Aflatoxin M1: A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).Aflatoxins: Furano-furano-benzopyrans that are produced by ASPERGILLUS from STERIGMATOCYSTIN. They are structurally related to COUMARINS and easily oxidized to an epoxide form to become ALKYLATING AGENTS. Members of the group include AFLATOXIN B1; aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2; AFLATOXIN M1; and aflatoxin M2.Aflatoxin B1: A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.Poisons: Substances which, when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed, or when applied to, injected into, or developed within the body in relatively small amounts may, by their chemical action, cause damage to structure or disturbance of function. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Drug Residues: Drugs and their metabolites which are found in the edible tissues and milk of animals after their medication with specific drugs. This term can also apply to drugs found in adipose tissue of humans after drug treatment.Food Contamination: The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.Aluminum Silicates: Any of the numerous types of clay which contain varying proportions of Al2O3 and SiO2. They are made synthetically by heating aluminum fluoride at 1000-2000 degrees C with silica and water vapor. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)Milk: The white liquid secreted by the mammary glands. It contains proteins, sugar, lipids, vitamins, and minerals.Aspergillus flavus: A species of imperfect fungi which grows on peanuts and other plants and produces the carcinogenic substance aflatoxin. It is also used in the production of the antibiotic flavicin.Ghana: A republic in western Africa, south of BURKINA FASO and west of TOGO. Its capital is Accra.Aspergillus: A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family Trichocomaceae.Liver Diseases: Pathological processes of the LIVER.Food Quality: Ratings of the characteristics of food including flavor, appearance, nutritional content, and the amount of microbial and chemical contamination.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.Access to Information: Individual's rights to obtain and use information collected or generated by others.Journal Impact Factor: A quantitative measure of the frequency on average with which articles in a journal have been cited in a given period of time.Food: Any substances taken in by the body that provide nourishment.Cheese: A nutritious food consisting primarily of the curd or the semisolid substance formed when milk coagulates.Dictionaries, MedicalDictionaries as Topic: Lists of words, usually in alphabetical order, giving information about form, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, and meaning.PubMed: A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.BooksPublishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.MEDLINE: The premier bibliographic database of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. MEDLINE® (MEDLARS Online) is the primary subset of PUBMED and can be searched on NLM's Web site in PubMed or the NLM Gateway. MEDLINE references are indexed with MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH).Serial Publications: Publications in any medium issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely. (ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p203)Biological Science Disciplines: All of the divisions of the natural sciences dealing with the various aspects of the phenomena of life and vital processes. The concept includes anatomy and physiology, biochemistry and biophysics, and the biology of animals, plants, and microorganisms. It should be differentiated from BIOLOGY, one of its subdivisions, concerned specifically with the origin and life processes of living organisms.ArkansasCattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.United States Department of Agriculture: A cabinet department in the Executive Branch of the United States Government concerned with improving and maintaining farm income and developing and expanding markets for agricultural products. Through inspection and grading services it safeguards and insures standards of quality in food supply and production.Cattle Diseases: Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.DairyingRhipicephalus: A genus of TICKS, in the family IXODIDAE, widespread in Africa. Members of the genus include many important vectors of animal and human pathogens.Animal Husbandry: The science of breeding, feeding and care of domestic animals; includes housing and nutrition.Aristolochic Acids: Nitro-phenanthrenes occurring in ARISTOLOCHIACEAE and other plants. They derive from stephanine (APORPHINES) by oxidative ring cleavage. The nitro group is a reactive alkylator (ALKYLATING AGENTS) that binds to biological macromolecules. Ingestion by humans is associated with nephropathy (NEPHRITIS). There is no relationship to the similar named aristolochene (SESQUITERPENES).Dactinomycin: A compound composed of a two CYCLIC PEPTIDES attached to a phenoxazine that is derived from STREPTOMYCES parvullus. It binds to DNA and inhibits RNA synthesis (transcription), with chain elongation more sensitive than initiation, termination, or release. As a result of impaired mRNA production, protein synthesis also declines after dactinomycin therapy. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1993, p2015)Sulfinic Acids: Any of the monobasic inorganic or organic acids of sulfur with the general formula RSO(OH). (From McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Flavonols: A group of 3-hydroxy-4-keto-FLAVONOIDS.Veterinary Medicine: The medical science concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in animals.Arcanobacterium: A genus of facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive bacteria in the family ACTINOMYCETACEAE, order ACTINOMYCETALES. They are obligate parasites of the PHARYNX in humans and farm animals.Abortion, Veterinary: Premature expulsion of the FETUS in animals.Animal DiseasesLaboratories: Facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures.Gene Regulatory Networks: Interacting DNA-encoded regulatory subsystems in the GENOME that coordinate input from activator and repressor TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS during development, cell differentiation, or in response to environmental cues. The networks