A republic in southern Africa, the southernmost part of Africa. It has three capitals: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), and Bloemfontein (judicial). Officially the Republic of South Africa since 1960, it was called the Union of South Africa 1910-1960.
All of Africa except Northern Africa (AFRICA, NORTHERN).
The geographical area of Africa comprising BENIN; BURKINA FASO; COTE D'IVOIRE; GAMBIA; GHANA; GUINEA; GUINEA-BISSAU; LIBERIA; MALI; MAURITANIA; NIGER; NIGERIA; SENEGAL; SIERRA LEONE; and TOGO.
The geographical area of Africa comprising ANGOLA; BOTSWANA; LESOTHO; MALAWI; MOZAMBIQUE; NAMIBIA; SOUTH AFRICA; SWAZILAND; ZAMBIA; and ZIMBABWE.
The geographical area of Africa comprising BURUNDI; DJIBOUTI; ETHIOPIA; KENYA; RWANDA; SOMALIA; SUDAN; TANZANIA; and UGANDA.
The geographical area of Africa comprising CAMEROON; CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC; CHAD; CONGO; EQUATORIAL GUINEA; GABON; and DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO.
The geographical area of Africa comprising ALGERIA; EGYPT; LIBYA; MOROCCO; and TUNISIA. It includes also the vast deserts and oases of the Sahara. It is often referred to as North Africa, French-speaking Africa, or the Maghreb. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p856)
Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.
A republic in western Africa, south of SENEGAL and MALI, east of GUINEA-BISSAU. Its capital is Conakry.
The largest of the continents. It was known to the Romans more specifically as what we know today as Asia Minor. The name comes from at least two possible sources: from the Assyrian asu (to rise) or from the Sanskrit usa (dawn), both with reference to its being the land of the rising sun, i.e., eastern as opposed to Europe, to the west. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p82 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p34)
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
A republic in central Africa lying east of CHAD and the CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and west of NIGERIA. The capital is Yaounde.
The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)
Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.
A republic in eastern Africa, south of ETHIOPIA, west of SOMALIA with TANZANIA to its south, and coastline on the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Nairobi.
A republic in eastern Africa, south of SUDAN and west of KENYA. Its capital is Kampala.
The period of history before 500 of the common era.
The process of leaving one's country to establish residence in a foreign country.
A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam. It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of TANGANYIKA and ZANZIBAR.
A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER and between TOGO and NIGERIA. Its capital is Porto-Novo. It was formerly called Dahomey. In the 17th century it was a kingdom in the southern area of Africa. Coastal footholds were established by the French who deposed the ruler by 1892. It was made a French colony in 1894 and gained independence in 1960. Benin comes from the name of the indigenous inhabitants, the Bini, now more closely linked with southern Nigeria (Benin City, a town there). Bini may be related to the Arabic bani, sons. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p136, 310 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p60)
A republic in western Africa, south of BURKINA FASO and west of TOGO. Its capital is Accra.
The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
A system of traditional medicine which is based on the beliefs and practices of the African peoples. It includes treatment by medicinal plants and other materia medica as well as by the ministrations of diviners, medicine men, witch doctors, and sorcerers.
A republic in western Africa, south and east of MALI and west of NIGER. Its capital is Ouagadougou. It was formerly called Upper Volta until 1984.
A field of study concerned with the principles and processes governing the geographic distributions of genealogical lineages, especially those within and among closely related species. (Avise, J.C., Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, 2000)
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
The region of southwest Asia and northeastern Africa usually considered as extending from Libya on the west to Afghanistan on the east. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988)
A country in western Africa, east of MAURITANIA and south of ALGERIA. Its capital is Bamako. From 1904-1920 it was known as Upper Senegal-Niger; prior to 1958, as French Sudan; 1958-1960 as the Sudanese Republic and 1959-1960 it joined Senegal in the Mali Federation. It became an independent republic in 1960.
Aspects of health and disease related to travel.
A republic in southern Africa east of ZAMBIA and MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Lilongwe. It was formerly called Nyasaland.
A republic in western Africa, constituting an enclave within SENEGAL extending on both sides of the Gambia River. Its capital is Banjul, formerly Bathurst.
A republic in western Africa, lying between GHANA on its west and BENIN on its east. Its capital is Lome.
Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)
A republic in western Africa, south of MALI and BURKINA FASO, bordered by GHANA on the east. Its administrative capital is Abidjan and Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983. The country was formerly called Ivory Coast.
A republic in southern Africa, east of ZAMBIA and BOTSWANA and west of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Harare. It was formerly called Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia.
Agents used to treat RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.
Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.
A republic in southern Africa, south of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and TANZANIA, and north of ZIMBABWE. Its capital is Lusaka. It was formerly called Northern Rhodesia.
A republic in west equatorial Africa, south of CAMEROON and west of the CONGO. Its capital is Libreville.
Agents used to treat AIDS and/or stop the spread of the HIV infection. These do not include drugs used to treat symptoms or opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.
Family of the suborder HAPLORHINI (Anthropoidea) comprising bipedal primate MAMMALS. It includes modern man (HOMO SAPIENS) and the great apes: gorillas (GORILLA GORILLA), chimpanzees (PAN PANISCUS and PAN TROGLODYTES), and orangutans (PONGO PYGMAEUS).
A republic in western Africa, north of NIGERIA and west of CHAD. Its capital is Niamey.
The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.
The scientific study of past societies through artifacts, fossils, etc.
A republic in southern Africa, south of TANZANIA, east of ZAMBIA and ZIMBABWE, bordered on the west by the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Maputo. It was formerly called Portuguese East Africa.
The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.
Periodic movement of human settlement from one geographical location to another.
The status of health in rural populations.
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.
A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER between BENIN and CAMEROON. Its capital is Abuja.
A republic in central Africa lying between GABON and DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and south of Cameroon. Its capital is Brazzaville.
Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.
A republic in southern Africa, between NAMIBIA and ZAMBIA. It was formerly called Bechuanaland. Its capital is Gaborone. The Kalahari Desert is in the west and southwest.
A republic in western Africa, south of SENEGAL and west of GUINEA. Its capital is Bissau.
A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) that are known vectors of MALARIA.
Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.
The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)
A republic in central Africa, east of NIGER, west of SUDAN and south of LIBYA. Its capital is N'Djamena.
The reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means.
The concept pertaining to the health status of inhabitants of the world.
A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.
A republic in western Africa, south of GUINEA and west of LIBERIA. Its capital is Freetown.
A republic in southern Africa, south of ANGOLA and west of BOTSWANA. Its capital is Windhoek.
An acute infection caused by the RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS, an RNA arthropod-borne virus, affecting domestic animals and humans. In animals, symptoms include HEPATITIS; abortion (ABORTION, VETERINARY); and DEATH. In humans, symptoms range from those of a flu-like disease to hemorrhagic fever, ENCEPHALITIS, or BLINDNESS.
The comparative science dealing with the physical characteristics of humans as related to their origin, evolution, and development in the total environment.
The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in the pursuit of a common goal or interest.
Sudden outbreaks of a disease in a country or region not previously recognized in that area, or a rapid increase in the number of new cases of a previous existing endemic disease. Epidemics can also refer to outbreaks of disease in animal or plant populations.
A republic in central Africa south of CHAD and SUDAN, north of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, and east of CAMEROON. The capital is Bangui.
The general name for NORTH AMERICA; CENTRAL AMERICA; and SOUTH AMERICA unspecified or combined.
An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.
An infant during the first month after birth.
The number of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. Determination requires the use of a fluorescence-activated flow cytometer.
Excision of the prepuce of the penis (FORESKIN) or part of it.
Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.
Numerous islands in the Indian Ocean situated east of Madagascar, north to the Arabian Sea and east to Sri Lanka. Included are COMOROS (republic), MADAGASCAR (republic), Maldives (republic), MAURITIUS (parliamentary democracy), Pemba (administered by Tanzania), REUNION (a department of France), and SEYCHELLES (republic).
Drug regimens, for patients with HIV INFECTIONS, that aggressively suppress HIV replication. The regimens usually involve administration of three or more different drugs including a protease inhibitor.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.
Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.
A species of mosquito in the genus Anopheles and the principle vector of MALARIA in Africa.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
A specialized agency of the United Nations designed as a coordinating authority on international health work; its aim is to promote the attainment of the highest possible level of health by all peoples.
The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.
Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.
A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.
The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.
Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.
The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.
Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.
Development of neutralizing antibodies in individuals who have been exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/HTLV-III/LAV).
Sexual activities of humans.
The branch of medicine concerned with diseases, mainly of parasitic origin, common in tropical and subtropical regions.
The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.
Programs of surveillance designed to prevent the transmission of disease by any means from person to person or from animal to man.
A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The geographical area of Asia comprising BORNEO; BRUNEI; CAMBODIA; INDONESIA; LAOS; MALAYSIA; the MEKONG VALLEY; MYANMAR (formerly Burma), the PHILIPPINES; SINGAPORE; THAILAND; and VIETNAM.
A republic in southern Africa, southwest of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and west of ZAMBIA. Its capital is Luanda.
The geographical designation for the countries of the MIDDLE EAST and the countries BANGLADESH; BHUTAN; INDIA; NEPAL; PAKISTAN; and SRI LANKA. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993 & Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988)
Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.
A mosquito-borne species of the PHLEBOVIRUS genus found in eastern, central, and southern Africa, producing massive hepatitis, abortion, and death in sheep, goats, cattle, and other animals. It also has caused disease in humans.
Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Communications using an active or passive satellite to extend the range of radio, television, or other electronic transmission by returning signals to earth from an orbiting satellite.
A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.
One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.
The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.
Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.
The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.
A country located in north Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, with a southern border with Western Sahara, eastern border with Algeria. The capital is Rabat.
The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.
The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.
An acute febrile human disease caused by the LASSA VIRUS.
A republic in western Africa, south of GUINEA and east of COTE D'IVOIRE. Its capital is Monrovia.
The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.
Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" agents, those with the greatest efficacy and acceptable degrees of toxicity used successfully in the great majority of cases; and "second-line" drugs used in drug-resistant cases or those in which some other patient-related condition has compromised the effectiveness of primary therapy.
The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.
The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.
The process whereby a society changes from a rural to an urban way of life. It refers also to the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.
One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)
Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.
A group of SESQUITERPENES and their analogs that contain a peroxide group (PEROXIDES) within an oxepin ring (OXEPINS).
Techniques used to determine the age of materials, based on the content and half-lives of the RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES they contain.
A republic in eastern Africa, on the Gulf of Aden at the entrance to the Red Sea. Djibouti is also the name of its capital.
A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).
Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).
Child who has lost both parents through death or desertion.
A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.
Study subjects in COHORT STUDIES whose outcomes are unknown e.g., because they could not or did not wish to attend follow-up visits.(from Dictionary of Epidemiology, 5th ed.)
The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.
A kingdom in southern Africa, west of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Mbabane. The area was settled by the Swazi branch of the Zulu nation in the early 1880's, with its independence guaranteed by the British and Transvaal governments in 1881 and 1884. With limited self-government introduced in 1962, it became independent in 1968. Swazi is the Zulu name for the people who call themselves Swati, from Mswati, the name of a 16th century king, from a word meaning stick or rod. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1170 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p527)
The systematic surveying, mapping, charting, and description of specific geographical sites, with reference to the physical features that were presumed to influence health and disease. Medical topography should be differentiated from EPIDEMIOLOGY in that the former emphasizes geography whereas the latter emphasizes disease outbreaks.
The MEDITERRANEAN SEA, the MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS, and the countries bordering on the sea collectively.
Tuberculosis resistant to ISONIAZID and RIFAMPIN and at least three of the six main classes of second-line drugs (AMINOGLYCOSIDES; polypeptide agents; FLUOROQUINOLONES; THIOAMIDES; CYCLOSERINE; and PARA-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID) as defined by the CDC.
A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces "African sleeping sickness." Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.
A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.
A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA, east of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, west of TANZANIA. Its capital is Kigali. It was formerly part of the Belgian trust territory of Ruanda-Urund.
The development by insects of resistance to insecticides.
Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.
Periodic movements of animals in response to seasonal changes or reproductive instinct. Hormonal changes are the trigger in at least some animals. Most migrations are made for reasons of climatic change, feeding, or breeding.
The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.
Number of deaths of children between one year of age to 12 years of age in a given population.
Professionals, technicians, and assistants staffing LABORATORIES.
Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.
Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.
The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens. When transmission is within the same species, the mode can be horizontal or vertical (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).
The application of molecular biology to the answering of epidemiological questions. The examination of patterns of changes in DNA to implicate particular carcinogens and the use of molecular markers to predict which individuals are at highest risk for a disease are common examples.
The human male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in humans.
Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.
Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.
Activities concerned with governmental policies, functions, etc.
A species of ARENAVIRUS, part of the Old World Arenaviruses (ARENAVIRUSES, OLD WORLD), and the etiologic agent of LASSA FEVER. LASSA VIRUS is a common infective agent in humans in West Africa. Its natural host is the multimammate mouse Mastomys natalensis.
Simultaneous infection of a host organism by two or more pathogens. In virology, coinfection commonly refers to simultaneous infection of a single cell by two or more different viruses.
Married or single individuals who share sexual relations.
The personal cost of acute or chronic disease. The cost to the patient may be an economic, social, or psychological cost or personal loss to self, family, or immediate community. The cost of illness may be reflected in absenteeism, productivity, response to treatment, peace of mind, or QUALITY OF LIFE. It differs from HEALTH CARE COSTS, meaning the societal cost of providing services related to the delivery of health care, rather than personal impact on individuals.
Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions.
Number of individuals in a population relative to space.
The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.
Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.
An independent state in eastern Africa. Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered on the north and northeast by Eritrea, on the east by Djibouti and Somalia, on the south by Kenya, and on the west and southwest by Sudan. Its capital is Addis Ababa.
The geographic area of Latin America in general and when the specific country or countries are not indicated. It usually includes Central America, South America, Mexico, and the islands of the Caribbean.
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
A kingdom in southern Africa, within the republic of SOUTH AFRICA. Its capital is Maseru.
The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous insects through chemical, biological, or other means.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Representations, normally to scale and on a flat medium, of a selection of material or abstract features on the surface of the earth, the heavens, or celestial bodies.
A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.
A republic in eastern Africa bounded on the north by RWANDA and on the south by TANZANIA. Its capital is Bujumbura.
Diseases that are underfunded and have low name recognition but are major burdens in less developed countries. The World Health Organization has designated six tropical infectious diseases as being neglected in industrialized countries that are endemic in many developing countries (HELMINTHIASIS; LEPROSY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ONCHOCERCIASIS; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; and TRACHOMA).
Organizational development including enhancement of management structures, processes and procedures, within organizations and among different organizations and sectors to meet present and future needs.
Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which ANIMALS, ZOO is available.
The study of the teeth of early forms of life through fossil remains.
The production and movement of food items from point of origin to use or consumption.
Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.
A species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS causing an epidemic disease among captive primates.
Infectious diseases that are novel in their outbreak ranges (geographic and host) or transmission mode.
The science devoted to the comparative study of man.
A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM OVALE, and PLASMODIUM VIVAX. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; P. vinckei, and PLASMODIUM YOELII in rodents; P. brasilianum, PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI; and PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI in monkeys; and PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM in chickens.
The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.
A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals. The most familiar application is in clinical decision analysis where it is used for estimating the probability of a particular diagnosis given the appearance of some symptoms or test result.
The status of health in urban populations.
Size and composition of the family.
The change in gene frequency in a population due to migration of gametes or individuals (ANIMAL MIGRATION) across population barriers. In contrast, in GENETIC DRIFT the cause of gene frequency changes are not a result of population or gamete movement.
Articles of cloth, usually cotton or rayon and other synthetic or cotton-blend fabrics, used in households, hospitals, physicians' examining rooms, nursing homes, etc., for sheets, pillow cases, toweling, gowns, drapes, and the like.
A country in northeastern Africa. The capital is Khartoum.
A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE that is perennial with conspicuous, almost palmate leaves like those of RICINUS but more deeply parted into five to nine lobes. It is a source of a starch after removal of the cyanogenic glucosides. The common name of Arrowroot is also used with Maranta (MARANTACEAE). The common name of yuca is also used for YUCCA.
MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.
To be used for articles pertaining to medical activities carried out by personnel in institutions which are administered by a religious organization.
Persons trained to assist professional health personnel in communicating with residents in the community concerning needs and availability of health services.
Increase, over a specific period of time, in the number of individuals living in a country or region.
Bites and stings inflicted by insects.
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Genetic analysis of type O viruses responsible for epidemics of foot-and-mouth disease in North Africa. (1/263)

The nucleotide sequences of the 3' end of the capsid-coding region were determined for 30 serotype O foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) viruses isolated between 1987 and 1994 from outbreaks in North Africa and the Middle East. These sequences were compared with the previously published sequences of 9 field virus isolates from the Middle East and 5 vaccine virus strains, 3 of which originated from the Middle East (O1/Turkey/Manisa/69, O1/Sharquia/Egypt/72 and O1/Israel/2/85) and 2 from Europe (O1/Lausanne/Switzerland/65 and O2/Brescia/Italy/47). Cluster analysis of these sequences using the unweighted pair group mean average (UPGMA) method showed: (i) that the FMD viruses isolated from North Africa and the Middle East were very different from the classical European vaccine strains; (ii) that all the viruses isolated during the 1989-92 North African epidemic formed a cluster differing by no more than 6% from each other; (iii) a virus isolated in Libya in 1988 was unrelated to the aforementioned epidemic; and (iv) viruses from a second, less extensive epidemic, occurring in 1994, fell into yet another cluster.  (+info)

Estimating mortality, morbidity and disability due to malaria among Africa's non-pregnant population. (2/263)

The contribution of malaria to morbidity and mortality among people in Africa has been a subject of academic interest, political advocacy, and speculation. National statistics for much of sub-Saharan Africa have proved to be an unreliable source of disease-specific morbidity and mortality data. Credible estimates of disease-specific burdens are required for setting global and national priorities for health in order to rationalize the use of limited resources and lobby for financial support. We have taken an empirical approach to defining the limits of Plasmodium falciparum transmission across the continent and interpolated the distributions of projected populations in 1995. By combining a review of the literature on malaria in Africa and models of acquired functional immunity, we have estimated the age-structured rates of the fatal, morbid and disabling sequelae following exposure to malaria infection under different epidemiological conditions.  (+info)

Deaths within 90 days from starting renal replacement therapy in the ERA-EDTA Registry between 1990 and 1992. (3/263)

BACKGROUND: Patients who die within 90 days of commencing renal replacement therapy (RRT) may be recorded by some centres and not others, and hence data on mortality and survival may not be comparable. However, it is essential to compare like with like when analysing differences between modalities, centres and registries. It was decided, therefore, to look at the incidence of deaths within 90 days in the ERA-EDTA Registry, and to try to define the characteristics of this group of patients. METHODS: Between 1 January 1990 and 31 December 1992, 78 534 new patients started RRT in 28 countries affiliated to the ERA-EDTA Registry. Their mean age was 54 years and 31% were over 65 years old. Eighty-two per cent of the patients received haemodialysis (HD), 16% peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 2% had preemptive transplantation as first mode of treatment. RESULTS: From January 1990 to March 1993 the overall incidence of deaths was 19% and 4% of all patients died within 90 days from the start of RRT. Among those dying within 90 days 59% were over 65 years compared to 53% over 65 years in those dying beyond this time (P<0.0001). The modality of RRT did not influence the distribution of deaths before and after 90 days. Vascular causes and malignancy were more common in those dying after 90 days, while there were more cardiac and social causes among the early deaths. Mortality from social causes was twice as common in the elderly, who had a significantly higher chance of dying from social causes within 90 days compared to those aged under 65 years. The overall incidence of deaths within 90 days was 3.9% but there was a wide variation between countries, from 1.8% to 11.4%. Finally, patient survival at 2 years was markedly influenced in different age groups when deaths within 90 days were taken into account. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of deaths within 90 days from the start of RRT was 3.9%, with a marked variation between countries ranging from 1.8% to 11.4%, which probably reflects mainly differences in reporting these deaths, although variable selection criteria for RRT may contribute. Deaths within 90 days were significantly more frequent in elderly patients with more early deaths resulting from cardiac and social causes, while vascular causes of death and malignancy were more common in those dying after 90 days. Patient survival analyses should take into account deaths within 90 days from the start of RRT, particularly when comparing results between modalities, countries and registries.  (+info)

Variation in short tandem repeats is deeply structured by genetic background on the human Y chromosome. (4/263)

Eleven biallelic polymorphisms and seven short-tandem-repeat (STR) loci mapping on the nonrecombining portion of the human Y chromosome have been typed in men from northwestern Africa. Analysis of the biallelic markers, which represent probable unique events in human evolution, allowed us to characterize the stable backgrounds or haplogroups of Y chromosomes that prevail in this geographic region. Variation in the more rapidly mutating genetic markers (STRs) has been used both to estimate the time to the most recent common ancestor for STR variability within these stable backgrounds and to explore whether STR differentiation among haplogroups still retains information about their phylogeny. When analysis of molecular variance was used to study the apportionment of STR variation among both genetic backgrounds (i.e., those defined by haplogroups) and population backgrounds, we found STR variability to be clearly structured by haplogroups. More than 80% of the genetic variance was found among haplogroups, whereas only 3.72% of the genetic variation could be attributed to differences among populations-that is, genetic variability appears to be much more structured by lineage than by population. This was confirmed when two population samples from the Iberian Peninsula were added to the analysis. The deep structure of the genetic variation in old genealogical units (haplogroups) challenges a population-based perspective in the comprehension of human genome diversity. A population may be better understood as an association of lineages from a deep and population-independent gene genealogy, rather than as a complete evolutionary unit.  (+info)

Mortality differentials among Israeli men. (5/263)

OBJECTIVES: This study examined differentials in mortality among adult Israeli men with respect to ethnic origin, marital status, and several measures of social status. METHODS: Data were based on a linkage of records from a 20% sample of the 1983 census to records of deaths occurring before the end of 1992. The study population included 72,527 men, and the number of deaths was 17,378. RESULTS: Differentials is mortality by origin show that mortality was higher among individuals of North African origin than among those of Asian and European origin. After allowance for several socioeconomic indicators, the excess mortality among North African Jews was eliminated. Substantial and consistent differences in mortality were found according to education, occupation, income, possession of a car, housing, and household amenities. Differentials among the elderly were markedly narrower than those among men younger than 70 years. CONCLUSIONS: Some sectors of Israeli society have higher risks of death than others, including, among the male population, these who are poor, less educated, unmarried, unskilled, out of the labor force, and of North African origin.  (+info)

Frequent association between alteration of the rdxA gene and metronidazole resistance in French and North African isolates of Helicobacter pylori. (6/263)

Mutations in the rdxA gene have been associated with the acquisition of resistance to metronidazole in Helicobacter pylori. This gene encodes an NADPH nitroreductase whose expression is necessary for intracellular activation of the drug. We wished to examine whether mutations in rdxA were present in resistant H. pylori isolates infecting either French or North African patients. We determined the complete nucleotide sequences of the rdxA genes from seven French and six North African patients infected with paired resistant and sensitive strains. Genotyping by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis confirmed the close genetic relatedness of the susceptible and resistant isolates from individual biopsies. Eight French and five North African individual resistant strains were also studied. For the French strains, an alteration in rdxA most probably implicated in resistance was found in 10 cases (seven frameshift mutations, two missense mutations, and one deletion of 211 bp). One to three putative missense mutations were identified in four cases, and a missense mutation possibly not implicated in resistance was discovered in the last case. For the North African strains, an alteration in rdxA was found in eight cases (three frameshift mutations, three missense mutations, one deletion of 6 bp, and one insertion of a variant of IS605). Two strains contained putative missense mutations, and no change was observed in rdxA of the last strain. Thus, inactivation of the rdxA gene is frequently, but not always, associated with resistance to metronidazole in French and North African clinical isolates of H. pylori. In addition, a variety of alterations of rdxA are associated with the resistant phenotype.  (+info)

The development of a continuous quality control programme for strict sperm morphology among sub-Saharan African laboratories. (7/263)

Inter-technician and between-laboratory differences, especially during the evaluation of sperm morphology, have been a major cause of concern. The study aimed to develop an intensive training programme with intervals of continuous quality control assessments for sperm morphology. Twenty andrology laboratories from sub-Saharan Africa were invited to participate in a World Health Organization Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction semenology workshop. Following intensive training in strict sperm morphololgy evaluation, a continuous quality control programme was introduced on a quarterly basis. At baseline, the mean (+/- SD) percentage difference reported between the participants and the reference laboratory reading was 33.50 +/- 11%. After training, the mean percentage difference had decreased to 14.32 +/- 5% at 3 months and to 5.00 +/- 5% at 6 months. Pairwise comparison of the differences at each evaluation time revealed the following: Baseline differences (pre-training) differed significantly from the differences at 3 months (P = 0.0002) as well as at 6 months after training (P = 0.007). The differences at 6 months did not differ significantly from those at 3 months (P = 0.27). Training of andrology technicians as well as continuous proficiency testing can be conducted on a national and international level with the support of a referring laboratory. Global quality control measurements in andrology laboratories should become mandatory, since these results indicate that continuous quality control for laboratory technicians can be highly successful.  (+info)

Genetic structure of north-west Africa revealed by STR analysis. (8/263)

We have analysed a large set of autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci in several Arabic and Berber-speaking groups from north-west Africa (ie Moroccan Arabs, northern-central and southern Moroccan Berbers, Saharawis, and Mozabites). Two levels of analysis have been devised using two sets of 12STR loci, (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, THO1, TPOX, CSF1PO, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317 and D7S820) and 21 (the former set plus D9S926, D11S2010, D13S767, D14S306, D18S848, D2S1328, D4S243, F13A1, and FES/FPS). For each set, data for a number of external reference populations were gathered from the literature. Several methods of analysis based on genetic distances (neighbour-joining trees, principal coordinate analysis, boundary detection), as well as AMOVA, showed that genetic differentiation among NW African populations was very low and devoid of any spatial pattern. When the NW African populations were grouped according to cultural or linguistic differences, the partition was not associated with genetic differentiation. Thus, it is likely that Arabisation was mainly a cultural process. A clear genetic difference was found between NW African populations and Iberians, which underscores the Gilbraltar Straits as a strong barrier to genetic exchange; nonetheless, some degree of gene flow into Southern Iberia may have existed. NW Africans were genetically closer to Iberians and to other Europeans than to African Americans.  (+info)

But the lists existence is no secret anymore, nor is the ambition of many in the administration to see it greatly expanded, with designs on setting the goal of killing a number of Islamist militants across Northern Africa and then creating the US military and/or CIA infrastructure to start getting those killings done.. The man to get this escalation done is Mokhtar Belmokhtar, the Algerian militant behind last months hostage siege at a BP gas plant along the Libyan border. His addition would set a precedent that would mean a precipitous increase in US ambitions across northern Africa.. Belmokhtar is not believed to be on the list yet because theres simply no one to kill him. The CIAs drone campaign is restricted to Yemen and Pakistan, and the Pentagon isnt occupying Algeria.. This means getting him on the list, on the surface something most officials will feel is non-controversial, will mean putting something in Northern Africa to kill him. A drone base for the CIA is a possibility, and ...
Dust still lingered over northern Africa on February 24, 2006, a day after a massive dust storm swept over Algeria, Tunisia, and Libya. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) flying onboard the Aqua satellite captured this image on February 24.. In this image, a cloud of dust several hundred kilometers across extends from Libya and Egypt over the Mediterranean Sea. Faint tendrils of dust reach as far to the east as Israel. Although the dust hides many land features in northern Africa, the lush, green Nile Delta still stands out from its surroundings.. NASA image courtesy Jeff Schmaltz, MODIS Land Rapid Response Team at NASA GSFC. ...
City Navigator Middle East & Northern Africa NT 2015.20 Coverage may vary, the above is a previous release picture Provides more than 960,000 km (596,700 mi) of road coverage. Displays more than 1
In Northern Africa, UCSF researchers are involved with testing hepatitis C treatment. The Global Health Group (GHG) works on malaria elimination in Algeria. Steven Deeks international HIV trials network (INSIGHT) works collaboratively with researchers in Morocco.. ...
Looking for Sahara Desert? Find out information about Sahara Desert. worlds largest desert, c.3,500,000 sq mi , N Africa; the western part of a great arid zone that continues into SW Asia. Extending more than 3,000 mi , from... Explanation of Sahara Desert
The Kingdom of Morocco invaded Western Sahara in 1975. Morocco has retained control of the majority of the territory, with the nationalist Sahrawi (the ethnic group of the Sahara, mostly those from Western Sahara) Polisario Front, controlling only 20-25% of the land. The Polisario Front has declared the entire Western Sahara territory to be the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (RASD), which has been recognized by close to 80 other countries and granted membership to the African Union. In 1991, the Polisario Front and Moroccan government agreed to a ceasefire and referendum supervised by the United Nations, which then began the United Nations Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara. Debate over voter eligibility initially plagued progress on the referendum. Sahrawi students and political activists began their first protests of human rights abuses from the Moroccan government and lack of progress in the referendum issue in the first Sahrawi intifada of 1999-2004. (See Sahrawis campaign for ...
With the fast pace of our everyday, we cant lose the patients story [asthma history] as a part of the care process. Asthma Insight recognizes the power of voice [data] in the care continuum and helps patients not only capture their story, but connect with everyone on their care team - parents, doctors, nurses, caretakers, and anyone they feel is important to their care journey. Asthma Insight empowers this connection between patients & care teams through information exchange. Identifying triggers is a very personal process [outside of allergy testing alone] and Asthma Insight acts as a personal repository for symptom tracking that will be important in augmenting care planning - while also maintaining connectivity and sharing information with vital care stakeholders. ...
The 374F mutation in the SLC45A2 gene encoding the membrane associated transporter protein (MATP) has been suggested to be associated with skin color in Caucasians. In this synthesis, we collected the distribution of the 374F allele in 2910 unrelated subjects from 28 European and 4 North African populations. The highest allele frequency was observed in Denmark (0.98) and the lowest frequencies were observed in Tunisia (0.61) and in Algerian Mozabites (0.40). A significant decreasing latitudinal cline in 374F allele frequencies was observed, ranging from the north of West Europe to North Africa (R² = 0.6781). Key words: Human skin pigmentation, SLC45A2 gene, 374F mutation, membrane-associated transporter protein (MATP), population study, gradient of allele frequencies, West Europe and North Africa.
There is concern among many observers that U.S. efforts to help build Afghan governance, democracy, civil society, and rule of law will founder as the United States and its partners seek to wind down their involvement in Afghanistan by the end of 2014. Some argue that the informal power structure, which has always been at least as significant a factor in governance as the formal power structure, will sustain governance beyond 2014 if formal governing structures falter. Others say greater reliance on the informal power structure will invite even more corruption and arbitrary administration of justice than is the case now. Karzai has turned the informal power structure to his advantage by relying on the loyalty of several close, ethnic Pashtun allies, while both engaging and dividing the minority ethnic and political faction leaders that generally oppose him. However, several powerful non-Pashtun faction leaders oppose Karzais willingness to make concessions to insurgent leaders in search of a ...
The ten tribes of Israel, after they were left to follow the dictates of their own mind, and during the commotion and destructive warfare which ensued, to escape utter extermination, migrated, according to the usage of the times, in vast numbers into various countries, but principally into Northern Africa, as it then presented the safest and easiest route. Once settled, every commotion and intestine war had the most powerful effect of inducing these migratory bands to shift their abode still further, and so lose all connextion with the other branch of the tribe. As hundreds of years pass on, and generation after generation roll away, they lose a great many of their habits and customs, becoming more amalgamated with the population with which they associate. But when Mohammedanism overspread Northern Africa, destroying by fire and sword all those of another religion, the Israelitish descendants, or the inhabitants occupying the central portion of Africa, passed foward, seeking shelter to the south ...
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Cotton: Gossypium spp.( Magnoliophyta, Magnoliopsida, Malvales, Malvaceae). Origin: Arab merchants brought cotton cloth to Europe about 800 A.D.. Service: Provides us with thin material to make clothes. Largely self pollinated.. Sheep: Ovis aries (Chordata, Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Bovidae). Origin: the sheep is supposed to have been domesticated in the Neolithic period about 10,000 years ago in Asia.. Service: Provide merino wool for carpets in our house, lining in cars and for human clothing. Curdled milk is used to make organic paint.. Rye grass: Lolium perenne (Angiosperm, Poales, Poaceae). Origin: domesticated from Eurasia and northern Africa. Service: Provides food for cows and sheep.. White clover: Trifolium repens, (Angiosperm, Fabales, Fabaceae). Origin: domesticated from Eurasia and northern Africa. Service: fertilised the rye grass and fed the cow and sheep.. Honeybee: Apis mellifera, (Arthropoda, Insecta, Hymenoptera, Apidae). Origin: Europe. Service: pollinates the clover. Nitrogen ...
British Isles, Scandinavia, Russia, Siberia throughout Europe to the Canary Islands and Northern Africa, Turkey, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, China, Korea, Japan, Canada, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Nebraska, South Dakota, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Pennsylvania, New York and New England. Winters in Mexico, Gulf coast, Florida, Cuba, northern Africa and southern Asia ...
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This is the first time that a study conducted at the species level collates and integrates information on the socio-economic value of freshwater species ...
Size: 6 x 4 x 2.75 cm Weight: 71.7 grams Location: Western Sahara Desert, Africa This item is one of a kind and you will receive the EXACT piece(s) pictured. Macro photography is used to show detail but can make items appear larger than their actual size. Please refer to the size ranges and note whether they are in cen
Background Despite the limited genetic heterogeneity of Spanish populations, substantial evidences support that historical African influences have not affected them uniformly. Accounting for such population differences might be essential to reduce spurious results in association studies of genetic factors with disease. Using ancestry informative markers (AIMs), we aimed to measure the African influences in Spanish populations and to explore whether these might introduce statistical bias in population-based association studies. Methodology/Principal Findings We genotyped 93 AIMs in Spanish (from the Canary Islands and the Iberian Peninsula) and Northwest Africans, and conducted population and individual-based clustering analyses along with reference data from the HapMap, HGDP-CEPH, and other sources. We found significant differences for the Northwest African influence among Spanish populations from as low as ≈5% in Spanish from the Iberian Peninsula to as much as ≈17% in Canary Islanders, whereas
Ancient Origins articles related to Trans-Saharan gold trade in the sections of history, archaeology, human origins, unexplained, artifacts, ancient places and myths and legends. (Page 1 of tag Trans-Saharan gold trade)
The androgen receptor (AR) has been proposed as a candidate gene for several cancers (breast, prostate, uterine endometrium, colon, and esophagus). Ethnicity is considered an associated risk factor for some of these cancers. Several case-control genetic studies have been focused in samples of the main ethnic groups, but little is known about the distribution of risk polymorphisms in current populations with accurate ethnic and/or geographic origins. The A allele of the G1733A polymorphism of the AR gene has been associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. We provide data from this marker in 12 samples from 7 Mediterranean countries such as Spain, Italy (Sardinia), Greece, Turkey, Morocco, Algeria, and Egypt. A sample from Ivory Coast has also been analyzed. The A allele distribution shows a frequency in the Ivory Coast population (65.17%) that contrasts with the low values found in Northern Mediterraneans (mean average value of 13.98%). North African populations present two-times higher ...
Are you heading to Morocco and planning to go overnight camping in the Sahara? Here is my Sahara Desert packing list to help you for your trip!
Every day, millions of microorganisms reach Spain from the Sahara Desert and the Sahel region -- by flying. Louis Pasteur demonstrated back in 1861 that germs can move through the air, but it was only recently discovered that bacteria, fungi and viruses can travel thousands of kilometers stuck onto dust particles. Satellite images show clouds that come close to the size of the Iberian Peninsula.
The Court of Justice of the European Union has just recognized that agricultural or fishery products invoiced in Western Sahara cannot be considered as Moroccan products, because Western Sahara is not part of Morocco.
Impossible as it might seem, there are many such groups, all of them tribal nomads on the fringes of the Sahara desert. Take the Beja, who live in the Sudan between the Nile and the Red Sea. As recently as 5,000 years ago, northern Africa had a much wetter climate. When the rains dried up, so did the land, leading to a spread of the desert into traditional nomadic pastoral lands. Agriculture became impossible in this desert setting. Only animals could eat the few plants that naturally grew and no other food sources were available (condition 3). Yet the Beja survive as long as their animals do. During the dry season that may last as long as nine months they live almost entirely on the milk of their camels and goats, up to 3 quarts per adult per day (condition 1). Milk processing and storage in forms that are low in lactose is impossible given the desert temperatures and the nomadic Beja lifestyle. All the milk must be drunk fresh (condition 2). As the Beja clearly satisfy all three conditions, ...
Aminatou Haidar, who is 42 and has two children, was detained at Laayoune airport, Western Sahara on 13 November when she returned from a month-long trip, to countries including the USA, where she accepted the 2009 Civil Courage Prize, which is awarded every year for steadfast resistance to evil at great personal risk. She was questioned about why she had given her home as Western Sahara rather than Moroccan Sahara on her landing card; she was also asked about her travel, as well as her political opinions and affiliations. Her Moroccan passport and identity card were then confiscated and she was detained in the airport overnight. She said that on 14 November officials offered to release her in return for a public acknowledgement of Moroccan sovereignty over Western Sahara. She refused to do so, and a few hours later she was put on a flight to Lanzarote, in the Canary Islands.. Aminatou Haidar has been on hunger strike since 15 November in protest. According to her family, she has grown ...
Recent scientific literature has highlighted the relevance of population genetic studies both for disease association mapping in admixed populations and for understanding the history of human migrations. Deeper insight into the history of the Italian population is critical for understanding the peopling of Europe. Because of its crucial position at the centre of the Mediterranean basin, the Italian peninsula has experienced a complex history of colonization and migration whose genetic signatures are still present in contemporary Italians. In this study, we investigated genomic variation in the Italian population using 2.5 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a sample of more than 300 unrelated Italian subjects with well-defined geographical origins. We combined several analytical approaches to interpret genome-wide data on 1272 individuals from European, Middle Eastern, and North African populations. We detected three major ancestral components contributing different proportions across the ...
Celiac disease (CD) is an intolerance to dietary proteins of wheat, barley, and rye. CD may have substantial morbidity, yet it is quite common with a prevalence of 1%-2% in Western populations. It is not clear why the CD phenotype is so prevalent despite its negative effects on human health, especially because appropriate treatment in the form of a gluten-free diet has only been available since the 1950s, when dietary gluten was discovered to be the triggering factor. The high prevalence of CD might suggest that genes underlying this disease may have been favored by the process of natural selection. We assessed signatures of selection for ten confirmed CD-associated loci in several genome-wide data sets, comprising 8154 controls from four European populations and 195 individuals from a North African population, by studying haplotype lengths via the integrated haplotype score (iHS) method. Consistent signs of positive selection for CD-associated derived alleles were observed in three loci: IL12A, ...
ACCUCOMS, the leading provider of sales and marketing services for publishers will now represent Ephorus in the Middle East and North Africa regions. Ephorus is a Dutch organisation that aims to support educational establishments in the prevention of plagiarism. It enables the owners of content to check and protect their work and it can assist students in dealing with information in an honest and transparent manner. The company is currently a market leader in Europe and more than 5,000 schools and universities use the Ephorus software. In fact, tens of thousands of documents are checked each and every day in over 46 different countries. Joep Chappin, founder of Ephorus shared his enthusiasm about the new development: We are excited to partner with ACCUCOMS. The organization offers us an opportunity to enter the Middle East and North Africa regions. This partnership will also give both parties more opportunities in the future. Ephorus is determined to improve the quality of education and we know ...
DAKAR, Senegal (AP) - More than 80 African migrants have been rescued after being found in a remote stretch of the Sahara Desert where hundreds of others have died along the perilous journey in recent years, the International Organization for Migration said Tuesday. The 41 females from Nigeria, including twin 4-year-old girls, and 42 males […]
Find great deals on Camel driver in the Sahara desert, near Douz, Kebili, Tunisia Photographic Print by Godong at AllPosters.com, with free shipping on orders $23+, free returns, and our low price guarantee.
Pre-Existing Slave Trade Trans-Saharan trade routes (Red Sea and East African) had been trading slaves for centuries throughout the Middle East and Northern Africa Mostly women: traded as concubines for harems; domestic servants Some men: soldiers, field workers (salt production and gold mines), caravan laborers Europeans tapped into existing routes and supplies of slaves. Used this to justify their own enslavement of Africans in New World Mid 1400s: Europeans begin to utilize slaves in Europe as household servants Other forms of servitude used by Europeans: Indentured servitude: Required to work for a master for
The carbon isotopic composition of individual plant leaf waxes (a proxy for C3 vs. C4 vegetation) in a marine sediment core collected from beneath the plume of Sahara-derived dust in northwest Africa reveals three periods during the past 192,000 years when the central Sahara/Sahel contained C3 plants (likely trees), indicating substantially wetter conditions than at present. Our data suggest that variability in the strength of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is a main control on vegetation distribution in central North Africa, and we note expansions of C3 vegetation during the African Humid Period (early Holocene) and within Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3 (≈50-45 ka) and MIS 5 (≈120-110 ka). The wet periods within MIS 3 and 5 coincide with major human migration events out of sub-Saharan Africa. Our results thus suggest that changes in AMOC influenced North African climate and, at times, contributed to amenable conditions in the central Sahara/Sahel, allowing humans to cross ...
In 1990, Africas forests covered almost 750,000 mn hectares, representing 23 per cent of total land area on the continent. Twenty years later, they covered less than 675,000 mn hectares. Yet, says State of the Worlds Forests 2011, a report of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), there is good news: the loss of the continents forest cover is slowing. Between 1990 and 2000, the UN report notes, 40 mn hectares of forest were destroyed. During the last decade, that number went down to 34 mn hectares.. Two main reasons account for the reduction, the report explains. First are efforts by North African countries to preserve their forests. Net losses in this region dropped to 41,000 hectares per year, from a previously recorded 590,000 hectares per year. Recent efforts by Sudan to gather data about the state of its forest is the second reason. Figures for 2000-2010 proved significantly lower than earlier estimates for the preceding decade. Also, North African countries and Sudan lead the ...
מזרח‎ Mizraḥ, Hebrew for east. In the past the word Mizrahim, corresponding to the Arabic word Mashriqiyyun (Arabic مشريقيون or Easterners), referred to the natives of Iraq and other Asian countries, as distinct from those of North Africa (Maghribiyyun). In medieval and early modern times, the corresponding Hebrew word maarav was used for North Africa. In Talmudic and Geonic times, however, this word maarav referred to the land of Israel, as contrasted with Babylonia. For this reason, many object to the use of Mizrahi to include Moroccan and other North African Jews. The term Mizrahim or Edot Hamizraḥ, Oriental communities, grew in Israel under the circumstances of the meeting of waves of Jewish immigrants from Europe, North Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia, followers of Ashkenazi, Sephardi, and Temani (Yemenite) rites. In modern Israeli usage, it refers to all Jews from Central and West Asian countries, many of them Arabic-speaking Muslim-majority ...
Posted by: Agence Tunis Afrique Presse. Tunisia is the first African and Arab country to lay the groundwork for the adoption of SDMX (Statistical Data and Metadata eXchange), which promotes the exchange of data, the explanation of methodologies adopted, the dissemination and storage of quality information and ensuring the security of statistical institutes data, said Director General of the National Institute of Statistics (INS), Hédi Saidi.. Tunisia began the upgrading of the INS in February 2016 through the reinforcement of its technical resources, skills and infrastructure and technology and has adopted this technique in the foreign trade sector. The process made carried out, in collaboration with Italy and France, in the framework of a twinning programme, he said on the sidelines of a training session on SDMX held from September 10 to 14 in Tunis.. In this regard, 5 INS staff members take part in this training session, in order to improve the methodologies and the quality of information ...
The number of confirmed Covid-19 cases in Africa has reached 4,222,260 as of Thursday afternoon, the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) said.. The Africa CDC, the specialised healthcare agency of the African Union, said the death toll from the pandemic stood at 112,820, while 3,771,866 patients across the continent have recovered from the disease, the Xinhua news agency reported.. The African continent accounts for 3.3 per cent of total Covid-19 cases reported globally. And Covid-19 related deaths in the African continent account for about 4 percent of all Covid-19 related deaths recorded globally, the Africa CDC disclosed.. South Africa, Morocco, Tunisia, Ethiopia and Egypt are among the African countries with the most cases in the continent, with the five countries accounting for about 65 percent of all cases reported in Africa, according to the Africa CDC.. Southern Africa is the most affected region in terms of confirmed cases, followed by the northern Africa and ...
The Sahara desert is one of the harshest, most inhospitable places on the planet, covering much of North Africa in some 3.6 million square miles of rock and windswept dunes. But it wasnt always so desolate and parched. Primitive rock paintings and fossils excavated from the region suggest that the Sahara was once a relatively verdant oasis, where human settlements and a diversity of plants and animals thrived. Now researchers at MIT have analyzed dust deposited off the coast of west Africa over the the last 240,000 years, and found that the Sahara, and North Africa in general, has swung between wet and dry climates every 20,000 years. They say that this climatic pendulum is mainly driven by changes to the Earths axis as the planet orbits the sun, which in turn affect the distribution of sunlight between seasons - every 20,000 years, the Earth swings from more sunlight in summer to less, and back again.. For North Africa, it is likely that, when the Earth is tilted to receive maximum summer ...
Animal herding, which has been a way of life in northeastern Africa for about 8,000 years, had spread to southern Africa by 2,000 years ago. Whether this pastoral lifestyle was brought south by immigrants or adopted by hunter-gatherers who were already living in the region has long been an open question. In an attempt to find an answer, a multinational team of scientists studied 41 genomes from people who lived in Africa between 4,000 and 300 years ago. The results revealed that pastoralists who migrated from northeastern Africa into eastern Africa around 5,000 years ago had ancient roots in southwestern Asia, northern Africa, or both. At first, they interbred with local foragers, but about 3,300 years ago, once the herding lifestyle had become established, this interbreeding ceased. According to lead researcher Mary Prendergast of Saint Louis University in Madrid, why pastoralists and foragers stopped interbreeding remains unknown. ...
Applying race to a people with ancient roots makes nearly no sense. This is not a social dilemma, it is a scientific and historical one. People identified as tribes, not in skin color. Race is a modern concept that was birthed for the mere purpose of division and an outlet for domination by instilling a sense of innate superiority. It has no place in categorizing indigenous peoples.. Those saying Black North African Imazighen dont exist are not saying dark-skinned North African Imazighen dont exist. The definition of Black being used is to mean Subsaharan descent. From here, it is easy to conclude that one who is native to Subsaharan Africa cannot also be native to the very Northern regions of North Africa. They were a nomadic people, but separate tribes nonetheless. Black North African Imazighen are referred to as Haratin, a people who were the product of enslavement. This mixed lineage is a result of interaction. There is a difference between being tan to the point of passing as a ...
Haplogroup E3b1-M78 is the second most prevailing one (23%) in the studied sample with E3b1-M78 chromosomes accounting for almost all E representatives (98%) except a single E3b2-M81 and two E3b3-M123 chromosomes (fig. 2). E3b1-M78 is the most common haplogroup E lineage in Europe (Cruciani et al. 2004; Semino et al. 2004). The spatial pattern shown in figure 4(C) depicts a nonuniform E3b1 geographic distribution with a frequency peak centered in south Europe and SEE (13%-16% in southern Italians and 17%-27% in the Balkans). Declining frequencies are evident toward western (10% in northern and central Italians), central, and eastern Europe (from 4% to 10% in Polish, Russians, mainland Croatians, Ukrainians, Hungarians, Herzegovinians, and Bosnians). Noteworthy is a low E3b1 frequency (5%) in Turkey. Apart from its presence in Europe and the Middle East, E3b1 is also found in eastern and northern Africa. Cruciani et al. (2004) estimated that E3b-M78 might have originated in eastern Africa about ...
The Sorraia is a rare breed of horse indigenous to the portion of the Iberian peninsula, in the Sorraia River basin, in Portugal. The Sorraia is known for its primitive features, including a convex profile and dun coloring with primitive markings. Concerning its origins, a theory has been advanced by some authors that the Sorraia is a descendant of primitive horses belonging to the naturally occurring wild fauna of Southern Iberia. Studies are currently ongoing to discover the relationship between the Sorraia and various wild horse types, as well as its relationship with other breeds from the Iberian Peninsula and Northern Africa. Members of the breed are small, but hardy and well-adapted to harsh conditions. They were occasionally captured and used by native farmers for centuries, and a remnant population of these nearly extinct horses was discovered by a Portuguese zoologist in the early 20th century. Today, the Sorraia has become the focus of preservation efforts, with European scientists ...
Clara Sherwood is an alumna of the 2020 CLS Arabic virtual institute hosted by Arab American Lanugage Institute in Meknes, Morocco. Shes a junior at Washington & Jefferson College majoring in Spanish, international relations, and a thematic major titled Music & Conflict Resolution.. Getting to Know Clara. I grew up in a small town in Western Pennsylvania where I was an avid lacrosse player, life-long member of the swim team, and the vocalist for my high schools jazz band. When I had free time, I enjoyed sailing and learning languages (Spanish and Arabic). Learning languages has helped me to understand the complexities of international politics and different cultures and has helped shape me into a young scholar-activist.. Why Arabic?. I was drawn to learn Arabic because of my interest in the Middle East and Northern Africa, its relevance to American foreign policy, and because it is a beautiful language, both visually and orally. Additionally, I want to help solve refugee and immigration issues ...
The people of Africas vast savanna are united by their strong identity with the sprawling plains that surround them. Originally, these pastoral groups came to the savanna looking for food, scavenging after leftover game killed by large predators. Today, these original hunter-gatherers exist in the form of the Dorobo tribes of the eastern Serengeti, who survive by hunting small game and collecting honey and wild fruits and vegetables. Long ago, the Dorobo were joined by herdsmen and pastoralists from northern Africa. Among these, the Maasai have held the most tenaciously to their wanderlust. These tall, dark skinned herdsmen in striking red cloaks and beadwork have come to symbolize the face of Africas savanna people to the outside world. The Maasai share the plains with the Kikuyu, traditionally a nation of farmers, who now form the backbone of Kenyan society ...
HIV epidemics in people who inject drugs have been on the rise in recent years, including cases in Indiana, USA and Glasgow, UK, raising the question of which measures should be prioritised by authorities - particularly in regions with limited resources, such as the recently affected areas of the Middle East, northern Africa and southeastern Asia.. The research is published in the journal AIDS.. Lead author Tetyana Vasylyeva, a doctoral candidate in the Department of Zoology at Oxford University, said: The HIV epidemic among drug users in Russia and Ukraine following the collapse of the Soviet Union is the biggest of its kind ever recorded. From around only 50 cases per year by 1993, the epidemic grew to several thousand cases in 1994. By the end of the decade, over 1 million people were infected across the two countries - the majority of them drug users.. There was very little in the way of a preventive effort in this epidemic, which makes it a good model to study.. The researchers analysed ...
