Any behavior associated with conflict between two individuals.
Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.
Social structure of a group as it relates to the relative social rank of dominance status of its members. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)
Relationship between individuals when one individual threatens or becomes aggressive and the other individual remains passive or attempts to escape.
The observable response an animal makes to any situation.
Behavior in defense of an area against another individual or individuals primarily of the same species.
Sexual activities of animals.
Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual, usually of the same species.
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of water and other liquids; includes rhythmic patterns of drinking (time intervals - onset and duration), frequency and satiety.
The discipline pertaining to the study of animal behavior.

Effect of chronic social stress on delta-opioid receptor function in the rat. (1/134)

Previous studies have shown that stressors modify endogenous opioid systems. However, the consequences of social stress on the function of endogenous opioid systems is not well documented. The present studies investigated the effect of rank and housing condition on response to SNC-80, a delta receptor agonist. Triad-housed rats were assessed for dominance status by their behavior and alteration in body weights. At 3 and 50 days, triad- and individually housed rats were injected with SNC-80 (35 mg/kg i.p.) or saline, and evaluated using a test battery consisting of open field behaviors, rectal temperature, analgesia, and air-puff-induced ultrasonic vocalizations. After 50 days of housing, plasma corticosterone, adrenal catecholamines, and the density of cyclic[D-penicillamine2-D-penicillamine2]enkephalin-stimu lat ed guanylyl 5'-[gamma[35S]thio]-triphosphate binding in the prefrontal cortex, the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, thalamus, arcuate, and median eminence were also determined. The first 24 h of triad housing resulted in loss of body weight in subdominant (betas and gammas) but not dominant alpha rats. SCN-80-induced hypothermia was smaller, and there was no depression of headpoke and locomotor behavior in the periphery and the center of the field of alpha rats, in contrast to subdominant and singly housed rats. Rank status did not influence SNC-80's analgesic effect or its inhibition of air-puff-induced ultrasonic vocalizations. Plasma corticosterone levels of alphas and gammas were lower compared with betas and singly housed rats. Agonist stimulation of delta receptor guanylyl 5'-[gamma[35S]thio]-triphosphate binding was lateralized in prefrontal cortex and amygdala, but not nucleus accumbens. Binding was highest in all brain areas of singly housed rats and lowest in the thalamus of beta and of gamma rats. Lateralized binding in amygdala, high locomotor activity, and sensory sensitivity correlated positively with greater sensitivity to SNC-80-induced depression in these measures. Higher binding in the right amygdala correlated with higher plasma corticosterone levels. These findings indicate that dominant rats displayed stimulant rather than depressant responses to delta-opioid activation. Therefore in rodents rank-related stress can alter responsiveness of the endogenous opioid system, and dominance can increase the excitatory effects of delta agonists.  (+info)

Agonistic behaviour and biogenic amines in shore crabs Carcinus maenas. (2/134)

To investigate the role of certain neurohormones in agonistic behaviour, fights were staged between pairs of size-matched male shore crabs Carcinus maenas, and blood samples were taken immediately after the contests had been resolved. Samples were also taken from these crabs at rest (before and after fighting) and after walking on a treadmill. A control group of crabs also had samples taken on each experimental day. Concentrations of tyramine, dopamine, octopamine, serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine were determined in each blood sample using a gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) system. Norepinephrine was not detectable in any of the samples, but the standards were recovered. Tyramine values were not significantly different between the control group and the fought group, so tyramine does not appear to be important in agonistic behaviour. A comparison between the control and fought groups shows that fighting had an effect on the concentrations of octopamine, dopamine and 5-HT, but exercise only had an effect on octopamine levels, which showed a reduction from resting values in both winners and losers. Resting and post-fight concentrations of octopamine, dopamine and 5-HT were higher in winners than in losers. 5-HT concentration increased in the blood of fought crabs from resting values, whereas dopamine concentration decreased. In winners, octopamine concentrations decreased from resting values, but in losers octopamine levels increased from resting concentrations. The escalatory behaviour or intensity of fighting performed by winners and losers was related to dopamine levels but not to those of octopamine or 5-HT. Therefore, there appears to be a link between relative concentrations of these three amines (dopamine, octopamine and 5-HT) and fighting ability; the effects are not simply a result of activity. The better competitors have higher concentrations of these three amines at rest and after fighting.  (+info)

Antagonism and accommodation: interpreting the relationship between public health and medicine in the United States during the 20th century. (3/134)

Throughout the course of the 20th century, many observers have noted important tensions and antipathies between public health and medicine. At the same time, reformers have often called for better engagement and collaboration between the 2 fields. This article examines the history of the relationship between medicine and public health to examine how they developed as separate and often conflicting professions. The historical character of this relationship can be understood only in the context of institutional developments in professional education, the rise of the biomedical model of disease, and the epidemiologic transition from infectious disease to the predominance of systemic chronic diseases. Many problems in the contemporary burden of disease pose opportunities for effective collaborations between population-based and clinical interventions. A stronger alliance between public health and medicine through accommodation to a reductionist biomedicine, however, threatens to subvert public health's historical commitment to understanding and addressing the social roots of disease.  (+info)

Clinical trial of a feline pheromone analogue for feline urine marking. (4/134)

Thirty-six cases of feline urine marking problem were collected through the cooperation of veterinary practitioners in the Kanto, Chubu, and Kansai areas in Japan, for an assessment of the clinical effect of treatment with a synthetic analogue of a feline cheek gland pheromone-like product. The mean frequency of urine marking was 14.2 times/week (median, 10; range, 1-77) at pre-treatment week (preW), and decreased significantly from the first week of treatment, dropping to 4.2 times/week (median, 2; range, 0-44) at the fourth week of treatment. This effect continued until the fourth week after cessation of treatment. These 36 cases were divided into 3 groups based on the effectiveness of treatment as demonstrated in the fourth week of treatment; 37% was categorized as the totally eliminated group (urine marking was not seen), 40% as the reduced group (the frequency of urine marking was equal to or less than 50% that of the preW), and 23% as the unchanged group (the frequency of urine marking was more than 50% that of the preW). Effectiveness of treatment in these groups was 38%, 24%, and 38% at the fourth week after the cessation of treatment, respectively. The decreasing rate of urine marking was compared between cats with and without intercat aggression, and it was revealed that the frequency of marking was sustained at high level in cats with intercat aggression. These results suggest that this pheromone treatment is as effective in Japan as has been reported in other countries for solving feline urine marking problems.  (+info)

