Agriculture
United States Department of Agriculture
Crops, Agricultural
Agricultural Workers' Diseases
Fertilizers
Conservation of Natural Resources
Animal Husbandry
Pesticides
Animals, Domestic
Chemistry, Agricultural
Soil
Environmental Pollution
Organic Agriculture
Pest Control
Animal Welfare
Ecosystem
Agrochemicals
Plants, Edible
Agricultural Irrigation
Manure
Livestock
Veterinary Medicine
Accidents, Occupational
Greenhouse Effect
Eutrophication
Trees
Botany
Environmental Monitoring
Herbicides
Climate
Environment
Climate Change
Fossil Fuels
Nitrogen
Food Industry
Insecticides
Biological Control Agents
Water Supply
Biotechnology
Population Growth
Pesticide Residues
Tropical Climate
Biodiversity
Food Safety
United Nations
Geography
Coffea
Cultural Evolution
Ethics, Professional
Public Policy
Rivers
Food, Genetically Modified
Occupational Exposure
Environmental Policy
Nutrition Policy
Government Agencies
Pest Control, Biological
Industry
Gardening
Refuse Disposal
Social Planning
Food Contamination
Plant Weeds
Paternal Exposure
Technology
Biomass
Electronic Nose
Water Movements
Zoonoses
Zea mays
Seasons
Plants, Genetically Modified
Population Dynamics
Droughts
Hydrology
Food Inspection
Urban Renewal
Research
Water Quality
Seeds
Health Food
Plants
Urbanization
Waste Management
Agricultural Inoculants
Soil Pollutants
Wetlands
Plant Roots
Fungicides, Industrial
Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
General Adaptation Syndrome
Ecology
Energy-Generating Resources
Biofuels
Parakeratosis
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Public Health
Water Pollution, Chemical
Models, Theoretical
Food Quality
Ethics
Commerce
Theology
Pathology, Veterinary
Foodborne Diseases
Chlorpyrifos
Phosphorus
Nutritional Sciences
Ecological Systems, Closed
Dimethoate
Poaceae
Insect Control
Insects
Cattle
Nitrogen Cycle
Cucurbita
Breeding
Aquaculture
Mediterranean Region
Triticum
Chromosomes, Human, Y
Public Health Surveillance
Demography
Nutritive Value
Soil Microbiology
Meat
Poultry
Oryza sativa
Colocasia
Developing Countries
Africa, Northern
Nitrates
Fungi
Vicia
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (U.S.)
Food Services
Plant Leaves
International Cooperation
Carbon Sequestration
Global Warming
Occupational Health
Animals, Wild
Endophytes
Diet Surveys
Plant Development
Salinity
Crop, Avian
Ants
Rabies Vaccines
Organophosphate Poisoning
Genetic Engineering
Water
Spatial Analysis
Drug Residues
Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Symbiosis
Borneo
Personal exposure to dust, endotoxin and crystalline silica in California agriculture. (1/3155)
AIMS: The aim of this study was to measure personal exposure to dust, endotoxin and crystalline silica during various agricultural operations in California over a period of one year. METHODS: Ten farms were randomly selected in Yolo and Solano counties and workers were invited to wear personal sampling equipment to measure inhalable and respirable dust levels during various operations. The samples were analysed for endotoxin using the Limulus Amebocyte Lysate assay and crystalline silica content using X-ray diffraction. In total 142 inhalable samples and 144 respirable samples were collected. RESULTS: The measurements showed considerable difference in exposure levels between various operations, in particular for the inhalable fraction of the dust and the endotoxin. Machine harvesting of tree crops (Geometric mean (GM) = 45.1 mg/m3) and vegetables (GM = 7.9 mg/m3), and cleaning of poultry houses (GM = 6.7 mg/m3) showed the highest inhalable dust levels. Cleaning of poultry houses also showed the highest inhalable endotoxin levels (GM = 1861 EU/m3). Respirable dust levels were generally low, except for machine harvesting of tree crops (GM = 2.8 mg/m3) and vegetables (GM = 0.9 mg/m3). Respirable endotoxin levels were also low. For the inhalable dust fraction, levels were reduced considerably when an enclosed cabin was present. The percentage of crystalline silica was overall higher in the respirable dust samples than the inhalable dust samples. CONCLUSIONS: Considerable differences exist in personal exposure levels to dust, endotoxin and crystalline silica during various agricultural operations in California agriculture with some operations showing very high levels. (+info)Mechanical maceration of alfalfa. (2/3155)
Maceration is an intensive forage-conditioning process that can increase field drying rates by as much as 300%. Because maceration shreds the forage and reduces its rigidity, improvements in bulk density, silage compaction, and ensiling characteristics have been observed. Macerating forage also increases the surface area available for microbial attachment in the rumen, thereby increasing forage digestibility and animal performance. Feeding trials with sheep have shown increases in DMI of 5 to 31% and increases in DM digestibility of from 14 to 16 percentage units. Lactation studies have demonstrated increases in milk production and BW gain for lactating Holstein cows; however, there is a consistent decrease in milk fat percentage when dairy cattle are fed macerated forage. In vitro studies have shown that maceration decreases lag time associated with NDF digestion and increases rate of NDF digestion. In situ digestibility studies have shown that maceration increases the size of the instantly soluble DM pool and decreases lag time associated with NDF digestion, but it may not consistently alter the rate or extent of DM and NDF digestion. (+info)Cancer mortality in agricultural regions of Minnesota. (3/3155)
