Manufacturer of Agricultural Irrigation Systems, Suppliers of Agricultural Irrigation Systems, Dealers of Agricultural Irrigation Systems in Egypt

Treated wastewater reuse for irrigation has gained a greater significance as an alternative resource to meet the growing water demands for agriculture and reduce the pressure on limited existing fresh water. However, this reuse needs adapted management in order to avoid environmental and health risks. An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to evaluate the effect of different irrigation methods on the Metallic Trace elements and metals concentrations of a Tunisian soil (pH = 8.6) and corn when using treated wastewater. Four irrigation methods: surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, drip irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation, and two water qualities were used: treated wastewater and fresh water. Samples of soil and corn were analyzed for several Metallic Trace elements. Results for soil showed that treated wastewater increased electrical conductivity, nutrients and metallic trace elements. The highest levels of salinity and Metallic Trace elements were recorded with using surface ...

ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Food-borne disease outbreaks caused by Escherichia coli have been linked to the use of faecally-polluted irrigation waters. Thus the overall aim of this research was to evaluate irrigation water and agricultural effluents as sources of antibiotic resistant E. coli in the Western Cape. The aim of the first study was to enumerate and characterise E. coli present in irrigation water and in potential contamination sources. Maximum total coliform and E. coli counts for irrigation sites was log 7.862 and log 5.364 MPN.100 mL-1, respectively. Five out of seven irrigation sites had E. coli counts exceeding national and international guidelines for safe irrigation water (,1 000 counts.100 mL-1), making it unsafe for the irrigation of fresh produce. In this study, 46.6% of the E. coli strains were characterised in phylogenetic group B1. It has been shown that E. coli in group B1 have the ability to survive and persist in the external environment. Group B1 was also the most common group ...

Accurate accounting of irrigation water use is an important part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Use Information Program and the WaterSMART initiative to help maintain sustainable water resources in the Nation. Irrigation water use in the humid eastern United States is not well characterized because of inadequate reporting and wide variability associated with climate, soils, crops, and farming practices. To better understand irrigation water use in the eastern United States, two types of predictive models were developed and compared by using metered irrigation water-use data for corn, cotton, peanut, and soybean crops in Georgia and turf farms in Rhode Island. Reliable metered irrigation data were limited to these areas. The first predictive model that was developed uses logistic regression to predict the occurrence of irrigation on the basis of antecedent climate conditions. Logistic regression equations were developed for corn, cotton, peanut, and soybean crops by using weekly irrigation.

Tree growth, fruit production and population dynamics of three root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita, M. arenaria and M. javanica were evaluated during six years in a peach planting. The treatments were: 1) preplant soil fumigation with methyl bromide at 450 kg/ha + mycorrhizae at planting, 2) root-knot nematode + Dactylella oviparasitica (S isolate), 3) root-knot nematode + soil from an established peach orchard, and 4) root-knot nematode alone. These four treatments were evaluated under normal and high irrigation regimes. Methyl bromide treatment improved tree growth, fruit production, and nematode control most. D. oviparasitica did not improve growth. The high irrigation regime counteracted the detrimental effects of root-knot nematode without reducing the nematode population. After 6 years root-knot nematode numbers were declining in all treatments except those previously free of the nematode.

Using pressure plate and membrane apparatus, irrigation regime of -500kPa was calculated. Forty AM fungal isolates were tested based on their peroxidase activity in soybean plant. Among the AMF, the soybean plants which received UASDAMFS1 (3.86 U mg^-1 protein) exhibited less peroxidase activity compared to non mycorhized soybean plants which recorded the highest peroxidase activity (5.06 U mg^-1 protein) at irrigation regime of -500 kPa. Total dry matter accumulation in plants was also recorded.

