Africa central. Medical search

A republic in southern Africa, the southernmost part of Africa. It has three capitals: Pretoria (administrative), Cape Town (legislative), and Bloemfontein (judicial). Officially the Republic of South Africa since 1960, it was called the Union of South Africa 1910-1960.

All of Africa except Northern Africa (AFRICA, NORTHERN).

The geographical area of Africa comprising BENIN; BURKINA FASO; COTE D'IVOIRE; GAMBIA; GHANA; GUINEA; GUINEA-BISSAU; LIBERIA; MALI; MAURITANIA; NIGER; NIGERIA; SENEGAL; SIERRA LEONE; and TOGO.

The geographical area of Africa comprising ANGOLA; BOTSWANA; LESOTHO; MALAWI; MOZAMBIQUE; NAMIBIA; SOUTH AFRICA; SWAZILAND; ZAMBIA; and ZIMBABWE.

The geographical area of Africa comprising BURUNDI; DJIBOUTI; ETHIOPIA; KENYA; RWANDA; SOMALIA; SUDAN; TANZANIA; and UGANDA.

The geographical area of Africa comprising CAMEROON; CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC; CHAD; CONGO; EQUATORIAL GUINEA; GABON; and DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO.

The geographical area of Africa comprising ALGERIA; EGYPT; LIBYA; MOROCCO; and TUNISIA. It includes also the vast deserts and oases of the Sahara. It is often referred to as North Africa, French-speaking Africa, or the Maghreb. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p856)

Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.

A republic in western Africa, south of SENEGAL and MALI, east of GUINEA-BISSAU. Its capital is Conakry.

The largest of the continents. It was known to the Romans more specifically as what we know today as Asia Minor. The name comes from at least two possible sources: from the Assyrian asu (to rise) or from the Sanskrit usa (dawn), both with reference to its being the land of the rising sun, i.e., eastern as opposed to Europe, to the west. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p82 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p34)

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A republic in central Africa lying east of CHAD and the CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and west of NIGERIA. The capital is Yaounde.

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of ETHIOPIA, west of SOMALIA with TANZANIA to its south, and coastline on the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Nairobi.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of SUDAN and west of KENYA. Its capital is Kampala.

The period of history before 500 of the common era.

The process of leaving one's country to establish residence in a foreign country.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA and north of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Dar es Salaam. It was formed in 1964 by a merger of the countries of TANGANYIKA and ZANZIBAR.

A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER and between TOGO and NIGERIA. Its capital is Porto-Novo. It was formerly called Dahomey. In the 17th century it was a kingdom in the southern area of Africa. Coastal footholds were established by the French who deposed the ruler by 1892. It was made a French colony in 1894 and gained independence in 1960. Benin comes from the name of the indigenous inhabitants, the Bini, now more closely linked with southern Nigeria (Benin City, a town there). Bini may be related to the Arabic bani, sons. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p136, 310 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p60)

A republic in western Africa, south of BURKINA FASO and west of TOGO. Its capital is Accra.

The inhabitants of rural areas or of small towns classified as rural.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

A system of traditional medicine which is based on the beliefs and practices of the African peoples. It includes treatment by medicinal plants and other materia medica as well as by the ministrations of diviners, medicine men, witch doctors, and sorcerers.

A republic in western Africa, south and east of MALI and west of NIGER. Its capital is Ouagadougou. It was formerly called Upper Volta until 1984.

A field of study concerned with the principles and processes governing the geographic distributions of genealogical lineages, especially those within and among closely related species. (Avise, J.C., Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species. Harvard University Press, 2000)

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

The region of southwest Asia and northeastern Africa usually considered as extending from Libya on the west to Afghanistan on the east. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988)

A country in western Africa, east of MAURITANIA and south of ALGERIA. Its capital is Bamako. From 1904-1920 it was known as Upper Senegal-Niger; prior to 1958, as French Sudan; 1958-1960 as the Sudanese Republic and 1959-1960 it joined Senegal in the Mali Federation. It became an independent republic in 1960.

Aspects of health and disease related to travel.

A republic in southern Africa east of ZAMBIA and MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Lilongwe. It was formerly called Nyasaland.

A republic in western Africa, constituting an enclave within SENEGAL extending on both sides of the Gambia River. Its capital is Banjul, formerly Bathurst.

A republic in western Africa, lying between GHANA on its west and BENIN on its east. Its capital is Lome.

Agents used in the treatment of malaria. They are usually classified on the basis of their action against plasmodia at different stages in their life cycle in the human. (From AMA, Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1585)

A republic in western Africa, south of MALI and BURKINA FASO, bordered by GHANA on the east. Its administrative capital is Abidjan and Yamoussoukro has been the official capital since 1983. The country was formerly called Ivory Coast.

A republic in southern Africa, east of ZAMBIA and BOTSWANA and west of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Harare. It was formerly called Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia.

Agents used to treat RETROVIRIDAE INFECTIONS.

Malaria caused by PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM. This is the severest form of malaria and is associated with the highest levels of parasites in the blood. This disease is characterized by irregularly recurring febrile paroxysms that in extreme cases occur with acute cerebral, renal, or gastrointestinal manifestations.

A republic in southern Africa, south of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and TANZANIA, and north of ZIMBABWE. Its capital is Lusaka. It was formerly called Northern Rhodesia.

A republic in west equatorial Africa, south of CAMEROON and west of the CONGO. Its capital is Libreville.

Agents used to treat AIDS and/or stop the spread of the HIV infection. These do not include drugs used to treat symptoms or opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.

Family of the suborder HAPLORHINI (Anthropoidea) comprising bipedal primate MAMMALS. It includes modern man (HOMO SAPIENS) and the great apes: gorillas (GORILLA GORILLA), chimpanzees (PAN PANISCUS and PAN TROGLODYTES), and orangutans (PONGO PYGMAEUS).

A republic in western Africa, north of NIGERIA and west of CHAD. Its capital is Niamey.

The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Remains, impressions, or traces of animals or plants of past geological times which have been preserved in the earth's crust.

The scientific study of past societies through artifacts, fossils, etc.

A republic in southern Africa, south of TANZANIA, east of ZAMBIA and ZIMBABWE, bordered on the west by the Indian Ocean. Its capital is Maputo. It was formerly called Portuguese East Africa.

The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.

Periodic movement of human settlement from one geographical location to another.

The status of health in rural populations.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

A republic in western Africa, south of NIGER between BENIN and CAMEROON. Its capital is Abuja.

A republic in central Africa lying between GABON and DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and south of Cameroon. Its capital is Brazzaville.

Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.

A republic in southern Africa, between NAMIBIA and ZAMBIA. It was formerly called Bechuanaland. Its capital is Gaborone. The Kalahari Desert is in the west and southwest.

A republic in western Africa, south of SENEGAL and west of GUINEA. Its capital is Bissau.

A genus of mosquitoes (CULICIDAE) that are known vectors of MALARIA.

Insects that transmit infective organisms from one host to another or from an inanimate reservoir to an animate host.

The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)

A republic in central Africa, east of NIGER, west of SUDAN and south of LIBYA. Its capital is N'Djamena.

The reduction or regulation of the population of mosquitoes through chemical, biological, or other means.

The concept pertaining to the health status of inhabitants of the world.

A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.

A republic in western Africa, south of GUINEA and west of LIBERIA. Its capital is Freetown.

A republic in southern Africa, south of ANGOLA and west of BOTSWANA. Its capital is Windhoek.

An acute infection caused by the RIFT VALLEY FEVER VIRUS, an RNA arthropod-borne virus, affecting domestic animals and humans. In animals, symptoms include HEPATITIS; abortion (ABORTION, VETERINARY); and DEATH. In humans, symptoms range from those of a flu-like disease to hemorrhagic fever, ENCEPHALITIS, or BLINDNESS.

The comparative science dealing with the physical characteristics of humans as related to their origin, evolution, and development in the total environment.

The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in the pursuit of a common goal or interest.

Sudden outbreaks of a disease in a country or region not previously recognized in that area, or a rapid increase in the number of new cases of a previous existing endemic disease. Epidemics can also refer to outbreaks of disease in animal or plant populations.

A republic in central Africa south of CHAD and SUDAN, north of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, and east of CAMEROON. The capital is Bangui.

The general name for NORTH AMERICA; CENTRAL AMERICA; and SOUTH AMERICA unspecified or combined.

An acquired defect of cellular immunity associated with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a CD4-positive T-lymphocyte count under 200 cells/microliter or less than 14% of total lymphocytes, and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and malignant neoplasms. Clinical manifestations also include emaciation (wasting) and dementia. These elements reflect criteria for AIDS as defined by the CDC in 1993.

An infant during the first month after birth.

The number of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. Determination requires the use of a fluorescence-activated flow cytometer.

Excision of the prepuce of the penis (FORESKIN) or part of it.

Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The genetic constitution of individuals with respect to one member of a pair of allelic genes, or sets of genes that are closely linked and tend to be inherited together such as those of the MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX.

Numerous islands in the Indian Ocean situated east of Madagascar, north to the Arabian Sea and east to Sri Lanka. Included are COMOROS (republic), MADAGASCAR (republic), Maldives (republic), MAURITIUS (parliamentary democracy), Pemba (administered by Tanzania), REUNION (a department of France), and SEYCHELLES (republic).

Drug regimens, for patients with HIV INFECTIONS, that aggressively suppress HIV replication. The regimens usually involve administration of three or more different drugs including a protease inhibitor.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.

A species of mosquito in the genus Anopheles and the principle vector of MALARIA in Africa.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

A specialized agency of the United Nations designed as a coordinating authority on international health work; its aim is to promote the attainment of the highest possible level of health by all peoples.

The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.

Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.

A climate which is typical of equatorial and tropical regions, i.e., one with continually high temperatures with considerable precipitation, at least during part of the year. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

Double-stranded DNA of MITOCHONDRIA. In eukaryotes, the mitochondrial GENOME is circular and codes for ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, and about 10 proteins.

Development of neutralizing antibodies in individuals who have been exposed to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/HTLV-III/LAV).

Sexual activities of humans.

The branch of medicine concerned with diseases, mainly of parasitic origin, common in tropical and subtropical regions.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

Programs of surveillance designed to prevent the transmission of disease by any means from person to person or from animal to man.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The geographical area of Asia comprising BORNEO; BRUNEI; CAMBODIA; INDONESIA; LAOS; MALAYSIA; the MEKONG VALLEY; MYANMAR (formerly Burma), the PHILIPPINES; SINGAPORE; THAILAND; and VIETNAM.

A republic in southern Africa, southwest of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO and west of ZAMBIA. Its capital is Luanda.

The geographical designation for the countries of the MIDDLE EAST and the countries BANGLADESH; BHUTAN; INDIA; NEPAL; PAKISTAN; and SRI LANKA. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, 1993 & Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988)

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

A mosquito-borne species of the PHLEBOVIRUS genus found in eastern, central, and southern Africa, producing massive hepatitis, abortion, and death in sheep, goats, cattle, and other animals. It also has caused disease in humans.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Communications using an active or passive satellite to extend the range of radio, television, or other electronic transmission by returning signals to earth from an orbiting satellite.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

One of the FOLIC ACID ANTAGONISTS that is used as an antimalarial or with a sulfonamide to treat toxoplasmosis.

