANIASIS, MUCOCUTANEOUS), and visceral (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL).

Proteins found in any species of helminth.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Viral proteins found in either the NUCLEOCAPSID or the viral core (VIRAL CORE PROTEINS).

Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A chronic granulomatous infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. The granulomatous lesions are manifested in the skin, the mucous membranes, and the peripheral nerves. Two polar or principal types are lepromatous and tuberculoid.

MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.

A protein with a molecular weight of 40,000 isolated from bacterial flagella. At appropriate pH and salt concentration, three flagellin monomers can spontaneously reaggregate to form structures which appear identical to intact flagella.

Diseases of domestic and mountain sheep of the genus Ovis.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Antigens on surfaces of cells, including infectious or foreign cells or viruses. They are usually protein-containing groups on cell membranes or walls and may be isolated.

A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that causes LEPROSY in man. Its organisms are generally arranged in clumps, rounded masses, or in groups of bacilli side by side.

A method for the detection of very small quantities of antibody in which the antigen-antibody-complement complex adheres to indicator cells, usually primate erythrocytes or nonprimate blood platelets. The reaction is dependent on the number of bound C3 molecules on the C3b receptor sites of the indicator cell.

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A genus of question mark-shaped bacteria spirochetes which is found in fresh water that is contaminated by animal urine. It causes LEPTOSPIROSIS.

Infection with a fungus of the genus COCCIDIOIDES, endemic to the SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES. It is sometimes called valley fever but should not be confused with RIFT VALLEY FEVER. Infection is caused by inhalation of airborne, fungal particles known as arthroconidia, a form of FUNGAL SPORES. A primary form is an acute, benign, self-limited respiratory infection. A secondary form is a virulent, severe, chronic, progressive granulomatous disease with systemic involvement. It can be detected by use of COCCIDIOIDIN.

A whiplike motility appendage present on the surface cells. Prokaryote flagella are composed of a protein called FLAGELLIN. Bacteria can have a single flagellum, a tuft at one pole, or multiple flagella covering the entire surface. In eukaryotes, flagella are threadlike protoplasmic extensions used to propel flagellates and sperm. Flagella have the same basic structure as CILIA but are longer in proportion to the cell bearing them and present in much smaller numbers. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of protozoa.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.

A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.

A species of imperfect fungi from which the antibiotic fumigatin is obtained. Its spores may cause respiratory infection in birds and mammals.

The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Incorrect diagnoses after clinical examination or technical diagnostic procedures.

Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.

Ligand-binding assays that measure protein-protein, protein-small molecule, or protein-nucleic acid interactions using a very large set of capturing molecules, i.e., those attached separately on a solid support, to measure the presence or interaction of target molecules in the sample.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Methods used for studying the interactions of antibodies with specific regions of protein antigens. Important applications of epitope mapping are found within the area of immunochemistry.

Any of numerous agile, hollow-horned RUMINANTS of the genus Capra, in the family Bovidae, closely related to the SHEEP.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

Lipid-protein complexes involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in the body. They are spherical particles consisting of a hydrophobic core of TRIGLYCERIDES and CHOLESTEROL ESTERS surrounded by a layer of hydrophilic free CHOLESTEROL; PHOSPHOLIPIDS; and APOLIPOPROTEINS. Lipoproteins are classified by their varying buoyant density and sizes.

Auditory and visual instructional materials.

Infections with organisms of the genus HELICOBACTER, particularly, in humans, HELICOBACTER PYLORI. The clinical manifestations are focused in the stomach, usually the gastric mucosa and antrum, and the upper duodenum. This infection plays a major role in the pathogenesis of type B gastritis and peptic ulcer disease.

The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The bovine variety of the tubercle bacillus. It is called also Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis.

Family of INSECT VIRUSES containing two subfamilies: Eubaculovirinae (occluded baculoviruses) and Nudibaculovirinae (nonoccluded baculoviruses). The Eubaculovirinae, which contain polyhedron-shaped inclusion bodies, have two genera: NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS and GRANULOVIRUS. Baculovirus vectors are used for expression of foreign genes in insects.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Human immunodeficiency virus antibody testing by enzyme-linked fluorescent and western blot assays using serum, gingival-crevicular transudate, and urine samples. (1/692)

