Agglutination tests. Medical search

Agglutination Tests: Tests that are dependent on the clumping of cells, microorganisms, or particles when mixed with specific antiserum. (From Stedman, 26th ed)Latex Fixation Tests: Passive agglutination tests in which antigen is adsorbed onto latex particles which then clump in the presence of antibody specific for the adsorbed antigen. (From Stedman, 26th ed)Agglutination: The clumping together of suspended material resulting from the action of AGGLUTININS.Leptospirosis: Infections with bacteria of the genus LEPTOSPIRA.Leptospira: A genus of aerobic, helical spirochetes, some species of which are pathogenic, others free-living or saprophytic.Hemagglutination Tests: Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)Sperm Agglutination: Agglutination of spermatozoa by antibodies or autoantibodies.Brucellosis: Infection caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA mainly involving the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM. This condition is characterized by fever, weakness, malaise, and weight loss.Antibodies, Bacterial: Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.Weil Disease: A severe form of LEPTOSPIROSIS, usually caused by LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS SEROVAR ICTEROHAEMORRHAGIAE and occasionally other serovars. It is transmitted to humans by the rat and is characterized by hemorrhagic and renal symptoms with accompanying JAUNDICE.Reagent Kits, Diagnostic: Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Serologic Tests: Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.Evaluation Studies as Topic: Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.Hemagglutination: The aggregation of ERYTHROCYTES by AGGLUTININS, including antibodies, lectins, and viral proteins (HEMAGGLUTINATION, VIRAL).Brucella: A genus of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that causes BRUCELLOSIS. Its cells are nonmotile coccobacilli and are animal parasites and pathogens. The bacterium is transmissible to humans through contact with infected dairy products or tissue.Antigens, Bacterial: Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.Leishmaniasis, Visceral: A chronic disease caused by LEISHMANIA DONOVANI and transmitted by the bite of several sandflies of the genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia. It is commonly characterized by fever, chills, vomiting, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukopenia, hypergammaglobulinemia, emaciation, and an earth-gray color of the skin. The disease is classified into three main types according to geographic distribution: Indian, Mediterranean (or infantile), and African.Agglutinins: Substances, usually of biological origin, that cause cells or other organic particles to aggregate and stick to each other. They include those ANTIBODIES which cause aggregation or agglutination of particulate or insoluble ANTIGENS.Serotyping: Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.Leptospira interrogans: A genus of question mark-shaped bacteria spirochetes which is found in fresh water that is contaminated by animal urine. It causes LEPTOSPIROSIS.Brucellosis, Bovine: A disease of cattle caused by bacteria of the genus BRUCELLA leading to abortion in late pregnancy. BRUCELLA ABORTUS is the primary infective agent.Complement Fixation Tests: Serologic tests based on inactivation of complement by the antigen-antibody complex (stage 1). Binding of free complement can be visualized by addition of a second antigen-antibody system such as red cells and appropriate red cell antibody (hemolysin) requiring complement for its completion (stage 2). Failure of the red cells to lyse indicates that a specific antigen-antibody reaction has taken place in stage 1. If red cells lyse, free complement is present indicating no antigen-antibody reaction occurred in stage 1.Counterimmunoelectrophoresis: Immunoelectrophoresis in which immunoprecipitation occurs when antigen at the cathode is caused to migrate in an electric field through a suitable medium of diffusion against a stream of antibody migrating from the anode as a result of endosmotic flow.False Positive Reactions: Positive test results in subjects who do not possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of healthy persons as diseased when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.Antibodies, Protozoan: Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.Coagulase: Enzymes that cause coagulation in plasma by forming a complex with human PROTHROMBIN. Coagulases are produced by certain STAPHYLOCOCCUS and YERSINIA PESTIS. Staphylococci produce two types of coagulase: Staphylocoagulase, a free coagulase that produces true clotting of plasma, and Staphylococcal clumping factor, a bound coagulase in the cell wall that induces clumping of cells in the presence of fibrinogen.Antigens, Fungal: Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.Immunoglobulin M: A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.Rose Bengal: A bright bluish pink compound that has been used as a dye, biological stain, and diagnostic aid.Leishmania donovani: A parasitic hemoflagellate of the subgenus Leishmania leishmania that infects man and animals and causes visceral leishmaniasis (LEISHMANIASIS, VISCERAL). The sandfly genera Phlebotomus and Lutzomyia are the vectors.Immune Sera: Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.Toxoplasmosis: The acquired form of infection by Toxoplasma gondii in animals and man.Brucella canis: A species of gram-negative bacteria infecting DOGS, the natural hosts, and causing canine BRUCELLOSIS. It can also cause a mild infection in humans.Oxacillin: An antibiotic similar to FLUCLOXACILLIN used in resistant staphylococci infections.Toxoplasma: A genus of protozoa parasitic to birds and mammals. T. gondii is one of the most common infectious pathogenic animal parasites of man.Seroepidemiologic Studies: EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.Brucella abortus: A species of the genus BRUCELLA whose natural hosts are cattle and other bovidae. Abortion and placentitis are frequently produced in the pregnant animal. Other mammals, including humans, may be infected.Abortion, Veterinary: Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.Cross Reactions: Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.Coombs Test: A test to detect non-agglutinating ANTIBODIES against ERYTHROCYTES by use of anti-antibodies (the Coombs' reagent.) The direct test is applied to freshly drawn blood to detect antibody bound to circulating red cells. The indirect test is applied to serum to detect the presence of antibodies that can bind to red blood cells.Toxoplasmosis, Animal: Acquired infection of non-human animals by organisms of the genus TOXOPLASMA.Dog Diseases: Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.False Negative Reactions: Negative test results in subjects who possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of diseased persons as healthy when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Cattle Diseases: Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.Immunoglobulin G: The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.Trypanosoma brucei gambiense: A hemoflagellate subspecies of parasitic protozoa that causes Gambian or West African sleeping sickness in humans. The vector host is usually the tsetse fly (Glossina).Staphylococcus aureus: Potentially pathogenic bacteria found in nasal membranes, skin, hair follicles, and perineum of warm-blooded animals. They may cause a wide range of infections and intoxications.Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae: A serovar of the bacterial species LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS, whose primary host is RATS.Rheumatoid Factor: Antibodies found in adult RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS patients that are directed against GAMMA-CHAIN IMMUNOGLOBULINS.Immunodiffusion: Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.Rubella virus: The type (and only) species of RUBIVIRUS causing acute infection in humans, primarily children and young adults. Humans are the only natural host. A live, attenuated vaccine is available for prophylaxis.Sudan: A country in northeastern Africa. The capital is Khartoum.Immunochromatography: A type of affinity chromatography where ANTIBODIES are used in the affinity capture reaction on the solid support, in the mobile phase, or both.Meningitis: Inflammation of the coverings of the brain and/or spinal cord, which consist of the PIA MATER; ARACHNOID; and DURA MATER. Infections (viral, bacterial, and fungal) are the most common causes of this condition, but subarachnoid hemorrhage (HEMORRHAGES, SUBARACHNOID), chemical irritation (chemical MENINGITIS), granulomatous conditions, neoplastic conditions (CARCINOMATOUS MENINGITIS), and other inflammatory conditions may produce this syndrome. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1994, Ch24, p6)Legionella: Gram-negative aerobic rods, isolated from surface water or thermally polluted lakes or streams. Member are pathogenic for man. Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent for LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE.Antigens, Protozoan: Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.Methods: A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.Lymphadenitis: Inflammation of the lymph nodes.Cryptococcus: A mitosporic Tremellales fungal genus whose species usually have a capsule and do not form pseudomycellium. Teleomorphs include Filobasidiella and Fidobasidium.Fluorescent Antibody Technique: Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.Antibodies, Fungal: Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Bacteriological Techniques: Techniques used in studying bacteria.Methicillin Resistance: Non-susceptibility of a microbe to the action of METHICILLIN, a semi-synthetic penicillin derivative.Immunoenzyme Techniques: Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.Histoplasmin Staphylococcal Protein A: A protein present in the cell wall of most Staphylococcus aureus strains. The protein selectively binds to the Fc region of human normal and myeloma-derived IMMUNOGLOBULIN G. It elicits antibody activity and may cause hypersensitivity reactions due to histamine release; has also been used as cell surface antigen marker and in the clinical assessment of B lymphocyte function.Feces: Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.Nepal Cryptococcosis: Infection with a fungus of the species CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS.Mercaptoethanol Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Typhoid Fever: An acute systemic febrile infection caused by SALMONELLA TYPHI, a serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA.Meningitis, Meningococcal: A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)Polysaccharides, Bacterial: Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.Trypanosomiasis, African: A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces "African sleeping sickness." Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.Lectins: Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests: Serologic tests in which a known quantity of antigen is added to the serum prior to the addition of a red cell suspension. Reaction result is expressed as the smallest amount of antigen which causes complete inhibition of hemagglutination.Trypanosomiasis: Infection with protozoa of the genus TRYPANOSOMA.Clostridium tetani: The cause of TETANUS in humans and domestic animals. It is a common inhabitant of human and horse intestines as well as soil. Two components make up its potent exotoxin activity, a neurotoxin and a hemolytic toxin.Parasitology: The study of parasites and PARASITIC DISEASES.Immunoelectrophoresis: A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.Immunoassay: A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.Angola: A republic in southern Africa, southwest of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and west of ZAMBIA. Its capital is Luanda.Brucella melitensis: A species of the genus BRUCELLA whose natural hosts are sheep and goats. Other mammals, including humans, may be infected. In general, these organisms tend to be more virulent for laboratory animals than BRUCELLA ABORTUS and may cause fatal infections.Pasteurella: The oldest recognized genus of the family PASTEURELLACEAE. It consists of several species. Its organisms occur most frequently as coccobacillus or rod-shaped and are gram-negative, nonmotile, facultative anaerobes. Species of this genus are found in both animals and humans.Clinical Laboratory Techniques: Techniques used to carry out clinical investigative procedures in the diagnosis and therapy of disease.