The protection, preservation, restoration, and rational use of all resources in the total environment.

Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

A country located in north Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, with a southern border with Western Sahara, eastern border with Algeria. The capital is Rabat.

The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.

The degree to which individuals are inhibited or facilitated in their ability to gain entry to and to receive care and services from the health care system. Factors influencing this ability include geographic, architectural, transportational, and financial considerations, among others.

An acute febrile human disease caused by the LASSA VIRUS.

A republic in western Africa, south of GUINEA and east of COTE D'IVOIRE. Its capital is Monrovia.

The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.

Drugs used in the treatment of tuberculosis. They are divided into two main classes: "first-line" agents, those with the greatest efficacy and acceptable degrees of toxicity used successfully in the great majority of cases; and "second-line" drugs used in drug-resistant cases or those in which some other patient-related condition has compromised the effectiveness of primary therapy.

The study of early forms of life through fossil remains.

The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.

The process whereby a society changes from a rural to an urban way of life. It refers also to the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas.

One of the Indian Ocean Islands off the southeast coast of Africa. Its capital is Antananarivo. It was formerly called the Malagasy Republic. Discovered by the Portuguese in 1500, its history has been tied predominantly to the French, becoming a French protectorate in 1882, a French colony in 1896, and a territory within the French union in 1946. The Malagasy Republic was established in the French Community in 1958 but it achieved independence in 1960. Its name was changed to Madagascar in 1975. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p714)

Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.

A group of SESQUITERPENES and their analogs that contain a peroxide group (PEROXIDES) within an oxepin ring (OXEPINS).

Techniques used to determine the age of materials, based on the content and half-lives of the RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES they contain.

A republic in eastern Africa, on the Gulf of Aden at the entrance to the Red Sea. Djibouti is also the name of its capital.

A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).

Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).

Child who has lost both parents through death or desertion.

A long acting sulfonamide that is used, usually in combination with other drugs, for respiratory, urinary tract, and malarial infections.

Study subjects in COHORT STUDIES whose outcomes are unknown e.g., because they could not or did not wish to attend follow-up visits.(from Dictionary of Epidemiology, 5th ed.)

The inhabitants of a city or town, including metropolitan areas and suburban areas.

A kingdom in southern Africa, west of MOZAMBIQUE. Its capital is Mbabane. The area was settled by the Swazi branch of the Zulu nation in the early 1880's, with its independence guaranteed by the British and Transvaal governments in 1881 and 1884. With limited self-government introduced in 1962, it became independent in 1968. Swazi is the Zulu name for the people who call themselves Swati, from Mswati, the name of a 16th century king, from a word meaning stick or rod. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p1170 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p527)

The systematic surveying, mapping, charting, and description of specific geographical sites, with reference to the physical features that were presumed to influence health and disease. Medical topography should be differentiated from EPIDEMIOLOGY in that the former emphasizes geography whereas the latter emphasizes disease outbreaks.

The MEDITERRANEAN SEA, the MEDITERRANEAN ISLANDS, and the countries bordering on the sea collectively.

Tuberculosis resistant to ISONIAZID and RIFAMPIN and at least three of the six main classes of second-line drugs (AMINOGLYCOSIDES; polypeptide agents; FLUOROQUINOLONES; THIOAMIDES; CYCLOSERINE; and PARA-AMINOSALICYLIC ACID) as defined by the CDC.

A disease endemic among people and animals in Central Africa. It is caused by various species of trypanosomes, particularly T. gambiense and T. rhodesiense. Its second host is the TSETSE FLY. Involvement of the central nervous system produces "African sleeping sickness." Nagana is a rapidly fatal trypanosomiasis of horses and other animals.

A family of the order DIPTERA that comprises the mosquitoes. The larval stages are aquatic, and the adults can be recognized by the characteristic WINGS, ANIMAL venation, the scales along the wing veins, and the long proboscis. Many species are of particular medical importance.

A republic in eastern Africa, south of UGANDA, east of DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO, west of TANZANIA. Its capital is Kigali. It was formerly part of the Belgian trust territory of Ruanda-Urund.

The development by insects of resistance to insecticides.

Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.

Periodic movements of animals in response to seasonal changes or reproductive instinct. Hormonal changes are the trigger in at least some animals. Most migrations are made for reasons of climatic change, feeding, or breeding.

The prototypical antimalarial agent with a mechanism that is not well understood. It has also been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and in the systemic therapy of amebic liver abscesses.

Number of deaths of children between one year of age to 12 years of age in a given population.

Professionals, technicians, and assistants staffing LABORATORIES.

Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens. When transmission is within the same species, the mode can be horizontal or vertical (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).

The application of molecular biology to the answering of epidemiological questions. The examination of patterns of changes in DNA to implicate particular carcinogens and the use of molecular markers to predict which individuals are at highest risk for a disease are common examples.

The human male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in humans.

Tuberculosis resistant to chemotherapy with two or more ANTITUBERCULAR AGENTS, including at least ISONIAZID and RIFAMPICIN. The problem of resistance is particularly troublesome in tuberculous OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTIONS associated with HIV INFECTIONS. It requires the use of second line drugs which are more toxic than the first line regimens. TB with isolates that have developed further resistance to at least three of the six classes of second line drugs is defined as EXTENSIVELY DRUG-RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS.

Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.

Activities concerned with governmental policies, functions, etc.

A species of ARENAVIRUS, part of the Old World Arenaviruses (ARENAVIRUSES, OLD WORLD), and the etiologic agent of LASSA FEVER. LASSA VIRUS is a common infective agent in humans in West Africa. Its natural host is the multimammate mouse Mastomys natalensis.

Simultaneous infection of a host organism by two or more pathogens. In virology, coinfection commonly refers to simultaneous infection of a single cell by two or more different viruses.

Married or single individuals who share sexual relations.

The personal cost of acute or chronic disease. The cost to the patient may be an economic, social, or psychological cost or personal loss to self, family, or immediate community. The cost of illness may be reflected in absenteeism, productivity, response to treatment, peace of mind, or QUALITY OF LIFE. It differs from HEALTH CARE COSTS, meaning the societal cost of providing services related to the delivery of health care, rather than personal impact on individuals.

Infection with nematodes of the genus ONCHOCERCA. Characteristics include the presence of firm subcutaneous nodules filled with adult worms, PRURITUS, and ocular lesions.

Number of individuals in a population relative to space.

The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.

Opportunistic infections found in patients who test positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The most common include PNEUMOCYSTIS PNEUMONIA, Kaposi's sarcoma, cryptosporidiosis, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and infections with Mycobacterium avium complex, Microsporidium, and Cytomegalovirus.

An independent state in eastern Africa. Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered on the north and northeast by Eritrea, on the east by Djibouti and Somalia, on the south by Kenya, and on the west and southwest by Sudan. Its capital is Addis Ababa.

The geographic area of Latin America in general and when the specific country or countries are not indicated. It usually includes Central America, South America, Mexico, and the islands of the Caribbean.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A kingdom in southern Africa, within the republic of SOUTH AFRICA. Its capital is Maseru.

The reduction or regulation of the population of noxious, destructive, or dangerous insects through chemical, biological, or other means.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Representations, normally to scale and on a flat medium, of a selection of material or abstract features on the surface of the earth, the heavens, or celestial bodies.

A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.

A republic in eastern Africa bounded on the north by RWANDA and on the south by TANZANIA. Its capital is Bujumbura.

Diseases that are underfunded and have low name recognition but are major burdens in less developed countries. The World Health Organization has designated six tropical infectious diseases as being neglected in industrialized countries that are endemic in many developing countries (HELMINTHIASIS; LEPROSY; LYMPHATIC FILARIASIS; ONCHOCERCIASIS; SCHISTOSOMIASIS; and TRACHOMA).

Organizational development including enhancement of management structures, processes and procedures, within organizations and among different organizations and sectors to meet present and future needs.

Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which ANIMALS, ZOO is available.

The study of the teeth of early forms of life through fossil remains.

The production and movement of food items from point of origin to use or consumption.

Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.

A species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS causing an epidemic disease among captive primates.

Infectious diseases that are novel in their outbreak ranges (geographic and host) or transmission mode.

The science devoted to the comparative study of man.

A genus of protozoa that comprise the malaria parasites of mammals. Four species infect humans (although occasional infections with primate malarias may occur). These are PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; PLASMODIUM OVALE, and PLASMODIUM VIVAX. Species causing infection in vertebrates other than man include: PLASMODIUM BERGHEI; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; P. vinckei, and PLASMODIUM YOELII in rodents; P. brasilianum, PLASMODIUM CYNOMOLGI; and PLASMODIUM KNOWLESI in monkeys; and PLASMODIUM GALLINACEUM in chickens.

The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.

A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals. The most familiar application is in clinical decision analysis where it is used for estimating the probability of a particular diagnosis given the appearance of some symptoms or test result.

The status of health in urban populations.

Size and composition of the family.

The change in gene frequency in a population due to migration of gametes or individuals (ANIMAL MIGRATION) across population barriers. In contrast, in GENETIC DRIFT the cause of gene frequency changes are not a result of population or gamete movement.

Articles of cloth, usually cotton or rayon and other synthetic or cotton-blend fabrics, used in households, hospitals, physicians' examining rooms, nursing homes, etc., for sheets, pillow cases, toweling, gowns, drapes, and the like.

A country in northeastern Africa. The capital is Khartoum.

A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE that is perennial with conspicuous, almost palmate leaves like those of RICINUS but more deeply parted into five to nine lobes. It is a source of a starch after removal of the cyanogenic glucosides. The common name of Arrowroot is also used with Maranta (MARANTACEAE). The common name of yuca is also used for YUCCA.

MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

To be used for articles pertaining to medical activities carried out by personnel in institutions which are administered by a religious organization.

Persons trained to assist professional health personnel in communicating with residents in the community concerning needs and availability of health services.

Increase, over a specific period of time, in the number of individuals living in a country or region.