function to ultimately specify expression of particular sets of GENES for specific conditions, times, or locations.Food Preservation: Procedures or techniques used to keep food from spoiling.Food Supply: The production and movement of food items from point of origin to use or consumption.Agriculture: The science, art or practice of cultivating soil, producing crops, and raising livestock.Hunger: The desire for FOOD generated by a sensation arising from the lack of food in the STOMACH.Cottonseed Oil: Oil obtained from the seeds of Gossypium herbaceum L., the cotton plant. It is used in dietary products such as oleomargarine and many cooking oils. Cottonseed oil is commonly used in soaps and cosmetics.Carcinogens: Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.Gossypium: A plant genus of the family MALVACEAE. It is the source of COTTON FIBER; COTTONSEED OIL, which is used for cooking, and GOSSYPOL. The economically important cotton crop is a major user of agricultural PESTICIDES.India
Toxic effects of mycotoxins in humans. (1/28)
Mycotoxicoses are diseases caused by mycotoxins, i.e. secondary metabolites of moulds. Although they occur more frequently in areas with a hot and humid climate, favourable for the growth of moulds, they can also be found in temperate zones. Exposure to mycotoxins is mostly by ingestion, but also occurs by the dermal and inhalation routes. Mycotoxicoses often remain unrecognized by medical professionals, except when large numbers of people are involved. The present article reviews outbreaks of mycotoxicoses where the mycotoxic etiology of the disease is supported by mycotoxin analysis or identification of mycotoxin-producing fungi. Epidemiological, clinical and histological findings (when available) in outbreaks of mycotoxicoses resulting from exposure to aflatoxins, ergot, trichothecenes, ochratoxins, 3-nitropropionic acid, zearalenone and fumonisins are discussed. (+info)Molecular dosimetry of urinary aflatoxin-DNA adducts in people living in Guangxi Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China. (2/28)
Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the five leading human cancers causing at least 250,000 deaths each year. One of the major risk factors for this disease is exposure to dietary aflatoxins, and the development of appropriate molecular dosimetry biomarkers would facilitate the identification of individuals at risk. This study was undertaken to explore the relationship between dietary intake of aflatoxins and the excretion of the major aflatoxin-DNA adduct and other metabolites into the urine of chronically exposed people. The following protocol was developed for this investigation in Guangxi Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China, where the diets of 30 males and 12 females (ages, 25-64 years) were monitored for 1 week and aflatoxin intake levels determined each day. Starting on the fourth day, total urine volumes were obtained in consecutive 12-h fractions for 3 or 4 days. High performance liquid chromatography and competitive radioimmunoassay analyses were done on each of the urine samples, and the relationships between excretion of total aflatoxin metabolites, aflatoxin-N7-guanine, aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin P1, and aflatoxin B1, and aflatoxin B1 intake values were determined. The average intake of aflatoxin B1 by men was 48.4 micrograms/day, giving a total mean exposure during the study period of 276.8 micrograms. The average daily intake by women was 77.4 micrograms/day, resulting in a total average exposure during the 7-day period of 542.6 micrograms aflatoxin B1. Initial efforts to characterize aflatoxin metabolites in urine samples were with an analysis by competitive radioimmunoassay. The analysis by linear regression of the association between aflatoxin B1 intake/day and total aflatoxin metabolite excretion/day showed a correlation coefficient of only 0.26. These findings stimulated the immunoaffinity/analytical high performance liquid chromatography analysis for individual metabolites. When the data were analyzed by linear regression analysis, the aflatoxin N7-guanine excretion and aflatoxin B1 intake from the previous day showed a correlation coefficient of 0.65 and P less than 0.000001. Similar analysis for aflatoxin M1 resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.55 and P less than 0.00001, whereas there was no positive statistical association between exposure in the diet and aflatoxin P1 excretion, despite aflatoxin P1 being quantitatively a major metabolite. Analysis of the total aflatoxin-N7-guanine excretion in the urine during the complete collection period plotted against the total aflatoxin B1 exposure in the diet for each of the individuals, smoothing the day to day variations, revealed a correlation coefficient of 0.80 and P less than 0.0000001.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS) (+info)Measurement of aflatoxin and aflatoxin metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. (3/28)
Automated immunoaffinity solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and chemical analogue internal standardization is employed to detect and quantify the aflatoxins AFB(1), AFB(2), AFG(1), AFG(2), and the metabolites AFM(1) and AFP(1) in urine. The dynamic range of the method is nearly three orders of magnitude with limits of detection in the low femtogram on column range. The method was validated over a 12-day period by eight analysts. This method is suitable for agricultural, forensic, and public health laboratories during an accidental outbreak or a chemical terrorism event where a rapid and accurate diagnosis of aflatoxicosis is needed. (+info)Aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw bulk milk and the presence of aflatoxin B1 in corn supplied to dairy cattle in Japan. (4/28)
