Aids associated nephropathy. Medical search

KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.

Renal syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients characterized by nephrotic syndrome, severe proteinuria, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis with distinctive tubular and interstitial changes, enlarged kidneys, and peculiar tubuloreticular structures. The syndrome is distinct from heroin-associated nephropathy as well as other forms of kidney disease seen in HIV-infected patients.

A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.

Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.

The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue.

The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.

Highly differentiated epithelial cells of the visceral layer of BOWMAN CAPSULE of the KIDNEY. They are composed of a cell body with major CELL SURFACE EXTENSIONS and secondary fingerlike extensions called pedicels. They enwrap the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS capillaries with their cell surface extensions forming a filtration structure. The pedicels of neighboring podocytes interdigitate with each other leaving between them filtration slits that are bridged by an extracellular structure impermeable to large macromolecules called the slit diaphragm, and provide the last barrier to protein loss in the KIDNEY.

A subtype of DIABETES MELLITUS that is characterized by INSULIN deficiency. It is manifested by the sudden onset of severe HYPERGLYCEMIA, rapid progression to DIABETIC KETOACIDOSIS, and DEATH unless treated with insulin. The disease may occur at any age, but is most common in childhood or adolescence.

A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.

The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.

Smooth muscle-like cells adhering to the wall of the small blood vessels of the KIDNEY at the glomerulus and along the vascular pole of the glomerulus in the JUXTAGLOMERULAR APPARATUS. They are myofibroblasts with contractile and phagocytic properties. These cells and their MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX constitute the GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM.

Cell surface receptors that bind to and internalize SECRETED PHOSPHOLIPASES A2. Although primarily acting as scavenger receptors, these proteins may also play a role in intracellular signaling. Soluble forms of phospholipase A2 receptors occur through the action of proteases and may a play a role in the inhibition of extracellular phospholipase activity.

A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.

The thin membranous structure supporting the adjoining glomerular capillaries. It is composed of GLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS and their EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.

Infections with POLYOMAVIRUS, which are often cultured from the urine of kidney transplant patients. Excretion of BK VIRUS is associated with ureteral strictures and CYSTITIS, and that of JC VIRUS with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY, PROGRESSIVE MULTIFOCAL).

The volume of water filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time. It is considered to be equivalent to INULIN clearance.

Diabetes mellitus induced experimentally by administration of various diabetogenic agents or by PANCREATECTOMY.

Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.

Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

Represents 15-20% of the human serum immunoglobulins, mostly as the 4-chain polymer in humans or dimer in other mammals. Secretory IgA (IMMUNOGLOBULIN A, SECRETORY) is the main immunoglobulin in secretions.

Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.

A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.

Nitro-phenanthrenes occurring in ARISTOLOCHIACEAE and other plants. They derive from stephanine (APORPHINES) by oxidative ring cleavage. The nitro group is a reactive alkylator (ALKYLATING AGENTS) that binds to biological macromolecules. Ingestion by humans is associated with nephropathy (NEPHRITIS). There is no relationship to the similar named aristolochene (SESQUITERPENES).

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

A kidney disease with no or minimal histological glomerular changes on light microscopy and with no immune deposits. It is characterized by lipid accumulation in the epithelial cells of KIDNEY TUBULES and in the URINE. Patients usually show NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA with accompanying EDEMA.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.

The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.

Presence of blood in the urine.

A phenylacetamide that was formerly used in ANALGESICS but nephropathy and METHEMOGLOBINEMIA led to its withdrawal from the market. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology,1991, p431)

Laboratory tests used to evaluate how well the kidneys are working through examination of blood and urine.

Blockage in any part of the URETER causing obstruction of urine flow from the kidney to the URINARY BLADDER. The obstruction may be congenital, acquired, unilateral, bilateral, complete, partial, acute, or chronic. Depending on the degree and duration of the obstruction, clinical features vary greatly such as HYDRONEPHROSIS and obstructive nephropathy.

Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.

A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect mainly by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. They also modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and increase prostaglandin synthesis. They cause mainly vasodilation and mild natriuresis without affecting heart rate and contractility.

Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.

A non-fibrillar collagen found in the structure of BASEMENT MEMBRANE. Collagen type IV molecules assemble to form a sheet-like network which is involved in maintaining the structural integrity of basement membranes. The predominant form of the protein is comprised of two alpha1(IV) subunits and one alpha2(IV) subunit, however, at least six different alpha subunits can be incorporated into the heterotrimer.

Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.

A plant genus of the family ARISTOLOCHIACEAE. Species of this genus have been used in traditional medicine but they contain aristolochic acid which is associated with nephropathy. These are sometimes called 'snakeroot' but that name is also used with a number of other plants such as POLYGALA; SANICULA; ASARUM; ARISTOLOCHIA; AGERATINA; and others.

Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.

Products derived from the nonenzymatic reaction of GLUCOSE and PROTEINS in vivo that exhibit a yellow-brown pigmentation and an ability to participate in protein-protein cross-linking. These substances are involved in biological processes relating to protein turnover and it is believed that their excessive accumulation contributes to the chronic complications of DIABETES MELLITUS.

Triiodo-substituted derivatives of BENZOIC ACID.

A BLOOD PRESSURE regulating system of interacting components that include RENIN; ANGIOTENSINOGEN; ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME; ANGIOTENSIN I; ANGIOTENSIN II; and angiotensinase. Renin, an enzyme produced in the kidney, acts on angiotensinogen, an alpha-2 globulin produced by the liver, forming ANGIOTENSIN I. Angiotensin-converting enzyme, contained in the lung, acts on angiotensin I in the plasma converting it to ANGIOTENSIN II, an extremely powerful vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II causes contraction of the arteriolar and renal VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE, leading to retention of salt and water in the KIDNEY and increased arterial blood pressure. In addition, angiotensin II stimulates the release of ALDOSTERONE from the ADRENAL CORTEX, which in turn also increases salt and water retention in the kidney. Angiotensin-converting enzyme also breaks down BRADYKININ, a powerful vasodilator and component of the KALLIKREIN-KININ SYSTEM.

A subtype of transforming growth factor beta that is synthesized by a wide variety of cells. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta1 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor. Defects in the gene that encodes TGF-beta1 are the cause of CAMURATI-ENGELMANN SYNDROME.

A glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) - anchored membrane protein found on the thick ascending limb of the LOOP OF HENLE. The cleaved form of the protein is found abundantly in URINE.

Disease of the RETINA as a complication of DIABETES MELLITUS. It is characterized by the progressive microvascular complications, such as ANEURYSM, interretinal EDEMA, and intraocular PATHOLOGIC NEOVASCULARIZATION.

VASCULAR DISEASES that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS.

An antibiotic that is produced by Stretomyces achromogenes. It is used as an antineoplastic agent and to induce diabetes in experimental animals.

Serum proteins that have the most rapid migration during ELECTROPHORESIS. This subgroup of globulins is divided into faster and slower alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-globulins.

Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.

A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.

Emergency care or treatment given to a person who suddenly becomes ill or injured before full medical services become available.

Abrupt reduction in kidney function. Acute kidney injury encompasses the entire spectrum of the syndrome including acute kidney failure; ACUTE KIDNEY TUBULAR NECROSIS; and other less severe conditions.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Agents that antagonize ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR. Included are ANGIOTENSIN II analogs such as SARALASIN and biphenylimidazoles such as LOSARTAN. Some are used as ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A systemic non-thrombocytopenic purpura caused by HYPERSENSITIVITY VASCULITIS and deposition of IGA-containing IMMUNE COMPLEXES within the blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the kidney (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS). Clinical symptoms include URTICARIA; ERYTHEMA; ARTHRITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; and renal involvement. Most cases are seen in children after acute upper respiratory infections.

A complication of kidney diseases characterized by cell death involving KIDNEY PAPILLA in the KIDNEY MEDULLA. Damages to this area may hinder the kidney to concentrate urine resulting in POLYURIA. Sloughed off necrotic tissue may block KIDNEY PELVIS or URETER. Necrosis of multiple renal papillae can lead to KIDNEY FAILURE.

The layer of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX that lies between the ENDOTHELIUM of the glomerular capillaries and the PODOCYTES of the inner or visceral layer of the BOWMAN CAPSULE. It is the product of these two cell types. It acts as a physical barrier and an ion-selective filter.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN.

Surgical removal of a tonsil or tonsils. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A peptidyl-dipeptidase that catalyzes the release of a C-terminal dipeptide, -Xaa-*-Xbb-Xcc, when neither Xaa nor Xbb is Pro. It is a Cl(-)-dependent, zinc glycoprotein that is generally membrane-bound and active at neutral pH. It may also have endopeptidase activity on some substrates. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 3.4.15.1.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

The renal tubule portion that extends from the BOWMAN CAPSULE in the KIDNEY CORTEX into the KIDNEY MEDULLA. The proximal tubule consists of a convoluted proximal segment in the cortex, and a distal straight segment descending into the medulla where it forms the U-shaped LOOP OF HENLE.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Peripheral, autonomic, and cranial nerve disorders that are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS. These conditions usually result from diabetic microvascular injury involving small blood vessels that supply nerves (VASA NERVORUM). Relatively common conditions which may be associated with diabetic neuropathy include third nerve palsy (see OCULOMOTOR NERVE DISEASES); MONONEUROPATHY; mononeuropathy multiplex; diabetic amyotrophy; a painful POLYNEUROPATHY; autonomic neuropathy; and thoracoabdominal neuropathy. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1325)

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular HYPERTENSION regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Among the antihypertensive agents are DIURETICS; (especially DIURETICS, THIAZIDE); ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS; and VASODILATOR AGENTS.

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The outer zone of the KIDNEY, beneath the capsule, consisting of KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; KIDNEY TUBULES, DISTAL; and KIDNEY TUBULES, PROXIMAL.

Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.

Minor hemoglobin components of human erythrocytes designated A1a, A1b, and A1c. Hemoglobin A1c is most important since its sugar moiety is glucose covalently bound to the terminal amino acid of the beta chain. Since normal glycohemoglobin concentrations exclude marked blood glucose fluctuations over the preceding three to four weeks, the concentration of glycosylated hemoglobin A is a more reliable index of the blood sugar average over a long period of time.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

EXOPEPTIDASES that specifically act on dipeptides. EC 3.4.13.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Isocoumarins found in ASPERGILLUS OCHRACEUS and other FUNGI. Ochratoxin contaminated FOOD has been responsible for cases of FOODBORNE DISEASES.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Abnormally high BLOOD GLUCOSE level.

General increase in bulk of a part or organ due to CELL ENLARGEMENT and accumulation of FLUIDS AND SECRETIONS, not due to tumor formation, nor to an increase in the number of cells (HYPERPLASIA).

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

Glucose in blood.

A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

An effective non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiographic procedures. Its low systemic toxicity is the combined result of low chemotoxicity and low osmolality.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient.

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

An alpha-globulin of about 453 amino acids, depending on the species. It is produced by the liver and secreted into blood circulation. Angiotensinogen is the inactive precursor of natural angiotensins. Upon successive enzyme cleavages, angiotensinogen yields angiotensin I, II, and III with amino acids numbered at 10, 8, and 7, respectively.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Administration of high doses of pharmaceuticals over short periods of time.

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

Infections produced by oncogenic viruses. The infections caused by DNA viruses are less numerous but more diverse than those caused by the RNA oncogenic viruses.

Agents that antagonize ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTORS. Many drugs in this class specifically target the ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR.

A plant genus of the family LAMIACEAE that has a characteristic odor.

A syndrome of multiple abnormalities characterized by the absence or hypoplasia of the PATELLA and congenital nail dystrophy. It is a genetically determined autosomal dominant trait.