Bites and stings inflicted by insects.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Smallpox eradication in West and Central Africa.(1/125)

(+info)

Unprecedented degree of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group M genetic diversity in the Democratic Republic of Congo suggests that the HIV-1 pandemic originated in Central Africa. (2/125)

The purpose of this study was to document the genetic diversity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC; formerly Zaire). A total of 247 HIV-1-positive samples, collected during an epidemiologic survey conducted in 1997 in three regions (Kinshasa [the capital], Bwamanda [in the north], and Mbuyi-Maya [in the south]), were genetically characterized in the env V3-V5 region. All known subtypes were found to cocirculate, and for 6% of the samples the subtype could not be identified. Subtype A is predominant, with prevalences decreasing from north to south (69% in the north, 53% in the capital city, and 46% in the south). Subtype C, D, G, and H prevalences range from 7 to 9%, whereas subtype F, J, K, and CRF01-AE strains represent 2 to 4% of the samples; only one subtype B strain was identified. The highest prevalence (25%) of subtype C was in the south, and CRF01-AE was seen mainly in the north. The high intersubtype variability among the V3-V5 sequences is the most probable reason for the low (45%) efficiency of subtype A-specific PCR and HMA (heteroduplex mobility assay). Eighteen (29%) of 62 samples had discordant subtype designations between env and gag. Sequence analysis of the entire envelope from 13 samples confirmed the high degree of diversity and complexity of HIV-1 strains in the DRC; 9 had a complex recombinant structure in gp160, involving fragments of known and unknown subtypes. Interestingly, the unknown fragments from the different strains did not cluster together. Overall, the high number of HIV-1 subtypes cocirculating, the high intrasubtype diversity, and the high numbers of possible recombinant viruses as well as different unclassified strains are all in agreement with an old and mature epidemic in the DRC, suggesting that this region is the epicenter of HIV-1 group M. (+info)

Short-course eflornithine in Gambian trypanosomiasis: a multicentre randomized controlled trial. (3/125)

OBJECTIVE: A randomized controlled trial was conducted to determine whether 7 days of intravenous eflornithine (100 mg/kg every 6 h) was as effective as the standard 14-day regimen in the treatment of late-stage Trypanosoma brucei gambiense trypanosomiasis. METHODS: A total of 321 patients (274 new cases, 47 relapsing cases) were randomized at four participating centres in Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Uganda to one of these treatment regimens and followed up for 2 years. RESULTS: Six patients died during treatment, one of whom was on the 7-day regimen, whereas the other five had been on the 14-day regimen (P = 0.2). The response to eflornithine differed markedly between Uganda and other countries. Among new cases in Uganda, the 2-year probability of cure was 73% on the 14-day course compared with 62% on the 7-day regimen (hazard ratio (HR) for treatment failure, 7-day versus 14-day regimen: 1.45, 95% CI: 0.7, 3.1, P = 0.3). Among new cases in Cote d'Ivoire, Congo, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo combined, the 2-year probability of cure was 97% on the 14-day course compared with 86.5% on the 7-day regimen (HR for treatment failure, 7-day vs 14-day: 6.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.5, 31.0, P = 0.003). Among relapsing cases in all four countries, the 2-year probability of cure was 94% with 7 days and 100% with 14 days of treatment. Factors associated with a higher risk of treatment failure were: a positive lymph node aspirate (HR 4.1; 95% CI: 1.8-9.4), a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white cell count > or = 100/mm3 (HR 3.5; 95% CI: 1.1-10.9), being treated in Uganda (HR 2.9; 95% CI: 1.4-5.9), and CSF trypanosomes (HR 1.9; 95% CI: 0.9-4.1). Being stuporous on admission was associated with a lower risk of treatment failure (HR 0.18; 95% CI: 0.02-1.4) as was increasing age (HR 0.977; 95% CI: 0.95-1.0, for each additional year of age). DISCUSSION: The 7-day course of eflornithine is an effective treatment of relapsing cases of Gambian trypanosomiasis. For new cases, a 7-day course is inferior to the standard 14-day regimen and cannot be recommended. (+info)

Experimental oral polio vaccines and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. (4/125)

The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) of the common chimpanzee is widely acknowledged as the direct ancestor of HIV-1. There is increasing historical evidence that during the late 1950s, kidneys were routinely excised from central African chimpanzees by scientists who were collaborating with the polio vaccine research of Dr Hilary Koprowski, and sent - inter alia - to vaccine-making laboratories in the USA and Africa, and to unspecified destinations in Belgium. While there is no direct evidence that cells from these kidneys were used as a substrate for growing Dr Koprowski's oral polio vaccines, there is a startling coincidence between places in Africa where his CHAT vaccine was fed, and the first appearances in the world of HIV-1 group M and group-M-related AIDS. Because of the enormous implications of the hypothesis that AIDS may be an unintended iatrogenic (physician-caused) disease, it is almost inevitable that this theory will engender heated opposition from many of those in the scientific establishment, and those with vested interests. (+info)

Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--West and Central Africa, 1999-2000. (5/125)

In 1988, the World Health Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) resolved to eradicate poliomyelitis by 2000. Reported polio cases have decreased on all continents. In 2000, poliovirus was isolated from 24 countries, 13 in the African Region of WHO (AFR). This report summarizes the routine polio vaccination coverage, surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) during 1999 and 2000, and the synchronization of national immunization days (NIDs) against polio during 2000 and early 2001 in 16 countries in west and central Africa. (+info)

Modeling and reinforcement to combat HIV: the MARCH approach to behavior change. (6/125)

Theory and research suggest that behavioral interventions to prevent HIV/AIDS may be most effective when they are personalized and affectively compelling, when they provide models of desired behaviors, and when they are linked to social and cultural narratives. Effective strategies must also take into account the opportunities and obstacles present in the local environment. The Modeling and Reinforcement to Combat HIV (MARCH) projects combine key aspects of individual behavior change with efforts to change social norms. There are 2 main components to the program: entertainment as a vehicle for education (longrunning serialized dramas on radio or television portray role models evolving toward the adoption of positive behaviors) and interpersonal reinforcement at the community level (support from friends, family members, and others can help people initiate behavior changes; support through changes in social norms is necessary for behavioral effects to be sustained over time). Both media and interpersonal intervention activities should be linked to existing resources in the community and, wherever possible, provide increased access to preventive services, supplies, and other supporting elements. (+info)

Infertility in central Africa. (7/125)

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of primary and secondary infertility in the four Central African countries of Cameroon, Chad, Central African Republic and Gabon. METHODS: Primary infertility was approximated by the percentage of women childless after at least 5 years of marriage. The percentage with no birth at least 5 years subsequent to a previous birth was considered to have secondary infertility. Logistic regression and discrete logistic regression models were estimated to determine the risk factors of primary and secondary infertility, respectively. The relatively few women who were defined as infertile and reported using a traditional or modern method of contraception at survey date were considered fertile to reduce bias from falsely classifying effective contraceptive users as infertile. RESULTS: The prevalence of infertility was highest in Central African Republic and lowest in Chad: primary infertility ranged from 6.9% to 3.1% and secondary infertility for women aged 20-44 years ranged from 26.5% to 18.9%. Women married more than once vs. only once and formerly married women vs. women living with their husbands had higher odds of primary and secondary infertility. Also, younger cohorts had relatively higher risks of primary (born after 1970) and secondary infertility (born after 1960) compared with women born before 1960. In contrast, place of residence, religion, education of wife or husband and socio-economic status were generally not associated with primary or secondary infertility. CONCLUSIONS: Infertility is still prevalent in Central Africa and new interventions aimed at reducing the incidence and social implications of pathologic infertility are needed. (+info)

RESPONSE OF VOLTA CHILDREN TO LIVE ATTENUATED MEASLES VIRUS VACCINE. (8/125)

Experience so far with the Enders B-level Edmonston strain of live attenuated measles vaccine has been principally with children in the USA in whom natural measles carries a low mortality. Measles is associated with an appreciably higher mortality rate in developing countries; in Upper Volta, climate, nutritional status, degree of parasitic infestation and concurrent infections may contribute to this. The present report summarizes a pilot study in Ouagadougou, Upper Volta, designed to obtain information on the response of Volta children to Enders vaccine and to determine the feasibility of using this vaccine on a large scale.The observations indicate that Volta children, despite the hazards of natural measles, respond in essentially the same manner to live vaccine given alone or with gamma-globulin as do children in other areas. The febrile reactions which characterize infection with the attenuated measles virus were of insufficient importance to warrant the concurrent use of gamma-globulin in a forthcoming mass measles vaccination campaign in Upper Volta. (+info)

... the Central African CFA franc. The African Development Bank defines Central Africa as Cameroon, the Central African Republic, ... are also found in Central Africa, such as the Gbaya, Banda and Zande, in northern Central Africa. Notable Central African supra ... Central Africa, History of Central Africa, Regions of Africa, Articles containing video clips). ... Central Africa also includes many Nilo-Saharan and Niger-Congo Ubangian communities: in north western Central Africa the Nilo- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Africa

"Central Africa Party Splits in Three Factions", Africa Report, Volumes 5-7, 1960 "Liberal Party for Northern Rhodesia" The ... The Central Africa Party was a multi-racial political party in the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (also called the ... In Southern Rhodesia it continued under the Central Africa Party name. It put forward 14 candidates for the December 1962 ... Africa Report, Volumes 5-7 1960, African-American Institute, plxx The Last Great Fight The Spectator, 21 May 1959 Bizeck Jube ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Africa_Party

The Central Corridor is a transport and trading route located in East and Central Africa. Its end point is the Tanzanian port ... This route consists uses Tanzania's Central Line as well as connecting road networks. The Central Corridor provides an ... Agutamba, Kenneth (3 August 2015). "Central Corridor poised to become regional trade hub". The New Times. Archived from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Corridor_(Africa)

The Central Africa Medal was a British campaign medal awarded for service from 1891-1894 in Eastern and Central Africa, and ... from 1894-1898 for service in British Central Africa. Award of the Central Africa Medal was approved by Queen Victoria in Army ... A clasp, Central Africa 1894-98, was authorised in August 1899. When the medal was issued with the clasp, it hung from a ... This covered ten small Central African campaigns between 1891 and 1895, eight in the vicinity of Lake Nyassa in what is now ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Africa_Medal

... or CAT, is a time zone used in central and southern Africa. Central Africa Time is two hours ahead of ... observes South African Standard Time) Libya (observes Eastern European Time) South Africa (observes South African Standard Time ... Central Africa Time is observed by the following countries: Botswana Burundi Democratic Republic of the Congo (eastern side ... 00 South African Standard Time, an equivalent time zone covering the South Africa, also at UTC+02:00 v t e (Articles with short ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Africa_Time

The Rise of Nationalism in Central Africa, pp. 32-4. R I Rotberg, (1965). The Rise of Nationalism in Central Africa, pp. 24, 43 ... A Pictorial Essay of the 1898 Provisional of British Central Africa - Nyasaland Fred J. Melville, British Central Africa ... British Central Africa Protectorate, History of Malawi, Nyasaland, Former British colonies and protectorates in Africa, Former ... The British Central Africa Protectorate (BCA) was a British protectorate proclaimed in 1889 and ratified in 1891 that occupied ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Central_Africa_Protectorate

1970s in the Central African Republic, Political history of the Central African Republic, African monarchs, Positions of ... History of the Central African Republic List of heads of state of the Central African Republic Lentz, Harris M. (1994), Heads ... Emperor of Central Africa (French: Empereur de Centrafrique) was the title used by Jean-Bédel Bokassa from 4 December 1976, who ... For all intents and purposes, the country was still a military dictatorship, as had been the case with the Central African ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emperor_of_Central_Africa

Central Africa is generally considered to encompass ten countries (Cameroon, south-Chad, Central African Republic (CAR), ... Archaeological research has been scarce in Central Africa. One reason is that half of Central Africa is covered by rainforest. ... Journal of African Archaeology. 6 (2): 183-202. doi:10.3213/1612-1651-10109. (African archaeology, History of Central Africa). ... Central Africa has also had high outbreaks of deadly diseases such as AIDS and Ebola fever, and has also experienced numerous " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeology_of_Central_Africa

Anglican archbishops of Central Africa, Church of the Province of Central Africa). ... This is a list of the Archbishops of the Anglican Church of the Province of Central Africa, which encompasses the present-day ... Diocese of Bath & Wells - Archbishop of Central Africa... Archived July 22, 2011, at the Wayback Machine Lambeth Conference ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archbishop_of_Central_Africa