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible utilization of saliva and urine as alternative samples to serum for the diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. A total of 302 individuals participated in the study: 187 HIV-infected individuals (106 had Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] stage II infection, 19 had CDC stage III infection, and 62 had CDC stage IV infection) and 115 noninfected persons (46 of the noninfected persons were blood donors and 69 belonged to a group at high risk of HIV infection). Paired saliva and urine samples were taken from each of the participants in the study. The presence of HIV-specific antibodies was detected by an enzyme-linked fluorescent assay (ELFA), and the result was confirmed by Western blot analysis (WB). The ELFA with saliva gave maximum sensitivity and specificity values, while ELFA had lower sensitivity (95.2%) and specificity (97. 4%) values for detection of HIV antibody in urine samples. WB with all saliva samples fulfilled the World Health Organization criterion for positivity, while only 96.8% of the urine samples were confirmed to be positive by WB. Among the four reactivity patterns found by WB of these alternative samples, the most frequent included bands against three groups of HIV structural proteins (was ENV, POL, and GAG). The reactivity bands most frequently observed were those for the proteins gp160 and gp120. The least common reactivity band was the band for protein p17. The detection of HIV antibodies in saliva samples by means of ELFA with the possibility of later confirmation by WB makes saliva an alternative to serum for possible use in the diagnosis of infection. In contrast, HIV antibody detection in urine samples by the same methodology (ELFA) could be taken into consideration for use in epidemiological studies. (+info)

Prenatal discussion of HIV testing and maternal HIV testing--14 states, 1996-1997. (2/692)

In July 1995, the Public Health Service recommended that health-care providers counsel all pregnant women about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention and encourage testing for HIV infection and, if indicated, initiate zidovudine therapy. To evaluate compliance with these recommendations, CDC analyzed population-based data on HIV counseling and testing during 1996-1997 from 14 states participating in the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS). This report presents an analysis of survey data collected from 1996 through 1997; results indicate that HIV counseling and testing of pregnant women were common but varied by state, type of prenatal health-care provider, Medicaid status, and maternal demographic characteristics. (+info)

Universal HIV screening of pregnant women in England: cost effectiveness analysis. (3/692)

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the cost effectiveness of universal, voluntary HIV screening of pregnant women in England. DESIGN: Cost effectiveness analysis. Cost estimates of caring for HIV positive children were based on the stage of HIV infection and calculated using data obtained from a London hospital between 1986 and 1996. These were combined with estimates of the health benefits and costs of antenatal screening so that the cost effectiveness of universal, voluntary antenatal screening for HIV infection in England could be estimated. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Lifetime, direct costs of medical care of childhood HIV infection; life years gained as a result of the screening programme; net cost per life year gained for different pretest counselling costs; and different prevalence rates of pregnant women who were unaware that they were HIV positive. RESULTS: Estimated direct lifetime medical and social care costs of childhood HIV infection were pound178 300 using a 5% discount rate for time preference (1995-6 prices). In high prevalence areas screening pregnant women for HIV is estimated to be a cost effective intervention with a net cost of less than pound4000 for each life year gained. For areas with comparatively low prevalence rates, cost effectiveness could be less than pound20 000 per life year gained, depending on the number of pregnant women who are unaware that they are infected and local screening costs. CONCLUSIONS: Our results confirm recent recommendations that universal, voluntary antenatal HIV screening should be implemented in the London area. Serious consideration of the policy should be given for other areas in England depending on local prevalence and screening costs. (+info)

Name-based reporting of HIV-positive test results as a deterrent to testing. (4/692)

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated attitudes toward name-based reporting of HIV. METHODS: One hundred thirty high-risk, male repeat testers received information on the public health benefits of name-based reporting and reported their intentions to test. RESULTS: Of the 67 men who were randomly selected and asked their intentions before hearing the benefits, 63% said they would not test if reporting were required. After hearing the benefits, 19% changed their minds (P < .014). Of the 63 men who were asked only after hearing the benefits, 44% would not test. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing name-based reporting without working before-hand to change attitudes could undermine the benefits of both testing and HIV surveillance. (+info)

Anonymous or confidential HIV counseling and voluntary testing in federally funded testing sites--United States, 1995-1997. (5/692)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and voluntary testing (CT) programs have been an important part of national HIV prevention efforts since the first HIV antibody tests became available in 1985. In 1995, these programs accounted for approximately 15% of annual HIV antibody testing in the United States, excluding testing for blood donation. CT opportunities are offered to persons at risk for HIV infection at approximately 11,000 sites, including dedicated HIV CT sites, sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, drug-treatment centers, hospitals, and prisons. In 39 states, testing can be obtained anonymously, where persons do not have to give their name to get tested. All states provide confidential testing (by name) and have confidentiality laws and regulations to protect this information. This report compares patterns of anonymous and confidential testing in all federally funded CT programs from 1995 through 1997 and documents the importance of both types of testing opportunities. (+info)