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which has been found in the milk of dairy cattle fed AFB1-contaminated feeds. Since AFM1 has been evaluated as a possible human carcinogen, the cancer risk arising from AFM1 contamination in milk is a serious problem in food safety. To evaluate the risk of AFM1 contamination in milk, it is necessary to analyze the risk factors of AFB1 contamination in corn provided for concentrated feed in Japan. The AFM1 level in domestic raw bulk milk was measured at three sampling times, January, February and June in 2004. The AFB1 contamination in corn supplied to cows was determined at the same time as the sampling of raw milk. The AFM1 contamination levels in milk in January, February and June 2004 were 0.011, 0.007 and 0.005 ng/g, respectively. The AFB1 contamination level in the corn of the concentrated feed was higher from October of 2003 to February of 2004 than from April to June in 2004. This study provides evidence that AFM1 contamination level in milk is parallel to that of AFB1 in corn of concentrated feed, so monitoring of the AFB1 level in corn is important to prevent the risk of AFM1 contamination in milk in Japan. (+info)Occurrence of aflatoxin M(1) and exposure assessment in Catalonia (Spain). (5/28)
(+info)Effects of mycotoxins on chemiluminescent response and cytokine mRNA expression of bovine neutrophils. (6/28)
The effects of aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)), aflatoxin M(1) (AFM(1)), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEA) on the viability, chemiluminescent (CL) response and expression of cytokine mRNA of bovine neutrophils (PMNs) were evaluated. The opsonized zymosan (OPZ)-stimulated CL response of PMNs was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by AFB(1) ( > 50 pg/ml), AFM(1) ( > 50 pg/ml) and ZEA (>50 pg/ml). The phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated CL response PMNs was significantly (P < 0.05) decreased by AFB(1) (> 0.5 pg/ml), AFM(1) (> 50 pg/ml), ZEA (> 500 pg/ml) and DON ( > 5 pg/ml). Treatment with AFB(1) resulted in reduction in the mRNA expression of interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha of PMNs stimulated with OPZ and PMA. These results suggest that these four mycotoxins have inhibitory effects on the function of bovine PMNs. (+info)Biological reactive intermediates of bisfuranoid mycotoxins. (7/28)
Based on the mode of action of AFB1 and the activities of its biologically active intermediates, one may conclude that: 1. The mode of toxic action of the bisfuranoid mycotoxin is through epoxidation of the vinyl ether double bond of their dihydrobisfuran functionality. 2. The DNA and plasma albumin adducts formed in vivo may be useful in the molecular dosimetry of these environmental carcinogens. 3. Monitoring of these adducts of AFB1 in biological samples so far indicates that aflatoxin is likely involved in the etiology of human liver cancer. (+info)Aflatoxin B1 and M1 contamination of animal feeds and milk from urban centers in Kenya. (8/28)
BACKGROUND: Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the principal hydroxylated AFB1 metabolite present in milk of cows fed with a diet contaminated with AFB1and excreted within 12 hours of administration of contaminated feeds. OBJECTIVE: This study was initiated to assess the knowledge and practices of urban dairy farmers and feed millers about aflatoxin in feeds and milk, determine the prevalence and quantify the levels of AFB1 and AFM1 in animal feeds and milk respectively from urban environs in Kenya. METHODS: This work was carried out in the Department of Public Health Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Nairobi, Kenya, between February 2006 and March 2007. RESULTS: A total of 830 animal feed and 613 milk samples from four urban centers were analyzed for aflatoxin B1 and M1 respectively using competitive enzyme immunoassay. Eighty six percent (353/412) of the feed samples from farmers were positive for aflatoxin B1 and 67% (235/353) of these exceeded the FAO/WHO level of 5micro gKg-1. Eighty one percent (197/243) of the feed samples from feed millers and 87% (153/175) from agrochemical shops were positive, while 58% (115/197) and 66% (92/153) of the positive samples exceeded the FAO/WHO limits respectively. Seventy two percent (315/439) of the milk from dairy farmers, 84% (71/85) from large and medium scale farmers and 99% (88/89) of the pasteurized marketed milk were positive for aflatoxin M1, and 20%, 35% an 31% of positive milk from dairy farmers, medium and large scale farmers and market outlets respectively, exceeded the WHO/FAO levels of 0.05micro g/Kg-1. Sixty seven percent of the urban smallholder dairy farmers had no knowledge that milk could be contaminated with aflatoxin M1 and neither knew how they could mitigate against this exposure. Feed millers knew about aflatoxin B1 in grains and excretion of aflatoxin M1 in milk, but were not alleviating exposure to animals. CONCLUSION: There is need to create awareness and establish routine monitoring of animal feeds and milk to reduce animal and consequently human response. (+info)Ligand binding increases when in the presence of CYP3A4 ligands, such as in the presence of aflatoxin B1, M1, and G1. Indeed, ... Ratajewski M, Walczak-Drzewiecka A, Sałkowska A, Dastych J (August 2011). "Aflatoxins upregulate CYP3A4 mRNA expression in a ...
... methods to eliminate aflatoxin M1 from milk and fate of aflatoxin M1 in cottage cheese". Some research has been published in ... methods to eliminate aflatoxin M1 from milk and fate of aflatoxin M1 in cottage cheese". WorldCat. p. 279. Retrieved 23 August ... Her PhD was in food microbiology and her thesis was entitled, "Responses of dairy cows to dietary aflatoxin, ... Applebaum, Rhona S. (1981). "Responses of dairy cows to dietary aflatoxin, ...
... ultra-rapid detection of aflatoxin M1. Food Control 29: 208-212 Varelas, V., Sanvicens N, Marco MP, Kintzios S (2010) ...
The laboratory can determine the concentrations of the mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 and M1, ochratoxin A, zearalenone, fumonisin ...
... aflatoxins MeSH D03.438.150.119.075 --- aflatoxin b1 MeSH D03.438.150.119.100 --- aflatoxin m1 MeSH D03.438.150.240 --- ... aflatoxins MeSH D03.830.219.119.075 --- aflatoxin b1 MeSH D03.830.219.119.100 --- aflatoxin m1 MeSH D03.830.219.240 --- ...
In the US, the acceptable level of total aflatoxins in foods is less than 20 μg/kg, except for Aflatoxin M1 in milk, which ... The pronounced forms of Aflatoxins are those of B1, B2, G1, and G2, amongst which Aflatoxin B1 predominantly targets the liver ... For example, an outbreak which occurred in the UK in 1960 caused the death of 100,000 turkeys which had consumed aflatoxin- ... "Aflatoxins". Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition. Retrieved August 12, 2007. "GASGA Technical Leaflet - 3 Mycotoxins in ...
