Venoms from snakes of the subfamily Crotalinae or pit vipers, found mostly in the Americas. They include the rattlesnake, cottonmouth, fer-de-lance, bushmaster, and American copperhead. Their venoms contain nontoxic proteins, cardio-, hemo-, cyto-, and neurotoxins, and many enzymes, especially phospholipases A. Many of the toxins have been characterized.
An enzyme fraction from the venom of the Malayan pit viper, Agkistrodon rhodostoma. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of a number of amino acid esters and a limited proteolysis of fibrinogen. It is used clinically to produce controlled defibrination in patients requiring anticoagulant therapy. EC 3.4.21.-.
Limbless REPTILES of the suborder Serpentes.
A proteolytic enzyme obtained from the venom of fer-de-lance (Bothrops atrox). It is used as a plasma clotting agent for fibrinogen and for the detection of fibrinogen degradation products. The presence of heparin does not interfere with the clotting test. Hemocoagulase is a mixture containing batroxobin and factor X activator. EC 3.4.21.-.
Venoms from SNAKES of the viperid family. They tend to be less toxic than elapid or hydrophid venoms and act mainly on the vascular system, interfering with coagulation and capillary membrane integrity and are highly cytotoxic. They contain large amounts of several enzymes, other factors, and some toxins.
Solutions or mixtures of toxic and nontoxic substances elaborated by snake (Ophidia) salivary glands for the purpose of killing prey or disabling predators and delivered by grooved or hollow fangs. They usually contain enzymes, toxins, and other factors.
Phospholipases that hydrolyze the acyl group attached to the 2-position of PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES.
Phospholipases that hydrolyze one of the acyl groups of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates.
A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of phosphoglycerides or glycerophosphatidates. EC 3.1.-.
A family of polypeptides purified from snake venoms, which contain the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) sequence. The RGD tripeptide binds to integrin receptors and thus competitively inhibits normal integrin-ligand interactions. Disintegrins thus block adhesive functions and act as platelet aggregation inhibitors.
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of L-amino acids to KETO ACIDS with the generation of AMMONIA and HYDROGEN PEROXIDE. L-amino acid oxidase is widely distributed in and is thought to contribute to the toxicity of SNAKE VENOMS.
A genus of parasitic nematodes that occurs in mammals including man. Infection in humans is either by larvae penetrating the skin or by ingestion of uncooked fish.
A genus of venomous snakes of the subfamily Crotalinae. Twelve species of this genus are found in North and Central America and Asia. Agkistrodon contortrix is the copperhead, A. piscivorus, the cottonmouth. The former is named for its russet or orange-brown color, the latter for the white interior of its mouth. (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, p336; Moore, Poisonous Snakes of the World, 1980, p75)
Antisera used to counteract poisoning by animal VENOMS, especially SNAKE VENOMS.
Proteins obtained from species of REPTILES.
Bites by snakes. Bite by a venomous snake is characterized by stinging pain at the wound puncture. The venom injected at the site of the bite is capable of producing a deleterious effect on the blood or on the nervous system. (Webster's 3d ed; from Dorland, 27th ed, at snake, venomous)
Facilities which provide information concerning poisons and treatment of poisoning in emergencies.
Venoms from snakes of the genus Naja (family Elapidae). They contain many specific proteins that have cytotoxic, hemolytic, neurotoxic, and other properties. Like other elapid venoms, they are rich in enzymes. They include cobramines and cobralysins.
ENDOPEPTIDASES which use a metal such as ZINC in the catalytic mechanism.
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
The dose amount of poisonous or toxic substance or dose of ionizing radiation required to kill 50% of the tested population.
Plasma glycoprotein clotted by thrombin, composed of a dimer of three non-identical pairs of polypeptide chains (alpha, beta, gamma) held together by disulfide bonds. Fibrinogen clotting is a sol-gel change involving complex molecular arrangements: whereas fibrinogen is cleaved by thrombin to form polypeptides A and B, the proteolytic action of other enzymes yields different fibrinogen degradation products.
The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.
The attachment of PLATELETS to one another. This clumping together can be induced by a number of agents (e.g., THROMBIN; COLLAGEN) and is part of the mechanism leading to the formation of a THROMBUS.
Drugs or agents which antagonize or impair any mechanism leading to blood platelet aggregation, whether during the phases of activation and shape change or following the dense-granule release reaction and stimulation of the prostaglandin-thromboxane system.
The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.
Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Cloning, expression and biochemical characterization of a basic-acidic hybrid phospholipase A2-II from Agkistrodon halys pallas. (1/68)