Because of its unique geology, Minnesota can be divided into four agricultural regions: south-central region one (corn, soybeans); west-central region two (wheat, corn, soybeans); northwest region three (wheat, sugar beets, potatoes); and northeast region four (forested and urban in character). Cancer mortality (1980-1989) in agricultural regions one, two, and three was compared to region four. Using data compiled by the National Center for Health Statistics, cancer mortality was summarized by 5-year age groups, sex, race, and county. Age-standardized mortality rate ratios were calculated for white males and females for all ages combined, and for children aged 0-14. Increased mortality rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were observed for the following cancer sites: region one--lip (men), standardized rate ratio (SRR) = 2.70 (CI, 1.08-6.71); nasopharynx (women), SRR = 3.35 (CI, 1.20-9.31); region two--non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (women), SRR = 1.35 (CI, 1.09-1.66); and region three--prostate (men), SRR = 1.12 (CI, 1.00-1.26); thyroid (men), SRR = 2.95 (CI, 1.35-6.44); bone (men), SRR = 2.09 (CI, 1. 00-4.34); eye (women), SRR = 5.77 (CI, 1.90-17.50). Deficits of smoking-related cancers were noted. Excess cancers reported are consistent with earlier reports of agriculturally related cancers in the midwestern United States. However, reports on thyroid and bone cancer in association with agricultural pesticides are few in number. The highest use of fungicides occurs in region three. Ethylenebisdithiocarbamates, whose metabolite is a known cause of thyroid cancer in rats, are frequently applied. This report provides a rationale for evaluation of the carcinogenic potential of this suspect agent in humans. (+info)Organic: What's in a name? (4/3155)
The organic foods industry is booming: by one estimate, the market for organic foods is worth $4 billion annually and is expected to grow at a rate of more than 24% per year. Faced with the threat of pesticide exposures and other food safety problems, many consumers are turning to organic foods in hopes of finding a healthy alternative, but there is currently no consistency in organic food labeling and no guarantee that foods labeled as organic are actually grown and processed in a purely organic fashion. There is also controversy about whether the label "organic" covers such new technologies as irradiation and genetic engineering. As part of the 1990 Farm Bill, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is working to develop a proposed rule on organic foods. The rule would regulate the allowable methods, practices, and substances used in producing and handling crops and their processed products. The first draft of the proposed rule, released in December 1997, met with unprecedented opposition, which centered around the fact that the proposal appeared to virtually ignore the recommendations of a standards board formed to assist in the rule's development. Other criticism opposed three practices put forward for comment by the USDA: irradiation, genetic engineering, and the use of sewage sludge in farming. Due to the vehemence of the opposition to its original proposal, the USDA has decided to rewrite the proposed rule. In preparation for that proposal, the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service released three issue papers in October 1998 for public comment. The 10,000-plus comments received in response to those papers will be incorporated into the second draft proposal, due out later this year. (+info)Farm worker illness following exposure to carbofuran and other pesticides--Fresno County California, 1998. (5/3155)
In California, suspected pesticide-related illnesses and suspected work-related illnesses and injuries are reportable conditions. On July 31, 1998, the Occupational Health Branch of the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) received a report from the California Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) of a pesticide exposure incident in Fresno County involving 34 farm workers. CDHS investigated this incident by reviewing medical records of the 34 workers and interviewing 29. The findings indicated that the workers became ill after early reentry into a cotton field that had been sprayed with a cholinesterase-inhibiting carbamate pesticides (+info)Caregiver behaviors and resources influence child height-for-age in rural Chad. (6/3155)
The purpose of this study was to identify caregiver characteristics that influence child nutritional status in rural Chad, when controlling for socioeconomic factors. Variables were classified according to the categories of a UNICEF model of care: caregiving behaviors, household food security, food and economic resources and resources for care and health resources. Sixty-four households with 98 children from ages 12 to 71 mo were part of this study. Caregivers were interviewed to collect information on number of pregnancies, child feeding and health practices, influence on decisions regarding child health and feeding, overall satisfaction with life, social support, workload, income, use of income, and household food expenditures and consumption. Household heads were questioned about household food production and other economic resources. Caregiver and household variables were classified as two sets of variables, and separate regression models were run for each of the two sets. Significant predictors of height-for-age were then combined in the same regression model. Caregiver influence on child-feeding decisions, level of satisfaction with life, willingness to seek advice during child illnesses, and the number of individuals available to assist with domestic tasks were the caregiver factors associated with children's height-for-age. Socioeconomic factors associated with children's height-for-age were the amount of harvested cereals, the sources of household income and the household being monogamous. When the caregiver and household socioeconomic factors were combined in the same model, they explained 54% of the variance in children's height-for-age, and their regression coefficients did not change or only slightly increased, except for caregiver's propensity to seek advice during child illnesses, which was no longer significant. These results indicate that caregiver characteristics influence children's nutritional status, even while controlling for the socioeconomic status of the household. (+info)Water pollution and human health in China. (7/3155)
