Agglutination tests. Medical search

Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Passive agglutination tests in which antigen is adsorbed onto latex particles which then clump in the presence of antibody specific for the adsorbed antigen. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

The clumping together of suspended material resulting from the action of AGGLUTININS.

Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.

A genus of aerobic, helical spirochetes, some species of which are pathogenic, others free-living or saprophytic.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Agglutination of spermatozoa by antibodies or autoantibodies.

Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

A severe form of LEPTOSPIROSIS, usually caused by LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS SEROVAR ICTEROHAEMORRHAGIAE and occasionally other serovars. It is transmitted to humans by the rat and is characterized by hemorrhagic and renal symptoms with accompanying JAUNDICE.

Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

The aggregation of ERYTHROCYTES by AGGLUTININS, including antibodies, lectins, and viral proteins (HEMAGGLUTINATION, VIRAL).

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that causes BRUCELLOSIS. Its cells are nonmotile coccobacilli and are animal parasites and pathogens. The bacterium is transmissible to humans through contact with infected dairy products or tissue.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.

Substances, usually of biological origin, that cause cells or other organic particles to aggregate and stick to each other. They include those ANTIBODIES which cause aggregation or agglutination of particulate or insoluble ANTIGENS.

Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.

A genus of question mark-shaped bacteria spirochetes which is found in fresh water that is contaminated by animal urine. It causes LEPTOSPIROSIS.

A disease of cattle caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA leading to abortion in late pregnancy. BRUCELLA ABORTUS is the primary infective agent.

Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which immunoprecipitation occurs when antigen at the cathode is caused to migrate in an electric field through a suitable medium of diffusion against a stream of antibody migrating from the anode as a result of endosmotic flow.

Positive test results in subjects who do not possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of healthy persons as diseased when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.

Enzymes that cause coagulation in plasma by forming a complex with human PROTHROMBIN. Coagulases are produced by certain STAPHYLOCOCCUS and YERSINIA PESTIS. Staphylococci produce two types of coagulase: Staphylocoagulase, a free coagulase that produces true clotting of plasma, and Staphylococcal clumping factor, a bound coagulase in the cell wall that induces clumping of cells in the presence of fibrinogen.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

A bright bluish pink compound that has been used as a dye, biological stain, and diagnostic aid.

A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes visceral leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). The sandfly genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia are the vectors.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.

A species of gram-negative bacteria infecting DOGS, the natural hosts, and causing canine BRUCELLOSIS. It can also cause a mild infection in humans.

An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.

A genus of protozoa parasitic to birds and mammals. T. gondii is one of the most common infectious pathogenic animal parasites of man.

EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.

A species of the genus BRUCELLA whose natural hosts are cattle and other bovidae. Abortion and placentitis are frequently produced in the pregnant animal. Other mammals, including humans, may be infected.

Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

A test to detect non-agglutinating ANTIBODIES against ERYTHROCYTES by use of anti-antibodies (the Coombs' reagent.) The direct test is applied to freshly drawn blood to detect antibody bound to circulating red cells. The indirect test is applied to serum to detect the presence of antibodies that can bind to red blood cells.

Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.

Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.

Negative test results in subjects who possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of diseased persons as healthy when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

A hemoflagellate subspecies of parasitic protozoa that causes Gambian or West African sleeping sickness in humans. The vector host is usually the tsetse fly (Glossina).

Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.

A serovar of the bacterial species LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS, whose primary host is RATS.

Antibodies found in adult RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS patients that are directed against GAMMA-CHAIN IMMUNOGLOBULINS.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

The type (and only) species of RUBIVIRUS causing acute infection in humans, primarily children and young adults. Humans are the only natural host. A live, attenuated vaccine is available for prophylaxis.

A country in northeastern Africa. The capital is Khartoum.

A type of affinity chromatography where ANTIBODIES are used in the affinity capture reaction on the solid support, in the mobile phase, or both.

Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)

Gram-negative aerobic rods, isolated from surface water or thermally polluted lakes or streams. Member are pathogenic for man. Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent for LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

Inflammation of the lymph nodes.

A mitosporic Tremellales fungal genus whose species usually have a capsule and do not form pseudomycellium. Teleomorphs include Filobasidiella and Fidobasidium.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Techniques used in studying bacteria.

Non-susceptibility of a microbe to the action of METHICILLIN, a semi-synthetic penicillin derivative.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

A protein present in the cell wall of most Staphylococcus aureus strains. The protein selectively binds to the Fc region of human normal and myeloma-derived IMMUNOGLOBULIN G. It elicits antibody activity and may cause hypersensitivity reactions due to histamine release; has also been used as cell surface antigen marker and in the clinical assessment of B lymphocyte function.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

Infection with a fungus of the species CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.

A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces "African sleeping sickness." Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.

Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.

Serologic tests in which a known quantity of antigen is added to the serum prior to the addition of a red cell suspension. Reaction result is expressed as the smallest amount of antigen which causes complete inhibition of hemagglutination.

Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.

The cause of TETANUS in humans and domestic animals. It is a common inhabitant of human and horse intestines as well as soil. Two components make up its potent exotoxin activity, a neurotoxin and a hemolytic toxin.

The study of parasites and PARASITIC DISEASES.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

A republic in southern Africa, southwest of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and west of ZAMBIA. Its capital is Luanda.

A species of the genus BRUCELLA whose natural hosts are sheep and goats. Other mammals, including humans, may be infected. In general, these organisms tend to be more virulent for laboratory animals than BRUCELLA ABORTUS and may cause fatal infections.

The oldest recognized genus of the family PASTEURELLACEAE. It consists of several species. Its organisms occur most frequently as coccobacillus or rod-shaped and are gram-negative, nonmotile, facultative anaerobes. Species of this genus are found in both animals and humans.

Techniques used to carry out clinical investigative procedures in the diagnosis and therapy of disease.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the NASOPHARYNX. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL). It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype.

A watery fluid that is continuously produced in the CHOROID PLEXUS and circulates around the surface of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and in the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.

Agglutination of ERYTHROCYTES by a virus.

A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccoid bacteria. Its organisms occur singly, in pairs, and in tetrads and characteristically divide in more than one plane to form irregular clusters. Natural populations of Staphylococcus are found on the skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Some species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals.

A bacterium which causes mastitis in cattle and occasionally in man.

A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.

A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that causes MELIOIDOSIS. It has been isolated from soil and water in tropical regions, particularly Southeast Asia.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.

Interstitial pneumonia caused by extensive infection of the lungs (LUNG) and BRONCHI, particularly the lower lobes of the lungs, by MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE in humans. In SHEEP, it is caused by MYCOPLASMA OVIPNEUMONIAE. In CATTLE, it may be caused by MYCOPLASMA DISPAR.

Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.

A milky, product excreted from the latex canals of a variety of plant species that contain cauotchouc. Latex is composed of 25-35% caoutchouc, 60-75% water, 2% protein, 2% resin, 1.5% sugar & 1% ash. RUBBER is made by the removal of water from latex.(From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). Hevein proteins are responsible for LATEX HYPERSENSITIVITY. Latexes are used as inert vehicles to carry antibodies or antigens in LATEX FIXATION TESTS.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Diseases of domestic and wild horses of the species Equus caballus.

Polysaccharides consisting of mannose units.

The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)

A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms occur in pairs or chains. No endospores are produced. Many species exist as commensals or parasites on man or animals with some being highly pathogenic. A few species are saprophytes and occur in the natural environment.

A gram-positive organism found in the upper respiratory tract, inflammatory exudates, and various body fluids of normal and/or diseased humans and, rarely, domestic animals.

Antibodies elicited in a different species from which the antigen originated. These antibodies are directed against a wide variety of interspecies-specific antigens, the best known of which are Forssman, Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D), and Paul-Bunnell (P-B). Incidence of antibodies to these antigens--i.e., the phenomenon of heterophile antibody response--is useful in the serodiagnosis, pathogenesis, and prognosis of infection and latent infectious states as well as in cancer classification.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is the etiologic agent of TYPHOID FEVER.

Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.

A species of HAEMOPHILUS found on the mucous membranes of humans and a variety of animals. The species is further divided into biotypes I through VIII.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Narrow pieces of material impregnated or covered with a substance used to produce a chemical reaction. The strips are used in detecting, measuring, producing, etc., other substances. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Method of tissue preparation in which the tissue specimen is frozen and then dehydrated at low temperature in a high vacuum. This method is also used for dehydrating pharmaceutical and food products.

Short filamentous organism of the genus Mycoplasma, which binds firmly to the cells of the respiratory epithelium. It is one of the etiologic agents of non-viral primary atypical pneumonia in man.

Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.

A disease of humans and animals that resembles GLANDERS. It is caused by BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI and may range from a dormant infection to a condition that causes multiple abscesses, pneumonia, and bacteremia.

Techniques used to demonstrate or measure an immune response, and to identify or measure antigens using antibodies.

Substances that are toxic to the intestinal tract causing vomiting, diarrhea, etc.; most common enterotoxins are produced by bacteria.

Infections of the nervous system caused by bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS, and marked by prominent inflammation of the MENINGES. HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B is the most common causative organism. The condition primarily affects children under 6 years of age but may occur in adults.

The etiologic agent of CHOLERA.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.

A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.

Substances that are toxic to cells; they may be involved in immunity or may be contained in venoms. These are distinguished from CYTOSTATIC AGENTS in degree of effect. Some of them are used as CYTOTOXIC ANTIBIOTICS. The mechanism of action of many of these are as ALKYLATING AGENTS or MITOSIS MODULATORS.

Incorrect diagnoses after clinical examination or technical diagnostic procedures.

Small uniformly-sized spherical particles, of micrometer dimensions, frequently labeled with radioisotopes or various reagents acting as tags or markers.

Bacterial proteins that share the property of binding irreversibly to PENICILLINS and other ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS derived from LACTAMS. The penicillin-binding proteins are primarily enzymes involved in CELL WALL biosynthesis including MURAMOYLPENTAPEPTIDE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; PEPTIDE SYNTHASES; TRANSPEPTIDASES; and HEXOSYLTRANSFERASES.

Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.

The study of serum, especially of antigen-antibody reactions in vitro.

A genus of REOVIRIDAE, causing acute gastroenteritis in BIRDS and MAMMALS, including humans. Transmission is horizontal and by environmental contamination. Seven species (Rotaviruses A thru G) are recognized.

Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.

A genus of PASTEURELLACEAE that consists of several species occurring in animals and humans. Its organisms are described as gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, coccobacillus or rod-shaped, and nonmotile.

A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The etiologic agent of TULAREMIA in man and other warm-blooded animals.

A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.

One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.

The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissible to another susceptible host.

Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Diseases of domestic and mountain sheep of the genus Ovis.

Any of numerous agile, hollow-horned RUMINANTS of the genus Capra, in the family Bovidae, closely related to the SHEEP.

Nonsusceptibility of an organism to the action of penicillins.

Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases.

An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.

An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

A bacterial vaccine for the prevention of brucellosis in man and animal. Brucella abortus vaccine is used for the immunization of cattle, sheep, and goats.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065)

Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.