A cDNA encoding a basic-acidic hybrid phospholipase A2-II from Agkistrodon halys Pallas with an N-terminus highly homologous to that of BPLA2 and a C-terminus sequence almost the same as that of APLA2 was inserted into a bacterial expression vector and effectively expressed in Escherichia coli RR1. The protein was produced as insoluble inclusion bodies. After partial purification by washing, the inclusion bodies with Triton X-100, denaturing and refolding, the renatured recombinant protein was purified by FPLC column superose 12. The purified recombinant enzyme with an isoelectric point of pH 6.8 could cross-react with antiserum prepared against acidic phospholipase A2. The enzymatic activity of the expressed basic-acidic hybrid phospholipase A2-II is close to that of denatured-refolded native basic phospholipase A2, and has the same inhibiting effect on platelet aggregation as denatured-refolded acidic phospholipase A2, but lacks the hemolytic activity of denatured-refolded basic phospholipase A2. To study the structural relationships among basic phospholipase A2, acidic phospholipase A2 and basic-acidic hybrid phospholipase A2-II, molecular modeling of basic-acidic hybrid phospholipase A2-II was done. The roles of various amino acid residues in the enzymatic activity and pharmacological activities of phospholipase A2 are discussed.  (+info)

cDNA cloning and bacterial expression of phospholipase A(2) inhibitor PLIalpha from the serum of the Chinese mamushi, Agkistrodon blomhoffii siniticus(1). (2/68)

The cDNA encoding of a phospholipase A(2) inhibitor (PLIalpha) of the Chinese mamushi, Agkistrodon blomhoffii siniticus, was identified from a liver cDNA library by use of a probe prepared by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the basis of the amino acid sequence of PLIalpha. It encoded a polypeptide of 166 amino acid residues, including 19 residues of the signal sequence and 147 residues of the complete mature sequence of PLIalpha. The PLIalpha cDNA was subcloned into the expression vector pET-16b and used to transform Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)pLysS. The recombinant PLIalpha expressed as a fusion protein was solubilized and purified to homogeneity by use of a metal affinity resin. The purified PLIalpha fusion protein underwent folding to form a trimeric structure like the intact PLIalpha, and showed inhibitory activity against the group II acidic PLA(2) from A. blomhoffii siniticus venom; although its binding constant (1/K(i)) value was 30-fold lower than that of the natural PLIalpha. The elimination of the N-terminal additional peptide from the fusion protein resulted in a marked increase in the inhibition activity with a binding constant comparable to that of the natural PLIalpha against the acidic PLA(2). Furthermore, the carbohydrate chains of the natural PLIalpha were found to play an important role in the inhibitory activity against the basic PLA(2).  (+info)

Purification, cloning and sequence analyses for pro-metalloprotease-disintegrin variants from Deinagkistrodon acutus venom and subclassification of the small venom metalloproteases. (3/68)

Acidic and basic hemorrhagic metalloproteases were purified from the venom of Deinagkistrodon acutus (from Fujian Province, China) using gel filtration and anion exchange on FPLC and reversed-phase HPLC. Their hemorrhagic activities and N-terminal sequences were characterized. Extensive screening of the venom gland cDNA after PCR amplification resulted in the identification and sequencing of a total of seven cDNA clones encoding the multidomain precursors of six acidic and one alkaline low molecular mass metalloproteases. Two of the precursors contain a processable disintegrin domain. Disintegrins of 5 kDa were also purified from the venom. The partial amino-acid sequences and molecular masses determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of the purified proteins specifically match those deduced from two of the cDNA sequences. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses based on 30 complete sequences of low molecular mass venom metalloproteases revealed that they may be classified into three functional subtypes: acidic hemorrhagins, basic and moderate hemorrhagins, and nonhemorrhagic enzymes. Subtype-specific amino-acid substitutions in the C-terminal regions of the enzymes were highlighted to explore the structure-activity relationships of the enzymes.  (+info)