China's extraordinary economic growth, industrialization, and urbanization, coupled with inadequate investment in basic water supply and treatment infrastructure, have resulted in widespread water pollution. In China today approximately 700 million people--over half the population--consume drinking water contaminated with levels of animal and human excreta that exceed maximum permissible levels by as much as 86% in rural areas and 28% in urban areas. By the year 2000, the volume of wastewater produced could double from 1990 levels to almost 78 billion tons. These are alarming trends with potentially serious consequences for human health. This paper reviews and analyzes recent Chinese reports on public health and water resources to shed light on what recent trends imply for China's environmental risk transition. This paper has two major conclusions. First, the critical deficits in basic water supply and sewage treatment infrastructure have increased the risk of exposure to infectious and parasitic disease and to a growing volume of industrial chemicals, heavy metals, and algal toxins. Second, the lack of coordination between environmental and public health objectives, a complex and fragmented system to manage water resources, and the general treatment of water as a common property resource mean that the water quality and quantity problems observed as well as the health threats identified are likely to become more acute. (+info)Predictors of crop diversification: a survey of tobacco farmers in North Carolina (USA). (8/3155)
OBJECTIVE: To assess the attitudes and behaviours of North Carolina tobacco farmers around crop diversification. DESIGN: Cross-sectional telephone survey. PARTICIPANTS: Active tobacco farmers in 14 North Carolina counties (n = 1236), interviewed between January and April 1997 (91% response rate). OUTCOME MEASURES: Interest in, experience with, and perceived barriers to diversification. RESULTS: Most farmers (95%) grew/raised a commodity other than tobacco (mean = 2.8). A total of 60% of farmers expressed interest in trying other on-farm activities to supplement their tobacco and 60% reported taking action in the past year around supplementation. Younger age and college education were positively associated with interest. College education, off-farm income, and larger farm size were associated with the number of actions taken. For perceived external barriers to diversification, use of tobacco, percent income from tobacco, lack of college education, and younger age were most strongly associated with the number of barriers. For internal barriers (personal factors), percent income from tobacco, use of tobacco, and lack of college education were most strongly associated with the number of barriers. CONCLUSIONS: Most farmers were involved in diverse operations and expressed interest in continuing to diversify, although the breadth of diversification was narrow. Farmers noted many barriers to diversifying. If conventional production and marketing techniques are employed for non-tobacco alternatives, these alternatives may not provide the sustainable profitability that tobacco has afforded. Competition from foreign tobacco growers is the primary threat to the future of American growers and tobacco dependent communities. (+info)1. Pesticide poisoning: Agricultural workers who handle or apply pesticides may be at risk for poisoning, which can cause a range of symptoms including headaches, dizziness, and nausea. Prolonged exposure to pesticides has also been linked to an increased risk of cancer.
2. Lung disease: Agricultural workers who work with dusty crops or in confined spaces may be at risk for lung diseases such as bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma.
3. Heat stress: Agricultural workers who work outdoors during hot weather may be at risk for heat stress, which can lead to symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, and fatigue. In severe cases, heat stress can be fatal.
4. Noise-induced hearing loss: Agricultural workers who are exposed to loud noises, such as tractors or other machinery, may be at risk for noise-induced hearing loss.
5. Musculoskeletal disorders: Agricultural workers may be at risk for musculoskeletal disorders such as back pain, joint pain, and repetitive strain injuries due to the physical demands of their work.
6. Skin diseases: Agricultural workers who handle animals or are exposed to chemicals may be at risk for skin diseases such as allergic contact dermatitis or fungal infections.
7. Eye diseases: Agricultural workers who work with pesticides or other chemicals may be at risk for eye diseases such as conjunctivitis or cataracts.
8. Respiratory diseases: Agricultural workers who handle grain or other dusty materials may be at risk for respiratory diseases such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis or farmer's lung.
9. Infectious diseases: Agricultural workers may be at risk for infectious diseases such as Q fever, which is caused by a bacteria that can be found in the intestines of some animals.