Bullying behaviors among US youth: prevalence and association with psychosocial adjustment. (5/134)

CONTEXT: Although violence among US youth is a current major concern, bullying is infrequently addressed and no national data on the prevalence of bullying are available. OBJECTIVES: To measure the prevalence of bullying behaviors among US youth and to determine the association of bullying and being bullied with indicators of psychosocial adjustment, including problem behavior, school adjustment, social/emotional adjustment, and parenting. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Analysis of data from a representative sample of 15 686 students in grades 6 through 10 in public and private schools throughout the United States who completed the World Health Organization's Health Behaviour in School-aged Children survey during the spring of 1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Self-report of involvement in bullying and being bullied by others. RESULTS: A total of 29.9% of the sample reported moderate or frequent involvement in bullying, as a bully (13.0%), one who was bullied (10.6%), or both (6.3%). Males were more likely than females to be both perpetrators and targets of bullying. The frequency of bullying was higher among 6th- through 8th-grade students than among 9th- and 10th-grade students. Perpetrating and experiencing bullying were associated with poorer psychosocial adjustment (P<.001); however, different patterns of association occurred among bullies, those bullied, and those who both bullied others and were bullied themselves. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of bullying among US youth is substantial. Given the concurrent behavioral and emotional difficulties associated with bullying, as well as the potential long-term negative outcomes for these youth, the issue of bullying merits serious attention, both for future research and preventive intervention.  (+info)

Anti-bullying interventions at school: aspects of programme adaptation and critical issues for further programme development. (6/134)

Recently, a growing interest in problems at school of peer aggression and victimization was observed. As a result, intervention strategies appropriate for this kind of problem were required. The Norwegian anti-bullying intervention that was developed and evaluated by Olweus (1992) in the region of Bergen was considered to be a good model for other countries to implement interventions against peer aggression within the school environment. It was therefore adapted to the educational settings of other countries. This paper aims to discuss the adaptation processes of the Bergen anti-bullying programme and to give guidelines to advance further programme development. For this, the DFE Sheffield Bullying Project (Smith and Sharp, 1994), the Anti-bullying Intervention in Toronto schools (Pepler et al., 1994) and the Flemish anti-bullying project (Stevens and Van Oost, 1994) were considered in the analyses. Discussion of the adaptation processes of the Bergen model programme revealed that the adapted interventions largely succeeded in incorporating the core components of the Bergen model programme, taking into account the characteristics of the implementation environment. This suggests that for bully/victim interventions, the dilemma of programme fidelity and programme adaptation could be solved adequately. However, from a health promotion perspective, some critical issues for programme improvement were observed. Three suggestions for change were made, indicating that anti-bullying actions at schools may benefit from: (i) a clear overview of the learning objectives, specified per target population; (ii) more attention to parental involvement and family interventions; and (iii) additional information about the adoption processes of the anti-bullying interventions within schools.  (+info)

The evolution of bourgeois, parasitic, and cooperative reproductive behaviors in fishes. (7/134)

Among vertebrate classes, fishes exhibit by far the greatest variability in competitive and cooperative behaviors in male reproduction. Scramble competition between reproductive males is one possibility. Another possibility occurs when resources, mates, or locations can be monopolized, in which case males may invest in primary access to fertilizations by adopting a "bourgeois" strategy, or they may employ alternative mating tactics to evade the reproductive monopoly of other males. Adaptations in morphology, physiology, and behavior to bourgeois and alternative phenotypes are highly divergent. Here I review the functional characteristics that differ between bourgeois and parasitic phenotypes, and discuss the variability of alternative reproductive tactics at the levels of plasticity, determination, and selection. Examples will illustrate the importance of ecology, and will suggest that variation in reproductive tactics is largely adaptive. Behavioral solutions to competition for mates and fertilizations often involve agonistic behavior and conflict, but also cooperation among competitors (e.g., when subordinate males pay a price to bourgeois males for gaining access to fertilizable eggs). Application of molecular genetic tools has helped to uncover intricate sexual and social relationships in various fish species, including species that display some of the most complex reproductive and social patterns known among the vertebrates.  (+info)

Competition for space among sessile marine invertebrates: changes in HSP70 expression in two Pacific cnidarians. (8/134)

The role of stress proteins-either constitutive (HSC) or inducible (HSP)-of the HSP70 family in intra- and interspecific competition for space was examined in two sessile Pacific cnidarians. Anthopleura elegantissima, an intertidal anemone, and Corynactis californica, a subtidal corallimorpharian, express HSP70 in the absence of apparent physical stress. HSP70 protein expression is concentrated in the tentacles of A. elegantissima when the animal is exposed to contact with other benthic organisms. Under the same conditions, however, HSP concentrations are similar in the body and tentacles of C. californica. When two different clones of A. elegantissima interact in the field, the outside polyps (warriors) express more HSP70 than the inside ones (2.4 versus 0.6 ng HSP70/microg Protein). When different C. californica clones interact, HSP70 expression in the outside and inside polyps is similar (1.5 versus 1.8 ng HSP70/microg P) and is fairly constant in the corallimorpharian in the different interspecific encounters. HSP70 expression is related to the different kinds of aggression encountered by both cnidarians. HSP70 expression may be involved in the recovery of tissues damaged by the allelochemical, cytotoxical, or corrosive substances produced by different enemies. C. californica clones appear prepared for war, as evidenced by the high constant expression of HSP70 in the polyps. A. elegantissima exhibits differential HSP70 expression depending on the identity of each neighboring intra- or interspecific sessile competitor. We propose that stress proteins can be used to quantify space competition or aggression among sessile marine invertebrates.  (+info)

