Crotalid Venoms: Venoms from snakes of the subfamily Crotalinae or pit vipers, found mostly in the Americas. They include the rattlesnake, cottonmouth, fer-de-lance, bushmaster, and American copperhead. Their venoms contain nontoxic proteins, cardio-, hemo-, cyto-, and neurotoxins, and many enzymes, especially phospholipases A. Many of the toxins have been characterized.Ancrod: An enzyme fraction from the venom of the Malayan pit viper, Agkistrodon rhodostoma. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of a number of amino acid esters and a limited proteolysis of fibrinogen. It is used clinically to produce controlled defibrination in patients requiring anticoagulant therapy. EC 3.4.21.-.Snakes: Limbless REPTILES of the suborder Serpentes.Batroxobin: A proteolytic enzyme obtained from the venom of fer-de-lance (Bothrops atrox). It is used as a plasma clotting agent for fibrinogen and for the detection of fibrinogen degradation products. The presence of heparin does not interfere with the clotting test. Hemocoagulase is a mixture containing batroxobin and factor X activator. EC 3.4.21.-.Viper Venoms: Venoms from SNAKES of the viperid family. They tend to be less toxic than elapid or hydrophid venoms and act mainly on the vascular system, interfering with coagulation and capillary membrane integrity and are highly cytotoxic. They contain large amounts of several enzymes, other factors, and some toxins.Snake Venoms: Solutions or mixtures of toxic and nontoxic substances elaborated by snake (Ophidia) salivary glands for the purpose of killing prey or disabling predators and delivered by grooved or hollow fangs. They usually contain enzymes, toxins, and other factors.Phospholipases A2: Phospholipases that hydrolyze the acyl group attached to the 2-position of PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES.Phospholipases A: Phospholipases that hydrolyze one of the acyl groups of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates.Phospholipases: A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates. EC 3.1.-.Disintegrins: A family of polypeptides purified from snake venoms, which contain the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence. The RGD tripeptide binds to integrin receptors and thus competitively inhibits normal integrin-ligand interactions. Disintegrins thus block adhesive functions and act as platelet aggregation inhibitors.L-Amino Acid Oxidase: An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of L-amino acids to KETO ACIDS with the generation of AMMONIA and HYDROGEN PEROXIDE. L-amino acid oxidase is widely distributed in and is thought to contribute to the toxicity of SNAKE VENOMS.Gnathostoma: A genus of parasitic nematodes that occurs in mammals including man. Infection in humans is either by larvae penetrating the skin or by ingestion of uncooked fish.Agkistrodon: A genus of venomous snakes of the subfamily Crotalinae. Twelve species of this genus are found in North and Central America and Asia. Agkistrodon contortrix is the copperhead, A. piscivorus, the cottonmouth. The former is named for its russet or orange-brown color, the latter for the white interior of its mouth. (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, p336; Moore, Poisonous Snakes of the World, 1980, p75)Antivenins: Antisera used to counteract poisoning by animal VENOMS, especially SNAKE VENOMS.Reptilian Proteins: Proteins obtained from species of REPTILES.Snake Bites: Bites by snakes. Bite by a venomous snake is characterized by stinging pain at the wound puncture. The venom injected at the site of the bite is capable of producing a deleterious effect on the blood or on the nervous system. (Webster's 3d ed; from Dorland, 27th ed, at snake, venomous)Poison Control Centers: Facilities which provide information concerning poisons and treatment of poisoning in emergencies.Cobra Venoms: Venoms from snakes of the genus Naja (family Elapidae). They contain many specific proteins that have cytotoxic, hemolytic, neurotoxic, and other properties. Like other elapid venoms, they are rich in enzymes. They include cobramines and cobralysins.Metalloendopeptidases: ENDOPEPTIDASES which use a metal such as ZINC in the catalytic mechanism.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Lethal Dose 50: The dose amount of poisonous or toxic substance or dose of ionizing radiation required to kill 50% of the tested population.Fibrinogen: Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.Sequence Homology, Amino Acid: The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.Platelet Aggregation: The attachment of PLATELETS to one another. This clumping together can be induced by a number of agents (e.g., THROMBIN; COLLAGEN) and is part of the mechanism leading to the formation of a THROMBUS.Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors: Drugs or agents which antagonize or impair any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.Hydrolysis: The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.Peptides: Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.Cloning, Molecular: The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel: Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Costa RicaFoot Deformities: Alterations or deviations from normal shape or size which result in a disfigurement of the foot.North CarolinaProtein C: A vitamin-K dependent zymogen present in the blood, which, upon activation by thrombin and thrombomodulin exerts anticoagulant properties by inactivating factors Va and VIIIa at the rate-limiting steps of thrombin formation.Photography: Method of making images on a sensitized surface by exposure to light or other radiant energy.Trimeresurus: A genus of snakes of the