Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.
Any behavior associated with conflict between two individuals.
Individual or group aggressive behavior which is socially non-acceptable, turbulent, and often destructive. It is precipitated by frustrations, hostility, prejudices, etc.
Behavior in defense of an area against another individual or individuals primarily of the same species.
Tendency to feel anger toward and to seek to inflict harm upon a person or group.
A strong emotional feeling of displeasure aroused by being interfered with, injured or threatened.
Social structure of a group as it relates to the relative social rank of dominance status of its members. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)
Relationship between individuals when one individual threatens or becomes aggressive and the other individual remains passive or attempts to escape.
Any behavior caused by or affecting another individual, usually of the same species.
Deliberate severe and repeated injury to one domestic partner by the other.
The observable response an animal makes to any situation.
The behavior patterns associated with or characteristic of a mother.
A personality disorder whose essential feature is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. The individual must be at least age 18 and must have a history of some symptoms of CONDUCT DISORDER before age 15. (From DSM-IV, 1994)
The direct struggle between individuals for environmental necessities or for a common goal.
Activities designed to attract the attention or favors of another.
The reciprocal interaction of two or more persons.
An act performed without delay, reflection, voluntary direction or obvious control in response to a stimulus.
Group composed of associates of same species, approximately the same age, and usually of similar rank or social status.
Individuals subjected to and adversely affected by criminal activity. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)
A psychoanalytic term meaning self-love.
Behaviors which are at variance with the expected social norm and which affect other individuals.
Struggle or disagreement between parents, parent and child or other members of a family.
The motivational and/or affective state resulting from being blocked, thwarted, disappointed or defeated.
Sexual activities of animals.
A nonapeptide that contains the ring of OXYTOCIN and the side chain of ARG-VASOPRESSIN with the latter determining the specific recognition of hormone receptors. Vasotocin is the non-mammalian vasopressin-like hormone or antidiuretic hormone regulating water and salt metabolism.
Social rank-order established by certain behavioral patterns.
Any observable response or action of a child from 24 months through 12 years of age. For neonates or children younger than 24 months, INFANT BEHAVIOR is available.
The use of force or intimidation to obtain compliance.
The internal individual struggle resulting from incompatible or opposing needs, drives, or external and internal demands. In group interactions, competitive or opposing action of incompatibles: antagonistic state or action (as of divergent ideas, interests, or persons). (from Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)
Disturbances considered to be pathological based on age and stage appropriateness, e.g., conduct disturbances and anaclitic depression. This concept does not include psychoneuroses, psychoses, or personality disorders with fixed patterns.
Disorders whose essential features are the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the individual or to others. Individuals experience an increased sense of tension prior to the act and pleasure, gratification or release of tension at the time of committing the act.
Methods for quantitatively assessing and measuring interpersonal and group relationships.
Abnormal or excessive excitability with easily triggered anger, annoyance, or impatience.
Deliberate, often repetitive physical, verbal, and/or other types of abuse by one or more members against others of a household.
The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community.
Non-acceptance, negative attitudes, hostility or excessive criticism of the individual which may precipitate feelings of rejection.
Devices or tools used in combat or fighting in order to kill or incapacitate.
A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. These behaviors include aggressive conduct that causes or threatens physical harm to other people or animals, nonaggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. The onset is before age 18. (From DSM-IV, 1994)
A feeling of restlessness associated with increased motor activity. This may occur as a manifestation of nervous system drug toxicity or other conditions.
A disorder in which fantasies about or the act of exposing the genitals to an unsuspecting stranger produces sexual excitement with no attempt at further sexual activity with the stranger.
Any observable response or action of an adolescent.
The antisocial acts of children or persons under age which are illegal or lawfully interpreted as constituting delinquency.
The determination and evaluation of personality attributes by interviews, observations, tests, or scales. Articles concerning personality measurement are considered to be within scope of this term.
An irrational reaction compounded of grief, loss of self-esteem, enmity against the rival and self criticism.
An acute brain syndrome which results from the excessive ingestion of ETHANOL or ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.
The separation of individuals or groups resulting in the lack of or minimizing of social contact and/or communication. This separation may be accomplished by physical separation, by social barriers and by psychological mechanisms. In the latter, there may be interaction but no real communication.
Persons who have committed a crime or have been convicted of a crime.
Growth of habitual patterns of behavior in childhood and adolescence.
The application of an unpleasant stimulus or penalty for the purpose of eliminating or correcting undesirable behavior.
Performing the role of a parent by care-giving, nurturance, and protection of the child by a natural or substitute parent. The parent supports the child by exercising authority and through consistent, empathic, appropriate behavior in response to the child's needs. PARENTING differs from CHILD REARING in that in child rearing the emphasis is on the act of training or bringing up the children and the interaction between the parent and child, while parenting emphasizes the responsibility and qualities of exemplary behavior of the parent.
Theoretical representations that simulate psychological processes and/or social processes. These include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
The training or molding of an individual through various relationships, educational agencies, and social controls, which enables him to become a member of a particular society.
An animal's cleaning and caring for the body surface. This includes preening, the cleaning and oiling of feathers with the bill or of hair with the tongue.
Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)
Neural nuclei situated in the septal region. They have afferent and cholinergic efferent connections with a variety of FOREBRAIN and BRAIN STEM areas including the HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION, the LATERAL HYPOTHALAMUS, the tegmentum, and the AMYGDALA. Included are the dorsal, lateral, medial, and triangular septal nuclei, septofimbrial nucleus, nucleus of diagonal band, nucleus of anterior commissure, and the nucleus of stria terminalis.
Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.
Aggressive behavior intended to cause harm or distress. The behavior may be physical or verbal. There is typically an imbalance of power, strength, or status between the target and the aggressor.
Loose heterogeneous collection of cells in the anterior hypothalamus, continuous rostrally with the medial and lateral PREOPTIC AREAS and caudally with the TUBER CINEREUM.

S-16924 [(R)-2-[1-[2-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-5-yloxy)-ethyl]- pyrrolidin-3yl]-1-(4-fluorophenyl)-ethanone], a novel, potential antipsychotic with marked serotonin1A agonist properties: III. Anxiolytic actions in comparison with clozapine and haloperidol. (1/2225)

S-16924 is a potential antipsychotic that displays agonist and antagonist properties at serotonin (5-HT)1A and 5-HT2A/2C receptors, respectively. In a pigeon conflict procedure, the benzodiazepine clorazepate (CLZ) increased punished responses, an action mimicked by S-16924, whereas the atypical antipsychotic clozapine and the neuroleptic haloperidol were inactive. Similarly, in a Vogel conflict paradigm in rats, CLZ increased punished responses, an action shared by S-16924 but not by clozapine or haloperidol. This action of S-16924 was abolished by the 5-HT1A antagonist WAY-100,635. Ultrasonic vocalizations in rats were inhibited by CLZ, S-16924, clozapine, and haloperidol. However, although WAY-100,635 abolished the action of S-16924, it did not affect clozapine and haloperidol. In a rat elevated plus-maze, CLZ, but not S-16924, clozapine, and haloperidol, increased open-arm entries. Like CLZ, S-16924 increased social interaction in rats, whereas clozapine and haloperidol were inactive. WAY-100,635 abolished this action of S-16924. CLZ, S-16924, clozapine, and haloperidol decreased aggressive interactions in isolated mice, but this effect of S-16924 was not blocked by WAY-100, 635. All drugs inhibited motor behavior, but the separation to anxiolytic doses was more pronounced for S-16924 than for CLZ. Finally, in freely moving rats, CLZ and S-16924, but not clozapine and haloperidol, decreased dialysis levels of 5-HT in the nucleus accumbens: this action of S-16924 was blocked by WAY-100,165. In conclusion, in contrast to haloperidol and clozapine, S-16924 possessed a broad-based profile of anxiolytic activity at doses lower than those provoking motor disruption. Its principal mechanism of action was activation of 5-HT1A (auto)receptors.  (+info)

Selective antiaggressive effects of alnespirone in resident-intruder test are mediated via 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptors: A comparative pharmacological study with 8-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin, ipsapirone, buspirone, eltoprazine, and WAY-100635. (2/2225)

The present study characterized the effects of the novel, selective, and potent 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (serotonin) (5-HT1A) receptor agonist, alnespirone [S-20499, (S)-N-4-[5-methoxychroman-3-yl)propylamino)butyl- 8-azaspiro-(4,5)-diacetamide, hydrochloride] on offensive and defensive resident-intruder aggression in wild-type rats and compared its actions with those of the prototypical full 5-HT1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2- dipropylaminotetralin (8-OH-DPAT), the partial 5-HT1A agonists ipsapirone and buspirone, and the mixed 5-HT1A/1B agonist eltoprazine. All five agonists exerted effective dose-dependent decreases of offensive aggressive behavior in resident rats; 8-OH-DPAT was the most potent (ID50 = 0.074 mg/kg), followed by eltoprazine (0.24), buspirone (0.72), ipsapirone (1.08), and alnespirone (1.24). However, in terms of selectivity of the antiaggressive effects as determined by the absence of decrements in social interest and general motor activity, alnespirone appeared to be superior. In the defensive aggression test, neither alnespirone nor any of the other four agonists changed defensive behaviors in the intruder rats. The involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in the antiaggressive actions of these drugs was confirmed by showing that the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 (N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2- pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide trihydrochloride), which was inactive alone, fully prevented the antiaggressive effects of alnespirone, 8-OH-DPAT, and buspirone and partly reversed those of ipsapirone and eltoprazine. The data clearly indicate that alnespirone effectively suppresses offensive aggression with an advantageous profile of action compared with other full or partial 5-HT1A agonists. These selective antiaggressive actions of alnespirone are mediated by stimulating 5-HT1A receptors, presumably the somatodendritic autoreceptors at the raphe nuclei. Furthermore, the data provide evidence for a major involvement of these 5-HT1A receptors in the modulation of aggressive behavior by 8-OH-DPAT, ipsapirone, buspirone, and eltoprazine.  (+info)

Measuring intermediate outcomes of violence prevention programs targeting African-American male youth: an exploratory assessment of the psychometric properties of six psychosocial measures. (3/2225)

This study examined the psychometric properties of six psychosocial measures that may be useful indicators of intermediate outcomes of violence prevention programs targeting African-American male youth. Baseline and 6 month follow-up survey data are used from 223 African-American male 12-16 year olds participating in a violence prevention program evaluation study. The constructs of interest are beliefs supporting aggression, aggressive conflict-resolution style, hostility, ethnic identity, self-esteem and hopelessness. Each construct is measured as a multi-item scale. Exploratory factor analysis results provided limited support for the unidimensionality of these scales, thus suggesting that further scale development is warranted. Reliability coefficients for the scales ranged from 0.55 to 0.80. Bivariate analyses with baseline data indicate that all six measures have construct and criterion-related validity, as they are associated with each other and with four behavioral criteria in the expected directions. Predictive validity was also demonstrated for beliefs supporting aggression, aggressive conflict-resolution style, hostility and hopelessness which were associated with weapon-carrying behaviors measured in the 6 month follow-up survey both before and after controlling for corresponding behaviors measured in the baseline survey.  (+info)

d,l-fenfluramine response in impulsive personality disorder assessed with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. (4/2225)