These cells do not open directly to the surface of the skin, but injury caused by fighting and other agonistic behaviors may ... Ladich F, Myrberg AA (2006). "Agonistic Behavior and Acoustic Communication". Communication in Fishes. 1: 121-148. Fine ML, ... Feeding behavior to food is due to amino acids released by food. This is reported to cause maxillary and mandibular barbell ... Different sounds may be used for different functions in communication, such as in behavior towards predators and in asserting ...
in the American Journal of Primatology; November 2001 Klein, L. L. (1974). Agonistic behavior in neotropical primates. In ... The Mexican howler exhibits limited interaction with members of its species and very minor aggressive behavior. There is ... Females also show aggression when asserting dominance, though this is usually limited to harassment behavior like hair pulling ...
According to a study by Kaatz, sounds for disturbance (e.g. alarm) and agonistic behavior were not significantly different, ... 2006). "Agonistic Behavior and Acoustic Communication". Communication in Fishes. 1: 121-148.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: ... This is a very important fish communication mechanism, especially during agonistic and distress behaviors. Catfish are able to ... During courtship behavior in three species of Corydoras catfish, all males actively produced stridulation sounds before egg ...
Takeuchi T (January 2017). "Agonistic display or courtship behavior? A review of contests over mating opportunity in ... Broom DM (1998). "Welfare, Stress, and the Evolution of Feelings". Stress and Behavior. Advances in the Study of Behavior. Vol ... Takeuchi T, Imafuku M (September 2005). "Territorial behavior of a green hairstreak Chrysozephyrus smaragdinus (Lepidoptera: ... Journal of Mind and Behavior. 5 (2): 119-130. ISSN 0271-0137. JSTOR 43853318. Morgan CL (1903). "Chapter 3. Other minds than ...
Boal, C. W. (2001). Agonistic behavior of Cooper's Hawks. Raptor Research 35:253-256. Lien, L. A., Millsap, B. A., Madden, K ... Breeding adults generally engage in agonistic behavior when an interloper of their sex is present; 11 responses showed that ... Anti-predator behavior by parent Cooper's hawks against crows, red-tailed hawks and eastern gray squirrels were observed in ... Roth II, T. C., & Lima, S. L. (2003). Hunting behavior and diet of Cooper's hawks: an urban view of the small-bird-in-winter ...
Cambridge University Press.[page needed] McGlone, John J. (April 1986). "Agonistic Behavior in Food Animals: Review of Research ... Ferris, C.F.; Delville, Y. (January 1994). "Vasopressin and serotonin interactions in the control of agonistic behavior". ... Risenhoover, K.; Bailey, J. (1985). "Relationships between group size, feeding time, and agonistic behavior of mountain goats ... Caldwell, Roy L.; Dingle, Hugh (May 1975). "Ecology and evolution of agonistic behavior in stomatopods". Die ...
Agonistic Behavior in the House Finch. Part I. Annual Cycle and Display Patterns. The Condor, 62(4) :245-271. Agonistic ... Agonistic Behavior of the House Finch (Carpodacus mexicanus). University of California Graduate Division, Northern Section. ... Singing behavior of the Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) (U. S. A.) Abstracts - XI Congressus Internationalis Ornithologicus. ... Singing Behavior of the Indigo Bunting, Passerina cyanea, Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 31 :39-59. A Behavioral and ...
Thompson, William L (1960). "Agonistic Behavior in the House Finch. Part I: Annual Cycle and Display Patterns" (PDF). The ... He may then present the female with choice bits of food, and if she mimics the behavior of a hungry chick, he may actually feed ... Evanden, Fred G. (1957). "Observations on Nesting Behavior of the House Finch" (PDF). The Condor. University of California ...
"Agonistic behavior in pachycephalosaurs (Ornithischia, Dinosauria); a new look at head-butting behavior". Rocky Mountain ... with comments on cranial display structures in agonistic behavior". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 18 (2): 363-375. doi: ... Snively, E.; Theodor, J. M. (2011). "Common Functional Correlates of Head-Strike Behavior in the Pachycephalosaur Stegoceras ... Snively, E.; Cox, A. (2008). "Structural Mechanics of Pachycephalosaur Crania Permitted Head-butting Behavior". Palaeontologia ...
"Agonistic behavior in pachycephalosaurs (Ornithischia, Dinosauria); a new look at head-butting behavior". Rocky Mountain ... or for horn-locking agonistic behavior. The study of sexual dimorphism in dinosaurs is incredibly difficult. The varying size ... or to butt into the softer flank of other pachycephalosaurs for intraspecific communication or as a form of agonistic behavior ... Snively, Eric; Cox, Andres (2008). "Structural Mechanics of Pachycephalosaur Crania Permitted Head-Butting Behavior". ...
ISBN 978-0-226-77993-5. Coutlee, Ellen L. (1967). "Agonistic behavior in the American goldfinch". The Wilson Bulletin. 79 (1): ... Avoidance behaviors include showing only the side of the body to an aggressor, leaning away, flexing the legs, retracting the ... Popp, James W. (1987). "Resource value and dominance among American goldfinches". Bird Behavior. 7 (2): 73-77. doi:10.3727/ ...
2006). "Five: Agonistic Behavior and Acoustic Communication" (PDF). Communication in Fishes. Science Publications. pp. 122-148 ...
Information on agonistic behavior is also limited. However, territorial calling and aerial displays have been noted, while ... Fisher, C, Lindgren, E & Dawson, W 1972, Drinking patterns and behavior of Australian desert birds in relation to their ecology ...
In calves, the frequency of agonistic behavior decreases as space allowance increases, but this does not occur for changes in ... Such agonistic behavior reduces the risk of injury. Dominance status depended on age and sex, with older animals generally ... "The effect of group size and space allowance on the agonistic and spacing behavior of cattle". Applied Animal Behaviour Science ... By adjusting their behavior, cattle obtain heavier bites in swards that are tall and sparse compared with short, dense swards ...
Caldwell, Roy L.; Dingle, Hugh (1975). "Ecology and evolution of agonistic behavior in stomatopods". Die Naturwissenschaften. ...
... there is no observed cooperative or agonistic behavior. Main and lateral burrows are kept open by packing soil into the side of ... The cell lining behavior consisted of brushing motions over the cell using the female's metasoma. Females do not open cells ... M. portalis has both territorial male behavior in a female emergence site (inside the nests) as well as a resource-based ... Further, large headed males are very conscious of female reproductive behavior: during cell provisioning, large headed males ...