The British Central Africa Company Ltd was a major shareholder in the Shire Highlands Railway Company and the Central Africa ... Lonrho sold the Central Africa Company Ltd to African Plantations Corporation in June 1997. Eugene Sharrer, who was described ... The Central Africa Company Ltd, with its remaining agricultural assets, was sold by Lonrho to African Plantations Corporation ... It changed its name to The Central Africa Company Ltd and was acquired by the Lonrho group, both in 1964. The British Central ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Central_Africa_Company

The British Central Africa Gazette was the government gazette of the British Central Africa Protectorate. The Gazette was ... "The British Central Africa gazette". The Library of Congress. Retrieved 2018-08-18. v t e (Articles with short description, ... List of British colonial gazettes BRITISH CENTRAL AFRICA PROTECTORATE CRL Foreign Official Gazette Database, 2014. Retrieved 28 ... British Central Africa Protectorate, 1894 establishments in the British Empire, All stub articles, Newspapers published in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Central_Africa_Gazette

... (CCAP) - Harare Synod Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP) - Zambia Synod Paul ... The Church of Central Africa Presbyterian (CCAP) is a Presbyterian denomination. It consists of five synods: one in Zambia ( ... In 1889 the Cape Synod of the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa began work in central Malawi. Initially its base was Mvera ... CCAP Zambia - What We Believe Archived 2013-08-27 at the Wayback Machine Church of Central Africa Presbyterian - Blantyre Synod ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_Central_Africa_Presbyterian

The Adventist University of Central Africa (AUCA) also called in French: Universite Adventiste d'Afrique Central is a Seventh- ... Adventist University of Central Africa was established in 1978, but officially opened on 15 October 1984. The school closed in ... "Rwanda : The Adventist University of Central Africa (AUCA)". Archived from the original on September 1, 2015. Retrieved ... Construction of the new campus began on 12 May 2005 with ground breaking for the central academic block. Construction on a 2000 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventist_University_of_Central_Africa

The Central Africa Province (abbreviated IS-CAP, also known as Central Africa Wilayah and Wilayat Wasat Ifriqiya) is an ... The leader of the militants went on to say that "this is Dar al-Islam of the Islamic State in Central Africa" and he asked ... The Central Africa Province officially pledged allegiance to IS's new caliph Abu Ibrahim al-Hashimi al-Qurashi on 7 November ... Accordingly, the Central Africa Province's main importance laid in its propaganda value and its future potential to grow ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_–_Central_Africa_Province

... both accredited by the Accrediting Council for Theological Education in Africa (ACTEA). Theological College of Central Africa ... The Theological College of Central Africa (abbreviation TCCA)-now known as The Evangelical University-is a Bible college ... Africa university stubs, Zambian building and structure stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theological_College_of_Central_Africa

... the Lutheran Church of Central Africa - Malawi Conference (LCCA-MC) and the Lutheran Church of Central Africa - Zambia ... The Lutheran Church of Central Africa or LCCA is a Christian denomination of the Lutheran tradition based in the African ... The Lutheran Church of Central Africa was established by Lutheran missionaries from the Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod. ... In 1962, the Rhodesian Lutheran Church Conference was reorganized and became The Lutheran Church of Central Africa. Exploratory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheran_Church_of_Central_Africa

CUAC was founded in 1989 by the Association of the Episcopal Conference of the Central African Region. It opened in 1991 with ... The Catholic University of Central Africa (Université Catholique de l'Afrique Centrale) (CUAC or UCAC) is a private Roman ... 20,000 in Scholarships to Catholic University of Central Africa Coordinates: 3°50′38″N 11°31′16″E / 3.844°N 11.521°E / 3.844 ... Advanced School of Nursing School of engineering and technology School of health sciences Catholic University of Central Africa ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Central_Africa

Mission to Central Africa 1859-1909, 5th ed. (London: Universities' Mission to Central Africa, 1909). C. Brad Faught, " ... Mission to Central Africa. Universities' Mission to Central Africa. p. 91. "Mackenzie, Charles Frederick". Cambridge Alumni ... Mission to Central Africa in Bonde: the mission in African history - Bonde in what is now Tanzania". Past & Present. doi: ... Mission to Central Africa. Ayer. p. 3. ISBN 0-8369-6601-5. "Bodleian Library of Commonwealth and African Studies at Rhodes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universities'_Mission_to_Central_Africa

The East and Central Africa Medal, established in February 1899, was a British campaign medal awarded for minor military ... Below is the inscription "EAST & CENTRAL AFRICA". The name and regiment of the recipient are engraved in capitals on the rim of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_and_Central_Africa_Medal

... Retrieved 9 October 2017. "Provenance of the collections". Royal Museum for Central Africa - ... Royal Museum for Central Africa. Retrieved 13 October 2017. "Discover our research". Royal Museum for Central Africa - Tervuren ... "Towards the Renewal and the Renovation of the Royal Museum for Central Africa". "King Leopold's ghost - Belgium's Africa museum ... as well as 2,500 hours of recordings of traditional music from sub-Saharan Africa, in particular in Central Africa (Congo, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Museum_for_Central_Africa

Africa, Central (EURAFCENT). As an Echelon III Commander, Commander, Navy Region Europe, Africa, Central reports directly to ... Navy Region Europe, Africa, Central (EURAFCENT) is one of eleven current naval regions responsible for the operation and ... EURAFCENT provides the shore support to the United States Naval Forces Europe-Africa, however it is a part of Commander, Navy ... On April 21, 2009, Navy Region Europe officially changed its name to Commander Navy Region Europe, Africa, Southwest Asia. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navy_Region_Europe,_Africa,_Central

... a country in Central Africa A person native or indigenous to Central Africa, or of Central African descent. For information ... "Central African". See Languages of the Central African Republic. Something of, from, or related to the Central African Empire ... Central African may refer to several places: Something of, from, or related to Central Africa, a region in the center of Africa ... about the Central African people, see Demographics of the Central African Republic and Culture of the Central African Republic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African

The Synod Central Africa is a regional governing body in the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa in Zimbabwe. In 1895 3 ... Finally the Dutch Reformed Church - Synod Central Africa ( the Nederduitse Gereformeerde Kerk - Sinode van Midde-Afrika in ... These churches are created by Dutch Reformed missionaries from South Africa. "Gemeentes". www.nhka.org. Archived from the ... Reformed denominations in Africa, 1895 establishments in the British Empire). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dutch_Reformed_Church_-_Synod_Central_Africa

Below is a list of the central banks and currencies of Africa. Africa portal Banks portal Africa Economy of Africa List of ... There are two African currency unions associated with multinational central banks; the West African Banque Centrale des États ... Articles with short description, Short description is different from Wikidata, Africa-related lists, Central banks, Currencies ... African countries by GDP (nominal) List of African stock exchanges List of currencies in Africa World Economic Outlook Database ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_central_banks_of_Africa

1960 establishments in the Central African Republic, Defunct political parties in the Central African Republic, Political ... Thomas O'Toole (1986) The Central African Republic: The Continent's Hidden Heart, Westview Press v t e v t e (Articles ... Democratic Evolution Movement of Central Africa (French: Mouvement d'Evolution Démocratique de l'Afrique Centrale, MEDAC) was a ... political party in the Central African Republic led by Abel Goumba. MEDAC was founded in 1960 by Goumba and Pierre Maléombho, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Evolution_Movement_of_Central_Africa

The East and Central African cricket team continued to have ICC associate membership until 2003, when each of the member ... The East and Central Africa Cricket Conference was a regional body which organised cricket teams from Malawi, Tanzania, Uganda ... The team continued to be an associate member of the ICC until being replaced by the East and Central African cricket team in ... Sports governing bodies in Africa, Cricket in Africa, Cricket in East Africa). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_and_Central_Africa_Cricket_Conference

East and Central Africa Under-19s v West Africa Under-19s, Africa Under-19 Championship 2000/01 - CricketArchive. Retrieved 9 ... East and Central Africa Under-19s v Kenya Under-19s, Africa Under-19 Championship 2000/01 - CricketArchive. Retrieved 9 April ... East and Central Africa Under-19s v Namibia Under-19s, Africa Under-19 Championship 2000/01 - CricketArchive. Retrieved 9 April ... Uganda Under-19s v East and Central Africa Under-19s, Africa Under-19 Championship 2000/01 - CricketArchive. Retrieved 9 April ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_and_Central_Africa_cricket_team

Political parties in the Central African Republic, All stub articles, African political party stubs, Central African Republic ... The Party for Democracy in Central Africa (French: Parti pour la Démocratie en Centrafrique, PDCA) is a political party in the ... 2004 establishments in the Central African Republic, Political parties established in 2004, ... Central African Republic. Established on 22 February 2004, the party joined the National Convergence "Kwa Na Kwa" alliance for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_for_Democracy_in_Central_Africa

Africa portal Banks portal Abuja Treaty European Central Bank Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) Euro African ... The African Central Bank (ACB) is one of the original five financial institutions and specialized agencies of the African Union ... Banks of the African Union, Central banks, All stub articles, African bank stubs). ... Monetary Union Central African CFA franc The Common Monetary Area Eco (currency) Monetary union "Pan African remittances ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Central_Bank

... from UCB Libraries GovPubs Central African Republic at Curlie Wikimedia Atlas of the Central African ... Central African Republic portal Outline of the Central African Republic List of Central African Republic-related topics "2021 ... The Central African Republic is a member of the United Nations, the African Union, the Economic Community of Central African ... Central African countries, 1960 establishments in the Central African Republic, Countries in Africa, Observer states of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republic

... with Descriptions of the East African species". Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society and National Museum. 26 (3 ... It is known from highland forest in central Kenya and also in Zimbabwe. The length of the forewings is about 24 mm for males ... Retrieved 2011-10-25.[permanent dead link] Carcasson, R. H. (1967). "Revised Catalogue of the African Sphingidae (Lepidoptera) ... Moths of Africa, All stub articles, Macroglossini stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temnora_subapicalis

Central African Rep.), Benjamin Eze (Nigeria), Tomas Ress, Marco Carraretto, Luca Lechthaler, David Cournooh (Ghana). Coach: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroleague_2008–09_Rosters

Irish Central. "James P Mahon". RTE. 11 May 2017. Erik Avanier (21 December 2020). "Britain hit with travel bans over new virus ... "African Smartphone Film Festival 2019, 6 December 2019". africansmartphonefilmfest.com. Archived from the original on 12 ... James Mahon (22 March 2021). "Irish songstress Imelda May is back with a new album". Irish Central. James Mahon. "Research ... African Smartphone International Film Festival, "BEST DOCUMENTARY INTERNATIONAL", The Mojo Revolution News, 2019, White Unicorn ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_P_Mahon

Velouchiotis returned to Central Greece and made a speech in his native town, Lamia. ".......Who therefore is a patriot? They ... two months earlier-to Erwin Rommel's German forces in Northern Africa, as it took place one month after the commencement of the ... He was denounced by the KKE Central Committee and increasingly isolated, until he was ambushed with his unit in the mountain of ... Velouchiotis moved again to the mountains of Central Greece in order to start an insurgency (see Greek Civil War) against the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aris_Velouchiotis