Precipitin tests which occur over a narrow range of antigen-antibody ratio, due chiefly to peculiarities of the antibody (precipitin). (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Serological classification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a slide agglutination test. (1/1654)

Serological classification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the slide agglutination test with live organisms was studied, based on the O antigen schema adopted by the international expert panel sponsored by the Subcommittee on Pseudomonas and Related Organisms of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. The typing results obtained by the slide test with well-absorbed O sera were identical to those obtained by the conventional tube agglutination test with autoclaved organisms. Most O antigens occur singly; but O2, O5, and O16 occur in four combinations. Antigens O13 and O14 are closely related, as are O7 and O8, and it would be convenient to classify organisms possessing these antigens collectively as O7,8 and O13,14. (+info)

Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from primary cultures by a slide agglutination test. (2/1654)

Hen antigonococcal lipopolysaccharide hen serum was used in a simple slide agglutination test for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from primary isolates. (+info)

Differential immunodiagnosis between cystic hydatid disease and other cross-reactive pathologies. (3/1654)

We assessed an Echinococcus granulosus hydatid fluid antigen-ELISA (EgHF-ELISA) as a serologic prescreening test for E. granulosus infections, supplemented by more specific confirmatory tests, including arc-5 immunoprecipitation and antigen B subunit 8-kD immunoblotting. The diagnostic sensitivity of the EgHF-ELISA was 91%. With regard to the test specificity of the EgHF-ELISA (overall = 82%), we observed relatively frequent cross-reactions in tumor patients (6%) and in patients with other parasitic diseases. Cestode-related cross-reactivity can be resolved by the complementary use of E. multilocularis-specific antigens or Taenia solium cysticercosis-specific immunoblotting. Immunoblotting based upon the detection of antibody reactivity to the 8-kD antigen of EgHF, or if appropriately detectable, to the 29-kD and 34-kD bands exhibited a 91% diagnostic sensitivity and an overall specificity of 97% or 94%, respectively. Thus, immunoblotting provided a 99% discrimination between seropositive pre-operative cystic hydatid disease cases and cross-reactive non-cestode parasitic infections or malignancies. (+info)

Acute Chagas' disease in western Venezuela: a clinical, seroparasitologic, and epidemiologic study. (4/1654)

A clinical, parasitologic, and serologic study carried out between 1988 and 1996 on 59 acute-phase patients in areas of western Venezuela where Chagas' disease is endemic showed 19 symptomatic patterns or groups of symptoms appearing in combination with different frequencies. The symptomatic pattern with the highest frequency was that showing simultaneously fever, myalgia, headache, and Romana's sign, which was detected in 20% of the acute-phase patients. Asymptomatic individuals and patients with fever as the only sign of the disease made up 15% and 11.9% of the total acute cases, respectively. Statistical correlation analysis revealed that xenodiagnosis and hemoculture were the most reliable and concordant of the five parasitologic methods used; these two methods also showed the highest proportions in detecting any clinical symptomatic pattern in acute-phase patients. A similar high reliability and concordance was obtained with a direct agglutination test, an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test, and an ELISA as serologic tests, which also showed a higher proportion of positive detection of clinical patterns than parasitologic methods (P < 0.001). It is recommended that individuals coming from endemic areas showing mild and/or severe clinical manifestations should be suspected of being in contact or having been in contact with Trypanosoma cruzi, be referred for parasitologic and serologic evaluations to confirm the presumptive clinical diagnosis of acute Chagas' disease, and start specific treatment. The epidemiologic implications of the present findings are discussed and the use of similar methodology to evaluate other areas where Chagas' disease is endemic is suggested. (+info)

Antibodies reactive with the N-terminal domain of Plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen inhibit cell proliferation by agglutinating merozoites and schizonts. (5/1654)

The serine repeat antigen (SERA) is a vaccine candidate antigen of Plasmodium falciparum. Immunization of mice with Escherichia coli-produced recombinant protein of the SERA N-terminal domain (SE47') induced an antiserum that was inhibitory to parasite growth in vitro. Affinity-purified mouse antibodies specific to the recombinant protein inhibited parasite growth between the schizont and ring stages but not between the ring and schizont stages. When Percoll-purified schizonts were cultured with the affinity-purified SE47'-specific antibodies, schizonts and merozoites were agglutinated. Indirect-immunofluorescence assays with unfixed parasite cells showed that SE47'-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) bound to SERA molecules on rupturing schizonts and merozoites but the IgG did not react with the schizont-infected erythrocytes (RBC). Furthermore, double-fluorescence staining against SE47'-specific IgG and anti-human RBC membrane IgG showed that the RBC membrane disappeared from SE47'-specific-IgG-bound schizonts after cultivation. These observations suggest that the SE47'-specific antibodies inhibit parasite growth by cross-linking SERA molecules that are associated with merozoites in rupturing schizonts with partly broken RBC and parasitophorous vacuole membranes, blocking merozoite release. (+info)

Three cases of canine leptospirosis in Quebec. (6/1654)

Three dogs from different locations with acute renal failure were hospitalized in autumn 1996 and 1997. Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was detected by the microscopic agglutination test. All dogs recovered after antibiotic treatment. The importance of the development of vaccines adapted to emerging serovars in dogs should be addressed. (+info)

Lectins as membrane components of mitochondria from Ricinus communis. (7/1654)

1. Mitochondria were isolated from developing endosperm of Ricinus communis and were fractionated into outer membrane and inner membrane. The relative purity of the two membrane fractions was determined by marker enzymes. The fractions were also examined by negative-stain electron microscopy. 2. Membrane fractions were sequentially extracted in the following way. (a) Suspension in 0.5M-potassium phosphate, pH7.1; (b)suspension in 0.1M-EDTA (disodium salt)/0.05M-potassium phosphate, pH7.1; (c) sonication in 0.05M-potassium phosphate, pH7.1;(d)sonication in aq. Triton X-100 (0.1%). The membranes were pelleted by centrifugation at 100 000g for 15 min, between each step. Agglutination activity in the extracts was investigated by using trypsin-treated rabbit erythrocytes. 3. The addition of lactose to inner mitochondrial membrane resulted in the solubilization of part of the lectin activity, indicating that the protein was attached to the membrane via its carbohydrate-binding site. Pretreatment of the membranes with lactose before tha usual extraction procedure showed that lactose could extract lectins that normally required more harsh treatment of the membrane for solubilization. 4. Lectins extracted from inner membranes were purified by affinity chromatography on agarose gel. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of purified samples in sodium dodecyl sulphate indicated that at least part of the lectin present in inner mitochondrial membrane was identical with the R. communis agglutinin of mol.wt. 120 000. (+info)

An immunoblotting procedure comprising O = 9,12 and H = d antigens as an alternative to the Widal agglutination assay. (8/1654)

AIMS: To compare the established Widal agglutination assay with an immunoblotting procedure. METHODS: 110 sera were used to compare the established Widal agglutination assay with an immunoblotting procedure incorporating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (O = 9,12) and flagellar (H = d) antigens. RESULTS: Antibodies to the LPS antigens were detected in 18 sera by the Widal assay and in 37 by immunoblotting. Antibodies to the flagellar antigens were detected in 27 sera by Widal assay and in 25 by immunoblotting. CONCLUSIONS: An immunoblotting procedure incorporating O = 9,12 LPS and H = d flagellar antigens was rapid and more sensitive than the established Widal agglutination assay for providing evidence of infection with S typhi. (+info)

Saslaw, Samuel; Campbell, Charlotte C. (1949). "A Collodion Agglutination Test for Histoplasmosis". Public Health Reports. 64 ( ... At Walter Reed she performed serological tests diagnosing cases of Histoplasmosis capsulati, blastomycosis, and ... "A Comparison between Histoplasmin and Blastomycin by the Collodion Agglutination Technique". Public Health Reports. 64 (9): 290 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlotte_C._Campbell

Evaluation of a latex agglutination test". The American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 86 (2): 208-11. doi:10.1093/ajcp/86.2. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficile_toxin_A

Barsoum, I. S.; Awad, A. Y. (1972). "Microtiter plate agglutination test for Salmonella antibodies". Applied Microbiology. 23 ( ... Simulated distillation, a type of gas chromatography testing method used in the petroleum, can be automated via robotics. An ... testing). Many laboratory robots are commonly referred as autosamplers, as their main task is to provide continuous samples for ... companies employ robots to move biological or chemical samples around to synthesize novel chemical entities or to test ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_robotics

"Agglutination test definition, Types, Uses, Advantages, Disadvantages". Microbiology Note. 2020-06-29. Retrieved 2021-02-21. " ... Conversely, agglutination can also be used to identify new bacteria or cells with a specific antigen by exposing them to serum ... When an agglutinin is added to a uniform suspension of particles, such as bacteria or blood, in a test tube (in vitro), ... Agglutination, using blood agglutinins known as hemagglutinins, is used diagnostically to identify blood types of human beings ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agglutinin

Other tests include various fluorescence assays, indirect hemagglutination, (PCR) and latex agglutination. An ELISA technique ... However, routine testing of all pregnant women is costly and the need for testing should therefore be evaluated on a case-by- ... Phenotypic resistance testing involves cultivation of the virus in cell culture and testing its susceptibility using different ... but have negative test results for hepatitis A, B, and C. For best diagnostic results, laboratory tests for CMV antibody should ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_betaherpesvirus_5

In an agglutination test, a person's serum (which contains antibodies) is added to a test tube, which contains a particular ... Since the antibodies do not bridge between antigens, no agglutination occurs. Because no agglutination occurs, the test is ... This phenomenon is also seen in serological tests for Brucellosis. The serological test is mainly seen in the precipitation ... If the antibodies agglutinate with the antigen to form immune complexes, then the test is interpreted as positive. However, if ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hook_effect

"Latex agglutination test for detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii". J Clin Microbiol 1988;26(11):2444-46. McNeil C, ... In 1974, Wentz launched Gull Laboratories as a one-man operation and developed a test for diagnosing Epstein-Barr virus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron_W._Wentz

ELISA and the Slide Agglutination Test are used for serological diagnosis. Antibiotics are effective at treating and preventing ... Vertical transmission is difficult to prevent, but males can be tested before breeding and eggs can be dipped in a Tylosin bath ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma_meleagridis

Agglutination of red blood cells is used in the Coombs test. Cold agglutinin disease Hemagglutination assay Neuraminidase ... Agglutination is one of three steps in the more complex process of coagulation.) Agglutination mostly happens when adding ... non-agglutination) and that of blood mixed with antibody reagents (agglutination) using a waveguide-mode sensor. As a result, ... Besides, what is the most important about this technique is the fact that it is able to detect weak agglutinations, which are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemagglutinin

Thailand also uses direct immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT) and latex agglutination. In IFAT, both B. pseudomallei antigen ... This means that many people without symptoms will test positive in serology tests in endemic areas. In Thailand, the ... However, other tests such as C-reactive protein and procalcitonin levels are not reliable in predicting the severity of ... It is also aerobic and oxidase test positive. A vacuole at the centre of the bacterium makes it resemble a "safety pin" when ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melioidosis

"Response of Treponema pallidum Particle Agglutination Test Titers to Treatment of Syphilis". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 56 ( ... Serology includes two types of antibody test: Nontreponemal antibody test and Treponemal antibody test (specific test). The ... This stage can be diagnosed through specific tests in serology. The nonspecific tests may be negative. At this point, there is ... The Treponemal antibody test (specific test) confirms with FTA-ABS (Fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption). Brain imaging ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningeal_syphilis

The antibody displays a characteristic pattern of mixed-field agglutination during testing. Under the microscope, small, shiny ... test positive through urine testing.:224 The Sd(a++) phenotype is rare, especially in Europe, but may be more common in East ... Urine testing is considered the most reliable method for determining a person's Sid blood type.:505-6 Antibodies against the Sd ... Anti-Sd(a) is not known to cause hemolytic disease of the newborn.:687 Approximately 91% of people test positive for Sd(a) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sid_blood_group_system