10. Mental health disorders: The stress and isolation of agricultural work may contribute to mental health disorders such as depression, anxiety, or substance abuse.
It's important for agricultural workers to take precautions to protect their health and safety on the job, such as wearing personal protective equipment, following proper handling and application procedures for chemicals, and taking regular breaks to rest and stretch. Additionally, employers should provide a safe work environment and training on safe work practices to help prevent injuries and illnesses.
Zoonoses (zoonosis) refers to infectious diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans. These diseases are caused by a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi, and can be spread through contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products.
Examples of Zoonoses
Some common examples of zoonoses include:
1. Rabies: a viral infection that can be transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected animal, typically dogs, bats, or raccoons.
2. Lyme disease: a bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, which is spread to humans through the bite of an infected blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis).
3. Toxoplasmosis: a parasitic infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii, which can be transmitted to humans through contact with contaminated cat feces or undercooked meat.
4. Leptospirosis: a bacterial infection caused by Leptospira interrogans, which is spread to humans through contact with contaminated water or soil.
5. Avian influenza (bird flu): a viral infection that can be transmitted to humans through contact with infected birds or contaminated surfaces.
Transmission of Zoonoses
Zoonoses can be transmitted to humans in a variety of ways, including:
1. Direct contact with infected animals or contaminated animal products.
2. Contact with contaminated soil, water, or other environmental sources.
3. Through vectors such as ticks, mosquitoes, and fleas.
4. By consuming contaminated food or water.
5. Through close contact with an infected person or animal.
Prevention of Zoonoses
Preventing the transmission of zoonoses requires a combination of personal protective measures, good hygiene practices, and careful handling of animals and animal products. Some strategies for preventing zoonoses include:
1. Washing hands frequently, especially after contact with animals or their waste.
2. Avoiding direct contact with wild animals and avoiding touching or feeding stray animals.
3. Cooking meat and eggs thoroughly to kill harmful bacteria.
4. Keeping pets up to date on vaccinations and preventative care.
5. Avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked meat, particularly poultry and pork.
6. Using insect repellents and wearing protective clothing when outdoors in areas where vectors are prevalent.
7. Implementing proper sanitation and hygiene practices in animal housing and husbandry.
8. Implementing strict biosecurity measures on farms and in animal facilities to prevent the spread of disease.
9. Providing education and training to individuals working with animals or in areas where zoonoses are prevalent.
10. Monitoring for and reporting cases of zoonotic disease to help track and control outbreaks.
Conclusion
Zoonoses are diseases that can be transmitted between animals and humans, posing a significant risk to human health and animal welfare. Understanding the causes, transmission, and prevention of zoonoses is essential for protecting both humans and animals from these diseases. By implementing appropriate measures such as avoiding contact with wild animals, cooking meat thoroughly, keeping pets up to date on vaccinations, and implementing proper sanitation and biosecurity practices, we can reduce the risk of zoonotic disease transmission and protect public health and animal welfare.
Parakeratosis can be caused by a variety of factors, including:
1. Genetic disorders: Certain genetic conditions, such as ichthyosis or psoriasis, can cause parakeratosis.
2. Skin injuries: Injuries to the skin, such as burns or cuts, can cause parakeratosis.
3. Infections: Bacterial, fungal, or viral infections can cause parakeratosis.
4. Autoimmune disorders: Conditions such as vitiligo or pemphigus can cause parakeratosis.
5. Cancer: Certain types of skin cancer, such as squamous cell carcinoma, can cause parakeratosis.
The symptoms of parakeratosis depend on the underlying cause, but may include:
1. Thickening of the skin
2. Formation of scales or crusts
3. Itching or redness
4. Pain or discomfort
5. Increased risk of infection
Parakeratosis is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests such as skin scrapings or biopsies. Treatment depends on the underlying cause, but may include topical or oral medications, phototherapy, or surgery.
Foodborne diseases, also known as food-borne illnesses or gastrointestinal infections, are conditions caused by eating contaminated or spoiled food. These diseases can be caused by a variety of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites, which can be present in food products at any stage of the food supply chain.
Examples of common foodborne diseases include:
1. Salmonella: Caused by the bacterium Salmonella enterica, this disease can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps.
2. E. coli: Caused by the bacterium Escherichia coli, this disease can cause a range of symptoms, including diarrhea, urinary tract infections, and pneumonia.
3. Listeria: Caused by the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes, this disease can cause symptoms such as fever, headache, and stiffness in the neck.
4. Campylobacter: Caused by the bacterium Campylobacter jejuni, this disease can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, fever, and abdominal cramps.
5. Norovirus: This highly contagious virus can cause symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach cramps.
6. Botulism: Caused by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum, this disease can cause symptoms such as muscle paralysis, respiratory failure, and difficulty swallowing.