Reduced serotonergic activity has been associated with impulsive aggression in personality disordered patients in metabolite and pharmacologic challenge studies. This study used positron emission tomography to explore whether reduced serotonergic function occurs in critical brain regions such as orbital frontal and cingulate cortex that, may play a role in modulating aggression. Six impulsive-aggressive patients and five healthy volunteers were evaluated for changes in regional glucose metabolism after administration of the serotonergic releasing agent d,l-fenfluramine (60 mg, p.o.) or placebo. Volunteers demonstrated increases in orbital frontal and adjacent ventral medial frontal cortex, cingulate, and inferior parietal cortex, whereas impulsive-aggressive patients showed no significant increases in glucose metabolism after fenfluramine in any region. Compared with volunteers, patients showed significantly blunted metabolic responses in orbital frontal, adjacent ventral medial and cingulate cortex, but not in inferior parietal lobe. These results are consistent with reduced serotonergic modulation of orbital frontal, ventral medial frontal, and cingulate cortex in patients with impulsive-aggressive personality disorders.  (+info)

Side effects of extinction: prevalence of bursting and aggression during the treatment of self-injurious behavior. (5/2225)

Findings from basic and applied research suggest that treatment with operant extinction may produce adverse side effects; two of these commonly noted are an increase in the frequency of the target response (extinction burst) and an increase in aggression (extinction-induced aggression). Although extinction is often used to treat problem behavior in clinical settings, few applied studies have examined the prevalence of these side effects or their possible attenuation with other operant procedures. An analysis of 41 data sets for individuals who received treatment for self-injurious behavior indicated that extinction bursts or increases in aggression occurred in nearly one half of the cases. The prevalence of bursting and aggression was substantially lower when extinction was implemented as part of a treatment package rather than as the sole intervention.  (+info)

An evaluation of "informed consent" with volunteer prisoner subjects. (6/2225)

"Informed consent" sets a goal for investigators experimenting with human subjects, but little is known about how to achieve or evaluate it in an experiment. In a 3-year, double-blind study with incarcerated men, we attempted to provide a "free and informed consent" and evaluated our efforts with an unannounced questionnaire administered to subjects after they completed the experiment. At that time, approximately two-thirds had sufficient information for an informed consent, but only one-third was well informed about all key aspects of the experiment and one-third was insufficiently informed to give an informed consent. We found that institution- or study-based coercion was minimal in our experiment. From our evaluation of the questionnaire and experience at the study institution, we conclude that an experiment with human subjects should be designed to include an ongoing evaluation of informed consent, and active attempts should be made to avoid or minimize coercive inducements. Experiments with significant risk, which require a long duration and/or large sample size relative to the institution's population, should probably not be performed on prisoner subjects. The experimenter should be independent of the penal institution's power structure. Presenting and explaining a consent form to volunteers on one occasion is probably an in adequate procedure for obtaining and maintaining an informed consent.  (+info)

Practical approaches to reduce the impact of bullying. (7/2225)

Bullying has serious long term consequences for all concerned. The cost of ignoring bullying is great, and it is no longer acceptable to view bullying as a normal part of everyday life that children have to learn to tolerate. Effective strategies exist to reduce the frequency of bullying and to make this type of aggressive behaviour less likely to occur.  (+info)

Emotional stress and characteristics of brain noradrenaline release in the rat. (8/2225)

We have investigated several characteristics of the rat brain noradrenaline (NA) release caused by various stressful situations. Stresses such as immobilization or electric foot shock, wherein the physical factors rather than emotional ones were greatly involved, caused more marked increases in NA release in the more extended brain regions, as compared to psychological stress and conditioned fear, which caused increases in NA release preferentially in the hypothalamus, amygdala and locus coeruleus (LC) region. When the electric shock stress and psychological stress for 1 hr daily were repeated for 5 consecutive days, increases in brain NA release induced by electric shock were rapidly reduced, but those caused by psychological stress were enhanced rather than reduced. Rats with no stressor controllability (uncontrollable) had more severe gastric lesions and more marked increases in NA release in such brain regions as the hypothalamus and amygdala after 21 hrs of training than controllable rats. Rats with no opportunity to predict electric shock exhibited more severe gastric lesions and more marked increases in hypothalamic NA release than the predictable rats. The rats not allowed to express their aggression had more severe gastric mucosal lesions and a more noticeable and persistent increases in extracellular NA content in the amygdala determined by intracerebral microdialysis than the rats allowed to express aggression by biting a wooden stick in front of them during stress exposure. In aged rats (12 months old), recovery from increases in NA release in the hypothalamus and amygdala and increases in plasma corticosterone were much later than in young (2-month-old) rats. When rats were exposed to a series of six 15-min stress interrupted by 18-min non-stress periods for 180 min, they had much greater increases in brain NA release than rats stressed continuously for 180 min. Based upon these findings, we suggest that such stresses might be harmful to our health as psychological, uncontrollable and unpredictable stresses, stress unable to express aggression, stress in elderly people, and stress with lack of suitable rest.  (+info)

Aggression is defined in medical terms as behavior that is intended to cause harm or damage to another individual or their property. It can take the form of verbal or physical actions and can be a symptom of various mental health disorders, such as intermittent explosive disorder, conduct disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and dementia. Aggression can also be a side effect of certain medications or a result of substance abuse. It is important to note that aggression can have serious consequences, including physical injury, emotional trauma, and legal repercussions. If you or someone you know is experiencing problems with aggression, it is recommended to seek help from a mental health professional.

Agonistic behavior is a term used in ethology, the study of animal behavior, to describe interactions between individuals that are often competitive or hostile, but stop short of direct physical contact. These behaviors can include threats, displays, and counter-threats, as well as ritualized fighting. The term comes from the Greek word "agon," which means "competition" or "contest."

In a medical context, agonistic behavior might be used to describe competitive or hostile interactions between people, particularly in the context of mental health or psychiatric disorders. For example, a person with a personality disorder might exhibit agonistic behavior towards others as part of their pattern of manipulative or controlling behaviors. However, this is less common than the use of the term in ethology.

Violence is not typically defined in medical terms, but it can be described as the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation. This definition is often used in public health and medical research to understand the impact of violence on health outcomes.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "territoriality" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a concept that is more commonly used in the fields of psychology, sociology, and animal behavior to refer to the tendency of an individual or group to defend a particular territory from intrusion by others.

In a medical context, the term "territory" may be used more broadly to refer to a specific area or region of the body that is associated with a particular medical condition or specialty. For example, a neurologist might refer to the "territory" of the brain that is affected by a stroke or other type of brain injury.

If you have any further questions about medical terminology or concepts, please don't hesitate to ask!

In a medical or psychological context, hostility typically refers to a negative and antagonistic attitude or behavior towards others. It can manifest as overt actions such as aggression, verbal abuse, or anger, or as covert attitudes such as cynicism, mistrust, or resentment. Hostility is often considered a component of certain mental health conditions, such as personality disorders or mood disorders, and has been linked to negative health outcomes like cardiovascular disease. However, it's important to note that hostility can also be a normal and adaptive response to certain situations, depending on the context.

Anger is a normal and adaptive human emotion, which can be defined as a negative emotional state that involves feelings of annoyance, irritation, hostility, and aggression towards someone or something that has caused harm, injury, or unfair treatment. It is a complex emotional response that can have physical, mental, and behavioral components.

Physiologically, anger triggers the release of stress hormones such as adrenaline, which prepares the body for a fight-or-flight response. This can result in symptoms such as increased heart rate, rapid breathing, and heightened sensory perception.

In terms of mental and behavioral components, anger can manifest as thoughts of revenge, verbal or physical aggression, or passive-aggressive behaviors. Chronic or uncontrolled anger can have negative impacts on one's health, relationships, and overall quality of life.

It is important to note that while anger is a normal emotion, it becomes a problem when it leads to harmful behaviors or interferes with daily functioning. In such cases, seeking professional help from a mental health provider may be necessary to learn healthy coping mechanisms and manage anger effectively.

"Social dominance" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, it is a concept that is often used in the social sciences, including sociology, psychology, and anthropology. It refers to the degree of control, influence, or power that an individual or group has over others within a particular social context or hierarchy.

In some cases, social dominance may be associated with certain medical conditions or situations. For example, individuals with antisocial personality disorder or other psychiatric disorders may exhibit dominant behaviors as part of their symptoms. Similarly, social dominance can be a factor in the development and maintenance of certain types of relationships, such as those seen in abusive or coercive relationships.

However, it's important to note that social dominance is not a medical diagnosis or condition in and of itself. Rather, it is a social phenomenon that can intersect with various medical and psychological issues.

Dominance-subordination is a social hierarchy system that exists in many animal species, including humans, where individuals within a group establish a ranking or pecking order. This hierarchy helps to maintain order and reduce conflict within the group.

In dominance-subordination, dominant individuals are those who have priority access to resources such as food, mates, and space. They also tend to be more assertive and aggressive in their behavior towards other group members. Subordinate individuals, on the other hand, defer to the dominants and may show signs of submission, such as avoiding eye contact or averting their gaze.

The establishment of dominance-subordination relationships can occur through various means, including aggression, ritualized displays, or social manipulation. Once established, these relationships can be relatively stable over time, although they may shift in response to changes in the group's composition or external factors.

In a medical context, the term "dominance-subordination" is sometimes used to describe relationships between different physiological processes or responses within an individual. For example, one process may be dominant over another in terms of its influence on behavior or physiology. However, this usage is less common than the social hierarchy sense of the term.

Social behavior, in the context of medicine and psychology, refers to the ways in which individuals interact and engage with others within their social environment. It involves various actions, communications, and responses that are influenced by cultural norms, personal values, emotional states, and cognitive processes. These behaviors can include but are not limited to communication, cooperation, competition, empathy, altruism, aggression, and conformity.

Abnormalities in social behavior may indicate underlying mental health conditions such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, or personality disorders. Therefore, understanding and analyzing social behavior is an essential aspect of diagnosing and treating various psychological and psychiatric conditions.

Spouse abuse, also known as intimate partner violence (IPV), is a pattern of behavior involving violence or threatened violence, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and/or psychological abuse directed by an individual toward their current or former spouse or intimate partner. This can include physical harm, sexual assault, harassment, threats, intimidation, stalking, and various forms of controlling behaviors. Spouse abuse can occur in both heterosexual and same-sex relationships and can affect individuals of any socioeconomic background, race, age, or education level. It is a serious public health issue and a violation of human rights.

'Animal behavior' refers to the actions or responses of animals to various stimuli, including their interactions with the environment and other individuals. It is the study of the actions of animals, whether they are instinctual, learned, or a combination of both. Animal behavior includes communication, mating, foraging, predator avoidance, and social organization, among other things. The scientific study of animal behavior is called ethology. This field seeks to understand the evolutionary basis for behaviors as well as their physiological and psychological mechanisms.

Maternal behavior refers to the nurturing and protective behaviors exhibited by a female animal towards its offspring. In humans, this term is often used to describe the natural instincts and actions of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth, and early child-rearing. It encompasses a broad range of activities such as feeding, grooming, protecting, and teaching the young.

In the context of medical and psychological research, maternal behavior is often studied to understand the factors that influence its development, expression, and outcomes for both the mother and offspring. Factors that can affect maternal behavior include hormonal changes during pregnancy and childbirth, as well as social, cultural, and environmental influences.

Abnormal or atypical maternal behavior may indicate underlying mental health issues, such as postpartum depression or anxiety, and can have negative consequences for both the mother and the child's development and well-being. Therefore, it is important to monitor and support healthy maternal behaviors in new mothers to promote positive outcomes for both parties.