Rosenthal, Stanley A; Furnari, Domenica (1958). "Slide Agglutination as a Presumptive Test in the Laboratory Diagnosis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebaceous_gland

"Identification of Deer Testes and Penis and its Counterfeiting Products by Immuno-agglutination Testing." CHINESE ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deer_penis

... latex and slide agglutination tests. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is the reference test for the diagnosis of ... ELISA and microscopic agglutination tests are most commonly used to diagnose leptospirosis in animals. The bacteria can be ... This test can quickly determine the diagnosis and help in early treatment. However, the test specificity depends upon the type ... the modified Faine's criteria was proposed in 2004 to include ELISA and slide agglutination tests which are easier to perform. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptospirosis

The test detects the prevention of agglutination of HCG-coated latex particles by HCG present in the urine of pregnant women. ... Gravindex is an agglutination inhibition test performed on a urine sample to detect pregnancy. It is based on double antigen ... If agglutination occurs, the subject is not pregnant. If the level of HCG is high, the HCG will bind to the antibodies, and ... If no agglutination occurs, the subject is pregnant. Advantages : It gives result in 5 to 30 minutes Disadvantages : ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravindex

A lack of agglutination or hemolysis indicates a negative test reaction, or compatible match.:603 ISCM is not appropriate in ... Cross-matching or crossmatching is a test performed before a blood transfusion as part of blood compatibility testing. Normally ... where a donor's blood is tested prior to donation) and testing done on blood samples from the intended recipient. This includes ... Presence of agglutination indicates incompatibility. Occasionally a light microscope may be needed. If laboratory services are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-matching

Another common laboratory test is a rapid latex agglutination test that detects the PBP2a protein. PBP2a is a variant ... Rapid culture and sensitivity testing and molecular testing identifies carriers and reduces infection rates. It is especially ... However, in 2011, a variant of vancomycin was tested that binds to the lactate variation and also binds well to the original ... ISBN 978-1-904455-18-9. Seiken D. "MRSA latex test for PBP2". Murray P (2007). Manual of clinical microbiology. Washington, D.C ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus

November 2007). "Accuracy of Burkholderia pseudomallei identification using the API 20NE system and a latex agglutination test ... Disc diffusion tests are unreliable when looking for co-trimoxazole resistance in B. pseudomallei (they greatly overestimate ... In Thailand, a latex agglutination assay is widely used, while a rapid immunofluorescence technique is also available in a ... For environmental specimens only, differentiation from the nonpathogenic B. thailandensis using an arabinose test is necessary ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkholderia_pseudomallei

Specifically, C. fetus can be detected from cervicovaginal mucus using an agglutination test or ELISA. C. jejuni can be treated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bovine_campylobacteriosis

... abnormal postcoital test. Several tests are presently available including sperm immobilization test, sperm agglutination tests ... Hemizona test is a test to evaluate sperm zona-binding capacity. In this test, the two halves of human zona pellucida is ... One of the most informative and specific tests is immunobead rosette test which can identify different antibody classes ... Men who scored high on a battery of intelligence tests tended to have higher counts of healthy sperm, while low scorers tended ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semen_quality

Bacteria may be detected beneath the seedcoat by means of a combined cultural and slide agglutination test. Bean seed from ... Since most plant pathogens are Gram-negative detection of Gram-positive bacterium, using methods such as the KOH test, is a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtobacterium_flaccumfaciens

Slide agglutination test using specific antiserum is needed for a confirmative identification of the microorganism (Romalde, ... The presumptive identification of the pathogen is based on standard biochemical tests. In addition, although Ph. damselae subsp ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photobacterium_damselae_subsp._piscicida

"Determining the serotype of isolated Salmonella strains in the veterinary sector using the rapid slide agglutination test". J. ... The antigen O is tested with a bacterial suspension from an agar plate, whereas the antigen H is tested with a bacterial ... The traditional method for determining the antigen formula is agglutination reactions on slides. The agglutination between the ... The scheme classifies the serovar depending on its antigen formula obtained via the agglutination reactions. Additional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotype

Another common laboratory test is a rapid latex agglutination test that detects the PBP2a protein. PBP2a is a variant ... Rapid culture and sensitivity testing and molecular testing identifies carriers and reduces infection rates.[70] It is ... MRSA resistance to oxacillin being tested. The top S. aureus isolate is a control that is not resistant to oxacillin; the other ... Tacconelli E, De Angelis G, de Waure C, Cataldo MA, La Torre G, Cauda R (September 2009). "Rapid screening tests for meticillin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRSA

Blood testing for the mother is called an indirect Coombs test (ICT) or an indirect agglutination test (IAT). This test tells ... This blood test is non-invasive to the fetus and is an easy way of checking antigen status and risk of HDN. Testing has proven ... Fetal antigen status can be tested as early as 15 weeks by PCR of fetal cells. CVS is possible as well to test fetal antigen ... This test is run from cord blood. In some cases, the direct Coombs will be negative but severe, even fatal HDN can occur. An ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolytic_disease_of_the_newborn_(anti-RhE)

Oxidase and catalase tests are positive for most members of the genus Brucella. Serum agglutination with a titer > 1:160 in the ... developed the agglutination test, diagnostic of the disease. In 1905, Zammit, a Maltese physician, identified goats as the ... five patients with positive ELISA had a negative tube agglutination test. In the setting of Brucella arthritis, the synovial- ... PCR testing for fluid and tissue samples other than blood has also been described. A history of animal contact is pivotal; in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella

Banchuin, N; Janyapoon, K; Sarntivijai, S; Parivisutt, L (1992). "Re-evaluation of ELISA and latex agglutination test for ... RF is tested by collecting blood in a plain tube (5 mL is often enough). The serum is tested for the presence of RF. There are ... It is still referred to as the Waaler-Rose test. Falkenburg, W.J.J. (November 2015). "IgG Subclass Specificity Discriminates ... Waaler, Erik (2009). "On the Occurrence of a Factor in Human Serum Activating the Specific Agglutination of Sheep Blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheumatoid_factor

The latex particle agglutination test (LAT) is a more sensitive method to detect H. influenzae than is culture. Because the ... 2007). "Incidence of bacterial meningitis in Asia using enhanced CSF testing: polymerase chain reaction, latex agglutination ... However, antibiotic sensitivity testing is not possible with LAT alone, so a parallel culture is necessary. Polymerase chain ... Lab tests showed neutrophils exposed to dead H. influenzae were more aggressive in attacking S. pneumoniae than unexposed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilus_influenzae

Agglutination is primarily used when the sample is obtained from a vaginal mucous wash, and the test may reach a sensitivity of ... and vaginal mucus agglutination test (VMAT). Diagnosis depends on isolation of the causative agent under microaerophilic ... enzyme linked immunosorbent assays and vaginal mucus agglutination testing. As vaccines are typically not efficient in ... Once cultured, molecular tests can be performed to obtain a more accurate diagnosis. Measuring IgA antibodies in vaginal mucus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campylobacter_fetus

... the agglutination to the noun of an erstwhile article (in French), see Standquist (2005), Wittmann & Fournier (1981). ... Mauritian Creole test of Wikipedia at Wikimedia Incubator. Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mauritian ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritian_Creole

Romani and Domari share some similarities: agglutination of postpositions of the second Layer (or case marking clitics) to the ... Speaking in 1993, Václav Havel prophetically remarked that "the treatment of the Roma is a litmus test for democracy": and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsies

Neither ACTH stimulation testing[71] nor random cortisol levels are recommended to confirm the diagnosis.[6] The method of ... If a person has an arterial catheter, arterial blood is recommended for blood glucose testing.[6] ... The same review found the sensitivity of the test to be 77% and the specificity to be 79%. The authors suggested that ... antibiotics are immediately started and are either changed to target a specific organism identified by diagnostic testing or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepsis

... with positive erythrocyte-in-saline-agglutination test indicating an immune-mediated component to the haemolysis. Common ... PCR testing is used in conjunction with blood film examination and possibly serologic testing.[9] ... Serologic testing for antibodies against Babesia (both IgG and IgM) can detect low-level infection in cases with a high ... The definitive diagnostic test is the identification of parasites on a Giemsa-stained thin-film blood smear.[9] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babesiosis

It is done by serological methods like latex agglutination or slide agglutination. ELISA may be performed to detect the exact ... A positive test usually is ,200 units/mL,[1] but normal ranges vary from laboratory to laboratory and by age.[2] ... To detect the titre value, by a non-ELISA method, one has to perform the above agglutination using a serial dilution technique ... is a measure of the blood plasma levels of antistreptolysin O antibodies used in tests for the diagnosis of a streptococcal ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antistreptolysin

Product safety testing : Sterility (bacteria and fungi), In vitro and in vivo testing for adventitious viruses, Murine ... Agglutination, in which antibodies "glue together" foreign cells into clumps that are attractive targets for phagocytosis ... Preclinical pharmacology and toxicity testing : Preclinical safety testing of antibody is designed to identify possible ... Animal toxicity studies : Acute toxicity testing, Repeat-dose toxicity testing, Long-term toxicity testing http://www. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antibody

Signs of hemolytic disease of the newborn include a positive direct Coombs test (also called direct agglutination test), ... After Birth Testing[edit]. *Coombs - after birth baby will have a direct Coombs test run to confirm the antibodies attached to ... This test is run on the infant's cord blood.[25]. In some cases, the direct Coombs will be negative but severe, even fatal HDN ... Bilirubin should be tested from cord blood.[25]. *Ferritin - because most infants affected by HDN have iron overload, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemolytic_disease_of_the_fetus_and_newborn

Of high risk in kidney transplants is rapid clumping, namely agglutination, of red blood cells (RBCs or erythrocytes), as an ... Though cytotoxic-crossmatch assay can predict rejection mediated by cellular immunity, genetic-expression tests specific to the ... organ type to be transplanted, for instance AlloMap Molecular Expression Testing, have a high negative predictive value. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_rejection

A new and, at the time, more realistic test for the effectiveness of disinfectants, the Chick-Martin test, was also devised and ... The Conditions controlling the Agglutination of Proteins already acted upon by Hot Water". Journal of Physiology. 45: 261-95. ... In 1915, she briefly went to the Lister Institute in Elstree to test and bottle tetanus antitoxin for the army. She returned to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriette_Chick

The first study testing MOS in poultry showing an improvement in performance was peer-reviewed published in 2001. It showed an ... These reductions were likely due to the agglutination or binding of Vibrio cells to MOS mediated by the presence of mannose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannan_oligosaccharide-based_nutritional_supplements

A second rapid test (called latex agglutination test) gave correct, positive results in 64% of the people with the disease and ... June 2006). "Serological diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis: direct agglutination test versus rK39 strip test". Trans. ... A 2014 Cochrane review evaluated different rapid diagnostic tests. One of them (the rK39 immunochromatographic test) gave ... "A meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of the direct agglutination test and rK39 dipstick for visceral leishmaniasis". ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visceral_leishmaniasis

This also prevents agglutination (clotting) of phagocytes by antibody when there is no antigen. After a pathogen has been bound ... the current paradigm that T cells do not express FcRs and these findings were never challenged and experimentally tested.[45] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fc_receptor

The study of the interaction of the immune system with cancer cells can lead to diagnostic tests and therapies with which to ... However, the similarity between some antigens can lead to false positives and other errors in such tests by antibodies cross- ... Jaspan HB, Lawn SD, Safrit JT, Bekker LG (February 2006). "The maturing immune system: implications for development and testing ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunologist

A radioallergosorbent test (RAST) is a blood test using radioimmunoassay test to detect specific IgE antibodies, to determine ... Allergy Blood Testing - Lab Tests Online. *Radioallergosorbent+Test at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject ... However, skin testing techniques have improved. Most skin testing does not involve needles and typically skin testing results ... when compared with skin prick testing. In general, this method of blood testing (in-vitro, out of body) vs skin-prick testing ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAST_test

... and direct agglutination test. Although these tests are readily available, they are not the standard diagnostic tests due to ... Several different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are available for the detection of Leishmania DNA.[3] With this assay, ... The most sensitive PCR tests use minicircle kinetoplast DNA found in the parasite. Kinetoplast DNA contains sequences for ... visceral disease can be diagnosed by blood tests.[3] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leishmaniasis

A Corning study showed that half of U.S. scientists did not test for Mycoplasma contamination in their cell cultures. The study ... The P1 receptor is also expressed on erythrocytes which can lead to autoantibody agglutination from mycobacteria infection.[21] ... of those routinely tested were contaminated (study page 6). Since the U.S. contamination rate was based on a study of companies ... also stated that, in former Czechoslovakia, 100% of cell cultures that were not routinely tested were contaminated while only 2 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycoplasma

... such as treponemal pallidum particle agglutination (TPHA) or fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test (FTA-Abs).[2] ... Blood tests are divided into nontreponemal and treponemal tests.[20] Nontreponemal tests are used initially, and include ... Because of the possibility of false positives with nontreponemal tests, confirmation is required with a treponemal test, ... and testing must be done within 10 minutes of acquiring the sample.[20] Two other tests can be carried out on a sample from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tertiary_syphilis

As with all assays, empirical testing is required to determine which method is optimal for a given application. ... Agglutination. *Hemagglutination/Hemagglutinin *Coombs test. *Latex fixation test. Other. *Diagnostic immunology. *Nephelometry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoprecipitation

Various other specialized tests may be used to distinguish between different types of meningitis. A latex agglutination test ... Blood tests and imaging[edit]. If someone is suspected of having meningitis, blood tests are performed for markers of ... but it may be used if other tests are not diagnostic. Similarly, the limulus lysate test may be positive in meningitis caused ... The most important test in identifying or ruling out meningitis is analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid through lumbar puncture ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis

Ito ang batayan ng pagsusuring Widal (Widal test) para sa mga lagnat na enteriko at magkakatulad, na ipinakilala ni Alheryanong ... 1.0 1.1 Robinson, Victor, Ph.C., M.D. (patnugot). (1939). "Agglutination". The Modern Home Physician, A New Encyclopedia of ... Ang aglutinasyon (Ingles: agglutination) ay ang pagkukumpul-kumpol ng mga korpusel (korpuskulo) ng dugo o ng mga bakterya. ...

https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aglutinasyon

... thrombodynamics test.. *Other: TCT, bleeding time, mixing test (whether an abnormality corrects if the patient's plasma is ... Agglutination (biology). ReferencesEdit. *^ .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{ ... results in an abnormally prolonged aPTT test but a normal PT test. The exceptions are prothrombin, fibrinogen, and some ... Common: aPTT, PT (also used to determine INR), fibrinogen testing (often by the Clauss method), platelet count, platelet ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_coagulation

A latex fixation test, also called a latex agglutination assay or test (LA assay or test), is an assay used clinically in the ... Agglutination tests, specific to a variety of pathogens, can be designed and manufactured for clinicians by coating microbeads ... if the test supplied the antigen) or that the specimen contains the pathogen's antigen (if the test supplied the antibody). ... and observe for agglutination (clumping). Agglutination of the beads in any of the dilutions is considered a positive result, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latex_fixation_test

2007). "Incidence of bacterial meningitis in Asia using enhanced CSF testing: polymerase chain reaction, latex agglutination ... Në këtë test, lëngu qumështor antitrupit të mbuluar janë të ndryshme në motra klinike; aglutinimi ndodh nëse PRP është prezent ... Ky test ka përdorime të limituara sepse mund të detektohet vetëm H.nfluenze tipi b. Tjerat serotipe kapsulare dhe jokapsulare ...

https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haemophilus

... thrombodynamics test.. *Other: TCT, bleeding time, mixing test (whether an abnormality corrects if the patient's plasma is ... Agglutination (biology). ReferencesEdit. *^ David Lillicrap; Nigel Key; Michael Makris; Denise O'Shaughnessy (2009). Practical ... results in an abnormally prolonged aPTT test but a normal PT test. The exceptions are prothrombin, fibrinogen, and some ... Common: aPTT, PT (also used to determine INR), fibrinogen testing (often by the Clauss method), platelet count, platelet ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation

... that can be detected directly in intact bacteria using latex agglutination tests.[6] The CAMP test is also another important ... Positive CAMP test indicated by the formation of an arrowhead where Streptococcus agalactiae meets the Staphylococcus aureus ( ... Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA hybridization probes have been ... broth is subcultured to blood agar plates and GBS like colonies are identified by the CAMP test or using latex agglutination ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptococcus_agalactiae

The latex agglutination test is a laboratory method to check for certain antibodies or antigens in a variety of body fluids ... The latex agglutination test is a laboratory method to check for certain antibodies or antigens in a variety of body fluids ... Discomfort during the test. *Headache after the test that can last a few hours or days. If headaches last more than a few days ... Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003334.htm

A direct agglutination test (DAT) is any test that uses whole organisms as a means of looking for serum antibodies. The ... 2006). "Serological diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis: direct agglutination test versus rK39 strip test". Trans R Soc ... abbreviation, DAT, is most frequently used for the serological test for visceral leishmaniasis. Sundar S, Singh RK, Maurya R, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_agglutination_test

The latex agglutination test is a laboratory method to check for certain antibodies or antigens in a variety of body fluids. ... Follow instructions on how to prepare for the test.. Why the Test is Performed. This test is a quick way to determine the ... The latex agglutination test is a laboratory method to check for certain antibodies. or antigens. in a variety of body fluids ... Latex agglutination results take about 15 minutes to an hour.. How to Prepare for the Test. Your health care provider may tell ...

https://www.ucsfhealth.org/medical-tests/003334

tube agglutination test synonyms, tube agglutination test pronunciation, tube agglutination test translation, English ... dictionary definition of tube agglutination test. n. 1. The act or process of agglutinating; adhesion of distinct parts. 2. A ... clumped mass of material formed by agglutination. Also called agglutinate . ... Related to tube agglutination test: Widal test, slide agglutination test. ag·glu·ti·na·tion. (ə-glo͞ot′n-ā′shən). n.. 1. The ...

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tube+agglutination+test

Improved microtechnique for the leptospiral microscopic agglutination test.. Cole JR Jr, Sulzer CR, Pursell AR. ... whereas the original Galton microtechnique and the original MA test agreed in a maximum of 77% of the tests. This study ... The results obtained by comparing positive test data from human and animal sera indicated that agreement between the original ... Simultaneous titrations were performed on 281 animal and human sera and 17 hyperimmune sera with the microscopic agglutination ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4736794?dopt=Abstract

... Yussaira Castillo,1 Masato ... L. W. George and L. E. Carmichael, "A plate agglutination test for the rapid diagnosis of canine brucellosis," The American ... D. M. Myers, V. M. Varela Diaz, and E. A. Coltorti, "Comparative sensitivity of gel diffusion and tube agglutination tests for ... M. Kimura, K. Imaoka, M. Suzuki, T. Kamiyama, and A. Yamada, "Evaluation of a Microplate Agglutination Test (MAT) for ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2014/348529/ref/

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https://www.medline.com/product/StrepPro-Grouping-Latex-Agglutination-Tests-by-Hardy-Diagnostics/Z05-PF255794

Find your identification and confirmation solution from one of the largest portfolios of latex agglutination products in the ... Identify a wide range of species and Legionella pneumophila serogroups from culture with a trusted name in latex agglutination. ... With a wide range of organisms and organism types, you can find solutions that test from human and food samples, blood culture ... Find your identification and confirmation solution from one of the largest portfolios of latex agglutination products in the ...

http://www.thermofisher.com/fr/fr/home/industrial/microbiology/microbial-identification/latex-agglutination-testing.html

Shop a large selection of Staphylococcus Aureus Testing products and learn more about Thermo Scientific Staphaurex Latex ... Staphaurex Latex Agglutination Test. 400 Tests/Kit. 2°C to 8°C. Pack of 400 for $688.28 N/A Due to product restrictions, please ... Staphaurex Latex Agglutination Test. 120 Tests/Kit. 2°C to 8°C. Pack of 120 for $249.90 N/A Due to product restrictions, please ... strong agglutination of the latex particles. Proven Performance *Rely on tried-and-true tests with more than 50 years of ...

https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/remel-staphaurex-diagnostic-tests/p-4529287

Kala-azar: a comparative study of parasitological methods and the direct agglutination test in diagnosis.. Zijlstra EE1, Ali MS ... There was no relation between titres in the direct agglutination test and parasite load as determined by the number of ... In 6 (13%) of 46 patients tested, parasites were found, all by splenic aspiration. Bone marrow showed parasites in one of these ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1475815?dopt=Abstract

Read more about the technique, preparation and risks involved in the test. ... The Latex agglutination test is also called as latex fixation test. ... Medical Health Tests Medical Tests Latex Agglutination Test Technique and Risks Associated With Latex Agglutination Test. ... The Latex agglutination technique is used in this test, and it is popular because results can be derived very quickly, in ...

http://www.medicalhealthtests.com/medical-tests/latex-agglutination-test.html

What is latex agglutination test? Meaning of latex agglutination test as a legal term. What does latex agglutination test mean ... Definition of latex agglutination test in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. ... agglutination. (redirected from latex agglutination test). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Financial, ... Identification was confirmed by detection of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) by latex agglutination test (PBP2 Test Kit ...

https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/latex+agglutination+test

Nonspecific agglutination in test and control latex samples of both the phage-based test and Pastorex occurred with one S. ... Among CoNS, nonspecific agglutination of test and control samples in both the phage-based test and Pastorex was observed with ... The test was considered positive if clearly visible agglutination was observed with the test latex. The bacteriophage-based ... For each test isolate, one drop of test latex from a dropper bottle was placed into a circle of a paper test card and one drop ...

https://jcm.asm.org/content/52/9/3394.full

The test used to analyze the variation on the clumping ability of the antigen when it reacted with an antibody placed on the ... surface of latex particles is called latex agglutination test. The agglutination react... ... The reaction between a specific antibody and antigen results in visible clumping is called agglutination. ... From the test type segment, latex agglutination test for antigen expected to boost the demand of the latex agglutination test ...

https://www.pharmiweb.com/press-release/2020-10-20/the-latex-agglutination-test-market-to-stay-astute-amidst-economic-slowdown

Chappel RJ, Goris M, Palmer MF, Hartskeerl RA. Impact of proficiency testing on results of the microscopic agglutination test ... Background: The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is commonly used for the diagnosis of canine leptospirosis. In dogs it is ... The reference method for the serologic diagnosis of leptospirosis is the microscopic agglutination test (MAT).2,4,17 To perform ... Detection of antibodies against Leptospira serovars via microscopic agglutination tests in dogs in the United States, 2000-2007 ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0704.x/full?globalMessage=0