Effects of HIV counseling and testing on sexual risk behavior: a meta-analytic review of published research, 1985-1997. (6/692)

OBJECTIVES: This study examined whether HIV counseling and testing leads to reductions in sexual risk behavior. METHODS: The meta-analysis included 27 published studies that provided sexual behavior outcome data, assessed behavior before and after counseling and testing, and provided details sufficient for the calculation of effect sizes. The studies involved 19,597 participants. RESULTS: After counseling and testing, HIV-positive participants and HIV-serodiscordant couples reduced unprotected intercourse and increased condom use more than HIV-negative and untested participants. HIV-negative participants did not modify their behavior more than untested participants. Participants' age, volition for testing, and injection drug use treatment status, as well as the sample seroprevalence and length of the follow-up, explained the variance in results. CONCLUSIONS: HIV counseling and testing appears to provide an effective means of secondary prevention for HIV-positive individuals but, as conducted in the reviewed studies, is not an effective primary prevention strategy for uninfected participants. Theory-driven research with attention given to the context of testing is needed to further explicate the determinants of behavior change resulting from HIV counseling and testing, and the effectiveness of specific counseling approaches. (+info)

Field evaluation of the Determine rapid human immunodeficiency virus diagnostic test in Honduras and the Dominican Republic. (7/692)

Rapid detection of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection can result in improved patient care and/or faster implementation of public health preventive measures. A new rapid test, Determine (Abbott, Abbott Park, Ill.), detects HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 antibodies within 15 min by using 50 microl of serum or plasma. No specialized equipment or ancillary supplies are required, and results are read visually. A positive result is noted by the appearance of a red line. An operational control (red line) indicates proper test performance. We evaluated the Determine rapid HIV detection test with a group of well-characterized serum samples (CD4 counts and viral loads were known) and serum samples from HIV-positive individuals at field sites in Honduras and the Dominican Republic. In the field evaluations, the results obtained by the Determine assay were compared to those obtained by local in-country HIV screening procedures. We evaluated serum from 100 HIV-positive patients and 66 HIV-negative patients. All samples gave the expected results. In a companion study, 42 HIV-positive samples from a Miami, Fla., serum bank were tested by the Determine assay. The samples had been characterized in terms of CD4 counts and viral loads. Fifteen patients had CD4 counts <200 cells/mm(3), while 27 patients had CD4 counts >200 cells/mm(3). Viral loads ranged from 630 to 873,746 log(10) copies/ml. All samples from the Miami serum bank were positive by the Determine test. Combined results from the multicenter studies indicated that the correct results were obtained by the Determine assay for 100% (142 of 142) of the HIV-positive serum samples and 100% (66 of 66) of the HIV-negative serum samples. The Determine test was simple to perform and the results were easy to interpret. The Determine test provides a valuable new method for the rapid identification of HIV-positive individuals, especially in developing countries with limited laboratory infrastructures. (+info)

Serological diagnosis of human immuno-deficiency virus in Burkina Faso: reliable, practical strategies using less expensive commercial test kits. (8/692)