Foodborne diseases can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including stool samples, blood tests, and biopsies. Treatment typically involves antibiotics or other supportive care to manage symptoms. Prevention is key to avoiding foodborne diseases, and this includes proper food handling and preparation practices, as well as ensuring that food products are stored and cooked at safe temperatures.
Occupational Injuries can affect any part of the body, including the musculoskeletal system (e.g., back injuries, sprains and strains), the respiratory system (e.g., occupational asthma), the skin and eyes (e.g., exposure to chemicals or radiation), and more.
Some common types of Occupational Injuries include:
1. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs): These injuries affect the muscles, nerves, tendons, and joints, often caused by repetitive tasks, poor posture, or heavy lifting. Examples include carpal tunnel syndrome, back strain, and tendonitis.
2. Hearing loss: Prolonged exposure to loud noises in the workplace can cause permanent hearing loss or tinnitus (ringing in the ears).
3. Skin diseases: Occupational skin diseases can result from exposure to chemicals, cleaning products, or other substances. Examples include contact dermatitis and occupational eczema.
4. Respiratory problems: Inhaling hazardous materials or substances can cause respiratory issues, such as asthma, bronchitis, and lung cancer.
5. Eye injuries: Prolonged exposure to bright lights, glare, or flying objects can cause eye injuries, including retinal damage and cataracts.
6. Traumatic injuries: Accidents in the workplace, such as falls or being struck by an object, can result in traumatic injuries, including broken bones, concussions, and head trauma.
7. Repetitive motion injuries: Repeating the same tasks over time can cause injuries to muscles, tendons, and joints, such as carpal tunnel syndrome or trigger finger.
8. Heat-related illnesses: Working in high temperatures without proper ventilation or hydration can lead to heat exhaustion or heat stroke.
9. Cold-related illnesses: Exposure to cold temperatures for extended periods can cause hypothermia and other cold-related illnesses.
10. Psychological injuries: Stress, bullying, and harassment in the workplace can lead to psychological injuries, including depression and anxiety disorders.
It's important for employees to be aware of these potential hazards and take steps to protect themselves, such as wearing appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), following safety protocols, and reporting any incidents or concerns to their supervisors or human resources department. Employers also have a responsibility to provide a safe work environment and take proactive measures to prevent injuries and illnesses from occurring in the first place.
1. Rabies: A deadly viral disease that affects the central nervous system and is transmitted through the saliva of infected animals, usually through bites.
2. Distemper: A highly contagious viral disease that affects dogs, raccoons, and other carnivorous animals, causing symptoms such as seizures, vomiting, and diarrhea.
3. Parvo: A highly contagious viral disease that affects dogs and other animals, causing severe gastrointestinal symptoms and dehydration.
4. Heartworm: A parasitic infection caused by a worm that infects the heart and blood vessels of animals, particularly dogs and cats.
5. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV): A viral disease that weakens the immune system of cats, making them more susceptible to other infections and diseases.
6. Avian influenza: A type of flu that affects birds, including chickens and other domesticated fowl, as well as wild birds.
7. Tuberculosis: A bacterial infection that can affect a wide range of animals, including cattle, pigs, and dogs.
8. Leptospirosis: A bacterial infection that can affect a wide range of animals, including dogs, cats, and wildlife, and can cause symptoms such as fever, kidney failure, and death.
9. Lyme disease: A bacterial infection transmitted through the bite of an infected tick, primarily affecting dogs and humans.
10. Fungal infections: Fungal infections can affect a wide range of animals, including dogs, cats, and livestock, and can cause symptoms such as skin lesions, respiratory problems, and death.
Animal diseases can have a significant impact on animal health and welfare, as well as human health and the economy. They can also be transmitted between animals and humans, making it important to monitor and control animal disease outbreaks to prevent their spread.
Vaccination is an effective way to prevent animal diseases in pets and livestock. Regular vaccinations can help protect against common diseases such as distemper, hepatitis, parvovirus, and rabies, among others. Vaccines can be administered orally, through injection, or through a nasal spray.
Preventative care is key in avoiding animal disease outbreaks. Some of the best ways to prevent animal diseases include:
1. Regular vaccinations: Keeping pets and livestock up to date on their vaccinations can help protect against common diseases.
2. Proper sanitation and hygiene: Keeping living areas clean and free of waste can help prevent the spread of disease-causing bacteria and viruses.
3. Avoiding contact with wild animals: Wild animals can carry a wide range of diseases that can be transmitted to domesticated animals, so it's best to avoid contact with them whenever possible.
4. Proper nutrition: Providing pets and livestock with a balanced diet can help keep their immune systems strong and better able to fight off disease.
5. Monitoring for signs of illness: Regularly monitoring pets and livestock for signs of illness, such as fever, vomiting, or diarrhea, can help identify and treat diseases early on.