Furthermore, the heterophil agglutination tests should include absorption with guinea pig kidney and beef cell antigens ... PROBABLE INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS WITHOUT POSITIVE HETEROPHIL AGGLUTINATION TESTS1 SIDNEY LEIBOWITZ, M.D., F.A.C.P. ... LEIBOWITZ S. PROBABLE INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS WITHOUT POSITIVE HETEROPHIL AGGLUTINATION TESTS1. Ann Intern Med. ;44:717-737. ... would reveal positive heterophil agglutination tests. This statement requires some clarification: from the serologic viewpoint ...

http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/676192/probable-infectious-mononucleosis-without-positive-heterophil-agglutination-tests

We evaluated the recently described differential agglutination test (HS/AC test) to differentiate recently acquired toxoplasma ... Differential agglutination test for diagnosis of recently acquired infection with Toxoplasma gondii.. B R Dannemann, W C ... Differential agglutination test for diagnosis of recently acquired infection with Toxoplasma gondii. ... Differential agglutination test for diagnosis of recently acquired infection with Toxoplasma gondii. ...

https://jcm.asm.org/content/28/9/1928?ijkey=79b7f93b052983eff03b4fb42f75db10ea105cfd&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...

https://ard.bmj.com/content/24/3/246.info

Common causes of Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test symptom from a list of 1 total causes of symptom Rheumatoid ... Causes of Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test. *Common causes of Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test ... Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test. *Videos about Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test ... All Causes of Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test The full list of all possible causes for Rheumatoid arthritis ...

https://www.rightdiagnosis.com/symptoms/rheumatoid_arthritis_particle_agglutination_test/common.htm

The latex agglutination test is useful as a screen for toxoplasma infection but false positive reactions do occur. Patients at ... latex agglutination reactions were not confirmed in the dye test. These discrepant results were associated with an unspecified ...

http://jcp.bmj.com/content/42/2/200

Moreover, any operational guideline on DAT use has to consider the critical dependency of the predictive values of the test on ... The fundamental methodologic problem in VL test validation is the absence of a reliable gold standard. ... While corroborating previously reported sensitivity and specificity estimates of this serodiagnostic test, this study examined ... The validity of the direct agglutination test (DAT) for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was studied with a standardized field kit ...

http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.129

A total of 84% were tested for HIV and 34% were HIV positive. Sensitivity of the rK39 test in parasitologically confirmed VL ... was compared with splenic aspiration and the direct agglutination test (DAT) in a population with a high prevalence of ... A diagnostic algorithm combining DAT and the rK39 test had a sensitivity of 98% in HIV-positive VL patients and 99% in HIV- ... Despite the lower sensitivity in a population with a high prevalence of HIV, the DiaMed-IT-Leish ® rK39 test enables ...

http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2009.80.929

Trypsin treatment of Leishmania promastigote antigen has proved to be indispensible in the direct agglutination test (DAT) for ... Trypsin treatment of Leishmania promastigote antigen has proved to be indispensible in the direct agglutination test (DAT) for ... Evaluation of cleaving agents other than trypsin in direct agglutination test for further improving diagnosis of visceral ... and predictive value of a positive or negative test in DAT were 100%. Sera from patients who formerly had VL and who had been ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7559934/

3. In preliminary agglutination tests twenty-one out of thirty-one cultures from the patients and nine out of twenty-three ... 4. By reciprocal agglutination and absorption of agglutinin tests, six of these strains were demonstrated to be antigenically ... RECIPROCAL AGGLUTINATION AND ABSORPTION OF AGGLUTININ TESTS WITH FIFTY-FOUR STRAINS OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI ASSOCIATED WITH ... RECIPROCAL AGGLUTINATION AND ABSORPTION OF AGGLUTININ TESTS WITH FIFTY-FOUR STRAINS OF HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI ASSOCIATED WITH ...

http://jem.rupress.org/content/48/2/299

Role of Latex Particle Agglutination Test in the Diagnosis of Meningitis * Nurjahan Begum Department of Microbiology, Rajshahi ... Keywords: Bacterial meningitis, CSF, Latex particle agglutination test, LPAT Abstract. A total of 45 clinically suspected cases ... Begum, N., Ahmed, I., Salam, M., Begum, S., & Alam, K. (2016). Role of Latex Particle Agglutination Test in the Diagnosis of ... But out of total 45 cases,lg (40oh) were diagnosed as bacterial meningitis by Latex particle agglutination test (LPAT). The ...

https://www.banglajol.info/index.php/BJMM/article/view/21928

Comparison of a dot immunobinding assay and the serum agglutination test for detecting serological responses in vaccinated and ... Comparison of the dot-immunobinding assay with the serum agglutination test, the Rose Bengal plate test and the milk ring test ... Comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of the rapid plate agglutination and slow micro-agglutination tests in fowls of ... rapid agglutination test and serum agglutination test. Avian Pathology 31(2): 201-204, 2002 ...

https://eurekamag.com/research/003/073/003073889.php

1 ppb of hydrophobic analyte in environmental samples using an enclosed permeable membrane enrichment device and agglutination ... The agglutination test is based on latex agglutination-inhibition principles in which there is competition for binding to an ... 1 is a plan view of an agglutination reaction slide assay device for agglutination tests of samples according to this invention ... Agglutination reaction slide EP0471570A1 (en) * 1990-08-15. 1992-02-19. La Mina Ltd.. Urine testing apparatus with urinary ...

https://patents.google.com/patent/US5891740

Detection of penicillin-binding protein 2a by rapid slide latex agglutination test in coagulase-negative staphylococci ... Detection of penicillin-binding protein 2a by rapid slide latex agglutination test in coagulase-negative staphylococci. Journal ...

http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/61912/

... serum agglutination test (SAT), microagglutination test (MAT) and 2-mercaptoethanol - microagglutination (2-ME-MAT) test. ... cattle by standard tube agglutination test, microtiter plate agglutination test, indirect hemagglutination assay, and indirect ... healthy vaccinated cattle by standard tube agglutination test, microtiter plate agglutination test, indirect hemagglutination ... test (STAT), microtiter plate agglutination test (MAT), indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), and indirect enzyme-linked ...

http://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.9/July-2016/7.html

Component test codes cannot be used to order tests. The information provided here is not sufficient for interface builds; for a ... May be used as an initial serologic test to detect acute Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis. ... complete test mix, please click the sidebar link to access the Interface Map. ...

https://ltd.aruplab.com/Tests/Pub/2007697

The latex agglutination test is a laboratory method to check for certain antibodies or antigens in a variety of body fluids including saliva, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, or blood. (medlineplus.gov)
A direct agglutination test (DAT) is any test that uses whole organisms as a means of looking for serum antibodies. (wikipedia.org)
D. M. Myers, V. M. Varela Diaz, and E. A. Coltorti, "Comparative sensitivity of gel diffusion and tube agglutination tests for the detection of Brucella canis antibodies in experimentally infected dogs," Journal of Applied Microbiology , vol. 23, pp. 894-902, 1974. (hindawi.com)
M. Kawaguchi, N. Saito, C. Katsukawa, and T. Soma, "Detection of anti- Brucella canis agglutination antibodies by microtiter and, study the effect of hemolysis," Journal of the Japan Veterinary Medical Association , vol. 64, pp. 957-961, 2011. (hindawi.com)
This statement requires some clarification: from the serologic viewpoint a proper study would mean testing for heterophil antibodies at frequent intervals (preferably weekly) for at least three months before the failure to observe a positive test was acceptable. (annals.org)
A dot immunobinding assay (DIA) was compared with the standard tube agglutination test (SAT) for detecting antibodies in sera from vaccinated and unvaccinated chickens challenged with Salmonella gallinarum var duisburg. (eurekamag.com)
The Microscopic Agglutination test (MAT) was performed to determine the presence of leptospira antibodies in the positive and indeterminate samples of ELISA test. (thefreedictionary.com)
Indirect agglutination test was done between cervicovaginal secretions and sperm of the participats' husbands for the detection of antibodies against sperm in cervicovaginal secretions. (thefreedictionary.com)
The standard tube agglutination test revealed titers of Brucella antibodies in serum of 1:640. (thefreedictionary.com)
The collected sera samples were screened for antiToxoplasma gondii antibodies by Latex agglutination test using commercially available kit (Global invitro(R) LLP UK). (thefreedictionary.com)
The Rose Bengal is a slide agglutination test for the qualitative and semi-quantitative detection of antibodies anti-Brucella in human serum. (rapidlabs.co.uk)
Background: In addition to conventional tests, several methods for detection of treponema-specific antibodies in clinical settings have been recently introduced. (elsevier.com)
Widal test is an agglutination test to detect antibodies (agglutinins) in a blood sample against two antigens (O & H) of bacteria, Salmonella enterica . (gazilabmedikal.com.tr)
Toxoplasma antibodies by indirect latex agglutination tests in St. Marys Hospital patients]. (parasitol.kr)
Detection of antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid to Toxoplasma gondii by indirect latex agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (parasitol.kr)
If acute infection is suspected, the patient's serum should be tested for IgG and IgM Toxoplasma -specific antibodies. (cdc.gov)
Of 219 kangaroos tested, 15.5% (95%CI: 10.7-20.3) were positive for T. gondii antibodies using an ELISA developed to detect T. gondii IgG in macropod marsupials. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
The mononucleosis spot test looks for 2 antibodies in the blood. (medlineplus.gov)
This test looks for antibodies called heterophile antibodies which form in the body during the infection. (medlineplus.gov)
A negative test means there were no heterophile antibodies detected. (medlineplus.gov)
A positive test means heterophile antibodies are present. (medlineplus.gov)
The ELISA test has the several advantages, it can also detect the incomplete antibodies commonly observe in chronic brucellosis patients (9). (iranpath.org)
Evaluation of a Test Based on Baculovirus-Expressed Glycoprotein G for Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-Specific Antibodies" J. Infect. (freepatentsonline.com)
A rapid whole cell protein antigen (iron restricted Mycoplasma gallisepticum) based latex agglutination test (LAT) was developed to detect the presence of anti- Mycoplasma gallisepticum antibodies in the sera of poultry affected with mycoplasmosis. (arccjournals.com)
The rapidity, simplicity and economics of the LAT were found to fulfill the requirements of a screening test for Mycoplasma gallisepticum antibodies. (arccjournals.com)
Latex agglutination test Mycoplasma gallisepticum antibodies. (arccjournals.com)
A rapid agglutination test for the detection of leptospiral antibodies. (arccjournals.com)
Rapid detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum antibodies using latex agglutination test. (arccjournals.com)
Another confirmatory test includes the plaque reduction neutralization test, which can discriminate anti-Zika virus antibodies from other cross-reacting antibodies. (medscape.com)
Agglutinating antibodies to Leptospira were present against 13 of the 21 serovars tested by MAT. (hindawi.com)