Reported are the results of a cross-sectional survey in Burkina Faso to identify reliable, practical strategies for the serological diagnosis of HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infections, using less-expensive commercial test kits in various combinations, as an alternative to the conventional Western blot (WB) test, which costs US$ 60. Serum samples, collected from blood donors, patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and pregnant women, were tested between December 1995 and January 1997. Twelve commercial test kits were available: five Mixt enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), three Mixt rapid tests, and four additional tests including monospecific HIV-1 and HIV-2 ELISA. The reference strategy utilized a combination of one ELISA or one rapid test with WB, and was conducted following WHO criteria. A total of 768 serum samples were tested; 35 were indeterminate and excluded from the analysis. Seroprevalence of HIV in the remaining 733 sera was found to be 37.5% (95% confidence interval: 34.0-41.1). All the ELISA tests showed 100% sensitivity, but their specificities ranged from 81.4% to 100%. GLA (Genelavia Mixt) had the highest positive delta value, while ICE HIV-1.0.2 (ICE) produced the most distinct negative results. Among the rapid tests, COM (CombAIDS-RS) achieved 100% sensitivity and SPO (HIV Spot) 100% specificity. Various combinations of commercial tests, according to recommended WHO strategies I, II, III, gave excellent results when ICE was included in the sequence. The best combination of tests for strategy II, which achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity, was to use ICE and COM, the cost of which was US$ 2.10, compared with US$ 55.60 for the corresponding conventional strategy. For strategy III, the best combination, which achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity, was to use ICE, ZYG (Enzygnost Anti HIV-1/HIV-2 Plus) and COM, the cost of which was US$ 2.90 (19.2 times lower than the corresponding strategy requiring WB). No rapid test combination showed 100% sensitivity and specificity. Our results indicate that the serodiagnosis of HIV in Burkina Faso is possible by using reliable, less-expensive strategies which do not require Western blot testing. Moreover, there is a choice of strategies for laboratories working with or without an ELISA chain. (+info)

... aids serodiagnosis MeSH E01.450.495.735.150 - complement fixation tests MeSH E01.450.495.735.155 - complement hemolytic ... syphilis serodiagnosis MeSH E01.450.495.735.850.200 - fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test MeSH E01.450.495.735. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(E01)

Kramer MR, Gregg PA, Goldstein M, Llamas R, Krieger BP (October 1990). "Disseminated strongyloidiasis in AIDS and non-AIDS ... Carroll SM, Karthigasu KT, Grove DI (1981). "Serodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay". ... Gompels MM, Todd J, Peters BS, Main J, Pinching AJ (March 1991). "Disseminated strongyloidiasis in AIDS: uncommon but important ... ". AIDS. 5 (3): 329-32. doi:10.1097/00002030-199103000-00015. PMID 2059374. Purtilo DT, Meyers WM, Connor DH (April 1974). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strongyloidiasis

eds.). Principles of Diagnosis: Serodiagnosis. in: Baron's Medical Microbiology (4th ed.). Univ of Texas Medical Branch. ISBN ... aid agencies, and policy writers to direct public health resources to where they are needed most. A better understanding of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serology

May 1983). "Isolation of a T-lymphotropic retrovirus from a patient at risk for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)". ... Swack NS, Gahan TF, Hausler WJ (August 1992). "The present status of the complement fixation test in viral serodiagnosis". ... Journal of the International AIDS Society. 22 (9): e25337. doi:10.1002/jia2.25337. PMC 6742838. PMID 31515967. Shirima RR, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virology

... serodiagnosis and chemotherapy. Frank H. Krusen, originator of the field of physical medicine, establishing the first such ... and utilizes the William Maul Measey Institute for Clinical Simulation and Patient Safety to aid learning through interactive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temple_University_School_of_Medicine

Coleman RM, Kaufman L (February 1972). "Use of the immunodiffusion test in the serodiagnosis of aspergillosis". Applied ... chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or HIV/AIDS. In contrast to chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis, for example, IgG ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_pulmonary_aspergillosis

... 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/handle/10665/197910/browse?authority=AIDS+Serodiagnosis&type=mesh

Страны, руководители программ, медицинские работники и другие заинтересованные стороны указали на важность подготовки сводного руководства Всемирной организации здравоохранения (‎ВОЗ)‎, посвященного услугам тестирования на ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/107132/browse?authority=AIDS+Serodiagnosis&type=mesh

of HIV/AIDS , International HIV/AIDS Alliance.. Material type: Text; Format: print ; Literary form: Not fiction Publication ... by UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS/STI Surveillance , World Health Organization. Dept. of HIV/AIDS , Centers for ... UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS and STI Surveillance. by UNAIDS/WHO Working Group on Global HIV/AIDS/STI ... of HIV/AIDS , Centers for Disease Control (U.S.).. Material type: Text; Format: print Publication details: Geneva : World ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BAIDS%20Serodiagnosis%7D

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https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/197910/browse?rpp=20&etal=-1&sort_by=-1&type=mesh&starts_with_previous=G&starts_with=0&order=ASC

AIDS Serodiagnosis E5.478.594.760.60. Akathisia, Drug-Induced C10.228.662.37. C21.613.276.252. Alagille Syndrome C16.131. ... Syphilis Serodiagnosis E5.478.594.760.850. T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory A11.118.637.555.567.569.200.700. A15.145.229.637.555.567. ...

https://decs.bvs.br/P/mnchg2008.htm

This test will aid serodiagnosis, serosurveillance, and monitoring of Zika complications in dengue-endemic regions. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/24/7/17-1170_article

AIDS serodiagnosis, sexually transmitted diseases/infections, men who have sex with men (MSM), high risk, test, screen. ... 1Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, CDC. ... 2. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB, ... Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention; 2017. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/library/reports/surveillance/cdc-hiv-surveillance- ...