The N-acetyl derivative of CYSTEINE. It is used as a mucolytic agent to reduce the viscosity of mucous secretions. It has also been shown to have antiviral effects in patients with HIV due to inhibition of viral stimulation by reactive oxygen intermediates.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

An inbred strain of Long-Evans rats that develops hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and mild obesity, mostly in males, that resembles non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in humans. It was developed from outbred Long-Evans stock in 1983.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.

Retrograde flow of urine from the URINARY BLADDER into the URETER. This is often due to incompetence of the vesicoureteral valve leading to ascending bacterial infection into the KIDNEY.

Therapy for the insufficient cleansing of the BLOOD by the kidneys based on dialysis and including hemodialysis, PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, and HEMODIAFILTRATION.

Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.

A clear, homogenous, structureless, eosinophilic substance occurring in pathological degeneration of tissues.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the vessels of the KIDNEY.

An antibiotic substance derived from Penicillium stoloniferum, and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. Mycophenolic acid is important because of its selective effects on the immune system. It prevents the proliferation of T-cells, lymphocytes, and the formation of antibodies from B-cells. It also may inhibit recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory sites. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1301)

Transplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals.

A CCN protein family member that regulates a variety of extracellular functions including CELL ADHESION; CELL MIGRATION; and EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX synthesis. It is found in hypertrophic CHONDROCYTES where it may play a role in CHONDROGENESIS and endochondral ossification.

A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.

The urea concentration of the blood stated in terms of nitrogen content. Serum (plasma) urea nitrogen is approximately 12% higher than blood urea nitrogen concentration because of the greater protein content of red blood cells. Increases in blood or serum urea nitrogen are referred to as azotemia and may have prerenal, renal, or postrenal causes. (From Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

A product of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION cascade, regardless of the pathways, that forms transmembrane channels causing disruption of the target CELL MEMBRANE and cell lysis. It is formed by the sequential assembly of terminal complement components (COMPLEMENT C5B; COMPLEMENT C6; COMPLEMENT C7; COMPLEMENT C8; and COMPLEMENT C9) into the target membrane. The resultant C5b-8-poly-C9 is the "membrane attack complex" or MAC.

Auditory and visual instructional materials.

Excessive URIC ACID or urate in blood as defined by its solubility in plasma at 37 degrees C; greater than 0.42mmol per liter (7.0mg/dL) in men or 0.36mmol per liter (6.0mg/dL) in women. This condition is caused by overproduction of uric acid or impaired renal clearance. Hyperuricemia can be acquired, drug-induced or genetically determined (LESCH-NYHAN SYNDROME). It is associated with HYPERTENSION and GOUT.

A chemokine that is a chemoattractant for MONOCYTES and may also cause cellular activation of specific functions related to host defense. It is produced by LEUKOCYTES of both monocyte and lymphocyte lineage and by FIBROBLASTS during tissue injury. It has specificity for CCR2 RECEPTORS.

Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA.

Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A non-ionic, water-soluble contrast agent which is used in myelography, arthrography, nephroangiography, arteriography, and other radiological procedures.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

A major protein in the BLOOD. It is important in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting large organic molecules.

A group of inherited conditions characterized initially by HEMATURIA and slowly progressing to RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. The most common form is the Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis with HEARING LOSS) which is caused by mutations in genes for TYPE IV COLLAGEN and defective GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

Conjugated proteins in which mucopolysaccharides are combined with proteins. The mucopolysaccharide moiety is the predominant group with the protein making up only a small percentage of the total weight.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the oxidation of an aldose to an alditol. It possesses broad specificity for many aldoses. EC 1.1.1.21.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.

Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated HIV or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent or treat AIDS. Some vaccines containing antigens are recombinantly produced.

The 4-aminomethyl form of VITAMIN B 6. During transamination of amino acids, PYRIDOXAL PHOSPHATE is transiently converted into pyridoxamine phosphate.

Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)

Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).

Partial or complete blockage in any part of the URETHRA that can lead to difficulty or inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER. It is characterized by an enlarged, often damaged, bladder with frequent urges to void.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.

A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.

Group of diseases mediated by the deposition of large soluble complexes of antigen and antibody with resultant damage to tissue. Besides SERUM SICKNESS and the ARTHUS REACTION, evidence supports a pathogenic role for immune complexes in many other IMMUNE SYSTEM DISEASES including GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, systemic lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC) and POLYARTERITIS NODOSA.

A highly specific (Leu-Leu) endopeptidase that generates ANGIOTENSIN I from its precursor ANGIOTENSINOGEN, leading to a cascade of reactions which elevate BLOOD PRESSURE and increase sodium retention by the kidney in the RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM. The enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.4.99.19.

A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.

Substances which lower blood glucose levels.

The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.

A long-acting dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker. It is effective in the treatment of ANGINA PECTORIS and HYPERTENSION.

An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of cytidine, forming uridine. EC 3.5.4.5.

A glycoprotein that is central in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C3 can be cleaved into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, spontaneously at low level or by C3 CONVERTASE at high level. The smaller fragment C3a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of local inflammatory process. The larger fragment C3b binds with C3 convertase to form C5 convertase.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Excision of kidney.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

An island republic in the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Its capital is Nicosia. It was colonized by the Phoenicians and ancient Greeks and ruled successively by the Assyrian, Persian, Ptolemaic, Roman, and Byzantine Empires. It was under various countries from the 12th to the 20th century but became independent in 1960. The name comes from the Greek Kupros, probably representing the Sumerian kabar or gabar, copper, famous in historic times for its copper mines. The cypress tree is also named after the island. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p308 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p134)

Examination of urine by chemical, physical, or microscopic means. Routine urinalysis usually includes performing chemical screening tests, determining specific gravity, observing any unusual color or odor, screening for bacteriuria, and examining the sediment microscopically.

Liquid by-product of excretion produced in the kidneys, temporarily stored in the bladder until discharge through the URETHRA.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ).

An oxidation product, via XANTHINE OXIDASE, of oxypurines such as XANTHINE and HYPOXANTHINE. It is the final oxidation product of purine catabolism in humans and primates, whereas in most other mammals URATE OXIDASE further oxidizes it to ALLANTOIN.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the southeastern and eastern areas of the Asian continent.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

A nitrogen mustard alkylating agent used as antineoplastic for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Hodgkin's disease, and others. Although it is less toxic than most other nitrogen mustards, it has been listed as a known carcinogen in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985). (Merck Index, 11th ed)

The transference of a pancreas from one human or animal to another.

An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.

The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host.

The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

PUROMYCIN derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring. It is an antibiotic with antineoplastic properties and can cause nephrosis.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

A subcomponent of complement C1, composed of six copies of three polypeptide chains (A, B, and C), each encoded by a separate gene (C1QA; C1QB; C1QC). This complex is arranged in nine subunits (six disulfide-linked dimers of A and B, and three disulfide-linked homodimers of C). C1q has binding sites for antibodies (the heavy chain of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G or IMMUNOGLOBULIN M). The interaction of C1q and immunoglobulin activates the two proenzymes COMPLEMENT C1R and COMPLEMENT C1S, thus initiating the cascade of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION via the CLASSICAL COMPLEMENT PATHWAY.

HIV-associated nephropathy is a late, not early, manifestation of HIV-1 infection. (1/170)

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) can be the initial presentation of HIV-1 infection. As a result, many have assumed that HIVAN can occur at any point in the infection. This issue has important implications for appropriate therapy and, perhaps, for pathogenesis. Since the development of new case definitions for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and better tools to assess infection, the relationship of HIVAN to the time of AIDS infection has not been addressed. In this study, we reassessed the stage of infection at the time of HIVAN diagnosis in 10 patients, and we reviewed all previously published cases applying the new case definitions to assess stage of infection. METHODS: HIVAN was confirmed by kidney biopsy in HIV seropositive patients with azotemia and/or proteinuria. CD4+ cell count and plasma HIV-1 RNA copy number were measured. We also reviewed all published cases of HIVAN to determine if AIDS-defining conditions, by current Centers for Disease Control definitions, were present in patients with biopsy-proven HIVAN. RESULTS: Twenty HIV-1 seropositive patients with proteinuria and an elevated creatinine concentration were biopsied. HIVAN was the single most common cause of renal disease. CD4+ cell count was below 200/mm3 in all patients with HIVAN, fulfilling Centers for Disease Control criteria for an AIDS-defining condition. HIV-1 plasma RNA was detectable in all patients with HIVAN. In reviewing previous reports, an AIDS-defining condition was present in virtually all patients with HIVAN. CONCLUSION: HIVAN develops late, not early, in the course of HIV-1 infection following the development of AIDS. This likely accounts for the poor prognosis noted in previous publications and has implications for pathogenesis. In addition, given the detectable viral RNA levels, highly active antiretroviral therapy is indicated in HIVAN. Highly active antiretroviral therapy may improve survival as well as alter the natural history of HIVAN. (+info)

Up-regulation of Duffy antigen receptor expression in children with renal disease. (2/170)

BACKGROUND: The Duffy antigen chemokine receptor (DARC) is a promiscuous chemokine receptor that binds chemokines from the C-X-C and C-C families. DARC was initially described on red blood cells, but subsequent studies have demonstrated DARC protein expression on renal endothelial and epithelial cells, even in Duffy-negative individuals whose red cells lack DARC. Because approximately 68% of African Americans lack the Duffy/DARC on their red cells, we carried out experiments to identify the specific renal cells expressing DARC protein and mRNA in African American children and to define whether DARC expression was altered in renal inflammatory processes. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization studies were done in 28 renal sections from children with each of the following diagnoses: HIV nephropathy (HIVAN), HIV-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HIV-HUS), HIV infection without renal disease, HIV-negative children without renal disease, and Argentinean children with classic HUS. RESULTS: The predominant localization of DARC mRNA and protein was found in endothelial cells underlying postcapillary renal venules in all patients studied. However, DARC mRNA and protein were significantly up-regulated in peritubular and glomerular capillaries, collecting duct epithelial cells, and interstitial inflammatory cells in children with HIVAN, HIV-HUS, and classic HUS. CONCLUSION: These findings support the notion that the renal DARC is linked to the inflammatory cascade and that African American children may be at risk of accumulating chemokines in renal tissues. (+info)

Hepatitis C virus-associated glomerular disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus coinfection. (3/170)

Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been linked to the development of glomerular disease. HCV infection is highly prevalent among intravenous drug users, a population that is also at risk for HIV coinfection. This study reports the clinical-pathologic features and outcome of HCV-associated glomerular disease (HCV-GD) in 14 patients with HIV coinfection. All were intravenous drug users and all but one were African-Americans. Renal presentations included renal insufficiency, microscopic hematuria with active urine sediment, hypertension, and nephrotic syndrome or nephrotic-range proteinuria without hypercholesterolemia. Hypocomplementemia and cryoglobulinemia were present in 46 and 33% of patients, respectively. The predominant renal biopsy findings were membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type 1 or type 3 (Burkholder subtype) in 79% of patients and membranous glomerulopathy with atypical features in 21% (including overlap with collapsing glomerulopathy in one patient). The clinical course was characterized by rapid progression to renal failure requiring dialysis. The overall morbidity and mortality were high with median time of 5.8 mo to dialysis or death. Although most patients died in renal failure, cause of death was primarily attributable to long-term immunosuppression and advanced AIDS. Patients with AIDS had shorter survival than those without (median survival time of 6.1 mo versus 45.9 mo, log-rank test P = 0.02). Only two patients were alive with stable renal function at follow-up of 28.5 mo. In patients with HCV-GD, coinfection with HIV leads to an aggressive form of renal disease that can be easily confused with HIV-associated nephropathy. Although hypocomplementemia, cryoglobulinemia, and more prominent hypertension and microscopic hematuria may provide clues to the presence of HCV-GD, renal biopsy is essential to differentiate HCV-GD from HIV-associated nephropathy. (+info)