White latex particles are coated with human fibrinogen for detection of clumping factor and specific IgG for detection of protein A. When mixed on a slide with a suspension of S. aureus , reaction of clumping factor with the fibrinogen and/or protein A with the IgG causes rapid, strong agglutination of the latex particles. (fishersci.com)
aureus by conventional susceptibility (oxacillin disc diffusion and oxacillin MIC) and molecular methods (PCR) and to evaluate latex agglutination test for the detection of PBP 2a and to compare the results of these tests for its sensitivity, specificity and rapidity. (thefreedictionary.com)
Modified latex agglutination test for rapid detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae in cerebrospinal fluid and direct serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae. (thefreedictionary.com)
Identification was confirmed by detection of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) by latex agglutination test (PBP2' Test Kit, Oxoid, Hants, UK). (thefreedictionary.com)
Rapid antigen detection tests may provide positive results when culture and Gramstain results are negative for meningitis patients who have received antimicrobial therapy. (banglajol.info)
Apparatus and method for detection of low levels of about 1 ppb of hydrophobic analyte in environmental samples using an enclosed permeable membrane enrichment device and agglutination reaction slide test apparatus. (google.com)
This invention relates to apparatus and procedure for the detection of low levels, 10 ppb and more particularly 1 ppb or less, of hydrophobic analytes possibly present in environmental samples using agglutination reaction capillary slide test apparatus. (google.com)
Improved test apparatus has been provided for detection of substance for agglutination reactions. (google.com)
In this study we have used Pastorex[R] Rotavirus (Biorad, France) Latex agglutination test kit for the direct detection of Rotavirus antigen from stool samples in HIV sero-positive and HIV sero-negative patients with diarrhea. (thefreedictionary.com)
The Cryptococcal Antigen Latex Agglutination System is a qualitative and semi-quantitative test system for the detection of capsular polysaccharide antigens of Cryptococcus neoformans. (miravistalabs.com)
Test reproducibility and 95% limit of detection of SD Bioline Syphilis 3.0 were determined across three different lots for seven consecutive days in triplicate. (elsevier.com)
Latex Agglutination Test was done for detection of antigen of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b . (bvsalud.org)
The Latex Agglutination Test used for qualitative detection Haemophilus influenzae type b presents in samples like CSF, Body fluids, serum, urine or blood cultures. (medical-labs.net)
Isolate, identify and differentiate streptococci Lancefield groups A, B, C, F, and G with acid extraction for fast qualitative detection using the Thermo Scientific™ Streptex™ Rapid Latex Agglutination Test. (fishersci.com)
Presumptive identification of N. meningitidis , S. pneumoniae , and H. influenzae can be made on the basis of a cytological examination of the CSF, specific colony morphology on blood and/or chocolate agar, staining properties on a Gram stain, or by detection of specific antigens in the CSF by a latex agglutination test or using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT). (cdc.gov)
Typically, centrifugation at 1000 x g for 10-15 minutes is sufficient to sediment bacteria.After the specimen has been centrifuged, the supernatant should be drawn off with a Pasteur pipette and reserved if antigen detection by latex agglutination is planned. (cdc.gov)
Serological detection methods such as the Rose Bengal and the test tube agglutination test, commonly conducted in diagnostic laboratories, are also very common. (iranpath.org)
In conclusion, the LFA is a rapid and reliable test for early detection of Leptospira -specific IgM during acute phase of canine leptospirosis. (bmj.com)
A slide Co-agglutination test for the detection of Salmonella typhi Vi antigen in blood was evaluated for its efficiency in rapid diagnosis of Typhoid fever. (elsevier.com)
In Uganda, detection of brucellosis in goats and humans is more frequently done using rose bengal plate test (RBPT) in comparison to other serological tests such as serum agglutination test (SAT) and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (i-ELISA). (blogspot.com)
An analytical study was conducted involving parallel testing of 425 goat samples and 177 human samples to compare RBPT, SAT, and i-ELISA tests of brucellosis detection. (blogspot.com)

A rapid agglutination assay for canine brucellosis using antigen coated beads," The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science , vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 477-480, 2007. (hindawi.com)
Latex agglutination tests (LATs) [3] first established in 1959 for the assay of serologic rheumatoid factor (2), commonly use latex microspheres with conjugated proteins to magnify effects of antigen-antibody interactions. (thefreedictionary.com)
Moreover, the latex agglutination assay gives rapid advantage for quick results within a shorter period of time. (pharmiweb.com)
The antibody titers were measured by standard tube agglutination test (STAT), microtiter plate agglutination test (MAT), indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) as per standard protocols. (veterinaryworld.org)
Bacterial culture, agglutination test and ELISA assay were performed to detect Brucella spp. (biomedcentral.com)
In Africa the Widal test is still widely used [ 3 ] because typhoid fever is perceived to be endemic in the area [ 3 ] and the Widal test is the only rapid diagnostic assay that is available and affordable. (biomedcentral.com)
The serological test for the diagnosis ofbrucellosis in cattle was performed by rose Bengal test (RBT), slow agglutination test (SAT) for screening and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) for confirmatory diagnosis. (thefreedictionary.com)
This would be an example of using an agglutination (clumping) assay with a particulate antigen. (stackexchange.com)
We aim to comparatively evaluate a rapid immunochromatographic test (ICT) for Treponema pallidum specific antibody (SD Bioline Syphilis 3.0) and the T. pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) assay. (elsevier.com)
All discrepant results between the two assays were repeatedly tested and evaluated by the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) assay. (elsevier.com)
In TPPA assay, test-to-test, day-to-day, and lot-to-lot variations were not identified until 1:320 titer (eightfold dilutions). (elsevier.com)
Of 18 kangaroos tested for the presence of T. gondii DNA by PCR, the 9 ELISA positive kangaroos tested PCR positive and the 9 ELISA negative kangaroos tested PCR negative indicating the ELISA protocol was both highly specific and sensitive and correlated 100% with the more labour intensive PCR assay. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

invasion in positive culture or a single standard tube agglutination test (STA) against Brucella spp. (thefreedictionary.com)
We assessed the performance of the Widal tube agglutination test among febrile hospitalized Tanzanian children. (biomedcentral.com)
We assessed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the Widal tube agglutination test among Tanzanian children hospitalized with febrile illness and compared our results with those from previous studies. (biomedcentral.com)
A capillary tube agglutination test for malaria. (who.int)
Study of diagnostic efficacy of widal slide agglutination test against widal tube agglutination test in enteric fever-IJMR-IP Innovative Publication Pvt. (innovativepublication.com)
Patel R P, Trivedi M B, Study of diagnostic efficacy of widal slide agglutination test against widal tube agglutination test in enteric fever. (innovativepublication.com)

Use reliable latex testing to identify surface antigens associated with MSSA strains. (thermofisher.com)
Furthermore, the heterophil agglutination tests should include absorption with guinea pig kidney and beef cell antigens particularly for titers that are, unabsorbed, within the normal range of 1:56 or lower, or within slightly elevated ranges such as 1:112 or 1:224. (annals.org)
The test was first introduced by F. Widal in 1896 [ 2 ] and is based on a macroscopically visible serum - mediated agglutination reaction between S. typhi somatic lipopolysacharide O antigens (TO) and flagellar H antigens (TH). (biomedcentral.com)
In this study, development of a latex agglutination test using native antigens for rapid diagnosis of trichomoniasis is investigated. (thefreedictionary.com)
The slide LA tests seemed useful in detecting S. pneumoniae antigens and in determining the serotype, and have promise in simplifying the gathering of serotype data. (elsevier.com)
The antigens used in the test are "H" and "O" antigens of Salmonella Typhi and "H" antigen of S. Paratyphi. (gazilabmedikal.com.tr)
The interpretation of a Widal test is greatly influenced by the nature and extent of the patient's previous contact with typhoid antigens. (1mg.com)
The concordance (κ=0.879, p=0.000) and correlation (0.935) obtained between the two tests with these different antigens were optimal. (uevora.pt)

Improved microtechnique for the leptospiral microscopic agglutination test. (nih.gov)
Simultaneous titrations were performed on 281 animal and human sera and 17 hyperimmune sera with the microscopic agglutination (MA) test and the improved microtechnique. (nih.gov)
The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is commonly used for the diagnosis of canine leptospirosis. (wiley.com)
The samples were subjected to Latex agglutination test after direct microscopic examination and routine bacteriological analysis immediately. (thefreedictionary.com)
During acute phase of illness, LFA scored positive for 28/37 sera with a sensitivity of 75.7 per cent while only 9/37 (24.3 per cent) samples were positive on microscopic agglutination test. (bmj.com)
The laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis is generally accomplished by isolation of leptospires from biological specimens, seroconversion using paired sera ( Farr 1995 , Sykes and others 2010 ) or a single titre of ≥1:800 ( Miller and others 2008 ) in microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and PCR using anticoagulated blood and urine ( Harkin and others 2003 , Xu and others 2014 ). (bmj.com)

High sensitivity and specificity of the Pastorex latex agglutination test for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A during a clinical trial in Niger. (thefreedictionary.com)
While corroborating previously reported sensitivity and specificity estimates of this serodiagnostic test, this study examined the bias generated by commonly used test validation procedures. (ajtmh.org)
Specificity of the rK39 test was 99% in DAT-negative controls and 92% in DAT-negative patients clinically suspected of having VL. (ajtmh.org)
The specificity of DAT was further improved by supplementation of the sample diluent with 0.03 M urea and incubation of the test plates at 37 degrees C for 1 h. (nih.gov)
These results establish the significance of flagellar specificity as a classificatory determinant in V. cholerae, and the fidelity and utility of the phenol test in routine bacteriology. (microbiologyresearch.org)
How does the choice of blood draw site influence the possible specificity of a serological test? (stackexchange.com)
KAtex yielded a satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in di-agnosis of VL in Iran and can be recommended as a rapid, field applicable and reliable test for diagnosis of VL in this region. (ac.ir)
we used a panel of 170 samples collected from subjects suspected of typhoid or paratyphoid fever in Abidjan to determine the sensitivity, the specificity and operational characteristics of 9 plate agglutination tests (BIOREX ® , BIOTEC ® , CHRONOLAB ® , CROMATEST ® , FORTRESS ® , PLASMATEC ® , CYPRESS ® , SPINREACT ® and TYDAL ® ) compared to the reference technique SALMONELLA SEROLOGY ® of BIORAD (tube agglutination). (openmedicinejournal.com)
Among the 9 evaluated tests, only BIOTEC ® presented good performances (96% sensitivity and 97% specificity). (openmedicinejournal.com)
Specificity was determined by testing sera from sick dogs with non-leptospiral infections (n=15) and healthy dogs with incomplete history of vaccination (n=45). (bmj.com)
The test showed a sensitivity of 86.67% and specificity of 88.83% when compared with blood culture positivity or Widal titre above 160. (elsevier.com)

Among 235 patients with Brucellosis, 51 (21.7%) was positive for bacterial culture, 150 (63.8%) were positive by agglutination test, and 232 (98.7%) were positive by ELISA (IgG and/or IgM). (biomedcentral.com)
To compare three diag-nostic tests of VL including KAtex, ELISA and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) in VL patients and healthy controls in the south west of Iran. (ac.ir)
The collected serum samples were tested by DAT and ELISA using crude antigen from promastigotes of Leishmania infantum and the urine samples were tested by KAtex. (ac.ir)
The seroepidemiologic studies on anti- Toxoplasma antibody titers were carried out using ELISA and indirect latex agglutination test. (parasitol.kr)
When compared with the commercially available MAT (modified agglutination test), the ELISA developed was in absolute agreement and yielded a κ coefficient of 1.00. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
T. gondii seroprevalence in free ranging marsupials was 3.3% in Bennett's wallabies and 17.7% in Tasmanian pademelons using an ELISA [ 19 ], and 15% in bridled nailtail wallabies using a latex agglutination test [ 20 ]. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
In this study we examined ELISA, PCR and serum agglutination (SAT) methods on human patient serum samples. (iranpath.org)
Of these 50 positive samples, 49 samples were positive as per the ELISA test whereas one sample tested negative. (iranpath.org)
In one study, conducted by Osoba, ELISA was reported as the rapid and reliable diagnostic test for brucellosis ( 1 ). (iranpath.org)
The study revealed a significant agreement in the tests for all the three tests, but there was SA between SAT and i-ELISA in both animal and human samples. (blogspot.com)
It appears that RBPT is good as a screening test, whereas SAT and i-ELISA are good for diagnosis purposes or confirmatory test. (blogspot.com)