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6631a3.htm

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS Serodiagnosis, Epidemiology, 50230, AIDS Pediátrico, Sociedade e Saúde ...

https://bvsalud.org/en/direve/?filter=descriptor:Epidemiology+AND+descriptor:Aten%C3%A7%C3%A3o+%C3%A0+Sa%C3%BAde+AND+not_regional_event:False+AND+descriptor:Epidemiologia

... f Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infections ... Antigenemia and antibody titers to core and envelope antigens in AIDS, AIDS-related complex, and subclinical human ... As the HIV/AIDS epidemic continues, additional tests of higher specificity will be needed to decrease the number of false- ... AIDS: Etiology, Treatment, and Prevention, Second Edition. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott, 1988:121-6. *Fang C, Le P, Mallory D ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/m0001431/m0001431.asp

AIDS Dementia Complex MeSH AIDS Serodiagnosis MeSH HIV Seropositivity MeSH HIV Seroprevalence MeSH Lymphoma, AIDS-Related MeSH ... for lymphoma with AIDS, use LYMPHOMA, AIDS-RELATED. ... AIDS Related Complex [C01.221.250.875.080] AIDS Related Complex ... AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome Acquired Immuno-Deficiency Syndrome Acquired ... caused by HIV; coord IM with HIV-1 or HIV-2 (IM) if pertinent; /epidemiol: consider also HIV SEROPREVALENCE; AIDS-RELATED ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=29364&filter=ths_exact_term&q=AIDS

AIDS Serodiagnosis 4 * Alcohol Drinking 5 * Anniversaries and Special Events 17 * Anopheles 5 ... Center for Infectious Diseases (U.S.). Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Program. 1 ... Center for Infectious Diseases (U.S.). Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Program. (1) ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/cbrowse?pid=cdc%3A20712&parentId=cdc%3A20712

AIDS Serodiagnosis. en_US. dc.subject.mesh. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome --transmission. en_US. ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/118462?mode=full

AIDS Serodiagnosis Entry term(s). AIDS Serodiagnoses AIDS Serology HIV Serodiagnoses HIV Serodiagnosis HTLV III Serodiagnosis ... Serodiagnosis, AIDS Serodiagnosis, HIV Serodiagnosis, HTLV III Serodiagnosis, HTLV-III Serology, AIDS Serology, HTLV III ... Serodiagnosis, AIDS. Serodiagnosis, HIV. Serodiagnosis, HTLV III. Serodiagnosis, HTLV-III. Serology, AIDS. Serology, HTLV III. ... AIDS Serodiagnoses. AIDS Serology. HIV Serodiagnoses. HIV Serodiagnosis. HTLV III Serodiagnosis. HTLV III Serology. HTLV-III ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=23555

AIDS Serodiagnosis 5 * HIV 5 * Anti-HIV Agents 5 * Counseling 5 * Breast Feeding 3 ... Since 2007 the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) have recommended ...

https://sites.bvsalud.org/bigg/en/biblio/?filter=mj:HIV+Infections

https://decs2014.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2008.htm

https://decs2020.bvsalud.org/P/mnchg2008.htm

https://decs2013.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2008.htm

https://decs2015.bvsalud.org/P/mnchg2008.htm

https://decs2017.bvsalud.org/P/mnchg2008.htm

https://decs2008.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2008.htm

https://decs2012.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2008.htm

https://decs2011.bvsalud.org/I/mnchg2008.htm

https://decs2018.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2008.htm

https://decs2009.bvsalud.org/I/mnchg2008.htm

https://decs2019.bvsalud.org/P/mnchg2008.htm

https://decs2016.bvsalud.org/I/mnchg2008.htm

https://decs2010.bvsalud.org/E/mnchg2008.htm

AIDS Serodiagnosis, Adult, CD4 Antigens, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Disease Progression, Female, Genotype, ...