6. Quarantine and isolation: Isolating animals that are showing signs of illness can help prevent the spread of disease to other animals and humans.
7. Proper disposal of animal waste: Properly disposing of animal waste can help prevent the spread of disease-causing bacteria and viruses.
8. Avoiding overcrowding: Overcrowding can contribute to the spread of disease, so it's important to provide adequate living space for pets and livestock.
9. Regular veterinary care: Regular check-ups with a veterinarian can help identify and treat diseases early on, and also provide guidance on how to prevent animal diseases.
10. Emergency preparedness: Having an emergency plan in place for natural disasters or other unexpected events can help protect pets and livestock from disease outbreaks.
The symptoms of organophosphate poisoning can vary depending on the severity of exposure and individual sensitivity, but may include:
1. Respiratory problems: Difficulty breathing, wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath
2. Nervous system effects: Headache, dizziness, confusion, tremors, and muscle weakness
3. Eye irritation: Redness, itching, tearing, and blurred vision
4. Skin irritation: Redness, itching, and burns
5. Gastrointestinal effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain
6. Cardiovascular effects: Rapid heart rate, low blood pressure, and cardiac arrhythmias
7. Neurological effects: Seizures, coma, and memory loss
Organophosphate poisoning can be caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water, inhalation of pesticides, or absorption through the skin. Treatment typically involves supportive care, such as fluids and oxygen, as well as medications to counteract the effects of organophosphates on the nervous system. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat the patient.
Prevention is key in avoiding organophosphate poisoning, which can be achieved by using protective clothing and equipment when handling pesticides, keeping products away from food and children, and following the recommended dosage and application instructions carefully. Regular testing of soil and water for organophosphate residues can also help prevent exposure.
In conclusion, organophosphate poisoning is a serious health hazard that can result from exposure to pesticides and insecticides. Prompt recognition of symptoms and proper treatment are essential in preventing long-term health effects and reducing the risk of fatalities. Prevention through safe handling practices and regular testing of soil and water for organophosphate residues can also help minimize the risks associated with these chemicals.
The symptoms of rabies can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the individual's overall health. Early symptoms may include fever, headache, weakness, and fatigue. As the disease progresses, symptoms can become more severe and can include:
* Agitation and confusion
* Seizures and paralysis
* Hydrophobia (fear of water)
* Spasms and twitching
* Increased salivation
* Fever and chills
* Weakness and paralysis of the face, arms, and legs
If left untreated, rabies is almost always fatal. However, prompt medical attention, including the administration of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), can prevent the disease from progressing and save the life of an infected person. PEP typically involves a series of injections with rabies immune globulin and a rabies vaccine.
Rabies is a significant public health concern, particularly in developing countries where access to medical care may be limited. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), there are an estimated 55,000-60,000 human deaths from rabies each year, mostly in Asia and Africa. In the United States, rabies is relatively rare, with only a few cases reported each year. However, it is still important for individuals to be aware of the risks of rabies and take precautions to prevent exposure, such as avoiding contact with wild animals and ensuring that pets are up-to-date on their vaccinations.
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USDA Food and Nutrition Service | Food and Nutrition Service
Register | E-Agriculture
What Is Urban Agriculture?
Cyndi's List - Farming & Agriculture - Directories
Digital agriculture - CSIRO
Agriculture: State-of-the-art soil | Nature
Agriculture Archives - NewsBlaze News
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States With the Biggest Agriculture Industry, Ranked
ZAMBIA AGRICULTURE VALUE CHAIN FACILITY
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Precision Agriculture Certificate - Soil & Water Systems
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Agriculture Secretary Archives - Free Speech TV
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Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Program | NIOSH | CDC
Technology reshaping agriculture in China - Xinhua | English.news.cn
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Global $12.2 Billion Agriculture Micronutrients Market to
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College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences
Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Sector (AFF)
Forestry5
- The Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Program (AgFF) provides leadership and coordination between intra- and extramural efforts nationwide to prevent work-related injuries and illnesses among the nation's agricultural, forestry, and fishing workers. (cdc.gov)
- The Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing sector has approximately 2.3 million workers and includes all jobs under NAICS code 11 . (cdc.gov)
- The Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing program has selected research priorities on the basis of burden, need, and impact and collaborated with other NIOSH research programs to write the research goals in the NIOSH Strategic Plan for FYs 2019-2024 . (cdc.gov)