Renal lesions in AIDS: a biopsy and autopsy study. (4/170)

We studied renal lesions at biopsy (20 cases) and at autopsy (21 cases) among patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Nephrotic syndrome with concomitant renal insufficiency was most common indication for biopsy. 85 percent of biopsies showed features of HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN) which include: Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), glomerular collapse and mesangial hyperplasia. These glomerular changes were always accompanied by tubular microcysts and ultrastructurally, tubuloreticular inclusions (TRI) within the glomerular endothelium were often noted. Changes of HIVAN were also seen in two cases who were HIV negative at the time of biopsy but were positive on repeat testing. Minimal change disease, mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis and diffuse proliferative lupus nephritis were other biopsy lesions. Autopsy findings were HIVAN (33 percent), tubular necrosis and opportunistic infections. We conclude that HIVAN is a distinct clinicopathologic entity that may sometimes be the first manifestation of the underlying disease state. (+info)

Renal lesions associated with AIDS--an autopsy study. (5/170)

Kidneys from 55 cases (20 with HIV infection and 35 with AIDS) were studied by routine Haematoxylin and Eosin stains and special stains (PAS, PASM GMS, ZN, Mucicarmine and Congo red) to evaluate, glomerular, interstitial and vascular pathology. Twenty-four of the 35 (68.6%) cases of AIDS showed infective aetiology which included 17 cases (48.5%) of tuberculosis, 5 cases (14.4%) of fungal infection (3 cryptococcus neoformans and 2 candida species) and 2 cases (5.7%) of CMV infection. Other lesions noted were amyloidosis and tubular calcinosis. HIV associated nephropathy (HIVAN) was not detected in any of the cases. Intravenous drug abuse was not a risk factor in our cases which probably explains the absence of HIV associated nephropathy in the present study. (+info)

Chemokine receptor CCR5 and CXCR4 expression in HIV-associated kidney disease. (6/170)

The chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 have been identified as essential coreceptors for entry of HIV-1 strains into susceptible cells. Direct infection of renal parenchymal cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated renal disease, although data are conflicting. The localization of CCR5 and CXCR4 in kidneys with HIV-associated renal disease is unknown. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded renal biopsies from patients with HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) (n = 13), HIV-associated immune complex glomerulonephritis (n = 3), HIV-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (n = 1), and HIV-negative patients with collapsing glomerulopathy (n = 8) were analyzed in this study. Cellular sites of expression of CCR5 and CXCR4 were identified by immunohistochemistry and by in situ hybridization. The presence of HIV-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry and by in situ hybridization. Expression of both chemokine receptors CCR5 and CXCR4 was undetectable in intrinsic glomerular, tubular, and renovascular cells in all analyzed cases. In the presence of tubulointerstitial inflammation, CCR5 and CXCR4 expression was localized to infiltrating mononuclear leukocytes. HIV-1 protein was undetectable by immunohistochemistry in all cases of HIV-associated renal disease. HIV-1 RNA was identified in one case of HIVAN but was restricted to infiltrating leukocytes. HIV-1 RNA was not detected in intrinsic renal cells in all analyzed cases. Identifying the cellular expression of HIV-coreceptors CCR5 and CXCR4 may help to clarify which tissues are permissive for direct HIV infection. These data do not support a role of productive HIV-1 infection of renal parenchymal cells in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated renal disease. (+info)

Diuretic MAG3 scintirenography in children with HIV nephropathy: diffuse parenchymal dysfunction. (7/170)

HIV nephropathy (HIVN) is prevalent in 15%-56% of HIV-infected children and induces mild to severe progressive nephropathy. METHODS: A total of 33 renal diuretic scintirenographic studies with 99mTc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine (MAG3) were reviewed and analyzed from 23 HIV pediatric patients, 21 of whom had HIVN with varying degrees of renal impairment. Results were compared with 10 studies of control patients of matching ages. Visual interpretation of images and renograms as well as semiquantitative analyses were performed. Variables compared were size of kidneys, time of peak and one-half peak activities, residual (or retained) cortical activity at 20 min, ratio of cortical activity at 2.5-20 min, and ratio of kidney activity to kidney plus background activity at 2 min. The results of MAG3 renal studies were also compared with laboratory data pertaining to creatinine clearance in all patients and with sonography in 17 patients. RESULTS: In most patients with HIVN (18/21), the kidneys were larger than normal, with a diffuse parenchymal dysfunction (decreased uptake, slow processing, and increased retention of activity) and flat renograms, findings similar to those observed in other diffuse parenchymal diseases. In all patients with HIVN, semiquantitative analysis (paired t test) showed statistically significant differences from control patients for all variables. On ANOVA, a statistically significant correlation was found between most scintigraphic parameters and the severity of renal impairment. Of the 17 concurrent sonographic studies in HIVN patients, 7 showed no abnormalities, whereas the results of scintigraphy were abnormal. CONCLUSION: Diuretic MAG3 scintirenography shows nonspecific diffuse parenchymal dysfunction in pediatric patients with HIVN. Such dysfunction may provide corroborative evidence of HIVN and should be recognized when the test is performed for standard indications. Further work is necessary to prove that the test has indeed the high sensitivity and good correlation with the seventy of HIVN suggested in this population; the test may be useful to follow up the progression of disease and the effect of treatment. (+info)

Podocyte cell cycle regulation and proliferation in collapsing glomerulopathies. (8/170)

BACKGROUND: Mature podocytes are growth-arrested because of the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. Under pathological conditions, podocytes may undergo mitosis, but not cell division. Exceptions to this rule are collapsing glomerulopathies (CGs), including HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and idiopathic CG, where podocytes undergo a dysregulation of their differentiated phenotype and proliferate. METHODS: To shed light on the mechanism underlying podocyte proliferation in CG, we analyzed the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67, cyclins (A, D1), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p27, p57), and podocyte differentiation marker synaptopodin in eight cases of HIVAN and two cases of idiopathic CG. Normal fetal and adult kidneys served as controls. RESULTS: Both HIVAN and idiopathic CG showed a marked reduction in the expression of p27, p57, and cyclin D1 (absent in 69, 62, and 80% of all glomeruli, respectively). Cyclin A and Ki-67 were expressed in 11 and 29% of all glomeruli. Moreover, there was partial loss of synaptopodin and cyclin D1 expression in nonaffected glomeruli. CONCLUSIONS: The loss of p27 and p57 leading to expression of cyclin A may account for the activation of podocyte proliferation in CG. Furthermore, the loss of cyclin D1 from histologically normal glomeruli suggests a possible role of cyclin D1 in mediating the dysregulation of the podocyte cell cycle in CG. These novel findings offer insight into the molecular regulation of mature podocyte differentiation. Podocyte proliferation in CG provides evidence in support of a previously underestimated plasticity of mature podocytes. (+info)

Kematian akibat AIDS di Indonesia masih tinggi, karena hanya 8 persen Orang Dengan HIV AIDS (ODHA) yang mendapatkan pengobatan ... Inggris) Binding of serum immunoglobulins to collagens in IgA nephropathy and HIV infection ... AIDS: Science and Society. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Page.150-151.. *^ a b c d e Center for Disease Control and Prevention: ... The person with HIV/AIDS: nursing perspectives. Springer Publishing Company.. *^ a b c d e f g Andreas Holzenburg, Elke Bogner ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-1

His original work AIDS Associated Nephropathy was published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1984. Rao started working ... During his fellowship he published his original work on heroin-associated nephropathy in the prestigious New England Journal of ... In 1984, he described for the first time renal disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). ... and Nephropathy associated with HIV infection in early 80's. His professional achievement was to transport two cadaver donor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._K._Sreepada_Rao

In chronic allograft nephropathy, disruption or reduplication of internal elastic lamina can be observed, which causes ... Demonstration of fragmentation in this layer by elastin-van Gieson stain aids in diagnosis of giant cell arteritis. It stains ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_elastic_lamina

... also has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects as well as aid repair of smooth muscle cells. Patients with ... Nordquist L, Wahren J (2009). "C-Peptide: the missing link in diabetic nephropathy?". The Review of Diabetic Studies. 6 (3): ... Likewise, C-peptide administration in animals that had C-peptide deficiency (type 1 model) with nephropathy improves renal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-peptide

"Protein-losing Nephropathy". Go Pets America. Retrieved 25 October 2010.. *^ a b Robyn Alexander. "Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier ... Laboratory tests can aid in diagnosing PLN and PLE; Wheaten owners should check their country's advised testing protocols.[12] ... protein-losing nephropathy (PLN), where the dogs lose protein via the kidneys;[11] and protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), where ... "Familial Protein-Losing Enteropathy and Protein-Losing Nephropathy in Soft Coated Wheaten Terriers: 222 Cases". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheaten_Terrier

... demonstrates direct correlation between exposure and onset and progression of nephropathy. This porcine nephropathy bears ... for AIDS), and cisplatin[citation needed]. Their symptoms are well known to nephrologists: glycosuria without hyperglycemia, ... Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN), a slowly progressive renal disease, appeared in the middle of the 20th century, highly ... Other nephropathies, although not responding to the "classical" definition of BEN, may be linked to ochratoxin. Thus, this ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ochratoxin_A

... aids arteritis, central nervous system MeSH C20.673.480.050 - aids-associated nephropathy MeSH C20.673.480.070 - aids dementia ... complex MeSH C20.673.480.080 - aids-related complex MeSH C20.673.480.100 - aids-related opportunistic infections MeSH C20.673. ... aids-related MeSH C20.683.515.761.480.150.570 - lymphoma, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue MeSH C20.683.515.761.480.150.700 - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C20)

... aids-associated nephropathy MeSH C12.777.419.078 - anuria MeSH C12.777.419.135 - diabetes insipidus MeSH C12.777.419.135.500 - ... diabetic nephropathies MeSH C12.777.419.250 - fanconi syndrome MeSH C12.777.419.291 - hepatorenal syndrome MeSH C12.777.419.307 ... balkan nephropathy MeSH C12.777.419.570.643.790 - pyelonephritis MeSH C12.777.419.570.643.790.810 - pyelonephritis, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C12)

... aids-associated nephropathy MeSH C02.782.815.616.400.070 - aids dementia complex MeSH C02.782.815.616.400.080 - aids-related ... aids arteritis, central nervous system MeSH C02.800.801.400.050 - aids-associated nephropathy MeSH C02.800.801.400.070 - aids ... aids arteritis, central nervous system MeSH C02.782.815.616.400.050 - ... complex MeSH C02.782.815.616.400.100 - aids-related opportunistic infections MeSH C02.782.815.616.400.400 - hiv-associated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(C02)

Other blood tests done to aid in the diagnosis include CRP or ESR, complement levels, ANA, and LDH. Protein electrophoresis and ... There are a few additional caveats that have to be considered while treating IgA nephropathy. IgA nephropathy has a very ... IgA nephropathy (IgAN), also known as IgA nephritis, Berger's disease (/bɛərˈʒeɪ/) (and variations), or synpharyngitic ... HSP is associated with a more benign prognosis than IgA nephropathy. In non-aggressive IgA nephropathy there is traditionally a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IgA_nephropathy

Other winners devoted their work to aiding individuals who had a specific illness, such as Curt Schilling, who raised money for ... who lost a kidney as an infant and devoted himself to working with individuals with nephropathy. Also, some winners devoted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branch_Rickey_Award

In April 2013, a high-level meeting with regional health ministries, nongovernmental organizations, aid agencies, clinical ... "Heat Stress Nephropathy From Exercise-Induced Uric Acid Crystalluria: A Perspective on Mesoamerican Nephropathy". Am J Kidney ... "Mesoamerican Nephropathy or Global Warming Nephropathy?". Blood Purif. 41 (1-3): 135-38. doi:10.1159/000441265. PMID 26766409. ... Mesoamerican Nephropathy: Report From the First International Research Workshop on MeN. Heredia, Costa Rica: SALTRA/IRET-UNA; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesoamerican_nephropathy