For example, in China in December 2011, high levels of carcinogen aflatoxin M1 in Mengniu brand milk were found to be ... Aflatoxin is an example of a mycotoxin. It is a cancer-causing poison produced by certain fungi in or on foods and feeds, ... Dietary exposure to the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1, commonly produced by growth of the fungus Aspergillus flavus on improperly ... Mark Brinkman (December 20, 2005). "Diamond Pet Food Recalled Due to Aflatoxin". FDA.gov. Retrieved May 9, 2014. FDA, Center ...
... aflatoxins MeSH D23.946.587.142.075 --- aflatoxin b1 MeSH D23.946.587.142.100 --- aflatoxin m1 MeSH D23.946.587.175 --- ...
... M1 is present in the fermentation broth of Aspergillus parasiticus, but it and aflatoxin M2 are also produced when an ... parasiticus Aflatoxin G1 and G2, produced by some Group II A. flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus Aflatoxin M1, metabolite of ... Aflatoxin M2, metabolite of aflatoxin B2 in milk of cattle fed on contaminated foods Aflatoxicol Aflatoxin Q1 (AFQ1), major ... Aflatoxins are most commonly ingested. However the most toxic type of aflatoxin, B1, can permeate through the skin. The United ...
Moreover, the baby feeds aflatoxin M1 from its mom, as aflatoxin M1 is the detoxification product of aflatoxin B1. It is a ... The babies have homozygous deficiency of glutathione S transferase (GST) M1. The aflatoxin damaged liver cells and bile duct ... In an Egyptian study, abnormally high levels of aflatoxin B1 and to a lesser extent aflatoxin B2 was found in liver tissue and ... Some cases of biliary atresia may result from exposure to aflatoxin B1, and to a lesser extent aflatoxin B2 during late ...
... high levels of carcinogen aflatoxin M1 in Mengniu brand milk were found to be associated with the consumption of mold- ... Aflatoxin is an example of a mycotoxin. It is a cancer-causing poison produced by certain fungi in or on foods and feeds, ... Dietary exposure to the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1, commonly produced by growth of the fungus Aspergillus flavus on improperly ... experienced a significant rise in the number of corn shipments containing elevated levels of aflatoxin. This mold toxin ...
"Genetic polymorphisms of microsomal epoxide hydroxylase and glutathione S-transferases M1, T1 and P1, interactions with smoking ... "Susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with genetic variation in the enzymatic detoxification of aflatoxin B1 ...
Aflatoxin M1 and Aflatoxin M2 are major metabolites, being hydroxylated forms, of Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxin B2 in humans and ... Aflatoxin M1 ELISA. The Randox Food Diagnostics Aflatoxin M1 FAST ELISA aims to give a fast, reliable, analytical method to ... M aflatoxins may be present in milk from animals fed on contaminated with Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxin B2 feed, leading to the ... detect the presence of Aflatoxin M1. This kit can be used as a screening method for the presence of Aflatoxin M1. ...
A report validating the Charm MRLAFMQ test for the detection of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) at the European Maximum Limit (EU ... Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a class 2 rated carcinogen closely controlled and monitored by dairies to prevent detrimental human and ... A report validating the Charm MRLAFMQ test for the detection of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) at the European Maximum Limit (EU ML) of 50 ... Reference laboratory validates Charm Sciences ROSA Quantitative Aflatoxin M1 Test in raw, commingled, bovine milk to detect 50 ...
Suitability Analysis of Tolerance Limit for Aflatoxin M1 in Foods and Chinese Population Dietary Exposure to Aflatoxin M1 From ... Anfossi, L.; Baggiani, C.; Giovannoli, C.; Giraudi, G. Occurrence of Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products, Aflatoxins - Detection, ... The most biologically active aflatoxin is aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)4. A recent risk assessment determined that aflatoxins may be ... Carry-Over of Aflatoxin B1 to Aflatoxin M1 in High Yielding Israeli Cows in Mid- and Late-Lactation. Toxins, 2013, 5, 73-83. ...
For example, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1, is a carcinogenic substance detected in milk and ... W. Jiang, Z. Wang, G. Nölke, J. Zhang, L. Niu, and J. Shen, "Simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1 in ... A. Prandini, G. Tansini, S. Sigolo, L. Filippi, M. Laporta, and G. Piva, "On the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and dairy ... M. Q. Lana, I. M. Toaldo, and M. T. Bordignon-Luiz, "Influence of climate conditions on aflatoxin M1 contamination in raw milk ...
Van der Fels-Klerx HJ, Vermeulen LC, Gavai AK, Liu C (2019) Climate change impacts on aflatoxin B1 in maize and aflatoxin M1 in ... Mahosotanand B (2002) Relationship between aflatoxin M1 in milk and aflatoxin B1 in feedstuffs. In: Proceedings of evaluation ... Levels of aflatoxin M1 in milk, cheese consumed in Kuwait and occurrence of total aflatoxin in local and imported animal feed. ... Two-year survey on the seasonal incidence of aflatoxin M1 in traditional dairy products in Egypt. *Ahmed A. Ismaiel. ORCID: ...
Extensive aflatoxin consumption has been shown to be highly associated with liver disease. A case-control study was conducted ... The reasons for lower aflatoxin levels among Akans need to be determined, and the findings used to design interventions that ... These findings indicate that educational interventions that stress the harmful health effects of aflatoxin in food, with an ... This shows that there is awareness of aflatoxin contamination without proper understanding of the serious potential adverse ...
Reagen Aflatoxin M1 Elisa Test Kit, Aflatoxin M1 ELISA Test Kit is a competitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative ... Aflatoxin M1 ELISA Test Kit is a competitive enzyme immunoassay for the. quantitative analysis of Aflatoxin M1 in cereals, meat ... Reagen Aflatoxin M1 Elisa Test Kit - USA. price: contact company for price. Reagen Aflatoxin Elisa Photos Catalog. ... Reagen Aflatoxin M1 Elisa Test Kit. For any questions and needs please contact us below ...