In many primate species, males direct agonistic behavior toward females prior to courtship behaviors. Such behavior can include ... agonistic behavior between males and females during courtship displays is seen in nature. Intraspecific agonistic behavior that ... However, agonistic behavior that turns dangerous does occur. In some species, physical traits that are sexually selected for in ... In some birds and mammals, the male may participate in agonistic behaviors with other candidate males. Although rare, ...
Sands, W.A. (1982). "Agonistic behavior of African soldierless apico-termitinae (Isoptera, Termitidae)". Sociobiology. 7 (1): ... Shorter, John R.; Rueppell, Olav (2011). "A review on self-destructive defense behaviors in social insects" (PDF). Insectes ... Bordereau, Christian; Robert, Annie R.; Van Tuyen, V.; Peppuy, Alexis (1997). "Suicidal defensive behavior by frontal gland ...
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194465 Yabuta, S. (2000). Behaviors in agonistic interaction of the butterflyfish (Chaetodon ... Animal Behavior, 63, 165-173. doi:10.1006/anbe.2001.1869 Pratchett, M.S. (2005). Dietary overlap among coral-feeding ... It is performed towards conspecifics in territorial disputes as well as in non-agonistic interactions with a pair partner. C. ... A tail-up display is a common antagonistic behavior in the Chaetodon species. ...
Individuals tend to be aggressive to one another; hisses, grunts and even distress calls accompany agonistic behavior. Largely ... A study of the foraging behavior of the bare-tailed woolly opossum and the sympatric kinkajou showed that both feed on a ...
Clear agonistic gaping behavior observed in Great White Shark. Frill-necked lizard faces predators, making itself look big with ... Gaping is a common form of behavior in the animal kingdom, in which an animal opens its mouth widely and displays the interior ... Other snakes, such as the Western Massasauga, have been observed to engage in gaping behavior which "appears to be unrelated to ... Some animals have evolved features which make gaping behavior more visually effective. For example, "[i]n many species of ...
Rice, Clifford G (1988). "Agonistic and sexual behavior of Nilgiri tahr (Hemitragus hylocrius)". Ethology. 78 (2): 89-112. doi: ... Midway Reprint) Barrows, Edward M. (2011-04-26). Animal Behavior Desk Reference: A Dictionary of Animal Behavior, Ecology …. ... Similar urine-spraying behavior is common in other deer species, and is known as automarking. Throughout the year white-tailed ... doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1972.tb00876.x. Xu, Z.; Stoddart, D.M.; Ding, H.; Zhang, J. (1995). "Self-anointing behavior in the ...
A. colensonis has been found to show aggressive, agonistic behavior. Larvae remain still and sit in one spot for hours and are ... Rowe, R. J. (January 1992). "Agonistic behaviour in final-instar larvae of Austrolestes colensonis (Odonata: Lestidae)". New ... As adults A. colensonis also exhibit thermoregulation behavior. There are two mechanisms involved: physiological colour changes ...
Ph.D. (1974). AGONISTIC AND COURTSHIP BEHAVIOR OF FIELD SPARROWS, SPIZELLA PUSILLA (WILSON). University of Michigan, United ... 1969). On Territorial Behavior and Other Factors Influencing Habitat Distribution in Birds Part 3 Breeding Success in a Local ... 2001). Nest desertion by field sparrows and its possible influence on the evolution of Cowbird behavior. The Auk. vol 118, no 3 ... Ph.D. (1972). THE VOCAL BEHAVIOR OF THE FIELD SPARROW. The Ohio State University, United States, Ohio. Heckenlively DB. ...
Nocturnal activity includes agonistic or aggressive behaviors, courtship, and foraging. When artificial lights are used in ... Blue tailed geckos and other reptiles are sensitive to artificial light at night and will change their behaviors as a result of ... It has been found that blue tailed geckos will change their foraging behavior from diurnal to nocturnal in cases where they ...
... these sounds are used for agonistic behaviors, including territory defense. The copper rockfish is a relatively common rockfish ... In combination with habitat patchiness and limited larva dispersal distance, this behavior means separate populations genetics ...
ISBN 978-0-85199-717-9. McGlone, John J. (1 April 1986). "Agonistic Behavior in Food Animals: Review of Research and Techniques ... Bunting is a form of animal behavior, often found in cats, in which the animal butts or rubs its head against other things, ... Lions will often greet each other with this head bunting behavior when returning to a pride after a hunt. In the early stages ... Bunting is a normal animal behavior, and should be distinguished from head pressing, which is abnormal and typically a sign of ...
This agonistic territorial behavior is more severe interspecifically than intraspecifically. An interspecific hierarchy for the ... that are warmer in temperature and will exclude other families from thermally-superior shelters through agonistic behavior. ... While adult skinks will tolerate their own offspring, invading conspecific adults are shown aggressive territorial behavior, ...
"Agonistic behavior and unpredictable chronic mild stress in mice" (PDF). Behavior Genetics. 33 (5): 513-519. doi:10.1023/A: ... Loehlin, John (1 April 2009). "History of behavior genetics". In Kim, Yong-Kyu (ed.). Handbook of Behavior Genetics. Berlin: ... He edited special issues for the journals Behavior Genetics, Behavioural Brain Research, Physiology and Behavior (with Robert ... "Altered anxiety-related and social behaviors in the Fmr1 knockout mouse model of fragile X syndrome". Genes, Brain and Behavior ...
Newmark, J. E.; Jenkins, S. H. (April 2000). "Sex Differences in Agonistic Behavior of Merriam's Kangaroo Rats (Dipodomys ... This caching behavior affects the rangeland and croplands where the animals live. Kangaroo rats must harvest as much seed as ... Schroder, G. D. (August 1979). "Foraging Behavior and Home Range Utilization of the Bannertail Kangaroo Rat". Ecology. 60 (4): ...
... but is chased away or engaged in agonistic behavior if it does not give a head nod or gives a challenge display. If the adult ... This behavior suggests that being selective aids in reproductive isolation. It also suggests that being around conspecifics is ... Fleishman, Leo J. (1988). "The Social Behavior of Anolis auratus, a Grass Anole from Panama". Journal of Herpetology. 22 (1): ... Fleishman, Leo J. (1988). "The Social Behavior of Anolis auratus, a Grass Anole from Panama". Journal of Herpetology. 22 (1): ...