In the USA 12% of patients dying with AIDS have histologically proven HIVAN, the worldwide incidence amongst AIDS patients ... the virus that causes AIDS. The most common, or "classical", type of HIV-associated nephropathy is a collapsing focal segmental ... HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) refers to kidney disease developing in association with infection by human immunodeficiency ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV-associated_nephropathy

AIDS-defining clinical condition. *Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome. *Lipodystrophy. *Nephropathy. *Neurocognitive ... Management of HIV/AIDS[edit]. Main article: Management of HIV/AIDS. Research to improve current treatments includes decreasing ... HIV/AIDS research includes all medical research that attempts to prevent, treat, or cure HIV/AIDS, as well as fundamental ... "AIDS. 25 (5): 577-80. doi:10.1097/QAD.0b013e3283437d2f. PMC 3681810. PMID 21160414.. (subscription required) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS_research

AIDS-defining clinical condition. *Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome. *Lipodystrophy. *Nephropathy. *Neurocognitive ... Religion and AIDS. References[edit]. *^ "Aide: Benedict XVI Doesn't Justify Condom Use - ZENIT - English". zenit.org. Retrieved ... "Vatican: condoms don't stop Aids". the Guardian.. *^ a b Partnerships in civil society Archived 6 July 2009 at the Wayback ... claimed that condoms are permeable to the AIDS virus. He explained to BBC interviewers that "The AIDS virus is roughly 450 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_Church_and_AIDS

AIDS-defining clinical condition. *Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome. *Lipodystrophy. *Nephropathy. *Neurocognitive ... a b Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS). (2014). 90-90-90: An ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS ... "AIDS in Swaziland", Radio Netherlands Archives, July 10, 2000 *^ "Partnership to Fight HIV/AIDS in Swaziland". U.S. State ... HIV/AIDS-related disparities[edit]. Although Eswatini's multisectoral response to HIV and AIDS has obtained positive results,[4 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Swaziland

HIV/AIDS in South America. References[edit]. *^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "HIV/AIDS Health Profile for Peru" (PDF). United States ... AIDS-defining clinical condition. *Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome. *Lipodystrophy. *Nephropathy. *Neurocognitive ... and the male/female ratio for AIDS diagnoses in 2009 was 3.02 to 1.[1] The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) ... Progress report 2011: Global HIV/AIDS response: Epidemic update and health sector progress towards Universal Access (PDF). WHO ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV/AIDS_in_Peru

It is also used post-operatively, as a diagnostic aid, and in tracheotomy care. It may be considered ineffective in cystic ... Improving Global Outcomes Guidelines suggest the use of oral acetylcysteine for the prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-acetylcysteine

His research interests include mechanisms of insulin action in the ovary, endocrinological aspects of AIDS, and clinical ... a study of the potential new treatment for prevention of diabetic nephropathy (carried out in collaboration with investigators ... Poretsky, L; Maran, A; Zumoff, B (1990). "Endocrinological and metabolic manifestations of AIDS". Mount Sinai Journal of ... Another line of Poretsky's research involved endocrine manifestations of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Poretsky

Kematian akibat AIDS di Indonesia masih tinggi, karena hanya 8 persen Orang Dengan HIV AIDS (ODHA) yang mendapatkan pengobatan ... Inggris) Binding of serum immunoglobulins to collagens in IgA nephropathy and HIV infection ... AIDS: Science and Society. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Page.150-151. *^ a b c d e Center for Disease Control and Prevention: ... CDC HIV/AIDS Facts, Oral Sex and HIV Risk. Juni 2009. *^ a b HIVInfo.us: An HIV Information Site & HIV Educational Resource ...

https://id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/HIV

The Minority AIDS Initiative operates through the Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program, under the Public Health Service Act. This is in ... Diabetes can cause nephropathy, leading to renal function deterioration, failure, and disease. Prior to the increase in ... "IHS HIV/AIDS Program Minority AIDS Initiative". Indian Health Service. Archived from the original on 2009-08-25. Retrieved ... The Indian Health Service also works with Minority AIDS Initiative to use funding to establish AIDS projects. This funding has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_disease_and_epidemics

Evidence is insufficient to support its use in autism, cancer, diabetes, HIV/AIDS, Alzheimer's disease, asthma, Bell's palsy, ... diabetic nephropathy; Exceptional blood loss (anemia); Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss; Intracranial abscess; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbaric_medicine

Diabetic nephropathy See: Nephropathy Diabetic neuropathy See: Neuropathy Diabetic osteopathy Bone disease secondary to chronic ... The test can aid in diagnosis; a single reading of 126 mg/dl (7 mmol/l) is diagnostic except in newborns or pregnant women or ... See also: Dialysis; nephropathy. Enzymes proteins which have the effect of greatly increasing the reaction rate of specific ... Also called nephropathy. Kidneys organs which produce urine by excreting blood plasma and then resorbing important chemicals. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_diabetes

2010). "Prospective study of polyomavirus BK replication and nephropathy in renal transplant recipients in China: A single- ... For example, in severely immunocompromised HIV-patients, previously called AIDS-patients, immunologic function can be restored ... Polyomaviruses may cause progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (JC virus) and polyomavirus-associated nephropathy, ... 2007). "Leflunomide treatment for polyomavirus BK-associated nephropathy after kidney transplantation". Transplant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decoy_cells

For example, Bartter Syndrome, also known as salt-wasting nephropathy, is a hereditary disease of the kidney characterized by ... researchers are looking to the exome for clues to aid in this process. Whole-exome sequencing has been a recent technologies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exome

Serum analysis often aids in the diagnosis of a specific underlying disease. The presence of anti-glomerular basement membrane ... and IgA nephropathy-that involves the glomerulus may progress to RPGN if severe enough. Also known as pauci-immune RPGN, type ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapidly_progressive_glomerulonephritis

en route to longer performance a = aided road course according to IAAF rule 260.28 Below is a list of other times equal or ... "Evaluation of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and cystatin C as early markers of diabetic nephropathy". Annals of ... en route to longer performance a = aided road course according to IAAF rule 260.28 Below is a list of other times equal or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10K_run

... s aid filtration by constituting part of the glomerular capillary tuft structure that filters fluids to produce ... Kanwar, Y; Wada, J; Sun, L; Xie, P; Wallner, E; Chen, S; Chugh, S; Danesh, F (2008). "Diabetic Nephropathy: Mechanisms of Renal ... The expansion of mesangial matrix is one characteristic of diabetic nephropathy although it also involves other cells in ... Brunskill, E; Potter, S (2012). "Changes in the gene expression programs of renal mesangial cells during diabetic nephropathy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesangial_cell

Virgili G, Acosta R, Bentley SA, Giacomelli G (2018). "Reading aids for adults with low vision". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 4 ... and diabetic nephropathy).[42] Despite the fact that only 8% of adults 40 years and older experience vision-threatening ... The United States Congress included this definition as part of the Aid to the Blind program in the Social Security Act passed ... In adults with low vision there is no conclusive evidence supporting one form of reading aid over another.[51] In several ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blindness

The contrast agent may induce contrast-induced nephropathy.[13] This occurs in 2 to 7% of people who receive these agents, with ... X-ray computed tomography (X-ray CT), computerized axial tomography scan (CAT scan),[2] computer aided tomography, computed ... such as aiding in the diagnosis of gout.[40] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-ray_computed_tomography

a b fertility services: a commissioning aid - June 2009, from the Department of Health UK ... "Smoking is associated with progression of diabetic nephropathy". Diabetes Care. 17 (2): 126-31. doi:10.2337/diacare.17.2.126. ... Far from acting as an aid for mood control, nicotine dependency seems to exacerbate stress. This is confirmed in the daily mood ... A history of smoking encourages the progression of diabetic nephropathy.[74] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_effects_of_tobacco

Diabetic Nephropathy: Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment. Diabetes Care 2005;28(1):164-176 Free Full Text ... BBC news story: Back pain drug 'may aid diabetics'. *Warwick University Press Release ... Prevention of incipient diabetic nephropathy by high-dose thiamine and benfotiamine. Diabetes. 2003;52(8):2110-20. PubMed ...

https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benfotiamiini

Family history, pulmonary embolism, HIV/AIDS, sickle cell disease, cocaine use, COPD, sleep apnea, living at high altitudes[5][ ... The cause is often unknown.[1] Risk factors include a family history, prior blood clots in the lungs, HIV/AIDS, sickle cell ... Kaufman, Matthew H.; Latha Stead; Feig, Robert (2007). First aid for the obstetrics & gynecology clerkship. New York: McGraw- ... Hypertensive nephropathy. *Essential hypertension. *Secondary hypertension *Renovascular hypertension. *Benign hypertension. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_Hypertension

6 each: Malignant tumor, metastasis, AIDS.. For a physician, this score is helpful in deciding how aggressively to treat a ... Apart from that the patient suffers from hypertension, type 2 diabetes with diabetic nephropathy, hysteromyoma, cholelithiasis ... AIDS, or cancer (a total of 22 conditions). Each condition is assigned a score of 1, 2, 3, or 6, depending on the risk of dying ... for example chronic nephratony resulting from diabetic nephropathy (Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease) in patients with type 2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comorbid

First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2013. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical, 2013. Print. ... Kidney disease is an abnormal structure, function or process in the kidney(s). Nephrosis is non-inflammatory nephropathy and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal

Although green tea is commonly believed to be a weight loss aid, there is no good evidence that its long-term consumption has ... acute oxalate nephropathy).[14][15] ... Green tea consumption does help reduce body weight and aid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_effects_of_tea_on_health

Kashtan, CE (1993) "Collagen IV-Related Nephropathies (Alport Syndrome and Thin Basement Membrane Nephropathy Archived 2017-12- ... Collagen has been widely used in cosmetic surgery, as a healing aid for burn patients for reconstruction of bone and a wide ... occurs to aid cross-linking of the alpha peptides. This enzymatic step requires vitamin C as a cofactor. In scurvy, the lack of ... which can be ingested in the form of dietary supplement or functional foods and beverages with the intent to aid joint and bone ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collagen

Bounameaux H, de Moerloose P, Perrier A, Reber G (1994). "Plasma measurement of D-dimer as diagnostic aid in suspected venous ... Hypertensive nephropathy. *Essential hypertension. *Secondary hypertension *Renovascular hypertension. *Benign hypertension. * ...

https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ಪಲ್ಮನರಿ_ಎಂಬಾಲಿಸಮ್‌_

Schlesinger N (March 2010). "Diagnosing and treating gout: a review to aid primary care physicians". Postgrad Med. 122 (2): 157 ... କିଛି ବିରଳ ଆନୁବାଂଶିକ ବ୍ୟାଧି ଯଥା familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy(ଫେମିଲିଆଲ ଜୁଭେନାଇଲ ହାଇପର ୟୂରେମିକ ନେଫ୍ରୋପାଥି ), ...

https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/ବାତରକ୍ତ

"Famine Hunger stalks Ethiopia once again - and aid groups fear the worst". time.com. 21 December 1987. Retrieved 12 September ... "Absence of HIV-Associated Nephropathy in Ethiopians". American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 47 (1): 88-94. doi:10.1053/j.ajkd. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bete_Israel

"Aid groups say lead poisoning has killed 400 children in Nigeria". Associated Press. 2010-10-05. Archived from the original on ... The toxic effect of lead causes nephropathy and may cause Fanconi syndrome, in which the proximal tubular function of the ... Epi-AID Trip Report. National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Atlanta, Georgia, ... "Epi-AID Trip Report: Assessment of human health risk from consumption of wild game meat with possible lead contamination among ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead_poisoning

Glomerular diseases include diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis and IgA nephropathy; renal tubular diseases include acute ... Considerable differences aid in distinguishing the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle. The descending limb is ... Glomerular diseases include diabetic nephropathy, glomerulonephritis and IgA nephropathy; renal tubular diseases include acute ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_tubules

AIDS-defining clinical condition. *Diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome. *Lipodystrophy. *Nephropathy. *Neurocognitive ... Serodiscordancy contributes to the spread of HIV/AIDS, particularly in Sub-Saharan nations such as Lesotho.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serodiscordant

Kaku M, Simpson DM (November 2014). "HIV neuropathy". Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS. 9 (6): 521-6. doi:10.1097/COH. ... Not to be confused with Nephropathy or Neuropathology.. Peripheral neuropathy, often shortened to neuropathy, is a general term ... Gonzalez-Duarte A, Cikurel K, Simpson DM (August 2007). "Managing HIV peripheral neuropathy". Current HIV/AIDS Reports. 4 (3): ... and treating the underlying condition can aid in the management of neuropathy. When peripheral neuropathy results from diabetes ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_neuropathy

The United States Congress included this definition as part of the Aid to the Blind program in the Social Security Act passed ... and diabetic nephropathy).[44] Despite the fact that only 8% of adults 40 years and older experience vision-threatening ... In adults with low vision there is no conclusive evidence supporting one form of reading aid over another.[53] In several ... GPS devices can also be used as a mobility aid. Such software can assist blind people with orientation and navigation, but it ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blind_people

These indications aid in deciding which people would benefit most from surgery.[26] The absolute indications are a large goiter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graves

Oral zinc supplements have not been proven to be effective in aiding the healing of venous ulcers, however more research is ... Hypertensive nephropathy. *Essential hypertension. *Secondary hypertension *Renovascular hypertension. *Benign hypertension. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venous_ulcer

AIDS (HIV-1/HIV-2). *Cervical cancer, vulvar cancer & Genital warts (condyloma), Penile cancer, Anal cancer (Human ... Lai KN, Li PK, Lui SF, Au TC, Tam JS, Tong KL, Lai FM (May 1991). "Membranous nephropathy related to hepatitis B virus in ... HBV-associated nephropathy has been described in adults but is more common in children.[26][27] Membranous glomerulonephritis ... "Strong association between membranous nephropathy and hepatitis-B surface antigenaemia in Japanese children". Lancet. 2 (8099 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatitis_B

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19920501)69:9,2267::aid-cncr2820690910,3.0.co;2-u. PMID 1562972.. ... Hypertensive nephropathy. *Essential hypertension. *Secondary hypertension *Renovascular hypertension. *Benign hypertension. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mondor

The paper finds a link between GSE and IgA Nephropathy, but not between CD and Nephropathy.[102] Calcium oxalate correlates ... Hallert C, Aström J, Walan A (1983). "Reversal of psychopathology in adult coeliac disease with the aid of pyridoxine (vitamin ... doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19830501)51:9,1615::AID-CNCR2820510911,3.0.CO;2-O. PMID 6831364.. ... Anti-gliadin IgA antibodies are found also more commonly in patients with IgA Nephropathy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gluten-sensitive_enteropathy_associated_conditions

HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) usually begins with large amounts of protein in the urine (proteinuria) and progresses ... Performs a general search of all AIDSinfo glossary terms. Enter a search term to find glossary word(s) containing that term. ... HIV-Associated Nephropathy (HIVAN) HIV-Associated Nephropathy Speaker Kidney disease associated with HIV infection. HIV- ... associated nephropathy (HIVAN) usually begins with large amounts of protein in the urine (proteinuria) and progresses rapidly ...

https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/understanding-hiv-aids/glossary/3274/hiv-associated-nephropathy

Other nephropathies related to viral factors include HIV-immune-complex kidney disease and thrombotic microangiopathy. The ... arterionephrosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy are increasingly common in individuals who have received such therapy for many ... diagnosis and treatment of HIV-associated nephropathies and highlight remaining questions for future research. HIV is a highly ... HIV infection is associated with renal diseases including HIV-associated nephropathy, HIV-immune-complex kidney disease, ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nrneph.2015.9?error=cookies_not_supported&code=bccb63e3-d3fb-45ea-beae-e261b4c7505d

... stasis of urine in the pyramids is observed in patients with HIV nephropathy. This finding, combined with characteristic renal ... HIV/AIDS Surveillance Report 2004. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005 ... How is HIV nephropathy characterized in renal CT scans used in the workup of pediatric HIV infection?. Updated: Mar 05, 2020 ... On renal CT scanning, stasis of urine in the pyramids is observed in patients with HIV nephropathy. This finding, combined with ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/965086-160255/how-is-hiv-nephropathy-characterized-in-renal-ct-scans-used-in-the-workup-of-pediatric-hiv-infection

Uddanam nephropathy in India: a challenge for epidemiologists Akkaloori, Anitha; Manumanthu, Ramesh; Sanikommu, Suresh; Gadde ... Uganda edges closer to AIDS treatment for all مؤلف غير معروف (‏2008-6)‏ ... Uganda leads way in innovative HIV/AIDS treatment. Wendo, Charles (‏2005-4)‏ ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?locale-attribute=ar&type=title&rpp=20%CE%B7l=-1&sort_by=1&starts_with_previous=W%E2%88%A8der=ASC&starts_with=T%E2%88%A8der=ASC

Uddanam nephropathy in India: a challenge for epidemiologists Gadde, Praveen; Sanikommu, Suresh; Manumanthu, Ramesh; ... Uganda leads way in innovative HIV/AIDS treatment. Wendo, Charles (‎2005-4)‎ ... Uganda edges closer to AIDS treatment for all Autor desconocido (‎2008-6)‎ ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/browse?locale-attribute=es&type=title&etal=-1&starts_with_previous=Z&sort_by=1&starts_with=U&rpp=20&order=ASC

... and questions answered by our Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Specialists for Hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, ... Tips for Finding Financial Aid. *Help with Travel Costs. *How to Get Involved in Research ... Hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps syndrome Title Other Names:. HANAC syndrome; Autosomal ... Hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps (HANAC) syndrome. is a genetic condition that causes blood ...

https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10889/index

Tips for Finding Financial Aid. *Help with Travel Costs. *How to Get Involved in Research ... Hereditary endotheliopathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and stroke Title Other Names:. HERNS; Retinal vasculopathy and cerebral ... Hereditary endotheliopathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and stroke (HERNS) is a rare genetic disease that affects the inner ... Hereditary retinopathy, nephropathy, and stroke (HERNS) is caused by genetic changes (. mutations. or pathogenic variants) in ...

https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10534/hereditary-endotheliopathy-retinopathy-nephropathy-and-stroke

... when a provider diagnoses hypertension with manifestations of nephropathy, what are the appropriate codes? 403.90 or 401.9 for ... Coding Help- AIDS nephropathy. By 27088ajj in forum Diagnosis Coding Replies: 5 Last Post: 07-26-2010, 03:36 PM ... How to code Hypertensive Nephropathy. By [email protected] in forum Medical Coding General Discussion ... Hello - when a provider diagnoses hypertension with manifestations of nephropathy, what are the appropriate codes? 403.90 or ...

https://www.aapc.com/memberarea/forums/60121-hypertension-manifestations-nephropathy.html

Aids-associated Nephropathy. Renal syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients characterized by nephrotic ... lupus nephropathy. The disease is characterized by high levels of protein in the urine and may eventually lead to kidney ... COQ2 nephropathy: a treatable cause of nephrotic syndrome in children.. Nephrotic syndrome can be caused by a subgroup of ... Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is one of the most common forms of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in adults and is usually ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/trial/127510/Drug-Therapy-in-Lupus-Nephropathy.html

Aids-associated Nephropathy. Renal syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients characterized by nephrotic ... Advances in early biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy.. Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of chronic kidney disease, and ... Balkan Nephropathy. A form of chronic interstitial nephritis that is endemic to limited areas of BULGARIA, the former ... New Strategies for Non-Invasive Detection of Chronic Allograft Nephropathy. The purpose of this study is to help researchers ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/trial/68544/Effects-of-PGI2-Analogue-Use-on-the-Development-of-Chronic-Allograft-Nephropathy.html

DISMAL PROGNOSIS DESPITE MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS IN AIDS NEPHROPATHY AND CHRONIC UREMIA. Rao, T. K. S.; Manis, T.; Friedman, E ...

https://journals.lww.com/asaiojournal/toc/1985/31000

severe nephropathy or mental disorder. *severe gastral ulcer. *heart or brain arthrosclerosis ... Study on the Antiviral Therapy and Immune Reconstitution of Chinese HIV/AIDS Patients. The safety and scientific validity of ... AIDS defining illness or any infectious disease occured in one month but still unstable within 14 days ... This study will be the first large-scale, multicentered, randomised, prospective ARV therapy study in China for HIV/AIDs ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00872417

10.1002/(SICI)1096-9136(199606)13:6,536::AID-DIA110,3.0.CO;2-J. ... and degree of nephropathy. Degree of retinopathy was assessed ... Cigarette smoking and progression of retinopathy and nephropathy in type 1 diabetes.. Mühlhauser I1, Bender R, Bott U, Jörgens ... The results show that the real associations between smoking and retinopathy and nephropathy are complex and that more emphasis ... While significant associations between smoking, and retinopathy and nephropathy respectively, were found, the relations were ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8799657?dopt=Abstract

No Dialysis for Aids Nephropathy. Pages 60-70. Friedman, Eli A.. Preview Buy Chapter $29.95 ...

https://www.springer.com/us/book/9780792365709?wt_mc=ThirdParty.SpringerLink.3.EPR653.About_eBook

HIV-associated nephropathy. AIDS 2004; 18: 1089-1099.. *2. Kenya Ministry of Health. Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey 2007. Nairobi ... HIV/AIDS stigma and refusal of HIV testing among pregnant women in rural Kenya: results from the MAMAS Study. AIDS Behav 2011; ... Mr Secretary General, I implore you, renew your commitment to the fight against HIV/AIDS, but this time deal with the social ... It is estimated that for each paediatric HIV/AIDS case reported in Kenya there are 3-4 other infected children undiagnosed.3 ...

https://www.mja.com.au/journal/2014/201/7/importance-effectively-combating-hivaids-through-tackling-social-aspects

It was found that acute renal failure was uncommon (7.1% of treated animals) and that morphologic evidence of nephropathy, ... In many preclinical AIDS research studies, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is administered to experimentally simian ... phosphorus were frequently identified longitudinally in the blood of ART-treated animals that developed evidence of nephropathy ... nephropathy 4 yes ART likely BUN 181, Ca/P 15.6/9.6, creatinine 23.3 ...

https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1742-6405-8-3/tables/1

It was found that acute renal failure was uncommon (7.1% of treated animals) and that morphologic evidence of nephropathy, ... In many preclinical AIDS research studies, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is administered to experimentally simian ... phosphorus were frequently identified longitudinally in the blood of ART-treated animals that developed evidence of nephropathy ... Correlation of serum phosphorus level, Ca/P ratio and Crea/P ratio at the end of ART with severity of nephropathy. Correlation ...

https://aidsrestherapy.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1742-6405-8-3

AIDS-Associated Nephropathy / epidemiology * AIDS-Associated Nephropathy / genetics* * Adult * Apolipoprotein L1 * ... Absence of APOL1 risk variants protects against HIV-associated nephropathy in the Ethiopian population Am J Nephrol. 2011;34(5 ... We determined the frequency of the APOL1 G1 and G2 risk variants together with the prevalence of HIV-associated nephropathy ( ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21968148/

M. E. De Broe, "Chinese herbs nephropathy and Balkan endemic nephropathy: toward a single entity, aristolochic acid nephropathy ... 22-152, Office for Textbooks and Teaching Aids, Belgrade, Serbia, 2000. View at Google Scholar ... Z. Radovanović, "Epidemiology and etiology of endemic nephropathy," in Endemic Nephropathy, Z. Radovanović, M. Šindjić, M. ... Z. Radovanović, "Epidemiology and etiology of endemic nephropathy," in Endemic Nephropathy, Z. Radovanović, M. Sinđić, M. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijn/2014/284293/

Histopathologic features aid in predicting risk for progression of IgA nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Mar. 5(3):425- ... Oxford Classification of IgA nephropathy 2016: an update from the IgA Nephropathy Classification Working Group. Kidney Int. ... Drugs & Diseases , Nephrology , IgA Nephropathy Q&A What is the role of immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of immunoglobulin A ... IgA nephropathy, the most common cause of glomerulonephritis, is linked to 6q22-23. Nat Genet. 26(3):354-7. [Medline]. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/239927-81353/what-is-the-role-of-immunofluorescence-in-the-diagnosis-of-immunoglobulin-a-iga-nephropathy

Interval and clinical cohort studies: Epidemiological issues. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 23: 769-776, 2007pmid:17604539. ... Membranous Nephropathy: Quantifying Remission Duration on Outcome. Daniel C. Cattran, Esther D. Kim, Heather Reich, Michelle ... Membranous Nephropathy: Quantifying Remission Duration on Outcome. Daniel C. Cattran, Esther D. Kim, Heather Reich, Michelle ... Membranous nephropathy (MGN) remains one of the most common causes of adult-onset nephrotic syndrome.1-3 The natural history of ...

https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/28/3/995

Which drug is most effective and safe for treating proteinuria in someone with diabetic nephropathy? Many options. There are ... Can enzyme supplementation aid in managing diabetic nephropathy? Dr. Tarek Naguib Dr. Naguib ... Nephropathy (Definition) Nephropathy is a medical term that refers to disease of the kidney. There are many causes. It can be ... Diabetic Nephropathy: High-dose b vitamin therapy is not helpful in diabetic nephropathy. An article was published in the jama ...

https://www.healthtap.com/topics/medicine-for-diabetic-nephropathy

AIDS, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. SLE, systemic lupus erythematosus. HIVAN, HIV-associated nephropathy ... Another form of nephropathy that may cause great difficulties in the differential diagnosis with SLE: lupus-like nephritis has ... HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) occurs most commonly in black patients and is characterized by nephrotic proteinuria, which ... Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, sexually transmitted infection, caused by the human immunodeficiency ...

https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=90500

Nephropathy and renal colic in patients treated with indinavir, ritonavir plus indinavir or ritonavir plus saquinavir. Padberg ... Changes in survival among people with AIDS in Lazio, Italy from 1993 to 1998. Porta, Daniela; Rapiti, Elisabetta; Forastiere, ... Assessing the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy on AIDS and death. Sabin, Caroline A. ... Mycobacterium avium intracellulare psoas abscess in patients with AIDS after antiretroviral therapy. Boyd, Aileen E.; Brettle, ...

https://journals.lww.com/aidsonline/toc/1999/10220

One Word_First Aid Flashcards Preview USMLE , One Word_First Aid , Flashcards ... Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy) 213 Lab/diagnostic finding: Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular ...

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Study First Aid 2014 Rapid Reviw Key Associations flashcards from Sadaf S ... First Aid 2014 Rapid Reviw Key Associations Flashcards Preview Pathology , First Aid 2014 Rapid Reviw Key Associations , ...

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... nephropathy (also known as Berger disease) was first described by Berger and Hinglais in 1968. IgA nephropathy is characterized ... Histopathologic features aid in predicting risk for progression of IgA nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Mar. 5(3):425- ... Distribution of IgA nephropathy varies in different geographic regions throughout the world. IgA nephropathy is observed in up ... Oxford Classification of IgA nephropathy 2016: an update from the IgA Nephropathy Classification Working Group. Kidney Int. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/239927-overview

... nephropathy (also known as Berger disease) was first described by Berger and Hinglais in 1968. IgA nephropathy is characterized ... Histopathologic features aid in predicting risk for progression of IgA nephropathy. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010 Mar. 5(3):425- ... encoded search term (IgA Nephropathy) and IgA Nephropathy What to Read Next on Medscape. Related Conditions and Diseases. * IgA ... Oxford Classification of IgA nephropathy 2016: an update from the IgA Nephropathy Classification Working Group. Kidney Int. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/239927-treatment

Using mutual information to measure the impact of multiple genetic factors on AIDS. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 42: 347-354, ... APOL1 Genetic Variants in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and HIV-Associated Nephropathy. Jeffrey B. Kopp, George W. Nelson ... APOL1 Genetic Variants in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis and HIV-Associated Nephropathy. Jeffrey B. Kopp, George W. Nelson ... Prevalence of HIV-associated nephropathy in autopsies of HIV-infected patients. Am J Kidney Dis 35: 884-888, 2000. ...

https://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/22/11/2129?ijkey=44d7e765ed2c21725494bfa52e657a6fccc57564&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Aids,in,Choosing,the,Right,Eyewear,medicine,medical news today,latest medical news,medical newsletters,current medical news, ... Eyeglass Guide Launched That Aids in Choosing the Right Eyewear. Transitions Optical Inc. announced the release of its Eyeglass ... announced the release of its Eyeglass Guide -- a unique resource designed to aid consumers in making educated choices hen ...

http://www.bio-medicine.org/medicine-news/Eyeglass-Guide-Launched-That-Aids-in-Choosing-the-Right-Eyewear-23574-1/

Although combined antiretroviral therapy is effective at preventing and reversing HIVAN, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, arterionephrosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy are increasingly common in individuals who have received such therapy for many years. (nature.com)
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of lipo-prostaglandin E1 （lipo-PGE1) on renal oxygenation in patients with diabetic nephropathy by blood oxygenation level dependent m. (bioportfolio.com)
Advances in early biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy. (bioportfolio.com)
Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of chronic kidney disease, and represents the most common and serious complication of diabetes. (bioportfolio.com)
The objective of the present study was to analyse the association between cigarette smoking and progression of retinopathy and nephropathy, respectively, in a prospective multicentre study including 636 people with Type 1 diabetes: 81% of the original cohort of consecutively referred patients, aged 15 to 40 years and free of severe late diabetic complications. (nih.gov)
Which drug is most effective and safe for treating proteinuria in someone with diabetic nephropathy? (healthtap.com)
Are there non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs to treat diabetic nephropathy? (healthtap.com)
There are no drugs that treat diabetic nephropathy per se. (healthtap.com)
Diabetic nephropathy is not a curable condition. (healthtap.com)
How is diabetic nephropathy diagnosed? (healthtap.com)
If you have diabetes , early diabetic nephropathy can be suspected if your doctor tests the urine for microalbumin, and then later for protein .Usually no need to do a kidney biopsy especially if the retina of the eye also has diabetic changes. (healthtap.com)
In a nutshell, what is diabetic nephropathy? (healthtap.com)
Diabetic nephropathy as the name suggests is a "disease" of the kidney in diabetics with appearance of protein in the urine and slow deterioration of kidney function. (healthtap.com)
What are the tests for diabetic nephropathy? (healthtap.com)
Can you tell me what is diabetic nephropathy? (healthtap.com)
What are the symptoms of diabetic nephropathy? (healthtap.com)
Diabetic nephropathy causes glomerular damage and leakage of proteins in the urine . (healthtap.com)
What symptoms usually go along with diabetic nephropathy? (healthtap.com)
What is the definition or description of: Diabetic nephropathy? (healthtap.com)
What is a good diet for someone who suffers from diabetic nephropathy? (healthtap.com)
African Americans have a fourfold increased risk for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) arising from the three leading causes of chronic kidney disease (CKD): diabetic nephropathy, hypertension-attributed CKD, and glomerulonephritis. (asnjournals.org)
Diabetic Nephropathy ongoing clinical trials report provides comprehensive analysis and trends in global Diabetic Nephropathy disease clinical trials. (reportlinker.com)
The research work analyzes the ongoing Diabetic Nephropathy clinical trial trends across countries and companies. (reportlinker.com)
The report focuses on drugs and therapies being evaluated for Diabetic Nephropathy treatment in active clinical development phases including phase 1, phase 2, phase 3 and phase 4 clinical trials. (reportlinker.com)
Further, data is presented in user friendly manner to enable readers quick access to Diabetic Nephropathy clinical trials. (reportlinker.com)
At a symposium at the 61st Scientific Sessions of the ADA in June 2001, the results of three recent diabetic nephropathy trials with angiotensin II subtype 1 receptor antagonists were presented. (diabetesjournals.org)
What was not available in 1993 was "hard end point data" in type 2 diabetic subjects with nephropathy that showed losartan could slow the progression of advancing renal disease to nephropathy. (diabetesjournals.org)
Caution should be exercised when Methaver is administered to patients with diabetic nephropathy. (drugs.com)
One published study showed that among patients with diabetic nephropathy given high dose folic acid, vitamin B12, and vitamin B (pyridoxine) versus a placebo, there was a greater decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GRF). (drugs.com)
BETHESDA, Md. (Sept. 18, 2012)Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most serious complications related to diabetes, often leading to end-stage kidney disease. (bio-medicine.org)
Scientists from the Department of Food and Nutrition and Department of Biochemistry at Hallym University in Korea investigated the cellular and molecular activity of purple corn anthocyanins (PCA) to determine whether and how it affects the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). (bio-medicine.org)
In isolated glomeruli from biopsies of patients with diabetic nephropathy and in glomeruli from mice with type 2 diabetes, BAMBI was downregulated. (diabetesjournals.org)
Future therapeutic interventions with inhibitors of alternative TGF-β signaling may therefore be of interest in diabetic nephropathy. (diabetesjournals.org)
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease and end-stage kidney failure in the western world. (diabetesjournals.org)
Many of these biological actions could ameliorate diabetic nephropathy. (biomedcentral.com)
In vivo studies examined the effects of dietary curcumin on the development of diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin (Stz)-induced diabetes in DBA2J mice. (biomedcentral.com)
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains the commonest cause of end stage renal disease. (biomedcentral.com)
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common cause of end-stage renal disease worldwide, and the therapy option is far from a solution. (diabetesjournals.org)
Diabetic nephropathy occurs when proper blood glucose levels are not maintained, leading to excess inflammation and glucose in the bloodstream, clogging the small capillaries that feed into the kidneys. (deathtodiabetes.com)
Kaempferol in ameliorating diabetes-induced fibrosis and renal damage: An in vitro and in vivo study in diabetic nephropathy mice model. (physiciansweekly.com)
Background Diabetic Nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end stage renal disease and mortality in diabetic patients. (ukzn.ac.za)
Oxidative stress mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is believed to be the cause of diabetic kidney damage (nephropathy). (rainbow.coop)
Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA is an antioxidant which has been shown to aid in prevention of diabetic nephropathy. (rainbow.coop)

Patients with renal biopsy documented membranous nephropathy will all be treated with alternate day prednisone and will be randomized to receive: a) no additional therapy (control group), b) intravenous cyclophosphamide up to 1.0 gm per m(2) body surface area every other month for 6 total doses, or c) oral cyclosporin A up to 200 mg per m(2) body surface area daily for a total of 11 months. (bioportfolio.com)
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN) is one of the most common forms of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in adults and is usually treated by corticosteroids in combination with cytotoxic drugs e. (bioportfolio.com)
Although change in proteinuria has been proposed as a surrogate for long-term prognosis in membranous nephropathy (MGN), variability in proteinuria levels and lag between these changes and acceptable end points, such as ESRD, has limited its utility. (asnjournals.org)
Membranous nephropathy (MGN) remains one of the most common causes of adult-onset nephrotic syndrome. (asnjournals.org)
Boston) - Research conducted by a pair of physicians at Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) and Boston Medical Center (BMC) has led to the development of a test that can help diagnose membranous nephropathy in its early stages. (healthcanal.com)
Over the past four years, the Halpin Foundation has contributed more than $350,000 to Beck to investigate the genetics and molecular mechanisms behind membranous nephropathy. (healthcanal.com)
Membranous nephropathy is an autoimmune disease caused by the immune system attacking the kidneys, resulting in the thickening and dysfunction of the kidney's filters, called glomeruli. (healthcanal.com)
Approximately one third of patients with membranous nephropathy eventually develop kidney failure, requiring dialysis or a kidney transplant. (healthcanal.com)
The Halpin Foundation is encouraging researchers to identify the genetic basis for autoimmune diseases and kidney diseases such as Membranous Nephropathy (MN), which is often idiopathic. (healthcanal.com)
membranous nephropathy membranous glomerulonephritis . (thefreedictionary.com)
Other HIV-related immune complex kidney diseases have also been described, including IgA nephropathy, membranous nephropathy, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and other conditions such as post-infectious glomerulonephritis. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM) in collaboration with scientists at the University of Louisville and the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis in France, have identified the target antigen PLA2R in patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy (kidney disease), which has implications for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. (innovations-report.com)
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy involves the thickening and dysfunction of the filtering parts of the kidneys called glomeruli. (innovations-report.com)
Until now, the diagnosis of membranous nephropathy required a kidney biopsy as there are no blood or urine tests to specifically distinguish membranous nephropathy from other causes of kidney disease. (innovations-report.com)
According to the researchers this discovery has important implications for both the diagnosis and treatment of membranous nephropathy. (innovations-report.com)
Our findings show that PLA2R is a major target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. (innovations-report.com)
Seventy percent of our patients with biopsy-proven idiopathic membranous nephropathy had IgG antibodies that reacted with PLA2R, a constituent of normal human glomeruli," he added. (innovations-report.com)
and another author (Salant) receives consulting fees from Questcor Pharmaceuticals, Cormedix, and DiObix and has a patent pending for a diagnostic immunoassay to detect anti-PLA2R antibodies in membranous nephropathy. (innovations-report.com)
Background and objectives Accurate prediction of prognosis may improve management of patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. (asnjournals.org)
Design, setting, participants, & measurements One hundred four patients with biopsy-proven idiopathic membranous nephropathy who presented between 1995 and 2008 with a well-preserved kidney function and nephrotic range proteinuria were included. (asnjournals.org)
Idiopathic membranous nephropathy (iMN) is a common cause of adult onset nephrotic syndrome. (asnjournals.org)

HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) usually begins with large amounts of protein in the urine (proteinuria) and progresses rapidly to total kidney failure. (nih.gov)
We determined the frequency of the APOL1 G1 and G2 risk variants together with the prevalence of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) among individuals of Ethiopian ancestry to determine whether the kidney disease genetic risk is PanAfrican or restricted to West Africa, and can explain the previously reported low risk of HIVAN among Ethiopians. (nih.gov)
In a recessive model, APOL1 variants conferred seventeenfold higher odds (95% CI 11 to 26) for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and twenty-nine-fold higher odds (95% CI 13 to 68) for HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). (asnjournals.org)
1 - 3 Two admixture mapping studies identified a locus on chromosome 22 with association with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN, which, histologically, is manifested as collapsing glomerulopathy), and pooled nondiabetic ESKD cases, and this was extended to hypertension-attributed ESKD. (asnjournals.org)
The classic HIV-related kidney disease is the entity that has been termed "HIV-associated nephropathy" or HIVAN. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Most patients with HIVAN have significant HIV-related immunosuppression with low CD4 count and other features of HIV infection or AIDS and have not been treated with antiretroviral therapies (or have been non-adherent with therapy). (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
Though combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is efficacious in preventing and treating HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), the mechanisms by which these medications protect the kidney from the deleterious effects of HIV are poorly understood. (yu.edu)
APOL1 variants increase risk for FSGS and HIVAN but not IgA nephropathy. (healthtap.com)
African Americans infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) are at risk of developing a renal syndrome named HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). (siicsalud.com)
Chronic kidney disease: HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in HIV-infected patients. (clinicaladvisor.com)

IgA nephropathy is an idiopathic glomerulonephritis characterized by predominant IgA deposition. (nii.ac.jp)

IgA nephropathy a chronic form marked by hematuria and proteinuria and by deposits of IgA immunoglobulin in the mesangial areas of the renal glomeruli, with subsequent reactive hyperplasia of mesangial cells. (thefreedictionary.com)

I knew the proportion of AIDS-related fatalities had decreased dramatically with the upscaling of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) availability. (mja.com.au)
In many preclinical AIDS research studies, antiretroviral therapy (ART) is administered to experimentally simian immunodeficiency (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques for reduction of viral load to undetectable levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Kematian akibat AIDS di Indonesia masih tinggi, karena hanya 8 persen Orang Dengan HIV AIDS (ODHA) yang mendapatkan pengobatan obat antiretroviral (ARV). (wikipedia.org)
HIV-associated nephropathy in the era of antiretroviral therapy. (iasusa.org)

The results show that the real associations between smoking and retinopathy and nephropathy are complex and that more emphasis should be put on the complete description of the response variables and the statistical models used in clinical and epidemiological research. (nih.gov)
Based on these reports, BEN is proposed to be categorized as a toxic tubulointerstitial nephropathy, with clinical picture and disease progression not different from other tubulointerstitial nephropathies, but with BEN having an insidious and gradual progression to end stage renal disease. (hindawi.com)
Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for IgA nephropathy 2014. (medscape.com)
Predicting progression of IgA nephropathy: new clinical progression risk score. (medscape.com)
A case of HIV infection is defined as an individual with HIV infection irrespective of clinical stage (including severe or stage 4 clinical disease, also known as AIDS) confirmed by laboratory criteria according to country definitions and requirements. (who.int)
Clinical diagnosing (suspected or probable) of HIV infection (by diagnosing an AIDS-defining condition or HIV at any immunological stage in an adult or child) requires confirmation of HIV infection by the best age-appropriate test. (who.int)
Clinical disease is seen in patients with immunosuppression, such as those with HIV/AIDS, and particularly in patients with bone marrow or solid organ transplantation (kidney, kidney-pancreas). (clinicaladvisor.com)
Despite frequent reactivation of BK virus in AIDS patients, clinical manifestations are extremely rare. (clinicaladvisor.com)
CD4 validation for the World Health Organization classification and clinical staging of HIV/AIDS in a developing country. (pubfacts.com)
HIV-associated nephropathy is characterized by clinical findings similar to those of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and often biopsy features of collapsing glomerulopathy (a variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis). (merckmanuals.com)

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is characterized by predominant IgA deposition in the glomerular mesangium. (medscape.com)

Some trials of corticosteroid therapy for IgA nephropathy have shown positive outcomes. (medscape.com)

The role of the complement system in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy is controversial. (medscape.com)
Pathogenesis of HIV-associated nephropathy. (healthtap.com)
Investigations of pathogenesis and therapeutic approach for IgA nephropathy. (nii.ac.jp)

However, its role in models of acute and chronic nephropathies has been the focus of many n. (bioportfolio.com)
It was found that acute renal failure was uncommon (7.1% of treated animals) and that morphologic evidence of nephropathy, which persisted for more than 300 days following discontinuation of the drug cocktail, was more frequent (52.4% of treated animals). (biomedcentral.com)
urate nephropathy ( uric acid nephropathy ) any of a group of kidney diseases occurring in patients with hyperuricemia , including an acute form, a chronic form ( gouty nephropathy ), and nephrolithiasis with formation of uric acid calculi . (thefreedictionary.com)
Acute phosphate nephropathy. (yale.edu)
Markowitz GS, Perazella MA: Acute phosphate nephropathy. (yale.edu)

Epidemiology of IgA nephropathy in central and eastern Kentucky for the period 1975 through 1994. (medscape.com)
Her research interests include HIV-associated nephropathy and the epidemiology of kidney disease in patients with HIV and with HIV and hepatitis C virus coinfection. (iasusa.org)
M. Refik Gokmen, Ph.D., M.B.B.S., of King's College London and Imperial College London, and colleagues used an evidence-based approach to review the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of AA-induced nephropathy . (medicalxpress.com)

McQuarrie EP, Mackinnon B, McNeice V, Fox JG, Geddes CC. The incidence of biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy is associated with multiple socioeconomic deprivation. (medscape.com)

Dr. T. K. Sreepada Rao (born 4 June 1943) is a well known nephrologist of Indian origin in the U.S. His biggest scientific achievement is discovering two new renal diseases namely Nephropathy associated with Intravenous heroin addiction in early 1970s, and Nephropathy associated with HIV infection in early 80's. (wikipedia.org)

How is HIV nephropathy characterized in renal CT scans used in the workup of pediatric HIV infection? (medscape.com)
The fight to achieve Millenium Development Goal 6 with regard to HIV/AIDS (achieve universal access to treatment by 2010 and begin to reverse its spread by 2015) has champions from doctors to musicians and has achieved falling infection rates and increasing availability of HAART. (mja.com.au)
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic, sexually transmitted infection, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (scirp.org)
Any HIV-related illness included in the list of diagnostic criteria for AIDS, which in the presence of HIV infection result in an AIDS diagnosis. (aidsmap.com)
Treatment of AIDS-associated gastrointestinal cytomegalovirus infection with foscarnet and ganciclovir: a randomised comparison. (thefreedictionary.com)
If the HIV infection advances to AIDS, the body becomes prone to opportunistic infections. (healthline.com)
Death: The following website allows the practitioner to use patient specific data (age, route of infection [e.g., injection drug use or not], CD4+ count, HIV PCR [copies/mL], and historical AIDS-defining illnesses) to determine a 1 to 5 year estimated probability of AIDS-defining illness or death: www.art-cohort-collaboration.org. (clinicaladvisor.com)
Here, we demonstrate that SphK2 functions during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Cl 13 (LCMV Cl 13) infection to limit T cell immune pathology, which subsequently aids in the establishment of virus-induced immunosuppression and the resultant viral persistence. (jci.org)
The infection of Sphk2-deficient (Sphk2-/-) mice with LCMV Cl 13 led to the development of nephropathy and mortality via T cell-mediated immunopathology. (jci.org)

Early signs of hypertensive nephropathy, namely albuminuria and a decreased glomerular filtration rate, are prognostically valuable and easy to detect. (biomedsearch.com)

Radiocontrast Nephropathy (RCN) is a well-known complication after the intravascular administration of contrast medium occurring in approximately 15% of all cases. (eurekaselect.com)

IgA nephropathy is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide,however aggressive Berger's disease is on the NORD list of rare diseases. (wikipedia.org)
A variety of systemic diseases are associated with aggressive IgA nephropathy ( Berger's disease) such as liver failure , cancer , celiac disease , systemic lupus erythematosus , rheumatoid arthritis , heart failure , reactive arthritis , ankylosing spondylitis and HIV . (wikipedia.org)
IgA nephropathy, also called Berger's disease , is a kidney disorder that causes inflammation of the glomeruli , the individual filtering units of the kidney that produce urine. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)

Hereditary endotheliopathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and stroke (HERNS) is a rare genetic disease that affects the inner lining of the blood vessels. (nih.gov)
Specifically, the parts of the body that are affected include the small blood vessels of the brain (microangiopathy), retina (vascular retinopathy ), and kidneys (nephropathy). (nih.gov)
Hereditary endotheliopathy with retinopathy, nephropathy, and stroke (HERNS) affects the lining ( endothelium ) of the blood vessels. (nih.gov)
Cigarette smoking and progression of retinopathy and nephropathy in type 1 diabetes. (nih.gov)
Several logistic regression analyses were performed by describing the responses retinopathy and nephropathy, respectively, either as progression yes/no or as actual status at the 6-year follow-up and by using different measures for smoking. (nih.gov)
While significant associations between smoking, and retinopathy and nephropathy respectively, were found, the relations were variable depending on the statistical model used. (nih.gov)

Results of a prospective, open-label, multicenter, centrally randomized, controlled trial in 97 patients suggested that the combination of the ACEI ramipril with prednisone was more effective than ramipril alone in discouraging progression of renal disease associated with IgA nephropathy. (medscape.com)

What is the role of immunofluorescence in the diagnosis of immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy? (medscape.com)
Immunofluorescence microscopy demonstrating large mesangial immunoglobulin A (IgA) deposits diagnostic of IgA nephropathy. (medscape.com)
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy: a pathophysiology view. (medscape.com)
Light microscopy of a glomerulus from a patient with immunoglobulin A nephropathy showing increased mesangial matrix and cellularity. (medscape.com)
The present study performed a proteomics analysis of crotonylation between healthy controls and patients with immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy using tandem mass spectrometry and high‑resolution liquid chromatography. (spandidos-publications.com)
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), a common glomerular disease that results in chronic or end-stage kidney disease ( 13 ), is caused by an accumulation of IgA in the glomerular mesangium ( 14 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

HSP is associated with a more benign prognosis than IgA nephropathy. (wikipedia.org)
Routine Immunohistology as an Aid in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Renal Diseases. (annals.org)
Lange K, Treser G, Wasserman E, Sagel I. Routine Immunohistology as an Aid in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Renal Diseases. (annals.org)

IgA nephropathy is the most common form of glomerulonephritis in the world. (nii.ac.jp)

De novo Donor Specific Antibody following BK Nephropathy: The Incidence and Association with Antibody Mediated Rejection. (bioportfolio.com)
The incidence of heroin associated-nephropathy decreased in the last four decades. (biomedcentral.com)

Although IgA nephropathy is a limited nonsystemic renal disease, many systemic illnesses are sporadically associated with mesangial IgA deposition. (medscape.com)
Histologically, IgA nephropathy may show mesangial widening and focal and segmental inflammation. (wikipedia.org)
citation needed] Histologically, IgA nephropathy may show mesangial widening and focal and segmental inflammation. (wikipedia.org)

[1] Primary IgA nephropathy is characterized by deposition of the IgA antibody in the glomerulus. (wikipedia.org)

In fact dysregulated mTOR activation may contribute to nephropathy, development of HIV associated cancers and other complications. (medindia.net)
IgA nephropathy leads to renal (kidney) failure and other related complications. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)

analgesic nephropathy interstitial nephritis with renal papillary necrosis, seen in patients with a history of abuse of analgesics such as aspirin or acetaminophen alone or in combination. (thefreedictionary.com)
hypokalemic nephropathy nephropathy with hypokalemia , interstitial nephritis , swelling and vacuolization of proximal renal tubules , and progressive renal failure , resulting from conditions such as oncotic overloading of the kidney filtration mechanisms by sugars. (thefreedictionary.com)

Uganda leads way in innovative HIV/AIDS treatment. (who.int)
The treatment of IgA nephropathy in any individual patient should be tailored to that patient's presentation, given the conflicting results of many studies of this disease. (medscape.com)
Treatment here consists of stopping the inciting agent (e.g., natalizumab) or treatment of AIDS. (clinicaladvisor.com)
Combination foscarnet and ganciclovir therapy vs monotherapy for the treatment of relapsed cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with AIDS. (thefreedictionary.com)
There is no specific treatment for IgA nephropathy. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)

During his fellowship he published his original work on heroin-associated nephropathy in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine. (wikipedia.org)

In non-aggressive IgA nephropathy there is traditionally a slow progression to chronic kidney failure in 25-30% of cases during a period of 20 years. (wikipedia.org)
Doctors have found that about 25% of those with IgA nephropathy develop chronic kidney failure that progresses to end-stage kidney failure. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)

Grapefruit juice ameliorates nephropathy in streptozotocin induced diabetes. (ukzn.ac.za)

Barry Brenner, Boston, MA, discussed the Reduction of Endpoints in NIDDM with the Angiotensin II Antagonist Losartan (RENAAL) trial of 1,513 patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy from 250 centers in 29 countries. (diabetesjournals.org)

CFHR5 nephropathy typically presents with haematuria (blood in the urine), usually in microscopic amounts, but 25-50% of patients report episodes in which there is visible blood in the urine (macroscopic haematuria), almost always at times of respiratory tract or other infections. (biologists.org)

IgA nephropathy accounts for about 10% of biopsies performed for glomerular disease in the United States. (medscape.com)
IgA nephropathy is observed in up to 40% of all biopsies performed for glomerular disease in Asia, compared with 20% in Europe and 10% in North America. (medscape.com)

Long-term renal survival and related risk factors in patients with IgA nephropathy: results from a cohort of 1155 cases in a Chinese adult population. (medscape.com)
IgA nephropathy often strikes in the teen or early adult years. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)

Henoch-Schönlein purpura ( HSP ), a systemic illness, has been closely linked to IgA nephropathy. (medscape.com)
There are other diseases associated with glomerular IgA deposits, the most common being IgA vasculitis (formerly known as Henoch-Schönlein purpura [HSP]), which is considered by many to be a systemic form of IgA nephropathy. (wikipedia.org)

This study will evaluate the effectiveness and toxic effects of immunosuppressive drug therapy in patients with membranous lupus nephropathy over a 12 month period. (bioportfolio.com)
This is a phase 2 trial to evaluate the effectiveness and toxicity of immunosuppressive drug therapy in patients with membranous lupus nephropathy over a 12 month study period. (bioportfolio.com)

In type 2 diabetes, microalbuminuria is associated with a 5-10% lifetime risk of progression to overt nephropathy, while patients with normoalbuminuria have a 10- to 20-fold lower risk. (diabetesjournals.org)

In IgA nephropathy renal symptoms are frequently preceded by episodes of upper respiratory tract infections and/or gastrointestinal infections, suggesting viruses as the etiology of this disease. (nii.ac.jp)
In many cases, people with IgA nephropathy remain stable, do not develop kidney failure, and are able to have their symptoms treated effectively. (shoppersdrugmart.ca)

Hereditary angiopathy with nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps (HANAC) syndrome is a genetic condition that causes blood vessels to become fragile. (nih.gov)

Dual tropism of HIV-1 envelopes derived from renal tubular epithelial cells of patients with HIV-associated nephropathy. (healthtap.com)

The aim of this study was to compare urinary alpha 1 microglobulin (A1MG) in healthy individuals with and without family burden for Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN) in an endemic village. (hindawi.com)
obstructive nephropathy nephropathy caused by obstruction of the urinary tract (usually the ureter), with hydronephrosis , slowing of the glomerular filtration rate , and tubular abnormalities. (thefreedictionary.com)
salt-losing nephropathy intrinsic renal disease causing abnormal urinary sodium loss in persons ingesting normal amounts of sodium chloride, with vomiting, dehydration, and vascular collapse. (thefreedictionary.com)
No serum or urinary biomarkers have been shown to aid in the diagnosis of AA-induced nephropathy. (medicalxpress.com)

The association of some cases of IgA nephropathy with syndromes that affect the respiratory tract or gastrointestinal tract, such as celiac disease, led to the suggestion that IgA nephropathy is a disease of the mucosal immune system. (medscape.com)
Many of the effects described here are related to the failure of the immune system in HIV and AIDS that is progressing. (healthline.com)

Other nephropathies related to viral factors include HIV-immune-complex kidney disease and thrombotic microangiopathy. (nature.com)
Acid uric : key player in a recently recognized devastating nephropathy and in the development of chronic kidney disease. (bioportfolio.com)
While parameters from single time points lacked predictive value, biochemical alterations in Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) and phosphorus were frequently identified longitudinally in the blood of ART-treated animals that developed evidence of nephropathy, and these longitudinal changes correlated with disease severity. (biomedcentral.com)
minimal change nephropathy minimal change disease . (thefreedictionary.com)
In this review, we discuss how studying CFHR5 nephropathy can contribute to our understanding of the role of complement in kidney diseases such as dense deposit disease, C3 glomerulonephritis and atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome. (biologists.org)
In this review, we first discuss how the features of CFHR5 nephropathy relate to our current understanding of complement regulation and its role in kidney disease. (biologists.org)
Autoimmune diabetes (AID) is a life-threatening metabolic disease that is initiated and progresses through a complex interplay of environmental, genetic, and immune factors. (hindawi.com)
In patients and animal models of AID, at disease onset, leukocytes infiltrate into the pancreatic islets [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
In 1984, he described for the first time renal disease in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). (wikipedia.org)
Most patients diagnosed with AA-induced nephropathy showed an unusually rapid progression toward end-stage renal disease. (medicalxpress.com)
Left ventricular hypertrophy, an important component of hypertensive heart disease, can be diagnosed by echocardiography and with the aid of new electrocardiographic indices. (biomedsearch.com)

Hello - when a provider diagnoses hypertension with manifestations of nephropathy, what are the appropriate codes? (aapc.com)

Anatomy20

Organisms12

Diseases60

Chemicals and Drugs85

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment48

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science5

Named Groups2

Health Care16

Geographicals3

HIV-associated nephropathy is a late, not early, manifestation of HIV-1 infection. (1/170)

Up-regulation of Duffy antigen receptor expression in children with renal disease. (2/170)

Hepatitis C virus-associated glomerular disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus coinfection. (3/170)

Renal lesions in AIDS: a biopsy and autopsy study. (4/170)

Renal lesions associated with AIDS--an autopsy study. (5/170)

Chemokine receptor CCR5 and CXCR4 expression in HIV-associated kidney disease. (6/170)

Diuretic MAG3 scintirenography in children with HIV nephropathy: diffuse parenchymal dysfunction. (7/170)

Podocyte cell cycle regulation and proliferation in collapsing glomerulopathies. (8/170)

Diabetic Nephropathies

AIDS-Associated Nephropathy

Glomerulonephritis, Membranous

Kidney Diseases

Proteinuria

Kidney

Kidney Glomerulus

Albuminuria

Podocytes

Creatinine

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Kidney Failure, Chronic

Mesangial Cells

Receptors, Phospholipase A2

Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental

Glomerular Mesangium

Polyomavirus Infections

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental

Kidney Tubules

Glomerulonephritis

Immunoglobulin A

Nephritis, Interstitial

Nephrotic Syndrome

Aristolochic Acids

Biopsy

Nephrosis, Lipoid

Disease Progression

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Kidney Transplantation

Hematuria

Phenacetin

Kidney Function Tests

Ureteral Obstruction

Contrast Media

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Fibrosis

Collagen Type IV

Renal Insufficiency

Aristolochia

Nephritis

Glycosylation End Products, Advanced

Triiodobenzoic Acids

Renin-Angiotensin System

Transforming Growth Factor beta1

Uromodulin

Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetic Angiopathies

Streptozocin

Alpha-Globulins

Immunosuppressive Agents

Sodium Bicarbonate

First Aid

Acute Kidney Injury

Disease Models, Animal

Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers

Biological Markers

Time Factors

Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch

Kidney Papillary Necrosis

Glomerular Basement Membrane

Blood Pressure

Risk Factors

Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative

Tonsillectomy

Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A

Transforming Growth Factor beta

Kidney Tubules, Proximal

Retrospective Studies

Diabetic Neuropathies

Case-Control Studies

Losartan

Treatment Outcome

Antihypertensive Agents

Genetic Predisposition to Disease

Immunohistochemistry

Kidney Cortex

Hypertension, Renal

Hemoglobin A, Glycosylated