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is a mental health condition characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for the rights of others, lack of empathy, and manipulative behaviors. It is defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5), as follows:

A. A consistent pattern of behavior that violates the basic rights of others and major age-appropriate societal norms and rules, as indicated by the presence of at least three of the following:

1. Failure to conform to social norms and laws, indicated by repeatedly performing acts that are grounds for arrest.
2. Deceitfulness, as indicated by repeated lying, use of aliases, or conning others for personal profit or pleasure.
3. Impulsivity or failure to plan ahead; indication of this symptom may include promiscuity.
4. Irritability and aggressiveness, as indicated by repeated physical fights or assaults.
5. Reckless disregard for safety of self or others.
6. Consistent irresponsibility, as indicated by repeated failure to sustain consistent work behavior or honor financial obligations.
7. Lack of remorse, as indicated by being indifferent to or rationalizing having hurt, mistreated, or stolen from another.

B. The individual is at least 18 years of age.

C. There is evidence of conduct disorder with onset before the age of 15 years.

D. The occurrence of antisocial behavior is not exclusively during the course of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

E. The individual's criminal behavior has not been better explained by a conduct disorder diagnosis or antisocial behavior that began before the age of 15 years.

It's important to note that ASPD can be challenging to diagnose, and it often requires a comprehensive evaluation from a mental health professional with experience in personality disorders.

Competitive behavior, in a medical or psychological context, refers to the actions, attitudes, and strategies that individuals employ in order to achieve their goals while contending with others who have similar objectives. This concept is often studied within the framework of social psychology and personality psychology.

Competitive behavior can manifest in various domains, including sports, academics, professional settings, and social relationships. It may involve direct competition, where individuals or groups engage in head-to-head contests to determine a winner, or indirect competition, where individuals strive for limited resources or recognition without necessarily interacting with one another.

In some cases, competitive behavior can be adaptive and contribute to personal growth, skill development, and motivation. However, excessive competitiveness may also lead to negative outcomes such as stress, anxiety, reduced cooperation, and strained relationships. Factors that influence the expression of competitive behavior include genetic predispositions, environmental influences, cultural norms, and individual personality traits.

In a medical setting, healthcare providers may encounter competitive behavior among patients vying for attention or resources, between colleagues striving for professional advancement, or in the context of patient-provider relationships where power dynamics can influence decision-making processes. Understanding the nuances of competitive behavior is essential for fostering positive interactions and promoting collaboration in various domains.

To the best of my knowledge, there is no medical definition for "courtship" as it is a term that is more commonly used in social and cultural contexts rather than in the field of medicine. Courtship generally refers to the period of time during which two people engage in various social activities to get to know each other and determine whether they are compatible before deciding to start a romantic relationship or get married.

However, it's worth noting that some aspects of courtship, such as dating and forming intimate relationships, can have implications for mental and physical health. For example, having positive and satisfying relationships is associated with better mental and physical health outcomes, while being in abusive or unhealthy relationships can negatively impact one's well-being.

Interpersonal relations, in the context of medicine and healthcare, refer to the interactions and relationships between patients and healthcare professionals, as well as among healthcare professionals themselves. These relationships are crucial in the delivery of care and can significantly impact patient outcomes. Positive interpersonal relations can lead to improved communication, increased trust, greater patient satisfaction, and better adherence to treatment plans. On the other hand, negative or strained interpersonal relations can result in poor communication, mistrust, dissatisfaction, and non-adherence.

Healthcare professionals are trained to develop effective interpersonal skills, including active listening, empathy, respect, and cultural sensitivity, to build positive relationships with their patients. Effective interpersonal relations also involve clear and concise communication, setting appropriate boundaries, and managing conflicts in a constructive manner. In addition, positive interpersonal relations among healthcare professionals can promote collaboration, teamwork, and knowledge sharing, leading to improved patient care and safety.

Impulsive behavior can be defined medically as actions performed without proper thought or consideration of the consequences, driven by immediate needs, desires, or urges. It often involves risky or inappropriate behaviors that may lead to negative outcomes. In a clinical context, impulsivity is frequently associated with certain mental health conditions such as ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and some neurological conditions. It's important to note that everyone can exhibit impulsive behavior at times, but when it becomes a persistent pattern causing distress or functional impairment, it may indicate an underlying condition requiring professional assessment and treatment.

In the context of public health and medical research, a peer group is a social group whose members have similar interests, concerns, or social positions. Peer groups can play an important role in shaping individual behaviors, attitudes, and beliefs, particularly during adolescence and young adulthood. In research, studying peer groups can help researchers understand how social norms and influences affect health-related behaviors, such as substance use, sexual behavior, and mental health. It's worth noting that the term "peer group" doesn't have a specific medical definition, but it is widely used in public health and medical research to refer to these types of social groups.

A crime victim is a person who has suffered direct or threatened physical, emotional, or financial harm as a result of the commission of a crime. According to the United States Department of Justice, victims of crime may experience a range of negative effects including physical injury, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, and financial losses.

Crime victimization can take many forms, such as assault, robbery, homicide, sexual assault, domestic violence, child abuse, identity theft, and fraud. In addition to the immediate harm caused by criminal acts, victims may also face long-term challenges related to their recovery, including emotional trauma, difficulty trusting others, and economic instability.

Many countries have laws and policies in place to support crime victims and provide them with access to resources and services. These can include victim compensation programs, counseling and therapy services, and legal assistance. In the United States, for example, the Victims of Crime Act (VOCA) provides funding for victim services through a federal grant program administered by the Office for Victims of Crime (OVC).

Overall, the medical definition of 'crime victims' refers to individuals who have been directly or indirectly harmed by criminal behavior and may require support and resources to help them recover from their experiences.

Narcissism is a personality trait characterized by a grandiose sense of self-importance, a lack of empathy for others, a need for excessive admiration, and feelings of entitlement. It's named after the Greek mythological figure Narcissus, who fell in love with his own reflection.

In clinical psychology, narcissism is often used to describe a personality disorder, known as Narcissistic Personality Disorder (NPD), which is characterized by these traits in a pervasive and persistent manner that interferes significantly with an individual's social relationships and functioning. However, it's important to note that narcissism exists on a spectrum, and while some people may have traits of narcissism, they do not necessarily meet the criteria for NPD.

Remember, only a qualified mental health professional can diagnose a personality disorder.

Social behavior disorders are a category of mental health conditions that are characterized by significant and persistent patterns of socially disruptive behavior. These behaviors may include aggression, impulsivity, defiance, and opposition to authority, which can interfere with an individual's ability to function in social, academic, or occupational settings.

Social behavior disorders can manifest in a variety of ways, depending on the age and developmental level of the individual. In children and adolescents, common examples include oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), and disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). Adults with social behavior disorders may exhibit antisocial personality disorder or other related conditions.

It is important to note that social behavior disorders are not the result of poor parenting or a lack of discipline, but rather are thought to be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and neurobiological factors. Treatment for social behavior disorders typically involves a combination of behavioral therapy, medication, and social skills training.

Family conflict refers to disagreements or discord between family members, which can range from minor misunderstandings or differences in opinion to more serious issues such as communication breakdowns, emotional distress, and negative behaviors. These conflicts can arise from various sources, including differing values, beliefs, expectations, and parenting styles, as well as financial problems, substance abuse, and chronic illness. In some cases, family conflicts may be resolved through open communication, compromise, and counseling, while in other situations, they may lead to more serious consequences such as divorce, separation, or estrangement.

In medical or psychological terms, "frustration" is not defined as a specific medical condition or diagnosis. Instead, it refers to a common emotional reaction that people may experience when they are unable to achieve a goal or fulfill a desire, despite their efforts. This can lead to feelings of anger, disappointment, and aggression. While frustration itself is not a medical condition, chronic or extreme feelings of frustration can contribute to the development of mental health issues such as anxiety or depression.

Sexual behavior in animals refers to a variety of behaviors related to reproduction and mating that occur between members of the same species. These behaviors can include courtship displays, mating rituals, and various physical acts. The specific forms of sexual behavior displayed by a given species are influenced by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors.

In some animals, sexual behavior is closely tied to reproductive cycles and may only occur during certain times of the year or under specific conditions. In other species, sexual behavior may be more frequent and less closely tied to reproduction, serving instead as a means of social bonding or communication.

It's important to note that while humans are animals, the term "sexual behavior" is often used in a more specific sense to refer to sexual activities between human beings. The study of sexual behavior in animals is an important area of research within the field of animal behavior and can provide insights into the evolutionary origins of human sexual behavior as well as the underlying mechanisms that drive it.

Vasotocin is not generally recognized as a medical term or a well-established physiological concept in human medicine. However, it is a term used in comparative endocrinology and animal physiology to refer to a nonapeptide hormone that is functionally and structurally similar to arginine vasopressin (AVP) or antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in mammals.

Vasotocin is found in various non-mammalian vertebrates, including fish, amphibians, and reptiles, where it plays roles in regulating water balance, blood pressure, social behaviors, and reproduction. In these animals, vasotocin is produced by the hypothalamus and stored in the posterior pituitary gland before being released into the circulation to exert its effects on target organs.

Therefore, while not a medical definition per se, vasotocin can be defined as a neuropeptide hormone that regulates various physiological functions in non-mammalian vertebrates, with structural and functional similarities to mammalian arginine vasopressin.

A social hierarchy in the context of medicine and public health often refers to the organization of individuals or groups based on their relative status, power, or influence within a society or community. This structure can have significant implications for health outcomes and access to care. For instance, those with higher socioeconomic status (SES) tend to have better health and longer lifespans than those with lower SES, due in part to factors such as better access to healthcare, nutritious food, safe housing, and educational opportunities.

Social hierarchies can also intersect with other forms of inequality, such as racism, sexism, and ableism, to create additional barriers to health and well-being for marginalized communities. Understanding the role of social hierarchy in health is crucial for developing effective public health interventions and policies that address these underlying determinants of health.

Child behavior refers to the actions, reactions, and interactions exhibited by children in response to their environment, experiences, and developmental stage. It is a broad term that encompasses various aspects, including emotional, social, cognitive, and physical development.

Child behavior can be categorized into two main types:

1. Desirable or positive behaviors - These are behaviors that promote healthy development, social interactions, and learning. Examples include sharing toys, following rules, expressing emotions appropriately, and demonstrating empathy towards others.
2. Challenging or negative behaviors - These are behaviors that hinder healthy development, social interactions, and learning. Examples include aggression, defiance, tantrums, anxiety, and withdrawal.

Understanding child behavior is crucial for parents, caregivers, educators, and healthcare professionals to provide appropriate support, guidance, and interventions to promote positive developmental outcomes in children. Factors influencing child behavior include genetics, temperament, environment, parenting style, and life experiences.

Coercion, in a medical context, refers to the use of threat, manipulation, or intimidation to force someone to make a specific healthcare decision that they might not have made willingly or that is against their better judgment. This can occur in various situations, such as when a patient is pressured to undergo a treatment they do not fully understand or agree with, or when a healthcare provider makes decisions on behalf of an incapacitated patient without considering their previously expressed wishes or values. Coercion undermines the principles of informed consent and autonomy and can lead to negative outcomes for patients, including decreased trust in their healthcare providers and poorer health outcomes.

Childhood behavior disorders are a group of disruptive behaviors that are more frequent or severe than is typical for the child's age and development. These behaviors can cause significant impairment in the child's life, including their relationships with family, friends, and at school. Common examples of childhood behavior disorders include:

1. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): A chronic condition characterized by difficulty paying attention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity.
2. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): A pattern of negative, hostile, and defiant behavior towards authority figures.
3. Conduct Disorder: A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules.
4. Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED): A disorder characterized by recurrent impulsive aggressive behavior disproportionate to the situation.
5. Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by difficulties in social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors.
6. Tourette Syndrome: A neurological disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations called tics.

It's important to note that children with behavior disorders often have other conditions such as learning disabilities, mood disorders, or anxiety disorders. Early identification and treatment of these disorders can significantly improve the child's outcome.

Impulse Control Disorders (ICDs) are a group of psychiatric conditions characterized by the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to oneself or others. This leads to negative consequences such as distress, anxiety, or disruption in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) recognizes several specific ICDs, including:

1. Kleptomania - the recurrent failure to resist impulses to steal items, even though they are not needed for personal use or financial gain.
2. Pyromania - the deliberate and purposeful fire-setting on more than one occasion.
3. Intermittent Explosive Disorder - recurrent behavioral outbursts representing a failure to control aggressive impulses, resulting in serious assaultive acts or destruction of property.
4. Pathological Gambling - persistent and recurrent maladaptive gambling behavior that disrupts personal, family, or vocational pursuits.
5. Internet Gaming Disorder - the excessive and prolonged use of the internet for gaming, which leads to clinically significant impairment or distress.

These disorders are typically associated with a range of emotional, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms that can vary depending on the specific disorder and individual presentation. Treatment often involves a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and self-help strategies to manage symptoms and improve overall functioning.

Sociometry is a method used in social science to measure the pattern of interpersonal relationships within a group. Sociometric techniques are thus the tools or methods employed to collect and analyze sociometric data, which typically involve individuals rating or choosing others in the group with whom they would prefer to work or interact. These techniques can be used to study various aspects of group dynamics, social structure, and individual social status within a group. Examples of sociometric techniques include surveys, questionnaires, interviews, and observation.

Irritable mood is not a formal medical diagnosis, but it is often described as a symptom in various mental health conditions. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) does not have a specific definition for irritable mood. However, the term "irritable" is used to describe a mood state in several psychiatric disorders such as:

1. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): In MDD, an individual may experience an irritable mood along with other symptoms like depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, changes in appetite and sleep, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt, difficulty thinking, concentrating, or making decisions, and recurrent thoughts of death or suicide.
2. Bipolar Disorder: In bipolar disorder, an individual may experience irritable mood during a manic or hypomanic episode. During these episodes, the person may also have increased energy, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, rapid speech, distractibility, and excessive involvement in pleasurable activities that have a high potential for painful consequences.
3. Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD): This disorder is characterized by severe and recurrent temper outbursts that are grossly out of proportion to the situation and occur at least three times per week, along with an irritable or angry mood most of the time between temper outbursts.
4. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD): In PMDD, an individual may experience irritability, anger, and increased interpersonal conflicts in addition to other symptoms like depressed mood, anxiety, and physical symptoms during the late luteal phase of their menstrual cycle.

It is essential to consult a mental health professional if you or someone else experiences persistent irritable mood or any other symptoms that may indicate an underlying mental health condition.

Domestic violence is defined by the World Health Organization as:

"...a pattern of behavior in any relationship that is used to gain or maintain power and control over an intimate partner. Abusive behaviors can include physical, sexual, emotional, economic, and psychological actions or threats of actions that influence another person. This includes any behaviors that intimidate, manipulate, humiliate, isolate, frighten, terrorize, coerce, threaten, blame, hurt, injure, or wound someone."

It's important to note that domestic violence can occur in both heterosexual and same-sex relationships, and it can affect people of any race, ethnicity, age, economic status, or level of education. Domestic violence is a pervasive global health problem that affects millions of individuals and families worldwide.

A "social environment" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, but it is often used in the context of public health and social sciences to refer to the physical and social conditions, relationships, and organized institutions that influence the health and well-being of individuals and communities.

The social environment includes factors such as:

* Social support networks (family, friends, community)
* Cultural norms and values
* Socioeconomic status (income, education, occupation)
* Housing and neighborhood conditions
* Access to resources (food, healthcare, transportation)
* Exposure to discrimination, violence, and other stressors

These factors can have a significant impact on health outcomes, as they can influence behaviors related to health (such as diet, exercise, and substance use), as well as exposure to disease and access to healthcare. Understanding the social environment is essential for developing effective public health interventions and policies that promote health equity and reduce health disparities.

In the context of medical law and ethics, "weapons" may refer to objects or substances that can cause harm or injury to individuals. This can include firearms, knives, and other types of physical weapons, as well as biological or chemical agents that can cause harm if used intentionally. In a healthcare setting, the term "weapons" might also refer to any object that is used in a threatening or harmful manner, such as using a medical instrument as a bludgeon. It's important to note that the use of weapons in a healthcare setting is generally prohibited and can give rise to legal and ethical concerns.

Conduct Disorder is a mental health disorder that typically begins in childhood or adolescence and is characterized by a repetitive pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms and rules. The behaviors fall into four main categories: aggression to people and animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violation of rules.

The specific symptoms of Conduct Disorder can vary widely among individuals, but they generally include:

1. Aggression to people and animals: This may include physical fights, bullying, threatening others, cruelty to animals, and use of weapons.
2. Destruction of property: This may include deliberate destruction of others' property, arson, and vandalism.
3. Deceitfulness or theft: This may include lying, shoplifting, stealing, and breaking into homes, buildings, or cars.
4. Serious violation of rules: This may include running away from home, truancy, staying out late without permission, and frequent violations of school rules.

Conduct Disorder can have serious consequences for individuals who suffer from it, including academic failure, substance abuse, depression, anxiety, and difficulties in interpersonal relationships. It is important to note that Conduct Disorder should be diagnosed by a qualified mental health professional based on a comprehensive evaluation.

Psychomotor agitation is a state of increased physical activity and purposeless or semi-purposeful voluntary movements, usually associated with restlessness, irritability, and cognitive impairment. It can be a manifestation of various medical and neurological conditions such as delirium, dementia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and substance withdrawal. Psychomotor agitation may also increase the risk of aggressive behavior and physical harm to oneself or others. Appropriate evaluation and management are necessary to address the underlying cause and alleviate symptoms.

Exhibitionism is a psychological disorder in which a person has the urge to expose their genitals to other people, usually strangers. This behavior is often motivated by the desire to shock or impress the other person, or to achieve sexual arousal and gratification. Exhibitionism is considered a paraphilic disorder when it causes distress or impairment in the individual's social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning, or when it involves non-consenting individuals. It is classified as a type of sexually deviant behavior and is listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) as a mental disorder.

Adolescent behavior refers to the typical behaviors, attitudes, and emotions exhibited by individuals who are within the developmental stage of adolescence, which generally falls between the ages of 10-24 years old. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines an adolescent as "an individual who is in the process of growing from childhood to adulthood, and whose age ranges from 10 to 19 years." However, it's important to note that the specific age range can vary depending on cultural, societal, and individual factors.

During adolescence, individuals experience significant physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that can influence their behavior. Some common behaviors exhibited by adolescents include:

1. Increased independence and autonomy seeking: Adolescents may start to challenge authority figures, question rules, and seek more control over their lives as they develop a stronger sense of self.
2. Peer influence: Adolescents often place greater importance on their relationships with peers and may engage in behaviors that are influenced by their friends, such as experimenting with substances or adopting certain fashion styles.
3. Risk-taking behavior: Adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviors, such as reckless driving, substance use, and unsafe sexual practices, due to a combination of factors, including brain development, peer pressure, and the desire for novelty and excitement.
4. Emotional volatility: Hormonal changes and brain development during adolescence can lead to increased emotional intensity and instability, resulting in mood swings, irritability, and impulsivity.
5. Identity exploration: Adolescents are often preoccupied with discovering their own identity, values, beliefs, and goals, which may result in experimentation with different hairstyles, clothing, hobbies, or relationships.
6. Cognitive development: Adolescents develop the ability to think more abstractly, consider multiple perspectives, and engage in complex problem-solving, which can lead to improved decision-making and self-reflection.
7. Formation of long-term relationships: Adolescence is a critical period for establishing close friendships and romantic relationships that can have lasting impacts on an individual's social and emotional development.

It is essential to recognize that adolescent development is a complex and dynamic process, and individual experiences may vary significantly. While some risky behaviors are common during this stage, it is crucial to provide support, guidance, and resources to help adolescents navigate the challenges they face and promote healthy development.

Juvenile delinquency is a term used in the legal system to describe illegal activities or behaviors committed by minors, typically defined as individuals under the age of 18. It's important to note that the specific definition and handling of juvenile delinquency can vary based on different jurisdictions and legal systems around the world.

The term is often used to describe a pattern of behavior where a young person repeatedly engages in criminal activities or behaviors that violate the laws of their society. These actions, if committed by an adult, would be considered criminal offenses.

Juvenile delinquency is handled differently than adult offenses, with a focus on rehabilitation rather than punishment. The goal is to address the root causes of the behavior, which could include factors like family environment, social pressures, mental health issues, or substance abuse. Interventions may include counseling, education programs, community service, or, in more serious cases, residential placement in a juvenile detention facility.

However, it's important to remember that the specifics of what constitutes juvenile delinquency and how it's handled can vary greatly depending on the legal system and cultural context.

A personality assessment is a systematic process used by healthcare professionals to evaluate and understand an individual's characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, and behavior. It typically involves the use of standardized measures, such as self-report questionnaires, interviews, and observational techniques, to gather information about an individual's personality traits, attitudes, values, and behaviors.

The goal of a personality assessment is to provide a comprehensive and integrated understanding of an individual's unique personality style, including their strengths, weaknesses, and potential vulnerabilities. This information can be useful in a variety of contexts, including clinical treatment planning, vocational counseling, and forensic evaluation.

It is important to note that personality assessments should always be conducted by qualified professionals with appropriate training and expertise in the use of these measures. Additionally, while personality assessments can provide valuable insights into an individual's personality style, they are not infallible and should always be considered alongside other sources of information when making important decisions about treatment or management.

Jealousy is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a psychological feeling or state that involves feelings of fear, anxiety, and apprehension about losing something that one values, such as a relationship, possession, or status, to another person. Jealousy can also involve feelings of anger, resentment, and disappointment, and it can have negative impacts on mental and emotional well-being if it becomes chronic or intense. While jealousy is not a medical condition itself, it can be a factor in various psychological and interpersonal issues that may require medical attention, such as anxiety disorders, relationship problems, and low self-esteem.

Alcoholic intoxication, also known as alcohol poisoning, is a condition that occurs when a person consumes a large amount of alcohol in a short period of time. This can lead to an increase in the concentration of alcohol in the blood, which can affect the normal functioning of the body's organs and systems.

The symptoms of alcoholic intoxication can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but they may include:

* Confusion or disorientation
* Slurred speech
* Poor coordination
* Staggering or difficulty walking
* Vomiting
* Seizures
* Slow or irregular breathing
* Low body temperature (hypothermia)
* Pale or blue-tinged skin
* Unconsciousness or coma

Alcoholic intoxication can be a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment. If you suspect that someone has alcohol poisoning, it is important to seek medical help right away. Treatment may include supportive care, such as providing fluids and oxygen, and monitoring the person's vital signs. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary.

It is important to note that alcoholic intoxication can occur even at relatively low levels of alcohol consumption, especially in people who are not used to drinking or who have certain medical conditions. It is always best to drink in moderation and to be aware of the potential risks associated with alcohol consumption.

Social isolation, in the context of health and medicine, refers to the lack of social connections, interactions, or engagement with other people or communities. It is a state of being separated from others, lacking companionship or meaningful communication, which can lead to feelings of loneliness and disconnection. Social isolation can be self-imposed or imposed by external factors such as mobility issues, loss of loved ones, or discrimination. Prolonged social isolation has been linked to various negative health outcomes, including mental health disorders, cognitive decline, and increased risk for chronic conditions like heart disease and stroke.

A criminal is an individual who has been found guilty of committing a crime or offense, as defined by law. Crimes can range from minor infractions to serious felonies and can include acts such as theft, fraud, assault, homicide, and many others. The legal system determines whether someone is a criminal through a formal process that includes investigation, arrest, charging, trial, and sentencing. It's important to note that being accused of a crime does not automatically make someone a criminal; they are only considered a criminal after they have been found guilty in a court of law.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "personality development" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a concept that is more commonly found in psychology and personal growth contexts. In those fields, personality development refers to the process by which a person's character, behaviors, thoughts, and patterns of emotion are formed, structured, and changed throughout their life. This process can be influenced by genetic factors, environmental influences, and individual experiences. If you have any questions related to mental health or psychology, I would be happy to try to help answer them!

In medical terms, "punishment" is a consequence or intervention that is intended to decrease the likelihood of an undesirable behavior occurring again in the future. It is often used in the context of behavioral therapy and modification, particularly for addressing maladaptive behaviors in individuals with developmental disorders, mental health conditions, or substance use disorders.

Punishment can take various forms, such as response cost (removal of a positive reinforcer), time-out (removal of access to reinforcement), or aversive stimuli (presentation of an unpleasant stimulus). However, it is important to note that punishment should be used judiciously and ethically, with careful consideration given to the potential negative consequences such as avoidance, escape, or aggression. Additionally, positive reinforcement (rewarding desirable behaviors) is generally considered a more effective and sustainable approach to behavior change than punishment alone.

I am not a medical professional, but I can provide you with some general information about parenting from a psychological and sociological perspective. Parenting is the process of promoting and supporting the physical, emotional, social, and intellectual development of a child or children. It involves caring for their daily needs, providing a safe and nurturing environment, setting boundaries and expectations, modeling appropriate behavior, and fostering healthy relationships and communication skills. Parents also help their children develop coping strategies, resilience, and self-esteem by encouraging them to explore their interests, express their feelings, and learn from their mistakes. Effective parenting often requires patience, consistency, empathy, and adaptability, as the needs and developmental stages of children can vary widely.

Psychological models are theoretical frameworks used in psychology to explain and predict mental processes and behaviors. They are simplified representations of complex phenomena, consisting of interrelated concepts, assumptions, and hypotheses that describe how various factors interact to produce specific outcomes. These models can be quantitative (e.g., mathematical equations) or qualitative (e.g., conceptual diagrams) in nature and may draw upon empirical data, theoretical insights, or both.

Psychological models serve several purposes:

1. They provide a systematic and organized way to understand and describe psychological phenomena.
2. They generate hypotheses and predictions that can be tested through empirical research.
3. They integrate findings from different studies and help synthesize knowledge across various domains of psychology.
4. They inform the development of interventions and treatments for mental health disorders.

Examples of psychological models include:

1. The Five Factor Model (FFM) of personality, which posits that individual differences in personality can be described along five broad dimensions: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.
2. The Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) model, which suggests that maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are interconnected and can be changed through targeted interventions.
3. The Dual Process Theory of Attitudes, which proposes that attitudes are formed and influenced by two distinct processes: a rapid, intuitive process (heuristic) and a slower, deliberative process (systematic).
4. The Social Cognitive Theory, which emphasizes the role of observational learning, self-efficacy, and outcome expectations in shaping behavior.
5. The Attachment Theory, which describes the dynamics of long-term relationships between humans, particularly the parent-child relationship.

It is important to note that psychological models are provisional and subject to revision or replacement as new evidence emerges. They should be considered as useful tools for understanding and explaining psychological phenomena rather than definitive truths.

In the context of medicine and public health, "socialization" typically refers to the process by which individuals learn and internalize the norms, values, attitudes, and behaviors that are considered appropriate within their particular cultural, social, or community group. This process is critical for developing a sense of identity, fostering social connections, and promoting mental and emotional well-being.

Socialization can have important implications for health outcomes, as individuals who are able to effectively navigate social norms and relationships may be better equipped to access resources, seek support, and make healthy choices. On the other hand, inadequate socialization or social isolation can contribute to a range of negative health outcomes, including depression, anxiety, substance abuse, and poor physical health.

Healthcare providers may play an important role in promoting socialization and addressing social isolation among their patients, for example by connecting them with community resources, support groups, or other opportunities for social engagement.

In the context of human behavior, grooming typically refers to the act of cleaning or maintaining one's own or another person's appearance or hygiene. However, in the field of forensic psychology and child protection, "grooming" has a specific meaning. It refers to the process by which an abuser gradually gains the trust of a potential victim, or the victim's family or friends, with the intent to manipulate or coerce the victim into sexual activity.

This can involve various behaviors such as complimenting, giving gifts, attention, and affection, gradually increasing in intimacy and inappropriateness over time. The grooming process can take place in person, online, or a combination of both. It's important to note that grooming is a criminal behavior and is often used by abusers to exploit and victimize children and vulnerable adults.

I believe you may have accidentally omitted the word "in" from your search. Based on that, I'm assuming you are looking for a medical definition related to the term "ants." However, ants are not typically associated with medical terminology. If you meant to ask about a specific condition or concept, please provide more context so I can give a more accurate response.

If you are indeed asking about ants in the insect sense, they belong to the family Formicidae and order Hymenoptera. Some species of ants may pose public health concerns due to their ability to contaminate food sources or cause structural damage. However, ants do not have a direct medical definition associated with human health.

The septal nuclei are a collection of gray matter structures located in the basal forebrain, specifically in the septum pellucidum. They consist of several interconnected subnuclei that play important roles in various functions such as reward and reinforcement, emotional processing, learning, and memory.

The septal nuclei are primarily composed of GABAergic neurons (neurons that release the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid or GABA) and receive inputs from several brain regions, including the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, and prefrontal cortex. They also send projections to various areas, including the thalamus, hypothalamus, and other limbic structures.

Stimulation of the septal nuclei has been associated with feelings of pleasure and reward, while damage or lesions can lead to changes in emotional behavior and cognitive functions. The septal nuclei are also involved in neuroendocrine regulation, particularly in relation to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the release of stress hormones.

Longitudinal studies are a type of research design where data is collected from the same subjects repeatedly over a period of time, often years or even decades. These studies are used to establish patterns of changes and events over time, and can help researchers identify causal relationships between variables. They are particularly useful in fields such as epidemiology, psychology, and sociology, where the focus is on understanding developmental trends and the long-term effects of various factors on health and behavior.

In medical research, longitudinal studies can be used to track the progression of diseases over time, identify risk factors for certain conditions, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions. For example, a longitudinal study might follow a group of individuals over several decades to assess their exposure to certain environmental factors and their subsequent development of chronic diseases such as cancer or heart disease. By comparing data collected at multiple time points, researchers can identify trends and correlations that may not be apparent in shorter-term studies.

Longitudinal studies have several advantages over other research designs, including their ability to establish temporal relationships between variables, track changes over time, and reduce the impact of confounding factors. However, they also have some limitations, such as the potential for attrition (loss of participants over time), which can introduce bias and affect the validity of the results. Additionally, longitudinal studies can be expensive and time-consuming to conduct, requiring significant resources and a long-term commitment from both researchers and study participants.

Bullying is a form of aggressive behavior in which someone repeatedly and intentionally causes harm or distress to another person, who has difficulty defending themselves. It can take various forms, including physical (e.g., hitting, kicking), verbal (e.g., name-calling, teasing), social (e.g., spreading rumors, deliberately excluding someone from a group), and electronic (e.g., cyberbullying through emails, text messages, or social media).

Bullying often involves an imbalance of power between the bully and the victim, and it can have serious negative effects on the emotional, psychological, and physical well-being of those who are targeted. It is important to note that bullying is not a normal part of growing up and should never be tolerated or ignored.

The anterior hypothalamic nucleus is a collection of neurons located in the rostral (front) part of the hypothalamus, a region of the brain that plays a crucial role in regulating various autonomic functions and behaviors. The anterior hypothalamic nucleus is involved in several physiological processes, including:

1. Temperature regulation: The anterior hypothalamic nucleus helps maintain body temperature within a normal range by integrating information from thermal receptors and modulating the activity of the autonomic nervous system to promote heat production or dissipation as needed.
2. Energy balance: This region is involved in regulating energy intake and expenditure through its connections with other hypothalamic nuclei, such as the arcuate nucleus, that control feeding behavior and metabolism.
3. Sleep-wake regulation: The anterior hypothalamic nucleus contains neurons that are active during wakefulness and contribute to arousal. It also contains sleep-promoting neurons that help facilitate transitions from wakefulness to sleep.
4. Stress response: The anterior hypothalamic nucleus is part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which regulates the body's stress response. It releases corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which stimulates the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the pituitary gland and ultimately leads to the production and release of cortisol, a steroid hormone involved in the stress response.
5. Emotional regulation: The anterior hypothalamic nucleus has connections with limbic structures such as the amygdala and hippocampus, which are involved in emotional processing. Dysfunction in this region has been implicated in mood disorders like depression and anxiety.

In summary, the anterior hypothalamic nucleus is a critical component of the hypothalamus that plays a significant role in regulating various physiological processes, including temperature regulation, energy balance, sleep-wake regulation, stress response, and emotional regulation.

... inter-male aggression, resident-intruder aggression, maternal aggression, species-specific aggression, sex-related aggression, ... including anti-predator aggression, defensive aggression (fear-induced), predatory aggression, dominance aggression, ... territorial aggression, isolation-induced aggression, irritable aggression, and brain-stimulation-induced aggression ( ... Frustration is another major cause of aggression. The Frustration aggression theory states that aggression increases if a ...
The types of aggression include dominance aggression, defensive aggression, predatory aggression and maternal aggression. ... Defensive aggression, also known as fear aggression or avoidance-motivated aggression, occurs when an individual approaches and ... Canine aggression may be influenced by a dog's age, sex, health and reproductive status. Canine aggression is one of the most ... Dog aggression expressed by dogs is considered to be normal behaviour and various types of aggression are influenced by a dog's ...
Much like redirected aggression in animals a target of aggression or provocation directs their anger at a third party. Usually ... Redirected aggression is a common form of aggression which can occur in multiple cat households. Usually there is some stimulus ... Displaced aggression, also referred to as redirected aggression, occurs when an animal or human is fearful or agitated by ... Displaced aggression can also be known as triggered displaced aggression which is defined by a person being triggered, or ...
... or ritualized fighting is when animals use a range of behaviours as posture or warning but without ... Ritualized aggression involves a graded series of behaviours or displays that include threatening gestures (such as ... The male toward which this is directed either responds with a display of his own, physical aggression, or flees. "Stink fights ... During encounters with rival males they may perform ritualized aggression by having a "stink fight". The males anoint their ...
... labeled as targeted aggression. The researchers observed interactions that included two people between targeted aggression and ... Verbal aggression has been identified as prominent in athletics. Coaches who exhibit verbal aggressive behavior may influence ... Customer verbal aggression can happen in places such as restaurants, retail stores, banks, etc. Walker, Jaarsveld, and ... As for the difference between sexes, males are more likely than females to use verbal aggression because males have been ...
Aggression may also refer to: Aggression (poker), plays such as opens, raises and a check-raise The Aggression, a 1988 German ... Look up aggression in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Aggression is overt or covert social interaction with the intention of ... against another moral agent War of aggression, a military conflict waged without international legality WWF Aggression, a 2000 ... film Agression (band), an American rock band Crime of aggression, the illegal use of state military force Non-aggression ...
Zur Naturgeschichte der Aggression, "So-called Evil: on the natural history of aggression") is a 1963 book by the ethologist ... G Borotha-Schoeler, 1963 ("So-called evil, Toward a Natural History of Aggression"). "On Aggression, by Konrad Lorenz". ... Konrad Lorenz (2002). On Aggression. Psychology Press. pp. 61-. ISBN 978-0-415-28320-5. Fischer, J. L. (1968). "On Aggression. ... "aggression gone wrong" in humans, mentioning the millions of deaths in world wars, aggression resembling (Driver argued) the ...
... is a specific type of aggression which occurs in the workplace. Workplace aggression is any type of ... followed by co-worker aggression and outsider aggression. Workplace aggression can have devastating effects on an ... Aggression can occur in a variety of situations. One important domain to understand aggression is in the workplace. Workplace ... For females, nonsexual aggression has been found to have a stronger impact on job satisfaction than sexual aggression. Also, ...
... (released in West Germany as Der Angriff and in France as L'agression) is a 1987 West German film. It is a ... The Aggression at IMDb v t e (CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl), CS1 German-language sources (de), Articles with short ...
Evolution of aggression can occur in fish due to their genetic makeup. To examine the relationship between aggression and ... and compared aggression levels. They observed that salmon fry with low genetic variation showed less aggression than the other ... Their levels of aggression increase more when the rates of sneaking by rival males go up too. The sneaking males enter the nest ... Aggression in fish can be increased by the effect of growth hormone, or GH, which has an essential growth factor in this ...
... , or playful aggression, is superficially aggressive behaviour caused by seeing something cute, such as a young ... The first research into cute aggression was led by Oriana Aragón. The term "cute aggression" was published widely in 2013, ... "playful aggression", defined as follows: Playful aggression is in reference to the expressions that people show sometimes when ... so we ask generally about things of this kind-calling them playful aggressions. The concept of playful aggression is also ...
... , alternative aggression, or relational bullying is a type of aggression in which harm is caused by ... Relational aggression may be either covert or direct, and is distinct from other forms of indirect aggression. It can be ... Different forms of aggression can also be used to control dynamics and sociometric status within a group. Sometimes aggression ... Relational aggression is defined as a type of aggression that is "intended to harm others through deliberate manipulation of ...
"Dutchcharts.nl - Kreator - Extreme Aggression" (in Dutch). Hung Medien. "Offiziellecharts.de - Kreator - Extreme Aggression" ( ... Extreme Aggression is the fourth studio album by German thrash metal band Kreator released in 1989. While the band had already ... Extreme Aggression was generally well received by modern critics. AllMusic writer Jason Anderson wrote, "The results are fierce ... Kreator Terrorzone: Extreme Aggression (CS1 German-language sources (de), Use dmy dates from May 2021, Articles with short ...
... is the tenth studio album by American heavy metal band Fear Factory, released on June 18, 2021. It is the ... Aggression Continuum also saw Fear Factory's lineup intact for the first time since Transgression (2005), with Mike Heller on ... "Review: Fear Factory - Aggression Continuum". Sputnikmusic.com. Retrieved June 19, 2021. "Dino Cazares Implies FEAR FACTORY Is ... "FEAR FACTORY Announces 'Aggression Continuum' Album; 'Disruptor' Single Due Next Week". Blabbermouth.net. April 9, 2021. ...
... is the fifth full-length studio album from American crossover thrash band, M.O.D. It was released in 1996 ...
... is a term used by indigenous peoples to refer to development projects that violate their human rights. ... "Development aggression called new form of human rights violation". December 20, 1994. "Indigenous peoples gather, update agenda ... Development Aggression as Economic Growth (PDF) (Report). Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact. 2012. Retrieved 7 November 2013. Doyle ... We call to stop any development aggression in our lands and territories as it kills every aspect of our life given by our ...
Such aggression is deceptive, as the low and unpaired ranks of the starting hand require much improvement to win. This is ... Aggression is called for in particular circumstances. Very strong starting hands should be played very aggressively most of the ... The appropriate amount of aggression can be computed using game theory, and depends on the game being played and the tendencies ... Most theorists, like David Sklansky and Doyle Brunson, suggest aggression as an important tool. Aggressive play should not be ...
"WWF Aggression - Various Artists". AllMusic. Retrieved October 7, 2015. WWF Aggression (Media notes). World Wrestling ... WWF Aggression was a commercial success. In the US, the album reached number eight on the US Billboard 200 and number ten on ... WWF Aggression is a soundtrack album by WWE (then known as the World Wrestling Federation, or WWF). Released on March 21, 2000 ... Stephen Thomas Erlewine of music website AllMusic categorised WWF Aggression in hip hop genres such as hardcore hip hop and ...
... at IMDb The Aggression Scale at Rotten Tomatoes (Articles with short description, Short description is ... The Aggression Scale is a 2012 action thriller film directed by Steven C. Miller. It stars Ray Wise, Dana Ashbrook, Derek Mears ... Home Alone-a film franchise with a similar premise List of films featuring home invasions "The Aggression Scale (2012)". Amazon ... scoring almost full marks on the aggression scale. His father was only able to get him discharged by using the money stolen ...
"Non-aggression pact of Gijón"). A non-aggression pact can also be a formal agreement or gentlemen's agreement limiting ... A non-aggression pact or neutrality pact is a treaty between two or more states/countries that includes a promise by the ... States with a history of rivalry tend to sign non-aggression pacts in order to prevent future conflict with one another. The ... In the context of association football, the term can imply a deliberate lack of aggression between two teams, such as at the ...
... can arise from both genetic and environmental factors. Aggression between cows is worse than that between ... Aggression in cattle is usually a result of fear, learning, and hormonal state, however, many other factors can contribute to ... It has also been proven however that aggression is not only performed in the protection of the offspring, but it can be ... It is proven that supplying feed and water to cattle that are housed together may be heavily associated with feed aggression ...
... (ART) is a cognitive behavioural intervention for reduction of aggressive and violent behaviour ... doi:10.1002/j.1556-6676.1987.tb00730.x. Goldstein, Arnold P.; Glick, Barry; Gibbs, John C. (1 January 1998). Aggression ... Glick, Barry; Goldstein, Arnold P. (1 March 1987). "Aggression Replacement Training". Journal of Counseling & Development. 65 ( ... ART Aggression Replacement Training Revised Edition - A comprehensive Intervention for Aggressive Youth, Research Press, ISBN ...
... is a double live album by Slayer, released on October 22, 1991, through Def American Records (later ... "Slayer - Decade of Aggression Live CD Album". CD Universe. Retrieved 2012-12-01. Christgau, Robert. "CG: Slayer". ... "Decade of Aggression - Slayer". AllMusic. "SLAYER: 'Soundtrack' Box Set Contents Revealed". Blabbermouth.net. Roadrunner ... 1991.{{cite AV media notes}}: CS1 maint: others in cite AV media (notes) (link) "Decade of Aggression: Live - Slayer". AllMusic ...
The frustration-aggression hypothesis, also known as the frustration-aggression-displacement theory, is a theory of aggression ... The frustration-aggression hypothesis implies that aggression is followed or triggered by a feeling of frustration as proposed ... In 1964, Leonard Berkowitz stated that it is necessary to have an aggression stimulus to make aggression take place. Then in ... Which is to say, extremely angry subject will show aggression even if the aggression cue is absent. The most provocative theory ...
The war of aggression and international law From Nuremberg to Kampala - Reflections on the Crime of Aggression, Address by ... The definition's distinction between an act of aggression and a war of aggression make it clear that not every act of ... Wikiquote has quotations related to War of aggression. Dinstein, Yoram. Aggression, Max Planck Encyclopedia of Public ... and war of aggression (which is "a crime against international peace"). Acts of aggression are defined as armed invasions or ...
... is the fourth solo album by video game music composer Frank Klepacki, released in 2006 and featuring, ...
The criminal prosecution of aggression is limited to the most serious acts of state aggression; non-state aggression, an even ... The criminalization of aggression is of recent origin, dating to after World War II, but the idea of aggression as a grave ... Aggression requires both a mens rea and actus reus. In terms of mens rea, Israeli jurist Yoram Dinstein argues that aggression ... 10, which defined aggression as follows: Initiation of invasions of other countries and wars of aggression in violation of ...
Mice aggression studies have led to some interesting insight in human aggression. Using reverse genetics, the DNA of genes for ... The genetic basis of aggression, however, remains poorly understood. Aggression is a multi-dimensional concept, but it can be ... incorrect assumptions about XYY and aggression-including psychology textbooks on aggression. The XYY genotype first gained wide ... In offense aggression in mice, males with the same or similar genotypes were more likely to fight than males that encountered ...
The non-aggression principle (NAP), also known as the non-aggression axiom, deals with the initiation or threatening of force ... Zero Aggression Project, a website devoted to teaching the concepts of the zero aggression principle with easy to use ... "The Non-Aggression Axiom of Libertarianism". Lew Rockwell. Retrieved 2016-03-22. "What is the "non-aggression principle"?". ... Even if we grant that taxation is aggression, and that aggression is generally wrong, is it really so obvious that the ...
... was released for Microsoft Windows on September 2, 2015. Reception Act of Aggression scored mixed-positive ... Act of Aggression is a 2015 real-time strategy game developed by Eugen Systems and published by Focus Home Interactive. The ... Act of Aggression is set in 2025, following the "Shanghai Crash", a global economic collapse engineered by the "Cartel" (a ... "Act of Aggression - Eugen Systems' new RTS - launches multiplayer pre-order beta today with new screenshots!". Gamasutra. July ...
... inter-male aggression, resident-intruder aggression, maternal aggression, species-specific aggression, sex-related aggression, ... including anti-predator aggression, defensive aggression (fear-induced), predatory aggression, dominance aggression, ... territorial aggression, isolation-induced aggression, irritable aggression, and brain-stimulation-induced aggression ( ... Frustration is another major cause of aggression. The Frustration aggression theory states that aggression increases if a ...
Non-aggression Pact (abbv. as N.A.P.) was an urban-electro-industrial music group from Tampa, Florida formed by Jeff Hillard ... Non-Aggression Pact - Cass, EP 1990 - Retroflex Records. *.5 Honkey/Wreckage + Ruin + & + Regrets + [Redemption] - Cass 1991, ... "Non-Aggression Pact broadcasts dark, techno beats on album". Daily Collegian. 29 January 1999. Retrieved 19 September 2021.. ... Repossessed/Non-Aggression Pact - 2xCass 1992, all cassette #1 (with cassette #2 feat. Xorcist) - GPC Productions ...
Feline Aggression Many people have experienced stinging cat scratches or the shocking pain of a deep cat bite. Most attacks ... Redirected aggression can also be triggered by other stressful events, such as a visit to the veterinary office. In this case, ... Minimize play aggression by dedicating time to interactive play every day. Never allow (train) them to attack your hands in ... Play aggression is a common problem in young cats, especially those living indoors without playmates. While sometimes this ...
New research suggests that testosterone may make us more aggressive without us consciously feeling any aggression. Christie ... Now research suggests that testosterone can make people more poised for aggression, even if theyre not feeling feisty. ... New research suggests that testosterone may make us more aggressive without us consciously feeling any aggression. Christie ...
... we hypothesized that water warming would heighten average individual aggression. Our findings support this hypothesis, ... Aggression. Aggression scores varied widely during the course of the experiment, with a wide range of aggressive displays, both ... Increased temperature led to increased aggression in our experiment (Table 2; Fig. 1). While total aggression scores did not ... While the effect of test rank (order) on aggression was inconsistent in relation to total aggression (Supplementary Fig. S2), ...
Listen to Decade of Aggression online and get recommendations on similar music. ... Read the Decade of Aggression wiki, detailing its background, how it features in Slayers career, and its style. ... Decade Of Aggression is a double live album by Slayer, released on October 22, 1991, through Def American Records (later ... it would be released as Decade of Aggression after Mötley Crüe copyrighted the name on their 1991 greatest hits album. It was ...
Our research into aggression and violence focuses on: *understanding aggression and violent behaviour and its relationship with ... application of the Dynamic Appraisal of Situational Aggression with an embedded aggression prevention protocol on aggression ... Aggression and Violent Behavior, 51. Doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2020.101364 Maguire, T., Daffern, M., Bowe, S. & McKenna, B. (2019 ... Aggression and violence We examine ways to develop violence prevention and intervention programs that can successfully reduce ...
Kerry condemns Russias act of aggression. Kerry delivers remarks on Ukraine crisis ...
"We are in contact with the people of Gaza and with Palestinians and we stand by them until we stop the aggression and we do not ... He further stated that "Egypt is acting in multiple arenas to put an end to the aggression, bring peace and establish a ... Egypts PM in Gaza denounces Israels attacks as aggression. Hesham Kandil meets Hamas PM Ismail Haniyeh; Gaza rocket fire ... "This tragedy cannot pass in silence and the world should take responsibility in stopping this aggression," he said, urging ...
Treating aggression between housemates. The good news is that aggression between housemates does appear to be treatable using ... For example, 40 percent have shown aggression to other dogs, 27 percent have shown aggression toward humans living in the ... Aggression Between Dogs in the Same Household What causes conflict between dogs living in the same home? Posted April 22, 2014 ... Aggression may not be their only problem since 50 percent of the pairs of dogs involved in conflicts had at least one member ...
As a rule, verbal aggression serves no one. Some people say its good to vent anger and frustration in a verbally aggressive ... Most people prone to verbal aggression often feel like they are on the witness stand being interrogated and attacked by a harsh ... But, when arguments are unavoidable, these seemingly more passive types often resort to verbal aggression. That is, they ...
Cite this: Too Much TV Linked to Aggression, Inattention in Kids - Medscape - Oct 04, 2012. ... children who watch too much television may be at increased risk of developing externalizing problems such as aggression or ... such as aggression and inattention, in preschoolers. ... Too Much TV Linked to Aggression, Inattention in Kids * 2001/ ...
Syria condemns the deployment of 150 US soldiers as an aggression against its sovereignty. ... Syria: Fresh Israeli aggression an attempt to obscure failure in Gaza. Syrias air defense confronts Israeli aggression near ... Syria condemns US troops deployment as blatant aggression Thursday, 28 April 2016 2:27 PM [ Last Update: Thursday, 28 April ... "The Syrian Arab Republic strongly condemns this blatant aggression, which represents a flagrant violation of Syrian sovereignty ...
Petro-Aggression: When Oil Causes War. While there has been much research on the effect of valuable natural resource extraction ... In Petro-Aggression: When Oil Causes War, Colgan finds that "petrostates" - countries where revenue from oil exports exceeds 10 ... In Petro-Aggression: When Oil Causes War, Colgan finds that "petrostates" - countries where revenue from oil exports exceeds ... As a result, petrostates with revolutionary leaders are 3.5 times more likely instigate aggression or conflict than non- ...
Re: Microsoft - Windows 10 aggression « Reply #1 on: February 04, 2016, 12:54 PM » ... Re: Microsoft - Windows 10 aggression « Reply #2 on: February 04, 2016, 07:46 PM » ... Re: Microsoft - Windows 10 aggression « Reply #3 on: February 04, 2016, 08:07 PM » ... Re: Microsoft - Windows 10 aggression « Reply #4 on: February 04, 2016, 08:09 PM » ...
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iStockDilemma Concept Stock Photo - Download Image Now - Initiative, Strategy, Aggression. Download this Dilemma Concept photo ...
A general policy debate on the consequences of the Russian Federations aggression against Ukraine will be at the centre of the ... In the context of this aggression, there has also been a request for an urgent debate on ensuring accountability for serious ...
Trumps aggression demands - and voters will more likely reward - real opposition. Call him on it before its too late. ...
Irish Premier Micheal Martin has warned of unprecedented nuclear risk from Russian aggression in Ukraine (PA) (PA Wire). ... The heightened nuclear risks from Russias aggression against Ukraine are unprecedented, the Irish premier has warned the ...
Firm, Unified Response Needed to Russias Aggression. By Andrew Firmin Reprint , , Print , ... Putins aggression will cause his country immense diplomatic and economic harm. Having extracted some potential concessions, ... But at the very least more states - and more global south states - should follow Kenyas lead and condemn Russias aggression, ... it should be clear that this is a war of aggression - a conflict without the justification of self-defence - which is one of ...
US Military Aggression Against Venezuela Escalating. Venezuelan President Hugo Chávez revealed today on his Sunday television ... the US has utilized these classifications to justify an increase in aggression towards the Venezuelan government. In 2008, the ...
We discuss the five types of feline aggression and offer tips on treating behavioral issues. ... Play Aggression. Play aggression is when fun time escalates to aggression. This is commonly seen in bottle-raised kittens and ... Territorial Aggression. This type of aggression is seen in cats that feel like their personal space is being invaded and is ... Tips for Solving Aggression Issues Between Household Cats. Here are general tips for dealing with feline aggression:. *Spay and ...
A Call to Resist Saudi (and US) Aggression in Yemen. A Call to Resist Saudi (and US) Aggression in Yemen. This invasion pits ... Lets take a stand against this war of aggression and American complicity. ...
President, one year ago, citing gross violations by Russia in its aggression against Ukraine, the General Assembly voted to ...
The looming age of US aggression. By Stephen KinzerOctober 30, 2016, 12:00 a.m. ...
The researchers measured aggression, before and after the respondents took the test, by asking them how aggressive they felt on ... Researchers put alcohol and pot to the aggression test. Scientists in the Netherlands conduct a random controlled trial in ... What about a link between marijuana use and aggression? Most pot smokers will tell you that marijuana helps them relax. The ... But surprisingly, research on the link between marijuana and aggression has been mixed. Marijuana seems to make most people ...
Occurring as primary aggression and as a symptom of other psychiatric disorders, aggression is both common and destructive-of ... Aggression: Clinical Features and Treatment Across the Diagnostic Spectrum addresses the role aggression plays in intermittent ... Part II: Aggression in Other Psychiatric Disorders. *Chapter 3. Aggression in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other ... Chapter 4. Aggression in Disruptive Behavioral Disorders Beginning in Childhood. *Chapter 5. Aggression in Primary Psychotic ...
abduction abuse aggression armed conflict child abuse children childrens rights Conference of NGOs (CoNGO) crime crime ... International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression. It is a sad reality that in situations where armed conflict ... access to healthcare aggression armed conflict child abuse children childrens rights criminal justice diplomacy domestic ... International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression. In recent years, the number of violations perpetrated against ...
  • Aggression is hostile and antagonistic behavior, often with the intent to cause harm, although it can be channeled into creative and practical outlets for some. (wikipedia.org)
  • Predatory or defensive behavior between members of different species may not be considered aggression in the same sense. (wikipedia.org)
  • Feline aggression can be part of a frustrating pattern of behavior for pet owners, and it can be directed towards humans in the household, as well as household pets. (petplace.com)
  • Aggression is a well-studied, multidimensional phenomenon that may be parsed by cognition, affect, and behavior. (appi.org)
  • ON K2C 2B5 613-725 3715 Aggression and Violent Behavior Clinical Psychology Review Aggressive Behavior International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology (author request) USA EDITOR: George B. Palermo, M.D., M.Sc.Crim. (kennys.ie)
  • Violence is used only when describing human behavior and denotes physical aggression by one person against another. (medscape.com)
  • The heightened nuclear risks from Russia's aggression against Ukraine are unprecedented, the Irish premier has warned the United Nations. (yahoo.com)
  • But, when arguments are unavoidable, these seemingly more passive types often resort to verbal aggression. (selfgrowth.com)
  • As a rule, verbal aggression serves no one. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Most people prone to verbal aggression often feel like they are on the witness stand being interrogated and attacked by a harsh prosecutor. (selfgrowth.com)
  • Although rates of electronic aggression are lower than rates of physical and verbal aggression, these rates seem to be increasing. (cdc.gov)
  • In humans, aggression can denote verbal aggression, physical aggression against objects, or physical aggression against people. (medscape.com)
  • When antecedent becomes consequent: an examination of temporal order of job dissatisfaction and verbal aggression exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • The current study builds upon this past research by examining the temporal direction of the relationship between verbal aggression exposure and job satisfaction. (cdc.gov)
  • Specifically, through the lens of emotional contagion theory, we suggest that low levels of job satisfaction in employees are detectable by others, which in turn leads them to engage in verbal aggression directed toward those employees. (cdc.gov)
  • To test this postulation, 309 emergency medical professionals completed surveys that assessed verbal aggression exposure and job satisfaction across three time points. (cdc.gov)
  • Results of cross-lagged structural equation model tests showed a significant job satisfaction to verbal aggression path over time, but a nonsignificant verbal aggression to job satisfaction path over time. (cdc.gov)
  • Additionally, results support the postulation that job satisfaction leads to physical strain outcomes through verbal aggression exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Overall, results suggest that job satisfaction may serve as a predictor of verbal aggression exposure rather than a result within high stakes environments such as the emergency medical services. (cdc.gov)
  • MIAMI - Medications in development for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) target specific behaviors, such as impulsive aggression, and genes that involve the glutamatergic network, new research shows. (chadd.org)
  • The work can be very meaningful, but many PSWs must prepare for, monitor, and manage challenging behaviors, including aggression. (cdc.gov)
  • Physical demands of work were the most prevalent reported primary safety concern, followed by challenging behaviors (including aggression). (cdc.gov)
  • The chapter on anxiety disorders highlights the prevalence of aggression, hostility, irritability, and anger in patients with these disorders, noting that these individuals may be at increased risk due to genetic sensitivity to stress. (appi.org)
  • This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of aggression experienced by PSWs in Oregon, and compare it to a previous sample of Oregon home care workers (HCWs). (cdc.gov)
  • Classification may also encompass aggression-related emotions (e.g. anger) and mental states (e.g. impulsivity, hostility). (wikipedia.org)