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Streptococcal Infections: Infections with bacteria of the genus STREPTOCOCCUS.Neisseria meningitidis: A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the NASOPHARYNX. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL). It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype.Cerebrospinal Fluid: A watery fluid that is continuously produced in the CHOROID PLEXUS and circulates around the surface of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; and in the CEREBRAL VENTRICLES.Hemagglutination, Viral: Agglutination of ERYTHROCYTES by a virus.Staphylococcus: A genus of gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, coccoid bacteria. Its organisms occur singly, in pairs, and in tetrads and characteristically divide in more than one plane to form irregular clusters. Natural populations of Staphylococcus are found on the skin and mucous membranes of warm-blooded animals. Some species are opportunistic pathogens of humans and animals.Streptococcus agalactiae: A bacterium which causes mastitis in cattle and occasionally in man.Concanavalin A: A MANNOSE/GLUCOSE binding lectin isolated from the jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis). It is a potent mitogen used to stimulate cell proliferation in lymphocytes, primarily T-lymphocyte, cultures.Cryptococcus neoformans: A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans.Burkholderia pseudomallei: A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that causes MELIOIDOSIS. It has been isolated from soil and water in tropical regions, particularly Southeast Asia.Salmonella: A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.Pneumonia, Mycoplasma: Interstitial pneumonia caused by extensive infection of the lungs (LUNG) and BRONCHI, particularly the lower lobes of the lungs, by MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE in humans. In SHEEP, it is caused by MYCOPLASMA OVIPNEUMONIAE. In CATTLE, it may be caused by MYCOPLASMA DISPAR.Swine Diseases: Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.Latex: A milky, product excreted from the latex canals of a variety of plant species that contain cauotchouc. Latex is composed of 25-35% caoutchouc, 60-75% water, 2% protein, 2% resin, 1.5% sugar & 1% ash. RUBBER is made by the removal of water from latex.(From Concise Encyclopedia Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 3rd ed). Hevein proteins are responsible for LATEX HYPERSENSITIVITY. Latexes are used as inert vehicles to carry antibodies or antigens in LATEX FIXATION TESTS.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Horse Diseases: Diseases of domestic and wild horses of the species Equus caballus.Mannans: Polysaccharides consisting of mannose units.Endemic Diseases: The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)Streptococcus: A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms occur in pairs or chains. No endospores are produced. Many species exist as commensals or parasites on man or animals with some being highly pathogenic. A few species are saprophytes and occur in the natural environment.Streptococcus pneumoniae: A gram-positive organism found in the upper respiratory tract, inflammatory exudates, and various body fluids of normal and/or diseased humans and, rarely, domestic animals.Antibodies, Heterophile: Antibodies elicited in a different species from which the antigen originated. These antibodies are directed against a wide variety of interspecies-specific antigens, the best known of which are Forssman, Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D), and Paul-Bunnell (P-B). Incidence of antibodies to these antigens--i.e., the phenomenon of heterophile antibody response--is useful in the serodiagnosis, pathogenesis, and prognosis of infection and latent infectious states as well as in cancer classification.Antibody Specificity: The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.Salmonella typhi: A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is the etiologic agent of TYPHOID FEVER.Horses: Large, hoofed mammals of the family EQUIDAE. Horses are active day and night with most of the day spent seeking and consuming food. Feeding peaks occur in the early morning and late afternoon, and there are several daily periods of rest.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Erythrocytes: Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.Antibodies, Viral: Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).Agar: A complex sulfated polymer of galactose units, extracted from Gelidium cartilagineum, Gracilaria confervoides, and related red algae. It is used as a gel in the preparation of solid culture media for microorganisms, as a bulk laxative, in making emulsions, and as a supporting medium for immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis.Haemophilus influenzae: A species of HAEMOPHILUS found on the mucous membranes of humans and a variety of animals. The species is further divided into biotypes I through VIII.Bacterial Proteins: Proteins found in any species of bacterium.Reagent Strips: Narrow pieces of material impregnated or covered with a substance used to produce a chemical reaction. The strips are used in detecting, measuring, producing, etc., other substances. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Freeze Drying: Method of tissue preparation in which the tissue specimen is frozen and then dehydrated at low temperature in a high vacuum. This method is also used for dehydrating pharmaceutical and food products.Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Short filamentous organism of the genus Mycoplasma, which binds firmly to the cells of the respiratory epithelium. It is one of the etiologic agents of non-viral primary atypical pneumonia in man.Meningitis, Bacterial: Bacterial infections of the leptomeninges and subarachnoid space, frequently involving the cerebral cortex, cranial nerves, cerebral blood vessels, spinal cord, and nerve roots.Melioidosis: A disease of humans and animals that resembles GLANDERS. It is caused by BURKHOLDERIA PSEUDOMALLEI and may range from a dormant infection to a condition that causes multiple abscesses, pneumonia, and bacteremia.Immunologic Techniques: Techniques used to demonstrate or measure an immune response, and to identify or measure antigens using antibodies.Enterotoxins: Substances that are toxic to the intestinal tract causing vomiting, diarrhea, etc.; most common enterotoxins are produced by bacteria.Meningitis, Haemophilus: Infections of the nervous system caused by bacteria of the genus HAEMOPHILUS, and marked by prominent inflammation of the MENINGES. HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B is the most common causative organism. The condition primarily affects children under 6 years of age but may occur in adults.Vibrio cholerae: The etiologic agent of CHOLERA.Escherichia coli: A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.Staphylococcal Infections: Infections with bacteria of the genus STAPHYLOCOCCUS.Clostridium: A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.Cytotoxins: Substances that are toxic to cells; they may be involved in immunity or may be contained in venoms. These are distinguished from CYTOSTATIC AGENTS in degree of effect. Some of them are used as CYTOTOXIC ANTIBIOTICS. The mechanism of action of many of these are as ALKYLATING AGENTS or MITOSIS MODULATORS.Diagnostic Errors: Incorrect diagnoses after clinical examination or technical diagnostic procedures.India Microspheres: Small uniformly-sized spherical particles, of micrometer dimensions, frequently labeled with radioisotopes or various reagents acting as tags or markers.Penicillin-Binding Proteins: Bacterial proteins that share the property of binding irreversibly to PENICILLINS and other ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS derived from LACTAMS. The penicillin-binding proteins are primarily enzymes involved in CELL WALL biosynthesis including MURAMOYLPENTAPEPTIDE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE; PEPTIDE SYNTHASES; TRANSPEPTIDASES; and HEXOSYLTRANSFERASES.Antigens: Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.Serology: The study of serum, especially of antigen-antibody reactions in vitro.Rotavirus: A genus of REOVIRIDAE, causing acute gastroenteritis in BIRDS and MAMMALS, including humans. Transmission is horizontal and by environmental contamination. Seven species (Rotaviruses A thru G) are recognized.Rotavirus Infections: Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.Haemophilus: A genus of PASTEURELLACEAE that consists of several species occurring in animals and humans. Its organisms are described as gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, coccobacillus or rod-shaped, and nonmotile.Syphilis: A contagious venereal disease caused by the spirochete TREPONEMA PALLIDUM.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Francisella tularensis: The etiologic agent of TULAREMIA in man and other warm-blooded animals.Polysaccharides Pneumonia, Pneumococcal: A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.Methicillin: One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE but susceptible to a penicillin-binding protein. It is inactivated by gastric acid so administered by injection.Carrier State: The condition of harboring an infective organism without manifesting symptoms of infection. The organism must be readily transmissible to another susceptible host.Cat Diseases: Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Sheep Diseases: Diseases of domestic and mountain sheep of the genus Ovis.Goats: Any of numerous agile, hollow-horned RUMINANTS of the genus Capra, in the family Bovidae, closely related to the SHEEP.Penicillin Resistance: Nonsusceptibility of an organism to the action of penicillins.Bacterial Toxins: Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases.Ristocetin: An antibiotic mixture of two components, A and B, obtained from Nocardia lurida (or the same substance produced by any other means). It is no longer used clinically because of its toxicity. It causes platelet agglutination and blood coagulation and is used to assay those functions in vitro.Diarrhea: An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.Species Specificity: The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Brucella Vaccine: A bacterial vaccine for the prevention of brucellosis in man and animal. Brucella abortus vaccine is used for the immunization of cattle, sheep, and goats.Culture Media: Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.Penicillins: A group of antibiotics that contain 6-aminopenicillanic acid with a side chain attached to the 6-amino group. The penicillin nucleus is the chief structural requirement for biological activity. The side-chain structure determines many of the antibacterial and pharmacological characteristics. (Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1065)Sri LankaZoonoses: Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.Flocculation Tests: Precipitin tests which occur over a narrow range of antigen-antibody ratio, due chiefly to peculiarities of the antibody (precipitin). (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Serological classification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a slide agglutination test. (1/1654)