Passive Agglutination Tests in which Antigen is adsorbed onto Latex particles which then clump in the presence of antibody specific for the adsorbed Antigen . (online-medical-dictionary.org)
The test used to analyze the variation on the clumping ability of the antigen when it reacted with an antibody placed on the surface of latex particles is called latex agglutination test. (pharmiweb.com)
The agglutination test is based on latex agglutination-inhibition principles in which there is competition for binding to an antibody between the analyte and latex particles coated with an analyte analog or conjugate of the analyte. (google.com)
However, when analyte is present in the sample, the analyte competes with the labeled latex particles for reaction with the antibody and the analyte preferentially binds to the antibody and inhibits or prevents reaction of the antibody with the labeled latex particles and thereby inhibits or prevents agglutination of the latex particles. (google.com)
Thus, the presence of agglutination of the latex particles is evidence of the absence of the analyte from the sample, whereas the absence of significant agglutination of the latex particles is evidence of the presence of the analyte in the sample, when the presence or absence of agglutination of the latex particles is visually observed in the viewing area of the slide apparatus. (google.com)
Latex Agglutination Test When a particulate or insoluble antigen is mixed with its antibody in the presence of electrolytes at a suitable temperature and pH, the particles are clumped or agglutinated. (microbenotes.com)
If you want to use an agglutination test (i.e clumping of particles) with a soluble antigen then you can achieve this by attaching multiple copies of the antigen to macroscopic particles. (stackexchange.com)
The possibility is discussed that the viral antigen detected by resin-agglutination might be separated from the infectious viral particles. (geoscience.net)
Agglutination refers to the visible clumping of particles when a particulate antigen combines with its antibody in the presence of optimum conditions for antigen-antibody reaction. (gazilabmedikal.com.tr)
When the latex particles are mixed on a test card with fresh colonies of E. coli O45, the bacteria will bind to the antibody causing the latex particles to agglutinate (positive reaction). (eurofins-technologies.com)

There are various assays available for diagnosing Brucella in humans and currently, molecular, serological, and microbiological tests are popularly used to the purpose. (iranpath.org)

Latex agglutination test has both diagnostic and prognostic value since progressive disease is usually accompanied by increasing antigen titers. (miravistalabs.com)
Resin-agglutination titers of tissues and fluid from chicken embryos inoculated with vesicular stomatitis virus indicated that the viral antigen was more abundant and appeared earlier in the embryo than in the chorioallantoic membrane or the allantoic fluid. (geoscience.net)
Significance of Toxoplasma antibody titers by indirect latex agglutination tests in pregnant women and pelvic tumor patients. (parasitol.kr)
Out of the 100 serum samples obtained from patients with suspected brucellosis, 50 samples tested positive by SAT and displayed high titers of 1/160. (iranpath.org)

The Murex Cryptococcus Test was compared with the Cryptococcal Antigen Latex Agglutination System (CALAS) for detecting cryptococcal polysaccharide in 173 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens and 117 serum samples with 99% and 97% concordance, respectively. (uab.edu)

Rapidly identify and differentiate staphylococci which possess coagulase and/or protein A, particularly Staphylococcus aureus , using the Thermo Scientific Staphaurex Latex Agglutination Test. (fishersci.com)

The invention relates to agglutination assays and related kits, reagents and devices. (google.com.au)

The current diagnosis of Brucellosis predominantly relies on the traditional bacterial culture and serum agglutination test. (biomedcentral.com)
It shows the high sensitivity and specifity and should be used as a routine lab test when Brucellosis is suspected in clinical practice. (biomedcentral.com)
Given the high prevalence of Brucellosis, a rapid and reliable test for the diagnosis is necessary. (biomedcentral.com)
An evaluation of serological tests in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in naturally infected cattle in KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa. (semanticscholar.org)
Carmichael, "A plate agglutination test for the rapid diagnosis of canine brucellosis," The American Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. (thefreedictionary.com)
Since the clinical symptoms of human brucellosis are different and nonspecific, diagnosis of brucellosis is based on a positive assessment in laboratory-based testing. (iranpath.org)

A slide co-agglutination test used for confirmatory identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae . (fishersci.com)
However, due to the inherent difficulty in diagnosing acute toxoplasmosis, physicians are advised to seek confirmatory testing through the reference laboratory at Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory. (cdc.gov)

Various types of body fluids such as urine, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or serum can be used for the test. (medicalhealthtests.com)
Card Agglutination Test for Trypanosomiasis (CATT) End-Dilution Titer and Cerebrospinal Fluid Cell Count as Predictors of Human African Trypanosomiasis (Trypanosoma brucei gambiense) Among Serologically Suspected Individuals in Southern Sudan. (msf.org)
Samples of cerebrospinal fluid (n=204) from pediatric patients with clinically suspected pyogenic meningitis were examined by direct microscopy , bacterial culture and Latex Agglutination Test (LAT). (bvsalud.org)
The utility of a new latex agglutination (LA) test to directly determine serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was assessed in prospective evaluation at a referral hospital in southern India. (elsevier.com)

The abbreviation, DAT, is most frequently used for the serological test for visceral leishmaniasis. (wikipedia.org)

abstract = "Background: The aim of this study was to compare a gel-based test with the traditional direct agglutination test (DAT) for the diagnosis of immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA).Methods: Canine (n = 247) and feline (n = 74) blood samples were submitted for DAT testing to two laboratories. (bris.ac.uk)

An evaluation of the reactivity of the card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT) reagent in the Fontem sleeping sickness focus, Cameroon. (msf.org)
The evaluation of tests after the experimental infection allowed to suggest that none of the tests were able to detect the infection throughout the period of study. (unesp.br)

Detect Bacillis cereus or Clostridium perfringens enterotoxins and E. coli verocytotoxin VT1 and VT2 from food or fecal specimens, or detect staphylococcal toxic-shock syndrome toxin (TST) with a complete kit for Reversed Passive Latex Agglutination (RPLA). (thermofisher.com)
So-called cross reactions may occur, however, in agglutination tests with specimens of blood from some of the patients with these infections. (jamanetwork.com)
Serum specimens are pre-treated with pronase and heat inactivated prior to testing. (miravistalabs.com)
CSF specimens are heat inactivated prior to testing. (miravistalabs.com)
There were no false-positive reactions in limited testing with either method using specimens from patients with concurrent noncryptococcal infections or in rheumatoid factor-positive serum samples. (uab.edu)
Viruses isolated from 125 specimens were identified in the LA test. (meta.org)

Indirect fluorescent antibody test and hemagglutination - inhibition test market may show the slower growth in the latex agglutination test market due to less awareness and popularity among the people. (pharmiweb.com)
Sero epidemiological study of toxoplasmosis among different groups of population in Duhok city by using LATEX agglutination test and indirect hemagglutination test. (thefreedictionary.com)

Widal agglutination test demonstrates the presence of somatic (O) and flagellar (H) agglutinins to Salmonella in the patient? (molq.in)
Comparison of slide widal agglutination test with tube widal agglutination was done considering tube widal as a standard. (innovativepublication.com)
The slide widal agglutination test shows false positive result in 5.3% and 48.1% serum samples with S.typhi O antigen & S.typhi H antigen, respectively. (innovativepublication.com)
The slide widal agglutination test showed high false positive rate and low positive predictive value especially with S.typhi H antigen. (innovativepublication.com)
Therefore, the result of slide widal agglutination needs to be confirmed by tube widal agglutination test. (innovativepublication.com)

Widal slide method is quantitaive.Widal test is used to diagnose Typhoid and Paratyphoid fevers which is also called Enteric fever. (molq.in)
The slide widal is most commonly performed rapid method to diagnose due to its convenience, but its results are required to be compare with more standardly established tube widal test for its actual diagnostic significance. (innovativepublication.com)
This study aims to compare the result of slide widal test with tube widal test to ascertain any significant difference between two methods. (innovativepublication.com)
The Positive Predictive Value of widal slide agglutination test for O antigen and H antigen is 94% and 52% respectively. (innovativepublication.com)
Widal test (Slide agglutination) is a blood test which detects Enteric fever (Typhoid fever and Paratyphoid fever). (gazilabmedikal.com.tr)
This test is performed using the slide agglutination method. (gazilabmedikal.com.tr)
When this test is performed on a slide, it is called Slide agglutination and when it is carried out in a test tube, it is called Tube agglutination. (gazilabmedikal.com.tr)
Widal test by Tube agglutination is recommended over Slide agglutination method. (gazilabmedikal.com.tr)
If the antibody against Salmonella is present in the patient's serum, it will react with the respective antigen in the reagent and give visible agglutination (clumping) on the test slide. (1mg.com)

CSF cultures, Gram stain, and latex agglutination tests (Wellcogen Bacterial Antigen Kit, Lenexa, KS, USA) were performed in the local hospitals. (thefreedictionary.com)
But out of total 45 cases,lg (40oh) were diagnosed as bacterial meningitis by Latex particle agglutination test (LPAT). (banglajol.info)
The Widal test is commonly performed when children and adults present with fever to treatment centers, as few centers have the capacity to perform micro-bacterial culture [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bacterial meningitis: diagnosis by latex agglutination test and clinical features. (thefreedictionary.com)
The latex agglutination test may also be positive in other bacterial, fungal, connective tissue and malignant diseases . (bvsalud.org)

May be used as an initial serologic test to detect acute Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis. (aruplab.com)

ASO TEST method is a rapid latex agglutination test for the qualitative and semi quantitative determination of antistreptolysin-O in serum WITHOUT SAMPLE DILUTION. (grandmedicore.com)
Their characteristics were improved with the semi-quantitative plate agglutination test. (openmedicinejournal.com)

Get 15-50% off on diagnostic tests at top diagnostic centers. (doctorc.in)

Operational validation of the direct agglutination test for diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. (ajtmh.org)
The validity of the direct agglutination test (DAT) for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was studied with a standardized field kit on 148 clinically suspected persons and 176 healthy controls recruited between 1993 and 1994 from an endemic area in Gedaref State, Sudan. (ajtmh.org)
Accuracy of an rK39 rapid diagnostic test (DiaMed-IT-Leish ® ) for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was compared with splenic aspiration and the direct agglutination test (DAT) in a population with a high prevalence of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Ethiopia. (ajtmh.org)
Trypsin treatment of Leishmania promastigote antigen has proved to be indispensible in the direct agglutination test (DAT) for the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). (nih.gov)
Performance of Latex Agglutination Test (KAtex) In Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Iran', Iranian Journal of Immunology , 6(4), pp. 202-207. (ac.ir)
Repositório Digital de Publicações Científicas: Lyophilized and ready-to-use direct agglutination test in the serodiagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis: performance comparison. (uevora.pt)

The diagnosis of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) due to Trypanosoma brucei gambiense relies on an initial serologic screening with the card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT) for T. b. gambiense, followed by parasitologic confirmation in most endemic areas. (msf.org)
One use is as a serologic test for rheumatoid factor in diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis . (thefreedictionary.com)
Serologic tests are sometimes unreliable in immunosuppressed patients. (cdc.gov)
Because of the persistence of Toxoplasma cysts and antibody in asymptomatic chronic latent infections, immunosuppressed persons with both positive PCR and serologic results should have their diagnostic testing results interpreted in relation to clinical features of an active infection. (cdc.gov)