https://www.ndm.ox.ac.uk/publications/95347

The development of sensitive and specific tests for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) progressed rapidly after this retrovirus was identified as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (cdc.gov)
Methods: Newly diagnosed 78 patients with HIV/AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) in our outpatient department between April 2009 and September 2012 were included in the study as a retrospective cohort. (jsurgmed.com)
Other patients, often older persons or those with immune compromise states (such as patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [HIV/AIDS] or solid organ transplant recipients) may present with an acute, rapidly progressive, severe disease. (medscape.com)

They include assays for HIV SEROPOSITIVITY and HIV SERONEGATIVITY that have been developed for screening persons carrying the viral antibody from patients with overt symptoms of AIDS or AIDS-RELATED COMPLEX. (bvsalud.org)

Then, 29 of these patients diagnosed with syphilis, by combining the serodiagnosis and disease history (including clinical characteristics and/or the patient's sexual history) according to European CDCs guidelines [ 8 ], were assigned to the syphilis-positive schizophrenia (SCZ-S) group. (biomedcentral.com)

To identify PDCoV, we developed a nucleic acid detection assay combining reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) with a lateral flow dipstick (LFD) targeting the highly conserved genomic region in the ORF1b gene. (bvsalud.org)

RÉSUMÉ Dans cette étude en République islamique d'Iran, 365 cas de rougeole ont été évalués pour distinguer une primo-infection rougeoleuse de la réinfection due à l'échec de la vaccination secondaire. (who.int)
[ 26 ] Sporotrichosis in persons with AIDS can also manifest as multifocal tenosynovitis or arthritis resembling disseminated gonococcal infection or a seronegative spondyloarthropathy. (medscape.com)
https://clinicalinfo.hiv.gov/en/guidelines/adult-and-adolescent-opportunistic-infection/whats-new-guidelines (Access Date: April 26, 2020). (jsurgmed.com)
3 Pandemic of AIDS has virtually acted as trigger to rapid spread of penicilliosis marneffei as opportunistic infection or secondary infection. (medcraveonline.com)

Prosolit, one of the leading companies that are involved in the provision of diagnostic products and technologies for veterinary infectious disease testing, offers a technology called the "ELISA kit for serodiagnosis of Bovine Adenovirus3 ", which is a test designed for the diagnosis of this virus in the cattle. (knowledge-sourcing.com)

Did you know this figure is six times higher than HIV/AIDS, yet only about 10% of the Lyme cases are allowed diagnosis and treatment? (badlymeattitude.com)
Standard 2-tier and modified 2-tier algorithms for serodiagnosis of Lyme disease. (cdc.gov)

Patients with AIDS who develop disseminated sporotrichosis may present with cutaneous dissemination, which manifests as nodules, ulcers, or both, with or without evidence of visceral involvement and meningitis. (medscape.com)

Antibodies produced through B and T cell interactions either within or outside germinal centers are termed T cell-dependent (TD) whereas those produced without the aid of T cells are T cell-independent (TI). (madisonarealymesupportgroup.com)

HIV/AIDS Diagnosis Treatment Guide - 2019. (jsurgmed.com)
The better, advanced, and diverse varieties of veterinary infectious disease diagnostics with enhanced features can effectively aid in the proper and efficient diagnosis and detection of diseases. (knowledge-sourcing.com)

Reported by: Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratory Directors and AIDS Program, Center for Infectious Diseases, Public Health Practice Program Office, Centers for Disease Control* The Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratory Directors (ASTPHLD) and CDC have collaborated in preparing this report. (cdc.gov)
Estos elementos reflejan los criterios de SIDA definidos por los CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) en 1993. (bvsalud.org)

Pulmonary toxoplasmosis (pneumonitis) due to toxoplasmosis is increasingly recognized in patients with AIDS who are not receiving appropriate anti-HIV drugs or primary prophylaxis for toxoplasmosis. (medscape.com)
Pulmonary toxoplasmosis occurs mainly in patients with advanced AIDS (mean CD4 + count of 40 cells/µL ±75 standard deviation) and primarily manifests as a prolonged febrile illness with cough and dyspnea. (medscape.com)
AIDS patients, in the beginning, had the luxury of death. (badlymeattitude.com)
Summary Sera from patients with likely and possible Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) on the basis of clinical information and laboratory investigations were tested by immunoblotting to assess the usefulness of trophozoites in the serodiagnosis of PCP. (lookformedical.com)
It is also known as AIDS defining illness among patients who have either lived or visited endemic areas regardless of time period since exposure. (medcraveonline.com)

