All of Africa except Northern Africa (AFRICA, NORTHERN).
The geographical area of Africa comprising ALGERIA; EGYPT; LIBYA; MOROCCO; and TUNISIA. It includes also the vast deserts and oases of the Sahara. It is often referred to as North Africa, French-speaking Africa, or the Maghreb. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p856)
A republic in southern Africa, the southernmost part of Africa. It has three capitals: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), and Bloemfontein (judicial). Officially the Republic of South Africa since 1960, it was called the Union of South Africa 1910-1960.
A type of climate characterized by insufficient moisture to support appreciable plant life. It is a climate of extreme aridity, usually of extreme heat, and of negligible rainfall. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A republic in western Africa, southwest of ALGERIA and west of MALI. Its capital is Nouakchott.
Areas set apart as burial grounds.
Those customs and ceremonies pertaining to the dead.
A republic in central Africa, east of NIGER, west of SUDAN and south of LIBYA. Its capital is N'Djamena.
The period of history before 500 of the common era.
The geographical area of Africa comprising CAMEROON; CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC; CHAD; CONGO; EQUATORIAL GUINEA; GABON; and DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO.
A country in northern Africa bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between MOROCCO and TUNISIA. Its capital is Algiers.
The geographical area of Africa comprising BENIN; BURKINA FASO; COTE D'IVOIRE; GAMBIA; GHANA; GUINEA; GUINEA-BISSAU; LIBERIA; MALI; MAURITANIA; NIGER; NIGERIA; SENEGAL; SIERRA LEONE; and TOGO.
The scientific study of past societies through artifacts, fossils, etc.
The geographical area of Africa comprising ANGOLA; BOTSWANA; LESOTHO; MALAWI; MOZAMBIQUE; NAMIBIA; SOUTH AFRICA; SWAZILAND; ZAMBIA; and ZIMBABWE.
The geographical area of Africa comprising BURUNDI; DJIBOUTI; ETHIOPIA; KENYA; RWANDA; SOMALIA; SUDAN; TANZANIA; and UGANDA.
The act or ceremony of putting a corpse into the ground or a vault, or into the sea; or the inurnment of CREMAINS.
A system using beamed and reflected radio signals to and from an object in such a way that range, bearing, and other characteristics of the object may be determined.
The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)
The process of leaving one's country to establish residence in a foreign country.
Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.
A plant genus of the family MYRTACEAE. Members contain PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS.
Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.
Periodic movements of animals in response to seasonal changes or reproductive instinct. Hormonal changes are the trigger in at least some animals. Most migrations are made for reasons of climatic change, feeding, or breeding.
Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.
A trace element with the atomic symbol B, atomic number 5, and atomic weight [10.806; 10.821]. Boron-10, an isotope of boron, is used as a neutron absorber in BORON NEUTRON CAPTURE THERAPY.
The state of the ATMOSPHERE over minutes to months.
The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.
The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
A state in south central Australia. Its capital is Adelaide. It was probably first visited by F. Thyssen in 1627. Later discoveries in 1802 and 1830 opened up the southern part. It became a British province in 1836 with this self-descriptive name and became a state in 1901. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1135)
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
A mass of organic or inorganic solid fragmented material, or the solid fragment itself, that comes from the weathering of rock and is carried by, suspended in, or dropped by air, water, or ice. It refers also to a mass that is accumulated by any other natural agent and that forms in layers on the earth's surface, such as sand, gravel, silt, mud, fill, or loess. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1689)
A state in southeastern Australia. Its capital is Sydney. It was discovered by Captain Cook in 1770 and first settled at Botany Bay by marines and convicts in 1788. It was named by Captain Cook who thought its coastline resembled that of South Wales. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p840 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p377)
A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The EDIBLE GRAIN, barley, is widely used as food.
The largest of the continents. It was known to the Romans more specifically as what we know today as Asia Minor. The name comes from at least two possible sources: from the Assyrian asu (to rise) or from the Sanskrit usa (dawn), both with reference to its being the land of the rising sun, i.e., eastern as opposed to Europe, to the west. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p82 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p34)
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.
The geographical area of Asia comprising BORNEO; BRUNEI; CAMBODIA; INDONESIA; LAOS; MALAYSIA; the MEKONG VALLEY; MYANMAR (formerly Burma), the PHILIPPINES; SINGAPORE; THAILAND; and VIETNAM.
Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.
The geographical designation for the countries of the MIDDLE EAST and the countries BANGLADESH; BHUTAN; INDIA; NEPAL; PAKISTAN; and SRI LANKA. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993 & Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988)
A system of traditional medicine which is based on the beliefs and practices of the African peoples. It includes treatment by medicinal plants and other materia medica as well as by the ministrations of diviners, medicine men, witch doctors, and sorcerers.
A republic in western Africa, south of SENEGAL and MALI, east of GUINEA-BISSAU. Its capital is Conakry.
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
A field of study concerned with the principles and processes governing the geographic distributions of genealogical lineages, especially those within and among closely related species. (Avise, J.C., Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, 2000)
A republic in central Africa lying east of CHAD and the CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and west of NIGERIA. The capital is Yaounde.
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
A republic in eastern Africa, south of SUDAN and west of KENYA. Its capital is Kampala.
A republic in eastern Africa, south of ETHIOPIA, west of SOMALIA with TANZANIA to its south, and coastline on the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Nairobi.
The status of health in rural populations.
A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam. It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of TANGANYIKA and ZANZIBAR.
A republic in western Africa, south of BURKINA FASO and west of TOGO. Its capital is Accra.
Agents used to treat RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.
Agents used to treat AIDS and/or stop the spread of the HIV infection. These do not include drugs used to treat symptoms or opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Individual members of South American ethnic groups with historic ancestral origins in Asia.
A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER and between TOGO and NIGERIA. Its capital is Porto-Novo. It was formerly called Dahomey. In the 17th century it was a kingdom in the southern area of Africa. Coastal footholds were established by the French who deposed the ruler by 1892. It was made a French colony in 1894 and gained independence in 1960. Benin comes from the name of the indigenous inhabitants, the Bini, now more closely linked with southern Nigeria (Benin City, a town there). Bini may be related to the Arabic bani, sons. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p136, 310 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p60)
Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.
Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.
The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.
Aspects of health and disease related to travel.
The region of southwest Asia and northeastern Africa usually considered as extending from Libya on the west to Afghanistan on the east. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988)
An infant during the first month after birth.
The capital is Seoul. The country, established September 9, 1948, is located on the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. Its northern border is shared with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.
The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.
A republic in western Africa, south and east of MALI and west of NIGER. Its capital is Ouagadougou. It was formerly called Upper Volta until 1984.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
A republic in southern Africa, south of TANZANIA, east of ZAMBIA and ZIMBABWE, bordered on the west by the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Maputo. It was formerly called Portuguese East Africa.
A republic in southern Africa, east of ZAMBIA and BOTSWANA and west of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Harare. It was formerly called Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia.
Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.
Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)
A republic in southern Africa east of ZAMBIA and MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Lilongwe. It was formerly called Nyasaland.
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.
Sudden outbreaks of a disease in a country or region not previously recognized in that area, or a rapid increase in the number of new cases of a previous existing endemic disease. Epidemics can also refer to outbreaks of disease in animal or plant populations.
A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER between BENIN and CAMEROON. Its capital is Abuja.
The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.
Family of the suborder HAPLORHINI (Anthropoidea) comprising bipedal primate MAMMALS. It includes modern man (HOMO SAPIENS) and the great apes: gorillas (GORILLA GORILLA), chimpanzees (PAN PANISCUS and PAN TROGLODYTES), and orangutans (PONGO PYGMAEUS).
A republic in southern Africa, south of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and TANZANIA, and north of ZIMBABWE. Its capital is Lusaka. It was formerly called Northern Rhodesia.
A country in western Africa, east of MAURITANIA and south of ALGERIA. Its capital is Bamako. From 1904-1920 it was known as Upper Senegal-Niger; prior to 1958, as French Sudan; 1958-1960 as the Sudanese Republic and 1959-1960 it joined Senegal in the Mali Federation. It became an independent republic in 1960.
A republic in western Africa, constituting an enclave within SENEGAL extending on both sides of the Gambia River. Its capital is Banjul, formerly Bathurst.
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.
Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.
A republic in western Africa, south of MALI and BURKINA FASO, bordered by GHANA on the east. Its administrative capital is Abidjan and Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983. The country was formerly called Ivory Coast.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
The number of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. Determination requires the use of a fluorescence-activated flow cytometer.
Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.
Periodic movement of human settlement from one geographical location to another.
The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)
A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.
A republic in western Africa, lying between GHANA on its west and BENIN on its east. Its capital is Lome.
A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) that are known vectors of MALARIA.
The general name for NORTH AMERICA; CENTRAL AMERICA; and SOUTH AMERICA unspecified or combined.
The concept pertaining to the health status of inhabitants of the world.
The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.
A republic in west equatorial Africa, south of CAMEROON and west of the CONGO. Its capital is Libreville.
The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.
Sexual activities of humans.
Drug regimens, for patients with HIV INFECTIONS, that aggressively suppress HIV replication. The regimens usually involve administration of three or more different drugs including a protease inhibitor.
Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).
The reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means.
The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in the pursuit of a common goal or interest.
Excision of the prepuce of the penis (FORESKIN) or part of it.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
A republic in southern Africa, between NAMIBIA and ZAMBIA. It was formerly called Bechuanaland. Its capital is Gaborone. The Kalahari Desert is in the west and southwest.
Development of neutralizing antibodies in individuals who have been exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/HTLV-III/LAV).
A republic in western Africa, north of NIGERIA and west of CHAD. Its capital is Niamey.
A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Acquired immunity and postnatal clinical protection in childhood cerebral malaria. (1/1101)

By analysing data on the age distribution of cerebral malaria among sites of different transmission intensities, we conclude that the most plausible explanation for the epidemiological patterns seen is that (i) cerebral malaria is caused by a distinct set of Plasmodium falciparum antigenic types; (ii) these antigenic types or 'CM strains' are very common and induce strong strain-specific immunity; and (iii) the postnatal period of protection against cerebral malaria is much longer than the period of protection against other forms of severe disease. The alternative hypothesis that cerebral malaria may be caused by any 'strain' of P. falciparum is compatible with the data only if a single exposure is sufficient to protect against further episodes. This is not consistent with observations on the history of exposure of patients with cerebral malaria. Finally, it is clear that although the delayed peak in incidence of cerebral malaria (with age) can be generated by assuming that subsequent exposures carry a higher risk of disease, such an explanation is not compatible with the observation that severe disease rates are low among infants and young children in areas of high transmissibility.  (+info)

Overview: health financing reforms in Africa.(2/1101)

 (+info)

Reproductive health and AIDS prevention in sub-Saharan Africa: the case for increased male participation. (3/1101)

Reproduction is a dual commitment, but so often in much of the world, it is seen as wholly the woman's responsibility. She bears the burden not only of pregnancy and childbirth but also the threats from excessive child bearing, some responsibility for contraception, infertility investigation and often undiagnosed sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including AIDS. Failure to target men in reproductive health interventions has weakened the impact of reproductive health care programmes. The paper proposes that sophisticated and dynamic strategies in Africa and elsewhere which target women's reproductive health and research (such as control of STDs including AIDS, family planning, infertility investigation) require complementary linkage to the study and education of men. Men's perceptions, as well as determinants of sexual behavioural change and the socioeconomic context in which STDs, including AIDS, become rife, should be reviewed. There is a need to study and foster change to reduce or prevent poor reproductive health outcomes; to identify behaviours which could be adversely affecting women's reproductive health. Issues of gender, identity and tolerance as expressed through sexuality and procreation need to be amplified in the context of present risks in reproductive health. Researchers and providers often ignore the social significance of men. This paper reviews the impact of male dominance, as manifested through reproductive health and sexual decisions, against the background of present reproductive health problems. A research agenda should define factors at both macro and micro levels that interact to adversely impinge on reproductive health outcomes. This should be followed up by well-developed causal models of the determinants of positive reproductive health-promoting behaviours. Behaviour specific influences in sexual partnership include the degree of interpersonal support towards prevention, for example, of STDs, unwanted pregnancy or maternal deaths. Perceived efficacy and situational variables influencing male compliance in, say, condom use, form part of the wider study that addresses men. Thus preventive reproductive health initiatives and information should move from the female alone to both sexes. Women need men as partners in reproductive health who understand the risks they might be exposed to and strategies for their prevention.  (+info)

Complications of unsafe abortion in sub-Saharan Africa: a review. (4/1101)

The Commonwealth Regional Health Community Secretariat undertook a study in 1994 to document the magnitude of abortion complications in Commonwealth member countries. The results of the literature review component of that study, and research gaps identified as a result of the review, are presented in this article. The literature review findings indicate a significant public health problem in the region, as measured by a high proportion of incomplete abortion patients among all hospital gynaecology admissions. The most common complications of unsafe abortion seen at health facilities were haemorrhage and sepsis. Studies on the use of manual vacuum aspiration for treating abortion complications found shorter lengths of hospital stay (and thus, lower resource costs) and a reduced need for a repeat evacuation. Very few articles focused exclusively on the cost of treating abortion complications, but authors agreed that it consumes a disproportionate amount of hospital resources. Studies on the role of men in supporting a woman's decision to abort or use contraception were similarly lacking. Articles on contraceptive behaviour and abortion reported that almost all patients suffering from abortion complications had not used an effective, or any, method of contraception prior to becoming pregnant, especially among the adolescent population; studies on post-abortion contraception are virtually nonexistent. Almost all articles on the legal aspect of abortion recommended law reform to reflect a public health, rather than a criminal, orientation. Research needs that were identified include: community-based epidemiological studies; operations research on decentralization of post-abortion care and integration of treatment with post-abortion family planning services; studies on system-wide resource use for treatment of incomplete abortion; qualitative research on the role of males in the decision to terminate pregnancy and use contraception; clinical studies on pain control medications and procedures; and case studies on the provision of safe abortion services where legally allowed.  (+info)

Viewpoint: public versus private health care delivery: beyond the slogans. (5/1101)

In most settings, a 'public' health service refers to a service which belongs to the state. The term 'private' is used when health care is delivered by individuals and/or institutions not administered by the state. In this paper it is argued that such a distinction, which is based on the institutional or administrative identity of the health care provider, is not adequate because it takes for granted that the nature of this identity automatically determines the nature of the service delivered to the population. A different frame of classification between public and private health services is proposed: one which is based on the purpose the health service pursues and on the outputs it yields. A set of five operational criteria to distinguish between health services guided by a public or private purpose is presented. This alternative classification is discussed in relation to a variety of existing situations in sub-Saharan Africa (Mali, Uganda, Zimbabwe). It is hoped that it can be used as a tool in the hands of the health planner in order to bring more rationality in the current altercation between the public and the private health care sector.  (+info)

An approach to the problems of diagnosing and treating adult smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in high-HIV-prevalence settings in sub-Saharan Africa. (6/1101)

The overlap between the populations in sub-Saharan Africa infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis has led to an upsurge in tuberculosis cases over the last 10 years. The relative increase in the proportion of notified sputum-smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases is greater than that of sputum-smear-positive PTB cases. This is a consequence of the following: the association between decreased host immunity and reduced sputum smear positivity; the difficulty in excluding other HIV-related diseases when making the diagnosis of smear-negative PTB; and an increase in false-negative sputum smears because of overstretched resources. This article examines problems in the diagnosis and treatment of smear-negative PTB in high-HIV-prevalence areas in sub-Saharan Africa. The main issues in diagnosis include: the criteria used to diagnose smear-negative PTB; the degree to which clinicians actually follow these criteria in practice; and the problem of how to exclude other respiratory diseases that can resemble, and be misdiagnosed as, smear-negative PTB. The most important aspect of the treatment of smear-negative PTB patients is abandoning 12-month "standard" treatment regimens in favour of short-course chemotherapy. Operational research is necessary to determine the most cost-effective approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of smear-negative PTB. Nevertheless, substantial improvement could be obtained by implementing the effective measures already available, such as improved adherence to diagnostic and treatment guidelines.  (+info)

Rebound mortality and the cost-effectiveness of malaria control: potential impact of increased mortality in late childhood following the introduction of insecticide treated nets. (7/1101)

The efficacy and relative cost-effectiveness of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) for the control of malaria in children under 5 years of age have recently been demonstrated by several large-scale trials. However, it has been suggested that long-term use of ITNs in areas of high transmission could lead to mortality rebound in later childhood, which would reduce the cost-effectiveness of the intervention, and at the extreme could lead to negative overall effects. A model is presented in which the cost and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) per child aged 1-119 months were estimated for a sub-Saharan African population with and without an ITN intervention. The rebound rate, defined as the percentage increase in age-specific all-cause mortality and malaria specific-morbidity, was varied to estimate the threshold at which the intervention was no longer cost-effective. Rebound was considered over two possible age ranges: 5-9 years and 3-6 years. With mortality and morbidity reductions due to ITNs in children aged 1-59 months and rebound in the 5-9 years age class, one could be reasonably certain that the cost per DALY averted is below $150 up to a rebound rate of 39%. Up to an 84% rebound rate it is highly likely that the intervention will be DALY-averting, that is the DALYs averted by the intervetion outweigh DALYs incurred through rebound effects. These thresholds are sensitive to the age range over which reductions and rebound in morbidity and mortality occur. With reductions confined to children aged 1-35 months and rebound in the 3-6 years age class, the cost per DALY is highly likely to fall below $150 only up to a 2.5% rebound rate, and with a rate in excess of 11% one can no longer be reasonably certain that the intervention is DALY-averting. These rates apply to the whole population. If there is no rebound amongst children who did not comply with the intervention, the actual increases in morbidity and mortality required to reach these thresholds amongst compliers would be much higher. The age range over which rebound occurs is a critical determinant of the thresholds at which one can no longer be reasonably certain that ITNs remain cost-effective in the long term. Based on empirical estimates of age-specific malaria mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, it appears unlikely that this threshold rate would be reached if rebound occurs over the 5-9 years age range. By contrast, if rebound occurs over the ages of 3-6 years, the increase in mortality rates required to reach this threshold falls within the observed range of malaria-specific mortality rates for this age group. It is essential that long-term surveillance is included as part of ITN interventions, with particular attention to the age range over which rebound may occur.  (+info)

Assessing the use of nuclear medicine technology in sub-Saharan Africa: the essential equipment list. (8/1101)

OBJECTIVE: The primary aim of the survey was to determine the core equipment required in a nuclear medicine department in public hospitals in Kenya and South Africa, and evaluate the capital investment requirements. METHODS: Physical site audits of equipment and direct interviews of medical and clinical engineering professionals were performed, as well as examination of tender and purchase documents, maintenance payment receipts, and other relevant documents. Originally, 10 public hospitals were selected: 6 referral and 4 teaching hospitals. The 6 referral hospitals were excluded from the survey due to lack of essential documents and records on equipment. The medical and technical staff from these hospitals were, however, interviewed on equipment usage and technical constraints. Data collection was done on-site and counter-checked against documents provided by the hospital administration. RESULTS: A list of essential equipment for a nuclear medicine department in sub-Saharan Africa was identified. Quotations for equipment were provided by all major equipment suppliers, local and international. CONCLUSION: A nuclear medicine department requires eight essential pieces of equipment to operate in sub-Saharan Africa. Two additional items are desirable but not essential.  (+info)

TY - JOUR. T1 - Subnational estimation of modern contraceptive prevalence in five sub-Saharan African countries. T2 - A Bayesian hierarchical approach. AU - Li, Qingfeng. AU - Louis, Thomas A.. AU - Liu, Li. AU - Wang, Chenguang. AU - Tsui, Amy O.. N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2019 The Author(s).. PY - 2019/2/20. Y1 - 2019/2/20. N2 - Background: Global monitoring efforts have relied on national estimates of modern contraceptive prevalence rate (mCPR) for many low-income countries. However, most contraceptive delivery programs are implemented by health departments at lower administrative levels, reflecting a persisting gap between the availability of and need for subnational mCPR estimates. Methods: Using woman-level data from multiple semi-annual national survey rounds conducted between 2013 and 2016 in five sub-Saharan African countries (Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda) by the Performance, Monitoring and Accountability 2020 project, we propose a Bayesian Hierarchical Model with ...
Through extensive systematic searching focusing on sub-Saharan Africa and with no date restrictions, we found 42 papers reporting sodium intakes in sub-Saharan African populations, including seven that examined children. The previous systematic reviews in global populations mentioned in the introduction (Brown and colleagues, 2009 [16]; and Powles and colleagues, 2013 [15]) examined papers published between 1988-2008 and 1980-2011, and identified five and 11 papers reporting sodium intakes in sub-Saharan African populations, respectively. Brown and colleagues [16] did not find any estimates for African children, while Powles and colleagues [15] did not include children in their systematic review.. We have found that sodium intake in many adult populations in sub-Saharan Africa is above the 2 g intake recommended as an upper limit by the WHO, and also above this limit in some populations of children. Indeed, there have been no estimates of sodium intake for adult populations that fell below this ...
The broad-based slowdown in sub-Saharan Africa is easing, and growth is expected to pick up to 2.6% in 2017 from last years 1.4%, the IMF said in its latest Regional Economic Outlook for sub-Saharan Africa.. A recovery in oil production and a good harvest in Nigeria, as well as the easing of tensions in the Niger Delta account for more than half of the additional growth.. The policy environment has started to improve. Fiscal deficits are stabilising and current account deficits are narrowing, partly reflecting a slight rebound in commodity prices. The global environment has also been supportive, with strengthening growth momentum in the largest economies, commodity prices off their troughs, and improved access for sub-Saharan African economies to international capital markets.. But while a third of sub-Saharan African countries continue to grow at about 5%, income per capita will barely increase in the region. Moreover, in 12 of the 45 sub-Saharan African countries, home to about 40% of the ...
We examine the impact of resource windfall on the standard of living both in the short-run and long-run, using a sample of 130 countries, 1963-2007. Then, we systematically investigate the effect of resource windfall on welfare in three different groups of countries: We find that in the short-run resource windfall is welfare enhancing in the whole sample, especially via increases in income and decreases in inequality. However, in SSA countries, the size of welfare improvement is small and it is smaller and almost zero after one year in fragile Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. In the whole sample, a resource windfall shock leads to significant welfare growth even in the long-run, but we couldnt find any significant long-run effect of resource windfall in SSA countries.
It is very difficult to obtain recent, reliable data form any Sub-Saharan country (except South Africa), which makes it hard to provide detailed information. Rolf Burckhardt from a personal experience states that there are definitely opportunities for animal feed production in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, one has to be aware of the pitfalls.
Citation: Stotsky, Janet G., Lisa Kolovich, and Suhaib Kebhaj. 2016. Sub-Saharan Africa: A Survey of Gender Budgeting Efforts. IMF Working Paper. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund. Authors: Janet G. Stotsky , Lisa Kolovich, Suhaib Kebhaj. Abstract: Gender budgeting is an initiative to use fiscal policy and administration to address gender inequality and womens advancement. A large number of sub-Saharan African countries have adopted gender budgeting. Two countries that have achieved notable success in their efforts are Uganda and Rwanda, both of which have integrated gender-oriented goals into budget policies, programs, and processes in fundamental ways. Other countries have made more limited progress in introducing gender budgeting into their budget-making. Leadership by the ministry of finance is critical for enduring effects, although nongovernmental organizations and parliamentary bodies in sub-Saharan Africa play an essential role in advocating for gender ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Human heredity and health (H3) in africa kidney disease research network. T2 - A focus on methods in sub-Saharan Africa. AU - Osafo, Charlotte. AU - Raji, Yemi Raheem. AU - Burke, David. AU - Tayo, Bamidele O.. AU - Tiffin, Nicki. AU - Moxey-Mims, Marva M.. AU - Rasooly, Rebekah S.. AU - Kimmel, Paul L.. AU - Ojo, Akinlolu. AU - Adu, Dwomoa. AU - Parekh, Rulan S.. PY - 2015/12/7. Y1 - 2015/12/7. N2 - CKD affects an estimated 14% of adults in sub-Saharan Africa, but very little research has been done on the cause, progression, and prevention of CKD there. As part of the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Consortium, the H3Africa Kidney Disease Research Network was established to study prevalent forms of kidney disease in sub-Saharan Africa and increase the capacity for genetics and genomics research. The study is performing comprehensive phenotypic characterization and analyzing environmental and genetic factors from nine clinical centers in four African countries ...
Background: Large prospective epidemiologic studies are vital in determining disease etiology and forming national health policy. Yet, such studies do not exist in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) notwithstanding the growing burden of chronic diseases. Objective: We explored the feasibility of establishing a large-scale multicountry prospective study at five sites in four sub-Saharan countries. Design: Based on country-specific considerations of feasibility, Nigeria enrolled health care professionals, South Africa and Tanzania enrolled teachers, and Uganda enrolled village residents at one rural and one periurban site each. All sites used a 6-month follow-up period but different approaches for data collection, namely standardized questionnaires filled out by participants or face-to-face interviews. Results: We enrolled 1415 participants from five sites (range 200489) with a median age of 41 years. Approximately half had access to clean-burning cooking fuel and 70% to piped drinking water, yet 92% had ...
CXC chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12), or stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1), is the only known natural ligand for the HIV-1 coreceptor, CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4). A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the CXCL12 gene (SDF1-3A) has been associated with disease progression to AIDS in some studies, but not others. Mutations in the CXCR4 gene are generally rare and have not been implicated in HIV-1/AIDS pathogenesis. This study analyzed the SDF1-3A SNP and performed mutation screening for polymorphic markers in the CXCR4 gene to determine the presence or absence of significant associations with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. The study consisted of 257 HIV-1-seropositive patients and 113 HIV-1-seronegative controls representing a sub-Saharan African population belonging to the Xhosa ethnic group of South Africa. The SDF1-3A SNP was associated with an increased risk for HIV-1 infection (P = 0.0319) whereas no significant association was observed between the occurrence of the SDF1-3A SNP and
EDITORIALS. World TB Day 2010: Eradicating tuberculosis in sub-Saharan Africa needs effective and committed north-south partnerships The World Health Organization (WHO) has designated 24 March of each year as World TB Day, to mark the anniversary of Robert Kochs discovery in 1882 of the cause of tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Regrettably, this is not a day for celebration. Instead, governments, policy makers, scientists and funders must reflect on the paradoxical fact that, although effective and cheap therapy has been available for over 60 years, TB kills nearly 1.8 million people every year, that is, 5 000 people every day! Together with HIV/AIDS and malaria, TB remains one of the most important causes of death from infectious diseases worldwide. World TB Day provides an opportunity to reflect on the poor state of TB control globally, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries (SSA).1 The WHO, donor governments and other funding agencies have focused much of their ...
Dolutegravir, the current first-line treatment for HIV, may not be as effective as hoped in sub-Saharan Africa, suggests new research published on World AIDS Day. The study finds that this so-called wonder drug may be less effective in patients resistant to older drugs.. As HIV copies itself and replicates, it can develop errors, or mutations, in its genetic code (its RNA). While a drug may initially be able to supress or even kill the virus, certain mutations can allow the virus to develop resistance to its effects. If a mutated strain begins to spread within a population, it can mean once-effective drugs are no longer able to treat people.. HIV treatment usually consists of a cocktail of drugs that includes a type of drug known as a non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI). However, in recent years, HIV has begun to develop resistance to NNRTIs. Between 10% and 15% of patients in much of sub-Saharan Africa are infected by a strain of HIV resistant to these drugs. If a patient ...
DHL Express, the worlds leading international express services provider, has expanded its network of DHL Service Points in Sub-Saharan Africa from the initial 300 to over 1000, in just a few short months. The move is an aggressive expansion into the market which is aimed to further cement the companys leading position in Africa but also to offer local consumers and small businesses an efficient, convenient way of shipping overseas.. The logistics and express company, which is present in 52 Sub-Saharan Africa markets, has been looking to improve access for cash and account customers, creating enhanced accessibility for customers and increasing connectivity between African markets and the over 220 countries and territories that DHL currently serves worldwide.. In our recent 2012 Global Connectedness Index, which measures the state of globalization around the world, Sub-Saharan Africa remained the globes least connected continent, comments Charles Brewer, Managing Director for DHL Express ...
Ashinaga, Japan-based non-profit organization offers scholarship to students from select African countries to study for undergraduate degrees
Irrigation development is rapidly expanding in mostly rainfed Sub-Saharan Africa. This expansion underscores the need for a more comprehensive understanding of water resources beyond surface water. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellites provide valuable information on spatio-temporal variability in water storage. The objective of this study was to calibrate and evaluate a semi-distributed regional-scale hydrologic model based on the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) code for basins in Sub-Saharan Africa using seven-year (July 2002�April 2009) 10-day GRACE data and multi-site river discharge data. The analysis was conducted in a multi-criteria framework. In spite of the uncertainty arising from the tradeoff in optimising model parameters with respect to two noncommensurable criteria defined for two fluxes, SWAT was found to perform well in simulating total water storage variability in most areas of Sub-Saharan Africa, which have semi-arid and sub-humid climates, and that ...
Using a matched employer-employee data set of manufacturing plants in three sub-Saharan countries, I compare the marginal productivity of different categories of workers with the wages they earn. A methodological contribution is to estimate the firm level production function jointly with the individual level wage equation using a feasible GLS estimator. The additional information of individual workers leads to more precise estimates, especially of the wage premiums, and to a more accurate test. The results indicate that equality holds strongly for the most developed country in the sample (Zimbabwe), but not at all for the least developed country (Tanzania). Moreover, the breakdown in correct remuneration in the two least developed countries follows a distinct pattern. On the one hand, wage premiums exceed productivity premiums for general human capital characteristics (experience and schooling). On the other hand, salaries hardly increase for more firm-specific human capital characteristics ...
BOX 1 Six CONDITIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL SMALL-SCALE IRRIGATED PRODUCTION In addition to appropriate irrigation technology, a number of conditions must be met for successful small-scale irrigated horticultural development to occur availability of suitable land, water, and labour resources and non irrigation inputs to production, access to markets, and capital resources (Norman, 1992, Alien and Perry, 1996) Availability of Land Resources A horticultural development programme is justified if it has strong potential for achieving increased production and incomes Land is one of the most important factors of production linked to this achievement It must exist in adequate quantities and with the appropriate physical properties for an expansion of irrigated horticultural production to occur Experience in several sub-Saharan countries confirms that land availability is not a constraint to increased irrigated production and that resulting increases in irrigated surface area is one of the main contributing ...
Understanding patterns of genetic diversity is a crucial component of medical research in Africa. Here we use haplotype-based population genetics inference to describe gene-flow and admixture in a collection of 48 African groups with a focus on the major populations of the sub-Sahara. Our analysis presents a framework for interpreting haplotype diversity within and between population groups and provides a demographic foundation for genetic epidemiology in Africa. We show that coastal African populations have experienced an influx of Eurasian haplotypes as a series of admixture events over the last 7,000 years, and that Niger-Congo speaking groups from East and Southern Africa share ancestry with Central West Africans as a result of recent population expansions associated with the adoption of new agricultural technologies. We demonstrate that most sub-Saharan populations share ancestry with groups from outside of their current geographic region as a result of large-scale population movements over the
EDITORIALS. Tuberculosis in prisons in sub-Saharan Africa - a potential time bomb The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are 10 million new cases of tuberculosis (TB) reported worldwide each year, and 1.7 million people die from the disease.1 The incidence of TB in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remains very high at over 300 new cases of TB per 100 000 population in 2007.2 The TB epidemic in SSA is fuelled by the HIV epidemic, and up to 70% of adults with TB are co-infected with HIV.2 There are few data on drug-resistant TB from SSA,3 probably owing to poor TB programme performance, inadequate laboratory facilities for drug susceptibility testing (DST), and poor surveillance, data collection and reporting procedures. The WHO estimated that 69 000 cases of MDR-TB emerged in 2008 in Africa, which is most probably an underestimate.1. The global focus on TB control is on early diagnosis and treatment of people in the community in high TB- and TB/HIV-endemic countries. People concentrated ...
Sub-Saharan Africas Broadcasting Landscape and Nine Key Markets. The report is a joint publication with one of the continents leading providers of mobile-based research and insights GeoPoll.. Market research data on broadcast audiences in Sub-Saharan Africa is always difficult to get and not always reliable. This reports provides key audience data for nine African markets from the very big to the much smaller. The countries covered are: Nigeria; Ethiopia; Tanzania; Kenya; DRC; Uganda; Ghana; Cameroon and Rwanda. It provides the following for each country:. - The ownership of key broadcast market ...
This week at CROI David Maman from Médecins sans Frontières presented a study that showed that breastfeeding mothers in sub-Saharan Africa are often
Sub-Saharan Africa does not yet have enough eye health workers to help the millions of people suffering from eye disease in this region. This article explains the challenges in sub-Saharan Africa and the efforts underway to train and empower more eye health workers.
Genetics evidence published in recent years suggests that certain strains of plague (Yersinia pestis) in sub-Saharan Africa may be centuries old. This raises questions whether there is correlation with the suspected depopulations in certain areas of sub-Saharan Africa in the late medieval period. This symposium, for the first time ever, brings together historians, geneticists, archeologists, art historians, anthropologists, and linguists to examine these questions. ...
© Busby et al.Similarity between two individuals in the combination of genetic markers along their chromosomes indicates shared ancestry and can be used to identify historical connections between different population groups due to admixture. We use a genome-wide, haplotype-based, analysis to characterise the structure of genetic diversity and gene-flow in a collection of 48 sub-Saharan African groups. We show that coastal populations experienced an influx of Eurasian haplotypes over the last 7000 years, and that Eastern and Southern Niger-Congo speaking groups share ancestry with Central West Africans as a result of recent population expansions. In fact, most sub-Saharan populations share ancestry with groups from outside of their current geographic region as a result of gene-flow within the last 4000 years. Our in-depth analysis provides insight into haplotype sharing across different ethno-linguistic groups and the recent movement of alleles into new environments, both of which are relevant to
A U.N. study of neonatal mortality around the world found that Africa has the highest rate, at 28 deaths for every 1,000 live births. In a study pertaining to 14 sub-Saharan African countries, [Michigan State University medical geographer Sue] Grady and her student investigators found that neonatal mortality was significantly associated with, among other factors, home births, where babies are delivered without the supervision of a trained professional. … Grady said newborn deaths in East and West Africa could be dramatically reduced if babies were delivered in medical facilities with trained personnel standing by… (Berman, 6/7).. ...
Doctors with africa CUAMM is an NGO working for the promotion and protection of health in Africa.The organization actively operates in 7 sub-Saharan African countries with long-term healthcare projects, within a framework of social inclusion.
In a simple and hard-hitting way, the film depicts how the staple food crop cassava is destroyed in Sub-Saharan African countries by viruses carried by whiteflies. It draws attention to the way the 1,100-strong CONNECTED Virus Network is bringing together world-class researchers from across the globe to address these issues.. Early in 2019 Eve Bannister and Charlotte May were successful in a process which saw students pitch to the CONNECTED Network to create a film which, with the co-operation of their tutors, would form a key component of their second year of studies.. Their brief was to create a 90-second outreach animation about plant diseases impact, primarily aimed at non-expert laypeople, and to draw attention to the importance of the CONNECTED Network in helping address these issues. It takes the example of the cassava crop to show the impact of two damaging diseases spread by insects.. CONNECTED Network Director, Prof. Gary Foster (University of Bristol) explains: The film uses ...
<p>Childhood cancer diagnosis low in Africa, South Africa ponders air pollution tax, goats attack Malawi seed programmes, and more.</p>
This synthesis paper provides evidence on the impact of regional banking on financial inclusion, deepening and stability, particularly in the context of the rapid rise across sub-Saharan Africa of pan-African banks (PABs) - namely bank subsidiaries headquartered in African countries. The evidence is based on existing literature and research funded by the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) and the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) through the Development and Economic Growth Research Programme (DEGRP).
mothers2mothers (m2m) is an Africa-based NGO that unlocks the potential of women to eliminate paediatric AIDS and create healthy families across ten sub-Saharan African countries. m2m trains, employs, and helps empower women living with HIV to work as community healthcare workers in understaffed health centres and underserved communities. Through a peer-to-peer approach, these Mentor Mothers deliver a range of health services, advice, and support to women and their families. Started in Cape Town, South Africa in 2001 with an initial focus on preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV, m2m has innovated and built on its strengths and now provides family-centred support for a range of related health and social issues spanning pregnancy, birth, childhood, and adolescence. It also partners with governments and other NGOs on the adoption of its programme to spread the Mentor Mother Model and its benefits. m2m has a track record of scaling its services and proven impact. To date, m2m has reached ...
OBJECTIVE: To determine the degree of motor, cognitive, language and social-emotional impairment related to HIV infection in children living in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). METHODS: Literature searches using MEDLINE and PsycINFO. Additionally, the reference lists of previous reviews were checked to ensure that all eligible studies were identified. Cohens d, a measure of effect size, was computed to estimate the level of impairment. RESULTS: Six reports met the inclusion criteria. In infancy a consistent delay in motor development was observed with a median value of Cohens d = 0.97 at 18 months, indicating a severe degree of impairment. Mental development showed a moderate delay at 18 months, with a median value d = 0.67. Language delay did not appear until 24 months of age, d = 0.91. Less clear findings occurred in older subjects. CONCLUSION: Although HIV has been shown to affect all domains of child functioning, motor development is the most apparent in terms of severity, early onset, and persistence
People in Africas Sub-Sahara region, a relatively undeveloped area, are generally satisfied with their sex lives, with the most common rating -- reported by 18 percent of survey respondents -- being a perfect 10, according to Baylor University research to be presented Monday at the 111th Annual Meeting of the American Sociological Association.
Three months ago sub-Saharan Africa confirmed its first COVID-19 case in Nigeria. Although infections have risen and continue to grow, early and swift action by
Research in some sub-Saharan African countries does not provide sustainable solutions to the vital problems of hunger and poverty, underdevelopment, disease, poor educati..
Hunger, disease and poverty continue to extract a painful toll throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Large percentages in the 10 African countries surveyed say there
With today marking World AIDS day, here are some stories on HIV/AIDS reported in the lead up to the occasion.. Efforts to get lifesaving antiretrovial drugs to HIV-positive patients in many sub-Saharan African countries are routinely failing at the last mile, an international medical group said on Monday. (AFP http://yhoo.it/1XsJTuZ). UNICEF says the number of adolescents dying from AIDS has tripled over the last 15 years, most having acquired the disease when they were infants. (Al Jazeera http://yhoo.it/1jv7KaJ). On the occasion of World AIDS Day, certain groups at high risk for HIV and AIDS in Kenya remain marginalized when it comes to accessing testing and treatment - LGBT. (VOA http://bit.ly/1IwRRHh). Hunger and poverty are just some of the threats facing the AIDS orphans of Qudeni, a village that, like thousands of other villages in South Africa, is struggling not just with the virus but the aftermath of a generation of parents lost to AIDS. (Reuters http://bit.ly/1IwQgBm). A look into ...
Most Sub-Saharan African countries are chronic dis-savers. But, you dont have to be. Before we look at the options, lets take a snapshot of recent events.. Last July, the South African Savings Institute gave the country a wakeup call when it said that the average household rate had fallen from 0.5% per month in 2018 to 0.4% in 2019. While 2020 figures are not out yet (at the time of this blog) anywhere in the continent, theres a likelihood of more challenging times - unemployment is rife, little to no growth pervades most asset classes and economies around the world are suffering mightily.. Another look at South Africas Household Saving Rate shows that it decreased to 0.20% in the fourth quarter of 2019. That means, of every R1000 coming into every household, R2 or less was being saved. (according to Trading Economics). Desperate times. In the current economic climate, we are finding that very few people have an umbrella to help them weather the storm.. Last year, even before the current ...
You cannot eat a sweet with the wrapping, young men from South Africa told researchers as part of a recent World Bank study, explaining why they refuse to wear condoms despite a high and well-known risk of HIV. Men often dont see condoms as manly, and women feel unable to insist.. What does this mean? A 2011 Gallup poll of 19 sub-Saharan African countries, home to more than two-thirds of the worlds HIV-infected population, found most adults know how to prevent the spread of HIV. But while 72 percent agreed people should use latex condoms every time they have sex, only 40 percent said they ever had.. ...
According to a new study, adults with HIV in rural sub-Saharan Africa who receive antiretroviral drugs early in their infection may reap benefits.
未知 (‎2008)‎. HIV drives childrens pneumonia in sub-Saharan Africa. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 86 (‎5)‎, 324 - 325. World Health Organization. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.08.010508 ...
In fact, recent evidence on urban/rural adult mortality differences in sub-Saharan Africa suggests an urban disadvantage - read more ||
Objective Antimicrobial resistance has arisen across the globe in both nosocomial and community settings as a consequence of widespread antibiotic consumption. Poor availability of laboratory diagnosis means that resistance frequently goes unrecognised and may only be detected as clinical treatment failure. In this review, we provide an overview of the reported susceptibility of common community acquired bacterial pathogens in Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia to the antibiotics that are most widely used in these areas. Methods We reviewed the literature for reports of the susceptibility of prevalent pathogens in the community in SSA and Asia to a range of commonly prescribed antibiotics. Inclusion criteria required that isolates were collected since 2004 and that they were obtained from either normally sterile sites or urine. The data were aggregated by region and by age group. Results Eighty-three studies were identified since 2004 which reported the antimicrobial susceptibilities of common bacterial
TY - JOUR. T1 - Art in sub-saharan africa. T2 - The value of viral load monitoring. AU - Sigaloff, Kim C.E.. AU - de Wit, Tobias F.Rinke. PY - 2015/7/1. Y1 - 2015/7/1. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84947035249&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1016/S2352-3018(15)00109-5. DO - 10.1016/S2352-3018(15)00109-5. M3 - Article. C2 - 26423247. AN - SCOPUS:84947035249. VL - 2. SP - e261-e262. JO - Lancet. JF - Lancet. SN - 0140-6736. IS - 7. ER - ...
Buy In Her Lifetime: Female Morbidity and Mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa by Institute of Medicine at TextbookX.com. ISBN/UPC: 9780309054300. Save an average of 50% on the marketplace.
Title of PhD project / theme Environmental temperature and child growth in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia Supervisory team Supervisors: Dr Lucy Tusting (Assistant Professor) - LSHTM Email: [email protected]
Sub-Saharan Africa | Country profiles are practical business assessments of corruption in individual countries. Use the profiles to assess the levels of risk, relevant legislation and local information networks for doing business.
User entered note. Curabitur eget ultricies lorem. Cras. adipiscing convallis nulla, id consectetur elit lobortis ut. Nam vestibulum libero nec diam pellentesque dictum. In tristique lorem suscipit ipsum porta laoreet. Sed leo nibh, malesuada ac ullamcorper eu, volutpat sed odio ...
Novartis announced today a new strategy to broaden patient reach and availability of its portfolio of medicines in sub-Saharan Africa, which is home to the largest underserved patient population in the world.
Between now and 2100, three out of every four people added to world population will live in sub-Saharan Africa. Thats what the medium variant of
mothers2mothers (m2m) is an Africa-based NGO that unlocks the potential of women to eliminate paediatric AIDS and create healthy families across ten sub-Saharan African countries. m2m trains, employs, and helps empower women living with HIV to work as community healthcare workers in understaffed health centres and underserved communities. Through a peer-to-peer approach, these Mentor Mothers deliver a range of health services, advice, and support to women and their families.
The representative of South Africa commented on this again, and regretted the fact that the resolution "considered" rather than ... Politics of Western Sahara, Political organizations based in Western Sahara, Referendums in Africa, History of Western Sahara, ... Kumalo South Africa 31 October 2007. Retrieved 2008-05-02. United Nations Security Council Resolution 1813. S/RES/1813(2008) ( ... Kumalo South Africa 30 April 2007. Retrieved 2008-05-02. United Nations Security Council Document 619. S/2007/619 (2007) ...
The league was sponsored by South African, Sahara Computers, African Cricket Association and others. Northern Nomads won the ... The Sahara Elite League (also known as Zonal League) was a four team cricket competition created by Cricket Kenya featuring a ... http://www.cricketeurope4.net/DATABASE/ARTICLES2/articles/000027/002735.shtml, Sahara Elite League starts this weekend http:// ...
"South African Politician, Malema, Attacks Jonathan, Says President "Irresponsible" Over Silence on Baga". Sahara Reporters. ... of the left-wing Economic Freedom Fighters party in South Africa and former head of the Youth League of the ruling African ... Arson in Africa, Improvised explosive device bombings in Nigeria, January 2015 crimes in Africa). ... suggesting it was indicative of an ingrained bias towards African affairs. Others condemned the degree to which the government ...
"South African institutions top THE Africa rankings pilot". Times Higher Education World University Rankings. 9 July 2015. " ... "Jonathan's Handpicked Candidate Seriake Dickson Declared Winner Of Bayelsa Gubernatorial Poll". Sahara Reporters. " ... 2014 Pan-African Leaders Award, African Students Union Parliament, ASUP, Sept 2014 Award of Honour, 3rd Registry Day ... Under his leadership, the University of Port Harcourt was ranked 6th in Africa and 1st in Nigeria in Research Influence by ...
South Africa. 27 June 2008. Archived from the original on 4 September 2015. Ndigbo, Ogbuefi (18 January 2012). "Diezani Allison ... "Diezani Alison-Madueke Maintained Rooms In Two New York Luxury Hotels During UN Assembly". Sahara Reporters. 28 September 2012 ... "FORMER MINISTER DIEZIANI ALISON-MADUEKE IS ILL AS PICTURE REVEALS". Ben Television , Sky 458 , Breaking - Nigeria, Africa and ... Corrupt Oil Trader Turns On Colleagues in Massive Africa Bribe Case, September 14, 2021, Bloomberg News Armendariz, Agustin (6 ...
"South Africa's ruthlessly efficient fight against coronavirus". BBC News. Retrieved 24 April 2020. "Sahara Flow". nataal.com. ... He is the son of South African photographer and activist Gisèle Wulfsohn. Turpin grew up in Johannesburg, South Africa where he ... Monaheng, Ts'eliso (24 October 2014). "South African Hip Hop Series: Video Profile On Rapper Sam Turpin". Africa Is a Country. ... The project garnered Turpin a brand showcase of selected artists as well as fashion-oriented placements in the South African ...
"Buhari Meets With Chinese President Xi Jinping in South Africa". Sahara Reporters. 4 December 2015. Archived from the original ... The southern fork extends along the east coast of Africa, which in Phase 2 will reach South Africa. Additional landfalls are in ... "How influential are Chinese media in Africa? An audience analysis in Kenya and South Africa." International Journal of ... "African Studies and Sino-Africa Collaborations: Towards Our "Common Interest"." Journal of African Cultural Studies 33.2 (2021 ...
Sunday Times South Africa. Retrieved 2018-08-04. "The Top 6 Bestselling OkadaBooks Authors For The Year 2016. #4 Is Quite ... "Kiru Taye : A Romance And Exotic Writer Speaks". Sahara Reporters. Retrieved 2018-08-02. annetijie (February 27, 2015). " ... "Africa: The Limits of Imagining Pleasure - Writing the History of African Sex". This is Africa. June 8, 2018. Retrieved 2018-08 ... her books were the subject of an exploratory discussion on the genesis and acceptance of pleasurable sex among Africans, and ...
"South Africa". ARSO - Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. 2006-09-09. Retrieved 2012 ... South African Broadcasting Corporation (2006-09-02). "Moroccan objections taint Asian-Africa meeting". South African ... South African Broadcasting Corporation (2006-09-01). "Asia-Afro partnership meeting kicked off today". South African ... Republic of South Africa. Retrieved 2012-03-23. "Welcome to the Embassy of the Republic of South Africa in Algiers". SA Embassy ...
"South Africa". ARSO - Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier au Sahara Occidental. 9 September 2006. ... "South Africa recognises the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic". ARSO - Association de soutien à un référendum libre et régulier ... "South Sudan does not recognize Western Sahara independent state: FM". Sudan Tribune. 30 September 2018. "Sudán del Sur decide ... Africa Analysis Ltd. 1997. p. 109. Retrieved 7 August 2011. The Polisario Front of Western Sahara suffered another diplomatic ...
United States Diplomatic Mission to South Africa (13 July 2010). "Interview of President Obama by South African Broadcasting ... "President of Republic consoles his Ugandan counterpart on victims of Kampala bomb attacks". Sahara Press Service. 14 July 2010 ... "sweep them out of Africa." Supranational bodies Malawi/African Union - President of Malawi and Chairman of the African Union ... An explosion went off directly in front of a large screen that was showing the telecast from South Africa, killing 49 people. ...
"Zuma condemns Kenya mall attack". South African Broadcasting Corporation. 22 September 2013. Archived from the original on 27 ... "President of Republic condoles Kenyan counterpart following mall attack". Sahara Press Service. 22 September 2013. Archived ... The African Union's Chairperson of the African Union Commission Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma condemned the attacks and reiterated ... "The African Union Strongly Condemns the Dastardly Terrorist Attacks against Innocent Civilians in Nairobi". The African Union ...
General "South Africa-Algeria-Western Sahara relations" (PDF). Embassy of the Republic of South Africa. Retrieved 2012-12-13. ... the South African government declared that South Africa's recognition was not an end in itself but a means to an end: South ... A Sahrawi embassy was opened in Pretoria, and the South-African embassy in Algiers was accredited to the SADR. South Africa ... Ambassador Mohammed Beissat became the first SADR Ambassador to South Africa. In the same year, the South African Ambassador to ...
"Is The Niger Delta Region The 'Epicentre Of Electoral Fraud' In Nigeria?-AFRICA CHECK - Sahara Reporters". 17 July 2014. " ... South East: Consisting of Abia, Anambra, Ebonyi, Enugu, and Imo States. South South (also known as Niger Delta region) ... South West: Consisting of Ekiti, Lagos, Ogun, Ondo, Osun, and Oyo States. Federal Republic of, Nigeria (2010). Nigeria at 50: A ... "2015: Nigerian presidential election and the North-South political divide". Archived from the original on 2014-09-03. Retrieved ...
"African Libraries and Archives". Africa South of the Sahara. USA: Stanford University. Retrieved 7 June 2013. "Nigeria Police ... The African Heritage Research Library was established in 1988. The ancient town also has a Police Mobile Training School The ... that was capital of an ancient city-state of the same name in the Igbomina area of Yorubaland in south-western Nigeria. Ìlá ...
African Studies Association (ed.). "News (by country): Cape Verde". Africa South of the Sahara. USA - via Stanford University. ... "Cape Verde: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. p. 195. ISBN ... Annotated directory (Mass media in Cape Verde, Mass media by country, Mass media in Africa by country). ... the African version of the Portuguese radio station RDP. The media is operated by the Capeverdean News Agency (secondarily as ...
Europa Publications (2003). Africa South of the Sahara. Psychology Press. p. 966. ISBN 1857431839 Seychelles Trading Company, ...
"Angola: Directory: the Press". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. p. ... Africa South of the Sahara. USA - via Stanford University. Annotated directory (CS1 maint: archived copy as title, CS1 ... On December 16, 2015, a new private TV station, Palanca TV, began broadcasting from the South African satellite subscription TV ... 2015). "Angola: Media". Africa: an Encyclopedia of Culture and Society. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-1-59884-666-9. "Angola", Freedom of ...
African Studies Association (ed.). "News (by country): Congo-Brazzaville". Africa South of the Sahara. USA - via Stanford ... "Republic of the Congo: Directory: the Press". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa ... Africa portal Republic of the Congo portal Cinema of the Republic of the Congo [fr] "Republic of the Congo: Media and ... Annotated directory (CS1 French-language sources (fr), Mass media in the Republic of the Congo, Mass media in Africa by country ...
Karen Fung, African Studies Association (ed.). "News (by country): Botswana". Africa South of the Sahara. USA - via Stanford ... "Botswana". Electronic Newspapers of Africa. Virtual Libraries: African Studies. New York, USA: Columbia University Libraries. ... Voice Botswana Youth Magazine The Midweek Sun Weekend Post The Daily News Media of Botswana List of radio stations in Africa ...
Karen Fung, African Studies Association (ed.). "Madagascar News". Africa South of the Sahara. USA. Retrieved 2 July 2017 - via ... ISBN 978-0-8047-0279-9. "Madagascar: Directory: the Press". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. ... Virtual Libraries: African Studies. New York, USA: Columbia University Libraries. (Accuracy disputes from May 2022, CS1 French- ... "Madagascar", Freedom of the Press, US: Freedom House, 2015, OCLC 57509361 "Madagascar". Electronic Newspapers of Africa. ...
Africa South of the Sahara. Vol. 33. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-85743-183-4. "President Rawlings inaugurates Takoradi Thermal Plant ... Africa portal Energy portal List of power stations in Ghana Electricity sector in Ghana Europa Publications Limited (2003). ... "Ghana Receives First Nigeria Gas Via WAGP". African Business. Downstream Today. 2008-02-13. Retrieved 2011-02-12. "TICO shares ...
Togo North Africa Algeria • Egypt • Libya • Mauritania • Morocco • Sudan • South Sudan •Tunisia • Western Sahara Central Africa ... Zimbabwe Southern Africa Botswana • Lesotho • Namibia • South Africa • Eswatini Dependencies Mayotte (France) • St. Helena (UK ... South Carolina • South Dakota • Tennessee • Texas Austin • Utah • Vermont • Virginia • Washington (Olympia, Seattle) • West ... South Caucasus Georgia (including disputed Abkhazia, South Ossetia) • Armenia • Azerbaijan (including disputed Nagorno-Karabakh ...
"Uganda: News". Africa South of the Sahara. USA: Stanford University. Retrieved February 23, 2013. John C.G. Isobal (1980). " ... "Uganda: Directory: the Press". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. p. ... Africa South of the Sahara. USA - via Stanford University. Annotated directory (Articles with short description, Short ... Media in Uganda List of newspapers in Africa Communications in Uganda "Uganda". Electronic Newspapers of Africa. Virtual ...
African Studies Association (ed.). "News (by country): Liberia". Africa South of the Sahara. United States - via Stanford ... "Liberia: Directory: the Press". Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2003. p. ... "Liberia Newspapers and News on the Internet", Africa South of the Sahara, Stanford University Libraries. Retrieved 8 February ... He has worked for many international media outlets including: West Africa Magazine, Africa Week Magazine, African Observer and ...
"Ethiopia: News". Africa South of the Sahara. Stanford University. Retrieved 21 February 2013. "About Us". Addis Ababa: Media & ... ISBN 978-0-7618-6002-0. "Ethiopia: Directory: the Press". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. ... Mass media in Ethiopia: Newspapers Internet in Ethiopia List of radio stations in Africa: Ethiopia "WorldCat". USA: Online ...
South Sudan •Tunisia • Western Sahara Central Africa Angola • Burundi • Cameroon • Central African Republic • Chad • The ... Zimbabwe Southern Africa Botswana • Eswatini • Lesotho • Namibia • South Africa Dependencies Mayotte (France) • St. Helena (UK ... Africa West Africa Benin • Burkina Faso • Cape Verde • Côte d'Ivoire • Gambia • Ghana • Guinea • Guinea-Bissau • Liberia • Mali ... South Caucasus Georgia (including disputed Abkhazia, South Ossetia) • Armenia • Azerbaijan (including disputed Nagorno-Karabakh ...
Karen Fung, African Studies Association (ed.). "News (by country): Chad". Africa South of the Sahara. USA - via Stanford ... "Chad: Directory: the Press". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. p. 236+ ... "Chad", Freedom of the Press, USA: Freedom House, 2015, OCLC 57509361 "Chad". Electronic Newspapers of Africa. Virtual Libraries ... African Studies. New York, USA: Columbia University Libraries. ...
African Studies Association (ed.). "News (by country): Togo". Africa South of the Sahara. USA - via Stanford University. ... "Togo: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2003. p. 1106+. ISSN ... Telesports TV Télévision Togolaise TV2 TV7 List of radio stations in Africa: Togo List of television stations in Africa: Togo ... Mass media in Africa by country, All stub articles, Togo stubs). ...
Karen Fung, African Studies Association (ed.). "Zimbabwe Newspapers and News on the Internet". Africa South of the Sahara. US. ... "Zimbabwe: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. ISBN ... 1890 - Fort Salisbury founded in Mashonaland by British South Africa Company. 1891 - Mashonaland Herald and Zambesian Times ... Bibliography) "(Harare)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography) "(Harare)". AfricaBib. ...
The origins of Inez were from a tropical wave that formed over the Sahara in central Africa on September 15 from the monsoon. ... When Inez passed south of Puerto Rico, its rainbands produced gusty winds along the island's southern coast, reaching 50 mph ( ... It moved westward in the prevailing winds, exiting the west coast of Africa on September 18. The precursor to Inez was a ... In the northern Gulf of Mexico, a helicopter crashed after evacuating workers from an oil platform about 65 mi (105 km) south- ...
Watson, David (1958). "A new Labyrinthodont (Paracyclotosaurus) from the upper trias of New South Wales". Bulletin of the ... From the Triassic of the Algerian Sahara. Diagnostic characters include subtriangular external nostrils with lateral borders, ... Howie, A.A. (1970). "A new Capitosaurid Labrinthodont from East Africa". Palaeontology. 13: 210-153. Dahoumane, Anissa; Nedjari ... northern Sahara". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 15 (8): 918-926. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2015.09.005. ISSN 1631-0683. Brown, Barnum; Bird ...
"INITIAL PERIOD OF GERMAN SOUTH WEST AFRICA (SWA)". Retrieved 2009-05-16. "Sahara and Sudan: The Results of Six Years Travel in ... German explorers of Africa, Explorers of Africa, German West Africa, People of former German colonies, German colonial people ... He had witnessed slave hunts performed by African rulers and the cruelties inflicted by them upon other Africans. The horror ... English Translation Sahara and Sudan. volume I: Fezzan and Tibesti; volume II: Kawar, Bornu, Kanem, Borku, Ennedi; volume III: ...
Like much of the African continent south of the Sahara, South Africa's landscape is dominated by a high Central Plateau ... South Africa Municipalities of South Africa List of mountains in South Africa List of rivers of South Africa Summary of South ... South-Easternmost point of mainland South Africa)) Provinces of South Africa Districts of ... Lew Leppan: The South African Book of Records. Cape Town, Don Nelson, 1999. "South African National Biodiversity Institute". ...
... a partnership with Continental Drones designed to establish a delivery network spanning 49 countries across Sub-Sahara Africa. ... the South Pacific, Ireland, and Scotland. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Wingcopter partnered with Thales, Skyports, and the NHS ... During the 2020 African Drone Forum, Wingcopter was judged as the winner of the Emergency Delivery category of the Flying ... Wingcopter has also been active with UNICEF and DHL in delivering vaccines and other medications in Vanuatu and some African ...
eds.). Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2010. Koninklijke Brill. pp. 483+. ISBN 978-90-04- ... "Mozambique". Africa South of the Sahara. US: Stanford University. Retrieved 19 May 2013. Söderbaum 2001. "O Instituto Camões- ... South African History Online. Retrieved 19 May 2013. "The State of African Cities 2010: Governance, Inequalities and Urban Land ... 1916), Africa Pilot: South and East Coasts, Govt. Print. Off., OCLC 20138064 Arquivo Histórico de Moçambique. "Sobre nos" (in ...
... and South Sudan "in early February" 2023 is being prepared, during an online conference with African students broadcast. The ... most of migrants from countries in sub-Sahara Africa. Bulgaria and North Macedonia (5 to 7 May 2019) An announcement was made ... South Korea (14 to 18 August 2014) Pope Francis arrived in Seoul Air Base on 14 August to start his five-day visit to South ... He also warned Africans on the effects of ivory trade and conflict resource to Africa's natural environment, linking the ...
... after defeating South Africa in the final. The team is also the only women's national team from the Confederation of African ... "Kadiri Ikhana Quits As Coach Of Nigeria's National Female Soccer Team, Super Falcons". Sahara Reporters. 12 November 2012. ... The team is by far Africa's most successful international women's football team winning a record eleven Women's Africa Cup of ... They won the first seven African championships and through their first twenty years lost only five games to African competition ...
... and Literature of Africa South of the Sahara (Anchor Press, 1975; ISBN 0-385-07053-5) Ghana: A Political History from Pre- ... on the history and fortunes of African people in general. He would lambast the thoughtless exuberance with which Africans ... The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience, Basic Civitas Books (1999), ISBN 0-465-00071-1 - p. 153. ... He taught African literature at the University of Ghana. Professor Awoonor was among those who were killed in the September ...
South Africa, with his wife and their two children. In 1998 South African authorities investigated a company owned by Thatcher ... "1982: Mark Thatcher missing in Sahara". BBC News. 12 January 1982. Thatcher, Mark (13 January 2004). "Lost in the desert". The ... South Africa, in August 2004 and was charged with contravening two sections of South Africa's Foreign Military Assistance Act, ... Thatcher was unable to get a US visa due to his South African conviction and remains barred from entering the United States. ...
Western Sahara was released on November 18, 2021 as the thirteenth paid DLC released for Arma 3. It includes a co-op campaign, ... Arma 3 primarily takes place in the mid-2030s, on the fictional islands of Altis and Stratis in the South Mediterranean Sea. ... Stepping Stone details NATO's operation to capture the island of Malden from North African CSAT forces to use as a "stepping ... The game's expansions are set on the South Pacific island of Tanoa; the Mediterranean island of Malden; the European country of ...
In South Africa, with casino gambling newly authorized, MGM announced plans in August 1996 to develop 15 properties in ... The two parcels give the company complete control of the southwest corner of the Sahara and Las Vegas Boulevard intersection. ... Orwall, Bruce (August 1, 1996). "MGM Grand to seek casino licenses in South Africa". Wall Street Journal. - via Factiva ( ... opens casino in Johannesburg, South Africa" (Press release). MGM Grand. October 2, 1998. Retrieved 2012-11-26. Ritter, Ken ( ...
African-American hard rock musical groups, African-American heavy metal musical groups, American funk metal musical groups, ... 24-7 Spyz (pronounced "twenty-four-seven spies") are an American rock band from the South Bronx, New York, formed in 1986, ... Joel Maitoza has continued playing drums with bands such as Crown 10, Shockhead, Headtrip Superstar, Don Lithgow, Sahara, ... The fact that they are African Americans playing variations of heavy metal led critics to compare them to bands such as Living ...
Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC): Investments in Overseas Territories in Africa, South of the Sahara., ... Mosley's conception of Eurafrica included upholding apartheid in South Africa, but also cooperation with Africans in central ... He claimed While Europe's future is in the South, Africa's is in the North. ... I call on all those who can do so to join the ... Martin, Guy (1982). "Africa and the Ideology of Eurafrica: Neo-Colonialism or Pan-Africanism?". The Journal of Modern African ...
Sahara Park Willowmoore Benoni (main venue Nov 1996 - 2010) In April 2021, Cricket South Africa confirmed the following squad ... "Division Two squads named for next season". Cricket South Africa. Retrieved 29 April 2021. South African Cricket Annual - ... South African Airways Provincial Three-Day Challenge (0) - South African Airways Provincial One-Day Challenge (0) - Venues have ... Easterns (formerly Eastern Transvaal) has played first-class cricket in South Africa since October 1991, and List A cricket ...
Fauna of the Sahara, Mammals of Sub-Saharan Africa, Mammals of West Africa, Mammals of the Central African Republic, Mammals of ... South Sudan, Mammals of Uganda, Mammals described in 1827, Taxa named by René Lesson). ... The species inhabits a strip of 25 equatorial African countries, very nearly ranging from the east to west coasts of the ... The species is the most wide-ranging of all baboons, being native to 25 countries throughout Africa, extending from Mali ...
ISBN 1-58046-267-7. Europa Publications Limited (2002). Africa South of the Sahara 2003. Routledge. p. 266. ISBN 1-85743-131-6 ... Water in the Central African Republic, Electric power in the Central African Republic). ... It was first proposed in 1929 by Herman Sörgel as part of his Atlantropa project, as a way to irrigate the Sahara. In the 1960s ... Marcello Vichi, It would dam not only the Kotto but also the other right tributaries to the south, including the much larger ...
... and are found in Africa only north of the Sahara. More than a hundred years ago they were also introduced to New Zealand, where ... In South America, Bombus bellicosus was extirpated in the northern limit of its distribution range, probably due to intense ... Johnston, Ian (6 July 2014). "Bye bye big bee: In South America, the world's largest bumblebee is at risk from imported rivals ... They are found primarily in higher altitudes or latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, although they are also found in South ...
Tikolo has previously represented Border in South African domestic cricket and has also spent time playing in England and ... In 2008 Tikolo was selected as captain of The Eastern Aces in Kenya's Domestic Tournament, the Sahara Elite League In 1996 ... Tikolo has also represented an Africa XI against an Asia XI. Tikolo's dominance of Kenyan cricket, is well highlighted that as ... During that tenure, Uganda won the T20 African Premier League and qualified for the World Cricket League Division II. He was ...
Western Sahara, by Tony Hodges. 1982. See No. 55. 36. Egypt, by Joan Wucher King. 1984. See No. 89. 37. South Africa, by ... South Africa, 2nd ed., by Christopher Saunders and Nicholas Southey. 2000. 79. The Gambia, 3rd ed., by Arnold Hughes and Harry ... Titles for Africa are: 1. Cameroon, by Victor T. Le Vine and Roger P. Nye. 1974. See No. 48. 2. The Congo, 2nd ed., by Virginia ... Western Sahara, 2nd ed., by Anthony Pazzanita and Tony Hodges. 1994. See No. 96. 56. Ethiopia and Eritrea, 2nd ed., by Chris ...
Excavations at Hierakonpolis (Upper Egypt) found archaeological evidence of ritual masks similar to those used further south of ... Keita, S. O. Y. (September 1990). "Studies of ancient crania from northern Africa". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. ... Sahara and Sahel. The Archaeology of Drylands: Living at the Margin. Vol. 1, Part III. London: Routledge. pp. 125-136. ISBN 978 ... Keita, S. O. Y. (1993). "Studies and Comments on Ancient Egyptian Biological Relationships". History in Africa. 20: 129-154. ...
Sahara : preistoria e storia del Sahara, ISSN 1120-5679, V. 9 (1997), pp. 124-133. (Articles with short description, Short ... Located on the south-western slopes of Gilf Kebir, it was discovered in 1935 by the explorers Bill Kennedy Shaw and Rupert ... These Neolithic rock paintings testify the favorable climatic conditions of life during the African humid period much different ...
Stock, Robert (2013). Africa South of the Sahara: A Geographical Interpretation. The Guilford Press. "How the autobiography of ... are an African American religious minority. About 1% of African Americans are Muslims. Nonetheless, African American Muslims ... The history of African-American Muslims is related to African-American history in general, and goes back to the Revolutionary ... "Ibrahima Abdur Rahman (1762-1829) - Enslaved and Freed African Muslims: Spiritual Wayfarers in the South and Lowcountry". ...
... president of South Africa (2005) Margaret of Austria, Duchess of Savoy, aunt and guardian of Charles V (2000) Margaret of Parma ... explorer of the Sahara region (2013) Pieter Jelles Troelstra, politician (1980) Cornelis Tromp, naval hero (1943) Maarten Tromp ...
South of 10°, the region west of the Mayo Kébi and south to the border with Chad, in the Cameroonian beak. Here, climate is ... They crossed the Sahara Desert overland and reached Lake Chad in 1822. Denham then explored the lake while Clapperton and ... The whole territory of the Far North Province was once home to most of Africa's iconic species: antelope, jackals, cheetahs, ... The rulers launched a series of conquests, culminating in Dunama Dabbalemi's (r. 1221-1259) expansion south as far south as the ...
The African slave trade through the Sahara is so extensive that the town of Zawila (Tunisia) is established. Maya Civilization ... Avar and Slavic tribes conquer Byzantine territories in the Balkans, occupying lands as far south as the Peloponnese peninsula ...
Although the average life expectancy in Ghana] has risen in 2016 to 62.4 years (male and female) ranking it 25th in Africa, ... The region generally experiences Harmattan, a dry desert wind from the Sahara from December to March. This wind carries thick ... It is approximately 20 kilometers South West of Bibiani. The community was established in 1957, the year of Ghanaian ...
U6b1 has not been found in North Africa, while H1-16260 is "extremely rare". The results suggested that the North African ... at Uchova in the municipality of San Miguel de Abona in the south of the island of Tenerife. This cemetery was almost ... people made a significant contribution to the aboriginal population of the Canaries following desertification of the Sahara at ... May 19, 2014). "The history of the North African mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U6 gene flow into the African, Eurasian and ...
Post Apartheid South Africa has seen increasingly Anti White Racism against White South Africans. In the Sudan, black African ... Ḥassān Arab tribes who emigrated to northwest Africa and present-day Western Sahara and Mauritania during the Middle Ages. Many ... The ideology was also enforced in South West Africa, which was administered by South Africa under a League of Nations mandate ( ... "Indian Slaves in South Africa". African National Congress. Archived from the original on 2008-06-22. Retrieved 2008-11-19. " ...
Dakar was the northern terminus for the South African route, which transported personnel to Pretoria, South Africa, with ... From Dakar, flights were made to Dakhla Airport, near Villa Cisneros in what was then Spanish Sahara, or to Atar Airport, ... South African Airways used Dakar as a stopover with both its flights from Johannesburg to Washington and New York. The stopover ... The airport can handle wide body jets, including in the past the Airbus A340-600 from South African Airways, and the Boeing 777 ...
... 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T ... Alcohol marketing practices in Africa: findings from the Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria AND Uganda  ...
... 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T ... Alcohol marketing practices in Africa: findings from the Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria AND Uganda  ...
And Nigeria should lead that; and that is where South Africa will come in. Its not about South Africa alone, its about Sudan ... South Africa exports 6.4billion rand but Nigeria imports 30.4 billion rand into South Africa. So how do you then take that to ... not just to South Africa but Nigeria should be a big brother to the entire African continent. And Africa recognizes that. ... Sowore said this on Thursday while being interviewed on eTV - South Africas first and only privately-owned free-to-air ...
South African President Jacob Zuma and Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe on Tuesday reaffirmed their countrys firm solidarity ... Pretoria (South Africa), October, 04 2017 (SPS) - South African President Jacob Zuma and Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe on ... The communiqué of the meeting between the President of South Africa and the President of Zimbabwe underlined the need for the ... El Polisario recibe a Ross para preparar la visita de Ban Ki-Moon al Sahara Occidental ONU ...
1st T20I England in South Africa on November 27, 2020 ... forecasts and more info about South Africa v England at Sahara ...
South African parole for Chris Hanis killer roiled by appeals, angry protests ... Using its leverage in keeping extremism in North Africa at bay and controlling the flow of African migrants towards the EU, ... S.African panel releases President Ramaphosas farm cash scandal report 10 hours ago ... Western Sahara sits on vast phosphate deposits and faces rich fishing grounds in the Atlantic Ocean. Thousands of Sahrawis live ...
South Africa. Dispute Settlement. World Trade Organization (WTO). Regional seminar/workshop. 10/05/2010 - 14/05/2010 DS10/1. ... South Africa. Dispute Settlement. World Trade Organization (WTO). National seminar/workshop. 20/09/2010 - 03/10/2010 ASP10/45. ... South Africa. Trade-Related Training Education. World Trade Organization (WTO). Conference / Meeting. 24/08/2010 - 24/08/2010 ... South Africa. Services. World Trade Organization (WTO). Conference / Meeting. 29/03/2010 - 29/03/2010 ZAF10/1. ...
South African President Cyril Ramaphosa will host the President of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic-commonly referred to ... Presidents of Western Sahara and South Africa to meet. - Photo: Sahara Press Service ... Presidents of Western Sahara and South Africa to meet. *In Daily Brief ... South African President Cyril Ramaphosa will host the President of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic-commonly referred to ...
Who is the main supplier of electricity in South Africa?. Eskom represents South Africa in the Southern African Power Pool. The ... Where does South Africa get its electricity?. In South Africa, our most abundant source of energy is coal. Most of our coal is ... How long does a fast mail take in South Africa?. Fastmail is a letter service in South Africa with a one-day delivery standard ... How does South Africa produce electricity?. Electricity in South Africa is mainly produced using coal-fired power stations. In ...
Algeria remains the only country in the African continent that has not wavered in its support for the Sahrawi Arab Republic. ... President of South Africa, Cyril Ramaphosa, has vowed to offer what he has termed unapologetic support for Western Sahara. He ... South Africa: Ramaphosa Shocks the World, Announces Support for Western Sahara against Morocco. ... The African Exponent Weekly. Every week, get a digest of Top African News and Articles from The African Exponent.. ...
If all the sunshine hitting the Sahara was converted into energy, enough electricity would be produced to power Europe 7,000 ... Established in 1996, iAfrica is one of South Africas longest-running portals. iAfrica was acquired by Africa.com in 2018 and ... A map of North Africa is shown, with a surprisingly small box somewhere in Libya or Algeria shaded in. An area of the Sahara ... South Africas First Interactive Livestream Mall Is Launched. * EFF To Open Racial Discrimination Case With HRC Following ...
Food Security Portal Africa South of the Sahara: English Subportal LAfrique au Sud du Sahara: Portail Français ... Food Security Portal Africa South of the Sahara: English Subportal LAfrique au Sud du Sahara: Portail Français ... The global economic consequences of a major African swine fever outbreak in China ...
Palaeontology in Cradle of Civilisation in South Africa.). Sleeping.. Sahara Herald. Sahara Herald. YOUR ROLE AT BDO: ...
SADR - SOUTH AFRICA. The visit from 17.- 19.10.01 of the Algerian President, Bouteflika to South Africa was the occasion of ... In this context the South African President also declared that his country enjoys excellent relations with SADR and its ... subscribe to the mailing list Sahara-update : Sahara[email protected] ... Sahara Occidental: pourquoi les droits de lhomme sont indissociables du droit international, article du bureau de M. Kessler, ...
Country benchmarking - Africa south of the Sahara ...
Does South Africa have NASA?. The South African National Space Agency (SANSA) is South Africas government agency responsible ... Does South Africa have its own satellite?. To date, South Africa is the only sub-Saharan African country to have designed and ... What is the name of Africa Space Agency?. South African National Space Agency (SANSA), South African space agency that was ... Has South Africa launched a rocket?. One of the first rockets to have been successfully built and launched in South Africa, was ...
Food Security Portal Africa South of the Sahara: English Subportal LAfrique au Sud du Sahara: Portail Français ... Food Security Portal Africa South of the Sahara: English Subportal LAfrique au Sud du Sahara: Portail Français ... In addition, the level of fertilizer use in Africa south of the Sahara remains far below other developing regions (around 10kg. ... Focusing on agricultural growth, particularly that of smallholder farmers, can help countries in Africa south of the Sahara ...
165 Queens Gate, South Kensington, South Kensington, London SW7 , 26 minutes from Sahara Restaurant There are plenty of ... London , Restaurants , African restaurants 339 Harrow Road, Maida Vale, London W9 , 14 minutes from Sahara Restaurant African ... London , Restaurants , African restaurants 7 Porchester Gardens, Bayswater, London W2 , 5 minutes from Sahara Restaurant North ... London , Restaurants , African restaurants 56 - 58 Edgeware Road, Bayswater, London W2 , 26 minutes from Sahara Restaurant ...
UN Member States have today recommended Morocco to hold the long-overdue referendum on self-determination for Western Sahara. ... South Africa. Thank you Mr. Vice-President. South Africa welcomes the distinguished delegation of Morocco to this UPR session ... South Africa is encouraged by Moroccos accession to the OPCAT and to the optional protocol to CEDAW. South Africa recognizes ... South Africa is committed to continuing efforts to ensure that the people of Western Sahara will pursue their right to self- ...
New Trip Reports: The Western Sahara, South Africa & Nepal. Home 2014 May 2 New Trip Reports: The Western Sahara, South Africa ... Africa, Central and South America, Europe and the Palearctic, 0 Some recent stories Wild mouse lemurs live six times longer ... South Africa, 2014: Juan Luis Ortega, 10 days & 44 species including Black-footed Cat, Cape Clawless Otter, Aardwolf and ... Africa Afrotropical Alaska Australasian Australia Benin Borneo Botswana Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Central African Republic ...
President Ramaphosa Of South Africa Reaffirms Support For Western Saharas Independence On Oct 18, 2022. 282 0 ... South Africa hosted the Southern African Development Community (SADC) Solidarity Conference with Western Sahara. ... which South Africa formally recognised on 15 September 2004.. "South Africa has continued to reiterate its principled position ... adding that South Africa will continue to advocate for the active participation of African countries in the resolution of the ...
Results of search for su:{Africa South of the Sahara} Refine your search. *. Availability. * Limit to currently available ... Structurally adjusted Africa : poverty, debt and basic needs / edited by David Simon ... [et al.] by Simon, David. ... Structural adjustment in Sub-Saharan Africa / editors, Laetitia van Drunen and Fred van der Kraaij. by Drunen, Laetitia van , ... Family planning programs in Sub-Saharan Africa : case studies from Ghana, Rwanda, and the Sudan / Regina McNamara...[et al.] by ...
Saka Saka: South of the Sahara - Adventures in African Cooking by Anto Cocagne $35.00. -10% off $31.50 Click here to be ... Saka Saka: South of the Sahara - Adventures in African Cooking by Anto Cocagne × ... South of the Sahara - Adventures in African Cooking by Anto Cocagne becomes available. ... And since no one evokes a cuisine better than its daughters and sons, we meet African musicians, writers, artists, and ...
... and Rainbow Book Club project which aimed to select and celebrate 39 of the best young African writers from south of the Sahara ... Africa has produced some of the best writing of the twentieth century, from Chinua Achebe, Ayi Kwei Armah, Ngugi wa Thiongo, ... in 2014 Africa39 brought to worldwide attention the best work from Africa and its diaspora. The judges selected from up to 200 ...
Western Sahara holidays and discover the best time and places to visit. ... Four kilometres south of Mirleft is this truly wild beach, accessible down a set of steps, featuring caves, cliffs and crashing ... Southern Morocco & Western Sahara. The Souss Valley, where goats climb argan trees beneath the sun-baked Anti Atlas, draws a ... Continue even further south to Dakhla for some of the worlds best kitesurfing, and an emerging scene for outdoor activities ...
South Africa S.Africa: Ramaphosa vows unapologetic support to Western Sahara 18/10 - 17:48 ... South African parole for Chris Hanis killer roiled by appeals, angry protests ... African Unity Road linking Algiers to Lagos nears completion 21/11 - 18:48 ...
South Africa may be confusing NY with the UN".. "With all due respect to South Africa, it will not find in the official UN ... UN: Ambassador Denounces South Africas Ideological Connection and Political Blindness to Moroccan Sahara. By dailynews On May ... "support by South Africa to a fallacious terminology of the nature of the regional dispute over the Moroccan Sahara, as well as ... "South Africas denial of the Security Councils stance on the issue of the Moroccan Sahara indelibly tarnishes its credibility ...
The fighting in Western Sahara, which broke out again in November 2020, remains of low intensity. Yet outside powers would be ... South African diplomat, July 2021. See also "14th Extraordinary Session (on Silencing the Guns), Johannesburg, South Africa", ... African Union & Regional Bodies Central Africa East and Southern Africa Great Lakes Horn of Africa Sahel West Africa ... 227 / Middle East & North Africa 14 October 2021. Relaunching Negotiations over Western Sahara The fighting in Western Sahara, ...

No FAQ available that match "africa south of the sahara"

No images available that match "africa south of the sahara"