Serological classification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by the slide agglutination test with live organisms was studied, based on the O antigen schema adopted by the international expert panel sponsored by the Subcommittee on Pseudomonas and Related Organisms of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. The typing results obtained by the slide test with well-absorbed O sera were identical to those obtained by the conventional tube agglutination test with autoclaved organisms. Most O antigens occur singly; but O2, O5, and O16 occur in four combinations. Antigens O13 and O14 are closely related, as are O7 and O8, and it would be convenient to classify organisms possessing these antigens collectively as O7,8 and O13,14. (+info)

Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from primary cultures by a slide agglutination test. (2/1654)

Hen antigonococcal lipopolysaccharide hen serum was used in a simple slide agglutination test for the identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from primary isolates. (+info)

Differential immunodiagnosis between cystic hydatid disease and other cross-reactive pathologies. (3/1654)

We assessed an Echinococcus granulosus hydatid fluid antigen-ELISA (EgHF-ELISA) as a serologic prescreening test for E. granulosus infections, supplemented by more specific confirmatory tests, including arc-5 immunoprecipitation and antigen B subunit 8-kD immunoblotting. The diagnostic sensitivity of the EgHF-ELISA was 91%. With regard to the test specificity of the EgHF-ELISA (overall = 82%), we observed relatively frequent cross-reactions in tumor patients (6%) and in patients with other parasitic diseases. Cestode-related cross-reactivity can be resolved by the complementary use of E. multilocularis-specific antigens or Taenia solium cysticercosis-specific immunoblotting. Immunoblotting based upon the detection of antibody reactivity to the 8-kD antigen of EgHF, or if appropriately detectable, to the 29-kD and 34-kD bands exhibited a 91% diagnostic sensitivity and an overall specificity of 97% or 94%, respectively. Thus, immunoblotting provided a 99% discrimination between seropositive pre-operative cystic hydatid disease cases and cross-reactive non-cestode parasitic infections or malignancies. (+info)

Acute Chagas' disease in western Venezuela: a clinical, seroparasitologic, and epidemiologic study. (4/1654)

A clinical, parasitologic, and serologic study carried out between 1988 and 1996 on 59 acute-phase patients in areas of western Venezuela where Chagas' disease is endemic showed 19 symptomatic patterns or groups of symptoms appearing in combination with different frequencies. The symptomatic pattern with the highest frequency was that showing simultaneously fever, myalgia, headache, and Romana's sign, which was detected in 20% of the acute-phase patients. Asymptomatic individuals and patients with fever as the only sign of the disease made up 15% and 11.9% of the total acute cases, respectively. Statistical correlation analysis revealed that xenodiagnosis and hemoculture were the most reliable and concordant of the five parasitologic methods used; these two methods also showed the highest proportions in detecting any clinical symptomatic pattern in acute-phase patients. A similar high reliability and concordance was obtained with a direct agglutination test, an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test, and an ELISA as serologic tests, which also showed a higher proportion of positive detection of clinical patterns than parasitologic methods (P < 0.001). It is recommended that individuals coming from endemic areas showing mild and/or severe clinical manifestations should be suspected of being in contact or having been in contact with Trypanosoma cruzi, be referred for parasitologic and serologic evaluations to confirm the presumptive clinical diagnosis of acute Chagas' disease, and start specific treatment. The epidemiologic implications of the present findings are discussed and the use of similar methodology to evaluate other areas where Chagas' disease is endemic is suggested. (+info)

Antibodies reactive with the N-terminal domain of Plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen inhibit cell proliferation by agglutinating merozoites and schizonts. (5/1654)

The serine repeat antigen (SERA) is a vaccine candidate antigen of Plasmodium falciparum. Immunization of mice with Escherichia coli-produced recombinant protein of the SERA N-terminal domain (SE47') induced an antiserum that was inhibitory to parasite growth in vitro. Affinity-purified mouse antibodies specific to the recombinant protein inhibited parasite growth between the schizont and ring stages but not between the ring and schizont stages. When Percoll-purified schizonts were cultured with the affinity-purified SE47'-specific antibodies, schizonts and merozoites were agglutinated. Indirect-immunofluorescence assays with unfixed parasite cells showed that SE47'-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) bound to SERA molecules on rupturing schizonts and merozoites but the IgG did not react with the schizont-infected erythrocytes (RBC). Furthermore, double-fluorescence staining against SE47'-specific IgG and anti-human RBC membrane IgG showed that the RBC membrane disappeared from SE47'-specific-IgG-bound schizonts after cultivation. These observations suggest that the SE47'-specific antibodies inhibit parasite growth by cross-linking SERA molecules that are associated with merozoites in rupturing schizonts with partly broken RBC and parasitophorous vacuole membranes, blocking merozoite release. (+info)