... and courtship behaviors while the latter exhibit basking and foraging behaviors. The collared lizard in the wild has been the ... However, when agonistic interactions between male rivals escalate to violent fights, both lizards must expend substantial ... engaging in more courtship behaviors. This cost-benefit strategy demonstrates the complex social behaviors and decision making ... This triggers aggressive behaviors in males and induces fierce competition for mating. With regards to female selection of male ...
Territoriality and the spatial distribution of sexual and agonistic behavior at a territorial ground. Z. Tierpsychol, 37:192- ... Buechner, H. K., Schleoth, R. K., (1965) Ceremonial mating behavior in Uganda kob (Adenota kob thomsi Neuman). Z. Tierpsychol, ... Estes, Richard (1991). The Behavior Guide to African Mammals: Including Hoofed Mammals, Carnivores, Primates. University of ...
This behavior may have substantial benefits since it may allow retaining the desired beneficial therapeutic effects of a drug ... The agonistic effects of endogenous hormones can also be mimicked by certain synthetic ligands, for example, the glucocorticoid ... gene expression by nuclear receptors often occurs in the presence of a ligand-a molecule that affects the receptor's behavior. ...
"Alien behavior" can be distinguished from reflexive behavior in that the former is flexibly purposive while the latter is ... Agonistic dyspraxia can thus be viewed as an involuntary competitive interaction between the two hands directed toward ... or until the hand does something that draws their attention to its behavior. There is a clear distinction between the behaviors ... The behavior of the patient is, in a sense, obligatorily linked to the "affordances" (using terminology introduced by the ...
leaves: a puzzle in the feeding behavior of wild chimpanzees. Primates 24: 276-282. Nishida T. e.a. (2010) Chimpanzee behavior ... London: Jonathan Cape Nishida T. (1983) Alpha status and agonistic alliances in wild chimpanzees. Primates 24: 318-336. Nishida ... a behavior that had not been observed in the Gombe chimpanzees. Based on their visit, McGrew and Tutin were the first to ...
Releasing sperm directly into the water increases sperm competition through agonistic behavior and spawning in groups. This has ... doi:10.1046/j.1420-9101.2002.00409.x. Houck, Lynne D.; Arnold, Stevan J. (2003). "Courtship and Mating Behavior" (PDF). In ... Role of behavior and fine temporal windows in maintaining reproductive isolation". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 64 (11 ...
Lastly, studies show that cells treated by HAMLET exhibit behaviors common to macroautophagy. This includes presence of ... "Targeting TRAIL Agonistic Receptors for Cancer Therapy". Clinical Cancer Research. 13 (8): 2313-2317. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR ...
2019). A study on the variation in feeding behavior of fossil toothed whales with extremely long rostra is published by McCurry ... "Evidence of intraspecific agonistic interactions in Smilodon populator (Carnivora, Felidae)". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 18 (4): ... A study determining the origins of nocturnal behavior in early mammals as correlating to sperm preservation. Martin Pickford ( ... George A. Lyras (2019). "Brain changes during phyletic dwarfing in elephants and hippos". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 92 (3- ...
The newer drug enzalutamide has been shown not to have agonistic properties in the context of overexpression of the AR, though ... Morali G, Oropeza MV, Lemus AE, Perez-Palacios G (September 1994). "Mechanisms regulating male sexual behavior in the rat: role ... King SR (2008). "Emerging roles for neurosteroids in sexual behavior and function". Journal of Andrology. 29 (5): 524-33. doi: ... by a variety of findings including animal studies showing that estrogen deficiency results in diminished sexual behavior, ...
Agonistic behaviors have been recorded between B. pauloensis queens in colonies that are in polygynous phases. These ... Queen dominance is correlated with aggressive behaviors. One theory for why these subordinate remain in the nest relates to the ... The polygynous nesting cycles lead to certain specific types of behavior including queen-queen aggression. Nests can also be ... The purpose of such "litter manipulating" behavior is unclear. Subordinate queens have sometimes been observed to assume the ...
"Norway Rat Behavior Repertoire". ratbehavior.org. Barnett, S. (1975). The Rat: a study in behavior (pp. 52-115). Chicago, MI: ... Haney, M.; Miczek, K.A. (1993). "Ultrasounds during agonistic interactions between female rats (Rattus norvegicus)". Journal of ... Foraging behavior is often population-specific, and varies by environment and food source. Brown rats living near a hatchery in ... Martin Schein, founder of the Animal Behavior Society in 1964, studied the diet of brown rats and came to the conclusion that ...
There are a number of problematic behaviors that affect the human-cat relationship. One behavior is when cats attack people by ... Agonistic vocalisations in domestic cats: a case study. In Proc Fonetik (Vol. 2015, pp. 85-90). Spielman, Dr. Bari. "Panting in ... Pam Johnson-Bennett (3 May 2012). "Bunting Behavior". Retrieved 30 March 2015. Mary White. "Cat Behavior Tips". LifeTips. ... the cue that initiates the behavior, the response to the cue, and the reward for completing the behavior. This is shown when ...
can be territorial and display aggressive behaviors. Larger individuals are more likely to act aggressively, and this behavior ... 2012). Agonistic behaviour among Haemulon spp. (Actinopterygii: Haemulidae) and other coral reef fishes in northeastern Brazil ... The spawning behavior of these fish has not been observed. Haemulon is split by some authorities into two genera, these workers ... Like other members of their family, these fish produce a grunting sound by grinding their pharyngeal teeth, the behavior which ...
Jaeger, Michael M; Pandit, Rajat K; Haque, Emdadul (1996). "Seasonal Differences in Territorial Behavior by Golden Jackals in ... Feddersen-Petersen, D. (1991). "The ontogeny of social play and agonistic behaviour in selected canid species" (PDF). Bonn. ... "On the effects of domestication on canine social development and behavior". Applied Animal Ethology. 8 (6): 507. doi:10.1016/ ...
In particular, the Babylonian text Dialogue of Pessimism contains similarities to the agonistic thought of the Sophists, the ... 1) Guo, Rongxing (2017). An Economic Inquiry into the Nonlinear Behaviors of Nations: Dynamic Developments and the Origins of ...
Locomotor postures and behaviors have included vertical clinging and leaping (including saltatory behavior), seen in indriids ... Sifakas are known to exhibit an open-mouth play face as well as a submissive teeth-baring grimace used in agonistic ... Some lemurs defecate in specific areas, otherwise known as latrine behavior. Although many animals exhibit this behavior, it is ... This type of behavior was first documented in the 1960s in true lemur species as well as other Lemuridae species, such as ...
In agonistic interactions, barking sounds such as "ngre-go, ngre-go" are used to maintain their group's territory. The Phayre's ... 2018). "Feeding Behavior of Phayre's Leaf Monkey (Trachypithecus phayrei) and Capped Langur (Trachypithecus pileatus) in Dampa ... The females show promiscuous behavior, studies do show a preference for more experienced males, usually of higher dominance. ... agonistic interactions are observed in places of overlapping borders. Female dispersal is also observed between the groups, ...
Burrow-holding males engage in agonistic contests with both intruding males that attempt burrow take-overs and with other ... As territory owners become accustomed to their neighbours, they expend less time and energy on defensive behaviors directed ... 71-83 Alcock, John (2009). Animal Behavior, 9th Ed. Sinauer Associates. pp. 281-282. ISBN 978-0-87893-225-2. Bee, M.A., (2003 ... Animal Behaviour, 65: 391-396 McMann, S. and Paterson, A.V., (2012). Display behavior of resident brown anoles (Anolis sagrei) ...
Additionally, σ receptor agonistic, nACh receptor antagonistic, and D2 receptor agonistic actions have been reported for some ... and Behavior. 49 (4): 859-69. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(94)90235-6. PMID 7886099. S2CID 54306053. Thurkauf A, de Costa B, Yamaguchi ... and Behavior. 98 (2): 227-33. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2010.12.019. PMID 21215770. S2CID 24650035. Chaudieu I, Vignon J, ... and Behavior. 32 (3): 699-705. doi:10.1016/0091-3057(89)90020-8. PMID 2544905. S2CID 7672918. Itzhak Y, Simon EJ (August 1984 ...
... has been shown to increase locomotion and sniffing behavior in mice treated with it. At least one study has found ... Navarro JF, Maldonado E (September 1999). "Behavioral profile of quinpirole in agonistic encounters between male mice". Methods ... Szechtman, Henry; Sulis, William; Eilam, David (1998). "Quinpirole induces compulsive checking behavior in rats: A potential ... that quinpirole induces compulsive behavior symptomatic of obsessive compulsive disorder in rats. Another study in rats show ...
This call was also heard during agonistic behavior interactions with conspecifics, and may serve additionally or alternatively ... Environment has an effect on mobbing behavior as seen in a study conducted by Dagan & Izhaki (2019), wherein mobbing behavior ... Mobbing behavior varies in intensity depending on the perceived threat of a predator according to a study done by Dutour et al ... Costs of mobbing behavior include the risk of engaging with predators, as well as energy expended in the process. The black- ...
Hormones and pheromones released with urine by the fish often affect the behavior and physiology of the opposite sex. Dominant ... Dominant males both store and release more potent urine during agonistic interactions. Thus, both the initial stage of lek ... Male Mozambique tilapias synchronize breeding behavior in terms of courtship activity and territoriality in order to take ... However, contrary to popular belief, Mozambique tilapias display more agonistic interactions towards fish that are farther ...
Russo EB, Burnett A, Hall B, Parker KK (August 2005). "Agonistic properties of cannabidiol at 5-HT1a receptors". Neurochemical ... addictive-like behavior and pain modulation, among others. CB1 receptors are found primarily in the brain, more specifically in ... and Behavior. 81 (2): 224-238. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2005.01.027. PMID 15935454. S2CID 14186359. Ralevic V (July 2003). " ...
When males approach females, the fat sand rats tend to interact in an agonistic manner, and display many different behaviours, ... Daly, Martin; Daly, Sandra (1975). "Behavior of Psammomys obesus (Rodents: Gerbillinae) in the Algerian Sahara". Zeitschrift ... When females initiate the interactions and approach a male, agonistic encounters also occur as with male initiated interactions ...
... agonistic behavior, and pollination biology. He is the author of Evolution of Infectious Disease (1994) and Plague Time: The ...
Other agonistic behaviors. The most direct form of agonistic behavior in the blacktips came in a different form than those ... Johnson termed this posturing an agonistic display-agonistic being the term used to describe social behaviors involving ... Their behavior resembled the agonistic display of the gray reef shark without the exaggerated horizontal movements, yet it was ... Indeed, the few accounts we have of agonistic displays and behavior in sharks provide a tantalizing glimpse of how much is ...
Agonistic behavior in animals (subtopics). *Agonists (subtopics). *Agonists, Dopamine: see Dopamine -- Agonists ...
"Other Behaviors: Be Displaced, Emit Agonistic Call." I originally read "agonistic" as "agnostic." Anyhow, makes me feel like ... Ive noticed that behavior is important to defensive driving as well. Its hard to imagine contending with an unpiloted car in ...
Here, we recorded affiliative and agonistic behavior in.... Reinhardt, V. (ed.) 2013. Compassion Makes a Difference - ... Physiology & Behavior 238, 113488.. Despite the widely used application of standardized capture-handling protocols to collect ... The separate influences of spatial density and housing quality on the behavior of captive animals are difficult to measure ... Effects of changing housing conditions on mangabey behavior (Cercocebus atys): Spatial density, housing quality, and novelty ...
Agonistic behavior and dominance relationships in the harbor seal, Phoca vitulina. J Mammal. 1982;63:554-69. DOIGoogle Scholar ...
In order to reduce this sort of competition, males develop agonistic behaviors like mate guarding and flushing.[96] The ... Another behavior that males engage in is sneaker mating or mimicry - smaller males adjust their behavior to that of a female in ... Iwata, Y.; Ito, K.; Sakurai, Y. (2008). "Effect of low temperature on mating behavior of squid Loligo bleekeri". Fisheries ... Most cephalopods engage in aggressive sex: a protein in the male capsule sheath stimulates this behavior. They also engage in ...
All adults exhibited cooperative behavior, including caring for chicks, agonistic behaviors against conspecific intruders, and ... Lijin Zeng, John T. Rotenberry, Marlene Zuk, Thane K. Pratt, and Zhengwang Zhang "Social behavior and cooperative breeding in a ... Social behavior and cooperative breeding in a precocial species: The Kalij Pheasant (Lophura leucomelanos) in Hawaii. ... We examined social behavior and documented cooperative breeding in Kalij Pheasants (Lophura leucomelanos) in an introduced ...
Some of those missing behaviors are: mounting, T-position, agonistic pucker, grab and hold, muzzle punches, piloerection, and ... I am a proponent of describing the behavior rather than intention. Behavior, all by itself, speaks volumes! She also liberally ... Trish King, Behavior and Training Director of Marin Humane Society, author of Parenting Your Dog. Once I started reading it, it ... A Dog World Top 12 Training and Behavior Book - 2010!. Winner of the DWAA Maxwell Award for 2006, Best General Reference Book ...
Any behavior associated with conflict between two individuals.. Terms. Agonistic Behavior Preferred Term Term UI T001188. Date ... Behavior [F01.145] * Behavioral Symptoms [F01.145.126] * Aggression [F01.145.126.125] * Agonistic Behavior [F01.145.126.125.100 ... Agonistic Behavior Preferred Concept UI. M0000578. Scope Note. ... Agonistic Behavior. Tree Number(s). F01.145.126.125.100. Unique ... Any behavior associated with conflict between two individuals.. Public MeSH Note. 91; was see under AGGRESSION 1975-90. Online ...
Topic areas include the fundamental mechanisms underlying emotions, mood, agonistic and affiliative behaviors, social ... and behaviors related to affect, cognition and social behavior. ... 72-NBA / Affect, Social Behavior and Social Cognition Program. ... The SBIR and STTR programs in DAR support research aimed at changing risky behaviors, promoting strategies to reduce HIV ... 9A-ASPI / Methodology and Data-Science of Behavior in HIV Program. Division/Office: Division of AIDS Research ...
4. Butyl pocket formation in the vitamin D receptor strongly affects the agonistic or antagonistic behavior of ligands. ... 8. 22S-butyl-1alpha,24R-dihydroxyvitamin D3: recovery of vitamin D receptor agonistic activity.. Inaba Y; Nakabayashi M; Itoh T ... 3. Fine tuning of agonistic/antagonistic activity for vitamin D receptor by 22-alkyl chain length of ligands: 22S-Hexyl ... compound unexpectedly restored agonistic activity.. Anami Y; Sakamaki Y; Itoh T; Inaba Y; Nakabayashi M; Ikura T; Ito N; ...
It is known that the dominance hierarchy and agonistic behaviors can result in stress to the animals. This behavior influences ...
To accomplish this, we are building an ethogram of various foraging, locomotor, and agonistic behaviors between the four ... Play behavior in captive white-handed gibbons (Hylobates lar). Midstates Poster *Hull, Cara. Analysis of Great Call ... Carolyn Freiwald and I are collaborating on a project to conduct the first formal study of lowland gorilla behavior at the ... Prior to focusing my research on bioacoustics and animal behavior, I studied the population dynamics of white-tailed deer, gray ...
Agonistic Behavior and Defense Aggression. *Little to no aggression among group members (Schultze-Westrum 1969) *Dominance ... Social Behavior Most social interaction occurs inside nest. (Jackson 2015a). *All species of Petaurus highly social (Nowak ... Territorial Behavior Territorial. *Territory maintained by 1 or 2 dominant adult males in a group (Schultze-Westrum 1969) * ...
Agonistic behavior in animals. 2 Agonistic Behaviors -- See Agonistic Behavior Any behavior associated with conflict between ... Agonistic behavior in animals -- See Also the narrower term Animal fighting 1 ...
Any behavior associated with conflict between two individuals.. Terms. Agonistic Behavior Preferred Term Term UI T001188. Date ... Behavior [F01.145] * Behavioral Symptoms [F01.145.126] * Aggression [F01.145.126.125] * Agonistic Behavior [F01.145.126.125.100 ... Agonistic Behavior Preferred Concept UI. M0000578. Scope Note. ... Agonistic Behavior. Tree Number(s). F01.145.126.125.100. Unique ... Any behavior associated with conflict between two individuals.. Public MeSH Note. 91; was see under AGGRESSION 1975-90. Online ...
Animal Behavior. Animal Training. Dog training. The best online courses. Certification programs. Free videos and articles. Free ... Pacifying behavior.. Main textbook: "Agonistic Behavior" by R. Abrantes. Measuring Behavior. Four lessons: How to measure ... sexual behavior, instinct and learning, communication, social behavior, agonistic behavior, animal economics and intelligence, ... Agonistic Behavior. Five lessons: Fearful, aggressive, dominant, and submissive behavior. ...
... were commingled in a large pen to induce a stress response associated with agonistic behavior. Data recorded for each animal ... included: 1) behavior scores (pen behavior, chute behavior, chute exit speed), 2) physiological stress indicators (heart rate, ...
Alvarenga, C.M.D. & Volpato, G.L. (1995). Agonistic profile and metabolism in alevines of Nile tilapia. Physiology and.Behavior ...
The hormonal control of begging and early aggressive behavior:. Experiments in black-headed gull chicks.. - Hormones & Behavior ... Experience modulates both aromatase activity and the sensitivity of agonistic. behaviour to testosterone in black-headed gulls. ... Hormones and Behavior 61, 37-43. Ros A, Lusa J, Meyer M, Soares M, Oliveir R, Brossard M & Bshary R. (2011). Does access to the ... Hormones and Behavior 59, 151-158. Leong H, Ros AFH & Oliveira RF. (2009). Effects of common stressors on acivity, metabolic ...
Agressive or defensive social behavior such as fighting, fleeing or submitting between individuals usually of the same species. ...
Behavior. * Locomotion. * Self-Maintenance. * Agonistic Behavior. * Sexual Behavior. * Social and Interspecific Behavior ...
agonistic behavior 6% * natural environment 6% * home range 6% * conflict 5% * education 5% ...
Invasive lionfish (Pterois sp.) agonistic behavior observations. Bull. Mar. Sci., 94 (1): 1-2. ...
Agonistic Behavior - Preferred Concept UI. M0000578. Scope note. Any behavior associated with conflict between two individuals ... Any behavior associated with conflict between two individuals.. Allowable Qualifiers:. CL classification. DE drug effects. ES ... Agonistic Behaviors. Behavior, Agonistic. Behaviors, Agonistic. Tree number(s):. F01.145.126.125.100. ...
None of the treatments affected non-agonistic behaviors and spontaneous locomotion. In conclusion, NOP receptor agonists ... while the pharmacological and genetic blockade of NOP receptor signaling did not modify agonistic behaviors. Ultimately, the ... The systemic administration of the NOP antagonist SB-612111 did not modify the behavior of resident mice, but it prevented the ... AT-202 also failed to alter DID behavior when administered to mice previously exposed to chronic alcohol treatment with an ...
We show for the first time that nerve fibroblasts play antagonistic and agonistic roles for Schwann cells in a context- ... Nerve fibroblast impact on Schwann cell behavior. Nerve fibroblast impact on Schwann cell behavior ... Nerve fibroblast impact on Schwann cell behavior ...
... research has revealed that in modern times a dogs breed has relatively little correlation with an individual dogs behavior. ... For less heritable, less breed-differentiated traits, like agonistic threshold (how easily a dog is provoked by frightening or ... Breed is an Unreliable Predictor of Individual Dogs Behavior: Scientists. FIREPAW. May 7, 2022. April 29, 2022. Animal ... Thus, dog breed is generally a poor predictor of individual behavior and should not be used to inform decisions relating to ...
Hostile behavior in some owls, Strigidae]. PMID- 5166537 TI - Agonistic behaviour in Mongolian gerbils. PMID- 5166538 TI - ... Role of dominance status in shock-stimulated agonistic behavior. PMID- 5166348 TI - Acquisition of conditioned avoidance ... PMID- 5166077 TI - Effects of coping behavior with and without a feedback signal on stress pathology in rats. PMID- 5166078 TI ... PMID- 5165332 TI - Behavior therapy. PMID- 5165334 TI - [Clinico-pathological diagnosis of respiratory infections: changing ...
  • 3. Fine tuning of agonistic/antagonistic activity for vitamin D receptor by 22-alkyl chain length of ligands: 22S-Hexyl compound unexpectedly restored agonistic activity. (nih.gov)
  • 4. Butyl pocket formation in the vitamin D receptor strongly affects the agonistic or antagonistic behavior of ligands. (nih.gov)
  • We show for the first time that nerve fibroblasts play antagonistic and agonistic roles for Schwann cells in a context-dependent manner. (nmi.de)
  • At concentrations that did not cause significant mortality, NH3 did not exert a consistent antagonistic effect on photomotor behavior assays or mRNA expression when administered alone or in the presence of exogenous T4. (nih.gov)
  • It is known that the dominance hierarchy and agonistic behaviors can result in stress to the animals. (fapesp.br)
  • Dominance \ Submission - Dominance is usually established through violence (agonistic behavior like fights between stallions) or threatening looks (pinned back ears, squeals or sudden moves in the opponent's direction). (coloradobusinessprofiles.com)
  • The optimal combination of these behaviors is likely to differ among males with individuals exhibiting a dominance 'style' that reflects their tendency to use cooperative and/or agonistic dominance tactics. (duke.edu)
  • We examined social behavior and documented cooperative breeding in Kalij Pheasants ( Lophura leucomelanos ) in an introduced population in Hawaii, only the third reported instance of cooperative breeding in Phasianidae. (bioone.org)
  • She works with owners on re-socialization of fearful and aggressive dogs as well as teaching puppy socialization, competition obedience, conformation, tracking, back-packing, musical freestyle, and agility classes at Heaven On Arf Behavior and Training Center in Midland, Michigan. (dogwise.com)
  • Aggressive Behavior 32, 474-480. (unine.ch)
  • Experience modulates both aromatase activity and the sensitivity of agonistic behaviour to testosterone in black-headed gulls. (unine.ch)
  • Johnson termed this posturing an agonistic display-agonistic being the term used to describe social behaviors involving competition and conflict among animals. (xray-mag.com)
  • Any behavior associated with conflict between two individuals. (nih.gov)
  • Agonistic Behavior - It involves manifestations related to conflict and fighting, like anger, submission, aggression or conflict flight. (coloradobusinessprofiles.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Extensive research has evaluated the involvement of the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) in human social behaviors, including parent-infant relationships. (bvsalud.org)
  • This behavior influences access, consumption, digestion and metabolism of dietary nutrients. (fapesp.br)
  • Agonistic profile and metabolism in alevines of Nile tilapia. (bvsalud.org)
  • All adults exhibited cooperative behavior, including caring for chicks, agonistic behaviors against conspecific intruders, and vigilance against predators. (bioone.org)
  • Her observations, which are the first of their kind, have yielded valuable details about their lives, including their reproductive cycle, social biology, population structure, daily behavior patterns, roaming tendencies and cognitive abilities. (xray-mag.com)
  • The objective of this study is to determine the effects of NH3 on endpoints previously determined to be TH-sensitive in larval zebrafish, specifically teratology and mortality, photomotor behavior, and mRNA expression of TH signaling genes. (nih.gov)
  • Although many physical traits were associated with breeds, behavior was much more variable among individual dogs. (firepaw.org)
  • We propose that behaviors perceived as characteristic of modern breeds derive from thousands of years of polygenic adaptation that predates breed formation, with modern breeds distinguished primarily by aesthetic traits. (firepaw.org)
  • On the day before each harvest date, animals comprising each block (steers and heifers from all four treatment groups) were commingled in a large pen to induce a stress response associated with agonistic behavior. (beefresearch.org)
  • Contactual Behavior - It involves contact with other animals in order to seek out protection, affection or some other benefits. (coloradobusinessprofiles.com)
  • As mentioned above, the most important step in building a successful career in horse management is to study the above equine behavior types in depth, understand them and use the knowledge acquired to obtain the desired responses from the animals being trained. (coloradobusinessprofiles.com)
  • Three lessons: From the acquisition of indication behavior (alert) and acquisition of target scent to the final blind test. (ethology.eu)
  • These results indicate that amphetamines may influence behavior through effects on specific regions of the brain. (nih.gov)
  • Marten's comprehensive review suggests that agonistic displays are likely widespread among sharks of many species, but also that the gray reef shark's posturing is exceptional in its form and presentation. (xray-mag.com)
  • Horses' unique behavior is mostly determined by their status of herbivores and prey species. (coloradobusinessprofiles.com)
  • 8. 22S-butyl-1alpha,24R-dihydroxyvitamin D3: recovery of vitamin D receptor agonistic activity. (nih.gov)
  • Learn how to analyze what you see when observing dogs to prevent problems or improve behavior. (dogwise.com)
  • We studied the influence of aggressive behavior, reproductive status, and mobility of bank voles on the prevalence of PUUV infection. (medscape.com)