Characterization and cDNA cloning of a platelet aggregation inhibitor. (4/68)

A novel platelet aggregation inhibitor, sal-C, was purified to homogeneity from the venom of Korean snake (Agkistrodon halys brevicaudus). Several lines of experimental evidence clearly indicated that sal-C inhibits not only the collagen-induced platelet aggregation, but also the aggregation mediated by the cell surface glycoprotein IIb-IIIa (GP IIb-IIIa). We have isolated the cDNA encoding sal-C from the cDNA library of the snake venom gland and analyzed its complete nucleotide sequence. Sal-C is a single-chain polypeptide composed of 212 amino acids including 24 cysteines. The deduced polypeptide sequence of sal-C demonstrated considerable homology to previously described protein species of the collagen-induced platelet aggregation inhibitor family. Sal-C does not have the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif, but contains the Ser-Glu-Cys-Asp sequence. Interestingly, sal-C was found to inhibit GP IIb-IIIa binding to immobilized fibrinogen which is antagonized by the typical RGD motif of disintegrins.  (+info)

Ultrastructure of the capillary pericytes and the expression of smooth muscle alpha-actin and desmin in the snake infrared sensory organs. (5/68)

The infrared sensory membranes of pit organs of pit vipers have an extremely rich capillary vasculature that forms many vascular loops, each serving a small number of infrared nerve terminals. We clarified the ultrastructure of capillary pericytes in the pit membranes by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and examined the immunoreactivity in their cytoplasm to two contractile proteins: smooth muscle alpha-actin (SM alpha-actin) and desmin. The capillary pericytes had two major cytoplasmic processes: thickened primary processes that radiate to embrace the endothelial tube and flattened secondary processes that are distributed widely on the endothelium. Coexpression of SM alpha-actin and desmin was observed in the pericytes of entire capillary segments, and SM alpha-actin was characterized by prominent filament bundles directed mainly at right angles to the capillary long axis. This expression pattern was different from that of capillary pericytes of the scales, where SM alpha-actin was expressed diffusely in the cytoplasm. In a series of electron microscopic sections, we often observed the pericyte processes depressing the endothelial wall. We also observed a close relationship of the pericytes with inter-endothelial cell junctions, and pericyte processes connected with the endothelial cells via gap junctions. From these findings, we surmised that capillary pericytes in the pit membrane have a close functional relationship with the endothelium, and through their contractile and relaxing activity regulate capillary bloodflow to stabilize production of infrared nerve impulses.  (+info)

Toward understanding interfacial activation of secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2): membrane surface properties and membrane-induced structural changes in the enzyme contribute synergistically to PLA2 activation. (6/68)

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) hydrolyzes phospholipids to free fatty acids and lysolipids and thus initiates the biosynthesis of eicosanoids and platelet-activating factor, potent mediators of inflammation, allergy, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. The relative contributions of the physical properties of membranes and the structural changes in PLA2 to the interfacial activation of PLA2, that is, a strong increase in the lipolytic activity upon binding to the surface of phospholipid membranes or micelles, are not well understood. The present results demonstrate that both binding of PLA2 to phospholipid bilayers and its activity are facilitated by membrane surface electrostatics. Higher PLA2 activity toward negatively charged membranes is shown to result from stronger membrane-enzyme electrostatic interactions rather than selective hydrolysis of the acidic lipid. Phospholipid hydrolysis by PLA2 is followed by preferential removal of the liberated lysolipid and accumulation of the fatty acid in the membrane that may predominantly modulate PLA2 activity by affecting membrane electrostatics and/or morphology. The previously described induction of a flexible helical structure in PLA2 during interfacial activation was more pronounced at higher negative charge densities of membranes. These findings identify a reciprocal relationship between the membrane surface properties, strength of membrane binding of PLA2, membrane-induced structural changes in PLA2, and the enzyme activation.  (+info)

Serine protease isoforms of Deinagkistrodon acutus venom: cloning, sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. (7/68)