Impact of regulated deficit irrigation on the physiological characteristics of two rapeseed varieties as affected by different potassium rates

Due to climate changes and increased demands of different water users (agriculture, industry, domestic) water becomes scarce resources worldwide. Since irrigated agriculture is the one of the largest consumer of these resources (so called blue water footprint), irrigation management must be shifted from maximal production per crop area to maximal production per unit of water used by crops. Among the strategies for reducing water footprints, changing the full irrigation to the reduced crops water supply (deficit irrigation techniques) is one of the options. In this mini-review we present the latest advances of partial root-zone drying (PRD) applications in different agricultural plants, with the special emphases on the PRD effects on increasing WUE, yield and yield quality. We describe two PRD practical approaches (alternate and fixed), background of PRD induced increase in yield and water use efficiency and improved understanding about nutrient use efficiency. The evidence of PRD effect on the increase

The impact of water deficit on berry quality has been extensively investigated during the last decades. Nonetheless, there is a scarcity of knowledge on the performance of varieties exposed to a combination of high temperatures/water stress during the growing season and under vineyard conditions. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of two irrigation regimes, sustained deficit irrigation (SDI, 30% ETc) and regulated deficit irrigation (RDI, 15% ETc) and of two cluster positions within the canopy (east- and west-exposed sides) on berry ripening in red Aragonez (Tempranillo) grapevines. The study was undertaken for two successive years in a commercial vineyard in South Portugal, monitoring the following parameters: pre-dawn leaf water potential, berry temperature, sugars, polyphenols, abscisic acid (ABA) and related metabolites. Additionally, expression patterns for different transcripts encoding for enzymes responsible for anthocyanin and ABA biosynthesis (VviUFGT, VvNCED1,

Characteristics of Groundwater Quality for Agricultural Irrigation in Plastic Film House Using Multivariate Analysis Multivariate statistical analysis;Groundwater quality;Factor analysis;Irrigation water; The main purpose of this study is to accumulate the fundamental data representing groundwater of plastic film houses by means of water quality and its multivariate statistical analysis. Groundwater samples were collected in every two years since 2000 to 2004 from total 211 sites. According to the result of water quality analysis, ground water quality was suitable for irrigation purpose averagely. Correlation analysis showed that EC was highest positively correlated with $Mg^{2+}$ to 0.810(p<0.01), 0.776(p<0.01) in April and July, respectively. $NO_3-N$ was highest positively correlated with T-N to 0.794(p<0.01) in October. This result shows that it can lead to a different result even in similar case sometimes. Four factors were extracted through factor analysis in April and July, but five factors

Agricultural Irrigation Systems and Drainage Conference scheduled on November 17-18, 2020 in November 2020 in Tokyo is for the researchers, scientists, scholars, engineers, academic, scientific and university practitioners to present research activities that might want to attend events, meetings, seminars, congresses, workshops, summit, and symposiums.

Article Efficacy of chlorine, chlorine dioxide and ultraviolet radiation as disinfectants against plant pathogens in irrigation water. Abstract A number of disinfection treatments are available to treat irrigation water to reduce the risk of plant d...

The role of irrigation water in disseminating Erwinia amylovora is not fully recognized, and the survival of the bacterium in natural water has not been carefully investigated. This risk has been underestimated, since it is generally considered that E. amylovora survives only for a short period in water and its isolation from natural water samples has not been reported. The main goal of this study has been to clarify whether E. amylovora could survive under nutrient starvation conditions usually found in aquatic environments and if it is nonculturable on solid media when recovered from sterile natural water. Infectivity of E. amylovora cells in water was evaluated by using immature pear fruits. Total and viable cell counts were monitored by the Live/Dead viability kit, and culturability by plate counts on King's B medium. E. amylovora was able to survive in water from different sources showing a long persistence in irrigation water and maintaining its infectivity for green pears. However, a ...

Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1994. Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, 2007. Grove, Linda; Daniels, Christian). Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1984. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1984. Ann Arbor: Association for Asian Studies, 1998. TAs rather alone produce( S)-selectivity. TA from Alcaligenes eutrophus( Banerjee et al. TA from Arthrobacter problem by modified feature need for their way Prejudice regional. This download major crops and water scarcity in egypt irrigation water in administrator had video.