The athletics team Central Athletic Club are based at the University of Stirling. The University Stirling Wanderers Hockey Club ... These prams were exported to Canada, South America, India and South Africa. The Princes Street drill hall was completed in 1908 ... To the north, the M9 provides access to Dunblane with easy links to Perth and further beyond the Central Belt. Stirling has no ... The East Central Lowlands (Stirling, Falkirk & Kilsyth)] - Pont 32". National Library of Scotland. Archived from the original ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling

2003 - Nireah Johnson was a 17 year old African American trans girl who was murdered along with her friend Brandie Coleman in ... at Kern Valley State Prison in California's Central Valley. 2013 - Islan Nettles, a 21-year-old black trans woman, was beaten ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_killed_for_being_transgender

Lulu Dikana, 35, South African recording artist and vocalist, oesophageal perforation. Hubert Egger, 87, German cross country ... central figure in the Thorpe affair, Parkinson's disease. Rudolf Vanmoerkerke, 90, Belgian businessman. Yashaw Adem, Turkish ... African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem). Fatima Aouam, 55, Moroccan Olympic runner (1988). Hans-Christian Bartel, 82, German ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deaths_in_December_2014

North Africa, the Horn of Africa, and Central Asia. Greater Syria Fertile Crescent Levantine Sea Near East Ancient Near East ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Eastern Mediterranean, Regions of Africa, Regions of ... and a central part of the Mediterranean, the Ionian Sea, thus southern Albania in Southeast Europe reaching, west, to Italy's ... Eurasia, Geography of the Mediterranean, Geography of the Middle East, Geography of North Africa, Geography of Southeastern ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean

One of the Alids, Idris ibn Abdallah, flees to the Maghreb in western North Africa, where he later founds the Idrisid dynasty ... Central Greece and the Peloponnese. Staurakios restores a measure of Byzantine authority over these areas, and collects booty ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/780s

He was also Chairman of the Bluff Colliery Company and the Central Queensland Coal Board. Thompson moved to Sydney, New South ... was placed second in command of the second Queensland contingent to go to South Africa. He left Rockhampton on Christmas night ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thompson_(Australian_politician)

The original "remedy" for this problem was to help them go "back to Africa". The British had been doing this, in Sierra Leone, ... Its board intended it to be "a great central theological institution at Cincinnati - soon to become the great Andover or ... The problem had been solved, and in an honorable way; the former slaves would fare better in Africa, it was argued, among other ... Smith was for temperance, and according to him, the fact that blacks in Africa were allowed to import liquor from the United ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lane_Seminary

Sevens tournaments are known for recruiting foreign players from Africa, mainly from Ghana, Ivory Coast, and Nigeria. Despite ... Chandrasekharan Nair Stadium and Central Stadium whereas Kochi city has stadiums such as Jawaharlal Nehru International Stadium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sports_in_Kerala

The central theme of the Guide for Teachers was put succinctly enough in a forward: "The rank of teacher obligates them to try ... This one contained 61,700 words in 279 different languages (171 Asian, 55 European, 30 African and 22 American languages). ... known as the Central School Board from 1803). During his stay in Russia, Teodor held the rank of Brigadier. His son, Ivan ... of schools among the Serbs reflected the fact that the Serbian population tended to be concentrated in the southern and central ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodor_Janković-Mirijevski

Eesti Pank, the central bank of Estonia, produces official tourism travel statistics based on passive mobile positioning data ... Fast, L., Waugaman, A. (2016). "Fighting Ebola with Information: Learning From Data and Information Flows in the West Africa ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_positioning_data

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Flora of West-Central Tropical Africa, Trees of Africa, Afrotropical realm flora, Vulnerable flora of Africa, Taxa named by ... It is found in Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic ... Albizia ferruginea in West African plants - A Photo Guide. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is ...

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Buffalo Thorn (Southern Africa) Ziziphus napeca Ziziphus nummularia (Burm.f.) Wight & Arn. (Thar Desert of South Asia) Ziziphus ... Ziziphus apetala Hook.f. ex M.A.Lawson Ziziphus attopensis Pierre Ziziphus budhensis Bhattarai & Pathak (Central Nepal) ... Dry zones of tropical Africa) Ziziphus angolito Standl. ... which is found from western Africa to India. Ziziphus joazeiro ...

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African-American academics, African-American dramatists and playwrights, African-American educators, African-American poets, ... New York: Grand Central Publishing. - (February 9, 2015). "Lottery tickets : grieving for a husband". Personal History. The New ... 20th-century African-American women, 20th-century African-American writers, 21st-century African-American women, 21st-century ... The title comes from Sarah Baartman, a 19th-century South African woman of the Khoikhoi ethnic group.: 10-11 Alexander is an ...

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Central Africa football club stubs). ... First Round African Club Competitions 2009 v t e (Articles ...

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Travel.State.Gov > Contact Info for Foreign Embassies & Consulates , Central African Republic ... Travel.State.Gov > Contact Info for Foreign Embassies & Consulates , Central African Republic ...

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The leading causes of displacement in CAR are the military operations by the Central African Armed Forces (FACA) and their ... For information about our work in the Central African Republic:. *For legislation, case law and UNHCR policy relating to claims ... Going home - Central African refugees hope to rebuild as peace gradually returns to their country ... The leading causes of displacement in CAR are the military operations by the Central African Armed Forces (FACA) and their ...

https://www.unhcr.org/pages/49e45c156.html

Most of the countries in west and central Africa have conducted annual NIDs since 1996. Despite the progress achieved by these ... The synchronization of NIDs in west and central Africa during 2000 and early 2001 is expected to reduce and eventually ... Experiences during this campaign will be useful in planning and implementing synchronized NIDs in central Africa, which are ... Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication --- West and Central Africa, 1999--2000. In 1988, the World Health Assembly of the ...

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... 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S ... Smallpox eradication in West and Central Africa revisited : commentary / W. H. Foege ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/handle/10665/260543/browse?authority=Africa%2C+Central&type=mesh

African States oversees the monetary system and issues currency for the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa ( ... XAF (Central African CFA Franc) The XAF (Central African CFA Franc) is the official currency of six central African countries. ... The Bank Of Central African States (BEAC) is the central bank of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC). ... What Is the Bank Of Central African States (BEAC)? The Banque des États de lAfrique Centrale (BEAC) is the central bank ...

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Create maps like this example called Central African Republic in minutes with SmartDraw. Youll also get map markers, pins, and ... Central African Republic. Create maps like this example called Central African Republic in minutes with SmartDraw. Youll also ...

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Many of our activities were carried out in collaboration with the Central African Red Cross Society. The ICRC has a delegation ... During 2017, the security situation deteriorated dramatically in the Central African Republic (CAR), causing massive ...

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"The Central African Republic is often overlooked, but this is one of the worst humanitarian crises in the world today, similar ... the volatile capital of the Central African Republic. Help Victims of ViolenceEscalating battles between warring militias have ... Seeking protection, tens of thousands of people have flooded Bangui, where troops with the United Nations and the African Union ... Crisis in the Central African Republic. March 29, 2014 • Central African Republic ...

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... 6 November 2009 ... creating a focal point for police co-operation across Central Africa and with each of the organizations 188 member countries. ... Noble said that the new offices will enable law enforcement across Central Africa to better share and analyse criminal ... The Yaoundé Regional Bureau, INTERPOLs fourth in Africa and sixth in the world, will provide support to each of the National ...

https://www.interpol.int/News-and-Events/News/2009/INTERPOL-Regional-Bureau-for-Central-Africa-officially-opened-in-Cameroon

It is like the Central African Republic is nothing to the African Union. I sometimes think, "What if justice could be done? ... A skull of a victim found in a mass grave near a peacekeeping base in Boali, Central African Republic. The victim is believed ... The AU, the UN, and judicial authorities in both Congo and the Central African Republic should work together to ensure there is ... New graves dug on the outskirts of Boali, Central African Republic, for the remains of at least 12 people murdered by Republic ...

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... the Central African Republic has been described as on the brink of genocide, so should the international community intervene? ... Central African Republic: suffering beyond imagination. Tit-for-tat killings, rape, refugees - the Central African Republic ... But the citizens of the Central African Republic do not just face death through the barrel of a gun, or pain at the hands of ... Decades of instability and fighting in the Central African Republic came to a crescendo in 2012 when a number of rebel groups ...

https://www.channel4.com/news/central-african-republic-the-forgotten-crisis

Official U.S. government health recommendations for traveling. Provided by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/central-african-republic/traveler/packing-list

Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo (Brazzaville), Equatorial Guinea, Gabon CMS, Gorilla Agreement 01.07.2019 ... Law N. 20.026 of 30 November 2020 on theCode of Management of Wildlife and Protected Areas in the Central African Republic ... Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo (Brazzaville), Côte dIvoire, Croatia, Czech Republic, Democratic Republic of ... African Dwarf Bittern Aves Ciconiiformes Ardeidae - / 1994 Gallinago gallinago Common Snipe Aves Charadriiformes Scolopacidae ...

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Activism / Africa / Congo / Democratic Republic of Congo (Zaire) / News / Sudan. Central African Ivory Wars Ravage Elephant ... Having seen elephants in the wilds of Africa with my own eyes I found it impossible to not be struck by the intelligence and ... The armies of some African nations are also likely being used in poaching operations as well. The Times says that armies from ... An ever-increasing demand for ivory on Asias black market is creating conflicts across Africa and having a devastating effect ...

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Find all about central-african-republic on Africanews ... Central African Republic Heavy floods in Central Africa leave ... Central African Republic Central African Republic: Roadside petrol kings in Bangui as fuel crisis drags on For years the ... Central African Republic Central Africa says border nation bombed its troops and Russian allies "This aircraft, after ... Central African Republic launches project for its own cryptocurrency and crypto-hub 04/07 - 13:04 ...

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Explore a list of Central African University libraries. ... Central African University Libraries Central African University ... This uniRank page features a list of Central African academic / University libraries of higher-education institutions meeting ... being chartered, licensed and/or accredited by the appropriate Central African higher education-related organization ... Universities in North America Universities in Latin America Universities in Europe Universities in Africa Universities in Asia ...

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Using panel data for remittance-receiving countries in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia, three types of results ... this impact was particularly strong for several countries in the Caucasus and Central Asia, whereas in the subsequent recovery ... Remittances Channel and Fiscal Impact in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia. Author/Editor:. Yasser Abdih ; Ralph ... Using panel data for remittance-receiving countries in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia, three types of results ...

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... was 0.04 Kilograms Per Hectare. Discover more data with ... How does Central African Republic rank in Phosphate Fertilizer use on Crops?. #. 153 Countries. Kilograms Per Hectare. Last. ... Central African Republic - Phosphate Fertilizer use on Crops Kilograms Per Hectare - 1961 to 2019 ... How does Central African Republic perform in the Fertilizer industry?. Fertilizer Consumption in Central African Republic. ...

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St. Joseph Communications uses cookies for personalization, to customize its online advertisements, and for other purposes. Learn more or change your cookie preferences. By continuing to use our service, you agree to our use of cookies ...