Three cases of canine leptospirosis in Quebec. (6/1654)

Three dogs from different locations with acute renal failure were hospitalized in autumn 1996 and 1997. Leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was detected by the microscopic agglutination test. All dogs recovered after antibiotic treatment. The importance of the development of vaccines adapted to emerging serovars in dogs should be addressed. (+info)

Lectins as membrane components of mitochondria from Ricinus communis. (7/1654)

1. Mitochondria were isolated from developing endosperm of Ricinus communis and were fractionated into outer membrane and inner membrane. The relative purity of the two membrane fractions was determined by marker enzymes. The fractions were also examined by negative-stain electron microscopy. 2. Membrane fractions were sequentially extracted in the following way. (a) Suspension in 0.5M-potassium phosphate, pH7.1; (b)suspension in 0.1M-EDTA (disodium salt)/0.05M-potassium phosphate, pH7.1; (c) sonication in 0.05M-potassium phosphate, pH7.1;(d)sonication in aq. Triton X-100 (0.1%). The membranes were pelleted by centrifugation at 100 000g for 15 min, between each step. Agglutination activity in the extracts was investigated by using trypsin-treated rabbit erythrocytes. 3. The addition of lactose to inner mitochondrial membrane resulted in the solubilization of part of the lectin activity, indicating that the protein was attached to the membrane via its carbohydrate-binding site. Pretreatment of the membranes with lactose before tha usual extraction procedure showed that lactose could extract lectins that normally required more harsh treatment of the membrane for solubilization. 4. Lectins extracted from inner membranes were purified by affinity chromatography on agarose gel. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of purified samples in sodium dodecyl sulphate indicated that at least part of the lectin present in inner mitochondrial membrane was identical with the R. communis agglutinin of mol.wt. 120 000. (+info)

An immunoblotting procedure comprising O = 9,12 and H = d antigens as an alternative to the Widal agglutination assay. (8/1654)

AIMS: To compare the established Widal agglutination assay with an immunoblotting procedure. METHODS: 110 sera were used to compare the established Widal agglutination assay with an immunoblotting procedure incorporating lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (O = 9,12) and flagellar (H = d) antigens. RESULTS: Antibodies to the LPS antigens were detected in 18 sera by the Widal assay and in 37 by immunoblotting. Antibodies to the flagellar antigens were detected in 27 sera by Widal assay and in 25 by immunoblotting. CONCLUSIONS: An immunoblotting procedure incorporating O = 9,12 LPS and H = d flagellar antigens was rapid and more sensitive than the established Widal agglutination assay for providing evidence of infection with S typhi. (+info)

Visceral leishmaniasis

A second rapid test (called latex agglutination test) gave correct, positive results in 64% of the people with the disease and ... June 2006). "Serological diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis: direct agglutination test versus rK39 strip test". Trans. ... Other types of tests have not been studied thoroughly enough to ascertain their efficacy. The K39 dipstick test is easy to ... Conversely, because serological tests look for an immune response and not for the organism itself, the test does not become ...

Direct agglutination test

A direct agglutination test (DAT) is any test that uses whole organisms as a means of looking for serum antibodies. The ... 2006). "Serological diagnosis of Indian visceral leishmaniasis: direct agglutination test versus rK39 strip test". Trans R Soc ... abbreviation, DAT, is most frequently used for the serological test for visceral leishmaniasis. Sundar S, Singh RK, Maurya R, ...

Clostridium difficile toxin A

Evaluation of a latex agglutination test". The American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 86 (2): 208-11. PMID 3739972. Tucker KD ...

Laboratory robotics

Barsoum, I. S.; Awad, A. Y. (1972). "Microtiter plate agglutination test for Salmonella antibodies". Applied microbiology. 23 ( ... Simulated distillation, a type of gas chromatography testing method used in the petroleum, can be automated via robotics. An ... testing). Many laboratory robots are commonly referred as autosamplers, as their main task is to provide continuous samples for ... companies employ robots to move biological or chemical samples around to synthesize novel chemical entities or to test ...

Charlotte C. Campbell

Saslaw, Samuel; Campbell, Charlotte C. (1949). "A Collodion Agglutination Test for Histoplasmosis". Public Health Reports. 64 ( ... At Walter Reed she performed serological tests diagnosing cases of Histoplasmosis capsulati, blastomycosis, and ... "A Comparison between Histoplasmin and Blastomycin by the Collodion Agglutination Technique". Public Health Reports. 64 (9): 290 ...

Human cytomegalovirus

Other tests include various fluorescence assays, indirect hemagglutination, (PCR) and latex agglutination. An ELISA technique ... However, routine testing of all pregnant women is costly and the need for testing should therefore be evaluated on a case-by- ... Phenotypic resistance testing involves cultivation of the virus in cell culture and testing its susceptibility using different ... but has negative test results for hepatitis A, B, and C. For best diagnostic results, laboratory tests for CMV antibody should ...

Myron W. Wentz

"Latex agglutination test for detection of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii". J Clin Microbiol 1988;26(11):2444-46. McNeil C, ... In 1974, Wentz launched Gull Laboratories as a one-man operation and developed a test for diagnosing Epstein-Barr virus ...

Widal test

CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link) Olopoenia LA, King AL (February 2000). "Widal agglutination test - 100 years ... A new serological test called the Tubex test is neither superior nor better performing than the Widal test. Therefore, Tubex ... "TUBEX Test Versus Widal Test In The Diagnosis Of Typhoid Fever In Kafr El -Shekh, Egypt". J Egypt Public Health Assoc. 85: 285- ... Typhidot is the other test used to ascertain the diagnosis of typhoid fever. As with all serological tests, the rise in ...

Mycoplasma meleagridis

ELISA and the Slide Agglutination Test are used for serological diagnosis. Antibiotics are effective at treating and preventing ... Vertical transmission is difficult to prevent, but males can be tested before breeding and eggs can be dipped in a Tylosin bath ...

Meningeal syphilis

"Response of Treponema pallidum Particle Agglutination Test Titers to Treatment of Syphilis". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 56 ( ... Serology includes two types of antibody test: Nontreponemal antibody test and Treponemal antibody test (specific test). The ... This stage can be diagnosed through specific tests in serology. The nonspecific tests may be negative. At this point, there is ... The Treponemal antibody test (specific test) confirms with FTA-ABS (Fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption). Brain imaging ...

Weil-Felix test

The Weil-Felix test is an agglutination test for the diagnosis of rickettsial infections. It was first described in 1916. By ... Weil-Felix is a nonspecific agglutination test which detects anti-rickettsial antibodies in patient's serum. Weil-Felix test is ... The Weil-Felix test can be done as either a slide or a tube test. The antigens necessary (OX2, OX19, and OXK) can be obtained ... despite being superseded in many settings by more sensitive and specific diagnostic tests. The basis of the test is the ...

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Another common laboratory test is a rapid latex agglutination test that detects the PBP2a protein. PBP2a is a variant ... Rapid culture and sensitivity testing and molecular testing identifies carriers and reduces infection rates. MRSA can be ... "MRSA latex test for PBP2". Jensen SO, Lyon BR (June 2009). "Genetics of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus". ... However, in 2011, a variant of vancomycin has been tested that binds to the lactate variation and also binds well to the ...