Colubrine snakes are distributed worldwide, with the highest diversity in North America, Asia, northern Africa, and the Middle East. There are relatively few species of colubrine snakes in Europe, South America, Australia, and southern Africa, and none in Madagascar, the Caribbean, or the Pacific Islands.[2][3][4]. Colubrine snakes are extremely morphologically and ecologically diverse. Many are terrestrial, and there are specialized fossorial (e.g. Tantilla) and arboreal (e.g. Oxybelis) groups, but no truly aquatic groups. Some of the most powerful constrictors (e.g. Pantherophis, Pituophis, Lampropeltis) are members of this group, as are a few snakes that have strong enough venom to kill humans (i.e. boomslangs [Dispholidus] and twigsnakes [Thelotornis]).[5][6]. Within Colubrinae, genera and species seem to make up five distinct radiations[7] that are to varying degrees broadly similar in terms of ecology and geographic distribution, although increased sampling is needed to determine whether ...
Genomic evidence for shared common ancestry of East African hunting-gathering populations and insights into local adaptation (Scheinfeldt, 2019) Abstract: Anatomically modern humans arose in Africa ∼300,000 years ago, but the demographic and adaptive histories of African populations are not well-characterized. Here, we have generated a genome-wide dataset from 840 Africans, residing in western, eastern, southern, and northern Africa, belonging to 50 ethnicities, and speaking languages
Sixth cholera pandemic Drawing of Death bringing the cholera, in Le Petit Journal The sixth cholera pandemic was a major outbreak of cholera from the years 1899 to 1923. It killed more than 800,000 in India then erupted in the Middle East, northern Africa, Russia and Eastern Europe. The last outbreak in the United States was in 1910-1911 when the steamship Moltke brought infected people to New York City. Vigilant health authorities isolated the infected on Swinburne Island. Eleven people died, including a health care worker at Swinburne Island. Wave nature Flu pandemics typically come in waves. The 1889-1890 and 1918-1919 flu pandemics each came in three or four waves of increasing lethality. But within a wave, mortality was greater at the beginning of the wave. Variable mortality Mortality varies widely in a pandemic. S. Army camps where reasonably reliable statistics were kept, case mortality often exceeded 5 percent, and in some circumstances exceeded 10 percent. 9 percent. In isolated human ...
Duration: 100 hours. The Need for Conservation is Not New. Conserving the natural resources of the planet earth has been desirable since ancient times. However, throughout history the basic principles of the use of natural resources have been ignored, sometimes with disastrous results. For example: major losses such as the silting of rivers and estuaries, and the flooding of lowlands, have been caused by the destruction of forests and grasslands protecting watersheds. This is apparent mostly in Northern China and in Asia near the rivers Tigris and Euphrates. Large areas of Northern Africa and the Middle East have been rendered barren by many centuries of uncontrolled livestock grazing. Lands have been left barren by unwise cultivation and the excessive use of woody plants for fuel that have been cut down and not replanted.. In more recently developed areas of the world, similar damage to the environment has, or is occurring. This is sometimes due to the unwise introduction of species into new ...
Western Saharan nationalist and human rights advocate, is the most prominent figure in the ongoing nonviolent resistance movement in Western Sahara in support of human rights and in opposition to Moroccan occupation of the country. Widely known as the Sahrawi Gandhi, as of the early twenty-first century Haidar serves as president of the Collective of Sahrawi Human Rights Defenders (CODESA). Born in 1966, she currently lives in El Aaiún in occupied Western Sahara and received her baccalaureate degree in modern literature. She is divorced and the mother of two adult sons.. The kingdom of Morocco, which claims Western Sahara as an integral part of its territory, has occupied most of the former Spanish colony since 1975. The Polisario Front, the nationalist movement which had initially battled Spanish colonialist forces, waged a guerilla war against the Moroccan occupation until a cease-fire agreement in 1991 A series of United ... ...
The Summit provided the unique opportunity in bringing together the United Nations and the financial sector from the Middle East and Northern Africa, in order to discuss the positive contributions of the banking system to the international efforts to implement resolution 1540 (2004).. In addressing the Summit, Ms. Angela Kane, High Representative for Disarmament Affairs, conveyed a message from the UN Secretary-General to the Summits participants. The Secretary-General welcomed the Summits focus on weapons of mass destruction, one of the gravest security challenges facing the international community. He stressed that international cooperation in upholding the provisions of resolution 1540 is essential and that the United Nations was mobilizing all stakeholders to join efforts aimed at preventing WMD proliferation and terrorism and would continue to reach out to financial institutions and companies as indispensable partners.. The Summits session on resolution 1540 (2004) was convened by the ...
Read up on the dry body brushing ritual. EXFOLIATION: A process by which the top layer of dead skin cells is sloughed off the face or body whether by dry-brushing, scrubs, or other exfoliation techniques.. FANGO MUD: A high mineralized mud used in wraps, or facials to eliminate toxins and increase blood circulation.. FOUR-HANDED OR SYNCHRONIZED MASSAGE also known as BALINESE MASSAGE: A massage administered by two therapists working in synchronized movements along the body.. FIGIDARIUM: A cold bathing room where bathers plunge into a cold pool of water to refresh and close pores after visiting the warmer Caladerium. The term dates back to Ancient Rome.. HAMMAM: A traditional Turkish or Middle-Eastern communal bathing house with various rooms at different temperatures. Unless youre in Turkey, northern Africa or the Middle East, the term hammam is usually used to refer to ceramic-tiled steam rooms.. HERBAL WRAP: A treatment in which moisture, heat and herbal essences penetrate the skin while the ...
Operations on the Northern front, East Africa, 1940 in the Second World War, were conducted by the British in Sudan and the ... ISBN 978-0-19-280670-3. Del Boca, Angelo (1986). Italiani in Africa Orientale: La caduta dell'Impero [Italians in East Africa: ... On 9 May 1936, the Italian dictator, Benito Mussolini, proclaimed Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana (AOI Italian ... part of Africa Settentrionale Italiana (ASI) and those in the AOI a menace to the British and French colonies in East Africa. ...
Government Gazette of South Africa. Vol. 647, no. 42460. Pretoria, South Africa: Government of South Africa. 15 May 2019. pp. 5 ... Government Gazette of South Africa. Vol. 587, no. 37641. Pretoria, South Africa: Government of South Africa. 14 May 2014. pp. 4 ... Government Gazette of South Africa. Vol. 466, no. 2677. Pretoria, South Africa: Government of South Africa. 20 April 2004. pp. ... Government Gazette of South Africa. Vol. 526, no. 32184. Pretoria, South Africa: Government of South Africa. 28 April 2009. pp ...
The Northern Rhodesian African Mineworkers' Union (A.M.U.) was a trade union in Northern Rhodesia which represented black ... In 1947 and 1948 unions were formed at all four major copper mines in Northern Rhodesia, and these merged to form the African ... The AMU was active at the same time as the Northern Rhodesian African National Congress was agitating politically for improved ... In 1945 the new British Labour government decided to encourage the establishment of African trade unions in the British African ...
This is a List of political parties in Northern Africa by country, linking to the country list of parties and the political ...
v t e (Use dmy dates from April 2022, 2014 elections in South Africa, All stub articles, African election stubs, South African ... The 2014 Northern Cape provincial election was held on 7 May 2014 to elect all 30 members of the Northern Cape Provincial ... As with all South African provincial elections, it was held concurrent with the 2014 South African general election. The ruling ... Engel, Ulf (1 August 2014). "South Africa: The 2014 National and Provincial Elections". Africa Spectrum. pp. 79-89. doi:10.1177 ...
"Most Baha'i Nations (2010)". International > Regions > Northern Africa. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2010. ... Sub-Saharan Africans, mainly Catholics from former French colonies, have migrated to Morocco in recent years. Conversions of ... A popular Christian program by Brother Rachid has led many former Muslims in North Africa and the Middle East to convert to ... "Africa :: Morocco - The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". Cia.gov. Retrieved 3 January 2019. "Arab Barometer V ...
In doing so, UFR leader Timane Erdimi was allegedly using middlemen in the Central African Republic. In March 2022, further ... From their rear bases in southern Libya, FACT and CCMSR have launched offensives and raids into Northern Chad seeking to ... In late August, CCMSR declared that it had killed ten soldiers in Wouri district, northern Tibesti Region. Chadian government ... Asala, Kizzi (10 May 2021). "Chad: Army says operation against rebels is "over"". Africa News. Retrieved 11 May 2021. "The war ...
Partridge Africa. pp. 128-129. ISBN 978-1-4828-6124-2. Northern Rhodesian Commission Appointed to Inquire into the Disturbances ... The Northern Rhodesia Regiment (NRR) was founded in 1933 when the military arm of the Northern Rhodesia Police were split off ... In 1935, the Northern Rhodesia Regiment were called up to support the Northern Rhodesia Police during the Copperbelt strike of ... The Northern Rhodesia Regiment (NRR) was a multi-battalion British colonial regiment raised from the protectorate of Northern ...
"Indigenous cookery of South Africa - Linksfontein Safari Lodge , Northern Cape , South Africa". Retrieved 25 May 2020. "South ... When South Africa's mines were developed and black South Africans began to urbanise, women moved to the city also, and began to ... South African Indian cuisine has contributed to South African cooking with a wide variety of dishes and culinary practices, ... South Africa portal Food portal Amarula List of African cuisines Malay cuisine Indian cuisine List of restaurants in South ...
"Most Bahá'í Countries". International > Regions > Northern Africa. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2010. Retrieved ...
... showme.co.za/south-africa/northern-cape/green-kalahari/#introanchor. Retrieved 12 January 2018. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty ... Khomani San of the Southern Kalahari in the political economy of Southern Africa, African Identities, 14:4, 370-383, DOI: ... in the Dawid Kruiper Local Municipality in the ZF Mgcawu District Municipality in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. ... The first Festival happened in March 2013 and is now an annual event at the Northern Cape festivals calendar. Local guides from ...
Burnham oversaw and led the Northern Territories British South Africa Exploration Company expedition that first established ... Exploration of Africa, European colonisation in Africa, History of Africa). ... Africa is named for the Afri people who settled in the area of current-day Tunisia. The Roman province of Africa spanned the ... Northwest Africa (the Maghreb) was known as either Libya or Africa, while Egypt was considered part of Asia. European ...
"Morocco". International > Regions > Northern Africa. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2010. Retrieved 2013-10-22. " ... eds.). Africana: The Encyclopedia of the African and African American Experience (Second ed.). Oxford African American Studies ... The regional National Assembly of Northern Africa included Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco and Spanish Sahara. In July ... "Most Baha'i Nations (2010)". International > Regions > Northern Africa. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2010. ...
"Morocco". International > Regions > Northern Africa. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2005. Retrieved 4 July 2009. " ... Irreligion in Africa Buddhism in Africa Christianity in Africa Hinduism in Africa Islam in Africa History of the Jews in Africa ... ISBN 0-85398-404-2. "Most Baha'i Nations (2005)". International > Regions > Northern Africa. The Association of Religion Data ... "Most Baháʼí Countries". International > Regions > Northern Africa. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2010. Retrieved ...
... which stretches across much of North Africa and some parts of West Africa), Kikongo (that stretches across northern Angola, ... and South Africa Tsonga in South Africa Venda in South Africa Xhosa in South Africa Zulu in South Africa The colonial borders ... West Africa), Lingala (Congo), Swahili (Southeast Africa), Somali (Horn of Africa) and Arabic (North Africa and Horn of Africa ... Africa portal Language portal Languages of the African Union Writing systems of Africa Journal of West African Languages List ...
ISBN 978-0-85112-235-9. "Northern Africa." Foodspring.com. Accessed June 2011. Mourad, Mazouz. "The Momo Cookbook." Archived 19 ... East African cuisine: East Africa is the eastern region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics ... Eastern central Africa is also one of the few regions in Africa that uses potatoes as one of its main bases, since potatoes ... Central Africa has also been influenced by the cuisine of the regions East, West and Southern Africa because of their close ...
ISBN 978-0-521-85649-2. "Most Baha'i Nations (2005)". International > Regions > Northern Africa. The Association of Religion ... p. 2. (CS1: long volume value, Religion in Algeria, Bahá'í Faith by country, Bahá'í Faith in Africa, Bahá'í Faith in the Arab ... At Ridván 1956 three new Regional Spiritual Assemblies were established including North-West Africa which included Algeria. ... Hassall, Graham (1999). "Baha'i country notes: Africa". Asian/Pacific Collection. Asia Pacific Baháʼí Studies. Retrieved 2013- ...
The Evolution and Development of an Independent South African Navy" (PDF). Northern Mariner. 24 (3 & 4): 93. "South Africa ... The South African Naval Ensign is a naval ensign used by ships of the South African Navy. A variant of the White Ensign, it ... Meanwhile, the South African national flag was flown as a jack. In 1946, following the Second World War, South Africa began to ... At the formation of the South African Naval Service in 1922, South Africa used the British White Ensign as its naval ensign, ...
"Most Baháʼí Countries". International > Regions > Northern Africa. The Association of Religion Data Archives. 2010. Retrieved ... In 1969 the regional national assembly of North Africa was dissolved when Tunisia was placed under emergency rule. The National ... Anthony Asa Lee (2007). The Establishment of the Baha'i Faith in West Africa: The First Decade, 1952-1962. ProQuest. p. 116. ... The assembly was established covering about 600 Baháʼís and 38 local assemblies across northwestern Africa. The seat of the ...
Tancott, Glen (30 June 2014). "Northern corridor". Transport World Africa. Johannesburg. Archived from the original on 13 ... is a landlocked country in the Great Rift Valley of Central Africa, where the African Great Lakes region and Southeast Africa ... The country is a member of the African Union, the United Nations, the Commonwealth of Nations, COMESA, OIF and the East African ... Lavelle, John (5 July 2008). "Resurrecting the East African Shilling". East African Business Week. Kampala. Archived from the ...
Northern Cape cricketers, Cricketers from Kimberley, Northern Cape, All stub articles, South African cricket biography, 1980s ... "Northern Cape name squad for Provincial T20". Cricket South Africa. Retrieved 10 September 2019. "Division Two squads named for ... He was included in the Griqualand West cricket team for the 2015 Africa T20 Cup. In September 2018, he was named in Northern ... In April 2021, he was named in Northern Cape's squad, ahead of the 2021-22 cricket season in South Africa. "Aubrey Swanepoel". ...
Williston is a town in Northern Cape, South Africa. Town 103 km north-east of Calvinia and 140 km south-west of Carnarvon. ... "History of Williston - The Karoo, South Africa". The Karoo, South Africa. Retrieved 2018-02-11. "History of Williston". www. ... "Williston, Northern Cape". karoospace.co.za. 5 June 2013. Retrieved 12 January 2018. "The Williston Winter Festival 2017". ... kim (2016-09-21). "Amandelboom". South African History Online. Retrieved 2018-02-11. "Tracking the Karoo pioneers , IOL Travel ...
Northern Cape) all made their T20 debuts. Northern Cape won the toss and elected to field. Grant Mokoena (Northern Cape) and ... Cricket South Africa. Retrieved 24 September 2018.[permanent dead link] "CSA plans to boot out African teams from Africa T20 ... "Dadswell stars but Northern Cape control Pool D". Cricket South Africa. Archived from the original on 15 September 2018. ... The 2018 Africa T20 Cup was the fourth and final edition of the Africa T20 Cup, a Twenty20 cricket tournament. It was held in ...
Trav (2021-05-09). "List of the 55 different KZN number plates". Northern Natal News. Retrieved 2022-07-20. "Home , Plates SA ... Vehicle Registration Plates of South Africa "ZA - South Africa - Where's That Vehicle Come From?". www.authorandbookinfo.com. ... Under apartheid South Africa, each of the homelands had its own department of vehicle licensing. YBA - Molopo, including ... Before 1994, South Africa had only four provinces: Cape Province, Natal Province, Orange Free State and Transvaal. Each ...
African Development Bank & OECD 2006, p. 439. Tancott, Glen (30 June 2014). "Northern corridor". Transport World Africa. ... "CMU Africa". Carnegie Mellon University Africa. Retrieved 21 May 2020. MINEDUC 2018, p. 112. Lemarchand & Tash 2015, p. 162. " ... "Orange African Nations Championship, Rwanda 2016: Venues". Confederation of African Football. Archived from the original on 24 ... ISBN 978-0-313-33177-0. African Development Bank; OECD (2006). African Economic Outlook (5th ed.). OECD Publishing. ISBN 978-92 ...
"IN NORTHERN AFRICA". Retrieved 4 November 2014. "Standard Gauge: Work begins on Ebute Meta ultra-modern railway station - NRC ... The first application of these couplers in what is now South Africa was in 1904 by the ultra-progressive Central South African ... South African Transport Services, 1983. Chapter 13. Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944). The Locomotive in South Africa - A ... South African Railways and Harbours Magazine, June 1943. pp. 437-440. Espitalier, T.J.; Day, W.A.J. (1944). The Locomotive in ...
Honours in this group went to South Africa, who started off against Northern Ireland. The Northern Irish had reached 89/5 from ... South Africa Australia New Zealand Sri Lanka Zimbabwe Barbados Pakistan Antigua and Barbuda India Jamaica Kenya Northern ... "Northern Ireland Squad". Cricinfo. "South Africa Squad". Cricinfo. "Kenya Squad". Cricinfo. "New Zealand Squad". Cricinfo. " ... South Africa then bowled out Bangladesh for 79 and made 80/5 for a five-wicket victory. In South Africa's final match, Barbados ...
The nine provinces of South Africa are divided into 52 districts (sing. district, Tswana: kgaolo; Sotho: setereke; Northern ... Municipalities of South Africa List of municipalities in South Africa Government of South Africa "Towards Co-Operative ... Districts of South Africa, Subdivisions of South Africa, Lists of subdivisions of South Africa, Administrative divisions in ... Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, Chapter 7: Local Government Parliament of the Republic of South Africa (1998) ...
... he was named in Northern Cape's squad for the 2018 Africa T20 Cup. He was the leading wicket-taker for Northern Cape in the ... Northern Cape cricketers, Cricketers from Kimberley, Northern Cape, All stub articles, South African cricket biography, 1990s ... "Northern Cape name squad for Provincial T20". Cricket South Africa. Retrieved 10 September 2019. "Division Two squads named for ... In April 2021, he was named in Northern Cape's squad, ahead of the 2021-22 cricket season in South Africa. "Kagiso Mohale". ...
It is found in southern Europe; in the Middle East; in northern Africa; and in Central Asia. The wingspan is about 22 mm. in ... Moths of Africa, Moths of Asia, All stub articles, Crambini stubs). ...
... two months earlier-to Erwin Rommel's German forces in Northern Africa, as it took place one month after the commencement of the ...
These prams were exported to Canada, South America, India and South Africa. The Princes Street drill hall was completed in 1908 ... The Scottish antiquary, or, Northern notes & queries. Edinburgh: T. and A. Constable. 1895. Retrieved 7 April 2017. "Beginners ... "King's Park, Stirling, Stirlingshire " The Northern Antiquarian". Megalithix.wordpress.com. 25 November 2008. Archived from the ... North Africa, Borneo and Singapore". www.theargylls.co.uk. Retrieved 24 July 2020. "PRINCESS ELIZABETH AT STIRLING - (Receives ...
Angalifu, 44, Sudanese-born American rhinoceros, one of two remaining male northern white rhinoceros. Fatima bint Rashid Al ... Lulu Dikana, 35, South African recording artist and vocalist, oesophageal perforation. Hubert Egger, 87, German cross country ... Nejat Konuk, 86, Cypriot politician, Prime Minister of Northern Cyprus (1976-1978, 1983-1985). Norbert Leser, 81, Austrian ... former congressman from Northern Virginia, dies at 88 Lee Israel, a Writer Proudest of Her Literary Forgeries, Dies at 75 ...
African-American baseball players, African-American coaches of American football, African-American lawyers, 20th-century ... In the summer of 1905, Matthews joined the Burlington, Vermont baseball team of the Northern League, making him the only ... political party put an African-American in charge of efforts to organize the African-American vote. Matthews criticized Lewis ... His joining the team caused some controversy, as one of a few African-American baseball players in American colleges at this ...
One of the Alids, Idris ibn Abdallah, flees to the Maghreb in western North Africa, where he later founds the Idrisid dynasty ... Wales, Katie (2006). Northern English: A Social and Cultural History. Cambridge UP. p. 53. ISBN 9781139457057. "Introduction to ... Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne begins a campaign in northern Saxony. He ravages Eastphalian territory as far as the Elbe River, ... Meanwhile Widukind builds up rebel strength in northern Saxony. The city of Osnabrück, developed as a marketplace, is founded ...
In Eastern Africa and islands in the Indian Ocean, shark meat has been traded and has been a significant source of protein for ... Pickled dogfish is popular food in Germany, France, and other northern European countries. The meat is typically processed and ... Shark meat is consumed regularly in Iceland, Japan, Australia, parts of India, parts of Canada, Sri Lanka, areas of Africa, ... this demand is increasingly being filled by gummy sharks sourced from South Africa. Flake can be purchased as a ready-made meal ...
In some Northern cities there were more than a handful of escaped slaves. The status of these free blacks was anything but ... The original "remedy" for this problem was to help them go "back to Africa". The British had been doing this, in Sierra Leone, ... The problem had been solved, and in an honorable way; the former slaves would fare better in Africa, it was argued, among other ... Smith was for temperance, and according to him, the fact that blacks in Africa were allowed to import liquor from the United ...
The northern (Malabar region) and middle parts of Kerala, especially Malappuram and Thrissur, are famous for football-crazy. ... Sevens tournaments are known for recruiting foreign players from Africa, mainly from Ghana, Ivory Coast, and Nigeria. Despite ...
20th-century African-American people, 20th-century American criminals, 21st-century African-American people, 21st-century ... DNA was matched to the murders of nine women in a three-mile area of northern Milwaukee, spanning from 1986 to 2007. Shortly ... American criminals, African-American people, American male criminals, American people convicted of assault, American people ...
Cited by All Africa On Friday 25 July 2014 , the Nigerian Army reportedly fatally shot 35 followers of Ibrahim Zakzaky, ... Michael Olufemi Sodipo (2013). "Mitigating Radicalism in Northern Nigeria" (PDF). p. 3. Archived (PDF) from the original on 19 ... "Nigeria is Violating Constitution on the El-Zakzaky and Dasuki Cases , Abdullah Tijani". African Liberty. 22 July 2019. ... Africa's most prominent Shi'a Muslim movement. Of Nigeria's 180 million population, around 50 percent are Muslim, a small ...
Attorney for the Northern District of Ohio (2016-2017) Kevin W. Techau, U.S. Attorney for the Northern District of Iowa (2014- ... Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs (2013-2017), Director General of the Foreign Service (2012-2013), U.S. ... Attorney for the Northern District of Georgia (2010-2015) Brett McGurk, Special Presidential Envoy for the Global Coalition to ...
The northern pathway contains a steel-and-bronze sculpture, El Arbol de Esperanza (Tree of Hope), by L. Brower Hatcher. The 18- ... According to Moses biographer Robert Caro, close associates of Moses had claimed they could keep African Americans from using ... The northern wing was designed with locker and restroom facilities for women, while the southern wing was designed with ... The next month, La Guardia presided over the opening of the northern playground, which contained athletic fields, a wading pool ...
Civil Rights Tobacco companies have marketed menthol cigarettes specific to African Americans; groups have pursued civil rights ... the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Guam, which were previously not covered by the law. However, although the ... African American Upward Mobility and the Semiotics of Smoking Menthols". Public Culture. 15 (2): 295-322. doi:10.1215/08992363- ...
The northern portion, known as Cappadocia Pontus, became Pontus, while the centre and south was known as Greater Cappadocia, ... In the Second Punic War, Rome had suffered in Spain, Africa, and Italy because of the impressive strategies of Hannibal, the ... At times the northern section constituted Paphlagonia. It was strategically situated on the overland route between Syria and ... In 68 BC Lucullus made some advances into northern Armenia but was hampered by the weather and wintered in the south. His ...
In 2011, Northern Rhodesian-born John Edmond released "Kum-A-Kye" as part of his All Time Rhodesian Evergreens album. The ... In preparation for King George VI's royal tour of Southern Africa in 1947, "Kum-A-Kye" was formally adopted as the regimental ... Gibbs, Peter (2000). The history of the British South Africa Police, 1889-1980 (2 ed.). Something of Value. p. 244. ISBN ... Band of the British South Africa Police (1955). Kum-A-Kye (LP) (LP). Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland: Brigadiers ...
A tropical wave exited the west coast of Africa on August 15 and rapidly moved westward at 17 mph (28 km/h) along the ... The rains broke an eight-month drought that was affecting inland areas of northern Mexico that was affecting the area's corn ... The National Hurricane Center issued a hurricane watch for coastal sections of south Texas and northern Mexico on August 30. ... Moving towards the west-northwest, the cyclone clipped the northern portion of the Yucatán Peninsula before entering the Gulf ...
Buffalo Thorn (Southern Africa) Ziziphus napeca Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. (Thar Desert of South Asia) Ziziphus ... Northern Australia) Ziziphus robertsoniana Ziziphus rugosa Ziziphus saeri Pittier Ziziphus sativa Gaertn Ziziphus spina-christi ... Dry zones of tropical Africa) Ziziphus angolito Standl. Ziziphus apetala Hook.f. ex M.A.Lawson Ziziphus attopensis Pierre ... which is found from western Africa to India. Ziziphus joazeiro grows in the Caatinga of Brazil. Ziziphus celata is listed as an ...
... award-winning African American woman poet H. Allen Brooks (1925-2010), American architectural historian H. H. Brooks, co- ... Northern Irish Roman Catholic bishop Francis K. Brooks (born 1943), American educator and politician Frank Brooks ( ... African American fatally shot by police in Atlanta Rebekah Brooks, British journalist Reggie Brooks (born 1971), American ...
The Marines will often be permanently deployed in two new Littoral Response Groups, with one in Northern Europe and the other ... Two of the four Ranger Regiment battalions will be deployed to Africa, the third will focus on Eastern Europe and the fourth ...
US-421 turns east from US-401 near the northern end of town and leads southeast 14 miles (23 km) to Dunn. According to the ... African American, 0.79% Native American, 0.45% Asian, and 2.26% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were ... The Cape Fear River crosses the northern part of the town. Poorhouse Creek, a tributary to the Cape Fear River, begins on the ...
Old World parrots are found from Africa east across south and southeast Asia and Oceania to Australia and New Zealand. Order: ... White-faced storm-petrel Grey-backed storm-petrel Order: Procellariiformes Family: Hydrobatidae Northern storm-petrels are ... Africa, and the Australian region. They are smallish birds with tails that are usually long and pointed, and tend to be drab ... Numididae The guineafowl are a family of birds native to Africa. They typically eat insects and seeds, are ground-nesting, and ...
Stellenbosch: African Sun Media. ISBN 978-1991201164. Reade, Julian (2011). "The Evolution of Assyrian Imperial Architecture: ... Royal encouragement of trade led to Assur quickly establishing itself as a prominent trading city in northern Mesopotamia and ... After Shamshi-Adad's death, the political situation in northern Mesopotamia was highly volatile, with Assur at times coming ... A wider Assyrian identity appears to have spread across northern Mesopotamia under the Middle Assyrian Empire, since later ...
The West Olive ZIP code 49460 serves northern and west portion of Olive Township as well as most of Port Sheldon Township and ... African American, 0.60% Native American, 1.40% Asian, 7.30% from other races, and 1.80% from two or more races. Hispanic or ... The Pigeon River flows through the northern part of the township. The Ottawa County Fillmore complex is located in Olive ...
... the South African War Memorial in Brisbane unveiled in 1919. Although the term "digger" came into popular use only after World ... Warwick Street side of the park and the Second World War Memorial is located toward the northern, rear of the park centrally ... This spirit was brought home to me immediately after the South African War when ...I toured the battlefields of Natal. I came ...
The majority-controlled society denied African Americans access to respectable jobs and many commercial services, and African ... This pass-through was supported on its extreme northern corner by a single brick pillar. In the 1940s, the porte-cochere was ... The African American population in Lynchburg was on the decline by the late 19th century, largely due to the reduction of ... By 1872, African American men in Lynchburg formed a local chapter of the Order of True Reformers, a fraternal organization. In ...
... on the Northern Central Railroad line. After surviving without much bloodshed, on Thursday, 18 April 1861, the transferral of ... were African-American residents spread throughout the neighborhoods, rather than the later 19th Century pattern of only certain ... United States along the northern shoreline of the Northwest Branch of the Patapsco River, which is the Baltimore Harbor, and ... Artillery Corps troops marching through the city south on Howard Street from the Northern Central line's Bolton Station, then ...
British South Africa Company Northern Rhodesia Zambia Malawi World Statesmen website: Zambia accessed 25 March 2007. The ... He encouraged African education and employed them in administration, he instigated indirect rule through local chiefs, and he ... Codrington was, after Cecil Rhodes, one of the chief architects of British rule in central Africa. Although portrayed by some ... He laid the foundation for the amalgamation of the two territories as Northern Rhodesia four years later. His administration ...
Northern Communications, Ontario a Northern Ontario Company, comprising cable, TV (CBC and CTV) and radio stations - French and ... Other international projects include China News Cloud, Africa News Cloud, Brazil News Cloud, India News Cloud and Russia News ... He co-founded one of the longest private microwave companies in Canada that ran from Windsor to Toronto to mid-Northern Ontario ... Africa News Cloud, Brazil News Cloud, India News Cloud, Russia News Cloud, Fashion News Cloud, and Animation News. Grafstein is ...
... is a karst cave near the settlement of Bab Taza in Chefchaouen Province, Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima, in northern ... and the third deepest cave in Africa. Although Kef Toghobeit has been well-explored, its full extent is not yet known. Only ...
Social history of Africa, History of South Asia, History of Southeast Asia, History of Africa, Torture, Deaths due to elephant ... reported an execution by this means during his stay in Seljuk-ruled northern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq): At Nineveh there was an ... While primarily confined to Asia, the practice was occasionally used by Western and African powers, such as Ancient Rome and ... a Carthaginian army led by Hamilcar Barca was fighting a coalition of mutinous soldiers and rebellious African cities led by ...
Explore Northern Tunisia holidays and discover the best time and places to visit. ... Northern Tunisia. Northern Tunisia may just be the countrys most underappreciated region. Not only does it have some of ... Note the entrance is on the northern side of the fort - you have to walk the long way around if coming from the medina. ...
Table of Contents > Middle East & Northern Africa. Table of Contents. Download. Printer Friendly Version. Order Online. Press ... Table of Contents > Middle East & Northern Africa > Syria. Human Rights Developments. Defending Human Rights. The Role of the ...
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Koingnaas, Northern Cape. Tribute to President Reginald Oliver Tambo by ANC Treasurer General Dr Mathews Phosa on the occassion ... of the OR Tambo Lecture, 27 October 2011, Kimberly, Northern Cape Province ...
Surface albedo darkening from wildfires in northern sub-Saharan Africa. Gatebe, C. K., Ichoku, C. M., Poudyal, R., Surface ... Surface albedo darkening from wildfires in northern sub-Saharan Africa. Oct 18, 2022 ... albedo darkening from wildfires in northern sub-Saharan Africa, Environ. Res. Lett., 9 (6), 065003 (12pp), 10.1088/1748-9326/9/ ...
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Das Nordwestliche Africa. 1 : 6300000 Weiland, Karl Ferdinand Geographisches Instituts Das Nordwestliche Africa enthaltend die ... Africa.. 1 : 6325000 Weiland, C. F. (Carl Ferdinand), d. 1847 Barbarie.. 1 : 17200000 Delamarche, Charles Francois; Lattre, ... North Africa or Barbary : Tunis and part of Tripoli. 1 : 2000000 Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Great Britain) ... North Africa or Barbary : Parts of Tripoli and Egypt. 1 : 2000000 Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Great Britain) ...
For information regarding COVID-19 in South Africa, please visit www.sacoronavirus.co.za ...
Shark conservation training workshops in Northern Africa and the Middle East. Related content * 3 Species ... No pictures for Shark conservation training workshops in Northern Africa and the Middle East ... Africa. South-West Asia. Target country. Comoros, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syrian Arab ...
It can get noticeably busier in some of the northern parks - in particular the Ngorongoro Crater and northern Serengeti, as ... Expert Africas gallery. When we travel we take lots of photos ourselves to give you a real and un-edited view of the safaris. ... The majority of tented camps remain open, but some of the mobile camps in Northern Tanzania will close for the latter half on ... This can be a good time to visit, as some areas of the Northern Circuit are comparatively quieter than during the European ...
Africa - Masterfile - Rights-Managed, Artist: Axiom Photographic, Code: 851-02961282 ...
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South Africa weather forecast, weather conditions and Doppler radar from The Weather Channel and Weather.com ... Weather Today in Sutherland, Northern Cape, South Africa. 13°Feels Like. ...
Northern Africa. Discrimination. Archive. * May 24. * Egypts Christians Outraged By Court Ruling Mary Abdelmassih, Assyrian ...
Finding Peace in Northern Uganda, Southern Sudan, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, Central African Republic. How much time ... Frontline Club bloggers, News, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo, Joseph Kony, LRA, Sudan, Uganda ... But whats the alternative? Ugandas miserable northern war has displaced millions and left thousands of children brutalised ...
... was conducted with actors from the smallholder pig value chain in northern Uganda. Six villages were purposively selected based ... was conducted with actors from the smallholder pig value chain in northern Uganda. Six villages were purposively selected based ... African swine fever (ASF) is endemic in Uganda and considered a major constraint to pig production. In the absence of a vaccine ... African swine fever (ASF) is endemic in Uganda and considered a major constraint to pig production. In the absence of a vaccine ...
Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) Research Network for Children under Difficult Circumstances The establishment of the ... Tags: Middle East and North Africa, regional network Published Oct. 30, 2008 12:56 PM - Last modified July 4, 2013 8:52 PM ...
With 189 member countries, staff from more than 170 countries, and offices in over 130 locations, the World Bank Group is a unique global partnership: five institutions working for sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and build shared prosperity in developing countries. ...
... in northern Africa), Garamantians (in northern Africa), Germanic peoples (broad category), Getians / Dacians (northern ... in northern Africa), Numidians (in northern Africa), Persians / Iranians / Magians on October 8, 2022. by Philip A. Harland. ... in northern Africa), Numidians (in northern Africa), Persians / Iranians / Magians, Plato (Greek), Pythagoras (Greek) on ... Category Archives: Gaitulians / Gaetulians (in northern Africa) Babylonian diasporas: Josephos and others on legends of ...
Northern Africa has received a lot of news recently, and this region remains in a state of change from political, economic and ... 1. Northern African region. The United Nation definition of the northern region of Africa includes seven countries - Algeria, ... Tagsafricaalgeriaegyptlibyamorocconorthern africasudantunisiawestern sahara ... Northern Africa has received a lot of news recently, and this region remains in a state of change from political, economic and ...
In Northern Africa, al-Qaidas affiliate has carried out a series of attacks in recent weeks. The violence has raised concerns ... In Northern Africa, al-Qaidas affiliate has carried out a series of bombings, killings, and other attacks in recent weeks. The ... who will expand out of Algeria into other Northern African states. New York Times reporter Eric Schmitt joins The Takeaway with ... EuropeAlgeriaFranceIraqUnited StatesMauritaniaMiddle EastEuropeAfricaAsiaEric Schmitt. ...
The present study was conducted in northern Iran using Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite data in July 2006 and ILWIS ... The present study was conducted in northern Iran using Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite data in July 2006 and ILWIS ... The present study was conducted in northern Iran using Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite data in July 2006 and ILWIS ... Providing poplar plantation map by Indian remote sensing (IRS) satellite imagery in Northern Iran. Alireza Eslami1* and ...
Given that GWD has been confirmed in its immediate northern neighbouring province of Cunene in Angola, it is important to do a ... WHO, with support from its Regional Office for Africa, trained 17 Ministry of Health field epidemiologists and other partners ... Strengthening surveillance for Guinea worm disease in Northern Namibia 28 February 2019. ... 20th International Conference on AIDS and STIs in AFRICA: 20th ICASA 2019 ...
Register of Charities - The Charity Commission BRITISH INSTITUTE FOR LIBYAN AND NORTHERN AFRICAN STUDIES. ... and customs of Libya and Northern Africa ; to provide facilities to this end by means of travel grants and the like; to ...
... ... northern and central Mozambique, Malawi and Madagascar. In South Africa, the largest maize producer in the region, conditions ... In East Africa, the bimodal areas are now in the dry season and are still facing the negative effects of severe drought during ... In North Africa, thewinter cereal season continues to suffer from drought stress and rainfall has not improved in February in ...
Rift Valley Fever Virus Seroprevalence among Humans, Northern KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, 2018-2019 Janusz T. Pawęska ... Rift Valley Fever Virus Seroprevalence among Humans, Northern KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, 2018-2019. ... South Africa (J.T. Pawęska, J. Weyer); Rand Water, Vereeniging, South Africa (J. Kgaladi); Australian Centre for Disease ... South Africa, 2018-2019*. Healthcare facility. Age, y/sex. Fever. Rash. Headache. Myalgia. Arthralgia. Conjunctivitis. Vomiting ...
The similarity with a δDwax record from northern East Africa suggests a large-scale atmospheric mechanism. We show that ... Rapid termination of the African Humid Period triggered by northern high-latitude cooling. In: Nature Communications. 2017 ; ... Rapid termination of the African Humid Period triggered by northern high-latitude cooling. Nature Communications. 2017;8(1). ... Dive into the research topics of Rapid termination of the African Humid Period triggered by northern high-latitude cooling. ...
Aerosol characterization in Northern Africa, Northeastern Atlantic, Mediterranean Basin and Middle East from direct-sun AERONET ... Large mineral dust is found to be the most important constituent in Northern Africa and Middle East. Under specific ... CitationBasart, S. [et al.]. Aerosol characterization in Northern Africa, Northeastern Atlantic, Mediterranean Basin and Middle ... We proviede an atmospheric aerosol characterization for North Africa, Northeastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Middle East ...
  • Uganda is reported to have the highest pork consumption in East Africa with an estimated annual per capita pork consumption of 3.4 kg ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In East Africa , the bimodal areas are now in the dry season and are still facing the negative effects of severe drought during the previous rainy season. (europa.eu)
  • The similarity with a δD wax record from northern East Africa suggests a large-scale atmospheric mechanism. (vu.nl)
  • Catastrophic drought has thrust tens of millions of people in East Africa into acute food insecurity, raising the specter of famine. (migrationpolicy.org)
  • Given that GWD has been confirmed in its immediate northern neighbouring province of Cunene in Angola, it is important to do a thorough case search along the Angolan border to determine whether GWD exists in Northern Namibia, as part of efforts to strengthen GWD surveillance. (who.int)
  • In Southern Africa , although rainfall in January helped reduce seasonal moisture deficits and improved vegetation conditions in most parts of the region, the impact of drought and heat stress on vegetation conditions is still evident in south-western Angola, north-western Namibia, northern and central Mozambique, Malawi and Madagascar. (europa.eu)
  • Bhisho - Under its former name Bisho, the town was the capital of Ciskei, a territory set aside for black inhabitants of South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) as part of the policy of Apartheid. (triviachamp.com)
  • WHO, with support from its Regional Office for Africa, trained 17 Ministry of Health field epidemiologists and other partners to conduct active case search in Omusati and Ohangwena Regions along the Angolan border from 25 February to 8 March 2019. (who.int)
  • April 14, 2023 - ---A new CDC study published in the Lancet Global Health looked at 10 years of laboratory flu data from 25 African countries in order to provide new, policy-relevant information about when to expect annual flu epidemics. (cdc.gov)
  • This article claimed the burden out-of girls breast cancer regarding the Middle east and Northern Africa (MENA) part, and its particular attributable exposure products between 1990 and you will 2019, by the many years, gender, and you may socio-market list (SDI). (passionfire.com)
  • A second change is the adoption of a new response option for respondents of Middle Eastern or North African (MENA) descent. (cdc.gov)
  • Most respondents were either Black/African American (26), White (25) or MENA (23). (cdc.gov)
  • We proviede an atmospheric aerosol characterization for North Africa, Northeastern Atlantic, Mediterranean and Middle East based on the analysis of quality-assured direct-sun observations of 39 stations of the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) which include at least an annual cycle within the 1994-2007 period. (upc.edu)
  • Large mineral dust is found to be the most important constituent in Northern Africa and Middle East. (upc.edu)
  • The largest ethnic groups in North Africa are Arabs , Berbers are considered the second largest ethnicity in north africa and West Africans are the largest ethnicity in the west and the Arabs are a majority also in the east approaching the Middle East. (cats-africa.com)
  • Fortification of flour with iron in countries of the Eastern Mediterranean, Middle East and North Africa / edited by Anna Verster. (who.int)
  • That's only part of the Middle East and North Africa. (persecution.org)
  • We asked a number of photographers to explore how women are employing their gifts and skills in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. (imb.org)
  • Celine Gossner] Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease, and it's found in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Middle East, and also Southern Europe. (cdc.gov)
  • Poorest Countries In Africa 2021. (cats-africa.com)
  • To assess the extent to which waves 3 and 4 of the COVID-19 pandemic affected routine health services in South Africa, and whether there was any recovery in 2021. (who.int)
  • Influenza type B virus is the predominant influenza virus in East Asia and Northern and Eastern Europe, and is circulating at low levels across Central and West Africa. (cdc.gov)
  • Flu activity due to influenza A (H3N2) viruses continues to be reported in South and Southeast Asia, as well as in some countries of Central and West Africa, and Eastern Europe. (cdc.gov)
  • He blew himself up after refusing surrender to warriors of ISWAP (Islamic State West Africa Province), a rival terrorist group and ISIS affiliate, who were chasing him. (backtojerusalem.com)
  • African swine fever (ASF) is endemic in Uganda and considered a major constraint to pig production. (frontiersin.org)
  • To achieve this, a qualitative interview study involving focus group discussions (FGD) was conducted with actors from the smallholder pig value chain in northern Uganda. (frontiersin.org)
  • Pig production in Africa is frequently associated with outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF) ( 8 ), endemic in Uganda ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • He has covered the war and post war recovery process in Northern Uganda. (deyuafrican.com)
  • Three countries had a primarily southern hemisphere pattern with some northern hemisphere epidemics: Ghana, Kenya, and Uganda. (cdc.gov)
  • In a recent community-wide survey in Northern Uganda, more than a thousand cases were identified. (cdc.gov)
  • Scott Dowell] It was getting worse for several years in Northern Uganda and in South Sudan. (cdc.gov)
  • Now, our colleagues tell us that the rise in the number of cases in Northern Uganda is beginning to slow so we have some optimism that the epidemic curve is leveling off. (cdc.gov)
  • So today I'm going to give a brief background and update on the current situation of the outbreak in Uganda, and then I will also provide a little bit of background on previous outbreaks of Ebola virus disease in Africa and specifically in Uganda just to provide a bit of context of why we're talking about this particular outbreak today. (cdc.gov)
  • The polio outbreak response in Mozambique comes as the country is also addressing other emergencies, including the COVID-19 pandemic, cholera, floods and insecurity in the northern Cabo Delgado region. (who.int)
  • Defaulting patterns in a provincial leprosy control programme in Northern Mozambique. (bvsalud.org)
  • Two districts in Cabo Delgado province in Northern Mozambique were selected for evaluation of multibacillary patient defaulter data between 1993 and 1997 to examine when patients default during the treatment penod. (bvsalud.org)
  • Born in Pretoria, South Africa, Elon Musk taught himself computer programming as a child and made his first software sale at 12. (flipboard.com)
  • Pretoria - Within South Africa Pretoria is popularly known as the Jacaranda City due to the thousands of Jacaranda trees planted in its streets, parks and gardens. (triviachamp.com)
  • It is more common in people of African and Mediterranean descent. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The European Eel has a wide geographic range from Northern Norway to North Africa and the Mediterranean. (cms.int)
  • South Africa concentrated the largest amount of private wealth in Africa as of 2020, some 604 billion U.S. dollars. (cats-africa.com)
  • South Africa (SA) between 2019 and 2020. (who.int)
  • Born in Northern Egypt, the artist is known for his paintings of abstract sceneries in the North African country. (arabnews.com)
  • Results of search for 'su:{Africa, Northern. (who.int)
  • In search of cool ground : war, flight and homecoming in Northeast Africa / edited by Tim Allen. (who.int)
  • Others say these are al-Qaida members fleeing Iraq and setting up shop in the Islamic Mahgreb, who will expand out of Algeria into other Northern African states. (theworld.org)
  • Nigeria is the richest and most populous country in Africa. (cats-africa.com)
  • Since early 2013, returnee and refugee populations have been fleeing northern Nigeria acrossland and water borders to Cameroon, Chad and Niger. (wfp.org)
  • Both Boko Haram and ISWAP have been terrorizing Northern Nigeria for many years. (backtojerusalem.com)
  • A highly poisonous plant ( Conium maculatum ) in the parsley family, native to Eurasia and Africa and widely naturalized in North America, having a stout stem, bipinnately compound leaves, and compound umbels of small white flowers. (leo.org)
  • Black Africans made up 79.0% of the total population in 2011 and 81% in 2016 . (cats-africa.com)
  • Northern Tunisia may just be the country's most underappreciated region. (lonelyplanet.com)
  • Tunisia, located at the eastern end of the Atlas Mountains and the northern reaches of the Sahara desert, is a dramatically beautiful country with wonderful architectural heritage. (universalweather.com)
  • Particularly affected are northern and coastal Kenya, southern and central Somalia and southern Ethiopia, where three consecutive severe droughts have resulted in decreased crop production, shortages of forage, depleted water supplies, and weakened and depleted livestock herds. (europa.eu)
  • This report explores these issues through a focus on six shelters in the Eastern Cape , the poorest province in the country, and the Northern Cape - the least populous province in the country. (boell.org)
  • Which is both the smallest and most populous province in South Africa? (triviachamp.com)
  • Three countries had a southern hemisphere pattern: Central African Republic, South Africa, and Zambia. (cdc.gov)
  • Northern Africa (Tunesia, Marocco) and Turkey were quite efficient as well. (donationcoder.com)
  • The food security situation remains alarming in South Sudan, and in Tigray, western Afar and northern Amhara in Ethiopia. (europa.eu)
  • So far, they've evacuated more than 5,000 Christians from northern Sudan. (persecution.org)
  • Shares in Northern Dynasty Minerals were dumped as the company announced what it called a "politically motivated" negative federal record of decision for its proposed Pebble project in Alaska. (mining-journal.com)
  • Currently, the most active areas of 2009 H1N1 transmission are in parts of West and Central Africa, and South and Southeast Asia. (cdc.gov)
  • 57%) from the Upper West, 290 (29%) from the Northern, surveillance was intensified across the Upper West, Northern, and 142 (14%) from the Upper East regions (Figure 1). (cdc.gov)
  • Study authors looked at data from 34 World Health Organization (WHO) member states on the African continent that report surveillance data to Global Influenza Surveillance and Response (GISRS) and used the 25 countries that had at least 3 years of consecutive surveillance data for their analysis. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the extent and quality of flu surveillance data reported by African countries to the GISRS FluNet network has improved substantially in the past decades, making the current analysis possible. (cdc.gov)
  • We report here on a pilot study for the establishment of a routine antiviral resistance surveillance programme in northern Viet Nam. (who.int)
  • As an initial step in establishing a surveillance programme for antiviral resistance in northern Viet Nam, genetic analysis was conducted for both clinical specimens and isolates collected through sentinel sites and isolates of influenza A(H5N1). (who.int)
  • Playing off the title of the Nas and Damian Marley album, the 'Not So Distant Relatives' concert brings together three rappers from different nations of Africa making a splash in different corners of America. (startribune.com)
  • Needs assessments in Sub- Saharan Africa, Northern Africa, Central America (Unpublished data, Aragon A, Torres C, Guevara R, Blanco L. Perfil Nacional sobre Salud y Seguridad en el Trabajo en Nicaragua. (cdc.gov)
  • Some countries in Europe, Africa and the Americas are seeing spikes in cases with multiple factors driving transmission risk. (bvsalud.org)
  • This piece gives details about the history, making, wearing and significance of these rich Ghanaian clothes from the 3 Northern Regions. (ghanaweb.com)
  • North Africa and South Africa are two very different regions located on the same continent , but they both have plenty of reasons as to why they're worth visiting. (cats-africa.com)
  • I'm even thinking that perhaps, rather than the Land of Madmen being Australia as I thought (though it still may be), it may be an expanded part of the very southernmost regions of Africa and Madagascar and such. (dragonmount.com)
  • In North Africa, the winter cereal season continues to suffer from drought stress and rainfall has not improved in February in most areas. (europa.eu)
  • The buntings breed from Spain to Mongolia, and Iran to northern Finland, then migrate to sub-Saharan Africa for winter. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • A suspected meningitis case was defined as the occurrence of "meningitis belt" that extends from Senegal to Ethiopia, expe- fever, neck stiffness, or other meningeal signs (e.g., headache, rienced periodic outbreaks of meningitis before introduction of altered mental status, or bulging fontanelle in an infant) in a serogroup A meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenAfriVac) resident of northern Ghana. (cdc.gov)
  • Conium maculatum ( hemlock or poison hemlock ) is a highly poisonous perennial herbaceous flowering plant in the carrot family Apiaceae, native to Europe and North Africa. (leo.org)
  • Holland is a beautiful country, situated in the Northern Europe. (mapmonde.org)
  • After adjusting for age at entry and birth year, the median time to TB diagnosis was lowest among persons from Middle Africa, 128 months (95% CI 116–146 months) for male persons and 121 months (95% CI 108–136 months) for female persons. (cdc.gov)
  • [ 3 ] During the next decades, multiple case reports emerged in the Northern European literature, including a study of 33 affected members of a Dutch family and 29 affected persons in 5 generations of a Swiss family. (medscape.com)
  • Situated in the heart of the malaria-free Northern Cape Province, Tswalu Kalahari Reserve is the ultimate safari experience. (sa-venues.com)
  • They met with Mozambican Prime Minister Adriano Afonso Maleiane and visited Mozambique's northern Tete province, where eight wild poliovirus cases were detected last year. (who.int)
  • Out of Harm's Way: Women's Shelters in the Eastern and Northern Cape. (boell.org)
  • African Vineyard Guesthouse is nestled in a lush landscape of vineyards at Kanoneiland. (sa-venues.com)
  • North Africa is made up of several countries featuring different languages and cultures. (cats-africa.com)
  • Whereas northern African countries scored highly on economic development and personal safety, they lost points for democratic participation and civil rights in autocratic regimes. (cats-africa.com)
  • Of the 27 countries worldwide currently ranked by World Bank as Low Income Economies, indicating they are the very poorest countries in the world, 23 are located in Africa. (cats-africa.com)
  • How many countries border South Africa? (triviachamp.com)
  • Declining or extinct populations, attributed to habitat loss, agricultural practices, climate change and unregulated hunting, were found mostly across northern countries. (cosmosmagazine.com)
  • The findings of this study lay the foundation for timely public health interventions with the potential to reduce flu illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths in these 25 African countries. (cdc.gov)
  • Those 25 African countries are home to 1.1 billion people or 89% of continent's total population. (cdc.gov)
  • Assessing the timing of flu activity in tropical countries has been challenging in the past because data were sparse in most WHO African countries, and annual epidemics may not have aligned with traditional northern (October-March) or southern (April-September) hemisphere epidemic patterns. (cdc.gov)
  • Tutwa Desert Lodge is set on a 16 000 ha private game reserve in the heart of the Green Kalahari in the Northern Cape. (sa-venues.com)
  • Northern Africa has received a lot of news recently, and this region remains in a state of change from political, economic and security perspectives. (universalweather.com)
  • It's important to ensure that you have contingency plans in place when traveling to the Northern African region. (universalweather.com)
  • In South Africa, the largest maize producer in the region, conditions have been generally good and maize production is forecast at an average level ( Department of Agriculture ). (europa.eu)
  • CSF specimens in the Savelugu-Nantom district of the Northern Region for were also sent to the Tamale Public Health Laboratory, the fever, headache, vomiting, and neck stiffness. (cdc.gov)
  • 2015, five more patients in the Northern Region and 11 in testing and serogrouping or serotyping of qPCR-positive the Upper West Region were hospitalized with similar symp- specimens ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Southern Africa is the continent's best performing region, with an average score of 58.1, ahead of northern Africa with an average 57.7. (cats-africa.com)
  • The buoy is attached to a guiding wire channel that assists small boats enter this notoriously tricky little seaport at the foot of the large, arid Richtersveld region in the Northern Cape. (southafrica.net)
  • Though Africa is unequivocally regarded as the birth place of humans, South Africa is one country in the continent of Africa that is believed to be a cradle of human civilization with evidences of human existence as early as 170000 years ago. (cats-africa.com)
  • In addition, this fast flight fully reflects our entire impetuous travel across the African continent in attempts to embrace the immensity in a short time. (cats-africa.com)
  • Provides a wide range of natural ingredients as found in central Africa ensuring that your Parrot receives all the nutrients they would in his natural habitat. (northernparrots.com)