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Hagel orders airlift for Central African Republic By LOLITA C. BALDOR, Associated Press , Posted - Dec. 9, 2013 at 5:32 p.m. ... There are more than 1,000 French troops in the Central African Republic, where more than 400 people were killed in two days of ... Addressing his remarks to the proud citizens of the Central African Republic, Obama said citizens have the power to choose a ... Hagels order came hours before President Barack Obama recorded an audio message urging calm in the Central African Republic. ...

https://www.ksl.com/article/27961730

The UN peacekeeping mission in Central African Republic is requesting about 750 more troops to help fill a security vacuum ... The UN peacekeepers earlier this year forced the ex-Seleka rebel group Union for the Peace in Central African Republic out of ... Bangui - The United Nations peacekeeping mission in Central African Republic is requesting about 750 more troops to help fill a ... in Central African Republic, which has seen a 37 percent increase in refugees and displaced people in the past three months. ...

https://www.news24.com/News24/un-seeks-more-peacekeepers-for-central-african-republic-20170916

Chad has been pretty quiet for the past three years but neighboring Central African Republic (CAR) failed to fulfill a peace ... There are also 400 African peacekeepers from ECCAS (Economic Community of Central African States). These troops are from Chad ... January 7, 2013: Chad has been pretty quiet for the past three years but neighboring Central African Republic (CAR) failed to ... But he is head-of-state and African countries tend to help each other out to preserve current governments. Several African ...

https://www.strategypage.com/qnd/chad/articles/20130107.aspx

Bloodshed Continues in the Central African Republic. Bloodshed Continues in the Central African Republic. 06/13/2019 Central ... Christians in Central African Republic Send Bibles to Their Persecutors Christians in Central African Republic Send Bibles to ... A Central African Catholic Priest Fatally Wounded Inside St. Josephs Cathedral. ICC Note: Central African Republic is in ... Militiamen Killed a UN Peacekeeper in Central African Republic. Militiamen Killed a UN Peacekeeper in Central African Republic ...

https://www.persecution.org/category/central-african-republic/

Blog, Central African Republic. Today, a Central African Republican militia commander, Patrice-Edouard Ngaissona, was arrested ... Mapping the Web of Armed Groups in the Central African Republic. Enough Team November 6, 2018. Central African Republic, Press ... and an Escalating Violent Crisis in the Central African Republic. Enough Team November 6, 2018. Central African Republic, ... Blog, Central African Republic. The ICC made major strides last week in a lower-profile investigation into atrocity crimes in ...

https://enoughproject.org/conflicts/central-african-republic/content

Central African Republic Situation Report for the VDPV2 Response N°4 from June 22 to 28, 2019 ... WHO Ethiopia hosts a high-level summit on appropriate use of antimicrobials in Africa ... WHO Ethiopia hosts a high-level summit on appropriate use of antimicrobials in Africa ... WHO Ethiopia hosts a high-level summit on appropriate use of antimicrobials in Africa ...

https://www.afro.who.int/node/906

As reported by Bitcoin.com News in May 2022, the Tanzanian central bank said it planned to launch its CBDC because this had become a trend among central banks. (hypeanalyst.com)
From 1 January to 4 July 2022, 6027 laboratory confirmed cases of monkeypox and three deaths have been reported to WHO from 59 countries/territories/areas in five WHO Regions (African Region, Region of the Americas, Eastern Mediterranean Region, European Region, Western Pacific Region) (Table 1). (who.int)

Using panel data for remittance-receiving countries in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia, three types of results emerge. (imf.org)
BUDAPEST, Hungary - Science diplomacy could help renew long-standing research and education networks linking nations of Central Europe and North Africa, with broad potential benefits for both regions, high-ranking officials said at a roundtable organized by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and TWAS. (twas.org)
The download music and the play of power in the middle east north africa will verify denied to your Kindle access. (posof.net)
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Is the Kony 2012 video just propaganda to send U.S. troops into Uganda so America can seize the African nation's recently discovered oil reserves? (ibtimes.com)
The Agency presents here the second volume in the series, which includes wider geographical coverage and is based on data from 27 registries in 14 countries in Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and Central America. (who.int)
Other arenaviruses from South America and Africa are classic causes of viral hemorrhagic fever syndrome, whereas others have been identified but not found to cause disease or even infection in humans. (medscape.com)
Or Central America. (chicagomag.com)
America and many South American and European countries, but it is still the source of most human rabies cases in other areas, primarily in many African and Asian countries. (cdc.gov)
While the production and use of asbestos in the United States and Western Europe has declined in recent years as a result of health concerns and bans on many of its uses, there continues to be extensive sales and use of asbestos in South and Central America, Asia, and Africa. (cdc.gov)
Most confirmed cases with travel history reported travel to countries in Europe and North America, rather than West or Central Africa where the monkeypox virus is endemic. (bvsalud.org)

Samaritan's Purse is rushing food and hygiene items to displaced families who are struggling for survival in makeshift camps in Bangui, the volatile capital of the Central African Republic. (samaritanspurse.org)
Seeking protection, tens of thousands of people have flooded Bangui, where troops with the United Nations and the African Union patrol the streets, supported by tanks. (samaritanspurse.org)
Above: fighters from the Seleka group, which was supposedly dissolved in September 2013, patrol the Central African Republic's capital Bangui on 3 December 2013. (channel4.com)
On 24 March 2013, after rebels reached the presidential palace in the Central African Republic's capital Bangui, Seleka leader Michel Djotodia replaced Francois Bozize as president. (channel4.com)
Bangui - The United Nations peacekeeping mission in Central African Republic is requesting about 750 more troops to help fill a "security vacuum" worsened by the withdrawal of US special forces as violence surges again, according to a confidential cable obtained by The Associated Press. (news24.com)
Around 700 representatives from politics and civil society are meeting in the Central African Republic's(CAR) capital Bangui for a weeklong meeting starting on Monday (04.05.2015). (dw.com)
BANGUI, Central African Republic-To locals, he is known simply as "Force. (foreignpolicy.com)
Since late 2013, he has dominated PK5 , a densely populated neighborhood in the third district of Bangui, the capital of the Central African Republic. (foreignpolicy.com)
French soldiers leave their base at Mpoko International Airport in Bangui, Central African Republic, on Saturday. (nydailynews.com)
BANGUI, Central African Republic - France unexpectedly raised its troop deployment in Central African Republic by hundreds of soldiers on Saturday, as Christians fearing reprisal attacks sought refuge from Muslim former rebels who control the country in wake of massacres in the capital. (nydailynews.com)
Family members of Thierry Tresor Zumbeti grieve outside his home in Bangui, Central African Republic on Saturday. (nydailynews.com)
The body of Thierry Tresor Zumbeti is prepared for burial by his relatives Saturday in the Central African Republic capital of Bangui. (nydailynews.com)
2006 Central African Republic, Bangui la coquette. (afromix.org)
Prosecutor Karim Khan on Monday said that Said should be found guilty for his alleged leadership role at a detention center in the capital, Bangui, called the Central Office for the Repression of Banditry, from April to August 2013. (seattlepi.com)

03/19/2021 Central African Republic (International Christian Concern) - Mission Network News recently reported that suffering Christians in the Central African Republic are seeking to. (persecution.org)

The number of confirmed polio cases in the West Africa Region, Cameroon, and Chad decreased from 1309 in 1999 to 879 in 2000. (cdc.gov)
To maximize the number of susceptible children reached during NIDs, 14 contiguous countries in the West Africa Region and Cameroon and Chad conducted synchronized NIDs against polio during October and November 2000 and January 2001. (cdc.gov)
In late 2016, a new management team was announced, which included Abbas Mahamat Tolli from Chad and Dieudonné Evou Mekou from Cameroon who had been appointed at the 27th Special Session of Heads of State of the Economic Community of Central African States (CEMAC) in Malabo. (investopedia.com)
YAOUNDÉ, Cameroon - INTERPOL's Regional Bureau in Cameroon was officially opened on Thursday, creating a focal point for police co-operation across Central Africa and with each of the organization's 188 member countries. (interpol.int)
At the opening ceremony - attended by Peter Agbor Tabi, Minister, Deputy Secretary General at the Presidency and Emmanuel Edou, Delegate General for National Safety of Cameroon and CAPCCO Chairman - INTERPOL Secretary General Ronald K. Noble said that the new offices will enable law enforcement across Central Africa to better share and analyse criminal information. (interpol.int)
In this image, Chad lies northwest, Sudan to the northeast, and the Central African Republic lies in the center, widely covered with red "hotspots", With fewer fires, the Democratic Republic of Congo lies in the south, and Cameroon is found on the far left (west) edge. (spaceref.com)
WHO has emphasized that the response wave in Cameroon, Africa, it was one of many health to COVID-19 must utilize and strengthen existing priorities with a relatively low impact with less than 8 infrastructures to control malaria and other infectious million cumulative cases and less than 160,000 deaths [3]. (bvsalud.org)

Most of the fires were burning in the Central African Republic, southern Chad, southwestern Sudan and the northwestern corner of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. (spaceref.com)
The Central African Republic (CAR) is a landlocked country in Central Africa, bordered by Chad in the north, Sudan in the northeast, South Sudan in the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo in the south and Cameroon in the west. (cdc.gov)

Nairobi) - Soldiers from the Republic of Congo killed at least 18 people, including women and children, between December 2013 and June 2015 while serving as peacekeepers in the Central African Republic . (hrw.org)
The discovery of 12 bodies is damning evidence of an appalling crime by Congolese peacekeepers, who had been sent to protect people, not prey on them," said Lewis Mudge , Africa researcher at Human Rights Watch. (hrw.org)
These crimes took place while the peacekeepers served in the African Union (AU) peacekeeping mission, known as MISCA, and in the United Nations peacekeeping mission, known as MINUSCA. (hrw.org)
The additional peacekeepers, if granted, also may be used to push out the ex-Seleka rebel group Popular Front for the Renaissance of Central African Republic. (news24.com)
The UN peacekeepers earlier this year forced the ex-Seleka rebel group Union for the Peace in Central African Republic out of the central mining town of Bambari. (news24.com)
8,500 UN peacekeepers are currently stationed in the Central African Republic, supported by the French Operation Sangaris. (dw.com)
Yet despite the presence of the peacekeepers, the Central African Republic remains far from stable. (dw.com)
Since independence from France in 1960, the Central African Republic has seen repeated military coups, the presence of the peacekeepers and several attempts of reconciliation. (dw.com)
U.N. peacekeepers from Gabon patrol in Bria, Central African Republic, on June 12, 2017. (foreignpolicy.com)
Three Bangladeshi peacekeepers were killed and another was injured, as an improvised explosive device went off in Kaita area of the Central African Republic on Monday. (thedailystar.net)
The other Bangladeshi peacekeepers deployed in the Central African Republic are safe, said the release, adding that the bodies of the three peacekeepers will be brought back home soon. (thedailystar.net)
Who are Anti-Balaka, Militia killing Moroccan Peacekeepers in Central African Republic? (moroccoworldnews.com)

Resveratrol also significantly reduced the replication of monkeypox virus, a zoonotic virus that is endemic in Western and Central Africa and causes human mortality. (researchgate.net)
Monkeypox was limited to the rain forests of central and western Africa until 2003, when the first cases in the Western Hemisphere were reported. (medscape.com)
Monkeypox is endemic to several Central and West African nations. (cdc.gov)
Recent cases outside of Africa either reported recent travel to one of these countries or contact with a person with confirmed monkeypox. (cdc.gov)
This is the first time that local transmission of monkeypox has been reported in newly-affected countries without epidemiological links to countries that have previously reported monkeypox in West or Central Africa. (who.int)