Burkholderia pseudomallei

November 2007). "Accuracy of Burkholderia pseudomallei identification using the API 20NE system and a latex agglutination test ... Disc diffusion tests are unreliable when looking for co-trimoxazole resistance in B. pseudomallei (they greatly overestimate ... In Thailand, a latex agglutination assay is widely used, while a rapid immunofluorescence technique is also available in a ... For environmental specimens only, differentiation from the nonpathogenic B. thailandensis using an arabinose test is necessary ...

Bovine Campylobacteriosis

Specifically, C. fetus can be detected from cervicovaginal mucus using an agglutination test or ELISA. C. jejuni can be treated ...

George Siber bibliography

Daum, RS; Siber, GR; Kamon, JS; Russell, RR (Apr 1982). "Evaluation of a commercial latex particle agglutination test for rapid ... Gupta, RK; Siber, GR (1996). "Use of in vitro Vero cell assay and ELISA in the United States potency test of vaccines ... Endotoxin neutralizing capacity of sera from different patient populations assessed by the limulus lysate test. In: Watson SW, ... Gupta, RK; Siber, GR (Aug 1995). "Reappraisal of existing methods for potency testing of vaccines against tetanus and ...

Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens

Bacteria may be detected beneath the seedcoat by means of a combined cultural and slide agglutination test. Bean seed from ... Since most plant pathogens are Gram-negative detection of Gram-positive bacterium, using methods such as the KOH test, is a ...

Serotype

"Determining the serotype of isolated Salmonella strains in the veterinary sector using the rapid slide agglutination test". ... First of all, the use of the agglutination method on slides is required in order to get the antigen formula. The agglutination ... The antigen O is tested with a bacterial suspension from an agar plate whereas the antigen H is tested with a bacterial ... The scheme is used to classify the serovar depending on its antigen formula obtained with the reaction of the agglutination. ...

Leptospirosis

... microscopic agglutination test), a serological test, is considered the gold standard in diagnosing leptospirosis. As a large ... Kidney function tests (blood urea nitrogen and creatinine) as well as blood tests for liver functions are performed. The latter ... Antigenically related serovars are grouped into 24 serogroups, which are identified using the microscopic agglutination test ( ... Laboratory testing is lacking in many areas. In context of global epidemiology, the socioeconomic status of many of the world's ...

Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida

Slide agglutination test using specific antiserum is needed for a confirmative identification of the microorganism (Romalde, ... The presumptive identification of the pathogen is based on standard biochemical tests. In addition, although Ph. damselae subsp ...

Mycoplasma synoviae

Bacterial culture, immunofluorescence, PCR, ELISA or slide agglutination tests (SAT) can be used to make a more definitive ...

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-RhE)

Blood testing for the mother is called an Indirect Coombs Test (ICT) or an Indirect Agglutination Test (IAT). This test tells ... This blood test is non-invasive to the fetus and is an easy way of checking antigen status and risk of HDN. Testing has proven ... Fetal antigen status can be tested as early as 15 weeks by PCR of fetal cells. CVS is possible as well to test fetal antigen ... This test is run from cord blood. In some cases, the direct coombs will be negative but severe, even fatal HDN can occur. An ...

Brucella

Oxidase and catalase tests are positive for most members of the genus Brucella. Serum agglutination with a titer > 1:160 in the ... developed the agglutination test, diagnostic of the disease. In 1905, Zammit, a Maltese physician, identified goats as the ... five patients with positive ELISA had a negative tube agglutination test. In the setting of Brucella arthritis, the synovial- ... PCR testing for fluid and tissue samples other than blood has also been described. A history of animal contact is pivotal; in ...

Rheumatoid factor

Banchuin, N; Janyapoon, K; Sarntivijai, S; Parivisutt, L (1992). "Re-evaluation of ELISA and latex agglutination test for ... It is still referred to as the Waaler-Rose test. Falkenburg, W.J.J. (November 2015). "IgG Subclass Specificity Discriminates ... Rose, HM; Ragan, C (1948). "Differential agglutination of normal and sensitized sheep erythrocytes by sera of patients with ... RF on MedlinePlus Rheumatoid Factor on Lab Tests Online Rheumatoid Factor at eMedicine Rheumatoid Factor on WebMD. ...

Haemophilus influenzae

The latex particle agglutination test (LAT) is a more sensitive method to detect H. influenzae than is culture. Because the ... 2007). "Incidence of bacterial meningitis in Asia using enhanced CSF testing: polymerase chain reaction, latex agglutination ... However, antibiotic sensitivity testing is not possible with LAT alone, so a parallel culture is necessary. Polymerase chain ... Lab tests showed neutrophils exposed to dead H. influenzae were more aggressive in attacking S. pneumoniae than unexposed ...

Mallein test

"Comparative Evaluation of Rose Bengal Plate Agglutination Test, Mallein Test, and Some Conventional Serological Tests for ... The mallein test is a sensitive and specific clinical test for glanders, a common bacterial disease of equids (horses, donkeys ... mules). This test is an allergic hypersensitivity test used as a diagnosis for glanders. It is caused by a bacterium called ... Hagebock, J.M., Schlater, L.K., Frerichs, W.M., & Olsen, D.D. (1993). "Serologic Responses to the Mallein Test for Glanders". ...

Index of linguistics articles

Agglutination - Agglutinative language - Allative case - Allomorph - Allophone - Alphabet - Analytic language - Anaphora - ... Wug test X-bar theory Zipf's law. ...

Semen quality

... abnormal postcoital test. Several tests are presently available including Sperm Immobilization test, Sperm Agglutination tests ... Hemizona test is a test to evaluate sperm zona-binding capacity. In this test, the two halves of human zona pellucida is ... One of the most informative and specific tests is Immunobead Rosette Test which can identify different antibody classes ... Men who scored high on a battery of intelligence tests tended to have higher counts of healthy sperm, while low scorers tended ...

Duration of urinary excretion of leptospires by cattle naturally or experimentally infected with Leptospira interrogans serovar...

Five of 15 naturally infected animals with microscopic agglutination test titres of , or = 1:300 shed leptospires for between ...

http://veterinaryrecord.bmj.com/content/131/19/435

HETEROPHILE ANTIBODY REACTION IN INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS* | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of Physicians

The sheep cell agglutination test or heterophile antibody reaction, as it is also called, is a laboratory procedure of ... In this country one frequently speaks alternately of the Paul-Bunnell test; and in Europe it is often referred to as the ...

http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/673018/heterophile-antibody-reaction-infectious-mononucleosis

Most recent papers with the keyword Sperm agglutination | Read by QxMD

Using 30 bulls with neosporosis diagnosed by modified agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and 15 ... individuals and were screened by tray agglutination tests (TAT)... ... Head-to-head agglutination of ram spermatozoa is induced by dilution in the Tyrodes capacitation medium with albumin, lactate ... In addition to "agglutination", the terms "association", "rouleaux", or "rosettes" are employed interchangeably to describe the ...

https://www.readbyqxmd.com/keyword/68753

Agglutination Tests, Latex - Medical Dictionary online-medical-dictionary.org

Agglutination Tests, Latex. Passive Agglutination Tests in which Antigen is adsorbed onto Latex particles which then clump in ...

http://www.online-medical-dictionary.org/definitions-a/agglutination-tests-latex.html

Direct agglutination test - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_agglutination_test

Improved microtechnique for the leptospiral microscopic agglutination test. - PubMed - NCBI

