Agranulocytosis: A decrease in the number of GRANULOCYTES; (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS).Antithyroid Agents: Agents that are used to treat hyperthyroidism by reducing the excessive production of thyroid hormones.Methimazole: A thioureylene antithyroid agent that inhibits the formation of thyroid hormones by interfering with the incorporation of iodine into tyrosyl residues of thyroglobulin. This is done by interfering with the oxidation of iodide ion and iodotyrosyl groups through inhibition of the peroxidase enzyme.Levamisole: An antihelminthic drug that has been tried experimentally in rheumatic disorders where it apparently restores the immune response by increasing macrophage chemotaxis and T-lymphocyte function. Paradoxically, this immune enhancement appears to be beneficial in rheumatoid arthritis where dermatitis, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia, and nausea and vomiting have been reported as side effects. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p435-6)Clozapine: A tricylic dibenzodiazepine, classified as an atypical antipsychotic agent. It binds several types of central nervous system receptors, and displays a unique pharmacological profile. Clozapine is a serotonin antagonist, with strong binding to 5-HT 2A/2C receptor subtype. It also displays strong affinity to several dopaminergic receptors, but shows only weak antagonism at the dopamine D2 receptor, a receptor commonly thought to modulate neuroleptic activity. Agranulocytosis is a major adverse effect associated with administration of this agent.Drug Contamination: The presence of organisms, or any foreign material that makes a drug preparation impure.Archaeoglobales: An order of extremely thermophilic, sulfate-reducing archaea, in the kingdom EURYARCHAEOTA. The single family Archaeoglobaceae contains one genus ARCHAEOGLOBUS.Veterinary Drugs: Drugs used by veterinarians in the treatment of animal diseases. The veterinarian's pharmacological armamentarium is the counterpart of drugs treating human diseases, with dosage and administration adjusted to the size, weight, disease, and idiosyncrasies of the species. In the United States most drugs are subject to federal regulations with special reference to the safety of drugs and residues in edible animal products.Phenylbutazone: A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.Dibenzazepines: Compounds with two BENZENE rings fused to AZEPINES.Chlorpropamide: A sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent used in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus not responding to dietary modification. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p277)Graves Disease: A common form of hyperthyroidism with a diffuse hyperplastic GOITER. It is an autoimmune disorder that produces antibodies against the THYROID STIMULATING HORMONE RECEPTOR. These autoantibodies activate the TSH receptor, thereby stimulating the THYROID GLAND and hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES. These autoantibodies can also affect the eyes (GRAVES OPHTHALMOPATHY) and the skin (Graves dermopathy).HLA-B38 Antigen: A specific HLA-B surface antigen subtype. Members of this subtype contain alpha chains that are encoded by the HLA-B*38 allele family.Antinematodal Agents: Substances used in the treatment or control of nematode infestations. They are used also in veterinary practice.Acecainide: A major metabolite of PROCAINAMIDE. Its anti-arrhythmic action may cause cardiac toxicity in kidney failure.Dipyrone: A drug that has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is the sodium sulfonate of AMINOPYRINE.Glutethimide: A hypnotic and sedative. Its use has been largely superseded by other drugs.Hypochlorous Acid: An oxyacid of chlorine (HClO) containing monovalent chlorine that acts as an oxidizing or reducing agent.Meprobamate: A carbamate with hypnotic, sedative, and some muscle relaxant properties, although in therapeutic doses reduction of anxiety rather than a direct effect may be responsible for muscle relaxation. Meprobamate has been reported to have anticonvulsant actions against petit mal seizures, but not against grand mal seizures (which may be exacerbated). It is used in the treatment of ANXIETY DISORDERS, and also for the short-term management of INSOMNIA but has largely been superseded by the BENZODIAZEPINES. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p603)Anemia, Aplastic: A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.LeukopeniaUnited States Public Health Service: A constituent organization of the DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES concerned with protecting and improving the health of the nation.Antipsychotic Agents: Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus.Chlorpromazine: The prototypical phenothiazine antipsychotic drug. Like the other drugs in this class chlorpromazine's antipsychotic actions are thought to be due to long-term adaptation by the brain to blocking DOPAMINE RECEPTORS. Chlorpromazine has several other actions and therapeutic uses, including as an antiemetic and in the treatment of intractable hiccup.Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions: Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.Pyridones: Pyridine derivatives with one or more keto groups on the ring.Bone Marrow: The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.Amodiaquine: A 4-aminoquinoline compound with anti-inflammatory properties.New MexicoBone Marrow Examination: Removal of bone marrow and evaluation of its histologic picture.Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor: A glycoprotein of MW 25 kDa containing internal disulfide bonds. It induces the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of neutrophilic granulocyte precursor cells and functionally activates mature blood neutrophils. Among the family of colony-stimulating factors, G-CSF is the most potent inducer of terminal differentiation to granulocytes and macrophages of leukemic myeloid cell lines.Antipsychotic Agents: Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus.Digitalis Glycosides: Glycosides from plants of the genus DIGITALIS. Some of these are useful as cardiotonic and anti-arrhythmia agents. Included also are semi-synthetic derivatives of the naturally occurring glycosides. The term has sometimes been used more broadly to include all CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES, but here is restricted to those related to Digitalis.Hyperthyroidism: Hypersecretion of THYROID HORMONES from the THYROID GLAND. Elevated levels of thyroid hormones increase BASAL METABOLIC RATE.Drug Monitoring: The process of observing, recording, or detecting the effects of a chemical substance administered to an individual therapeutically or diagnostically.Peroxidase: A hemeprotein from leukocytes. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to a hereditary disorder coupled with disseminated moniliasis. It catalyzes the conversion of a donor and peroxide to an oxidized donor and water. EC 1.11.1.7.Leukocyte Count: The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Software: Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.Encephalomyelitis, Equine: A group of ALPHAVIRUS INFECTIONS which affect horses and man, transmitted via the bites of mosquitoes. Disorders in this category are endemic to regions of South America and North America. In humans, clinical manifestations vary with the type of infection, and range from a mild influenza-like syndrome to a fulminant encephalitis. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp8-10)Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus: The type species of ARENAVIRUS, part of the Old World Arenaviruses (ARENAVIRUSES, OLD WORLD), producing a silent infection in house and laboratory mice. In humans, infection with LCMV can be inapparent, or can present with an influenza-like illness, a benign aseptic meningitis, or a severe meningoencephalomyelitis. The virus can also infect monkeys, dogs, field mice, guinea pigs, and hamsters, the latter an epidemiologically important host.Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis: A form of meningitis caused by LYMPHOCYTIC CHORIOMENINGITIS VIRUS. MICE and other rodents serve as the natural hosts, and infection in humans usually occurs through inhalation or ingestion of infectious particles. Clinical manifestations include an influenza-like syndrome followed by stiff neck, alterations of mentation, ATAXIA, and incontinence. Maternal infections may result in fetal malformations and injury, including neonatal HYDROCEPHALUS, aqueductal stenosis, CHORIORETINITIS, and MICROCEPHALY. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp1-3)Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus: The type species of VESICULOVIRUS causing a disease symptomatically similar to FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE in cattle, horses, and pigs. It may be transmitted to other species including humans, where it causes influenza-like symptoms.Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.Classical Swine Fever: An acute, highly contagious disease affecting swine of all ages and caused by the CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER VIRUS. It has a sudden onset with high morbidity and mortality.Pentazocine: The first mixed agonist-antagonist analgesic to be marketed. It is an agonist at the kappa and sigma opioid receptors and has a weak antagonist action at the mu receptor. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1991, p97)Granulocytes: Leukocytes with abundant granules in the cytoplasm. They are divided into three groups according to the staining properties of the granules: neutrophilic, eosinophilic, and basophilic. Mature granulocytes are the NEUTROPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and BASOPHILS.Internal Medicine: A medical specialty concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the internal organ systems of adults.Propylthiouracil: A thiourea antithyroid agent. Propythiouracil inhibits the synthesis of thyroxine and inhibits the peripheral conversion of throxine to tri-iodothyronine. It is used in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopeoia, 30th ed, p534)United StatesUnited States Food and Drug Administration: An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.
Phase I trial of dolastatin-10 (NSC 376128) in patients with advanced solid tumors. (1/458)
Dolastatin-10 (dola-10) is a potent antimitotic peptide, isolated from the marine mollusk Dolabela auricularia, that inhibits tubulin polymerization. Preclinical studies of dola-10 have demonstrated activity against a variety of murine and human tumors in cell cultures and mice models. The purpose of this Phase I clinical trial was to characterize the maximum tolerated dose, pharmacokinetics, and biological effects of dola-10 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Escalating doses of dola-10 were administered as an i.v. bolus every 21 days, using a modified Fibonacci dose escalation schema. Pharmacokinetic studies were performed with the first treatment cycle. Neurological testing was performed on each patient prior to treatment with dola-10, at 6 weeks and at study termination. Thirty eligible patients received a total of 94 cycles (median, 2 cycles; maximum, 14 cycles) of dola-10 at doses ranging from 65 to 455 microg/m2. Dose-limiting toxicity of granulocytopenia was seen at 455 microg/m2 for minimally pretreated patients (two or fewer prior chemotherapy regimens) and 325 microg/m2 for heavily pretreated patients (more than two prior chemotherapy regimens). Nonhematological toxicity was generally mild. Local irritation at the drug injection site was mild and not dose dependent. Nine patients developed new or increased symptoms of mild peripheral sensory neuropathy that was not dose limiting. This toxicity was more frequent in patients with preexisting peripheral neuropathies. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated a rapid drug distribution with a prolonged plasma elimination phase (t 1/2z = 320 min). The area under the concentration-time curve increased in proportion to administered dose, whereas the clearance remained constant over the doses studied. Correlation analysis demonstrated a strong relationship between dola-10 area under the concentration-time curve values and decrease from baseline for leukocyte counts. In conclusion, dola-10 administered every 3 weeks as a peripheral i.v. bolus is well tolerated with dose-limiting toxicity of granulocytopenia. The maximum tolerated dose (and recommended Phase II starting dose) is 400 microg/m2 for patients with minimal prior treatment (two or fewer prior chemotherapy regimens) and 325 microg/m2 for patients who are heavily pretreated (more than two prior chemotherapy regimens). (+info)Agranulocytosis in Bangkok, Thailand: a predominantly drug-induced disease with an unusually low incidence. Aplastic Anemia Study Group. (2/458)
Agranulocytosis, a syndrome characterized by a marked reduction in circulating granulocytes, is strongly associated with medical drug use in Europe and the United States. Unregulated use of common pharmaceutical agents in developing countries has been suspected of causing large numbers of cases of agranulocytosis and deaths, especially among children. To elucidate the incidence and etiology of agranulocytosis in Thailand, a population-based case-control study of symptomatic agranulocytosis that resulted in hospital admission was conducted in Bangkok from 1990 to 1994. An attempt was also made to study the disease in Khonkaen (in northeastern Thailand) and Songkla (in southern Thailand), but there were insufficient cases in the latter regions, and the analysis was confined to subjects from Bangkok. In that region, the overall incidence of agranulocytosis was 0.8 per million per year; there were no deaths. As expected, the incidence was higher in females (0.9 per million), and it increased with age (4.3 per million beyond age 60). Among 25 cases and 529 controls the relative risk estimate for a combined category of all suspect drugs was 9.2 (95% confidence interval = 3.9-21), and the proportion of cases that could be attributed to drug use was 68%. For individual drugs and drug classes the data were sparse; within these limitations, the strongest association appeared to be with antithyroid drugs. One case and three controls were exposed to dipyrone, a drug known to cause agranulocytosis; with such scanty data the risk could not be evaluated. Exposure to pesticides or solvents was not associated with an increased risk. This is the first formal epidemiologic study of agranulocytosis in a developing country. As in the West, most cases are attributable to medical drug use. However, the incidence of agranulocytosis in Bangkok, and apparently, in Thailand as a whole, is unusually low, and the disease does not pose a public health risk. (+info)Phase I study of a biweekly schedule of a fixed dose of cisplatin with increasing doses of paclitaxel in patients with advanced oesophageal cancer. (3/458)
We performed this dose-finding study with a fixed dose of cisplatin and increasing doses of paclitaxel given every 2 weeks to determine the maximum tolerable dose of this schedule. Sixty-four patients with advanced oesophageal cancer were treated with a cisplatin dose of 60 mg m(-2) and increasing doses of paclitaxel from 100 mg m(-2) up to 200 mg m(-2) both administered over 3 h for a maximum of six cycles in patients with stable disease or eight cycles in responding patients. Patients were retreated when the granulocytes were > 0.75 x 10(9) l(-1) and the platelets > 75 x 10(9) l(-1). The dose of paclitaxel could be increased to 200 mg m(-2) without encountering dose limiting haematological toxicity. At the dose levels 190 mg m(-2) and 200 mg m(-2) of paclitaxel cumulative sensory neurotoxicity became the dose-limiting toxicity. The dose intensity of paclitaxel calculated over six cycles rose from 50 mg m(-2) per week to 85 mg m(-2) per week. Only three episodes of granulocytopenic fever were encountered out of a total of 362 cycles of treatment. Of the 59 patients evaluable for response, 31 (52%) had a partial or complete response. In a biweekly schedule with a fixed dose of 60 mg m(-2) cisplatin it is possible to increase the dose of paclitaxel to 180 mg m(-2). At higher dose levels, neurotoxicity becomes the dose-limiting toxicity. The observed response rate warrants further investigation of this schedule. (+info)Oral versus intravenous empirical antimicrobial therapy for fever in patients with granulocytopenia who are receiving cancer chemotherapy. International Antimicrobial Therapy Cooperative Group of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer. (4/458)
BACKGROUND: Intravenously administered antimicrobial agents have been the standard choice for the empirical management of fever in patients with cancer and granulocytopenia. If orally administered empirical therapy is as effective as intravenous therapy, it would offer advantages such as improved quality of life and lower cost. METHODS: In a prospective, open-label, multicenter trial, we randomly assigned febrile patients with cancer who had granulocytopenia that was expected to resolve within 10 days to receive empirical therapy with either oral ciprofloxacin (750 mg twice daily) plus amoxicillin-clavulanate (625 mg three times daily) or standard daily doses of intravenous ceftriaxone plus amikacin. All patients were hospitalized until their fever resolved. The primary objective of the study was to determine whether there was equivalence between the regimens, defined as an absolute difference in the rates of success of 10 percent or less. RESULTS: Equivalence was demonstrated at the second interim analysis, and the trial was terminated after the enrollment of 353 patients. In the analysis of the 312 patients who were treated according to the protocol and who could be evaluated, treatment was successful in 86 percent of the patients in the oral-therapy group (95 percent confidence interval, 80 to 91 percent) and 84 percent of those in the intravenous-therapy group (95 percent confidence interval, 78 to 90 percent; P=0.02). The results were similar in the intention-to-treat analysis (80 percent and 77 percent, respectively; P=0.03), as were the duration of fever, the time to a change in the regimen, the reasons for such a change, the duration of therapy, and survival. The types of adverse events differed slightly between the groups but were similar in frequency. CONCLUSIONS: In low-risk patients with cancer who have fever and granulocytopenia, oral therapy with ciprofloxacin plus amoxicillin-clavulanate is as effective as intravenous therapy. (+info)Murine neutrophil stimulation by Toxoplasma gondii antigen drives high level production of IFN-gamma-independent IL-12. (5/458)
Successful immunity to Toxoplasma gondii requires a strong cell-mediated immune response. Neutrophils possess the ability to rapidly migrate into tissues in response to microbial stimuli. Therefore, we sought to determine whether murine neutrophils could respond to T. gondii by producing immunoregulatory cytokines. We show that murine neutrophils produce high levels of IL-12 and low, but significant, levels of TNF-alpha when stimulated with T. gondii Ag. Both cytokines are produced in the absence of IFN-gamma. Production of IL-12 does not require TNFR p55, and release of TNF-alpha occurs independently of IL-12. We show that there is an influx of neutrophils into the peritoneal cavity that peaks at approximately 8 h in response to injection of live tachyzoites and that this is correlated with increased transcription of IL-12 p40. Our results establish that murine neutrophils possess the ability to produce immunoregulatory cytokines during T. gondii infection and suggest that this response may be important in early host defense and in triggering cell-mediated immunity to the parasite. (+info)Different effect of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor or bacterial infection on bone-marrow cells of cyclophosphamide-treated or irradiated mice. (6/458)
In the present study, the effect of treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on cellular composition of the bone marrow and the number of circulating leucocytes of granulocytopenic mice, whether or not infected with Staphylococcus aureus, was assessed. With two monoclonal antibodies, six morphologically distinct cell populations in the bone marrow could be characterised and quantitated by two-dimensional flow cytometry. Granulocytopenia was induced by cyclophosphamide or sublethal irradiation. Cyclophosphamide predominantly affected the later stages of dividing cells in the bone marrow resulting in a decrease in number of granulocytic cells, monocytic cells, lymphoid cells and myeloid blasts. G-CSF administration to cyclophosphamide-treated mice increased the number of early blasts, myeloid blasts and granulocytic cells in the bone marrow, which indicates that this growth factor stimulates the proliferation of these cells in the bone marrow. During infection in cyclophosphamide-treated mice the number of myeloid blasts increased. However, when an infection was induced in cyclophosphamide and G-CSF-treated mice, the proliferation of bone-marrow cells was not changed compared to that in noninfected similarly treated mice. Sublethal irradiation affected all bone-marrow cell populations, including the early blasts. G-CSF-treatment of irradiated mice increased only the number of myeloid blasts slightly, whereas an infection in irradiated mice, whether or not treated with G-CSF, did not affect the number of bone-marrow cells. Together, these studies demonstrated that irradiation affects the early blasts and myeloid blasts in the bone marrow more severely than treatment with cyclophosphamide. Irradiation probably depletes the bone marrow from G-CSF-responsive cells, while cyclophosphamide spared G-CSF responsive cells, thus enabling the enhanced G-CSF-mediated recovery after cyclophosphamide treatment. Only in these mice, bone marrow recovery is followed by a strong mobilisation of mature granulocytes and their band forms from the bone marrow into the circulation during a bacterial infection. (+info)Fludarabine-based chemotherapy in untreated mantle cell lymphomas: an encouraging experience in 29 patients. (7/458)
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: A prospective study to evaluate the role of fludarabine alone or in combination with idarubicin in untreated patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). DESIGN AND METHODS: Twenty-nine untreated patients with mantle cell lymphoma were stochastically treated with intravenous fludarabine at a dose of 25 mg/m(2)/day for 5 days (11 patients) or with a combination of fludarabine and idarubicin (FLU-ID) (fludarabine 25 mg/m(2) i.v. on days 1 to 3 and idarubicin 12 mg/m(2) i.v. on day 1 (18 patients). For both regimens, cycles were given at three-week intervals for a total of six courses. According to the International Prognostic Index, the most part of high-intermediate and high risk factor patients were in the FLU-ID subset: 7 (39%) patients vs. 2 (18%) in the fludarabine alone subset. RESULTS: Of the 29 patients, 8 (28%) obtained a complete response and 10 (35%) a partial response, with an overall response rate of 63%. The remaining 11 (37%) patients did not respond to the therapy. The overall response rates were 64% (7 patients) in the fludarabine group and 61% (11 patients) in the FLU-ID group. The complete response rate was 27% (3 patients) for fludarabine and 28% (5 patients) for FLU-ID. The toxicity was mild in terms of neutropenia and infections, and no fatalities occurred due to drug-induced side effects. INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest the efficacy of fludarabine alone or in combination with idarubicin in MCL patients. It will be important to increase this experience and to assess other fludarabine-containing regimens, in particular with cyclophosphamide plus idarubicin and with mitoxantrone and or cyclophosphamide, to test the true role of this approach in MCL. (+info)Gemcitabine plus cisplatin, an active regimen in advanced urothelial cancer: a phase II trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. (8/458)
PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine (2', 2'-difluorodeoxycytidine) plus cisplatin in previously untreated patients with advanced transitional-cell carcinoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-one patients with measurable advanced transitional-cell carcinoma who had received no prior chemotherapy for metastatic disease were scheduled to receive gemcitabine 1,000 mg/m(2) intravenously over 30 minutes on days 1, 8, and 15 and cisplatin 70 mg/m(2) over 1 hour on day 2 of a 28-day cycle. Prior adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy for locally advanced disease was allowed if this was completed more than 1 year before study entry. RESULTS: There were six complete responses and 10 partial responses in 28 assessable patients, for an overall response rate of 16 of 28 (57%). The response rate on an intent-to-treat basis was 16 of 31 patients (52%). The median survival is 13.2 months, with 18 patients still alive at this time. Toxicity was primarily hematologic, with 12 of 31 patients (39%) having > or = grade 3 granulocytopenia and 17 of 31 (55%) having > or = grade 3 thrombocytopenia. Two patients had febrile neutropenia. All patients required a dose modification of gemcitabine at some point in their therapy; the primary reason was thrombocytopenia and/or neutropenia. CONCLUSION: Gemcitabine plus cisplatin is an active regimen for the treatment of urothelial cancer. (+info)Agranulocytosis; bone marrow depression; leukopenia;thrombocytopenia; purpura; eosinophilia. Gastrointestinal: Nausea and ...
Kostmann R (1956). "Infantile genetic agranulocytosis; agranulocytosis infantilis hereditaria". Acta Paediatr. 45 (Suppl 105): ...
Agranulocytosis occurs rarely when dapsone is used alone but more frequently in combination regimens for malaria prophylaxis. ... Firkin FC, Mariani AF (1977). "Agranulocytosis due to dapsone". Med. J. Aust. 2 (8): 247-51. PMID 909500. Foucauld J, Uphouse W ...
Agranulocytosis induced by vinpocetine. Medicine Online, Retrieved March 08, 2008. The Complete German Commission E Monographs ... Vinpocetine has been implicated in one case to induce agranulocytosis,[unreliable medical source?] a serious condition in which ...
Agranulocytosis and cancer. Ampiroxicam. Related to piroxicam.. As per diclofenac.. PO.. No data.. Rheumatoid arthritis and ... Haematologic toxicity (including agranulocytosis, aplastic anaemia) and AEs typical of NSAIDs. Piketoprofen. Comes in free form ... For systemic use haematological side effects such as aplastic anaemia; agranulocytosis; leucopenia; neutropenia; etc. ...
Agranulocytosis Bandemia Complete blood count. ...
... can also cause agranulocytosis. Phenylbutazone amplifies the anticoagulant effect of vitamin K antagonists such ...
Psychiatric medicine can also cause Agranulocytosis. Psychiatric medicines also affect the stomach, where the mentally ill have ... ". "Clozapine-Induced Agranulocytosis" July 15, 1993 DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199307153290303 Sonnenburg, Justin Sonnenburg, Erica. " ...
This should not be confused with agranulocytosis. Low white cell count may be due to acute viral infections, such as a cold or ...
Andersohn F, Konzen C, Garbe E (May 2007). "Systematic review: agranulocytosis induced by nonchemotherapy drugs". Ann. Intern. ... with a risk of agranulocytosis in rare cases Carbamazepine and phenytoin lower serum levels of mebendazole. Cimetidine does not ...
Agranulocytosis was sometimes reported as adverse effect. Methyprylon Piperidione Glutethimide Becker, E. L.; Fabing, H. D.; ... Ibáñez, L.; Ballarín, E.; Pérez, E.; Vidal, X.; Capellà, D.; Laporte, J. R. (2000). "Agranulocytosis Induced by Pyrithyldione, ... Covner, A. H.; Halpern, S. L. (1950). "Fatal Agranulocytosis Following Therapy with Presidon (3,3-Diethyl-2,4- ...
Other side effects may include: agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, decreased white blood cell count, and a low platelet count. ... "Phenytoin-induced agranulocytosis: a nonimmunologic idiosyncratic reaction?". Acta Haematol. 86: 212-3. doi:10.1159/000204838. ...
The most dangerous side-effect is agranulocytosis (1/250, more in PTU); this is an idiosyncratic reaction which generally ... Zambrana, J.; Zambrana, F.; Neto, F.; Gonçalves, A.; Zambrana, F.; Ushirohira, J. (2005). "Agranulocytosis with tonsillitis ...
Nancy Y Zhu; Donald F. LeGatt; A Robert Turner (February 2009). "Agranulocytosis After Consumption of Cocaine Adulterated With ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (December 2009). "Agranulocytosis associated with cocaine use - four States, ...
One of the more serious side effects of levamisole is agranulocytosis, or the depletion of the white blood cells. In particular ... Nancy Y Zhu; Donald F. LeGatt; A Robert Turner (February 2009). "Agranulocytosis After Consumption of Cocaine Adulterated With ... Levamisole suppresses the production of white blood cells, resulting in neutropenia and agranulocytosis. With the increasing ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (December 2009). "Agranulocytosis associated with cocaine use - four States, ...
... carries a black box warning for drug-induced agranulocytosis. Without monitoring, agranulocytosis occurs in about 1% ... The study recommends carbamazepine to not be used concurrently with clozapine due to increased risk of agranulocytosis. ... Clozapine also carries five black box warnings, including warnings for agranulocytosis, central nervous system depression, ... Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis can be transient. Myocarditis is a sometimes fatal side effect of clozapine, which usually ...
... of all patients develop agranulocytosis. Members of the thioamide group include methimazole, carbimazole (converted in vivo to ...
Metiamide was an effective agent; however, it was associated with unacceptable nephrotoxicity and agranulocytosis. It was ...
Pancytopenia, aplastic anemia, reversible agranulocytosis, low blood platlets, neutropenia. Chloroquine has not been shown to ...
Metiamide was an effective agent; it was associated, however, with unacceptable nephrotoxicity and agranulocytosis. The ...
2004). "NQO2 gene is associated with clozapine-induced agranulocytosis". Tissue Antigens. 62 (6): 483-91. doi:10.1046/j.1399- ...
Closely related terms include agranulocytosis (etymologically, "no granulocytes at all"; clinically, granulocyte levels less ...
Agranulocytosis: develops rapidly, sore throat and fever are hallmark symptoms. Can be fatal if drug is not discontinued ...
... with a risk of agranulocytosis in rare cases ...
... agranulocytosis,[20] aplastic anemia,[21] decreased white blood cell count,[22] and a low platelet count.[23] ... Sharafuddin MJ, Spanheimer RG, McClune GL (1991). "Phenytoin-induced agranulocytosis: a nonimmunologic idiosyncratic reaction ...
Agranulocytosis; eosinophilia; leukopenia; hemolytic anemia; thrombocytopenic purpura; pancytopenia.. Hepatic. Jaundice.. ...
The terms agranulocytosis, granulocytopenia and neutropenia are sometimes used interchangeably. Agranulocytosis implies a more ... "agranulocytosis" (which can be misinterpreted as "agranulocyt-osis", meaning proliferation of agranulocytes (i.e. lymphocytes ... The term "agranulocytosis" derives from the Greek: a, meaning without; granulocyte, a particular kind of white blood cell ( ... Agranulocytosis, also known as agranulosis or granulopenia, is an acute condition involving a severe and dangerous leukopenia ( ...
When the body has too few granulocytes, the condition is called agranulocytosis. This makes it harder for the body to fight off ... If you are having treatment or taking medicine that could cause agranulocytosis, your health care provider will use blood tests ...
Agranulocytosis is a condition characterized by a lack of a type of essential white blood cell. Learn about the symptoms and ... Agranulocytosis is when the body is not producing enough granulocytes. The symptoms of agranulocytosis are usually similar to ... Acquired agranulocytosis means that a person develops the condition, whereas congenital agranulocytosis means that a person is ... Agranulocytosis can be a dangerous condition because it can put someone at risk for a serious infection. If a person does not ...
Fatal Case of Agranulocytosis Due to Chlorpromazine Br Med J 1958; 2 :289 ... Fatal Case of Agranulocytosis Due to Chlorpromazine. Br Med J 1958; 2 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5091.289 (Published 02 ...
Make research projects and school reports about agranulocytosis easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia ... agranulocytosis (ă-gran-yoo-loh-sy-toh-sis) n. a disorder in which there is a severe acute deficiency of certain blood cells ( ... agranulocytosis (əgrăn´yəlōsītō´sis), disease in which the production of granulated white blood cells by the bone marrow is ... agranulocytosis A Dictionary of Nursing © A Dictionary of Nursing 2008, originally published by Oxford University Press 2008. ...
Agranulocytosis, also known as agranulosis or granulopenia, is a condition that occurs when the bone marrow (the soft tissue ... Agranulocytosis Diagnosis. Agranulocytosis is diagnosed through blood and urine tests. These tests are used to check for ... Agranulocytosis Causes and Types. Agranulocytosis can be acquired or congenital (a condition you are born with). ... Agranulocytosis Treatment. If agranulocytosis is caused by another condition, that condition will first be treated. ...
The authors of Mays Clinical Case Study provided us with an exclusive question that will not appear in the published version of the Case. Wed love to hear your answers to this question in the comments section!
THE VIRUS OF INFECTIOUS FELINE AGRANULOCYTOSIS. J. S. Lawrence, J. T. Syverton, R. J. Ackart, W. S. Adams, D. M. Ervin, A. L. ... THE VIRUS OF INFECTIOUS FELINE AGRANULOCYTOSIS. J. S. Lawrence, J. T. Syverton, R. J. Ackart, W. S. Adams, D. M. Ervin, A. L. ... The infection of cats by the virus of infectious feline agranulocytosis is followed by the production of specific neutralizing ...
Systematic Review: Agranulocytosis Induced by Nonchemotherapy Drugs Annals of Internal Medicine; 146 (9): 657-665 ... The Drug Etiology of Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anemia Annals of Internal Medicine; 117 (12): 1072 ... We wish to present an additional case of pentazocine-induced agranulocytosis, but one that occurred without a previous ... MARKS A, ABRAMSON N. Pentazocine and Agranulocytosis. Ann Intern Med. 1980;92:433. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-92-3-433_1 ...
In approximately 5% of cases drug-induced agranulocytosis may be fatal. Management of drug-induced agranulocytosis includes the ... Drug-induced agranulocytosis is a severe complication that has been implicated with most classes of medications. Medications ... Nonchemotherapy drug-induced neutropenia and agranulocytosis: could medications be the culprit?. Pick AM1, Nystrom KK2. ... such as clozapine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and methimazole have been more commonly associated with agranulocytosis than ...
The increasing risk of agranulocytosis with age and the reduced incidence after the first six months of treatment provide ... The occurrence of agranulocytosis is a substantial hazard of the administration of clozapine, but this hazard can be reduced by ... Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. Incidence and risk factors in the United States N Engl J Med. 1993 Jul 15;329(3):162-7. doi ... Results: Agranulocytosis developed in 73 patients, resulting in death from infectious complications in 2 patients. Episodes of ...
Severe Hyperthyroidism Complicated by Agranulocytosis Treated with Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: Case Report and Review of the ... disease patient with agranulocytosis and hemophagocytosis using double filtration plasmapheresis," Journal of Clinical ... "Plasmapheresis in the treatment of hyperthyroidism associated with agranulocytosis: a case report," Journal of Clinical ... "Successful treatment of thyroid storm with plasmapheresis in a patient with methimazole-induced agranulocytosis.," Endocrine ...
View Agranulocytosis Solupred side effect risks. Male, 71 years of age, took Solupred . Patient was hospitalized. ... Is Agranulocytosis a common side effect of Solupred? ... This Agranulocytosis side effect was reported by a consumer or ... Solupred Agranulocytosis Side Effect Reports. Home → Solupred → Agranulocytosis The following Solupred Agranulocytosis side ... Solupred Agranulocytosis Causes and Reviews We are sorry, but no medical information on this topic currently exists in our ...
Although the disease may occur spontaneously it is usually... Explanation of agranulocytosis ... Find out information about agranulocytosis. disease in which the production of granulated white blood cells by the bone marrow ... Related to agranulocytosis: neuroleptic malignant syndrome. agranulocytosis. (əgrănyəlōsītō`sis), disease in which the ... Agranulocytosis. (also, agranulocytic angina), the absence or drastic reduction of granulocytes in the blood. Agranulocytosis ...
Medications that are commonly linked to agranulocytosis development include clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic used in the ... Agranulocytosis is defined as having an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of ,500/mm3. Drug-induced agranulocytosis is an adverse ... of drug-induced agranulocytosis cases are fatal. Medications that are commonly linked to agranulocytosis development include ... Abstract: Drug-induced agranulocytosis is a severe complication that has been implicated with most classes of medications. ...
Agranulocytosis, a marked decrease in white blood cells which increases the risk for infection, is a rare complication of ... Agranulocytosis: a marked decrease in the white blood cell count that causes a patient to be more likely to develop an ... No agranulocytosis occurred in patients with 1-5 months of a gap. None of the patients in the continuous treatment group who ... Most cases of agranulocytosis occur within 3 months of beginning therapy with these drugs. There has been speculation that re- ...
Four cases were associated with agranulocytosis, 2 had no white blood cell counts available and 1 had a high white blood cell ... Due to some cases of agranulocytosis, Acorda Therapeutics has decided to increase the frequency of blood cell count monitoring ...
The International Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anemia Study.. [No authors listed]. Abstract. The risks of agranulocytosis and ... Risks of agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia. A first report of their relation to drug use with special reference to analgesics ... Analgesic use in the week before the onset of illness was compared between 221 cases of agranulocytosis and 1425 hospital ... Analgesics significantly associated with agranulocytosis were dipyrone (metamizol sodium), indomethacin, and butazones ( ...
Clozapine-Induced Late Agranulocytosis and Severe Neutropenia Complicated with Streptococcus pneumonia, Venous Thromboembolism ... "Clozapine-Induced Late Agranulocytosis and Severe Neutropenia Complicated with Streptococcus pneumonia, Venous Thromboembolism ...
... is a particularly effective antipsychotic medication but its use is curtailed by the risk of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis/ ... Clozapine-induced Agranulocytosis Is Associated With Rare HLA-DQB1 and HLA-B Alleles Nat Commun. 2014 Sep 4;5:4757. doi: ... is a particularly effective antipsychotic medication but its use is curtailed by the risk of clozapine-induced agranulocytosis/ ...
In genetic infantile agranulocytosis children born lacking neutrophils (a type of white blood cell that is important in ... Genetic Infantile Agranulocytosis (Severe Congenital Neutropenia) (SCN) (Kostmann Disease). *Ron Kennedy, M.D. ... Comments Off on Genetic Infantile Agranulocytosis (Severe Congenital Neutropenia) (SCN) (Kostmann Disease) ...
... plural agranulocytoses) Etymology: New Latin Date: 1927 an acute febrile condition marked by severe decrease in blood ... agranulocytosis. noun (plural agranulocytoses) Etymology: New Latin Date: 1927 an acute febrile condition marked by severe ... agranulocytosis - agranulocytosis. См. болезнь Костманна. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». ... agranulocytosis - [ā gran΄yo͞o lō΄sī tō′sis] n. [ A 2 + GRANULOCYT(E) + OSIS] a disorder characterized by a significant ...
PP-51 Metamizole-induced agranulocytosis in an adolescent treated for chronic headache ... PP-51 Metamizole-induced agranulocytosis in an adolescent treated for chronic headache ...
As has been postulated for other types of reactive metabolites (Parket al., 1992, 1995), agranulocytosis may arise from an ... 1991) Possible role of free radical formation in clozapine (Clozaril)-induced agranulocytosis. Mol. Pharmacol. 40:846-853. ... Neutrophil Cytotoxicity of the Chemically Reactive Metabolite(s) of Clozapine: Possible Role in Agranulocytosis. Dominic P. ... Neutrophil Cytotoxicity of the Chemically Reactive Metabolite(s) of Clozapine: Possible Role in Agranulocytosis. Dominic P. ...
Cause agranulocytosisIdiosyncraticSymptomsGranulocytes in the bInfantileTypes of agranulocytosisNeutropenia and agranulocytosisInfectionsPatientsAplasticRisk for developing agraInfectionClozapine-induced agranulocytosisMethimazole-Induced AgranulocytosisAcuteDiagnosisCase of agranulocytosisSigns of agranulocytosisOrigin of agranulocytosisEtiology of AgranulocytosisOccurrence of agranulocytosisMedicationsAntithyroid drugsIncidenceChemotherapyDiagnose agranulocytosisIMSEARCaptoprilOnsetDiseasesInfectiousGeneticAcquired or congenitalDrugsNeutrophil countToxicityImmune systemDisorderSepsisDecreaseSerum and granulocytesBoneOccursHematologicalGravesSystematic ReviewCasesDipyrone
- If you are having treatment or taking medicine that could cause agranulocytosis, your health care provider will use blood tests to monitor you. (medlineplus.gov)
- HIV, medication for an overactive thyroid gland, and chemotherapy may cause agranulocytosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- PTU should be given cautiously to patients who are taking other medications that may cause agranulocytosis (e. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Many drugs can cause agranulocytosis and neutropenia by bone marrow suppression. (diff.org)
- As trandolapril, the active ingredient in the verapamil-trandolapril combination used by the patient is known to cause agranulocytosis as a side effect and none of the other drugs she had been using had been reported to cause agranulocytosis as a side effect. (ommegaonline.org)
- Although the reaction is generally idiosyncratic rather than proportional, experts recommend that patients using these drugs be told about the symptoms of agranulocytosis-related infection, such as a sore throat and a fever. (wikipedia.org)
- Maloisel, "Idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis or acute neutropenia," Current Opinion in Hematology, vol. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Unfortunately, agranulocytosis, an idiosyncratic adverse drug reaction, is associated with the use of procainamide (PA). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- A. Johnston, J. Uetrecht, Current understanding of the mechanisms of idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis. (springermedizin.de)
- Drug-induced neutropenia or agranulocytosis occurs as an idiosyncratic reaction, most often secondary to accelerated immune-mediated destruction of neutrophils and their progenitors (not including Neutropenia that follows cytotoxic chemotherapy, which is usually reflects decreased granulocyte production secondary to bone marrow suppression). (diff.org)
- Idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis is a very rare disease. (diff.org)
- Idiosyncratic drug-induced agranulocytosis is a disorder that preferentially affects older individuals , probably reflecting higher medication use associated with older age and the incidence is higher in women than in men. (diff.org)
- Such event is called "idiosyncratic druginduced agranulocytosis" or "idiosyncratic drug-associated agranulocytosis" . (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
- Patients should be aware of the signs and symptoms of agranulocytosis which include fever, fatigue or sore throat. (thyroid.org)
- More detailed information about the symptoms , causes , and treatments of Agranulocytosis is available below. (rightdiagnosis.com)
- Usually, immune-mediated agranulocytosis occurs within days to a few weeks after beginning the drug and is frequently acute, with explosive symptoms. (diff.org)
- What are the symptoms of agranulocytosis? (mediologiest.com)
- The symptoms of agranulocytosis are those of an infection. (mediologiest.com)
- Most people with agranulocytosis or neutropenia will not have any obvious symptoms. (your.md)
- Agranulocytosis does not cause any symptoms. (docdoc.com)
- Schultz first introduced the term "agranulocytosis" in 1922, for cases of acute and severe pharyngeal infections, associated with a lack of granulocytes in the blood in relation with drug intake. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
- In genetic infantile agranulocytosis children born lacking neutrophils (a type of white blood cell that is important in fighting infection). (medical-library.net)
- Kostmann's syndrome is characterized by inherited severe infantile agranulocytosis Shwachman-Diamond syndrome and Dyskeratosis congenita are some other familial causes of agranulocytosis. (explainmedicine.com)
- There are two types of agranulocytosis: acquired or congenital. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- In the context of aplastic anemia, it is also possible to distinguish several types of agranulocytosis. (mediologiest.com)
- Nonchemotherapy drug-induced neutropenia and agranulocytosis: could medications be the culprit? (nih.gov)
- The terms 'neutropenia' and 'agranulocytosis' are often used to describe a deficiency of these cells. (your.md)
- Emmanuel, Rachel MC, Maloisel F (2017) Diagnosis and Management of Idiopathic Drug-Induced Severe Neutropenia and Agranulocytosis. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
- In this paper, we report and discuss the diagnosis and management of severe neutropenia and agranulocytosis (neutrophil count of (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
- Diagnosis and management of idiopathic drug-induced and severe neutropenia and agranulocytosis: What should the lung specialist know? (lungdiseasesjournal.com)
- Utilization of neutrophils can occur in infections Agranulocytosis may be asymptomatic, or may clinically present with sudden fever, rigors and sore throat. (wikipedia.org)
- Respiratory infections are quite common among people with agranulocytosis. (edu.lb)
- Agranulocytosis is a life-threatening condition therefore people who use cocaine should seek medical attention if they experience persistent sore throat, persistent or recurrent fever, swollen glands, painful sores, skin infections or other unusual infections. (cdc.gov)
- Agranulocytosis is the existence of a clinically significant reduction in neutrophil count.This condition is a serious threat to the patient, as he/she is at a greater risk of contracting bacterial or fungal infections, which may prove to be fatal. (elsevier.com)
- White blood cells (WBCs) help fight infections, so agranulocytosis can result in severe and even deadly infections. (thyroid.org)
- Graves' disease itself can cause mild decreases in WBCs that do not lead to infections, so it is important not to confuse this with agranulocytosis The goal of this study is to evaluate the how common low WBCs are seen in patients newly diagnosed with hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease before starting ATD treatment and the effect of this treatment on the WBC count. (thyroid.org)
- It is important to diagnose a pre-exiting low neutrophil count before starting treatment to differentiate it from the ATD-induced agranulocytosis, which can results in life-threatening infections and requires prompt ATD discontinuation. (thyroid.org)
- Management of drug-induced agranulocytosis includes the immediate discontinuation of the offending medication, initiation of broad-spectrum antibiotics and consideration of the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factors in high-risk patients. (nih.gov)
- The main factor limiting its use is the risk of potentially fatal agranulocytosis, estimated to occur in 1 to 2 percent of treated patients. (nih.gov)
- Agranulocytosis developed in 73 patients, resulting in death from infectious complications in 2 patients. (nih.gov)
- Episodes of agranulocytosis occurred in 61 patients within three months after they began treatment. (nih.gov)
- There has been speculation that re-starting therapy with these drugs in patients who have relapsed after the first course of antithyroid drug treatment may increase the risk or accelerate the onset of agranulocytosis. (thyroid.org)
- A total of 87 patients seen at the Ito Hospital in Tokyo between 1983 and 2012 were found to have agranulocytosis. (thyroid.org)
- After excluding patients with other possible causes, 67 patients were identified as having MMI or PTU-induced agranulocytosis. (thyroid.org)
- After re-starting MMI or PTU therapy following a 5 or month gap, patients should be observed for agranulocytosis for the first 3 months, similarly to those who start these drugs for the first time. (thyroid.org)
- We aimed to determine changes in miR-17-92 cluster expression in serum and granulocytes from patients with antithyroid drug (ATD)-induced agranulocytosis. (springermedizin.de)
- In this study, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect serum miR-17-92 expression levels in 20 ATD-induced agranulocytosis and 16 control patients. (springermedizin.de)
- We found that levels of miR-17-92 expression decreased in both serum and pre-agranulocytosis granulocytes from patients with ATD-induced agranulocytosis compared with those in serum and granulocytes from both recovered patients and control patients. (springermedizin.de)
- Patients who are undergoing chemotherapy treatment, taking certain drugs and getting exposed to certain chemical toxins or radiation are at risk of developing agranulocytosis. (explainmedicine.com)
- In using uniretic®, consideration should be given to the fact that another ACE inhibitor, captopril, has caused agranulocytosis , particularly in patients with renal impairment or collagen-vascular disease. (rxlist.com)
- We included 27 Japanese patients with Graves' disease with MMI-induced agranulocytosis diagnosed during follow-up. (ndsl.kr)
- Stepwise multivariate regression analysis identified the monocyte and basophil counts to be significant predictors of MMI-induced agranulocytosis.Conclusion: Patients with agranulocytosis and decreased monocyte and basophil counts at onset may recover late and require careful treatment. (ndsl.kr)
- Thioamide-induced agranulocytosis is an uncommon but potentially life-threatening complication of which all prescribers and patients need to be aware. (bioscientifica.com)
- Yet since its introduction, the drug has been linked to a risk for agranulocytosis, requiring regular blood monitoring, a disincentive to both clinicians and patients. (psychnews.org)
- Engilbert Sigurdsson, M.D., and colleagues at the University of Iceland and Landspitali University, Reykjavik, sought to analyze the risk of neutropenia and the progression to agranulocytosis in a sample of patients with schizophrenia in Iceland. (psychnews.org)
- They identified patients who developed neutropenia/agranulocytosis through neutrophil counts in the databases. (psychnews.org)
- Only mild neutropenia (between 1500-1900/mm3) was more common in clozapine users, and none of those patients (n=24, or 12.8%) progressed to agranulocytosis. (psychnews.org)
- However, agranulocytosis (low white blood cells) is a rare complication of ATDs occurring in 0.1-0.3% of patients. (thyroid.org)
- To formally diagnose agranulocytosis, other pathologies with a similar presentation must be excluded, such as aplastic anemia, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, myelodysplasia and leukemias. (wikipedia.org)
- Risks of agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia. (nih.gov)
- The International Agranulocytosis and Aplastic Anemia Study. (nih.gov)
- The risks of agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia in relation to analgesic drug use were evaluated in a population-based case-control study conducted in Europe and Israel. (nih.gov)
- medicinal agranulocytosis in the context of aplastic anemia , the development of which is due to a disorder in the bone marrow, which are characterized by a rarefaction of several blood cell lines. (mediologiest.com)
- Böttiger LE, Böttiger B. Incidence and cause of aplastic anemia, hemolytic anemia, agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia. (springer.com)
- People with these conditions are at higher risk for developing agranulocytosis and should be monitored periodically for this condition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- A person with agranulocytosis or any of these risk factors should always report any signs of infection to their doctor to ensure prompt treatment and prevent a more serious infection developing. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The infection of cats by the virus of infectious feline agranulocytosis is followed by the production of specific neutralizing and protective antibodies, and recovery from the disease is associated with the development of solid immunity to reinfection. (rupress.org)
- Agranulocytosis, a marked decrease in white blood cells which increases the risk for infection, is a rare complication of treatment with the antithyroid drugs. (thyroid.org)
- Sinusitis is another common infection that occurs in agranulocytosis. (explainmedicine.com)
- Chronic neutropenia is an important differential diagnosis and may similarly present with a severe bacterial infection as first manifestation of the disease leading to further decline of the neutrophil count and to agranulocytosis. (diff.org)
- Agranulocytosis does not cause harm to the body, but it leaves the patient vulnerable and less able to fight off infection. (docdoc.com)
- Clozapine-induced agranulocytosis. (nih.gov)
- We found case reports and a case series on the use of G-CSF in clozapine rechallenge with clozapine-induced agranulocytosis with mixed results. (nebraska.edu)
- A. A. Vyas, P. Vyas, N. L. Fillipon, R. Vijayakrishnan, and N. Trivedi, "Successful treatment of thyroid storm with plasmapheresis in a patient with methimazole-induced agranulocytosis. (hindawi.com)
- Agranulocytosis, also known as agranulosis or granulopenia, is an acute condition involving a severe and dangerous leukopenia (lowered white blood cell count), most commonly of neutrophils causing a neutropenia in the circulating blood. (wikipedia.org)
- agranulocytosis (ă-gran-yoo-loh-sy- toh -sis) n. a disorder in which there is a severe acute deficiency of certain blood cells (neutrophils) as a result of damage to the bone marrow by toxic drugs or chemicals. (encyclopedia.com)
- Acute agranulocytosis is characterized by general indisposition, fever, and ulcerations of the skin and mucous membranes, especially of the oral and pharyngeal cavities. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Agranulocytosis - is an acute condition involving a severe and dangerous leukopenia particularly of neutrophils causing a neutropenia in the circulating blood. (academic.ru)
- Acute onset severe reduction of granulocytes (mainly neutrophils) in peripheral blood smear below 500/µL is called as agranulocytosis. (explainmedicine.com)
- Acute agranulocytosis appears suddenly and is manifested by a high fever (greater than 38.5 ° C) with chills. (mediologiest.com)
- Consequently, agranulocytosis is sometimes described as "no granulocytes", but a total absence is not required for diagnosis. (wikipedia.org)
- D70.2 is a billable ICD code used to specify a diagnosis of other drug-induced agranulocytosis. (icd.codes)
- In the present paper, we report and discuss the diagnosis and management of idiopathic drug-induced (or drug-associated) agranulocytosis. (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
- A case of agranulocytosis in a man with nonspecific seronegative polyarthritis treated with levamisole in the form of a proprietary veterinary antihelmintic is descriptionbed. (journals.co.za)
- We report a rare case of agranulocytosis associated with hepatic toxicity, probably related to the use of ticlopidine. (biomedcentral.com)
- A person showing signs of agranulocytosis can consult a general practitioner (GP) for treatment. (docdoc.com)
- We propose that drug-induced free radical formation on MPO may play a role in the origin of agranulocytosis. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- The serological tests for the etiology of agranulocytosis, as well as autoantibodies test and four blood cultures taken from the patient, resulted in negative, while the results of the measurements for thyroid functions, vitamin B12 and folate levels were also within normal range. (ommegaonline.org)
- The occurrence of agranulocytosis is a substantial hazard of the administration of clozapine, but this hazard can be reduced by monitoring the white-cell count. (nih.gov)
- 5 months) did not appear to increase the rapidity of occurrence of agranulocytosis. (thyroid.org)
- Certain conditions or medications that affect the immune system can cause acquired agranulocytosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Drug-induced agranulocytosis is a severe complication that has been implicated with most classes of medications. (nih.gov)
- Medications such as clozapine, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and methimazole have been more commonly associated with agranulocytosis than other agents. (nih.gov)
- Drug-induced agranulocytosis is an adverse effect caused by numerous medications. (empr.com)
- Medications that are commonly linked to agranulocytosis development include clozapine , an atypical antipsychotic used in the treatment of schizophrenia, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole , an antibiotic, and methimazole , an agent for treating hyperthyroidism. (empr.com)
- Characteristics of Agranulocytosis as an Adverse Effect of Antithyroid Drugs in the Second or Later Course of Treatment. (thyroid.org)
- We evaluated the CPMS data for February 1990 through April 1991 by survival analysis to determine the incidence of agranulocytosis and the effects of potential risk factors such as age and sex. (nih.gov)
- The increasing risk of agranulocytosis with age and the reduced incidence after the first six months of treatment provide additional guidelines for the prescription and monitoring of clozapine treatment in the future. (nih.gov)
- Clozapine is associated with a 0.8% incidence of agranulocytosis. (aspetjournals.org)
- A study in the Netherlands between 1974-1994 revealed a 1 % incidence of PA-induced agranulocytosis ( 7 ), and another study reported 0.5 - 4% ( 8 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- Dapsone is one of the drugs that was associated with a sufficiently high incidence of fatal agranulocytosis. (who.int)
- If agranulocytosis has been caused by chemotherapy, white blood cell-stimulating factors may be used to encourage the bone marrow to produce more white blood cells. (stlouischildrens.org)
- Typically, doctors diagnose agranulocytosis when the number of neutrophils (granulocytes), known as the absolute neutrophil count (ANC), is less than 100 per microliter (mcL) of blood. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Agranulocytosis--a case report. (who.int)
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Agranulocytosis due to INH toxicity. (who.int)
- In using captopril, consideration should be given to the risk of neutropenia / agranulocytosis . (wikidoc.org)
- Decreased miR-17-92 cluster expression level in serum and granulocytes preceding onset of antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis. (annals.org)
- There was no significant difference in the time to onset of agranulocytosis between the continuous or the interrupted groups. (thyroid.org)
- Analgesic use in the week before the onset of illness was compared between 221 cases of agranulocytosis and 1425 hospital controls. (nih.gov)
- The predictive factors associated with recovery time were estimated using multivariable regression analysis.Results: At the onset of agranulocytosis, the median administration period of MMI was 33 days, the average white blood cell count was 1 896/μL, and the median neutrophil count was 22/μL. (ndsl.kr)
- Agranulocytosis may develop during various infectious diseases, avitaminoses, and diseases of the hematic system and as a result of the direct action of chemicals (benzene), drugs (aminopyrine, sulfanilamides, antibiotics, and others), and ionizing radiation on the bone marrow. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Given the role of neutrophil granulocytes in the immune system, agranulocytosis exposes the body to significant infectious risk. (mediologiest.com)
- If the ANC level is abnormal, the doctor may recommend further testing, such as a bone marrow biopsy or genetic blood tests to determine what is causing the agranulocytosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Agranulocytosis may have a genetic basis. (explainmedicine.com)
- Congenital agranulocytosis or neutropenia can be caused by several rare genetic faults (altered genes) that may be passed on to a child by one or both of his or her parents. (your.md)
- Agranulocytosis can be acquired or congenital (a condition you are born with). (stlouischildrens.org)
- Drug-induced neutropenia or agranulocytosis has been associated with many types of drugs and often is associated with a fatal outcome. (annals.org)
- About three fourth of all agranulocytosis in the United States is related to drugs. (diff.org)
- Many drugs associated with agranulocytosis have been reported to the US Food and Drug Administration under its adverse reactions reporting requirement. (diff.org)
- Drugs commonly associated with this type of agranulocytosis include pyrazolones dipyrone, β-lactams, quinidine, quinine and propylthiouracil. (diff.org)
- Yet one hundred and five drugs have been claimed to be associated with agranulocytosis and this list has since been updated. (who.int)
- Severe neutropenia is characterized by a profound decrease of circulating granulocytes, also called agranulocytosis in case of a neutrophil count of (symbiosisonlinepublishing.com)
- The median duration of neutrophil recovery time after stopping clozapine and starting cytokine treatment was 7 days (range, 2-13 days) for those with agranulocytosis (absolute neutrophil count (rcsi.com)
- The nitrenium ion has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the agranulocytosis, although the exact mechanism by which toxicity occurs is unclear. (aspetjournals.org)
- The most common cause of agranulocytosis is drug toxicity. (explainmedicine.com)
- About four weeks later she developed agranulocytosis and hepatic toxicity. (biomedcentral.com)
- Agranulocytosis is a medical condition in which the bone marrow fails to produce enough granulocytes, or white blood cells that make up part of a person's immune system. (docdoc.com)
- Â The New Mexico Department of Health and Washington State Department of Health have identified 21 cases of agranulocytosis, a life-threatening condition that compromises the immune system, among persons using cocaine. (cdc.gov)
- Agranulocytosis, also known as malignant neutropenia, is a blood disorder characterized by critically low levels of granulocytes. (edu.lb)
- Drug-induced agranulocytosis (DIA) is a potentially fatal disorder. (bvsalud.org)
- A 51 year old man presented with sepsis in the setting of thioamide-induced agranulocytosis. (bioscientifica.com)
- This case report summarises the successful emergent control of thyrotoxicosis in the setting of thioamide-induced agranulocytosis complicated by sepsis, and demonstrates the safe use of multi-modal pharmacological therapies in preparation for total thyroidectomy. (bioscientifica.com)
- Agranulocytosis - A marked decrease in the number of granulocytes. (academic.ru)
- In ATD-induced agranulocytosis, expression of the miR-17-92 cluster is reduced in both serum and granulocytes, though this alteration does not correlate with bone marrow characteristics or thyroid function. (springermedizin.de)
- agranulocytosis (əgrăn´yəlōsītō´sis) , disease in which the production of granulated white blood cells by the bone marrow is impaired. (encyclopedia.com)
- Agranulocytosis, also known as agranulosis or granulopenia, is a condition that occurs when the bone marrow (the soft tissue inside bones) fails to make enough white blood cells. (stlouischildrens.org)
- J. Yang, J. Zhong, X.H. Xiao, L.Z. Zhou, Y.J. Chen, J.H. Liu, R.X. Cao, G.B. Wen, The relationship between bone marrow characteristics and the clinical prognosis of antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis. (springermedizin.de)
- In bone marrow aplasia, the development of agranulocytosis can be progressive. (mediologiest.com)
- Agranulocytosis should not be confused with neutropenia, a condition in which the bone marrow fails to make enough neutrophils, a specific group of granulocytes. (docdoc.com)
- Agranulocytosis is a serious condition that occurs when the body does not make enough granulocytes, which are a type of white blood cell. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- PURPOSE/BACKGROUND: Clozapine is associated with hematological abnormalities, notably neutropenia, which may progress to agranulocytosis. (rcsi.com)
- Purpose: Thiamazole (MMI) is frequently used for the treatment of Graves' disease, but it occasionally induces agranulocytosis at the beginning of the treatment. (ndsl.kr)
- Clozapine-Associated Agranulocytosis Treatment With Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor/Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor: A Systematic Review. (rcsi.com)
- METHODS/PROCEDURES: We conducted a systematic review of published interventional and observational studies, case series, and case reports where G-CSF/GM-CSF was used to treat clozapine-associated agranulocytosis. (rcsi.com)
- To be precise, neutropenia is the term normally used to describe absolute neutrophil counts (ANCs) of less than 500 cells per microlitre, whereas agranulocytosis is reserved for cases with ANCs of less than 100 cells per microlitre. (wikipedia.org)
- Recently Hoppin and colleagues (2) described three cases of pentazocine-related agranulocytosis. (annals.org)
- In approximately 5% of cases drug-induced agranulocytosis may be fatal. (nih.gov)
- Due to some cases of agranulocytosis, Acorda Therapeutics has decided to increase the frequency of blood cell count monitoring to weekly for participants taking part in its Phase 3 program of tozadenant. (empr.com)
- Four cases were associated with agranulocytosis, 2 had no white blood cell counts available and 1 had a high white blood cell count. (empr.com)
- The annual risk of agranulocytosis to the general population has been reported as 3.4 per million with greater than two-thirds of all cases are attributed to pharmaceutical drug use ( 9 , 10 ). (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
- H. Nakamura, A. Miyauchi, N. Miyawaki, J. Imagawa, Analysis of 754 cases of antithyroid drug-induced agranulocytosis over 30 years in Japan. (springermedizin.de)
- Agranulocytosis is used to describe a more severe subcategory of neutropenia, applied to cases in which the ANC is lower than 500/μL. (diff.org)
- In the majority of cases, agranulocytosis is a blood abnormality that follows the taking of certain drug treatments. (mediologiest.com)
- All cases were extracted from a cohort study on agranulocytosis conducted at the Strasbourg University Hospital (Strasbourg, France). (mdpi.com)
- Analgesics significantly associated with agranulocytosis were dipyrone (metamizol sodium), indomethacin, and butazones (phenylbutazone and oxyphenbutazone). (nih.gov)