  • These categories do not encompass all possible causes of aggression and some cats can have a combination of multiple categories leading to their aggression. (petplace.com)
  • It is designed to help school personnel become more aware of the causes of aggression and ways to evaluate it and intervene before it turns to violence in the schools. (virtualeduc.com)
  • Like traditional forms of youth violence, electronic aggression is associated with emotional distress and conduct problems at school. (cdc.gov)
  • parents and caregivers that educates them about school policies on electronic aggression, recent incidents in the Visit the websites your child frequents, and assess the community involving electronic aggression, and resources pros and cons. (cdc.gov)
  • Berkowitz extended this frustration-aggression hypothesis and proposed that it is not so much the frustration as the unpleasant emotion that evokes aggressive tendencies, and that all aversive events produce negative affect and thereby aggressive tendencies, as well as fear tendencies. (wikipedia.org)
  • The results in the present study support the hypothesis that acute alcohol intoxication increases feelings of aggression and that acute cannabis intoxication reduces feelings of aggression," the researchers conclude. (pressherald.com)
  • We demonstrate that the activity of individual VMHvlPR neurons in the mouse hypothalamus represents aggression performed by self and others. (bvsalud.org)
  • Research on violence from a range of disciplines lend some support to a distinction between affective and predatory aggression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Acts of aggression and violence - including assault, homicide and sexual violence - represent some of the most harmful of all antisocial behaviours. (edu.au)
  • Given the extent of the burden resulting from aggression and violence and the large proportion of prisoner populations who have been convicted of violent crimes, it is critical we devote attention and resources to the development of violence prevention and intervention programs. (edu.au)
  • This course includes topics on violence, aggression in the classroom, youth gangs, aggression in sports and on television, how drugs and alcohol play a role in aggression and violence, and "hot spots" that tend to breed aggression and violence. (virtualeduc.com)
  • Increasing numbers of adolescents are becoming embraced by young people and has led to expanding victims of this new form of violence--electronic knowledge, social networks, and vocabulary that aggression. (cdc.gov)
  • Aggression and violence : a psycho/biological and clinical approach, proceedings of the First Saint Vincent Special Conference, October 14-15, 1980 / editors, L. Valzelli and L. Morgese. (who.int)
  • Workplace violence is characterized by any work-related aggression or challenge to workers' safety, health, or well-being from intimidation, abuse, or attack [9],[10]. (cdc.gov)
  • A general policy debate on the consequences of the Russian Federation's aggression against Ukraine will be at the centre of the spring plenary session of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) , to be held in hybrid format from 25 to 28 April 2022. (coe.int)
  • Mr. President, one year ago, citing gross violations by Russia in its aggression against Ukraine, the General Assembly voted to remove that country from this Council. (unwatch.org)
  • As to the developments in Ukraine, during the previous conflicts, Vladimir Putin pursued the so-called salami slicing strategy, when regular but seemingly less significant acts of aggression and cuts gradually deprive the opponent of all its initial salami in the long run. (bank.lv)
  • On 19 August 1982, at its emergency special session on the question of Palestine, the General Assembly, "appalled at the great number of innocent Palestinian and Lebanese children victims of Israel's acts of aggression", decided to commemorate 4 June of each year as the International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression . (ngocongo.org)
  • In definitions commonly used in the social sciences and behavioral sciences, aggression is an action or response by an individual that delivers something unpleasant to another person. (wikipedia.org)
  • The book emphasizes that although abnormal psychobiological systems, including neurochemistry and neural circuits, may increase the risk of behavioral aggression, influences associated with genetics, epigenetics, and environmental forces are also extremely important, and these are discussed in-depth in each chapter. (appi.org)
  • Maternal aggression can be placed in this category because the mother cat is protecting her young from intrusions of others. (cathealth.com)
  • In humans, aggression can be caused by various triggers. (wikipedia.org)
  • For example, 40 percent have shown aggression to other dogs, 27 percent have shown aggression toward humans living in the household, and 27 percent toward human strangers. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Aggression is used for both humans and animals. (medscape.com)
  • We received with great concern the reports about the entry of 150 American soldiers to the Syrian territory of Rumeilan," said the official, adding, "The Syrian Arab Republic strongly condemns this blatant aggression, which represents a flagrant violation of Syrian sovereignty. (presstv.ir)
  • They found, first of all, that "alcohol intoxication increased subjective aggression in the alcohol group. (pressherald.com)
  • Levels of subjective anger and aggression during the preceding week were assessed in each patient, and the odds ratios were calculated for each disorder. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Aggression and anger may play a role in the onset and maintenance of eating disorders, complicating clinical presentation and influencing prognosis and treatment. (appi.org)
  • This study sought to evaluate the degree of anger and aggression experienced by psychiatric outpatients and to determine whether anger is as prominent an emotional state in these patients as are depression and anxiety. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Major depressive disorder, bipolar I disorder, intermittent explosive disorder, and cluster B personality disorders independently contributed to the presence of both anger and aggression. (psychiatrist.com)
  • Two broad categories of aggression are commonly distinguished. (wikipedia.org)
  • This type of aggression is seen in cats that feel like their personal space is being invaded and is commonly seen against other household pets. (petplace.com)
  • There is some evidence that dogs involved in aggressive situations with the dogs they live with do have a tendency to show aggression in other situations. (psychologytoday.com)
  • This is a type of aggression that stems from uncomfortable situations and stimuli, like loud noises. (petplace.com)
  • After incidents of dog aggression in a couple of trials in the spring of 2008, the USCA Judges Committee was tasked with presenting a policy that USCA will follow to address any further situations that arise. (germanshepherddog.com)
  • While touring on the Clash of the Titans tour to promote the 1990 studio album Seasons in the Abyss , separate sections of the Decade of Aggression album were recorded on October 14, 1990, March 8, 1991, and July 13, 1991, however, AllMusic said that Rick Rubin's production 'seems to be in terms of shaping the live sound to make it sound like this is all one gig. (last.fm)
  • Undoubtedly, this will have devastating effects not only on Russia (and its ally in the act of aggression - Belarus) but will also have an adverse effect on the economy of the imposers of sanctions - Western countries and Latvia. (bank.lv)
  • The researchers measured aggression, before and after the respondents took the test, by asking them how aggressive they felt on a 100-point scale. (pressherald.com)
  • In the first of two studies presented here at the American Society of Clinical Pharmacology (ASCP), researchers reported on improvements in the management of impulsive aggression in children with ADHD with long-term therapy, lasting more than 6 months, of extended-release molindone (SPN-810, Supernus) as an adjunct to stimulant monotherapy. (chadd.org)
  • New research suggests that testosterone may make us more aggressive without us consciously feeling any aggression. (scientificamerican.com)
  • This critique explodes the stereotypical assumption that men are more prone than women to physical aggression by presenting a cogent and holistic assessment of the theoretical positions and research concerning female aggression. (kennys.ie)
  • One includes affective (emotional) and hostile, reactive, or retaliatory aggression that is a response to provocation, and the other includes instrumental, goal-oriented or predatory, in which aggression is used as a means to achieve a goal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Now research suggests that testosterone can make people more poised for aggression, even if they're not feeling feisty. (scientificamerican.com)
  • October 4, 2012 - Preschool-aged children who watch too much television may be at increased risk of developing externalizing problems such as aggression or inattention, new research suggests. (medscape.com)
  • To Wilson almost 100 years ago, aggression and annexation was the antithesis of America. (antiwar.com)
  • A number of classifications and dimensions of aggression have been suggested. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite no substantive evidence to prove such dangerous accusations, the US has utilized these classifications to justify an increase in aggression towards the Venezuelan government. (venezuelanalysis.com)
  • The reality is that the Kosovo, Georgia, and Crimea episodes were all acts of aggression. (antiwar.com)
  • The Western response has so far also been similar, kind of a sanction slicing, responding with effectively minor and regular additional sanctions to those acts of aggression. (bank.lv)
  • At times, aggression towards oneself (self-mutilation, suicidal gestures or acts) is included in the definition. (medscape.com)
  • Cogent, compelling, and clinically rich, Aggression: Clinical Features and Treatment Across the Diagnostic Spectrum examines aggression in its myriad forms and manifestations while offering cutting-edge guidance on assessment and treatment. (appi.org)
  • PSWs generally reported higher rates of exposure to aggression compared to HCWs. (cdc.gov)
  • Aggression: Clinical Features and Treatment Across the Diagnostic Spectrum addresses the role aggression plays in intermittent explosive disorder (IED), referred to as primary aggression, and in a host of other psychiatric disorders-from autism to posttraumatic stress. (appi.org)
  • Occurring as primary aggression and as a symptom of other psychiatric disorders, aggression is both common and destructive-of property, relationships, and the social order. (appi.org)
  • The chapter on eating disorders addresses aggression, both self- and other-directed, and provides measures with sound psychometric properties for assessing eating disorder psychopathology and aggression. (appi.org)
  • This comparison included an analysis of relationships between exposures to aggression and psychological health factors. (cdc.gov)
  • The key to preventing this type of aggression is identifying the types of stimuli that trigger it and avoiding them. (petplace.com)
  • These findings provide statistical support for anecdotal reports (from as early as 1958) of rabid coyotes showing aggression ( 6 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The hostile declarations from various Washington representatives during the past few weeks, accusing Venezuela of failure to combat narcotics operations, violating human rights, 'not contributing to democracy and regional stability', and of being the 'regional anti-US leader', form part of a coordinated campaign that seeks to justify a direct aggression against Venezuela. (strike-the-root.com)
  • But surprisingly, research on the link between marijuana and aggression has been mixed. (pressherald.com)
  • Federal Minister for Home Affairs Brendan O'Connor summed up the review of existing research, saying, "The review found that evidence about the effect of violent computer games on the aggression displayed by those who play them is inconclusive. (gamesradar.com)
  • An example of hostile aggression would be a person who punches someone who insulted him or her. (wikipedia.org)
  • We are in contact with the people of Gaza and with Palestinians and we stand by them until we stop the aggression and we do not accept under any circumstances the continuation of this aggression on the Strip," he said. (ynetnews.com)
  • In this paper, we explore the association of delusional misidentification and aggression in an individual suffering from Alzheimer's disease. (astm.org)
  • He further stated that "Egypt is acting in multiple arenas to put an end to the aggression, bring peace and establish a Palestinian state. (ynetnews.com)
  • Israeli authorities are stepping up aggression in the South Hebron Hills, particularly in response to Palestinian migrant laborers. (cpt.org)
  • In the context of this aggression, there has also been a request for an urgent debate on ensuring accountability for serious violations of international humanitarian law . (coe.int)
  • Play aggression is when fun time escalates to aggression. (petplace.com)
  • MENAFN ) Serbian President Aleksandar Vucic has warned that his country will never forget the "aggression" perpetrated by the United States-led NATO in 1999, which resulted in the bombing campaign of Yugoslavia. (menafn.com)
  • Given linkages that have been established between temperature and individual behaviour in fish and other animals, we hypothesized that water warming would heighten average individual aggression. (nature.com)
  • And a provocative new book, Kissinger and Cyprus: A Study in Lawlessness , by former Nixon Administration official Eugene Rossides, makes a solid case that the administration aided and abetted Ankara's aggression. (antiwar.com)
  • Aggression in dementia of the Alzheimer's type may be associated with psychotic symptoms, particularly delusional misidentification phenomena. (astm.org)
  • Putin's aggression will cause his country immense diplomatic and economic harm. (ipsnews.net)