Association between aflatoxin M1 excreted in human urine samples with the consumption of milk and dairy products.. [Sabran Mohd ... Aflatoxin M1 solution, 0.5 μg/mL in acetonitrile, analytical standard C17H12O7 ... Aflatoxin M1, from Aspergillus flavus C17H12O7 ... Of 160 morning urine samples collected, aflatoxin M(1) was ... This study aimed to find the association between urinary aflatoxin M(1) level and milk and dairy products consumption. ...
Middle, aflatoxin B1 levels in different types of cattle feed (. feedstuffs), and lower, aflatoxin M1 levels in bulk milk (. ) ... Table 1: Cluster random sampling and widespread contamination of aflatoxin B1 in feedstuffs and aflatoxin M1 in bulk milk ... Lower panel (a), chemical structure of aflatoxins (AFs) B1 (C17H12O6) and M1 (C17H12O7) routinely found in animal feed and milk ... Aflatoxins (AFs) are highly carcinogenic and immunotoxic secondary metabolites produced mainly by Aspergillus (A) flavus and A ...
The aim of this research was to determine the physicochemical properties, microbial counts and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels of ... Effect of thermoultrasound on aflatoxin M1 levels, physicochemical and microbiological properties of milk during storage. ... Effect of thermoultrasound on aflatoxin M1 levels, physicochemical and microbiological properties of milk during storage, ...
Aflatoxin M1 is a hepatotoxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin that can be potentially present in milk and its derivatives; therefore ... The automation of the MaxSignal® Aflatoxin M1 ELISA Test Kit using the Crocodile 5-in-one ELISA miniWorkstation reduces labour ... Automation of the Bioo MaxSignal Aflatoxin M1 ELISA Test Kit. The Crocodile ELISA miniWorkstation provides a convenient and ... Automation of the Bioo MaxSignal Aflatoxin M1 ELISA Test Kit. The Crocodile ELISA miniWorkstation reduces labour and provides ...
Elevated levels of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk and milk products is considered to pose certain hygienic risks for human health ... Cite this Article as: M. M. Motawee (2013), "Reduction of Aflatoxin M1 Content during Manufacture and Storage of Egyptian ... Reduction of Aflatoxin M1 Content during Manufacture and Storage of Egyptian Domaiti Cheese. International Journal of ... Table (2) - Concentration of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in Domiati cheese made from 4 kg milk spiked with 1.00 µg AFM1 per kg prior to ...
This survey was undertaken to determine the extent of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in human breast milk and raw cows milk ... Modulation of macrophage activity by aflatoxins B1 and B2 and their metabolites aflatoxins M1 and M2.. *Giuseppe Bianco, ... Assessment of aflatoxin M1 in maternal breast milk in Eastern Turkey.. *M Aydemir Atasever, Yeliz Yildirim, Mustafa Atasever, ... Determination of Aflatoxin M1 in Breast Milk Samples in Tabriz-Iran. *Reza Mahdavi, Leila Nikniaz, Seyyed Rafie Arefhosseini, ...
... ELISA gives a fast, and reliable method to detect Aflatoxin M1 in milk from Randox Food Diagnostics ,/p, ... Aflatoxin M1 and Aflatoxin M2 are major metabolites, being hydroxylated forms, of Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxin B2 in humans and ... M aflatoxins may be present in milk from animals fed on contaminated with Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxin B2 feed, leading to the ... The Randox Food Diagnostics Aflatoxin M1 FAST ELISA aims to give a fast, reliable, analytical method to detect the presence of ...
Elisa - Aflatoxin M1 in milk *Bio-Shield Aflatoxin M1 Extra Sensitive. *Bio-Shield Aflatoxin M1 Fast ... Bio-Shield Aflatoxin M1 Baby Food. *Bio-Shield Aflatoxin M1 Ultra Fast Milk & Yogurt ...
... that are fed with the forage infected with aflatoxins ... Aflatoxin M1 is formed as the metabolite of other aflatoxins in ... Aflatoxin M1 Aspergillus fungi mycotoxin Rapid detection Kit.. Aflatoxin M1 is formed as the metabolite of other aflatoxins in ... Aflatoxin M1 is a chromatographic immunoassay kit for rapid detection of aflatoxin M1. The method is based on immunocompetence ... Aflatoxin M1 is formed as the metabolite of other aflatoxins in animals organisms., including cattle, that are fed with the ...
The aim of this project was to study the aflatoxin M1 adsorption ability of polystyrene-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite. Methods: ... Subsequently, serial concentrations of the nanocomposite were prepared and separately incubated with aflatoxin M1 solution at ... it was shown for the first time that polystyrene-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite can adsorb aflatoxin M1. This study also ... First, the probability of aflatoxin M1 adsorption by the nanocomposite was evaluated using the HyperChem simulation software. ...
ELISA test for the detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk in compliance with ISO 14675:2003 ... Bio-Shield M1 aflatoxin is an easy to use, ... Elisa - Aflatoxin M1 in milk *Bio-Shield Aflatoxin M1 Extra ... Bio-Shield Aflatoxin M1 is an easy to use, ELISA test for the detection of aflatoxin M1 in milk in compliance with ISO 14675: ... Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites of major concern to the dairy industry, generally produced by Aspergillus flavus, A. ...