Improved microtechnique for the leptospiral microscopic agglutination test.. Cole JR Jr, Sulzer CR, Pursell AR. ... whereas the original Galton microtechnique and the original MA test agreed in a maximum of 77% of the tests. This study ... The results obtained by comparing positive test data from human and animal sera indicated that agreement between the original ... Simultaneous titrations were performed on 281 animal and human sera and 17 hyperimmune sera with the microscopic agglutination ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4736794?dopt=Abstract

Latex Agglutination Testing | Thermo Fisher Scientific - FR

Find your identification and confirmation solution from one of the largest portfolios of latex agglutination products in the ... Identify a wide range of species and Legionella pneumophila serogroups from culture with a trusted name in latex agglutination. ... With a wide range of organisms and organism types, you can find solutions that test from human and food samples, blood culture ... Find your identification and confirmation solution from one of the largest portfolios of latex agglutination products in the ...

http://www.thermofisher.com/fr/fr/home/industrial/microbiology/microbial-identification/latex-agglutination-testing.html

Microplate Agglutination Test for Canine Brucellosis Using Recombinant Antigen-Coated Beads

... Yussaira Castillo,1 Masato ... L. W. George and L. E. Carmichael, "A plate agglutination test for the rapid diagnosis of canine brucellosis," The American ... D. M. Myers, V. M. Varela Diaz, and E. A. Coltorti, "Comparative sensitivity of gel diffusion and tube agglutination tests for ... M. Kimura, K. Imaoka, M. Suzuki, T. Kamiyama, and A. Yamada, "Evaluation of a Microplate Agglutination Test (MAT) for ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2014/348529/ref/

Tube agglutination test - definition of tube agglutination test by The Free Dictionary

tube agglutination test synonyms, tube agglutination test pronunciation, tube agglutination test translation, English ... dictionary definition of tube agglutination test. n. 1. The act or process of agglutinating; adhesion of distinct parts. 2. A ... clumped mass of material formed by agglutination. Also called agglutinate . ... Related to tube agglutination test: Widal test, slide agglutination test. ag·glu·ti·na·tion. (ə-glo͞ot′n-ā′shən). n.. 1. The ...

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/tube+agglutination+test

Latex Agglutination Test: Technique and Risks

Read more about the technique, preparation and risks involved in the test. ... The Latex agglutination test is also called as latex fixation test. ... Medical Health Tests Medical Tests Latex Agglutination Test Technique and Risks Associated With Latex Agglutination Test. ... The Latex agglutination technique is used in this test, and it is popular because results can be derived very quickly, in ...

http://www.medicalhealthtests.com/medical-tests/latex-agglutination-test.html

Latex Agglutination Testing | Thermo Fisher Scientific - US

https://www.thermofisher.com/us/en/home/industrial/microbiology/microbial-identification/latex-agglutination-testing.html

Latex agglutination test legal definition of latex agglutination test

What is latex agglutination test? Meaning of latex agglutination test as a legal term. What does latex agglutination test mean ... Definition of latex agglutination test in the Legal Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. ... agglutination. (redirected from latex agglutination test). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Financial, ... Identification was confirmed by detection of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) by latex agglutination test (PBP2 Test Kit ...

https://legal-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/latex+agglutination+test

PROBABLE INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS WITHOUT POSITIVE HETEROPHIL AGGLUTINATION TESTS* | Annals of Internal Medicine | American...

Furthermore, the heterophil agglutination tests should include absorption with guinea pig kidney and beef cell antigens ... PROBABLE INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS WITHOUT POSITIVE HETEROPHIL AGGLUTINATION TESTS1 SIDNEY LEIBOWITZ, M.D., F.A.C.P. ... LEIBOWITZ S. PROBABLE INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS WITHOUT POSITIVE HETEROPHIL AGGLUTINATION TESTS1. Ann Intern Med. ;44:717-737. ... would reveal positive heterophil agglutination tests. This statement requires some clarification: from the serologic viewpoint ...

http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/676192/probable-infectious-mononucleosis-without-positive-heterophil-agglutination-tests

Discrepant toxoplasma latex agglutination test results. | Journal of Clinical Pathology

The latex agglutination test is useful as a screen for toxoplasma infection but false positive reactions do occur. Patients at ... latex agglutination reactions were not confirmed in the dye test. These discrepant results were associated with an unspecified ...

http://jcp.bmj.com/content/42/2/200

Common causes of Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test - RightDiagnosis.com

Common causes of Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test symptom from a list of 1 total causes of symptom Rheumatoid ... Causes of Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test. *Common causes of Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test ... Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test. *Videos about Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test ... All Causes of Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test The full list of all possible causes for Rheumatoid arthritis ...

https://www.rightdiagnosis.com/symptoms/rheumatoid_arthritis_particle_agglutination_test/common.htm

Kala-azar: a comparative study of parasitological methods and the direct agglutination test in diagnosis. - PubMed - NCBI

Kala-azar: a comparative study of parasitological methods and the direct agglutination test in diagnosis.. Zijlstra EE1, Ali MS ... There was no relation between titres in the direct agglutination test and parasite load as determined by the number of ... In 6 (13%) of 46 patients tested, parasites were found, all by splenic aspiration. Bone marrow showed parasites in one of these ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1475815?dopt=Abstract

Differential agglutination test for diagnosis of recently acquired infection with Toxoplasma gondii. | Journal of Clinical...

We evaluated the recently described differential agglutination test (HS/AC test) to differentiate recently acquired toxoplasma ... Differential agglutination test for diagnosis of recently acquired infection with Toxoplasma gondii.. B R Dannemann, W C ... Differential agglutination test for diagnosis of recently acquired infection with Toxoplasma gondii. ... Differential agglutination test for diagnosis of recently acquired infection with Toxoplasma gondii. ...

https://jcm.asm.org/content/28/9/1928?ijkey=79b7f93b052983eff03b4fb42f75db10ea105cfd&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Variability in Results of the Microscopic Agglutination Test in Dogs with Clinical Leptospirosis and Dogs Vaccinated against...

Chappel RJ, Goris M, Palmer MF, Hartskeerl RA. Impact of proficiency testing on results of the microscopic agglutination test ... Background: The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is commonly used for the diagnosis of canine leptospirosis. In dogs it is ... The reference method for the serologic diagnosis of leptospirosis is the microscopic agglutination test (MAT).2,4,17 To perform ... Detection of antibodies against Leptospira serovars via microscopic agglutination tests in dogs in the United States, 2000-2007 ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0704.x/full?globalMessage=0

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Operational validation of the direct agglutination test for diagnosis...

Moreover, any operational guideline on DAT use has to consider the critical dependency of the predictive values of the test on ... The fundamental methodologic problem in VL test validation is the absence of a reliable gold standard. ... While corroborating previously reported sensitivity and specificity estimates of this serodiagnostic test, this study examined ... The validity of the direct agglutination test (DAT) for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) was studied with a standardized field kit ...

http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.129

Rapid Detection of Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates by the MRSA-Screen Latex Agglutination Test |...

The slide agglutination test MRSA-Screen (Denka Seiken Co., Niigata, Japan) was compared with the mecA PCR ("gold standard") ... Rapid Detection of Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates by the MRSA-Screen Latex Agglutination Test. Willem ... After 5 min of centrifugation (1,500 × g), 50 μl of the supernatant was used for testing agglutination with sensitized latex ... Rapid Detection of Methicillin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates by the MRSA-Screen Latex Agglutination Test ...

https://jcm.asm.org/content/37/9/3029?ijkey=7afacecd634943bca82d84d4f92cc582c3fe2c6c&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Detection of penicillin-binding protein 2a by rapid slide latex agglutination test in coagulase-negative staphylococci -...

Detection of penicillin-binding protein 2a by rapid slide latex agglutination test in coagulase-negative staphylococci ... Detection of penicillin-binding protein 2a by rapid slide latex agglutination test in coagulase-negative staphylococci. Journal ...

http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/61912/

CROSS REACTIONS IN AGGLUTINATION TESTS | JAMA | JAMA Network

So-called cross reactions may occur, however, in agglutination tests with specimens of blood from some of the patients with ... Gilbert R. CROSS REACTIONS IN AGGLUTINATION TESTS. JAMA. 1937;109(7):522. doi:10.1001/jama.1937.02780330050021 ...

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/278222?redirect=true

Get PDF - Comparison of a dot immunobinding assay and the serum agglutination test for detecting serological responses in...

Comparison of a dot immunobinding assay and the serum agglutination test for detecting serological responses in vaccinated and ... Comparison of the dot-immunobinding assay with the serum agglutination test, the Rose Bengal plate test and the milk ring test ... Comparison of the sensitivity and specificity of the rapid plate agglutination and slow micro-agglutination tests in fowls of ... rapid agglutination test and serum agglutination test. Avian Pathology 31(2): 201-204, 2002 ...

https://eurekamag.com/research/003/073/003073889.php

Haemophilus influenzae b detection using Rapid Latex Agglutination Test | Medical Laboratories

Tags: Agglutination Test, H.influenzae, Haemophilus influenzae, Haemophilus influenzae b, Haemophilus influenzae type b, latex ... The Latex Agglutination Test used for qualitative detection Haemophilus influenzae type b presents in samples like CSF, Body ... Haemophilus influenzae b detection using Rapid Latex Agglutination Test. 5 years ago by Medical Labs 0 ... Home Bacteriology Haemophilus influenzae b detection using Rapid Latex Agglutination Test ...

http://www.medical-labs.net/haemophilus-influenzae-b-detection-using-rapid-latex-agglutination-test-2639/

The false sero-negativity of brucella standard agglutination test: Prozone phenomenon - Semantic Scholar

Standard agglutination test (SAT) and Coombs test were performed to all patients. Results: SAT and Coombs test was negative in ... The fourth case remained negative and therefore, we applied high dilution Coombs test. This time the test gave a positive ... Conclusion: SAT and Coombs test must be diluted to titers 1/2560 or more in order to exclude false sero-negativity in cases ... The SAT and Coombs tests in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of the two cases with neurobrucellosis diagnosis were negative, as well. ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-false-sero-negativity-of-brucella-standard-Karsen-S%C3%B6kmen/070a08d805cbfe5c8899fb2394a66024332352ef

Using 30 bulls with neosporosis diagnosed by modified agglutination test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and 15 healthy bulls, some sperm parameters such as sperm concentration, viability, motility, and morphology were studied and compared. (readbyqxmd.com)

In this scenario, three hundred thirty-five serum samples from reproductively mature bovine bulls were subjected simultaneously to standard serodiagnosis using the rose Bengal test (RBT), 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME), complement fixation (CFT), and fluorescence polarization assay (FPA). (readbyqxmd.com)

Thus, diagnosis of bovine brucellosis based exclusively on serological tests probably underestimates B. abortus infections in bulls. (readbyqxmd.com)

Passive Agglutination Tests in which Antigen is adsorbed onto Latex particles which then clump in the presence of antibody specific for the adsorbed Antigen . (online-medical-dictionary.org)
A rapid agglutination assay for canine brucellosis using antigen coated beads," The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science , vol. 69, no. 5, pp. 477-480, 2007. (hindawi.com)
CSF cultures, Gram stain, and latex agglutination tests (Wellcogen Bacterial Antigen Kit, Lenexa, KS, USA) were performed in the local hospitals. (thefreedictionary.com)
Latex agglutination tests (LATs) first established in 1959 for the assay of serologic rheumatoid factor (2), commonly use latex microspheres with conjugated proteins to magnify effects of antigen-antibody interactions. (thefreedictionary.com)
Producing the same PBP2a antigen, all 10 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains score positived in both the latex test and the mecA PCR. (asm.org)
Denka Seiken has developed a simple latex agglutination assay for the detection of methicillin resistance, which makes use of a specific monoclonal antibody directed toward the PBP2a antigen ( 5 ). (asm.org)
Latex Agglutination Test When a particulate or insoluble antigen is mixed with its antibody in the presence of electrolytes at a suitable temperature and pH, the particles are clumped or agglutinated. (microbenotes.com)
The collected serum samples were tested by DAT and ELISA using crude antigen from promastigotes of Leishmania infantum and the urine samples were tested by KAtex. (ac.ir)
The slide widal agglutination test shows false positive result in 5.3% and 48.1% serum samples with S.typhi O antigen & S.typhi H antigen, respectively. (innovativepublication.com)
The Positive Predictive Value of widal slide agglutination test for O antigen and H antigen is 94% and 52% respectively. (innovativepublication.com)
The slide widal agglutination test showed high false positive rate and low positive predictive value especially with S.typhi H antigen. (innovativepublication.com)

Identification was confirmed by detection of penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) by latex agglutination test (PBP2' Test Kit, Oxoid, Hants, UK). (thefreedictionary.com)

The Widal test is widely used in Africa but little information exists about its reliability. (biomedcentral.com)
We assessed the performance of the Widal tube agglutination test among febrile hospitalized Tanzanian children. (biomedcentral.com)
Various agglutination tests have been developed [ 2 ] of which the Widal method is the oldest and remains the most widely used. (biomedcentral.com)
The test was first introduced by F. Widal in 1896 [ 2 ] and is based on a macroscopically visible serum - mediated agglutination reaction between S. typhi somatic lipopolysacharide O antigens (TO) and flagellar H antigens (TH). (biomedcentral.com)
In Africa the Widal test is still widely used [ 3 ] because typhoid fever is perceived to be endemic in the area [ 3 ] and the Widal test is the only rapid diagnostic assay that is available and affordable. (biomedcentral.com)
The Widal test is commonly performed when children and adults present with fever to treatment centers, as few centers have the capacity to perform micro-bacterial culture [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
We assessed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the Widal tube agglutination test among Tanzanian children hospitalized with febrile illness and compared our results with those from previous studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Study of diagnostic efficacy of widal slide agglutination test against widal tube agglutination test in enteric fever-IJMR-IP Innovative Publication Pvt. (innovativepublication.com)
The slide widal is most commonly performed rapid method to diagnose due to its convenience, but its results are required to be compare with more standardly established tube widal test for its actual diagnostic significance. (innovativepublication.com)
This study aims to compare the result of slide widal test with tube widal test to ascertain any significant difference between two methods. (innovativepublication.com)
The 100 pre-collected serum samples with widal test request were received for the study over the six months period. (innovativepublication.com)
Comparison of slide widal agglutination test with tube widal agglutination was done considering tube widal as a standard. (innovativepublication.com)
Therefore, the result of slide widal agglutination needs to be confirmed by tube widal agglutination test. (innovativepublication.com)
In Africa, the Widal test is done in the majority of laboratories by rapid tests whose performances are poorly documented. (openmedicinejournal.com)
In our context, the majority of tests evaluated should not be used to carry out the Widal test. (openmedicinejournal.com)
Single Widal agglutination test rather than blood culture, is commonly employed to diagnose typhoid fever in Nigeria. (hesp-news.org)
The authors took another look at the Widal agglutination test as a preferred option for diagnosis of typhoid fever by determining the specificity and sensitivity of Widal agglutination test in febrile adult patients. (hesp-news.org)
They conclude that a single Widal agglutination test is not a valid diagnostic option for typhoid fever while co-infection with malaria parasite is the preponderant microbiological finding in typhoid fever infections. (hesp-news.org)
The severity of malaria parasitemia is associated with positive titers on Widal test. (hesp-news.org)