- The AgFF Program helps lead the NORA Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Council , which brings together individuals and organizations to share information, form partnerships, and promote adoption and dissemination of solutions that work. (cdc.gov)
- As NIOSH celebrates half a century of work in occupational safety and health, the Institute's Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing (AgFF) Program reflects on 30 years of research and outreach designed to protect the people who produce our nation's food and fiber. (cdc.gov)
Nutrition1
- The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing its intention to receive and consider a single source application for award of a cooperative agreement in fiscal year 2018 (FY 2018) to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations to support global strategies that address food safety, nutrition and public health. (nih.gov)
Uganda's2
- As the backbone of Uganda's economy, agriculture has the potential to create lucrative livelihoods and lift thousands of Ugandans out of poverty, especially with the adoption of modern techniques and better quality inputs. (worldbank.org)
- Masaba is the manager of the Kalangala Oil Palm Growers Trust (KOPGT), an initiative designed to produce vegetable oil that now employs 600 women and is managed by Uganda's ministry of agriculture, animal industry and fisheries, located close to Lake Victoria. (ipsnews.net)
Soil1
- Hope for that application has faded somewhat, but soil scientists are now exploring its use in agriculture and remediating pollution. (nature.com)
Ministry of Agricult1
- Li Weiguo, an official with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, said that China would advance the scientific and technological innovation of agricultural machines, providing efficient equipment and technical support for the upgrading of its agricultural mechanization. (xinhuanet.com)
Fisheries1
- The next agriculture, livestock and fisheries minister of Argentina, as anticipated by MercoPress, will be Luis Basterra, president-elect Alberto Fernandez confirmed on Friday, an appointment met with some scepticism by farmers worried about a possible revival of interventionist policies. (mercopress.com)
Environmental4
- In terms of environmental sustainability, agriculture does impact land - and not always in positive ways. (webmd.com)
- We also took a look at the economic and environmental impact of the agriculture industry for each state, based on data from the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture , as well as how the industry affects residents and what aspects about that state make it ideal for agriculture. (newsweek.com)
- Precision agriculture systems are being adopted globally to help ensure a safe and sustainable food supply while reducing environmental impacts. (uidaho.edu)
- Understand the economic, regulatory and environmental context of agriculture and how precision agriculture addresses related challenges. (uidaho.edu)
Sector3
- This project will support the access to finance for private sector entities - mainly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) - carrying out agriculture value chain projects. (eib.org)
- Additionally, our convening power and private-sector insights provide our partners with the ability to integrate practical, up-to-date information about commercial activity in agriculture. (mckinsey.com)
- The following articles present a brief summary of topics of interest specific to French law which apply to French and foreign companies in the food, beverage and agriculture sector, when products are marketed in France. (jdsupra.com)
Livestock1
- Also known as urban farming, urban agriculture refers to growing and/or distributing produce and livestock. (webmd.com)
Urban agriculture13
- What Is Urban Agriculture? (webmd.com)
- Community gardens and farmers markets continue to pop up in the U.S. These urban agriculture programs can improve access to food, create jobs, beautify areas, and provide education and volunteering opportunities. (webmd.com)
- While it creates much-needed food (especially in food deserts, where fresh food can be hard to find), urban agriculture also creates challenges. (webmd.com)
- If you grow or distribute agricultural products in an urban or suburban area, that's known as urban agriculture. (webmd.com)
- Related urban agriculture initiatives aim to use food waste or divert viable produce so it doesn't go into landfills. (webmd.com)
- How Does Urban Agriculture Work? (webmd.com)
- Urban agriculture programs can work differently, depending on the type of program. (webmd.com)
- An urban agriculture program can be private or receive funding from the federal or state government. (webmd.com)
- In the U.S., the Department of Agriculture has loans and grants - as well as guidance on how to launch a program - to help people and groups with urban agriculture programs. (webmd.com)
- Urban agriculture can positively affect a community's health by providing food security, community relationships, and overall health. (webmd.com)
- Can Urban Agriculture Reduce Food Deserts? (webmd.com)
- In many developing countries, urban agriculture can be essential in terms of producing food. (webmd.com)
- Community gardens and other urban agriculture programs can raise property values, too. (webmd.com)
Diet1
- Efforts to promote health through improved diet require an understanding of the intersections that comprise global nutritional ecology, including agriculture, food systems, health, disease, and a changing environment across the life span. (nih.gov)
Farmers4
- We are using our expertise in digital innovation and agriculture to improve decision making for farmers, agribusiness, policy-makers and researchers. (www.csiro.au)
- The activity is to enhance the capacity of the extensions services in the provision of relevant support to farmers to improve cocoa and other agriculture production through effective Occupational Safety and Health measures, actions against child labour, especially with respect to hazardous work, including their active participation in the Ghana Child Labour Monitoring System (GCLMS). (ilo.org)