Animals , Aflatoxin M1/chemistry , Lactobacillus rhamnosus/chemistry , Aflatoxin M1/metabolism , Culture Media/chemistry , ... Full text: Available Index: LILACS (Americas) Main subject: Aflatoxin M1 / Lactobacillus rhamnosus Limits: Animals Language: ... A comparative study of procedures for binding of aflatoxin M1 to Lactobacillus rhamnosus G ... A comparative study of procedures for binding of aflatoxin M1 to Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ...
Distribution of Aflatoxin M1 Content in Cheese Samples a. Aflatoxin range, ng/kg. Number of Traditional Samples (n = 43). ... Aflatoxin B1, M1 and G1 all cause cancer in animals. However, only aflatoxin B1 has been classified as a human carcinogen. The ... Thus, aflatoxins M1 and M2 that are the hydroxylated metabolites of aflatoxin B1 and B2 may be found in milk and products ... Background: There are different types of aflatoxins, including aflatoxin M1, M2, G1, G2, B1 and B2 produced in the food chain, ...
Wiley Online Abstract The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk samples commercialized in the Metropolitan area of ... Research - Aflatoxin M1 occurrence in fluid milk commercialised in Monterrey, Mexico. Posted on November 10, 2018 , Leave a ... The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk samples commercialized in the Metropolitan area of Monterrey (Mexico) was ... The practical application of this document is to serve as a first approach to know the presence of aflatoxins in milk in ...
Milk Safety Analyze for Aflatoxin M1 Min. Order: 54 Bags *Type: Biochemical Analyzer ...
0.5 (aflatoxin M1). CPG 527.400. Peanuts and Peanut products. 20. CPG 570.375. ... Aflatoxin. Aldrin & Dieldrin. Benzene Hexachloride. Cadmium. Chlordane. Chlordecone (Kepone). Dicofol (Kelthane). DDT, DDE, TDE ...
Determination of aflatoxin M1 in breast milk as a biomarker of maternal and infant exposure in Colombia.. ... Determination of Aflatoxin M1 and Heavy Metals in Infant Formula Milk Brands Available in Pakistani Markets. ... Determination of Aflatoxin M1 and Heavy Metals in Infant Formula Milk Brands Available in Pakistani Markets.. ... Determination of aflatoxin m1 levels in produced pasteurized milk in ahvaz city by using HPLC. ...
Aflatoxin M1 in cheese. Milk and dairy products are commonly consumed by people of all age groups. They are recognised as ...
AspergillusMilkELISAPresenceMajorAFM1Metabolite of aflatoxinMycotoxinFungiOccurrence of aflatoxin M1Association between Aflatoxin M1Total aflatoxinLactobacillusAspergillus flavus and AspergillusToxinsDetectionElisa Test KitSpeciesMetabolites of aflatoxinHigh levels of aflatoxinPeanutsToxic metabolitesReduce aflatoxinUrinary aflatoxinSecondary metabolitesAmount of aflatoxinDeterminationEnzyme immunoassayDietary aflatoxinContamination of MaizeAssess aflatoxin2019HepatocellularToxicityAflaPure M1AntibioticConcentrationsBindersLevelsDairy productsAFB1Lactic Acid BacCarcinogenic to humansFeedstuffsSamplesBreast milkStrainsPrevalenceContaminantsCheeseCowsHumansMaizeQuantitativeForageMicrotiterIran
- Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by two species of Aspergillus, a fungus which is especially found in areas with hot and humid climates. (randox.com)
- M aflatoxins may be present in milk from animals fed on contaminated with Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxin B2 feed, leading to the presence of Alfatoxin M1 in the milk. (randox.com)
- The Randox Food Diagnostics Aflatoxin M1 FAST ELISA aims to give a fast, reliable, analytical method to detect the presence of Aflatoxin M1. (randox.com)
- This kit can be used as a screening method for the presence of Aflatoxin M1. (randox.com)
- Aflatoxin M1 and Aflatoxin M2 are major metabolites, being hydroxylated forms, of Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxin B2 in humans and animals. (randox.com)
- A report validating the Charm MRLAFMQ test for the detection of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) at the European Maximum Limit (EU ML) of 50 part per trillion (ppt) was issued today by the Belgium National Reference Laboratory, ILVO T&V, under the direction of Dr. Wim Reybroeck. (prweb.com)
- Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a class 2 rated carcinogen closely controlled and monitored by dairies to prevent detrimental human and animal health consequences. (prweb.com)
- The focus of this study is the metabolite of AFB1, aflatoxin M 1 (AFM1). (sigmaaldrich.com)
- AFM1 can be present in the milk of lactating dairy animals that have consumed aflatoxin contaminated feeds 3 . (sigmaaldrich.com)
- This study further develops the AFM1 sample cleanup and analysis method to detect and quantify aflatoxin M1 at concentrations corresponding to the lowest EU regulatory limit. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Either 40 or 400 µL of the 50 ng/mL aflatoxin spiking solution was added to 80 mL of milk, resulting in 25 and 250 pg/mL concentrations of AFM1 in the respective spikes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Harsh demanding has been exposed on the concentration of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and chloramphenicol (CAP) in milk. (hindawi.com)
- For example, aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1, is a carcinogenic substance detected in milk and dairy products [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- In this study, 302 traditional dairy samples including raw milk (120), white Karish cheese (118), and Zabady (64) were analyzed for aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) during different seasons in 2016 and 2017. (springer.com)
- The aim of this research was to determine the physicochemical properties, microbial counts and aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) levels of thermoultrasonicated, pasteurized and untreated milk (control) at days 1, 7 and 14 of storage. (edu.mx)
- Elevated levels of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk and milk products is considered to pose certain hygienic risks for human health. (ibimapublishing.com)
- This survey was undertaken to determine the extent of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in human breast milk and raw cow's milk in Istanbul, Turkey. (semanticscholar.org)