The story focuses on situations relating to AIDS, including facts about the AIDS virus, symptoms and transmission of AIDS, use of condoms, and AIDS screening. (nih.gov)

This increase is directly related to increasing patient populations at risk for the development of infections, which include the elderly, premature babies, solid-organ and bone marrow transplant recipients, individuals with AIDS, neoplastic disease and those receiving immunosuppressive therapies or cytotoxic drugs. (exeter.ac.uk)

The truth is that most Lymies are walking around with an AIDS-like disease, pretending with all their heart to be functional, while fully knowing that on the inside, everything is disintegrating into a puddle of useless sludge. (badlymeattitude.com)
They are barely hanging on, working to support a family, pay the mortgage, cover medical bills that are denied by insurance, put on a show of everything's-rainbows-and-unicorns, all while harboring this AIDS-like disease that is killing them from the top down, from the inside out. (badlymeattitude.com)

This test will aid serodiagnosis, serosurveillance, and monitoring of Zika complications in dengue-endemic regions. (cdc.gov)

Methods We analysed data from adolescents aged 15-18 years, who participated in Demographic and Health Surveys or AIDS Indicator Surveys between 2011 and 2016, in 15 sub-Saharan African countries. (bvsalud.org)

Brain involvement (ie, toxoplasmic encephalitis), with or without focal CNS lesions, is the most common manifestation of toxoplasmosis in individuals with AIDS. (medscape.com)
Central nervous system and meningeal involvement are more common in the AIDS era, but it remains rare. (medscape.com)

Results: Of the 78 HIV/AIDS cases, 68 (87.2%) were male. (jsurgmed.com)

[ 3 ] C jejuni infections also may produce serious bacteremic conditions in individuals with AIDS . (medscape.com)

Can gene therapy be harnessed to fight the AIDS virus? (cdc.gov)

This image represents the cover of the comic book 'AIDS news,' an AIDS education tool written in English. (nih.gov)

Since 2007 the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) have recommended voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) as an important strategy for the prevention of heterosexually acquired HIV in men in settings where the prevalence of heterosexually trans. (bvsalud.org)

This increase is directly related to increasing patient populations at risk for the development of infections, which include the elderly, premature babies, solid-organ and bone marrow transplant recipients, individuals with AIDS, neoplastic disease and those receiving immunosuppressive therapies or cytotoxic drugs. (exeter.ac.uk)

Since a single antigen is not effective for all endemic areas, newer antigens have been screened and evaluated for the serodiagnosis of VL. (biomedcentral.com)
In order to aid in the development of simple diagnostic approaches, identification and characterization of potential new antigens for immunodiagnostic purposes is desired. (edu.pe)
Many mycobacterial antigens have been evaluated for the serodiagnosis of TB and have been extensively examined elsewhere, although data in pediatric populations are very limited [21C24]. (chiflatironsofficial.com)

The acute phase is typically followed by an asymptomatic carrier, which progresses to clinical AIDS in about 50% of infected individuals within 10 years after seroconversion. (rapidtest.com)

http://worldcatlibraries.org/registry/gateway?version=1.0&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&atitle=The+Knowledge,+Attitudes+and+Concerns+of+Hospital+Staff+About+aids&title=Canadian+Journal+of+Public+Health.++&volume=82&issue=6&pages=409-412&date=1991&au=Gallop,+Ruth+M. (georgetown.edu)

QY 275 Syphilis serodiagnosis was canceled. (nih.gov)
A systematic study of 303 cases of syphilis with use of a graph for aid in comprehension. (nih.gov)

Estimates of the reduction in maternal-to-fetal transmission rates are taken from the AIDS [acquired immunodeficiency syndrome] Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Protocol 076. (nih.gov)
The development of sensitive and specific tests for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) progressed rapidly after this retrovirus was identified as the cause of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (cdc.gov)
The Human Immunodeficiency Viruses type 1 and type 2 are etiological agents of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (rapidtest.com)

AIDS Education & Prevention. (stacksdiscovery.com)

This test will aid serodiagnosis, serosurveillance, and monitoring of Zika complications in dengue-endemic regions. (medscape.com)
CDC researchers have identified and characterized discrete flavivirus cross-reactive epitopes useful for improving serodiagnosis and vaccination of flaviviruses, such as dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, West Nile virus and the tick-borne encephalitis viruses. (nih.gov)

In addition to, in VL/aids coinfected sufferers, decrease sensitivity was achieved in contrast with VL sufferers. (deepbloodbankequipments.com)

Patterns of Prescribing Antiretroviral Therapy Upon Discharge to Psychiatry Inpatients With HIV/AIDS at a Large Urban Hospital. (ucsf.edu)

HIV has been isolated from patients with AIDS, AIDS related complex (ARC) and from healthy individuals at high risk for (AIDS). (rapidtest.com)

Reported by: Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratory Directors and AIDS Program, Center for Infectious Diseases, Public Health Practice Program Office, Centers for Disease Control* The Association of State and Territorial Public Health Laboratory Directors (ASTPHLD) and CDC have collaborated in preparing this report. (cdc.gov)

This CDC-developed invention pertains to multivalent antigenic peptides (MAPs) that can be used in a variety of HIV/AIDS diagnostics. (nih.gov)

Geography Should Not Be Destiny: Focusing HIV/AIDS Implementation Research and Programs on Microepidemics in US Neighborhoods. (stacksdiscovery.com)

It is estimated that more than 300,000 people are infected each year, which is 7 times more prevalent than AIDS. (webs.com)

The long dying of Kimberly Bergalis tapped strong emotional currents in the life of Americans and the AIDS epidemic. (georgetown.edu)

Anatomy2

Organisms49

Diseases54

Chemicals and Drugs36

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment39

Phenomena and Processes8

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science4

Health Care7

Geographicals1

Human immunodeficiency virus antibody testing by enzyme-linked fluorescent and western blot assays using serum, gingival-crevicular transudate, and urine samples. (1/692)

Prenatal discussion of HIV testing and maternal HIV testing--14 states, 1996-1997. (2/692)

Universal HIV screening of pregnant women in England: cost effectiveness analysis. (3/692)

Name-based reporting of HIV-positive test results as a deterrent to testing. (4/692)

Anonymous or confidential HIV counseling and voluntary testing in federally funded testing sites--United States, 1995-1997. (5/692)

Effects of HIV counseling and testing on sexual risk behavior: a meta-analytic review of published research, 1985-1997. (6/692)

Field evaluation of the Determine rapid human immunodeficiency virus diagnostic test in Honduras and the Dominican Republic. (7/692)

Serological diagnosis of human immuno-deficiency virus in Burkina Faso: reliable, practical strategies using less expensive commercial test kits. (8/692)

AIDS Serodiagnosis

Serologic Tests

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Antibodies, Bacterial

Sensitivity and Specificity

Syphilis Serodiagnosis

Antibodies, Helminth

Antigens, Bacterial

Antigens, Helminth

Antigens, Protozoan

Immunoglobulin M

Antibodies, Protozoan

Immunoglobulin G

Lyme Disease

Agglutination Tests

Borrelia burgdorferi Group

Evaluation Studies as Topic

Complement Fixation Tests

Hemagglutination Tests

Dourine

Leishmaniasis, Visceral

Leishmania infantum

Cross Reactions

Glanders

Recombinant Proteins

Immunoblotting

Toxoplasmosis

Antibodies, Fungal

Antibodies, Viral

Gnathostomiasis

Dog Diseases

Fascioliasis

Clonorchis sinensis

Parasitology

Echinococcosis, Pulmonary

Clonorchiasis

Reagent Kits, Diagnostic

Leptospirosis

Fasciola

Antigens, Fungal

Reagins

Central Nervous System Parasitic Infections

Taenia solium

Liver Abscess, Amebic

Babesia

Latex Fixation Tests

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Veterinary Medicine

Burkholderia mallei

Borrelia

Neospora

Cysticercus

Ehrlichiosis

Chagas Disease

Toxocariasis

Reagent Strips

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Melioidosis

Treponema pallidum

Fasciola hepatica

Yaws

Leptospira

Babesiosis

Ehrlichia chaffeensis

Gnathostoma

Sparganosis

Borrelia burgdorferi

Pythium

Protozoan Proteins

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis

Neurocysticercosis

Salmonella paratyphi C

Echinococcosis

Immunoenzyme Techniques

Convalescence

Entamoeba histolytica

Paragonimus

Horse Diseases

Paracoccidioides

Brucella