In both Rose Bengal and tube agglutination, it is well known that lipopolysaccharides display cross-reactivity with the Gram-negative bacteria. (iranpath.org)

Differential agglutination test for diagnosis of recently acquired infection with Toxoplasma gondii. (asm.org)
We evaluated the recently described differential agglutination test (HS/AC test) to differentiate recently acquired toxoplasma infections from those acquired in the more distant past in sera obtained from 38 patients with carefully defined symptomatic and asymptomatic infections. (asm.org)
These results reveal that in the appropriate clinical situation, when both IgG and IgM tests are positive and a question still remains about the acuteness of infection, the HS/AC test may be useful for differentiating between toxoplasma infections acquired recently and those acquired in the more distant past. (asm.org)
Discrepant toxoplasma latex agglutination test results. (bmj.com)
The analysis of 4450 toxoplasma serology results showed that 59 (1.3%) latex agglutination reactions were not confirmed in the dye test. (bmj.com)
The latex agglutination test is useful as a screen for toxoplasma infection but false positive reactions do occur. (bmj.com)

Kala-azar: a comparative study of parasitological methods and the direct agglutination test in diagnosis. (nih.gov)
There was no relation between titres in the direct agglutination test and parasite load as determined by the number of parasitological methods which were positive or parasite density in splenic aspirates. (nih.gov)
Europe region expected to show the second dominating market for latex agglutination test, since the increasing demand for the novel diagnostic methods for the infectious diseases and people preferring the invasive techniques for the diagnosis as compared to the traditional methods. (pharmiweb.com)
Materials and methods: In this study the tests of four cases that have false negative serological results were evaluated. (semanticscholar.org)
The LA test appears to be superior to conventional methods because of its easy handling and a rapid and reliable identification. (meta.org)
Novel methods and immunodiagnostic test kits for diagnosing herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection are disclosed. (freepatentsonline.com)
Methods: Canine (n = 247) and feline (n = 74) blood samples were submitted for DAT testing to two laboratories. (bris.ac.uk)
The results were compared with conventional methods like Blood culture and Widal test. (elsevier.com)

The use of an easy-to-use and interpret, sensitive, and specific method that requires no complex infrastructure or specialized professionals, such as direct agglutination test (DAT) and the rK39-based rapid immunochromatographic test may enhance the diagnosis of disease. (ebscohost.com)

Latex agglutination results take about 15 minutes to an hour. (medlineplus.gov)
Your provider will base any treatment decisions, at least in part, on the results of this test. (medlineplus.gov)
Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results. (medlineplus.gov)
Information developed by A.D.A.M., Inc. regarding tests and test results may not directly correspond with information provided by UCSF Health. (ucsfhealth.org)
The results obtained by comparing positive test data from human and animal sera indicated that agreement between the original MA test and this new method exceeded 94%, whereas the original Galton microtechnique and the original MA test agreed in a maximum of 77% of the tests. (nih.gov)
This study indicates that the results obtained with the improved microtechnique are much more comparable to results obtained with the original MA test than are those obtained with the original Galton microtechnique. (nih.gov)
Remel and Oxoid products are now part of the Thermo Scientific brand, combining powerful manual, semi-automated and fully automated test products and a comprehensive line of media and diagnostic products to offer a complete, end-to-end solution to quickly deliver the products you need and the quality results your laboratory depends on. (fishersci.com)
The Latex agglutination technique is used in this test, and it is popular because results can be derived very quickly, in approximately fifteen minutes. (medicalhealthtests.com)
The reaction between a specific antibody and antigen results in visible clumping is called agglutination. (pharmiweb.com)
The MAT is a valuable test for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in dogs, but it is unlikely that test results can be used to predict the infecting serogroup. (wiley.com)
The results of three tests used for the rapid diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (IM) were compared with those of Epstein-Barr virus-specific serology. (nih.gov)
Patients clinically suspected of having VL who show negative results on the rK39 antigen test should undergo follow-up DAT testing, especially if they are HIV positive. (ajtmh.org)
One nonpregnant dairy cow had positive test results by slow agglutination test and ELISAs and was slaughtered on April 23, 2012. (thefreedictionary.com)
Wright agglutination test results were positive, with a titer of 1/2560. (thefreedictionary.com)
Provides automated and objective results in 15 minutes, allowing for testing of patients suspected of COVID-19/2019-nCoV in near-patient testing environments. (fishersci.com)
All results were in agreement with those observed by a neutralization test. (meta.org)
Your provider will also consider other blood test results and your symptoms. (medlineplus.gov)
The PCR test was conducted on all 100 serum samples and results showed that the 45 serum samples that gave a positive agglutination test were also positive by PCR. (iranpath.org)
Results: The kappa values for agreement between the tests were in one laboratory 0.86 for canine and 0.58 for feline samples, and in the other 0.48 for canine samples. (bris.ac.uk)
A subset of canine samples was categorized as having idiopathic IMHA, secondary IMHA, or no IMHA.Results: The kappa values for agreement between the tests were in one laboratory 0.86 for canine and 0.58 for feline samples, and in the other 0.48 for canine samples. (bris.ac.uk)

Gram-positive cocci were detected in blood buffy coat of one patient, and a latex agglutination test of CSF indicated infection with S. (thefreedictionary.com)
However, the latex agglutination test also applied to the diagnosis of the autoimmune disorder and Hepatitis B infections, since the increasing the Hepatitis B infection to the children's expected to boost the latex agglutination test market in future. (pharmiweb.com)
However, the wide range in times from infection (from 2 to 14 years) did not allow for an estimate of when the pattern in the HS/AC test changed from acute to not acute. (asm.org)
The serum sample which shows the titre of 1:80 or more for O agglutination and 1:160 or more for H agglutination indicates active infection. (1mg.com)

It has been the writer's opinion heretofore that all cases of infectious mononucleosis, if properly studied, would reveal positive heterophil agglutination tests. (annals.org)

9. The kit according to claim 1 wherein the capillary testing device comprises two pathways. (google.com.au)
11. The kit according to claim 1 wherein one or both of the conjugate and the two or more of a first agglutinable particle each having two or more second binding partners bound to it, are pre-applied to a capillary channel of the capillary testing device. (google.com.au)
13. The kit according to claim 12 , wherein the at least one component is an integrated part of the capillary testing device. (google.com.au)

This information shows the various causes of Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test , and how common these diseases or conditions are in the general population. (rightdiagnosis.com)
This is not a direct indication as to how commonly these diseases are the actual cause of Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test , but gives a relative idea as to how frequent these diseases are seen overall. (rightdiagnosis.com)
The following list of conditions have ' Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test ' or similar listed as a symptom in our database. (rightdiagnosis.com)

Direct agglutination test for diagnosis and sero-epidemiological survey of kala-azar in the Sudan. (ajtmh.org)
Agglutination reactions are classified as direct, indirect (passive) and reverse passive agglutination reactions. (microbenotes.com)
Titer differences dictate that direct comparisons between the 2 tests are not feasible. (uab.edu)
Anti-Leishmania antibody was detected in 50 out of 1628 children (3.1%) by direct agglutination test (antibody titre ≥ 1:3200). (who.int)
Background: The aim of this study was to compare a gel-based test with the traditional direct agglutination test (DAT) for the diagnosis of immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA). (bris.ac.uk)
In this way, hoping to develop a sensitive, specific, easy-to-use and cheap serological tool, capable of monitor CVL and meet recommendations of World Health Organization (WHO, 2010) our group tried, in this study, to adapt a direct agglutination test (DAT) able to offer, same or better benefits, as the one already developed for the human host (Harith et al. (uevora.pt)
All the samples were tested by direct agglutination test (DAT). (ac.ir)

The latex agglutination test is valuable for monitoring patients (decreasing titer indicates a good response). (bvsalud.org)

However, due to the high prevalence of infectious disease rate India and China is the key factor behind the robust the growth of latex agglutination test market in South Asia and East Asia region. (pharmiweb.com)
Moreover, any operational guideline on DAT use has to consider the critical dependency of the predictive values of the test on VL prevalence rates. (ajtmh.org)
Despite the lower sensitivity in a population with a high prevalence of HIV, the DiaMed-IT-Leish ® rK39 test enables decentralization of diagnosis. (ajtmh.org)

The highest dilution of the patient's serum sample that gives a visible agglutination with the Widal test antigen suspensions is the antibody titre. (1mg.com)
L'anticorps anti-leishmania a été détecté chez 50 des 1628 enfants (3,1 %) par un test d'agglutination directe (titre des anticorps ≥ 1:3200). (who.int)

We evaluate the performance of 9 commercial rapid tests used in Côte d'Ivoire for the serodiagnosis of typhoid and paratyphoid fever. (openmedicinejournal.com)

The 100 pre-collected serum samples with widal test request were received for the study over the six months period. (innovativepublication.com)
Fifty serum samples gave a positive result with the Wright test. (iranpath.org)

Anatomy4

Organisms39

Diseases32

Chemicals and Drugs41

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment35

Phenomena and Processes11

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Health Care8

Geographicals5

Serological classification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a slide agglutination test. (1/1654)

Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from primary cultures by a slide agglutination test. (2/1654)

Differential immunodiagnosis between cystic hydatid disease and other cross-reactive pathologies. (3/1654)

Acute Chagas' disease in western Venezuela: a clinical, seroparasitologic, and epidemiologic study. (4/1654)

Antibodies reactive with the N-terminal domain of Plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen inhibit cell proliferation by agglutinating merozoites and schizonts. (5/1654)

Three cases of canine leptospirosis in Quebec. (6/1654)

Lectins as membrane components of mitochondria from Ricinus communis. (7/1654)

An immunoblotting procedure comprising O = 9,12 and H = d antigens as an alternative to the Widal agglutination assay. (8/1654)

Agglutination Tests

Latex Fixation Tests

Agglutination

Leptospirosis

Leptospira

Hemagglutination Tests

Sperm Agglutination

Brucellosis

Antibodies, Bacterial

Weil Disease

Reagent Kits, Diagnostic

Sensitivity and Specificity

Serologic Tests

Evaluation Studies as Topic

Hemagglutination

Brucella

Antigens, Bacterial

Leishmaniasis, Visceral

Agglutinins

Serotyping

Leptospira interrogans

Brucellosis, Bovine

Complement Fixation Tests

Counterimmunoelectrophoresis

False Positive Reactions

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Antibodies, Protozoan

Coagulase

Antigens, Fungal

Immunoglobulin M

Rose Bengal

Leishmania donovani

Immune Sera

Toxoplasmosis

Brucella canis

Oxacillin

Toxoplasma

Seroepidemiologic Studies

Brucella abortus

Abortion, Veterinary

Cross Reactions

Coombs Test

Toxoplasmosis, Animal

Dog Diseases

False Negative Reactions

Cattle Diseases

Immunoglobulin G

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

Staphylococcus aureus

Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae

Rheumatoid Factor

Immunodiffusion

Rubella virus

Sudan

Immunochromatography

Meningitis

Legionella

Antigens, Protozoan

Methods

Lymphadenitis

Cryptococcus

Fluorescent Antibody Technique

Antibodies, Fungal

Cattle

Bacteriological Techniques

Methicillin Resistance

Immunoenzyme Techniques

Histoplasmin

Staphylococcal Protein A

Feces

Nepal

Cryptococcosis

Mercaptoethanol

Predictive Value of Tests

Typhoid Fever

Meningitis, Meningococcal

Polysaccharides, Bacterial

Trypanosomiasis, African

Lectins

Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests