Agriculture: The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.United States Department of Agriculture: A cabinet department in the Executive Branch of the United States Government concerned with improving and maintaining farm income and developing and expanding markets for agricultural products. Through inspection and grading services it safeguards and insures standards of quality in food supply and production.Crops, Agricultural: Cultivated plants or agricultural produce such as grain, vegetables, or fruit. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982)Agricultural Workers' Diseases: Diseases in persons engaged in cultivating and tilling soil, growing plants, harvesting crops, raising livestock, or otherwise engaged in husbandry and farming. The diseases are not restricted to farmers in the sense of those who perform conventional farm chores: the heading applies also to those engaged in the individual activities named above, as in those only gathering harvest or in those only dusting crops.Food Supply: The production and movement of food items from point of origin to use or consumption.Fertilizers: Substances or mixtures that are added to the soil to supply nutrients or to make available nutrients already present in the soil, in order to increase plant growth and productivity.Conservation of Natural Resources: The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.History, Ancient: The period of history before 500 of the common era.Archaeology: The scientific study of past societies through artifacts, fossils, etc.Animal Husbandry: The science of breeding, feeding and care of domestic animals; includes housing and nutrition.Pesticides: Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc.Animals, Domestic: Animals which have become adapted through breeding in captivity to a life intimately associated with humans. They include animals domesticated by humans to live and breed in a tame condition on farms or ranches for economic reasons, including LIVESTOCK (specifically CATTLE; SHEEP; HORSES; etc.), POULTRY; and those raised or kept for pleasure and companionship, e.g., PETS; or specifically DOGS; CATS; etc.Chemistry, Agricultural: The science of the chemical composition and reactions of chemicals involved in the production, protection and use of crops and livestock. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Forestry: The science of developing, caring for, or cultivating forests.Soil: The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.Environmental Pollution: Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.Organic Agriculture: Systems of agriculture which adhere to nationally regulated standards that restrict the use of pesticides, non-organic fertilizers, genetic engineering, growth hormones, irradiation, antibiotics, and non-organic ANIMAL FEED.Pest Control: The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous plants, insects, or other animals. This includes control of plants that serve as habitats or food sources for animal pests.Animal Welfare: The protection of animals in laboratories or other specific environments by promoting their health through better nutrition, housing, and care.Technology, Industry, and AgricultureEcosystem: A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Agrochemicals: Chemicals used in agriculture. These include pesticides, fumigants, fertilizers, plant hormones, steroids, antibiotics, mycotoxins, etc.Plants, Edible: An organism of the vegetable kingdom suitable by nature for use as a food, especially by human beings. Not all parts of any given plant are edible but all parts of edible plants have been known to figure as raw or cooked food: leaves, roots, tubers, stems, seeds, buds, fruits, and flowers. The most commonly edible parts of plants are FRUIT, usually sweet, fleshy, and succulent. Most edible plants are commonly cultivated for their nutritional value and are referred to as VEGETABLES.Agricultural Irrigation: The routing of water to open or closed areas where it is used for agricultural purposes.Manure: Accumulations of solid or liquid animal excreta usually from stables and barnyards with or without litter material. Its chief application is as a fertilizer. (From Webster's 3d ed)Livestock: Domesticated farm animals raised for home use or profit but excluding POULTRY. Typically livestock includes CATTLE; SHEEP; HORSES; SWINE; GOATS; and others.Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals.Accidents, Occupational: Unforeseen occurrences, especially injuries in the course of work-related activities.Greenhouse Effect: The effect of GLOBAL WARMING and the resulting increase in world temperatures. The predicted health effects of such long-term climatic change include increased incidence of respiratory, water-borne, and vector-borne diseases.Eutrophication: The enrichment of a terrestrial or aquatic ECOSYSTEM by the addition of nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, that results in a superabundant growth of plants, ALGAE, or other primary producers. It can be a natural process or result from human activity such as agriculture runoff or sewage pollution. In aquatic ecosystems, an increase in the algae population is termed an algal bloom.Conservation of Energy Resources: Planned management, use, and preservation of energy resources.Trees: Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.Botany: The study of the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of plants.Environmental Monitoring: The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.Herbicides: Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.Climate: The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Environment: The external elements and conditions which surround, influence, and affect the life and development of an organism or population.Climate Change: Any significant change in measures of climate (such as temperature, precipitation, or wind) lasting for an extended period (decades or longer). It may result from natural factors such as changes in the sun's intensity, natural processes within the climate system such as changes in ocean circulation, or human activities.Fossil Fuels: Any combustible hydrocarbon deposit formed from the remains of prehistoric organisms. Examples are petroleum, coal, and natural gas.Nitrogen: An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.Food Industry: The industry concerned with processing, preparing, preserving, distributing, and serving of foods and beverages.Human Activities: Activities performed by humans.Insecticides: Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.Biological Control Agents: Organisms, biological agents, or biologically-derived agents used strategically for their positive or adverse effect on the physiology and/or reproductive health of other organisms.Herbicide Resistance: Diminished or failed response of PLANTS to HERBICIDES.Water Supply: Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)United StatesBiotechnology: Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., GENETIC ENGINEERING) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include TRANSFECTION and CLONING technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction.Population Growth: Increase, over a specific period of time, in the number of individuals living in a country or region.Pesticide Residues: Pesticides or their breakdown products remaining in the environment following their normal use or accidental contamination.Tropical Climate: A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Biodiversity: The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.Food Safety: Activities involved in ensuring the safety of FOOD including avoidance of bacterial and other contamination.United Nations: An international organization whose members include most of the sovereign nations of the world with headquarters in New York City. The primary objectives of the organization are to maintain peace and security and to achieve international cooperation in solving international economic, social, cultural, or humanitarian problems.Geography: The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)Food Analysis: Measurement and evaluation of the components of substances to be taken as FOOD.Coffea: A plant genus of the family RUBIACEAE. It is best known for the COFFEE beverage prepared from the beans (SEEDS).Food: Any substances taken in by the body that provide nourishment.Cultural Evolution: The continuous developmental process of a culture from simple to complex forms and from homogeneous to heterogeneous qualities.Ethics, Professional: The principles of proper conduct concerning the rights and duties of the professional, relations with patients or consumers and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the professional and interpersonal relations with patient or consumer families. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Public Policy: A course or method of action selected, usually by a government, from among alternatives to guide and determine present and future decisions.Rivers: Large natural streams of FRESH WATER formed by converging tributaries and which empty into a body of water (lake or ocean).Ethology: The discipline pertaining to the study of animal behavior.Food, Genetically Modified: Food derived from genetically modified organisms (ORGANISMS, GENETICALLY MODIFIED).Education, Veterinary: Use for general articles concerning veterinary medical education.History, 19th Century: Time period from 1801 through 1900 of the common era.Occupational Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.Environmental Policy: A course of action or principle adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or individual that concerns human interactions with nature and natural resources.Nutrition Policy: Guidelines and objectives pertaining to food supply and nutrition including recommendations for healthy diet.Government Agencies: Administrative units of government responsible for policy making and management of governmental activities.Pest Control, Biological: Use of naturally-occuring or genetically-engineered organisms to reduce or eliminate populations of pests.Industry: Any enterprise centered on the processing, assembly, production, or marketing of a line of products, services, commodities, or merchandise, in a particular field often named after its principal product. Examples include the automobile, fishing, music, publishing, insurance, and textile industries.Gardening: Cultivation of PLANTS; (FRUIT; VEGETABLES; MEDICINAL HERBS) on small plots of ground or in containers.Refuse Disposal: The discarding or destroying of garbage, sewage, or other waste matter or its transformation into something useful or innocuous.Social Planning: Interactional process combining investigation, discussion, and agreement by a number of people in the preparation and carrying out of a program to ameliorate conditions of need or social pathology in the community. It usually involves the action of a formal political, legal, or recognized voluntary body.Food Contamination: The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.Plant Weeds: A plant growing in a location where it is not wanted, often competing with cultivated plants.History, 15th Century: Time period from 1401 through 1500 of the common era.Legislation, Food: Laws and regulations concerned with industrial processing and marketing of foods.Paternal Exposure: Exposure of the male parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring.Technology: The application of scientific knowledge to practical purposes in any field. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation.Biomass: Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.Electronic Nose: A device used to detect airborne odors, gases, flavors, volatile substances or vapors.Water Movements: The flow of water in enviromental bodies of water such as rivers, oceans, water supplies, aquariums, etc. It includes currents, tides, and waves.Zoonoses: Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.Zea mays: A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.Seasons: Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)Water Pollution: Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)History, 20th Century: Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.Rain: Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.Plants, Genetically Modified: PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.Population Dynamics: The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.Droughts: Prolonged dry periods in natural climate cycle. They are slow-onset phenomena caused by rainfall deficit combined with other predisposing factors.Hydrology: Science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water on and below the earth's surface, and atmosphere.Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Plant Diseases: Diseases of plants.Food Inspection: Examination of foods to assure wholesome and clean products free from unsafe microbes or chemical contamination, natural or added deleterious substances, and decomposition during production, processing, packaging, etc.Urban Renewal: The planned upgrading of a deteriorating urban area, involving rebuilding, renovation, or restoration. It frequently refers to programs of major demolition and rebuilding of blighted areas.Research: Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)Water Quality: A rating of a body of water based on measurable physical, chemical, and biological characteristics.Seeds: The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.Health Food: A non-medical term defined by the lay public as a food that has little or no preservatives, which has not undergone major processing, enrichment or refinement and which may be grown without pesticides. (from Segen, The Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Plants: Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.Urbanization: The process whereby a society changes from a rural to an urban way of life. It refers also to the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.Waste Management: Disposal, processing, controlling, recycling, and reusing the solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes of plants, animals, humans, and other organisms. It includes control within a closed ecological system to maintain a habitable environment.History, 17th Century: Time period from 1601 through 1700 of the common era.Fresh Water: Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.Agricultural Inoculants: Beneficial microorganisms (bacteria or fungi) encapsulated in carrier material and applied to the environment for remediation and enhancement of agricultural productivity.Soil Pollutants: Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.Wetlands: Environments or habitats at the interface between truly terrestrial ecosystems and truly aquatic systems making them different from each yet highly dependent on both. Adaptations to low soil oxygen characterize many wetland species.Plant Roots: The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)Fungicides, Industrial: Chemicals that kill or inhibit the growth of fungi in agricultural applications, on wood, plastics, or other materials, in swimming pools, etc.Economics: The science of utilization, distribution, and consumption of services and materials.Nutritional Physiological Phenomena: The processes and properties of living organisms by which they take in and balance the use of nutritive materials for energy, heat production, or building material for the growth, maintenance, or repair of tissues and the nutritive properties of FOOD.General Adaptation Syndrome: The sum of all nonspecific systemic reactions of the body to long-continued exposure to systemic stress.Rural Population: The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.Ecology: The branch of science concerned with the interrelationship of organisms and their ENVIRONMENT, especially as manifested by natural cycles and rhythms, community development and structure, interactions between different kinds of organisms, geographic distributions, and population alterations. (Webster's, 3d ed)Energy-Generating Resources: Materials or phenomena which can provide energy directly or via conversion.Biofuels: Hydrocarbon-rich byproducts from the non-fossilized BIOMASS that are combusted to generate energy as opposed to fossilized hydrocarbon deposits (FOSSIL FUELS).Parakeratosis: Persistence of the nuclei of the keratinocytes into the stratum corneum of the skin. This is a normal state only in the epithelium of true mucous membranes in the mouth and vagina. (Dorland, 27th ed)History, 18th Century: Time period from 1701 through 1800 of the common era.Phylogeny: The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.Water Pollutants, Chemical: Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.Public Health: Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.Water Pollution, Chemical: Adverse effect upon bodies of water (LAKES; RIVERS; seas; groundwater etc.) caused by CHEMICAL WATER POLLUTANTS.Models, Theoretical: Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.Food Quality: Ratings of the characteristics of food including flavor, appearance, nutritional content, and the amount of microbial and chemical contamination.Ethics: The philosophy or code pertaining to what is ideal in human character and conduct. Also, the field of study dealing with the principles of morality.Commerce: The interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale, between different countries or between populations within the same country. It includes trade (the buying, selling, or exchanging of commodities, whether wholesale or retail) and business (the purchase and sale of goods to make a profit). (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, p411, p2005 & p283)MontanaTheology: The study of religion and religious belief, or a particular system or school of religious beliefs and teachings (from online Cambridge Dictionary of American English, 2000 and WordNet: An Electronic Lexical Database, 1997)Pathology, Veterinary: The field of veterinary medicine concerned with the causes of and changes produced in the body by disease.Cereals: Seeds from grasses (POACEAE) which are important in the diet.Foodborne Diseases: Acute illnesses, usually affecting the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, brought on by consuming contaminated food or beverages. Most of these diseases are infectious, caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, or parasites that can be foodborne. Sometimes the diseases are caused by harmful toxins from the microbes or other chemicals present in the food. Especially in the latter case, the condition is often called food poisoning.Chlorpyrifos: An organothiophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as an insecticide and as an acaricide.Phosphorus: A non-metal element that has the atomic symbol P, atomic number 15, and atomic weight 31. It is an essential element that takes part in a broad variety of biochemical reactions.Nutritional Sciences: The study of NUTRITION PROCESSES as well as the components of food, their actions, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease.Ecological Systems, Closed: Systems that provide for the maintenance of life in an isolated living chamber through reutilization of the material available, in particular, by means of a cycle wherein exhaled carbon dioxide, urine, and other waste matter are converted chemically or by photosynthesis into oxygen, water, and food. (NASA Thesaurus, 1988)Dimethoate: An organothiophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor that is used as a systemic and contact insecticide.History, 21st Century: Time period from 2001 through 2100 of the common era.Poaceae: A large family of narrow-leaved herbaceous grasses of the order Cyperales, subclass Commelinidae, class Liliopsida (monocotyledons). Food grains (EDIBLE GRAIN) come from members of this family. RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL can be induced by POLLEN of many of the grasses.Insect Control: The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous insects through chemical, biological, or other means.Insects: The class Insecta, in the phylum ARTHROPODA, whose members are characterized by division into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. They are the dominant group of animals on earth; several hundred thousand different kinds having been described. Three orders, HEMIPTERA; DIPTERA; and SIPHONAPTERA; are of medical interest in that they cause disease in humans and animals. (From Borror et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p1)Policy: A course or method of action selected to guide and determine present and future decisions.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Nitrogen Cycle: The circulation of nitrogen in nature, consisting of a cycle of biochemical reactions in which atmospheric nitrogen is compounded, dissolved in rain, and deposited in the soil, where it is assimilated and metabolized by bacteria and plants, eventually returning to the atmosphere by bacterial decomposition of organic matter.Cucurbita: A plant genus of the family CUCURBITACEAE, order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, which includes pumpkin, gourd and squash.Breeding: The production of offspring by selective mating or HYBRIDIZATION, GENETIC in animals or plants.Aquaculture: Cultivation of natural faunal resources of water. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Mediterranean Region: The MEDITERRANEAN SEA, the MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS, and the countries bordering on the sea collectively.Triticum: A plant genus of the family POACEAE that is the source of EDIBLE GRAIN. A hybrid with rye (SECALE CEREALE) is called TRITICALE. The seed is ground into FLOUR and used to make BREAD, and is the source of WHEAT GERM AGGLUTININS.Fruit: The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.Chromosomes, Human, Y: The human male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in humans.Public Health Surveillance: The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data with the purpose of preventing or controlling disease or injury, or of identifying unusual events of public health importance, followed by the dissemination and use of information for public health action. (From Am J Prev Med 2011;41(6):636)Demography: Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.Nutritive Value: An indication of the contribution of a food to the nutrient content of the diet. This value depends on the quantity of a food which is digested and absorbed and the amounts of the essential nutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrate, minerals, vitamins) which it contains. This value can be affected by soil and growing conditions, handling and storage, and processing.Soil Microbiology: The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the soil. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.Meat: The edible portions of any animal used for food including domestic mammals (the major ones being cattle, swine, and sheep) along with poultry, fish, shellfish, and game.Salt-Tolerant Plants: Plants that can grow well in soils that have a high SALINITY.Poultry: Domesticated birds raised for food. It typically includes CHICKENS; TURKEYS, DUCKS; GEESE; and others.Oryza sativa: Annual cereal grass of the family POACEAE and its edible starchy grain, rice, which is the staple food of roughly one-half of the world's population.Colocasia: A plant genus of the family ARACEAE. Members contain acrid calcium oxalate and LECTINS. Polynesians prepare the root into poi. Common names of Taro and Coco Yam (Cocoyam) may be confused with other ARACEAE; XANTHOSOMA; or with common yam (DIOSCOREA).Developing Countries: Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.Africa, Northern: The geographical area of Africa comprising ALGERIA; EGYPT; LIBYA; MOROCCO; and TUNISIA. It includes also the vast deserts and oases of the Sahara. It is often referred to as North Africa, French-speaking Africa, or the Maghreb. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p856)Nitrates: Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.Occupational Injuries: Injuries sustained from incidents in the course of work-related activities.Fungi: A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.Vicia: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that is widely used as ground cover and forage and known for the edible beans, VICIA FABA.Genetic Variation: Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.): An institute of the CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION which is responsible for assuring safe and healthful working conditions and for developing standards of safety and health. Research activities are carried out pertinent to these goals.Food Services: Functions, equipment, and facilities concerned with the preparation and distribution of ready-to-eat food.Food Technology: The application of knowledge to the food industry.KansasEuropePlant Leaves: Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)International Cooperation: The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in the pursuit of a common goal or interest.Consumer Product SafetyCarbon Sequestration: Any of several processes for the permanent or long-term artificial or natural capture or removal and storage of carbon dioxide and other forms of carbon, through biological, chemical or physical processes, in a manner that prevents it from being released into the atmosphere.Global Warming: Increase in the temperature of the atmosphere near the Earth's surface and in the troposphere, which can contribute to changes in global climate patterns.Occupational Health: The promotion and maintenance of physical and mental health in the work environment.Insecticide Resistance: The development by insects of resistance to insecticides.Animals, Wild: Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which ANIMALS, ZOO is available.Endophytes: An endosymbiont that is either a bacterium or fungus living part of its life in a plant. Endophytes can benefit host plants by preventing pathogenic organisms from colonizing them.Animal DiseasesBrazilPopulation Density: Number of individuals in a population relative to space.Diet Surveys: Systematic collections of factual data pertaining to the diet of a human population within a given geographic area.Plant Development: Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another.Salinity: Degree of saltiness, which is largely the OSMOLAR CONCENTRATION of SODIUM CHLORIDE plus any other SALTS present. It is an ecological factor of considerable importance, influencing the types of organisms that live in an ENVIRONMENT.Arecaceae: The palm family of order Arecales, subclass Arecidae, class Liliopsida.Crop, Avian: A thin-walled distention of the alimentary tract protruding just outside the body cavity in the distal end of the neck (esophagus), used for the temporary storage of food and water.Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)Rabies Vaccines: Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent and treat RABIES. The inactivated virus vaccine is used for preexposure immunization to persons at high risk of exposure, and in conjunction with rabies immunoglobulin, for postexposure prophylaxis.Organophosphate Poisoning: Poisoning due to exposure to ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS, such as ORGANOPHOSPHATES; ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHATES; and ORGANOTHIOPHOSPHONATES.Genetic Engineering: Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.Water: A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Spatial Analysis: Techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties.VietnamDrug Residues: Drugs and their metabolites which are found in the edible tissues and milk of animals after their medication with specific drugs. This term can also apply to drugs found in adipose tissue of humans after drug treatment.Spatio-Temporal Analysis: Techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties and include the dimension of time in the analysis.Symbiosis: The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.
Personal exposure to dust, endotoxin and crystalline silica in California agriculture. (1/3155)
AIMS: The aim of this study was to measure personal exposure to dust, endotoxin and crystalline silica during various agricultural operations in California over a period of one year. METHODS: Ten farms were randomly selected in Yolo and Solano counties and workers were invited to wear personal sampling equipment to measure inhalable and respirable dust levels during various operations. The samples were analysed for endotoxin using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay and crystalline silica content using X-ray diffraction. In total 142 inhalable samples and 144 respirable samples were collected. RESULTS: The measurements showed considerable difference in exposure levels between various operations, in particular for the inhalable fraction of the dust and the endotoxin. Machine harvesting of tree crops (Geometric mean (GM) = 45.1 mg/m3) and vegetables (GM = 7.9 mg/m3), and cleaning of poultry houses (GM = 6.7 mg/m3) showed the highest inhalable dust levels. Cleaning of poultry houses also showed the highest inhalable endotoxin levels (GM = 1861 EU/m3). Respirable dust levels were generally low, except for machine harvesting of tree crops (GM = 2.8 mg/m3) and vegetables (GM = 0.9 mg/m3). Respirable endotoxin levels were also low. For the inhalable dust fraction, levels were reduced considerably when an enclosed cabin was present. The percentage of crystalline silica was overall higher in the respirable dust samples than the inhalable dust samples. CONCLUSIONS: Considerable differences exist in personal exposure levels to dust, endotoxin and crystalline silica during various agricultural operations in California agriculture with some operations showing very high levels. (+info)Mechanical maceration of alfalfa. (2/3155)
Maceration is an intensive forage-conditioning process that can increase field drying rates by as much as 300%. Because maceration shreds the forage and reduces its rigidity, improvements in bulk density, silage compaction, and ensiling characteristics have been observed. Macerating forage also increases the surface area available for microbial attachment in the rumen, thereby increasing forage digestibility and animal performance. Feeding trials with sheep have shown increases in DMI of 5 to 31% and increases in DM digestibility of from 14 to 16 percentage units. Lactation studies have demonstrated increases in milk production and BW gain for lactating Holstein cows; however, there is a consistent decrease in milk fat percentage when dairy cattle are fed macerated forage. In vitro studies have shown that maceration decreases lag time associated with NDF digestion and increases rate of NDF digestion. In situ digestibility studies have shown that maceration increases the size of the instantly soluble DM pool and decreases lag time associated with NDF digestion, but it may not consistently alter the rate or extent of DM and NDF digestion. (+info)Cancer mortality in agricultural regions of Minnesota. (3/3155)