- Aflatoxines that are ingested by animals in contaminated pellets and forage are biotransformed at the hepatic level into Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1). (prognosis-biotech.com)
- This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different concentrations of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) to bind aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in liquid media. (bvsalud.org)
- Considering that our country is located in the subtropical geographic region where temperature and humidity ecological factors are among determining factors in contamination with AFM1 and aflatoxin, contamination of milk products, as carcinogens, is a serious risk to the community's health. (jhealthscope.com)
- Article history: Received 18 January 2013 Received in revised form 3 September 2013 Accepted 23 February 2014 Available online 6 March 2014 Keywords: Aflatoxin M1 Milk Enzyme immunoassay Chemiluminescence Peroxidase Enhancement a b s t r a c t A direct competitive chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (CL-ELISA) for detecting aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) was developed. (docksci.com)
- 2008). Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is a major hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which exhibits the highest toxicity among all aflatoxins. (docksci.com)
- When the same model was fitted with WAZ and WHZ as the dependent variables, exposure to neither AFM1 or total other aflatoxins came out as significant (Table 4 and Table 5). (thefreedictionary.com)
- Aflatoxin contamination in milk occurs in dairy farms and the most effective method to control AFM1 concentration in milk is by reducing aflatoxin B1 contamination of cattle feed through the application of Good Agricultural and Storage Practices . (thefreedictionary.com)
- 2012). Aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) is the principle hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B 1 which is transformed at the hepatic level by means of cytochrome p450 enzymes and excreted into the milk in the mammary glands of both human and lactating animal after ingestion by the animal of pellets and forage contaminated with aflatoxin B 1 (Oveisi et al. (ibimapublishing.com)
- Aflatoxin M1 is produced as a metabolite of aflatoxin B1. (equl.com)
- A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. (nih.gov)
- Aflatoxin M1 Aspergillus fungi mycotoxin Rapid detection Kit. (novazym.pl)
- This entry was posted in Aflatoxin , Mycotoxin , Uncategorized . (kswfoodmicro.com)
- Aflatoxin is a widely occurring and harmful mycotoxin produced by strains of Aspergillus species that grow on vegetable matter. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Mycotoxin Minute 87 - What is Aflatoxin M1? (romerlabs.com)
- With over 30 years of experience in this field, Romer Labs offers the most comprehensive portfolio of mycotoxin test kits for the detection of regulated mycotoxins ( aflatoxin , ochratoxin , fumonisin , deoxynivalenol , zerealenone , t-2 and ht-2 ) in agricultural commodities such as raw grains and nuts, grain by-products and feed formulations. (romerlabs.com)
- Dietary exposure to the mycotoxin aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is an important risk factor for the development of hepatocellular cancer in Asia and Africa ( 1 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Strains of Aspergillus species may produce the mycotoxin called aflatoxin in hot humid weather. (thepigsite.com)
- Aflatoxins are produced by fungi of the Aspergillus genus. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Aflatoxins are produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and are common food contaminants in tropical developing countries. (mdpi.com)
- Aflatoxins are generally produced in animal feeds by toxigenic fungi such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and the rare Aspergillus nomius (Kamkar, et al 2011). (ibimapublishing.com)
- There are different types of aflatoxins, including aflatoxin M1, M2, G1, G2, B1 and B2 produced in the food chain, especially when the food is infected with fungi and can directly be consumed by humans. (jhealthscope.com)
- Aflatoxins are common toxic substances produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus nomius that contaminate corn and grain crops after harvest during the drying process ( 1 , 2 ). (jhealthscope.com)
- Aflatoxins are carcinogenic, highly toxic metabolites of the mould fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. (equl.com)
- This review provides an overview of aflatoxigenic fungi, chemistry and biosynthesis of aflatoxins, along with their diversity in occurrence, and their health related risks to humans and livestock. (frontiersin.org)
- Detection and estimation of aflatoxin B1 in feeds and its biodegradation by bacteria and fungi. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Aflatoxins are a group of mycotoxins produced as metabolites by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus . (waters.com)
- Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of the fungi species Aspergillus flavus, parasiticus and nomius. (krishgen.com)
- Sowley and Baalabong (2013) isolated some aflatoxigenic fungi namely, A. niger , A. flavus and A. ochraceus from grains stored by indigenous methods with A. flavus which is the most common producer of aflatoxin (Bankole and Adebanjo, 2003) as the most frequent. (academicjournals.org)
- The fungi (mold) that produce aflatoxins can infect important food and feed crops before, during and after harvest. (mold-help.org)
- One of the mycotoxins, aflatoxin, is produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. (mold-help.org)
- Capei R, Neri P (2002) Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk and yoghurt offered for sale in Florence (Italy). (springer.com)
- Elgerbi AM, Aidoo KE, Candlish AAG, Tester RF (2004) Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in randomly selected North African milk and cheese samples. (springer.com)
- The occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in milk is transitory in nature, usually reaching a peak within 12-24 hours ( 4 ) or four to five days ( 5 ), after the ingestion of aflatoxin-contaminated feed ( 4 ). (jhealthscope.com)