- President Donald Trump on Monday hailed a banner day for American farmers, announcing two trade agreements with Japan that he said would deepen economic ties in agriculture and digital commerce. (mercopress.com)
- The Matching Enterprise Grants for Agriculture (MEGA) program assists beginning farmers who are between 1 and 10 years in business by providing technical assistance (including a mentorship option) and business planning assistance. (mass.gov)
Youth2
- And the only way to do this is to get youth and more women involved in agriculture. (ipsnews.net)
- Together, with our partners, we are igniting innovation and driving excellence in agriculture education, cultivating high-impact programs for rural youth and accelerating potential for careers in agriculture. (uidaho.edu)
Grants1
- Learn more about the Matching Enterprise Grants for Agriculture (MEGA) program and how to apply. (mass.gov)
Aquaculture1
- 1] Agriculture includes crop production, animal production, and aquaculture. (cdc.gov)
Driven2
- Brazil's economy expanded in the third quarter at its fastest pace since early last year, official data showed on Tuesday, with 0.6% growth over the previous quarter driven by a strong performance in agriculture and a sharp rebound in the industry. (mercopress.com)
- Precision agriculture adoption is driven by increased population, lack of arable land for farming and growth in technology. (uidaho.edu)
Department1
- The agriculture industry in Rhode Island has grown since the early 2000s, thanks in part to the Rhode Island Department of Agriculture's increased marketing strategies. (newsweek.com)
News1
- It is not new news that agriculture has excessive worker injury rates. (cdc.gov)
Exposure1
- Future work to develop exposure metrics that incorporate both chemical and behavior characteristics for all farmworkers and farm residents will further improve epidemiologic studies in agriculture. (nih.gov)
Guidance1
- Precision agriculture started with GPS guidance systems in the early 1990s. (uidaho.edu)
Occupational1
- 2014] An estimate of the U.S. government's undercount of nonfatal occupational injuries and illnesses in agriculture. (cdc.gov)
Program1
- You can prepare for a challenging and rewarding career in precision agriculture through a new, 13-credit certificate program. (uidaho.edu)
Industry4
- Most Americans don't recognize just how much the agriculture industry affects their everyday lives. (newsweek.com)
- Stacker ranked each U.S. state by the size of its agriculture industry. (newsweek.com)
- Keep reading to see where your state's agriculture industry ranks. (newsweek.com)
- The Veterinary Diagnostic Services (VDS) laboratory is the sole provider of veterinary diagnostic testing in Manitoba for companion animals and the agriculture-food industry. (gov.mb.ca)
Page1
- We welcome you to the registration page for the e-Agriculture Community. (fao.org)
Produces1
- While Alaska's weather is temperamental by agriculture standards, the lack of pests produces some high-quality crops. (newsweek.com)
Production2
- Long-term goals include reduction in the number of injuries and better planning for the changing training needs as agriculture evolves from small plots and hand tools to larger-scale, mechanized production. (nih.gov)
- Nanotechnology has emerged as a key empowering technology for agriculture production due to its higher efficiency and accurate target delivery. (bvsalud.org)
Challenges1
- Lastly, we propose a framework to overcome current challenges and develop a strategy for safe, effective and acceptable applications of MNMs in nano-enabled agriculture . (bvsalud.org)
Management3
- New opportunities are opening up in agriculture and land management that weren't dreamed of just a few years ago. (www.csiro.au)
- GIS imagery and remote sensing will become critical to agriculture management by detecting change through multitemporal datasets and imagery in real time at scale. (esri.com)
- Discover how to apply precision agriculture technologies to the management of nutrients and irrigation water. (uidaho.edu)
Main1
- The agriculture mechanization rate of main crops in Jilin is more than 80 percent. (xinhuanet.com)
Develop1
- Jilin is just one example of China's push to develop modern agriculture. (xinhuanet.com)
Systems1
- This report presents the results of a survey on the working and living conditions of adult and child labourers under the haruwa, charuwa and haliya systems in agriculture, prevalent in certain rural Districts of Nepal. (ilo.org)
Farm3
- Members of Girls Farm, based in Japan's Yamagata Prefecture, are changing the image of agriculture. (ipsnews.net)
- In 2010, Harada, who was born in Tokyo, joined the Girls Farm, a project launched in Yamagata Prefecture, located in the Tohoku region of Honshu Island, by a local female farmer keen to change the stodgy image of Japanese agriculture. (ipsnews.net)
- Objective: Stimulate and encourage investigations in biomedicine and agriculture through the use of pertinent large domestic farm animals that mimic specific human developmental, physiological or disease states. (nih.gov)
National2
- Poverty reduction among households working in agriculture accounts for 79% of the national poverty reduction observed between 2006 and 2013. (worldbank.org)
- This situation, experts say, is the result of a national policy that ignored agriculture in favour of industrial development - through the auto manufacturing and electronics sectors - to turn Japan's devastated post-war economy into a high-tech exporter nation, and the third largest economy in the world after the United States and China. (ipsnews.net)
Products1
- Alaska officials are aware that their state isn't known for agriculture, so they stamp their products with a distinct seal. (newsweek.com)