Improved microtechnique for the leptospiral microscopic agglutination test. (nih.gov)
Simultaneous titrations were performed on 281 animal and human sera and 17 hyperimmune sera with the microscopic agglutination (MA) test and the improved microtechnique. (nih.gov)
The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) is commonly used for the diagnosis of canine leptospirosis. (wiley.com)
The samples were subjected to Latex agglutination test after direct microscopic examination and routine bacteriological analysis immediately. (thefreedictionary.com)

Furthermore, the heterophil agglutination tests should include absorption with guinea pig kidney and beef cell antigens particularly for titers that are, unabsorbed, within the normal range of 1:56 or lower, or within slightly elevated ranges such as 1:112 or 1:224. (annals.org)
The antibody titers were measured by standard tube agglutination test (STAT), microtiter plate agglutination test (MAT), indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA), and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) as per standard protocols. (veterinaryworld.org)

In conclusion, due to excellent specificity and sensitivity the MRSA-Screen latex test has the potential to be successfully used for routine applications in the microbiology laboratory. (asm.org)

In order to test the extent of cross-reactivity of the MRSA-Screen assay, other species were also included: 10 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) strains and 10 isolates each of species of the family Enterobacteriaceae , Micrococcus spp. (asm.org)
The serological test for the diagnosis ofbrucellosis in cattle was performed by rose Bengal test (RBT), slow agglutination test (SAT) for screening and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA) for confirmatory diagnosis. (thefreedictionary.com)

High sensitivity and specificity of the Pastorex latex agglutination test for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup A during a clinical trial in Niger. (thefreedictionary.com)
While corroborating previously reported sensitivity and specificity estimates of this serodiagnostic test, this study examined the bias generated by commonly used test validation procedures. (ajtmh.org)
KAtex yielded a satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in di-agnosis of VL in Iran and can be recommended as a rapid, field applicable and reliable test for diagnosis of VL in this region. (ac.ir)

You will be given a clean tube or bottle, and will have to provide a sample of urine for testing. (medicalhealthtests.com)
we used a panel of 170 samples collected from subjects suspected of typhoid or paratyphoid fever in Abidjan to determine the sensitivity, the specificity and operational characteristics of 9 plate agglutination tests (BIOREX ® , BIOTEC ® , CHRONOLAB ® , CROMATEST ® , FORTRESS ® , PLASMATEC ® , CYPRESS ® , SPINREACT ® and TYDAL ® ) compared to the reference technique SALMONELLA SEROLOGY ® of BIORAD (tube agglutination). (openmedicinejournal.com)

Agglutination reactions are classified as direct, indirect (passive) and reverse passive agglutination reactions. (microbenotes.com)

Kala-azar: a comparative study of parasitological methods and the direct agglutination test in diagnosis. (nih.gov)
There was no relation between titres in the direct agglutination test and parasite load as determined by the number of parasitological methods which were positive or parasite density in splenic aspirates. (nih.gov)
To compare three diag-nostic tests of VL including KAtex, ELISA and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT) in VL patients and healthy controls in the south west of Iran. (ac.ir)
The use of an easy-to-use and interpret, sensitive, and specific method that requires no complex infrastructure or specialized professionals, such as direct agglutination test (DAT) and the rK39-based rapid immunochromatographic test may enhance the diagnosis of disease. (ebscohost.com)

Carmichael, "A plate agglutination test for the rapid diagnosis of canine brucellosis," The American Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. (thefreedictionary.com)

Their characteristics were improved with the semi-quantitative plate agglutination test. (openmedicinejournal.com)

Latex agglutination test (LAT) is the most commonly used serological method due to its simplicity in performance (14-17). (thefreedictionary.com)
This is not a direct indication as to how commonly these diseases are the actual cause of Rheumatoid arthritis particle agglutination test , but gives a relative idea as to how frequent these diseases are seen overall. (rightdiagnosis.com)

An evaluation of serological tests in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis in naturally infected cattle in KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa. (semanticscholar.org)

The MAT is a valuable test for the diagnosis of leptospirosis in dogs, but it is unlikely that test results can be used to predict the infecting serogroup. (wiley.com)

Evaluation of serodiagnostic tests for T.b. gambiense human African trypanosomiasis in southern Sudan. (msf.org)
An evaluation of the reactivity of the card agglutination test for trypanosomiasis (CATT) reagent in the Fontem sleeping sickness focus, Cameroon. (msf.org)

Detect Bacillis cereus or Clostridium perfringens enterotoxins and E. coli verocytotoxin VT1 and VT2 from food or fecal specimens, or detect staphylococcal toxic-shock syndrome toxin (TST) with a complete kit for Reversed Passive Latex Agglutination (RPLA). (thermofisher.com)

Moreover, any operational guideline on DAT use has to consider the critical dependency of the predictive values of the test on VL prevalence rates. (ajtmh.org)
The positive predictive values of the rapid test and the DAT were 98% and 97%, respectively and the negative predictive values were 89% and 84%, respectively. (ebscohost.com)

With a wide range of organisms and organism types, you can find solutions that test from human and food samples, blood culture, and colonies isolated on plated culture media. (thermofisher.com)

A cheap and rapid alternative laboratory test is desirable, especially for developing country settings where typhoid fever is a major public health burden. (biomedcentral.com)
We evaluate the performance of 9 commercial rapid tests used in Côte d'Ivoire for the serodiagnosis of typhoid and paratyphoid fever. (openmedicinejournal.com)
This study evaluated the performance of a rapid test (DiaMed- IT-LEISHÂ®) and the DAT for the diagnosis of VL in 213 parasitologically confirmed cases and 119 controls with clinical suspicion of VL and confirmation of another etiology. (ebscohost.com)
The sensitivities and specificities of the rapid test were 93% and 97%, respectively and those of the DAT were 90% and 96%, respectively. (ebscohost.com)
This study showed that the DAT and the rapid test can be used to diagnose VL in Brazil, following a pilot study for implementation of the rapid test in the health services. (ebscohost.com)

Various types of body fluids such as urine, blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or serum can be used for the test. (medicalhealthtests.com)
Many techniques have been used for diagnosis of VL, among which the urine based la-tex agglutination test (KAtex) is a promising one. (ac.ir)

We evaluated the recently described differential agglutination test (HS/AC test) to differentiate recently acquired toxoplasma infections from those acquired in the more distant past in sera obtained from 38 patients with carefully defined symptomatic and asymptomatic infections. (asm.org)

So-called cross reactions may occur, however, in agglutination tests with specimens of blood from some of the patients with these infections. (jamanetwork.com)

All tests had good operational characteristics. (openmedicinejournal.com)

It has been the writer's opinion heretofore that all cases of infectious mononucleosis, if properly studied, would reveal positive heterophil agglutination tests. (annals.org)
Follow-up of Card Agglutination Trypanosomiasis Test (CATT) positive but apparently aparasitaemic individuals in Côte d'Ivoire: evidence for a complex and heterogeneous population. (msf.org)

S. aureus strains were identified by the AccuProbe S. aureus culture identification test (Gen-Probe, Inc., San Diego, Calif.), performed in accordance with the manufacturer's protocol. (asm.org)
Methicillin resistance of all S. aureus (MRSA and MSSA) and S. epidermidis (MRSE) strains was analyzed by means of the disk diffusion test in accordance with National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards guidelines ( 6 ), and the mecA gene was detected by PCR as the "gold standard" ( 4 ). (asm.org)
The complete panel of strains (Table 1 ) was tested with MRSA-Screen, and the test was performed in accordance with the manufacturer's protocol. (asm.org)

Preliminary tests of this study were presented at the 25th Annual American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine Forum, Seattle, WA, 2007. (wiley.com)