Because of its unique geology, Minnesota can be divided into four agricultural regions: south-central region one (corn, soybeans); west-central region two (wheat, corn, soybeans); northwest region three (wheat, sugar beets, potatoes); and northeast region four (forested and urban in character). Cancer mortality (1980-1989) in agricultural regions one, two, and three was compared to region four. Using data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics, cancer mortality was summarized by 5-year age groups, sex, race, and county. Age-standardized mortality rate ratios were calculated for white males and females for all ages combined, and for children aged 0-14. Increased mortality rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were observed for the following cancer sites: region one--lip (men), standardized rate ratio (SRR) = 2.70 (CI, 1.08-6.71); nasopharynx (women), SRR = 3.35 (CI, 1.20-9.31); region two--non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (women), SRR = 1.35 (CI, 1.09-1.66); and region three--prostate (men), SRR = 1.12 (CI, 1.00-1.26); thyroid (men), SRR = 2.95 (CI, 1.35-6.44); bone (men), SRR = 2.09 (CI, 1. 00-4.34); eye (women), SRR = 5.77 (CI, 1.90-17.50). Deficits of smoking-related cancers were noted. Excess cancers reported are consistent with earlier reports of agriculturally related cancers in the midwestern United States. However, reports on thyroid and bone cancer in association with agricultural pesticides are few in number. The highest use of fungicides occurs in region three. Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates, whose metabolite is a known cause of thyroid cancer in rats, are frequently applied. This report provides a rationale for evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of this suspect agent in humans. (+info)Organic: What's in a name? (4/3155)
The organic foods industry is booming: by one estimate, the market for organic foods is worth $4 billion annually and is expected to grow at a rate of more than 24% per year. Faced with the threat of pesticide exposures and other food safety problems, many consumers are turning to organic foods in hopes of finding a healthy alternative, but there is currently no consistency in organic food labeling and no guarantee that foods labeled as organic are actually grown and processed in a purely organic fashion. There is also controversy about whether the label "organic" covers such new technologies as irradiation and genetic engineering. As part of the 1990 Farm Bill, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is working to develop a proposed rule on organic foods. The rule would regulate the allowable methods, practices, and substances used in producing and handling crops and their processed products. The first draft of the proposed rule, released in December 1997, met with unprecedented opposition, which centered around the fact that the proposal appeared to virtually ignore the recommendations of a standards board formed to assist in the rule's development. Other criticism opposed three practices put forward for comment by the USDA: irradiation, genetic engineering, and the use of sewage sludge in farming. Due to the vehemence of the opposition to its original proposal, the USDA has decided to rewrite the proposed rule. In preparation for that proposal, the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service released three issue papers in October 1998 for public comment. The 10,000-plus comments received in response to those papers will be incorporated into the second draft proposal, due out later this year. (+info)Farm worker illness following exposure to carbofuran and other pesticides--Fresno County California, 1998. (5/3155)
In California, suspected pesticide-related illnesses and suspected work-related illnesses and injuries are reportable conditions. On July 31, 1998, the Occupational Health Branch of the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) received a report from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) of a pesticide exposure incident in Fresno County involving 34 farm workers. CDHS investigated this incident by reviewing medical records of the 34 workers and interviewing 29. The findings indicated that the workers became ill after early reentry into a cotton field that had been sprayed with a cholinesterase-inhibiting carbamate pesticides (+info)Caregiver behaviors and resources influence child height-for-age in rural Chad. (6/3155)
The purpose of this study was to identify caregiver characteristics that influence child nutritional status in rural Chad, when controlling for socioeconomic factors. Variables were classified according to the categories of a UNICEF model of care: caregiving behaviors, household food security, food and economic resources and resources for care and health resources. Sixty-four households with 98 children from ages 12 to 71 mo were part of this study. Caregivers were interviewed to collect information on number of pregnancies, child feeding and health practices, influence on decisions regarding child health and feeding, overall satisfaction with life, social support, workload, income, use of income, and household food expenditures and consumption. Household heads were questioned about household food production and other economic resources. Caregiver and household variables were classified as two sets of variables, and separate regression models were run for each of the two sets. Significant predictors of height-for-age were then combined in the same regression model. Caregiver influence on child-feeding decisions, level of satisfaction with life, willingness to seek advice during child illnesses, and the number of individuals available to assist with domestic tasks were the caregiver factors associated with children's height-for-age. Socioeconomic factors associated with children's height-for-age were the amount of harvested cereals, the sources of household income and the household being monogamous. When the caregiver and household socioeconomic factors were combined in the same model, they explained 54% of the variance in children's height-for-age, and their regression coefficients did not change or only slightly increased, except for caregiver's propensity to seek advice during child illnesses, which was no longer significant. These results indicate that caregiver characteristics influence children's nutritional status, even while controlling for the socioeconomic status of the household. (+info)Water pollution and human health in China. (7/3155)
China's extraordinary economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization, coupled with inadequate investment in basic water supply and treatment infrastructure, have resulted in widespread water pollution. In China today approximately 700 million people--over half the population--consume drinking water contaminated with levels of animal and human excreta that exceed maximum permissible levels by as much as 86% in rural areas and 28% in urban areas. By the year 2000, the volume of wastewater produced could double from 1990 levels to almost 78 billion tons. These are alarming trends with potentially serious consequences for human health. This paper reviews and analyzes recent Chinese reports on public health and water resources to shed light on what recent trends imply for China's environmental risk transition. This paper has two major conclusions. First, the critical deficits in basic water supply and sewage treatment infrastructure have increased the risk of exposure to infectious and parasitic disease and to a growing volume of industrial chemicals, heavy metals, and algal toxins. Second, the lack of coordination between environmental and public health objectives, a complex and fragmented system to manage water resources, and the general treatment of water as a common property resource mean that the water quality and quantity problems observed as well as the health threats identified are likely to become more acute. (+info)Predictors of crop diversification: a survey of tobacco farmers in North Carolina (USA). (8/3155)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the attitudes and behaviours of North Carolina tobacco farmers around crop diversification. DESIGN: Cross-sectional telephone survey. PARTICIPANTS: Active tobacco farmers in 14 North Carolina counties (n = 1236), interviewed between January and April 1997 (91% response rate). OUTCOME MEASURES: Interest in, experience with, and perceived barriers to diversification. RESULTS: Most farmers (95%) grew/raised a commodity other than tobacco (mean = 2.8). A total of 60% of farmers expressed interest in trying other on-farm activities to supplement their tobacco and 60% reported taking action in the past year around supplementation. Younger age and college education were positively associated with interest. College education, off-farm income, and larger farm size were associated with the number of actions taken. For perceived external barriers to diversification, use of tobacco, percent income from tobacco, lack of college education, and younger age were most strongly associated with the number of barriers. For internal barriers (personal factors), percent income from tobacco, use of tobacco, and lack of college education were most strongly associated with the number of barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Most farmers were involved in diverse operations and expressed interest in continuing to diversify, although the breadth of diversification was narrow. Farmers noted many barriers to diversifying. If conventional production and marketing techniques are employed for non-tobacco alternatives, these alternatives may not provide the sustainable profitability that tobacco has afforded. Competition from foreign tobacco growers is the primary threat to the future of American growers and tobacco dependent communities. (+info)Agriculture. Industry. And the central panels by the doorway representing Construction, Destruction and Reconstruction. ...
Dairy farming is the first agriculture sector of the kibbutz, beginning already in 1938 with the move to the kibbutz's current ... The secondary component and historically the center of the kibbutz life is the agriculture, which employs 20 members of the ... In the local market, Mivrag supplies agriculture, industrial, high-tech and wholesale companies. In the worldwide market, ... "Agriculture". Ein HaShofet website. "Mivrag". Mivrag's Hebrew website. "History". Mivrag's hebrew website. "Company Profile". ...
Agriculture. Vineyards around the village produce Côtes du Ventoux AOC wine. Other productions are olive oil, cherries and ...
One main issue that arises out of intensive animal agriculture is the waste that the huge number of animals in a small space ... The Agriculture and Consumer Health Department has stated explicitly that the "main direct environmental impact of pig ... "Agriculture". www.epa.gov. Retrieved 2017-04-23. Johnson, Andrew (1991). Factory Farming. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. "Exclusive ... Raleigh, NC:North Carolina Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services/National Agricultural Statistics Service, U.S. ...
Agriculture; Economic Affairs and Foreign Affairs. In 1984 he proposed the inclusion of subsidiarity in the Draft Treaty on ...
... agriculture; forests; fish; wildlife and natural ecosystems; materials such as metals, wood, paint and masonry; and public ... secretarial officers of the Department's of Agriculture, Energy and Interior; and the Chairman of the Council on Environmental ...
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The GeoBase SPOT 4 and SPOT 5 orthoimagery can be used in a wide variety of applications including: mapping; agriculture; ... Federal Agencies Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Canadian Transport Agency; Elections Canada; Environment Canada; Fisheries ...
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The greatest number of common labourers were employed in agriculture: in the Italian system of industrial farming (latifundia ... agriculture; and mining. Convicts provided much of the labour in the mines or quarries, where conditions were notoriously ... as well as an accounting of property he owned that was suitable for agriculture or habitation. A major source of indirect-tax ...
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Nagalapuram makes its economy to be solely dependent agriculture. Sugarcane and Plantain (Banana) are cultivated on a large ... Agriculture. Government of Tamil Nadu. State Transport Authority. Thoothukudi corporation Thoothukudi District. ...
"Agriculture". A Country Study: Ethiopia (Thomas P. Ofcansky and LaVerle Berry, editors). Library of Congress Federal Research ...
Thompson, Paul B (2014). "agriculture". In John, Barry. International Encyclopedia of Environmental Politics. Routledge. p. 8. ...
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"Agriculture and livestock account for about 21% of the economy". The list of agriculture and livestock is very abundant due to ... Without the agriculture business, Navolato, Sinaloa would not be the agricultural power on the map today. Navolato became part ... "Nations Encyclopedia." Agriculture. 7 Oct. 2008 . "Tricar Sinaloa." Sinaloa. 07 Oct. 2008 . "Valente Del Real." Portal Grupero ... Navolato is so famous for their agriculture, Navolato would be expected to produce and export their product in a timely manner ...
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Agricultures greenhouse gas emissions on the rise. Detailed assessments of both emissions data and mitigation options needed ... The new FAO data also provide a detailed view of emissions from energy use in the agriculture sector generated from traditional ... Agriculture, forestry and other land use activities emit more than 10 billion tonnes of greenhouse gases. ... This is the first time that FAO has released its own global estimates of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture, ...
Influenza Education Among Youth in AgricultureExternal. website. *Influenza Education Among Youth in Agriculture Resource ... The Youth in Agriculture program provides a sustainable and adaptable model in public health education that can be used in ... The Youth in Agriculture programs ongoing work focuses on strengthening evaluation efforts, as well as identifying ways to ... Minnesota, now in its second grant cycle, has been heavily involved in the Youth in Agriculture program. Minnesota state ...
A new report shows that organic agriculture can feed the world -- while net yields are lower than conventional, organic ... with then U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Earl Butz.. "Before we go back to organic agriculture in this country, somebody must ... Organic Agriculture Can Feed the World Despite Lower Yields, New Research Finds. August 17, 2016. by Emily Monaco ... Today, organic agriculture occupies only one percent of global agricultural land.. Related on Organic Authority. Organic Food ...
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Eco-friendly AgriNesture buildings promote agriculture and job growth in Vietnam. *by Lucy Wang ... Although the majority of Vietnams population relies on agriculture, rapid industrialization and a skyrocketing... ...
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2016). "Urban Agriculture: Urban agriculture, positive impact" My Green Hobby *^ Whats the Real Cost of Raising Backyard ... Urban Agriculture.. *^ "CONFLICTS, CONTESTATION, AND MARGINALIZATION IN URBAN AGRICULTURE: EXPERIENCES FROM KUWADZANA EXTENSION ... The Urban Agriculture Network has defined urban agriculture as:[11] [A]n industry that produces, processes, and markets food, ... "Localising Food Production: Urban Agriculture in Australia". 2015-05-27.. *^ Food and Agriculture Organization of the United ...
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We are fast approaching a tipping point in terms of climate disruption, degenerative agriculture, deteriorating public health, ... Man Who Wrote the Book on Regenerative Agriculture Says Conservation is the Fifth Ag Revolution ... according to new data released last month by Vermonts Agency of Agriculture, Food and Markets. ...
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Agriculture workers who interact with new technologies. Surveillance research. G. Non-fatal injuries. Explore sources for non- ... Agriculture subsector. Basic/etiologic. F. Fatal and non-fatal injuries. Codes and other methods needed to identify robot- ... According to several studies, farm machinery is a leading source of fatalities and injuries in agriculture accounting for 23-50 ... NIOSH [2014]. Workplace safety and health topics: agriculture. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, ...
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OECD Home Russian FederationBy TopicAgriculture and fisheries Agriculture and fisheries. ... Data on government support to agriculture in the OECD area and other major economies, measured by the Producer Support Estimate ...
... according to a report by the World Bank and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). ... Despite the role and impact of women in African agriculture, theres still an unsettling disparity in the support they receive ... Women represent 93.5% of Soro Yiriwasos borrowers, while two thirds of its loan portfolio goes to agriculture. Between 2010 ... In their book Transforming Gender Relations in Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa: Promising Approaches, authors Marion Davis, ...
Other articles where Farm is discussed: history of Europe: Prestige and status: There were extended farmsteads in northern and western Europe with a development of enclosed compounds and elaborate field systems in Britain. In central Europe the extended farmsteads were in time supplemented by both unenclosed villages and defended hilltop sites, as was also the case in the area of…
In Dec. 22 SN: Our top stories of 2018, baffling star behavior, early hominids in North Africa, the oldest evidence of vanilla, wombat poop physics, Earths impact craters and more. ...
Objective: The overall objective of the Programme is to sustainably improve the livelihoods of the rural poor in South Asia through the development of diversified production chains for organically produced Medicinal, Aromatic and Natural Dye Plants (MADPs) and certified collected MADPs. This will contribute to improved rural food security through higher capacities and income and an improved natural resource base and biodiversity, particularly in marginal and uncultivated areas ...
Agriculture Improvement of land. As well as offering improved means of transporting agricultural produce, and opening up new ...
In the Jan. 19 SN: Celebrating 150 years of the periodic table, daredevil asteroid missions, early plague evidence from Sweden, more black hole collisions, hybrid rice can clone itself, corals go deep and more. ...
Latest Agriculture regulation News. Hawaii coffee farmers in jeopardy with no federal aid. Aug. 6, 2020 10:31 AM EDT ... AP) - Louisianas agriculture department said a dog in the state has tested positive for the coronavirus, the states first ... HONOLULU (AP) - Hawaiis congressional delegation has continually urged the U.S. Department of Agriculture to expand its ... 31 through the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Industrial hemp has been promoted as a... ...
Byproducts from Agriculture and Fisheries: Adding Value for Food, Feed, Pharma and Fuels Benjamin K. Simpson, Alberta N. Aryee ...
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2019SustainableRegenerativeFarmersFisheriesLivestockWorld'sFood and agricultureCropsClimateSustainabilityRural development2001Ecosystem servicesAnimal husbandryBiodiversityStakeholdersScholarshipOECDAppropriationsDegradationResilientFarmsIndustryCrop ScienceGlobalPracticesLabourersEcologicalOrganic AgricultureEligible for this awardEconomicMarketsNewsOutputsEnvironmentBachelorMinistersMonocultureProgramEnvironmentalIssuesGrainFreshwaterBiotechnologyConsumers
- Machine Learning in Agriculture: Applications and Techniques - May 14, 2019. (kdnuggets.com)
- The Youth in Agriculture program provides a sustainable and adaptable model in public health education that can be used in local, state, regional, or national initiatives. (cdc.gov)
- Our primary mission is to create social and spiritual change through agriculture while maintaining sustainable profitability. (google.com)
- Nanotechnologies in agriculture: New tools for sustainable development. (springer.com)
- Annie's Sustainable Agriculture Scholarship is available to full - time undergraduate and graduate students. (fastweb.com)
- Ironically, the conference ignores fundamental issues for agriculture: the ecological crisis and the urgent need to transition to sustainable production. (slowfood.com)
- Can Obama Become a Force for Sustainable Agriculture? (triplepundit.com)
- Agriculture must also be sustainable. (scidev.net)
- The water-smart agriculture project directly contributes to Sustainable Development Goals 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 6 (ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all) and SDG 13 (climate action), while being connected to many of the other goals on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. (wbcsd.org)
- What is Sustainable Agriculture? (ucsusa.org)
- Others will have focus on agriculture within a specific country or region, or on a particular aspect of agriculture - such as crop farming, marketing of farm products, animal care, sustainable practices, or large property management. (topuniversities.com)
- Although commercial cultivation is mostly confined to USA, Argentina, Canada, and China, biotechnology proponents argue that expansion of such crops to the Third World is essential to feed the poor in the Third World, reduce environmental degradation, and promote sustainable agriculture. (corpwatch.org)
- Sustainable agriculture was far from farmer Peter Desisto’s mind when he went to an organic farming seminar organised by the Philippine Rural Reconstruction Movement (PRRM) ten years ago. (enn.com)
- But not too farfetched, say the supporters of the concept, who are presenting two forums on sustainable agriculture on Aug. 21 and 22 in Sonoma and Napa counties. (metroactive.com)
- Maurice is bringing in keynote speaker Dr. John Ikerd, professor emeritus of agricultural economics at the University of Missouri, who grew up on a dairy farm and runs a sustainable-agriculture program for the state of Missouri. (metroactive.com)
- I call sustainable agriculture common-sense agriculture," replies Ikerd when asked to define a term that often gets lost among such other buzzwords as organic and permaculture . (metroactive.com)
- But, she adds, the increasing popularity of organic produce is helping some of the concepts of sustainable agriculture to sink in. (metroactive.com)
- Maurice touts Petaluma-based dairy Clover-Stornetta Farms as exemplifying the principles of sustainable agriculture. (metroactive.com)
- There's a growing movement to promote the principles of sustainable agriculture, but at the same time some wine-grape growers have co-opted the term while implementing practices that fly in the face of the basic concept. (metroactive.com)
- Even those growers who have hacked down vintage oaks, ripped out other crops (such as apple trees), planted vineyards on steep hillsides that cause erosion and degradation of streams, or upped their use of pesticides have laid claims to being practitioners of sustainable agriculture. (metroactive.com)
- It's helping attract youthful talent into sustainable agriculture across the US, but can the Greenhorns movement survive in the land of Big Ag, or cross the Atlantic to the UK? (theecologist.org)
- Regenerative agriculture, when scaled up and combined with reforestation and other regenerative land use practices, has the potential to generate a net decrease in atmospheric carbon. (organicconsumers.org)
- Transitioning to regenerative agriculture will also produce healthier food, build soil fertility, restore depleted groundwater, and build local resilience and food security. (organicconsumers.org)
- Regenerative agriculture is a way forward to restore the health of people and the planet. (organicconsumers.org)
- You must be pursuing studies in organic and / or regenerative agriculture to be eligible for this award. (fastweb.com)
- Regenerative agriculture addresses these and other problems. (mercola.com)
- We loan because we wish to accelerate the emergence of regenerative agriculture as the dominate way to feed, clothe and fuel humanity. (kiva.org)
- A group of people dedicated to supporting, promoting and accelerating Regenerative Agriculture. (kiva.org)
- HONOLULU (AP) - Hawaii's congressional delegation has continually urged the U.S. Department of Agriculture to expand its coronavirus relief program to include coffee farmers but the state's roughly $50 million coffee industry waits in a state of limbo. (ap.org)
- The animal husbandry and fisheries minister said that his department is started integrating animal husbandry with agriculture to double farmers' income. (indiatimes.com)
- The Idaho State Department of Agriculture (ISDA) Mormon Cricket and Grasshopper Control Program offers help to ranchers, farmers and the general public in the suppression of economically damaging infestations on private or state-owned lands. (uidaho.edu)
- The updated brochure Contracting in Agriculture: Making the Right Decision, Information for Farmers from USDA (PDF) is now finished and available. (uidaho.edu)
- Just days ahead of the meeting of European Agriculture ministers taking place in Brussels today, Slow Food Europe joined a group of NGOs calling on the Agriculture and Fisheries (AGRIFISH) Council to take into consideration the voice of civil society when discussing the new Commission's report on the development of plant proteins in the European Union. (slowfood.com)
- The largest source of GHG emissions within agriculture is enteric fermentation - when methane is produced by livestock during digestion and released via belches - this accounted in 2011 for 39 percent of the sector's total GHG outputs. (fao.org)
- Agriculture is the art, science and business of cultivating crops and livestock for economic purposes. (usingenglish.com)
- This model of agriculture is marked by practices such as monoculture (planting the same one or two crops over a large area year after year), raising crops and livestock in isolation from each other, and leaving farmland bare and vulnerable to erosion and nutrient loss between commercial crops. (ucsusa.org)
- Throughout the year, the New Jersey Department of Agriculture sustained and enhanced many other efforts in support of the Garden State's agriculture industry, such as quality assurance programs for a variety of commodities and livestock and plant health testing and certification services. (nj.us)
- Nearly two‐thirds of the total agriculture sales are derived from livestock operations. (uidaho.edu)
- Over one third of the world's workers are employed in agriculture, second only to the service sector, although the percentages of agricultural workers in developed countries has decreased significantly over the past several centuries. (wikipedia.org)
- This report is FAO's latest assessment of the long-term outlook for the world's food supplies, nutrition and agriculture. (un.org)
- This report is a shorter version of 'World agriculture: towards 2015/2030', FAO's latest assessment of the long-term outlook for the world's food supplies, nutrition and agriculture, due for release at the end of 2002. (un.org)
- Perhaps they do in sub-Saharan Africa, where women produce up to 80% of foodstuffs for household consumption and sale in local markets, according to a report by the World Bank and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (un.org)
- 2010). FAO/WHO expert meeting on the application of nanotechnologies in the food and agriculture sectors: potential food safety implications . (springer.com)
- Prepared by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations as task manager for chapters 10 and 14, and the United Nations Environment Programme as task manager for chapter 12, of Agenda 21, with contributions from other United Nations agencies and international organizations and major groups. (un.org)
- The UN Food and Agriculture Organization says global warming is shrinking food supply and pushing up prices in many countries, with the result that people are already starting to go hungry. (scidev.net)
- The state Department of Food and Agriculture will conduct aerial spraying of malathion tonight beginning at 9 p.m., weather permitting. (latimes.com)
- To practice agriculture means to use natural resources to "produce commodities which maintain life, including food, fiber, forest products, horticultural crops, and their related services. (wikipedia.org)
- While negative impacts are serious, and can include pollution and degradation of soil, water, and air, agriculture can also positively impact the environment, for instance by trapping greenhouse gases within crops and soils, or mitigating flood risks through the adoption of certain farming practices. (oecd.org)
- Today's GM crops have already achieved significant commercial success in global agriculture. (prweb.com)
- In a significant escalation in the region's battle with the Mediterranean fruit fly, state agriculture officials declared a quarantine Friday on crops grown within an 81-square-mile section of Riverside County. (latimes.com)
- We are fast approaching a tipping point in terms of climate disruption, degenerative agriculture, deteriorating public health, financial meltdown, and political corruption. (organicconsumers.org)
- To help countries improve the sustainability of agriculture, the OECD has developed recommendations on how to develop cost-effective agri-environmental policies , how to manage water issues for agriculture , how to deal with climate change challenges , and how to preserve biodiversity and manage ecosystem services related to agriculture. (oecd.org)
- Climate change and increased global population give rise to a special emphasis on how agriculture can expand production under changing conditions. (springer.com)
- Monsanto presents a series on what it means to be "Climate Smart" in the world of agriculture. (triplepundit.com)
- The series will cover the role of climate change in impacting food security, agriculture, weather patterns and society at large. (triplepundit.com)
- But the biggest challenge to agriculture in developing countries comes from the impact of climate change . (scidev.net)
- But it has been slow to research climate change, its impact and how Brazilian agriculture can adapt to the changes. (reuters.com)
- Importantly, agriculture in its many different forms and locations remains highly sensitive to climate variations, the dominant source of the overall interannual variability of production in many regions and a continuing source of disruption to ecosystem services. (pnas.org)
- This existing sensitivity explains why a changing climate will have subsequent impacts on agriculture. (pnas.org)
- We argue there is a strong rationale for an increasing focus on adaptation of agriculture to climate change. (pnas.org)
- This book, Agribusiness as the Future of Agriculture: The Sugarcane Industry under Climate Change in the Southeast Mediterranean, reviews the challenges of agribusiness in the Southeast Mediterranean Sea. (routledge.com)
- We have also developed insights on the potential environmental impact of agriculture policies by identifying possible policy mis-alignments and how to jointly address sustainability and productivity growth goals . (oecd.org)
- Poverty, famine, development economics, genetic modification, environmental sustainability, disease epidemics… agriculture intersects with all of these, and agricultural graduates are involved in research and development work in all these fields. (topuniversities.com)
- Some agriculture courses focus on preparing students for work at an international level - covering topics such as bio-based economies, sustainability on a global scale, and global food systems. (topuniversities.com)
- The European Commission experts in the field of agriculture and rural development provide assistance and guidance to candidate and potential candidates in preparing for future accession to the EU and more specifically, the common agricultural policy (CAP) and rural development. (europa.eu)
- Accession negotiations in agriculture focus on the procedures for future direct payments, support to rural development or on the need for transitional measures facilitating integration into the EU, taking into account the specific circumstances of the agricultural sector in the candidate countries. (europa.eu)
- Emissions generated during the application of synthetic fertilizers accounted for 13 percent of agricultural emissions (725 Mt CO2 eq.) in 2011, and are the fastest growing emissions source in agriculture, having increased some 37 percent since 2001. (fao.org)
- Banks Cargill Agriculture had been formed in February 2001 between Cargill and Sidney C Banks, a UK grain trader based in Sandy. (wikipedia.org)
- Agriculture is also a major economic, social, and cultural activity, and it provides a wide range of ecosystem services. (pnas.org)
- A broad range of agriculture-environment interactions can be organized around the concept of agriculture as a producer and consumer of ecosystem services. (repec.org)
- Urban agriculture can also involve animal husbandry , aquaculture , agroforestry , urban beekeeping , and horticulture . (wikipedia.org)
- In addition, the twin policy challenge of ensuring global food security for a growing population while improving environmental performance will require raising the environmental and resource productivity of agriculture, enhancing land management practices, minimising pollution discharges, curtailing damage to biodiversity, and strengthening policies that avoid the use of production and input subsidies which tend to damage the environment. (oecd.org)
- EPA's Agriculture Advisor's Office enables two-way communication between EPA and agriculture stakeholders about priority environmental issues. (epa.gov)
- Its 9th installment took place on the week of the Berlin Agriculture Ministers' Conference and Berlin's International Green Week, which attracted many European stakeholders and decision-makers to the capital of Germany. (slowfood.com)
- The Commission describes the conference as the 'key annual gathering of European stakeholders willing to engage and discuss the future of agriculture. (slowfood.com)
- The Stephey Agriculture Scholarship is available to entering freshmen and transfer students attending the Illinois State University, College of Applied Science and Technology. (fastweb.com)
- Data on government support to agriculture in the OECD area and other major economies, measured by the Producer Support Estimate (PSE) and Consumer Support Estimate. (oecd.org)
- In recent years, there have been some encouraging signs that the agriculture sector of OECD countries is capable of meeting its environmental challenges. (oecd.org)
- S.1284, Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2014 H.R. 2642, Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013. (opensecrets.org)
- Significant degradation of land and water resources, including the depletion of aquifers , has been observed in recent decades, and the effects of global warming on agriculture and of agriculture on global warming are still not fully understood. (wikipedia.org)
- Nanotechnology applications in pollution sensing and degradation in agriculture: A review. (springer.com)
- More productive and resilient agriculture requires a major shift in the way water, soil, nutrients and other agricultural resources are managed. (iaea.org)
- Natural resources, such as land, water, soil and genetic resources, must be better managed so that more productive and resilient agriculture can be achieved. (iaea.org)
- Thanks to the increased funding for farmland and open space preservation under the Garden State Preservation Trust Act, the State Agriculture Development Committee (SADC) permanently preserved a record number of farms in FY01. (nj.us)
- Most agriculture courses will include at least one required or optional work placement of up to a year, and some universities even have their own farms. (topuniversities.com)
- The Division of Dairy and Commodity Regulation serves many facets of the agriculture industry. (nj.us)
- General issues relating to the animal agriculture industry, both in production and processing, with an emphasis on the pork and turkey industry. (opensecrets.org)
- We counter pose view points from industry and activists on environmental, health and political issues surrounding biotech agriculture. (corpwatch.org)
- By dealing directly with agriculture students, companies can give them more insight into the professions attainable within the ag industry. (wiu.edu)
- There are a variety of loan and grant programs available to help Colorado's agriculture industry identify renewable energy opportunities, promote products, conduct feasibility studies, and to take advantage of local, regional, national and international market opportunities. (colorado.gov)
- Our range of research areas relate to crop science, soil science, ecological (organic) agriculture, and agricultural water management. (ncl.ac.uk)
- Detailed global maps of key traits in higher plants have been made available for the first time, thanks to work led by researchers from the University of Minnesota's (UMN) College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences (CFANS). (enn.com)
- A key challenge for the agriculture sector is to feed an increasing global population, while at the same time reducing the environmental impact and preserving natural resources for future generations. (oecd.org)
- The Water in Agriculture Innovation Series is a collaborative knowledge platform offered by the Water in Agriculture Global Solutions Group at the World Bank and partners across academia, public and private institutions, and civil society on agriculture and water issues. (worldbank.org)
- Child labour in agriculture is a global phenomenon found in developed and developing countries. (ilo.org)
- Industrial agriculture damages soil through practices that deplete its organic matter and degrade its structure. (ucsusa.org)
- Although generally understood to denote the practices of humans, other animals-for example, fungus-growing ants-have also been found to engage in agriculture. (wikipedia.org)
- While there is unlikely to be a "one-size-fits-all" solution for dealing with environmental concerns in agriculture, as agro-ecological conditions and public preferences differ across countries, policymakers must have at their disposal a deep understanding of, and capacity to measure, the linkages between policies and outcomes in order to evaluate and achieve better environmental outcomes in a cost-effective manner. (oecd.org)
- Organic Agriculture Can 'Feed the. (organicauthority.com)
- You must be majoring in agriculture, demonstrate academic achievement and leadership abilities to be eligible for this award. (fastweb.com)
- Urban agriculture can reflect varying levels of economic and social development. (wikipedia.org)
- Agriculture is the economic engine that powers the Great Plains, the vast stretch of treeless prairie that covers parts of 10 states - and where the next drought can appear with little warning. (enn.com)
- This is an introductory course requiring critical analysis of the major social, economic, political and scientific issues in agriculture and related disciplines. (uky.edu)
- Hence, supporting and transforming a country's agriculture can create jobs, raise incomes, reduce malnutrition and lead to a nation's economic growth. (usingenglish.com)
- Large business and investment activities provincial authorities have attended include the China AG Trade Fair held by Ministry of Agriculture the "5.18" Economic and Trade Conference the "10.18" Agriculture Products Trade Fair and the Hong Kong Investment Fair. (chinadaily.com.cn)
- Precision Agriculture seeks to exert more control over a production system by recognising variation and managing different areas of land differently, according to a range of economic and environmental goals. (www.csiro.au)
- Agriculture is the economic backbone of Owyhee County. (uidaho.edu)
- Economic viability is necessary, but it's not enough to sustain agriculture over the long run--it goes beyond profits," Ikerd continues. (metroactive.com)
- The Markets Division's mission is to increase marketing and processing opportunities for Colorado agriculture. (colorado.gov)
- EPA is committed to a strong partnership with the agriculture community to assist in fulfilling our mission of protecting human health and the environment. (epa.gov)
- The Agriculture Residential College is a unique opportunity for students in the College of Agriculture, Food and Environment to live and learn together. (uky.edu)
- Students in the AgRC will learn about the value and impact agriculture, food and the environment have on the foundation of our civilization. (uky.edu)
- The Agriculture Residential College (AgRC) is open to students pursuing a major within the College of Agriculture, Food and Environment. (uky.edu)
- IIn the fall semester, students participating in the AgRC are required to enroll in a corresponding section of GEN 100: Issues in Agriculture, Food and Environment. (uky.edu)
- In controlled environment agriculture. (youtube.com)
- The Agricultural Quarantine Inspection (AQI) program plays a critical role in protecting U.S. agriculture and the environment from invasive plant and animal pests and diseases. (usda.gov)
- Typically offered as a Bachelor of Science (BSc Agriculture), agriculture courses are highly interdisciplinary, requiring students to have a good grasp of both natural sciences and social sciences, and drawing on areas such as biology , environmental sciences , chemistry , economics and business and management . (topuniversities.com)
- Brussels, November 19 - the Good Food Good Farming campaign organised a Disco Soup in front of the Council of the European Union today, calling on EU agriculture ministers to serve up a better future for farming. (slowfood.com)
- Industrial agriculture based on large-scale monoculture farming has become the dominant agricultural method. (wikipedia.org)
- To improve influenza education and communication efforts around youth in agriculture, several government and non-governmental organizations partnered to launch a pilot program called Influenza Education among Youth in Agriculture. (cdc.gov)
- Since its inception, the Youth in Agriculture program has provided funding to 14 states and jurisdictions, some for multiple funding cycles. (cdc.gov)
- Minnesota, now in its second grant cycle, has been heavily involved in the Youth in Agriculture program. (cdc.gov)
- The Youth in Agriculture program's ongoing work focuses on strengthening evaluation efforts, as well as identifying ways to share tools and resources developed through the program to other public health and animal health partners and the public. (cdc.gov)
- By the time of the Second World War, the War/Food Administration set up a National Victory Garden Program that set out to systematically establish functioning agriculture within cities. (wikipedia.org)
- Reauthorization of the Farm Bill, S. 954 ("The Agriculture Reform, Food and Jobs Act of 2013"), H.R. 2642 ("The Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act of 2013"), and H.R. 3102 ("Nutrition Reform and Work Opportunity Act of 2013"), including issues related to the SNAP provisions concerning retailer eligibility for the program. (opensecrets.org)
- With the establishment in Bergen County of the requisite county agriculture development board, the Farmland Preservation Program was successfully launched in the state's most urbanized northeastern region. (nj.us)
- Established in 2008, the FRRCC provides independent policy advice, information, and recommendations to the EPA administrator on a range of environmental issues and policies that are of importance to agriculture and rural communities. (epa.gov)
- A major challenge for agriculture is to identify ways of increasing productivity with greater environmental constraints (less and different inputs). (www.csiro.au)
- IMAGINE some not-too-distant future in which American agriculture is vibrant and profitable, and it's thriving without abandoning environmental and social responsibility and ethics. (metroactive.com)
- Shop our wide variety of Agriculture Water Bottles to express your personality and shrink your environmental footprint. (cafepress.com)
- This paper incorporates the interdisciplinary New Institutional Economics and suggests a holistic framework for analyzing, assessing and improving the system of environmental management in agriculture. (repec.org)
- The new Agriculture Bill may sound good - but won't deliver on public goods or environmental protection. (theecologist.org)
- The Agriculture Workforce Housing Facilitation Team (AWHFT) meets regularly to discuss current issues around farmworker housing, resources available for developing farmworker housing, and how to address the needs of farmworkers in Oregon. (oregon.gov)
- H.R. 1947, S.954, Federal Agriculture Reform and Risk Management Act (FARRM) of 2013/Agriculture Reform, Food, and Jobs Act of 2013, Issues pertaining to agriculture research, energy, and education. (opensecrets.org)
- Agriculture has been at the center of human civilization since, well, since civilization began - and it remains at the heart of many of the most pressing issues for modern societies. (topuniversities.com)
- Allied Grain (owned by Associated British Foods - ABF) and Banks Cargill Agriculture merged in April 2005 to form Frontier Agriculture. (wikipedia.org)
- Agriculture is by far the largest consumer of freshwater. (wbcsd.org)
- The focus then turns to the interplay between agriculture and water resources, as agriculture has the greatest impact on freshwater consumption and quality. (carleton.edu)
- Engineered agriculture uses the tools of biotechnology to analyze and manipulate plant DNA to create varieties with new or enhanced characteristics, explains Social Technologies futurist Justman says. (prweb.com)
- When you bring the producers and the consumers together they support agriculture that is more environmentally responsible and more compassionate. (motherearthnews.com)