family VIPERIDAE. About 30 species are currently recognized, found in southeast Asia and adjacent island chains. The Okinawa habu frequently enters dwellings in search of rats and mice; the Chinese habu is often found in suburban and agricultural areas. They are quite irritable. (Moore: Poisonous Snakes of the World, 1980, p136)Zoology: The study of animals - their morphology, growth, distribution, classification, and behavior.FloridaMexicoReptiles: Cold-blooded, air-breathing VERTEBRATES belonging to the class Reptilia, usually covered with external scales or bony plates.BaltimoreColubridae: The largest family of snakes, comprising five subfamilies: Colubrinae, Natricinae, Homalopsinae, Lycodontinae, and Xenodontinae. They show a great diversity of eating habits, some eating almost anything, others having a specialized diet. They can be oviparous, ovoviviparous, or viviparous. The majority of North American snakes are colubrines. Among the colubrids are king snakes, water moccasins, water snakes, and garter snakes. Some genera are poisonous. (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, pp321-29)Boidae: A family of snakes comprising the boas, anacondas, and pythons. They occupy a variety of habitats through the tropics and subtropics and are arboreal, aquatic or fossorial (burrowing). Some are oviparous, others ovoviviparous. Contrary to popular opinion, they do not crush the bones of their victims: their coils exert enough pressure to stop a prey's breathing, thus suffocating it. There are five subfamilies: Boinae, Bolyerinae, Erycinae, Pythoninae, and Tropidophiinae. (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, p315-320)Scarlet Fever: Infection with group A streptococci that is characterized by tonsillitis and pharyngitis. An erythematous rash is commonly present.Indigo Carmine: Indolesulfonic acid used as a dye in renal function testing for the detection of nitrates and chlorates, and in the testing of milk.Siberia: A region, north-central Asia, largely in Russia. It extends from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Ocean and from the Arctic Ocean to central Kazakhstan and the borders of China and Mongolia.RussiaFar East: A geographic area of east and southeast Asia encompassing CHINA; HONG KONG; JAPAN; KOREA; MACAO; MONGOLIA; and TAIWAN.Bass: Common name for FISHES belonging to the order Perciformes and occurring in three different families.Russell's Viper: A genus of snakes of the family VIPERIDAE. It is distributed in West Pakistan, most of India, Burma, Ceylon, Thailand, southeast China, Taiwan, and a few islands of Indonesia. It hisses loudly when disturbed and strikes with great force and speed. Very prolific, it gives birth to 20-60 young. This viper is the leading cause of snakebite in India and Burma. (Moore: Poisonous Snakes of the World, 1980, p127)
Cloning, expression and biochemical characterization of a basic-acidic hybrid phospholipase A2-II from Agkistrodon halys pallas. (1/68)
A cDNA encoding a basic-acidic hybrid phospholipase A2-II from Agkistrodon halys Pallas with an N-terminus highly homologous to that of BPLA2 and a C-terminus sequence almost the same as that of APLA2 was inserted into a bacterial expression vector and effectively expressed in Escherichia coli RR1. The protein was produced as insoluble inclusion bodies. After partial purification by washing, the inclusion bodies with Triton X-100, denaturing and refolding, the renatured recombinant protein was purified by FPLC column superose 12. The purified recombinant enzyme with an isoelectric point of pH 6.8 could cross-react with antiserum prepared against acidic phospholipase A2. The enzymatic activity of the expressed basic-acidic hybrid phospholipase A2-II is close to that of denatured-refolded native basic phospholipase A2, and has the same inhibiting effect on platelet aggregation as denatured-refolded acidic phospholipase A2, but lacks the hemolytic activity of denatured-refolded basic phospholipase A2. To study the structural relationships among basic phospholipase A2, acidic phospholipase A2 and basic-acidic hybrid phospholipase A2-II, molecular modeling of basic-acidic hybrid phospholipase A2-II was done. The roles of various amino acid residues in the enzymatic activity and pharmacological activities of phospholipase A2 are discussed. (+info)cDNA cloning and bacterial expression of phospholipase A(2) inhibitor PLIalpha from the serum of the Chinese mamushi, Agkistrodon blomhoffii siniticus(1). (2/68)
The cDNA encoding of a phospholipase A(2) inhibitor (PLIalpha) of the Chinese mamushi, Agkistrodon blomhoffii siniticus, was identified from a liver cDNA library by use of a probe prepared by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the basis of the amino acid sequence of PLIalpha. It encoded a polypeptide of 166 amino acid residues, including 19 residues of the signal sequence and 147 residues of the complete mature sequence of PLIalpha. The PLIalpha cDNA was subcloned into the expression vector pET-16b and used to transform Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)pLysS. The recombinant PLIalpha expressed as a fusion protein was solubilized and purified to homogeneity by use of a metal affinity resin. The purified PLIalpha fusion protein underwent folding to form a trimeric structure like the intact PLIalpha, and showed inhibitory activity against the group II acidic PLA(2) from A. blomhoffii siniticus venom; although its binding constant (1/K(i)) value was 30-fold lower than that of the natural PLIalpha. The elimination of the N-terminal additional peptide from the fusion protein resulted in a marked increase in the inhibition activity with a binding constant comparable to that of the natural PLIalpha against the acidic PLA(2). Furthermore, the carbohydrate chains of the natural PLIalpha were found to play an important role in the inhibitory activity against the basic PLA(2). (+info)Purification, cloning and sequence analyses for pro-metalloprotease-disintegrin variants from Deinagkistrodon acutus venom and subclassification of the small venom metalloproteases. (3/68)
Acidic and basic hemorrhagic metalloproteases were purified from the venom of Deinagkistrodon acutus (from Fujian Province, China) using gel filtration and anion exchange on FPLC and reversed-phase HPLC. Their hemorrhagic activities and N-terminal sequences were characterized. Extensive screening of the venom gland cDNA after PCR amplification resulted in the identification and sequencing of a total of seven cDNA clones encoding the multidomain precursors of six acidic and one alkaline low molecular mass metalloproteases. Two of the precursors contain a processable disintegrin domain. Disintegrins of 5 kDa were also purified from the venom. The partial amino-acid sequences and molecular masses determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the purified proteins specifically match those deduced from two of the cDNA sequences. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses based on 30 complete sequences of low molecular mass venom metalloproteases revealed that they may be classified into three functional subtypes: acidic hemorrhagins, basic and moderate hemorrhagins, and nonhemorrhagic enzymes. Subtype-specific amino-acid substitutions in the C-terminal regions of the enzymes were highlighted to explore the structure-activity relationships of the enzymes. (+info)Characterization and cDNA cloning of a platelet aggregation inhibitor. (4/68)
A novel platelet aggregation inhibitor, sal-C, was purified to homogeneity from the venom of Korean snake (Agkistrodon halys brevicaudus). Several lines of experimental evidence clearly indicated that sal-C inhibits not only the collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but also the aggregation mediated by the cell surface glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (GP IIb-IIIa). We have isolated the cDNA encoding sal-C from the cDNA library of the snake venom gland and analyzed its complete nucleotide sequence. Sal-C is a single-chain polypeptide composed of 212 amino acids including 24 cysteines. The deduced polypeptide sequence of sal-C demonstrated considerable homology to previously described protein species of the collagen-induced platelet aggregation inhibitor family. Sal-C does not have the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif, but contains the Ser-Glu-Cys-Asp sequence. Interestingly, sal-C was found to inhibit GP IIb-IIIa binding to immobilized fibrinogen which is antagonized by the typical RGD motif of disintegrins. (+info)Ultrastructure of the capillary pericytes and the expression of smooth muscle alpha-actin and desmin in the snake infrared sensory organs. (5/68)
The infrared sensory membranes of pit organs of pit vipers have an extremely rich capillary vasculature that forms many vascular loops, each serving a small number of infrared nerve terminals. We clarified the ultrastructure of capillary pericytes in the pit membranes by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and examined the immunoreactivity in their cytoplasm to two contractile proteins: smooth muscle alpha-actin (SM alpha-actin) and desmin. The capillary pericytes had two major cytoplasmic processes: thickened primary processes that radiate to embrace the endothelial tube and flattened secondary processes that are distributed widely on the endothelium. Coexpression of SM alpha-actin and desmin was observed in the pericytes of entire capillary segments, and SM alpha-actin was characterized by prominent filament bundles directed mainly at right angles to the capillary long axis. This expression pattern was different from that of capillary pericytes of the scales, where SM alpha-actin was expressed diffusely in the cytoplasm. In a series of electron microscopic sections, we often observed the pericyte processes depressing the endothelial wall. We also observed a close relationship of the pericytes with inter-endothelial cell junctions, and pericyte processes connected with the endothelial cells via gap junctions. From these findings, we surmised that capillary pericytes in the pit membrane have a close functional relationship with the endothelium, and through their contractile and relaxing activity regulate capillary bloodflow to stabilize production of infrared nerve impulses. (+info)Toward understanding interfacial activation of secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2): membrane surface properties and membrane-induced structural changes in the enzyme contribute synergistically to PLA2 activation. (6/68)
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) hydrolyzes phospholipids to free fatty acids and lysolipids and thus initiates the biosynthesis of eicosanoids and platelet-activating factor, potent mediators of inflammation, allergy, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. The relative contributions of the physical properties of membranes and the structural changes in PLA2 to the interfacial activation of PLA2, that is, a strong increase in the lipolytic activity upon binding to the surface of phospholipid membranes or micelles, are not well understood. The present results demonstrate that both binding of PLA2 to phospholipid bilayers and its activity are facilitated by membrane surface electrostatics. Higher PLA2 activity toward negatively charged membranes is shown to result from stronger membrane-enzyme electrostatic interactions rather than selective hydrolysis of the acidic lipid. Phospholipid hydrolysis by PLA2 is followed by preferential removal of the liberated lysolipid and accumulation of the fatty acid in the membrane that may predominantly modulate PLA2 activity by affecting membrane electrostatics and/or morphology. The previously described induction of a flexible helical structure in PLA2 during interfacial activation was more pronounced at higher negative charge densities of membranes. These findings identify a reciprocal relationship between the membrane surface properties, strength of membrane binding of PLA2, membrane-induced structural changes in PLA2, and the enzyme activation. (+info)Serine protease isoforms of Deinagkistrodon acutus venom: cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. (7/68)
The major coagulating fibrinogenase of Deinagkistrdon acutus venom, designated acutobin, was purified by anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and reverse-phase HPLC. Approximately 80% of its protein sequence was determined by sequencing the various fragments derived from CNBr cleavage and digestion with endoprotease. Extensive screening of the venom gland cDNA species after amplification by PCR resulted in the isolation of four distinct cDNA clones encoding acutobin and three other serine proteases, designated Dav-PA, Dav-KN and Dav-X. The complete amino acid sequences of these enzymes were deduced from the cDNA sequences. The amino-acid sequence of acutobin contains a single chain of 236 residues including four potential N-glycosylation sites. The purified acutobin (40 kDa) contains approx. 30% carbohydrate by weight, which could be partly removed by N-glycanase. The phylogenetic tree of the complete amino acid sequences of 40 serine proteases from 18 species of Crotalinae shows functional clusters reflecting parallel evolution of the three major venom enzyme subtypes: coagulating enzymes, kininogenases and plasminogen activators. The possible structural elements responsible for the functional specificity of each subtype are discussed. (+info)Aggretin, a heterodimeric C-type lectin from Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper), stimulates platelets by binding to alpha2beta1 integrin and glycoprotein Ib, activating Syk and phospholipase Cgamma 2, but does not involve the glycoprotein VI/Fc receptor gamma chain collagen receptor. (8/68)
Aggretin, a potent platelet activator, was isolated from Calloselasma rhodostoma venom, and 30-amino acid N-terminal sequences of both subunits were determined. Aggretin belongs to the heterodimeric snake C-type lectin family and is thought to activate platelets by binding to platelet glycoprotein alpha(2)beta(1). We now show that binding to glycoprotein (GP) Ib is also required. Aggretin-induced platelet activation was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to GPIb as well as by antibodies to alpha(2)beta(1). Binding of both of these platelet receptors to aggretin was confirmed by affinity chromatography. No binding of other major platelet membrane glycoproteins, in particular GPVI, to aggretin was detected. Aggretin also activates platelets from Fc receptor gamma chain (Fcgamma)-deficient mice to a greater extent than those from normal control mice, showing that it does not use the GPVI/Fcgamma pathway. Platelets from Fcgamma-deficient mice expressed fibrinogen receptors normally in response to collagen, although they did not aggregate, indicating that these platelets may partly compensate via other receptors including alpha(2)beta(1) or GPIb for the lack of the Fcgamma pathway. Signaling by aggretin involves a dose-dependent lag phase followed by rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of proteins. Among these are p72(SYK), p125(FAK), and PLCgamma2, whereas, in comparison with collagen and convulxin, the Fcgamma subunit neither is phosphorylated nor coprecipitates with p72(SYK). This supports an independent, GPIb- and integrin-based pathway for activation of p72(SYK) not involving the Fcgamma receptor. (+info)Agkistrodon tsushimaensis, new species). Gloydius at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 12 December 2007. Taxonomy ... However, by 1999 cladistic studies clearly showed that Agkistrodon did not form a clade (indeed, it was not even paraphyletic) ... ISBN 3-937975-00-4. Gloyd HK, Conant R (1990). Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study ... Named after American herpetologist Howard K. Gloyd, this genus is very similar to the North American genus Agkistrodon. Nine ...
Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp. 52 plates. ... Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex. A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Contributions to ...
This species is similar to the cottonmouths and copperheads (Agkistrodon sp.) of the Americas, and it was long considered part ... Gloyd HK, Conant R (1990). Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and ... ISBN 0-916984-20-6. (Agkistrodon blomhoffi complex, pp. 273-309). Boie H (1826). "Merkmale eineger japanischer Lurche ". Isis ... Agkistrodon halys) bite". Medical J Kagoshima Univ 30: 129-135. (in Japanese). Takeshita, T; Yamada, K; Hanada, M; Oda-Ueda, N ...
Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster); the Sonoran sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes cercobombus); the Arizona black rattlesnake ( ...
ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume). Gloyd HK, Conant R (1990). Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A ...
Volume 1: Heloderma, Micruroides, Micrurus, Pelamis, Agkistrodon, Sistrurus. Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore. xviii ...
Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp. 52 plates. ...
Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp. 52 plates. ... "Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus, new subspecies", pp. 463-464.) Gloydius brevicaudus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. ...
Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp. 52 plates. ... A new Agkistrodon from Shedao (Snake Island), Liaoning. [in Chinese with English summary] Acta Herpetologica Sinica 1 (1): 4-6 ... Agkistrodon shedaoensis) Gloydius shedaoensis at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 9 August 2008. A review on the ...
140-148 (as Agkistrodon brevicaudus). Baek & Sim (1999), pp. 152-153 (as Agkistrodon saxatilis). Baek & Sim (1999), pp. 149-151 ... as Agkistrodon ussuriensis). Species Restoration Center (2005), #25. Species Restoration Center (2005), #26. Baek & Sim (1999 ...
Agkistrodon contortrix) are also present in the park. There are no threatened or endangered species in the park. Approximately ...
Agkistrodon piscivorus; and others), alligators, and carnivorans (raccoons, Procyon lotor; red foxes, Vulpes vulpes; minks, ...
Nolan, C.; Hall, L.S.; Barlow, G.H. (1976). "Ancrod, the coagulating enzyme from Malayan pit viper (Agkistrodon rhodostoma) ...
Osage copperheads, Agkistrodon contortrix phaeogaster, are regularly seen in the park. The center showcases a variety of ...
They are not closely related to the American copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix. The three species of Australian copperheads, i ...
One of many local names for the pit viper Agkistrodon piscivorus. ...
It is not closely related to the American Copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix. It is endemic to Australia and restricted to ...
"Changes in Ca2+ affinity upon activation of Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus phospholipase A2". Biochemistry. 40 (11): 3264- ...
The Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen) and Timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) are venomous. In the state of the ...
Lathrop B, Gadd M, Biltonen R, Rule G (2001). "Changes in Ca2+ affinity upon activation of Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus ...
... previously Agkistrodon browni). Xipe Totec Papeles de Nueva España: Geografía y estadística, 1580-1582 Volumes 5-6 By Francisco ...
Agkistrodon contortrix (copperhead) and Agkistrodon piscivorus (cotton mouth) can reproduce by facultative parthenogenesis. ...
Agkistrodon contortrix) and cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus) Coral snakes (Micrurus, Leptomicrurus, and Micruroides spp.) ...
In addition, it has enlarged head scales, somewhat akin to those of Agkistrodon species. Based on these characters, and its ...
... may refer to: Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen, a.k.a. the northern copperhead; a venomous viper found in the ...
A new glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) antagonist, agkicetin, was purified from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus and characterized. It is ... N2 - A new glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) antagonist, agkicetin, was purified from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus and characterized. ... AB - A new glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) antagonist, agkicetin, was purified from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus and characterized. ... Functional and sequence characterization of agkicetin, a new glycoprotein IB antagonist isolated from agkistrodon acutus venom. ...
The largest species of Agkistrodon, Agkistrodon piscivorus, relies on venom to quickly catch prey. In a study conducted at the ... Agkistrodon is a genus of venomous pit vipers found in North America from the United States south to northern Costa Rica. Three ... Although Agkistrodon venom is lethal to both prey and humans in vivo, when controlled, research shows that the venom has some ... "Fibrinolysin of Agkistrodon acutus Venom and its Usage." [2] Qinghua L, Xiaowei Z, Wei Y, et al. (March 2006). "A catalog for ...
Agkistrodon contortrix is a species of venomous snake endemic to Eastern North America, a member of the subfamily Crotalinae ( ... Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp., 52 plates. ... Agkistrodon mokasen, pp. 136-139 + Plate 27, Figures 79-81). Gloyd HK. 1934. Studies on the Breeding Habits and Young of the ... Agkistrodon contortrix, pp. 110-114, 181). Schmidt KP, Davis DD. 1941. Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. ...
Agkistrodon contortrix. click on image to enlarge. © Copyright Todd Pierson 2010 Email full-size image and text title. ... IM/I_TPN/0036/320/Agkistrodon_contortrix,I_TPN3675.jpg. width=320 x height=213 pixels; size=102871 bytes Discover Life , Top ... identification and distribution of Agkistrodon contortrix image ...
"A novel venombin B from Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix: evidence for recognition properties in the surface around the ... "A novel venombin B from Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix: evidence for recognition properties in the surface around the ... "A novel venombin B from Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix: evidence for recognition properties in the surface around the ... "A novel venombin B from Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix: evidence for recognition properties in the surface around the ...
Hemostatic effect of hemocoagulase agkistrodon and its mechanism]. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android ... AgkistrodonAnimalsBatroxobinBleeding TimeBlood CoagulationCrotalid VenomsFibrinogenHemostaticsMiceRabbitsRandom Allocation ... Hemostatic Effect of Hemocoagulase Agkistrodon and Its Mechanism]." Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi, vol. 16, no. 4, 2008, ... Hemostatic Effect of Hemocoagulase Agkistrodon and Its Mechanism]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi. 2008;16(4):883-5. PubMed ...
sp,Q7ZTA0,CRVP_AGKPI Cysteine-rich venom protein piscivorin OS=Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus OX=8716 PE=1 SV=1 ... Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus (Eastern cottonmouth). ,p>This subsection of the ,a href="http://www.uniprot.org/help/names_ ...
Biochemical and immunochemical characterization of venoms from snakes of the genus Agkistrodon. Download Prime PubMed App to ... Biochemical and immunochemical characterization of venoms from snakes of the genus Agkistrodon.. Toxicon X. 2019 Oct; 4:100013. ... In the present work, venoms from five species of the genus Agkistrodon were evaluated in terms of their enzymatic ( ... "Biochemical and Immunochemical Characterization of Venoms From Snakes of the Genus Agkistrodon." Toxicon: X, vol. 4, 2019, p. ...
Structure of basic phospholipase A2 from Agkistrodon halys Pallas: implications for its association, hemolytic and ... BASIC PHOSPHOLIPASE A2 FROM AGKISTRODON HALYS PALLAS-IMPLICATIONS FOR ITS ASSOCIATION AND ANTICOAGULANT ACTIVITIES BY X-RAY ...
As Agkistrodon saxatilis and Agkistrodon usuriensis inhabit relatively high altitudes, the incidence of bites by these two ... Agkistrodon halys and Jiangzhe A. halys antivenom intravenously injected against 115.4 µg A. halys venom [4 x LD50] showed ... Three members of the Agkistrodon genus: A. brevicaudus, A. saxatilis, and A. caliginosus, have been vastly investigated (4). ... The Korean snakes of the genus Agkistrodon (Crotalidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 1972, 85, 557-78. [ Links ]. 5 GRASSET E. ...
... Photos, Trans-Pecos Copperhead Snake Pictures and Photographs by Professional Natural ... Species: Trans-Pecos copperhead snake, Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster. Related Topics:. *Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster ... Trans-Pecos Copperhead Snake Photos, Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster. Photos of Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster, Trans- ... Species: Trans-Pecos copperhead snake, Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster. Trans-Pecos copperhead snake. The Trans-Pecos ...
Hemocoagulase Agkistrodon Halys Pallas, a well-established hemostatic agent used in China, has widespread applications in ... Wei JM, Zhu MW, Zhang ZT, Jia ZG, Xiao-Dong HE, Wan YL et al (2007) The effects of hemocoagulase agkistrodon on its hemostatic ... Wei JM, Zhu MW, Zhang ZT, Jia ZG, He XD, Wan YL et al (2010) A multicenter, phase III trial of hemocoagulase Agkistrodon: ... Hemocoagulase Agkistrodon Halys Pallas, a well-established hemostatic agent used in China, has widespread applications in ...
Figure 2. The green pit viper antivenom (left) from the Thai Red Cross Society in Thailand and the Agkistrodon halys antivenom ... Agkistrodon halys bite treated with specific antivenin. Observation of 530 cases. Chin Med J (Engl) 1976;2:59-62. ... Table 1. The effects of green pit viper antivenom (GPVA) and Agkistrodon halys antivenom (AHA) on fibrinogen and clotting time ... Conclusions: Green pit viper antivenom was superior to Agkistrodon halys antivenom in neutralisation of the thrombin-like and ...
Agkistrodon, Animals, Humans, Incidence, Retrospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Snake Bites, Survival Rate, United ... Epidemiology of the reported severity of copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) snakebite.. Title. Epidemiology of the reported ... Agkistrodon contortrix) snakebites published in the annual reports of the American Association of Poison Control Centers in the ...
Mueller, A. and C.M. Gienger, Comparative thermal ecology of copperheads (Agkistrodon contortrix) and cottonmouths (Agkistrodon ... Sang, J.F., et al., [Effect of Agkistrodon Acutus Venom PCA on HUVEC Activity]. Zhongguo Shi Yan Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi, 2017. 25(2 ... Bao, J., et al., Effects of agkistrodon in different dosage forms on collagen-induced arthritis in rats. Chin J Integr Med, ... Xu, Y.Y., X.H. Ma, and S.J. Zhang, Hemocoagulase agkistrodon-induced anaphylactic shock: A case report and literature review. ...
Agkistrodon piscivorus): SPECIES ACCOUNTSTIMBER RATTLESNAKE (Crotalus horridus): SPECIES ACCOUNTSBLACK-HEADED BUSHMASTER ( ... COTTONMOUTH (Agkistrodon piscivorus): SPECIES ACCOUNTS. Physical characteristics: The cottonmouth gets its common name from the ... COTTONMOUTH (Agkistrodon piscivorus): SPECIES ACCOUNTS. TIMBER RATTLESNAKE (Crotalus horridus): SPECIES ACCOUNTS. BLACK-HEADED ... "Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review." Contributions to Herpetology, Vol. 6. Oxford, OH: Society for the ...
Agkistrodon conanti, the Florida cottonmouth; Lowndes county, Georgia (22 April 2012). Learn more about this species at ... Category: Agkistrodon conanti, Georgia, North Peninsula and South Georgia, Reptiles, SnakesTags: Agkistrodon conanti ... Agkistrodon conanti. ◦ Florida cottonmouth. Cemophora coccinea. ◦ Florida scarlet snake. Coluber constrictor. ◦ Black racer. ... Agkistrodon conanti, 22 April 2012. Posted on Tue 8 October 2019 by Janson Jones ...
Agkistrodon conanti, the Florida cottonmouth; Volusia county, Florida (07 May 2020). A final shot of a most-beautiful Florida ... Agkistrodon conanti, the Florida cottonmouth;. Volusia county, Florida (07 May 2020).. A final shot of a most-beautiful Florida ... Category: Agkistrodon conanti, East-Central Florida, Florida, Photography, Reptiles, Snakes, The Ormond Beach CircuitTags: ... Agkistrodon conanti. ◦ Florida cottonmouth. Cemophora coccinea. ◦ Florida scarlet snake. Coluber constrictor. ◦ Black racer. ...
Osage Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix phaeogaster). Osage Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix phaeogaster) The black snake in ...
Eastern Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix). Description. Habitats. Habits and Life History. Prey and Hunting Techniques ...
Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix Thrombin-like enzyme contortrixobin datasheet and description hight quality product and ... Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix Thrombin-like contortrixobin. Short name: Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix Thrombin-like ... Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 (MT-ND4). 1000ug. 1647 €. MBS Recombinant Proteins. ... Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 4 (MT-ND4). 1000ug. 2155 €. MBS Recombinant Proteins. ...
NAD Nucleosidase of Agkistrodon Bilineatus Venom E. M. Brunson, B. D. Johnson and D. H. Sifford ... NAD nucleosidase (NAD glycohydrolase, EC 3.2.2.5) activity in Agkistrodon bilineatus venom was observed. Using the cyanide ...
Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, Oxford, Ohio. 614 pp ... Agkistrodon piscivorus is a generalist predator that feeds on a variety of prey, including snakes (Gloyd and Conant 1990. ... Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti (Florida cottonmouth) diet. Herpetological Review 47: 307.. More Information: https://pubs.er. ...
Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) Cottonmouth (Water moccasin) (Agkistrodon piscivorus) Eastern diamondback rattlesnake ( ...
Agkistrodon piscivorus. Agkistrodon piscivorus is a venomous snake, a species of pit viper, found in the southeastern United ... This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Agkistrodon_piscivorus ...
- A new glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) antagonist, agkicetin, was purified from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus and characterized. (ncku.edu.tw)
- Chen, YL & Tsai, IH 1995, ' Functional and sequence characterization of agkicetin, a new glycoprotein IB antagonist isolated from agkistrodon acutus venom ', Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , vol. 210, no. 2, pp. 472-477. (ncku.edu.tw)
- Additionally, we determined the antivenoms neutralizing activity against lethal doses (LD 50 ) of Agkistrodon halys (from Japan) and Jiangzhe Agkistrodon halys (from China) venoms. (scielo.br)
- Hemocoagulase Agkistrodon Halys Pallas, a well-established hemostatic agent used in China, has widespread applications in various conditions of bleeding and hemorrhages. (springer.com)
- the green pit viper antivenom from the Thai Red Cross Society in Thailand and the Agkistrodon halys antivenom from the Shanghai Institute of Biological Products in China. (hkmj.org)
- The Trimeresurus albolabris venom was added to human plasma and the mixture was assayed after incubation with each antivenom (green pit viper and Agkistrodon halys ) using saline as a control. (hkmj.org)
- The mean fibrinogen level was elevated from 0 g/L to 2.86 g/L and 1.11 g/L after the addition of green pit viper antivenom and Agkistrodon halys antivenom, respectively. (hkmj.org)
- When mean clotting time was measured, the value was 6.70 minutes in the control, prolonged to more than 360 minutes by green pit viper antivenom and to 19.06 minutes by Agkistrodon halys antivenom. (hkmj.org)
- Green pit viper antivenom was superior to Agkistrodon halys antivenom in neutralisation of the thrombin-like and hypofibrinogenaemic activities of Trimeresurus albolabris venom. (hkmj.org)
- In human plasma, both green pit viper antivenom (GPVA) and Agkistrodon halys antivenom (AHA) can antagonise the haemotoxicity in terms of fibrinogen and clotting time derangement induced by Trimeresurus albolabris venom. (hkmj.org)
- Preparation and Characterization of Agkistrodon Halys Venom Entrapped Chitosan Nanoparticles: Novel and Advanced Antigen Delivery and Adjuvant System', Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences , 23(5), pp. 618-630. (ac.ir)
- Due to the problems of traditional adjuvants, in this study Agkistrodon halys (Ah) Snake venom was loaded in chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) in order to be used as an advanced adjuvant and antigen delivery system in antidote production industry. (ac.ir)
- Optimum concentration achieved were chitosan 2mg/ml and cross-linker 1mg/ml and Agkistrodon Halys snake venum 500 mg/ml. (ac.ir)
- The type specimens, type territories and diagnoses of species of Agkistrodon halys - A. intermedius complexes are given. (folium.ru)
- Some varieties are known as "moccasins" or "moccasin snakes", such as Agkistrodon piscivorus, the water moccasin. (wikipedia.org)
- Agkistrodon piscivorus is a generalist predator that feeds on a variety of prey, including snakes (Gloyd and Conant 1990. (usgs.gov)
- Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. (usgs.gov)
- All four snakes are a subspecies called Florida cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus conanti). (philadelphiazoo.org)
- The Agkistrodon complex is by far my favorite group of snakes to work with. (venomousreptiles.org)
- The aim of this work was to study the effect of recombinant ACL myotoxin, a Lys49PLA2 from Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus snake venom and Lys49PLA2-derived synthetic peptides corresponding to the region 115-129 of venom of the two different Agkistrodon species on water permeability in the toad urinary bladder. (ucr.ac.cr)
- The properties and agglutination activity of acutolysin C, a hemorrhagic metalloproteinase obtained from Agkistrodon acutus venom , were studied herein. (bvsalud.org)
- Chen R.-H. and Chen Y.-C. (1989), Isolation of an acidic phospholipase A2 from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus (Five Pace snake) and its effect on platelet aggregation», Toxicon , 27 (6), 675 - 682. (folium.ru)
- A new glycoprotein Ib (GPIb) antagonist, agkicetin, was purified from the venom of Agkistrodon acutus and characterized. (ncku.edu.tw)
- Chen, YL & Tsai, IH 1995, ' Functional and sequence characterization of agkicetin, a new glycoprotein IB antagonist isolated from agkistrodon acutus venom ', Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications , vol. 210, no. 2, pp. 472-477. (ncku.edu.tw)
- Deinagkistrodon acutus , another Agkistrodon relative, is also an egg-layer. (venomousreptiles.org)
- Photo cd: Korean magpie viper / Agkistrodon saxatilis, Ussuriland, Southern Far East of Russia Author: Vladimir Medvedev Date: 2006-11-20 Maximum av. (tradebit.com)
- This study was aimed to investigate the hemostatic effects of hemocoagulase agkistrodon (HCA) and its mechanism. (unboundmedicine.com)
- TY - JOUR T1 - [Hemostatic effect of hemocoagulase agkistrodon and its mechanism]. (unboundmedicine.com)
- Hui-Min L, Chang-Ling LI, Dong JC, Zhang CL (2008) Hemostatic effect of hemocoagulase agkistrodon and its mechanism. (springer.com)
- Wei JM, Zhu MW, Zhang ZT, Jia ZG, Xiao-Dong HE, Wan YL et al (2007) The effects of hemocoagulase agkistrodon on its hemostatic and hemoagglutinant function, on abdominal incision and safety in surgical patients, a multicenter clinical study. (springer.com)
- Lu HM, Li CL, Dong JC, Zhang CL, Zhou XY (2008) Hemostatic effect of hemocoagulase agkistrodon and its mechanism. (springer.com)
- a North American poisonous snake, Agkistrodon contortrix, of the viper family Viperidae (or, in some classifications, the pit viper family Crotalidae). (britannica.com)
- Among the various dosage formulations of agkistrodon, high-dose powder, which was equivalent to an amount of 6 g/day in adults, showed better effects on the inhibition of joint swelling and reduction of arthritis index score. (bvsalud.org)
- These data highlight the potential function of high-dose agkistrodon powder, which was equivalent to an amount of 6 g/day in adults. (bvsalud.org)
- moccasin: …the viper family (Viperidae): the water moccasin (Agkistrodon piscivorus) or the Mexican moccasin (A. bilineatus). (britannica.com)
- The name Agkistrodon comes from the Greek words agkistron (ἄγκιστρον, 'fishhook', with the irregular transliteration gk rather than the usual nk) and odous (ὁδοὐς, 'tooth,' from the stem ὁδόντ-) and is likely a reference to the fangs. (wikipedia.org)
- 2009. Adrenocortical effects of human encounters on free-ranging cottonmouths ( Agkistrodon piscivorus ). (mtsu.edu)
- The behavior of Agkistrodon contortrix may lead to accidental encounters with humans. (wikipedia.org)
- While the use of large dose agkistrodon wine led to negative effects. (bvsalud.org)