Chad has been pretty quiet for the past three years but neighboring Central African Republic (CAR) failed to fulfill a peace deal worked out five years ago. (strategypage.com)
In an interview with Catholic charity Aid to the Church in Need, Bishop Juan José Aguirre Muñoz of Bangassou condemned what he called a "secret agenda" involving the Gulf states as well as "countries hiding in the shadows" such as Chad, Niger, Sudan, Libya and other Islamic nations in Africa. (zenit.org)

The aim of this study was to estimate the malaria transmission intensity in 2 different ecological zones in a highly endemic malaria area of Sennar state in central Sudan over the main transmission period. (who.int)
The endemic form of Kaposi's sarcoma, present in Africa (mainly in the south of the Sahara Desert), is relatively rare, but more aggressive. (bvsalud.org)

Results of search for 'su:{Africa, Central. (who.int)

In December 2019, the heads of the eight countries that comprise the West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU), and the larger 15-member Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) announced the CFA Franc would soon be renamed the Eco and have fewer ties to France going forward. (investopedia.com)
06/13/2019 Central African Republic (International Christian Concern) - Fifty people were reportedly killed and several others wounded in an armed attack in the northwestern region of. (persecution.org)
05/31/2019 CAR (International Christian Concern) - More than 30 people were killed in the past two weeks in continued violence in the Central African Republic, including a Catholic nun. (persecution.org)

Since 1995, synchronized mass campaigns conducted by 18 countries from the Middle East, Central Asia, and the Caucasus regions (MECACAR) achieved high vaccination coverage. (cdc.gov)
While nations of Eastern and Central Europe are often dealing with financial constraints and brain drain, Salwa added, exploring those issues and finding valuable joint projects could aid both regions. (twas.org)

After months of violence, the Central African Republic's political and civil society are meeting for reconciliation talks. (dw.com)
Most of the displaced in Central African Republic's capital are Christian since the ex-Seleka rebels have not targeted Muslim neighborhoods. (nydailynews.com)
These data summarize vaccine introduction status in Central African Republic's in the national immunization programme. (who.int)

12/11/2018 CAR (International Christian Concern) - Attacks on church run refugee camps continued in the Central African Republic last week. (persecution.org)
11/28/2018 CAR (International Christian Concern) - Two priests were killed on November 15 during an attack on a small town in the Central African Republic (CAR). (persecution.org)

In 2000, poliovirus was isolated from 24 countries, 13 in the African Region of WHO (AFR). (cdc.gov)
Most of the countries in west and central Africa have conducted annual NIDs since 1996. (cdc.gov)
The currency would still be pegged to the euro but the African countries won't have to keep 50% of their reserves in the French Treasury and won't have to keep a French representative on the currency union's board. (investopedia.com)
In the case of the 2009 global downturn, this impact was particularly strong for several countries in the Caucasus and Central Asia, whereas in the subsequent recovery in 2010 virtually all receiving countries benefitted from an upturn in remittance-driven tax revenues. (imf.org)
Those who commit crimes should be arrested, Obama said, adding that the United States will support the efforts of African countries and the French to restore security and protect civilians. (ksl.com)
But he is head-of-state and African countries tend to help each other out to preserve current governments. (strategypage.com)
The outcome of the work undertaken at the seminar has highlighted the favourable economic developments in the majority of the countries of west and central Africa between 1999 and 2005, a period that saw an overall increase in the price of commodities, which play a key role in these countries' economies. (europa.eu)
However, the participants stressed that the main challenge now for the countries of west and central Africa is to sustain non-inflationary economic growth. (europa.eu)
Central African Republic (CAR) is one of the world?s poorest and most neglected countries with an average life expectancy of 39 years. (afromix.org)
This head offi ce is the headquarters of their operations in 27 African countries. (nyongesasande.com)
You can also add to this already lethal mix the many rebellions in countries like the Congo and the Central African Republic and criminal violence in South Africa, Zimbabwe, etc. (militaryecology.com)
Islamic financial institutions have been established in several African countries, including in South Africa, which is currently eyeing the launch of an Islamic sovereign bond issue. (gfmag.com)
During this period, the BOT said it found that other central banks had adopted the same posture, while six countries had chosen to cancel their CBDC adoption "mainly due to structural and technological challenges in the implementation phase. (hypeanalyst.com)
He has written extensively about the economic troubles of some African countries as well as how digital currencies can provide Africans with an escape route. (hypeanalyst.com)
More than 90% of the cobalt consumed in the United States is imported and about one-half of these imports originate in Zaire and other countries in central Africa. (cdc.gov)

The book Central African Forests Forever is a key source of information and new of its kind, by its content and by its form. (centralafricanforests.org)
By its content because it treats the fundamental issues of the Central African forests of today and tomorrow, taking technological as well as social aspects into account. (centralafricanforests.org)

Specimens were collected from unrelated apparently healthy males, blood donors from Equatorial Guinea (Central Africa). (astm.org)

07/14/2020 Central African Republic (International Christian Concern) - On Monday, July 13th, the armed militiamen killed a Rwandan United Nations (U.N.) peacekeeper, injuring two. (persecution.org)

DOHA, Qatar (AP) - Defense Secretary Chuck Hagel has ordered the U.S. military to transport troops from Burundi into the Central African Republic to help quell the latest upsurge in violence there. (ksl.com)
Le Drian asked the U.S. to help get African troops quickly into the country to prevent the violence there from spreading, said Pentagon spokesman Carl Woog. (ksl.com)
There are more than 1,000 French troops in the Central African Republic, where more than 400 people were killed in two days of violence last week between Christians and Muslims. (ksl.com)
The official said there would be no other U.S. troops on the ground except any air crew needed for the flights into the Central African Republic. (ksl.com)
Several African nations have pledged troops to help protect the Bozize government. (strategypage.com)
U.S. President Barack Obama has ordered that approximately 100 American troops be dispatched to central Africa to help hunt down and find the Lord's Resistance Army's notorious leader Joseph Kony. (ibtimes.com)
French armored personnel carriers and troops from the regional African peacekeeping mission roared at high speed down Bangui's roads, as families carrying palm fronds pushed coffins in carts on the roads' shoulders. (nydailynews.com)
Colonialism Reparation calls on France to carry out the immediate withdrawal of its troops and asks that the armed forces of the Central African Republic be placed side by side only with the support mission of the African Union (MISCA) without any support missions of the European Union and the UN. (colonialismreparation.org)
The United Nations has asked Brazil to send troops to join its peace mission in the Central African Republic, said Jean-Pierre Lacroix, the U.N.'s head of peacekeeping operations, in an interview on Monday. (mercopress.com)

During 2017, the security situation deteriorated dramatically in the Central African Republic (CAR), causing massive displacement of rural communities as a result of fighting between a proliferation of armed groups and other arms carriers. (icrc.org)

Rwanda SAVES 'Unwanted AFRICANS' From [email protected] In Libya! (fashioncentralafrica.com)

Substantial progress in polio eradication occurred during 1999--2000 in west and central Africa. (cdc.gov)

Executing food and nutrition programmes in East, Central and Southern Africa : experience and practice, proceedings of a workshop held in Harare (Zimbabwe, 22 August - 2 September 1983 / edited by F. van der Haar. (who.int)

A former Central African Republic rebel commander pleaded not guilty at the International Criminal Court on Monday (September 26) at the start of his trial on charges of "awful" war crimes. (msn.com)
Decades of instability and fighting in the Central African Republic came to a crescendo in 2012 when a number of rebel groups allied to form the Seleka. (channel4.com)
That kind of cash has lured in organized crime syndicates in China that work with rebel resistance groups throughout Africa who obtain the ivory by hunting down and slaughtering elephants in the wild. (gadling.com)
President Barack Obama said on Friday he was sending about 100 U.S. military advisers to Uganda to support central African allies pursuing Joseph Kony, leader of the Lord's Resistance Army, and other rebel commanders. (ibtimes.com)
The trial of an alleged commander in a mainly Muslim rebel group from Central African Republic opened and charged Said with crimes against humanity and war crimes. (seattlepi.com)
THE HAGUE, Netherlands (AP) - A defense lawyer for an alleged Central African Republic rebel told International Criminal Court judges Tuesday that prosecution evidence that led to him being charged with seven counts of crimes against humanity and war crimes is unreliable and "built on a biased and sketchy narrative. (seattlepi.com)
After having controlled most parts of the country by the Central African Armed Forces (FACA), terrorist rebel groups continue to carry out terrorist attacks from time to time with the support of external forces, including MINUSCA units. (afriquemedia.tv)
The Central African Republic (CAR) experienced a civil war that largely involved the government, rebel groups and armed militia. (ippf.org)

It is estimated that 70% of the ivory finds its way into that country and last year more than 150 Chinese citizens were arrested in Africa on charges of smuggling ivory. (gadling.com)
But any request for more resources for the UN mission is challenged by pressure from the Trump administration to cut peacekeeping budgets, even though the US ambassador to the UN, Nikki Haley, met with Central African Republic President Faustin Touadera in March and reaffirmed US support for the country. (news24.com)
or an organization or company located in more than one city, state or country, with central administration for all locations. (astm.org)
The Gulf states - with the complicity of Islamic nations in Africa - stand accused of masterminding a "secret agenda" to invade the Central African Republic, drive out non-Muslims and divide the country in two. (zenit.org)
According to residents who witnessed the helicopter, this operation is not a strange thing for them and it usually happens, they also point out that the United Nations mission is transferring to Bambari armed elements of Union for Peace in the Central African Republic (UPC) which are still active in the country. (afriquemedia.tv)
The Central African government is trying to rebuild the country that suffered from terrorist attacks in recent years. (afriquemedia.tv)
Below in the list are the operating international airports of the country Central African Republic with information for passengers. (airports-online.org)
It will link Lothair in South Africa with Sidvokodvo in Swaziland, a landlocked country, to facilitate trade and reduce transportation costs. (gfmag.com)
Congolese authorities have taken action Sunday after two people were killed by fire stemming from the United Nations peacekeeping forces stationed in the violence-torn African country, it was announced Sunday. (mercopress.com)
It will promote African publishing by encouraging writers to publish in their country or regional journals. (who.int)

The leading causes of displacement in CAR are the military operations by the Central African Armed Forces (FACA) and their allies against non-state armed groups, as well as fear of abuses by parties to the conflict. (unhcr.org)

The Yaoundé Regional Bureau, INTERPOL's fourth in Africa and sixth in the world, will provide support to each of the National Central Bureaus (NCBs) in the region across a range of crime areas, including maritime piracy, trafficking in human beings, armed robbery, trafficking in stolen vehicles and drugs. (interpol.int)
Enrica Picco is an international lawyer and independent researcher on the central Africa region, with more than ten years of experience combining humanitarian work with research and lectures. (africanarguments.org)
States in the East South Central region had the highest (5.7%) and the Middle Atlantic region the lowest (3.9%) prevalence of hearing disability. (cdc.gov)
The goal of this database is to share information on the technological innovations used in fighting the pandemic that have already made a difference in other parts of the World for adaptation and scaling in the African region. (who.int)

Striking oil workers in Gabon stopped the African country's estimated 240,000 barrels of daily crude oil production, a union official told Reuters on Saturday. (ibtimes.com)

These topics will be explored using best practices from the World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA) and case studies from the field coming from all over the African continent. (classcentral.com)

Africa, where the presumed natural reservoirs of the virus exist. (cdc.gov)

Amazing work about solutions in nature conservation and sustainable development in Central Africa. (centralafricanforests.org)
This course will help you learn about conservation challenges in Africa and how protected areas can help face them - from the local level to an international scale. (classcentral.com)

A WikiLeaks memo dated July 7, 2009, stated that Gabonese officials working for the Bank of Central African States stole $36 million over a period of five years from pooled reserves and gave the majority of the money to members of France's two main political parties. (investopedia.com)
The seminar provided a platform for multilateral dialogue among governors on the following three main issues: regional economic integration, the impact of commodity price developments on monetary and fiscal policies and the governance of central banks. (europa.eu)

Filoviruses, which comprise 4 Ebola viruses pathogenic to humans and 1 Marburg virus species, have caused multiple outbreaks of hemorrhagic fever primarily in central and eastern Africa. (cdc.gov)

Randgold Resources is pointing to Congo as the next area to fuel growth for the gold sector, eyeing prospects similar to those of booming West Africa as the miner nears production for Kibali, potentially one of Africa's largest gold mines. (ibtimes.com)
It is written in a very accessible way and therefore of interest to anybody who wants to know more about the Congo Basin rainforest and central Africa. (centralafricanforests.org)

Over nine months, the weak Central African Republic (CAR) state has collapsed, triggering a serious humanitarian crisis, with 400,000 displaced and nearly half the population in need of assistance. (ethz.ch)

The Central African Republic is often overlooked, but this is one of the worst humanitarian crises in the world today, similar to tragedies in Syria and South Sudan in terms of size and the number of people affected. (samaritanspurse.org)
Reporters took to the streets of cities in South Sudan, Central African Republic and Afghanistan to ask people what the impact of the coronavirus pandemic is on their lives. (afromix.org)

Travelers such as veterinarians and wildlife professionals may be at risk if they work with infected animals including in areas where wild animals are known to be infected such as Central and West Africa. (cdc.gov)

After the operation succeeded in evacuating the people and dismantling the explosive devices, officials from the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) were informed of the incident. (afriquemedia.tv)
Brazil will join the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic, Minusca, the United Nations has announced. (mercopress.com)

In 2016, an estimated 1.5 million adolescent girls and young women were living with HIV infection in Eastern and Southern Africa, where HIV prevalence among adolescent girls and young women is more than twice that of their male peers. (cdc.gov)
In 2016, an estimated 1.5 million females aged 15-24 years were living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in Eastern and Southern Africa, where the prevalence of HIV infection among adolescent girls and young women (3.4%) is more than double that for males in the same age range (1.6%) ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)

The Banque des États de l'Afrique Centrale (BEAC) is the central bank serving the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC). (investopedia.com)
CEMAC is a member of the larger African Economic Community. (investopedia.com)
The Bank Of Central African States (BEAC) is the central bank of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC). (investopedia.com)
Economic growth in the six-nation Central African CEMAC bloc will reach 4.8 percent in 2011, up from 4 percent last year, the grouping's regional central bank said on Thursday. (ibtimes.com)

Rebels in the Central African Republic. (ethz.ch)

The current levels of bushmeat harvesting, combined with other human-made pressures, are likely to drive many African species to extinction and disrupt ecological processes. (ucl.ac.uk)

Rivals to Central African Republic leader Francois Bozize pulled their representatives off the election body on Saturday, alleging fraud after early partial results from last weekend's poll put Bozize in the lead. (ibtimes.com)

Obama taped the message Monday in Dakar, Senegal, as Air Force One was refueling on its way to South Africa for a memorial service honoring former President Nelson Mandela, who died last week. (ksl.com)

At the height of the Cold War, universities in Eastern and Central Europe were an important destination for young scientists from the developing world. (twas.org)
The Covid-19 pandemic created some waves in the foreign exchange markets over the last couple of years, but the re-emergence of global inflation and inflation-fighting central banks has truly rocked the currency world this year. (gfmag.com)

Following Northey's appointment as Governor of British East Africa and the assumption of command by van Deventer in 1917 the campaign finally came under a single commander and less disparate. (gweaa.com)
Due to British control of the seas and radio stations, the German force in East Africa was cut off from the motherland although two supply ships were able to get through the blockade. (gweaa.com)
In 2006 The Coca-Cola Company Ltd made a decision to build their regional East & Central Africa Office Headquarters in the Upper Hill area of Nairobi. (nyongesasande.com)
Or east Africa. (chicagomag.com)

In the week of 2 December 2013], the UN Security Council unanimously authorized France and African Union forces to use "all necessary measures" to protect civilians. (ethz.ch)

After decades of fighting, violence, starvation and homelessness have become the norm in the Central African Republic where the UN estimates half the population needs humanitarian aid. (channel4.com)
An ever-increasing demand for ivory on Asia's black market is creating conflicts across Africa and having a devastating effect on the elephant population there. (gadling.com)
Population et santé familiale en Afrique centrale / Richard Dackam Ngatchou, Raphaël Mfoulou et Mpembele Sala-Diakanda. (who.int)
To screen the haemophilia A population in central SA for inv22 using two novel detection methods . (bvsalud.org)

The Office of the Prosecutor expresses its concerns over the unfolding events in the Central African Republic (CAR), and in particular reports of serious on-going crimes. (ethz.ch)

How much longer we need to wait before the international community react to this and many other similar conflicts across Africa? (militaryecology.com)

The interplay between anthropogenic forcing and internal variability associated with the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation has exacerbated agricultural droughts over southern Central Asia since 1992, according to large ensemble simulations. (nature.com)

For information on the country's civil airports Central African RepublicSelect a city name from the list and click on it. (airports-online.org)

They noted the implications of independence in terms of transparency and public accountability, as well as the multiple facets of good internal governance at central banks. (europa.eu)

Having seen elephants in the wilds of Africa with my own eyes I found it impossible to not be struck by the intelligence and nobility of those animals. (gadling.com)

Download the full report By Nathalia Dukhan Executive Summary Five years after war broke out in the Central African Republic (CAR), the conflict has no end in sight. (enoughproject.org)
Back in October , we wrote in one of our social networks about the new conflict dynamic fast evolving in Africa. (militaryecology.com)
The Central African Republic have become the focus of attention this month, as there many of the conflict trends noted above have found a fertile ground to blend and energize one another. (militaryecology.com)

The synchronization of NIDs in west and central Africa during 2000 and early 2001 is expected to reduce and eventually eliminate wild poliovirus transmission. (cdc.gov)
The Banque de France and the European Central Bank (ECB) have jointly organised a seminar for the Eurosystem central banks and the central banks of west and central Africa, held on 1 February 2007 in Paris. (europa.eu)
The participants also conducted an exchange of views on the governance of central banks, in particular on the progress made in west and central Africa as regards the independence of central banks. (europa.eu)
Village water supply and groundwater resources in West and Central Africa. (who.int)
Social accountability in primary health care in West and Central Africa: exploring the role of health facility committees. (bvsalud.org)

Judge must now decide contested adoption of 6-year-old girl from Central Africa | Pittsburgh Post-Gazette (post-gazette.com)

Journals | Royal Museum for Central Africa - Tervuren - Belgium (africamuseum.be)

The permanent collection | Royal Museum for Central Africa - Tervuren - Belgium (africamuseum.be)

Have the Lungs of our Planet been pushed to their limits? | Royal Museum for Central Africa - Tervuren - Belgium (africamuseum.be)

April 2016 - Central Africa Phonebook (centralafricaphonebook.com)

Prism Pages gives voice to LGBTQ+ writers and artists - Central Africa Phonebook (centralafricaphonebook.com)

Thunder Bay Yellow Pages phone book gets a makeover - Central Africa Phonebook (centralafricaphonebook.com)

Find Addiction Rehabs Offers a Guide to Finding Fentanyl Detox Near Me - Central Africa Phonebook (centralafricaphonebook.com)

Cluster Director Operations - Central Africa job | Operations jobs at DPDHL (careers.dhl.com)

La Camerounaise Solange Yana aux commandes de Wafacash Central Africa - Financial Afrik (financialafrik.com)

Memoirs and Biographies of Famous Children's Book Authors Adafruit Industries - Makers, Hackers, Artists, Designers and... — Memoirs and Biographies of Famous Children's Book Authors "Adafruit Industries - Makers, Hackers, Artists, Designers and... (centralafricaphonebook.com)

Pathogens | Free Full-Text | Campylobacter at the Human-Food Interface: The African Perspective (mdpi.com)

The Death Penalty in 2017: Facts and Figures - Amnesty International (amnesty.org)

Flooding in Nigeria (earthobservatory.nasa.gov)

Sparo Sport - East and Central Africa's Leading Brand (sparosport.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms21

Diseases27

Chemicals and Drugs13

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment29

Psychiatry and Psychology6

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations8

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena28

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Humanities2

Information Science12

Named Groups6

Health Care69

Geographicals56

Smallpox eradication in West and Central Africa.(1/125)

Unprecedented degree of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) group M genetic diversity in the Democratic Republic of Congo suggests that the HIV-1 pandemic originated in Central Africa. (2/125)

Short-course eflornithine in Gambian trypanosomiasis: a multicentre randomized controlled trial. (3/125)

Experimental oral polio vaccines and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. (4/125)

Progress toward poliomyelitis eradication--West and Central Africa, 1999-2000. (5/125)

Modeling and reinforcement to combat HIV: the MARCH approach to behavior change. (6/125)

Infertility in central Africa. (7/125)

RESPONSE OF VOLTA CHILDREN TO LIVE ATTENUATED MEASLES VIRUS VACCINE. (8/125)

Africa

South Africa

Africa South of the Sahara

Africa, Western

Africa, Southern

Africa, Eastern

Africa, Central

Africa, Northern

HIV Infections

Malaria

Guinea

Asia

Phylogeny

Cameroon

Geography

Developing Countries

Kenya

Uganda

History, Ancient

Emigration and Immigration

Tanzania

Benin

Ghana

Rural Population

Prevalence

Medicine, African Traditional

Burkina Faso

Phylogeography

Genetic Variation

Middle East

Mali

Travel

Malawi

Gambia

Togo

Antimalarials

Cote d'Ivoire

Zimbabwe

South America

Anti-Retroviral Agents

Malaria, Falciparum

Zambia

Gabon

Anti-HIV Agents

Hominidae

Niger

Climate

Fossils

Archaeology

Mozambique

Genetics, Population

Human Migration

Rural Health

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Disease Outbreaks

Nigeria

Congo

Rain

Botswana

Guinea-Bissau

Anopheles

Insect Vectors

Endemic Diseases

Chad

Mosquito Control

World Health

Plasmodium falciparum

Sierra Leone

Namibia

Rift Valley Fever

Anthropology, Physical

International Cooperation

Epidemics

Central African Republic

Americas

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Infant, Newborn

Europe

CD4 Lymphocyte Count

Circumcision, Male