The major coagulating fibrinogenase of Deinagkistrdon acutus venom, designated acutobin, was purified by anion-exchange chromatography, gel filtration and reverse-phase HPLC. Approximately 80% of its protein sequence was determined by sequencing the various fragments derived from CNBr cleavage and digestion with endoprotease. Extensive screening of the venom gland cDNA species after amplification by PCR resulted in the isolation of four distinct cDNA clones encoding acutobin and three other serine proteases, designated Dav-PA, Dav-KN and Dav-X. The complete amino acid sequences of these enzymes were deduced from the cDNA sequences. The amino-acid sequence of acutobin contains a single chain of 236 residues including four potential N-glycosylation sites. The purified acutobin (40 kDa) contains approx. 30% carbohydrate by weight, which could be partly removed by N-glycanase. The phylogenetic tree of the complete amino acid sequences of 40 serine proteases from 18 species of Crotalinae shows functional clusters reflecting parallel evolution of the three major venom enzyme subtypes: coagulating enzymes, kininogenases and plasminogen activators. The possible structural elements responsible for the functional specificity of each subtype are discussed.  (+info)

Aggretin, a heterodimeric C-type lectin from Calloselasma rhodostoma (Malayan pit viper), stimulates platelets by binding to alpha2beta1 integrin and glycoprotein Ib, activating Syk and phospholipase Cgamma 2, but does not involve the glycoprotein VI/Fc receptor gamma chain collagen receptor. (8/68)

Aggretin, a potent platelet activator, was isolated from Calloselasma rhodostoma venom, and 30-amino acid N-terminal sequences of both subunits were determined. Aggretin belongs to the heterodimeric snake C-type lectin family and is thought to activate platelets by binding to platelet glycoprotein alpha(2)beta(1). We now show that binding to glycoprotein (GP) Ib is also required. Aggretin-induced platelet activation was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody to GPIb as well as by antibodies to alpha(2)beta(1). Binding of both of these platelet receptors to aggretin was confirmed by affinity chromatography. No binding of other major platelet membrane glycoproteins, in particular GPVI, to aggretin was detected. Aggretin also activates platelets from Fc receptor gamma chain (Fcgamma)-deficient mice to a greater extent than those from normal control mice, showing that it does not use the GPVI/Fcgamma pathway. Platelets from Fcgamma-deficient mice expressed fibrinogen receptors normally in response to collagen, although they did not aggregate, indicating that these platelets may partly compensate via other receptors including alpha(2)beta(1) or GPIb for the lack of the Fcgamma pathway. Signaling by aggretin involves a dose-dependent lag phase followed by rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of proteins. Among these are p72(SYK), p125(FAK), and PLCgamma2, whereas, in comparison with collagen and convulxin, the Fcgamma subunit neither is phosphorylated nor coprecipitates with p72(SYK). This supports an independent, GPIb- and integrin-based pathway for activation of p72(SYK) not involving the Fcgamma receptor.  (+info)

The venom from snake bites contains a variety of toxins that can affect different parts of the body, including the cardiovascular, nervous, and muscular systems. Some common symptoms of snake bites include:

* Pain and swelling at the bite site
* Blurred vision or difficulty seeing
* Slurred speech or difficulty speaking
* Weakness, numbness, or tingling in the face, arms, or legs
* Seizures or convulsions
* Difficulty breathing or swallowing
* Rapid heartbeat or slow heart rate
* Low blood pressure or high blood pressure
* Nausea and vomiting

In severe cases, snake bites can cause respiratory failure, cardiac arrest, and other life-threatening complications.

The diagnosis of a snake bite is typically made based on the symptoms and medical history of the patient. In some cases, imaging tests like X-rays or CT scans may be ordered to confirm the presence of venom in the body.

Treatment for snake bites usually involves administering antivenin (also known as antivenom) to neutralize the venom and manage symptoms. Antivenin is a type of medicine that contains antibodies specifically designed to counteract the effects of snake venom. In severe cases, patients may require hospitalization and intensive care to monitor and treat any complications.

Prevention is key in avoiding snake bites, and this includes avoiding areas where snakes are known to live, wearing protective clothing and footwear when in these areas, and using repellents or other deterrents to discourage snakes from approaching. Education and awareness about snake behavior and safety measures can also help reduce the risk of snake bites.

in German and Latin). Wikimedia Commons has media related to Agkistrodon. Agkistrodon at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. ... Agkistrodon is a genus of venomous pit vipers commonly known as American moccasins. The genus is endemic to North America, ... Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp. 52 plates. ... The name Agkistrodon comes from the Greek words ankistron (ἄγκιστρον, 'fishhook', with the irregular transliteration gk rather ...
A female Agkistrodon taylori Close up view of a female Agkistrodon taylori A male Taylor's cantil (Agkistrodon taylori) ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Agkistrodon bilineatus. Agkistrodon taylori at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. ... Agkistrodon contortrix) are the most basal (ancestral) living lineage of the genus, with the cottonmouths (Agkistrodon ... Agkistrodon taylori) is relatively simple and straight forward compared to many species. Agkistrodon bilineatus, In part: ...
... ) Belly or ventral view of a Broad-banded copperhead (Agkistrodon laticinctus) A juvenile Agkistrodon ... Agkistrodon contortrix at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 7 December 2007. Agkistrodon contortrix at University of ... As juveniles, all species of Agkistrodon have a bright green-yellow color to their tail tips, believed to be used as a lure to ... Agkistrodon laticinctus, commonly known as the broad-banded copperhead, is a venomous pit viper species, formerly considered a ...
Agkistrodon bilineatus (Squamata: Viperidae): a race against time". Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 7 (1): 48-73. (Agkistrodon ... Agkistrodon russeolus, commonly called the Yucatecan cantil, is a venomous pit viper species endemic to the Yucatán Peninsula ... A subspecies of Agkistrodon bilineatus (Serentes: Crotalidae) on the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico. Proceedings of the Biological ... Agkistrodon bilineatus russeolus, new subspecies). Porras, Louis W.; Wilson, Larry David; Schuett, Gordon W.; Reiserer, Randall ...
ISBN 0-398-02808-7. Ditmars RL (1912). "Agkistrodon piscivorus (Conanti)". "Agkistrodon piscivorus (Conanti)". "Agkistrodon ... Agkistrodon piscivorus is the largest species of the genus Agkistrodon. Adults commonly exceed 80 cm (31 in) in total length ( ... Agkistrodon piscivorus is the most aquatic species of the genus Agkistrodon, and is usually associated with bodies of water, ... Agkistrodon piscivorus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 7 December 2007. Agkistrodon piscivorus in the CalPhotos ...
... is a taxonomic synonym that may refer to: Hypnale nepa, a.k.a. Sri Lankan hump-nosed viper, venomous pitviper ...
Mexico.Agkistrodon howardgloydi, Agkistrodon russeolus and Agkistrodon taylori were formerly considered subspecies. Lee, J.; ... Agkistrodon bilineatus at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 7 December 2007. Agkistrodon taylori at the Reptarium.cz ... Agkistrodon bilineatus is a highly venomous pit viper species found in Mexico and Central America as far south as Honduras. ... Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp. 52 plates. ...
Agkistrodon bilineatus, Agkistrodon russeolus, and Agkistrodon howardgloydi) based on morphology, biogeography, and ... Agkistrodon howardgloydi can be distinguish from other members of the genus Agkistrodon by the presence of a loreal scale ( ... than Agkistrodon bilineatus or Agkistrodon taylori.: 93 p. : 416 p. In 1984, while preparing a monograph on the genus ... Agkistrodon howardgloydi was rated 17, a species of high vulnerability.: 63-64 p. Agkistrodon howardgloydi is a rare species ...
... is a taxonomic synonym that may refer to: Ovophis monticola, a.k.a. the mountain pitviper, a venomous ...
... is a taxonomic synonym that may refer to: Gloydius halys, a.k.a. the Siberian pit viper, a venomous pitviper ...
The Osage copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix phaeogaster) was once classified as a subspecies of the copperhead (Agkistrodon ... ISBN 0-395-19979-4 (hc), ISBN 0-395-19977-8 (pb). Wikimedia Commons has media related to Agkistrodon contortrix. Agkistrodon ... Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix), and the northern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen). The three subspecies were ... The venom of Agkistrodon contortrix phaeogaster is similar to the venoms produced by other species of the Agkistrodon genus. ...
The eastern cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus) was once classified as a subspecies of the cottonmouth (Agkistrodon ... Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus) and the western cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus leucostoma) and synonymized the two ... Considering gene flow when using coalescent methods to delimit lineages of North American pitvipers of the genus Agkistrodon. ... ISBN 978-0-544-12997-9 Uetz P, Freed P, Aguilar R, Hošek J (editors) (2021). The Reptile Database, Agkistrodon piscivorus ( ...
The northern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen) was once classified as a subspecies of the copperhead (Agkistrodon ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Agkistrodon contortrix. Agkistrodon contortrix at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. ... Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix) and the Osage copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix phaeogaster). The three subspecies were ... Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp. 52 plates. ...
... is a taxonomic synonym that may refer to: Gloydius saxatilis, a.k.a. the Amur viper, a venomous ...
Agkistrodon contortrix at the Reptarium.cz Reptile Database. Accessed 7 December 2007. Agkistrodon contortrix at University of ... Agkistrodon laticinctus, having priority. The resulting taxonomy does not recognize the Trans-Pecos copperhead (Agkistrodon ... Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster) and the broad-banded copperhead, (Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus). The two subspecies ... As juveniles, all species of Agkistrodon have a bright green-yellow color to their tail tip believed to be used as a lure to ...
... (a taxonomic synonym) may refer to: Gloydius saxatilis, a.k.a. the Amur viper, a venomous ...
The genus agkistrodon, found in Latin America from Mexico to northwestern Costa Rica. Agkistrodon bilineatus, is one of the ... 3 (1): 1-7. "Agkistrodon". Características, Hábitat y Reproducción. (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2020-10-03. Campbell, ...
... while Agkistrodon laticinctus (formerly Agkistrodon contortrix laticinctus) and the fifth subspecies are a single distinct ... Agkistrodon contortrix phaeogaster). Eastern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) Westchester County, New York (May 2002). ... The eastern copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix), also known as the copperhead, is a species of venomous snake, a pit viper, ... Agkistrodon mokasen, pp. 136-139 + Plate 27, Figures 79-81). Gloyd HK (1934). "Studies on the Breeding Habits and Young of the ...
Agkistrodon tsushimaensis, new species). Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gloydius. Gloydius at the Reptarium.cz Reptile ... However, by 1999 cladistic studies clearly showed that Agkistrodon did not form a clade (indeed, it was not even paraphyletic) ... Gloyd HK, Conant R (1990). Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and ... Named after American herpetologist Howard K. Gloyd, this genus is very similar to the North American genus Agkistrodon. 24 ...
Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp. 52 plates. ... Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex. A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. Contributions to ...
Agkistrodon piscivorus); alligators (Alligator mississippiensis); and carnivorans like raccoons (Procyon lotor), red foxes ( ...
This species is similar to the cottonmouths and copperheads (Agkistrodon sp.) of the Americas, and it was long considered part ... ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Gloydius blomhoffi, p. 28). Gloyd HK, Conant R (1990). Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A ... ISBN 0-916984-20-6. (Agkistrodon blomhoffi complex, pp. 273-309). Fukuda, Tadashi; Iwaki, Masaaki; Hong, Seung Hwa; Oh, Ho Jung ... Agkistrodon halys) bite". Medical J Kagoshima Univ 30: 129-135. (in Japanese). Takeshita, T; Yamada, K; Hanada, M; Oda-Ueda, N ...
Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster); the Sonoran sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes cercobombus); the Arizona black rattlesnake ( ...
Agkistrodon contortrix pictigaster); the Sonoran sidewinder (Crotalus cerastes cercobombus); the Arizona black rattlesnake ( ...
Agkistrodon acutus, pp. 387-390 + Plate XXIII, figures D-G). Wikimedia Commons has media related to Deinagkistrodon acutus. ... May 1997 [1] "Agkistrodon acutus pit vipers." Medical-Explorer.com; accessed April 2010. [2] Boulenger GA (1896). Catalogue of ... ISBN 0-8153-4078-8. Chen JH, Liang XX, Qiu PX, Yan GM (May 2001). "Thrombolysis effect with FIIa from Agkistrodon acutus venom ... ISBN 978-9971-62-217-6. Gloyd HK, Conant R (1990). Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the ...
Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp. 52 plates. ...
Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp. 52 plates. ... "Agkistrodon blomhoffii brevicaudus, new subspecies", pp. 463-464.) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Gloydius blomhoffii. ...
ISBN 1-893777-00-6 (series). ISBN 1-893777-01-4 (volume). Gloyd HK, Conant R (1990). Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A ...
Volume 1: Heloderma, Micruroides, Micrurus, Pelamis, Agkistrodon, Sistrurus. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xviii ...
Snakes of the Agkistrodon Complex: A Monographic Review. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles. 614 pp. 52 plates. ...
Article: 蛇 岛 蟆 属 一 新 种 / A new Agkistrodon from Shedao (Snake Island), Liaoning ... 蛇 岛 蟆 属 一 新 种 / A new Agkistrodon from Shedao (Snake Island), Liaoning ...
Did you mean AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN OVINE OR scrotal ADAMANTEUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN OVINE OR scrotal ... Your search for AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN OVINE OR CROTALUS ADAMANTEUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN OVINE OR CROTALUS ...
Agkistrodon halys brevicaudus (Korean slamosa snake) (Gloydius haly dipeptidylpeptidase 4a 4b (EC 3.4.14.5). ... Taxonomy of Agkistrodon halys brevicaudus. cellular organisms, Eukaryota, Opisthokonta, Metazoa, Eumetazoa, Bilateria, ... Species Report for: Agkistrodon halys brevicaudus. 1 Alpha/beta hydrolase fold proteins and 0 fragments is known to date in ...
Agkistrodon laticinctus is a species of reptiles with 3227 observations ...
Agkistrodon Piscivorus is the Latin name for Water Moccasin. There are only four poisonous snakes in America, and this is one ... Fun with Agkistrodon Piscivorus and Verns Aero-Trike. Builders,. We have had two unexpected visitors in the hangar lately, and ... Agkistrodon Piscivorus is the Latin name for Water Moccasin. There are only four poisonous snakes in America, and this is one ...
ACUTOLYSIN A FROM SNAKE VENOM OF AGKISTRODON ACUTUS AT PH 5.0. Help ...
The Taylors cantil, also called the ornate cantil, is a member of the viper family found in the northeastern part of Mexico. This venomous snake is dark brown to black with white, orange or yellow bands along its body and head.
Clinically Significant Envenomation From Postmortem Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix). Emswiler et al.. *. Wilderness Medical ...
Agkistrodon contortrix. 582. MSUMC. KY. 1979 Oct 29. Equivocal§. Negative. Possible. Coluber constrictor. 603. MSUMC. KY. 1980 ...
Heloderma, Micruroides, Micrurus, Pelamis, Agkistrodon, Sistrurus Carl H. Ernst and Evelyn M. Ernst ...
AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN (OVINE) (UNII: IA6O0K772M) (AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN (OVINE) - ... AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN (OVINE). 1 g. CROTALUS SCUTULATUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN (OVINE) (UNII: 7WZ1744G86) ( ... Agkistrodon piscivorus antivenin 780 UNT / Crotalus adamanteus antivenin 420 UNT / Crotalus atrox antivenin 1270 UNT / Crotalus ... Agkistrodon piscivorus antivenin 780 UNT / Crotalus adamanteus antivenin 420 UNT / Crotalus atrox antivenin 1270 UNT / Crotalus ...
Northern Cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorous). *. Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox). *. Timber Rattlesnake well ...
An Independent Observation Of Facultative Parthenogenesis In The Copperhead (Agkistrodon Contortrix). Journal Of Herpetology, ...
Find the perfect coiled stock photo, image, vector, illustration or 360 image. Available for both RF and RM licensing.
Categories: Agkistrodon Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 22 ...
Agkistrodon (bai hua she). Agrimony (xian he cao). Ailanthus Bark (chun pi). Akebia Fruit (ba yue zha). Albizzia Bark (he huan ...
Agkistrodon contortrix. Agkistrodon contortrix mokasen Northern Copperhead ______ Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix Southern ... Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus Eastern Cottonmouth. (photo courtesy of Michael Christopher). *Eastern Diamondback ...
Definetly not a Agkistrodon/Crotalus.. Follow Ups:. [ Follow Ups ] [ The Venomous Snake Forum ]. kingsnake.com , NRAAC.ORG , ...
"agkistrodon"[All Fields] OR ("agkistrodon"[All Fields] AND "piscivorus"[All Fields]) OR "agkistrodon piscivorus"[All Fields]) ... AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN AND (OVINE) OR CROTAL... (1) AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN AND (OVINE ... Did you mean: agkistrodon piscivorus immune fab antivenom (ovine) OR crotalus adamanteus immune fab antivenom (ovine) OR ... Did you mean: agkistrodon piscivorus immune fab antivenom (ovine) OR crotalus adamanteus immune fab antivenom (ovine) OR ...
AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN (OVINE)[All Fields] AND CROTALUS ADAMANTEUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN (OVINE)[All Fields ... Found 1 result for AGKISTRODON PISCIVORUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN (OVINE)[All Fields] AND CROTALUS ADAMANTEUS IMMUNE FAB ANTIVENIN ... and Agkistrodon piscivorus. Intravenous crotalidae polyvalent immune Fab was effective in patients aged ≥10 years who had ...
I just bought a creeping fig from a local nursery here. I asked them if it had been treated with pesticides and she replied: I dont think so but im not 100%...
Cloning and characterization of novel disintegrins from Agkistrodon halys venom.. Park D; Kang I; Kim H; Chung K; Kim DS; Yun Y ...
Crystal structure of AaHIV, A metalloproteinase from venom of Agkistrodon Acutus. 3k7l. Structures of two elapid snake venom ... Crystal structure of Acostatin from Agkistrodon Contortrix Contortrix. 3dsl. The Three-dimensional Structure of Bothropasin, ...
Characterization of hyaluronidase isolated from Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix (Southern Copperhead) venom. Kudo K, Tu AT. ...
Isolation and characterization of ACTX-6: a cytotoxic L-amino acid oxidase from Agkistrodon acutus snake venom. Nat Prod Res. ...
Agkistrodon contortrix Agkistrodon piscivorus Ancistrodon Black Moccasin Copperhead Cottonmouth Swamp Moccasin Water Moccasin ... Agkistrodon Preferred Term Term UI T053320. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1994). ... Agkistrodon Preferred Concept UI. M0026950. Registry Number. txid8711. Related Numbers. txid8715. txid8720. Scope Note. A genus ... Agkistrodon piscivorus Term UI T001122395. Date07/14/2022. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2023). ...
Agkistrodon piscivorus), also called cottonmouths, are members of the reptilian family Viperidae. Theyre found in the ... Water moccasins (Agkistrodon piscivorus), also called cottonmouths, are members of the reptilian family Viperidae. Theyre ...
  • On a warm April day in 2008, Dr Nishanthi Wijekoon was up to her waist in marsh mud, painstakingly measuring the lengths of individual stems of the common reed grass, Phragmites australis , while this wise, elder surveyor kept a keen eye out for the indigenous poisonous water moccasins, Agkistrodon piscivorus . (hydro-international.com)
  • Agkistrodon contortrix es la víbora cabeza de cobre, A. piscivorus, la cíbora boca de algodón. (bvsalud.org)
  • Agkistrodon contortrix is the copperhead, A. piscivorus, the cottonmouth. (bvsalud.org)
  • Laboratory studies on piscivory in an opportunistic pitviper, the cottonmouth, Agkistrodon piscivorus . (bvsalud.org)
  • Water Moccasin' (Agkistrodon piscivorus). (4thpointstudios.com)
  • Distribution and pathology of copperhead (agkistrodon contortrix) venom. (medscape.com)
  • It is based on the ability of endogenous APC, generated by activation of protein C by an extract from Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix venom, to prolong an activated partial thromboplastin time. (nih.gov)
  • Agkistrodon contortrix is the copperhead, A. piscivorus, the cottonmouth. (nih.gov)
  • An enzyme fraction from the venom of the Malayan pit viper, Agkistrodon rhodostoma. (bvsalud.org)