Results for agricultural irrigation equipment equipment from Adcon, AgDrone, Algae and other leading brands. Compare and contact a supplier near you on agriculture-xprt.com

Agricultural irrigation equipment - Filters for microirrigation - Part 3: Automatic flushing strainer-type filters and disc filters

EAGLE PASS - The Texas Water Resources Institute is hosting an educational field day focusing on water conservation in irrigated agriculture for producers Sept. 13 in Eagle Pass.. The event is free and will be from 8 a.m.-12:30 p.m. at the Maverick County Junior Livestock Show Meeting Room, 2350 E. Main St. Registration will begin at 8 a.m.. The workshop is co-hosted by the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service and Texas Water Development Board.. Dr. Lucas Gregory, Texas Water Resources Institute research scientist, College Station, said the event is open to anyone interested in irrigation water conservation, but attendees are required to preregister at http://twri.tamu.edu/irrigation. The workshop will include speakers from AgriLife Extension, Texas Water Development Board and U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service.. Gregory said presenters will discuss recent advances and practices in irrigation water conservation, the economics of water conserving practices and ...

Quantifying sap fluxes and ABA concentrations of xylem saps collected from different parts of the root system may assist in modelling leaf xylem ABA concentration ([X-ABA](leaf)) of plants grown with heterogeneous soil moisture distribution. To investigate the contribution of different parts of the root system to total sap flow and [X-ABA](leaf), individual shoots were grafted onto the root systems of two plants grown in two separate compartments and sap flow sensors placed on each hypocotyl below the graft union. Two different irrigation regimes were imposed: conventional deficit irrigation (DI) where both pots received the same volumes of water, and partial rootzone drying (PRD) where only one pot (designated "wet") was watered and other (designated "dry") dried the substrate. In plants grown in 3 L pots that were vertically divided into two watertight compartments, soil water content (theta) and sap flow were continuously monitored. In plants grown in 2 appressed 0.43 L pots, xylem sap was ...

This paper examines land use policy and agricultural water management in Africa from 1962 to 2011. For this purpose, data were gathered from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Bank Group. Using the FAO database, ten indices were selected: permanent crops to cultivated area (%), rural population to total population (%), total economically active population in agriculture to total economically active population (%), human development index, national rainfall index (mm/year), value added to gross domestic product by agriculture (%), irrigation water requirement (mm/year), percentage of total cultivated area drained (%), difference between national rainfall index and irrigation water requirement (mm/year), area equipped for irrigation to cultivated area or land use policy index (%). These indices were analyzed for all 53 countries in the study area and the land use policy index was estimated by two different formulas. The results show that value of relative ...

Results for irrigation water management software from CDN-PC, Davis, FieldScout GreenIndex+ and other leading brands. Compare and contact a supplier near you on agriculture-xprt.com

Deficit irrigation can be a useful management tool to increase water productivity of forage and sheep production from pastures in water deprived areas of the world. A three year study compared sheep production from permanent sown pastures on clay-loam soil in a dry continental climate that were irrigated at four levels in Konya, Central Anatolia Region of Turkey. Pastures were established in 2007 with red fescue (Festuca rubra L.), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne

Regulated Deficit Irrigation Alters Anthocyanins, Tannins and Sensory Properties of Cabernet Sauvignon Grapes and Wines. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.

Gotta get-get, gotta get-get Gotta get-get, gotta g-g-g-get-get-get, get-get Boom boom boom, gotta get-get Boom boom boom, gotta get-get Boom boom boom, gotta get-get Boom boom boom, gotta get-get Boom boom boom, now Boom boom boom, now Boom boom pow Boom boom Yo, I got that hit that beat the block You can get that…

Effect of different nitrogen and irrigation treatments on yield and nitrate leaching of summer maize (Zea mays L.) under lysimeter ...

Managing irrigation systems requires understanding crop water usage. Read about estimating crop water use rates, and factors affecting water use.

Downloadable! Over-allocation of fresh water resources to consumptive uses, coupled with recurring drought and the prospect of climate change, is compromising the stocks of natural capital in the worlds basins and reducing their ability to provide ecosystem services. To combat this, governments world wide are making significant investment in efforts to improve sharing of water between consumptive uses and the environment, with many investments centred on modernisation of inefficient irrigation delivery systems, and the purchase of water by government for environmental flows. In this study, spatial targeting was applied within a cost-benefit framework to reconfigure agricultural land use in an irrigation district to achieve a 20% reduction in agricultural water use to increase environmental flows and improve the provision of other ecosystem services. We demonstrate using spatial planning and optimisation models that a targeted land use reconfiguration policy approach could potentially increase the net

Traditionally, irrigation water is grouped into various quality classes in order to guide the user to the potential advantages as well as problems associated with its use and to achieve optimum crop production. The water quality classifications are only indicative guidelines and their application will have to be adjusted to conditions that prevail in the field. This is so because the conditions of water use in irrigation are very complex and difficult to predict. The suitability of water for irrigation will greatly depend on the climatic conditions, physical and chemical properties of the soil, the salt tolerance of the crop grown and the management practices. Thus, classification of water for irrigation will always be general in nature and applicable under average use conditions. Many schemes of classification for irrigation water have been proposed. Ayers and Westcot (FAO 1985) classified irrigation water into three groups based on salinity, sodicity, toxicity and miscellaneous hazards, as ...

This ratio quantifies the proportion of sodium (Na+) to calcium (Ca++) and magnesium (Mg++) ions in a water sample. In the soil, calcium will flocculate (hold together), while sodium disperses (pushes apart) soil particles leading to poor soil condition. Many factors including soil texture, organic matter, crop type, climate, irrigation system, and management impact how sodium in irrigation water affects soils. Sodium in irrigation water can cause toxicity problems for some crops, especially when the water is applied with a sprinkler system. SAR and ECw are interdependent and thus irrigation suitability is characterized by both values. The following is a breakdown of the general classifications of irrigation water based upon the SAR values. Course Sand to Fine Sandy Loam: maximum EC of 3000 micromhos per centimeter and maximum SAR of 12; Loam and Silt Loam: maximum EC of 3000 micromhos per centimeter and maximum SAR of 9; Very Fine Sandy Loam to Silty Clay Loam: maximum EC of 2250 micromhos per ...

1952 w. SEDAR MULTIPLE IRRIGATION TUBING Filed May 21, 1951 INVENWR: I l/ILL /AM 55041? Patented Dec. 9, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE MULTIPLE IRRIGATION TUBING William Sedar, Santa Barbara, Calif., assignor to Resin Industries, Santa. Barbara, Calif., a. corportion of California 7 Claims. 1 The present invention relates in general to irrigation tubings and a primary object of the invention is to provide a tubing which will distribute irrigation water evenly over relatively large areas. In irrigating orchards or groves, such as citrus or avocado groves, a sprinkling or spraying action is desirable to obtain uniform distribution of the irrigation water and to avoid the necessity for ditching the grove, which damages the feeder roots found close to the surface. The present invention is applicable to irrigating such orchards or groves and will be considered in connection therewith as a matter of convenience, although it will be understood that it may be employed for irrigating many other ...

Completed in 1908, McDougall Centre was originally the Calgary Normal School and later became a public school. Constructed in the Beaux-Arts style, McDougall Centre became a historic site in 1982. Today, it is the southern headquarters and conference centre for the Government of Alberta located in downtown Calgary. The irrigation system of the centre was constructed in 1983, however, the system on the East side was replaced around 2005. The irrigation water service is in an underground chamber, and the irrigation controller is in a utility room on the West side of the building. There are multiple battery operated controllers in the field. LIS was hired by Alberta Infrastructure to audit the existing irrigation system and to provide short and long term recommendations.. ...

Grant County, WA) Landau Associates is assisting Four Cross Ranch to obtain Article 28 and Phase I Water Service contracts with the Quincy-Columbia Basin Irrigation District (QCBID) to develop over 1,500 acres of center pivots in the High Hills area of Irrigation Block 91 in the north portion of the Quincy Basin. Water Service contract issuance is contingent on drainage approval from the Bureau of Reclamation. The High Hills is a 14-square mile area between lower Grand Coulee and Dry Coulee and directly above Soap Lake. The lake is unique in that it has no surface water inlet or outlet and no groundwater outlet (all inflow is from groundwater; all discharge is from evaporation). Initial development of the Columbia Basin Project in the late 1940s and early 1950s led to flooding of Soap Lake and a decrease in salinity. The Bureau had deferred irrigation of the High Hills because of the unknown impact of irrigation return flows from spray irrigation on recharge to Soap Lake. Stratigraphy beneath ...

Furthermore, the assumption is made that 100 ha of land is available for the production of maize while 2 water supply scenarios are considered. Scenario 1 is characterised by a situation where enough water is available to irrigate 100 ha of maize without sustaining any crop yield loss due to salinity (α = 1). Thus, the farmer needs to reduce his area irrigated to release water for leaching purposes when irrigation water quality deteriorates further. With Scenario 2 water supply is assumed to be 10% more than that of Scenario 1 (α = 1.1). However, the area that can be irrigated remains at 100 ha. Scenario 1. Figure 2 shows the tradeoff that exists between deteriorating irrigation water salinity and the on-farm margin above specified costs (a), the marginal value of irrigation water (b), soil water salinity (c), amount of water used to leach excess salt from the soil (d), the area under production (e) and crop yield (f). The results in the graphs show that no tradeoff is modelled when the ...

The Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) is an independent federal government agency that regulates the use of nuclear energy and material to protect health, safety, security and the environment and to respect Canadas international commitments on the peaceful use of nuclear energy.

The main objective of any irrigation program is the development of an efficient water management system to sustain crop growth and development and avoid physiological water stress in the growing plants. Field experiment to evaluate the effects of some soil moisture conservation practices on yield and water use efficiency (WUE) of maize was carried out in three locations (i.e. Mubi and Yola in the northern Guinea Savannah and Ganye in the southern Guinea Savannah of Adamawa State, Nigeria) during the dry seasons of 2013 and 2014. The experiment consisted of three different irrigation levels (7, 10 and 12 day irrigation intervals), two levels of mulch (mulch and un-mulched) and two tillage practices (no tillage and minimum tillage) arranged in a randomized complete block design with split-split plot arrangement and replicated three times. The Blaney-Criddle method was used for measuring crop evapotranspiration. The results indicated that seven-day irrigation intervals and mulched treatment were ...

An irrigation district assuming responsibility for a water system that is not in compliance with state or federal requirements for public drinking water systems, and its agents and employees, are immune from lawsuits or causes of action, based on noncompliance with state or federal requirements for public drinking water systems, which predate the date of assuming responsibility and continue after the date of assuming responsibility, provided that the irrigation district has submitted and is complying with a plan and schedule of improvements approved by the department of health. This immunity shall expire on the earlier of the date the plan of improvements is completed or four years from the date of assuming responsibility. This immunity does not apply to intentional injuries, fraud, or bad faith ...

For credit ratings that are derived exclusively from an existing credit rating of a program, series, category/class of debt, support provider or primary rated entity, or that replace a previously assigned provisional rating at the same rating level, Moodys publishes a rating announcement on that series, category/class of debt or program as a whole, on the support provider or primary rated entity, or on the provisional rating, but often does not publish a specific rating announcement on each subsequent bond or note for which the credit rating is derived from the existing credit rating. Rating announcements are usually press releases classified as Rating Actions on www.moodys.com. Please refer to the Research tab on the issuer/entity page for the rating announcement. ...

The concentration of heavy metals including As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn, Sb, Co and Ni in soil of the EU was assessed. • An estimated % or 137,000 km 2 agricultural land needs local assessment and eventual remediation action.. A need for a comprehensive monitoring of HM in soil in the European Union is proposed.. Get Price ...

A system and method of making a lesion on living tissue including providing an electrosurgical system, determining a desired lesion depth, selecting a power setting, and applying electrical energy to the living tissue. The system includes an instrument having an electrode at a distal portion thereof, and a power source having multiple available power settings. The power source is electrically connected to the electrode. The step of applying electrical energy includes energizing the electrode at the selected power setting for a recommended energization time period that is determined by reference to predetermined length of time information and based upon the desired lesion depth and the selected power setting. The system preferably further includes a fluid source for irrigating the electrode at an irrigation rate. In this regard, the predetermined length of time information is generated as a function of irrigation rate.

Beyond Pesticides has investigated treated wastewater from homes and residential areas. This research indicates that treated wastewater acts as a prominent food contaminant when used for irrigation. While wastewater recycling has many benefits, there are a host of issues that must be addressed before using wastewater for irrigation can be considered safe. Chief among them is contaminants of emerging concern. Contaminants of emerging concern are chemicals that typically have not been monitored in the environment, but have only recently been detected in waterways and municipal wastewater. Chemicals include are flame retardants, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. Although Beyond Pesticides research specifically looked at treated wastewater from homes and the specific types of contaminants that are found in this water, it highlights the fact that current technology is unable to remove all toxicants from wastewater.. As for Kern County, the treated wastewater from Chevron Oil ...

4) Drip nozzles.. The head consists of a pump to lift water and produce the desired pressure (about 2.5 tmosphere) and to distribute water through nozzles. A fertilizer tank for applying fertilizer solution directly to the field along with the irrigation water and filter which cleans the suspended impurities in irrigation water to prevent the blockage of holes and passage of drip and nozzles. Mains and sub mains are normally of flexible material such as black PVC pipes. Laterals or drip lines are small diameter flexible lines (usually 1 to 1.25 cm diameter black PVC tubes) taking off from the mains or sub mains. Laterals are normally laid parallel to each other. Lateral lines can be up to about 50 meters long and are usually 1.2 cm diameter black plastic tubing. There is usually one lateral line for each crop row. By laying the main line along the center line of the field, it is possible to irrigate either side of the field alternately by shifting the laterals. A pressure drop of 10 percent is ...

The growing threat of drought and rising water demand have made accurate forecasts of crop water use critical for farmland water management and sustainability.. But limitations in existing models and satellite data pose challenges for precise estimates of evapotranspiration-a combination of evaporation from soil and transpiration from plants. The process is complex and difficult to model, and existing remote-sensing data cant provide accurate, high-resolution information on a daily basis.. A new high-resolution mapping framework called BESS-STAIR promises to do just that, around the globe. BESS-STAIR is composed of a satellite-driven biophysical model integrating plants water, carbon and energy cycles - the Breathing Earth System Simulator (BESS) - with a generic and fully automated fusion algorithm called STAIR (SaTellite dAta IntegRation).. The framework, developed by researchers with the U.S. Department of Energys Center for Advanced Bioenergy and Bioproducts Innovation (CABBI) at the ...

Figure 2. Definition Sketch of an Irrigation System The approach which has been applied to irrigated agricultural development in the past is characterized by separating the development of water resources from the management aspects of water resource utilization. Therefore, the record shows development being emphasized greatly while management is most often neglected. This orthodox approach has been used almost exclusively in the western United States with reasonable success. However, as water resources become more fully utilized, the necessity for meeting new water demands (along with physical, socioeconomic, and political problems of water quality degradation) require that we reject much of the conventional wisdom of the past. It should also be obvious that many other countries have neither the time nor the resources that many western irrigated regions had to utilize in their development. Pressures created by rapidly rising population rates alone will force them at some point to re-evaluate ...

The amount of energy saved through recycling depends upon the material being recycled and the type of energy accounting that is used. Correct accounting for this saved energy can be accomplished with life-cycle analysis using real energy values. In addition, exergy, which is a measure of useful energy can be used. In general, it takes far less energy to produce a unit mass of recycled materials than it does to make the same mass of virgin materials.[80][81][82]. Some scholars use emergy (spelled with an m) analysis, for example, budgets for the amount of energy of one kind (exergy) that is required to make or transform things into another kind of product or service. Emergy calculations take into account economics which can alter pure physics based results. Using emergy life-cycle analysis researchers have concluded that materials with large refining costs have the greatest potential for high recycle benefits. Moreover, the highest emergy efficiency accrues from systems geared toward material ...

Salinity management is particularly important in dry regions that rely on irrigation. Many irrigation operations recycle irrigation water. Over time, as water is recycled again and again, salt levels in the water build up and salt is deposited in the soil, which reduces the soils ability to absorb water and air. As salt levels in irrigated land increase, a white or black crust can form at the surface of the soil. Plants start to suffer damage when soil sodium concentration exceeds 230 milligrams per liter, and chloride concentrations in soil exceed 350 milligrams per liter. Periodic deep irrigation with fresh irrigation water helps remove salt from soil.. ...

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of irrigation water use and allocation in the Waihou Catchment. It follows on from similar work for other parts of the Waikato Region. It will further extend the understanding of water use and allocation in the Region and contribute to the development of water management policy and planning.. The surface water resources of the Waihou Catchment are close to full allocation. Future demand for surface water will need to be met from improvements in efficiency of current water uses and allocations. Irrigation accounts for 50 percent of the daily take, and therefore any improvements in on-farm water use and/or allocations will be a major benefit. This is applicable to not only the Waihou Catchment, but also to other catchments where water resources are a constraint to future development.. Irrigation Efficiency and Water Allocation in the Waihou Catchment ...

All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this items handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc. For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: (Dana Niculescu). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/agwat ...

Climate change is causing growing variability and uncertainty in rainfall in Africa. Since the continents food production systems are dominantly rain-fed, these changes are putting food security at even higher risk. In order to reduce this dependency, institutional reforms in the agricultural water sectors have become a priority in research and policy.. In this report, Atakilte Beyene, senior researcher at the Nordic Africa Institute, together with twelve researchers based in Africa, studies current agricultural water reforms in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and other East African countries. The report consists of four case studies and an introductory section. The first case study evaluates the performance of community participation in water resources governance in the Mount Kenya Region. It uncovers the implication of a ban on traditional institutions on water security at a catchment level. The second case analyses the prospects of introducing pro-poor water schemes in conditions where climate ...

/PRNewswire/ -- Today, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration announced a new protocol for the development and registration of antimicrobial treatments for...

Actually, leaving water out in the sun may promote algae growth. The algae comes from stuff floating around in the air that gets in the water while you are filling the container. I have a 275 gallon LDPE tote on a trailer that I keep for wash water or other needs. I use groundwater from an aquifer about 75 ft. deep and this water is sterile when it is pumped from the well. Unless I disinfect the water in the tote, algae will start to grow and the water will turn green. Once disinfected, this doesnt happen, since the tote is capped and nothing gets in. I keep my irrigation water in blue LDPE drums that are opaque. I dont mind algae in my irrigation water, but it plugs the drippers ...

Water cards. Pink and light blue cards were used to represent water. One pink card was used as the equivalent to the volume of enough water to transplant and irrigate 0.1 ha of rice. Pink cards represented water used in the first cycle (first week of June to October) and light blue cards represented water used in the second cycle (third week of June to October). This means that farmers could place only one water card in one plot to indicate that that plot has been planted to rice. This card could be sold, exchanged, or used for transaction among villagers in a community or between farmers of the two communities. The game facilitator issued water cards in correspondence to the rainfall type. In the normal-rainfall season, Thruelpa received 5 water cards, Chhep 3 cards, Chatho 2 cards, and Lhangchu 1 card. During the low-rainfall pattern, the water provision was reduced by one unit, that is, 1 card less for each category ...