- Association between aflatoxin M1 excreted in human urine samples with the consumption of milk and dairy products. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Dashti B, Al-Hamli S, Alomirah H et al (2009) Levels of aflatoxin M1 in milk, cheese consumed in Kuwait and occurrence of total aflatoxin in local and imported animal feed. (springer.com)
- Lactobacillus plantarum alleviates aflatoxins B1 and M1 induced disturbances in the intestinal genes expression and DNA fragmentation. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Aflatoxins are naturally occurring toxic metabolites synthesized by certain species of Aspergillus, in particular Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. (mendeley.com)
- Background & Aims: Aflatoxin M1 is one of the most important toxins present in milk and the product of aflatoxin B1 metabolism in liver microsomes. (ac.ir)
- Dairy food-borne diseases affecting human health are associated with certain strains of bacteria belonging to the genera of Clostridium, Bacillus, Escherichia, Staphylococcus and Listeria, which are capable of producing toxins, plus moulds that can produce mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, sterigmatocytin and ochratoxin. (wiley.com)
- To comparatively determine the levels of aflatoxin (AF) B 1 in feedstuffs and of AFM 1 in milk from semiarid industrial cattle farms in northeastern Iran during four seasons and to elucidate the effects of mixed AFB 1 and AFM 1 on bovine granulocytes, 72 feedstuffs (concentrate, silage, and totally mixed ration (TMR)) and 200 bulk milk samples were simultaneously collected for ELISA-based AFs detection. (hindawi.com)
- Detection of aflatoxin M1 in human breast milk and raw cow's milk in Istanbul, Turkey. (semanticscholar.org)
- Aflatoxin M1 is a chromatographic immunoassay kit for rapid detection of aflatoxin M1. (novazym.pl)
- That means, that the concentration of aflatoxin B1 in the sample is equal to or higher, than the detection limit. (novazym.pl)
- That indicates, that the concentration of aflatoxin in the sample is below the detection limit. (novazym.pl)
- Barikbin B, Allahresani A, Khosravi R, Khodadadi M. Detection of Aflatoxin M1 in Dairy Products Marketed in Iran, Health Scope. (jhealthscope.com)
- Therefore, there is great demand for aflatoxins research to develop suitable methods for their quantification, precise detection and control to ensure the safety of consumers' health. (frontiersin.org)
- This review focuses on resources, production, detection and control measures of aflatoxins to ensure food and feed safety. (frontiersin.org)
- Thin-layer chromatography has been a common method of aflatoxin detection, but sample preparation and samples analysis of this method is time-consuming and exhausting. (krishgen.com)
- Aflatoxin M1 ELISA Test Kit is a competitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative analysis of Aflatoxin M1 in cereals, meat/fish, feed, peanuts, pistachios cheese, milk powder and milk. (worldbid.com)
- The automation of the MaxSignal® Aflatoxin M1 ELISA Test Kit using the Crocodile 5-in-one ELISA miniWorkstation reduces labour and provides excellent results. (bionity.com)
- Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by two species of Aspergillus, a fungus which is especially found in areas with hot and humid climates. (randoxfooddiagnostics.com)
- Aflatoxins are one of the highly toxic secondary metabolites derived from polyketides produced by fungal species such as Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus , and A. nomius ( Payne and Brown, 1998 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Aflatoxins are mycotoxins found in foods and livestock feeds that were initially produced by species of Aspergillus. (thomassci.com)
- Aflatoxins are highly toxic compounds produced by various species of the fungus Aspergillus. (ilri.org)
- Aflatoxins are produced by Aspergillus flavus , Aspergillus parasiticus , Aspergillus nomius , Aspergillus ochraceoroseus , Aspergillus pseudotamarii , Aspergillus bombycis , a species with the imperfect stage, Emericella venezuelensis and Aspergillus niger (Moss, 2002). (academicjournals.org)
- Subsequently, Aspergillus species were isolated and screened for ver-1, apa-2, omt-1 genes of aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway using PCR assay. (mendeley.com)
- Gorelick (1990) compared metabolism of aflatoxin by different species. (inchem.org)
- Thus, aflatoxins M1 and M2 that are the hydroxylated metabolites of aflatoxin B1 and B2 may be found in milk and products obtained from livestock that have ingested contaminated feed ( 3 ). (jhealthscope.com)
- Aflatoxins M 1 and M 2 , the hydroxylated metabolites of aflatoxin B 1 and B 2 , may be found in milk or milk products obtained from livestock that has ingested contaminated feed. (inchem.org)
- Citing sources, the paper reported that the minister had known since Wednesday that unacceptably high levels of aflatoxin had also been found in cows' milk -- until now, the ministry has only admitted to finding the bacteria in goat's milk. (thefreedictionary.com)
- However, the commodities with the highest risk of aflatoxin contamination are corn, peanuts, and cottonseed. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Aflatoxins belong to the strongest natural occurring carcinogenic substances, commonly found in corn, peanuts, cotton seed, human blood and animal feed.Aflatoxin B1 appears nearly in all cases together with Aflatoxin B2, G1 and G2 and it is the analyte with the highest toxic significance. (krishgen.com)
- Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites of major concern to the dairy industry, generally produced by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius. (prognosis-biotech.com)
- This study aimed to find the association between urinary aflatoxin M(1) level and milk and dairy products consumption. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- A significant and positive association (φ = 0.286) was found between milk and dairy products consumption and urinary aflatoxin M(1) level. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Aflatoxins (AFs) are highly carcinogenic and immunotoxic secondary metabolites produced mainly by Aspergillus (A) flavus and A. parasiticus in feed/foods [ 1 - 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- This raises the suspicion that Iraq declared an excessive amount of aflatoxin in order to disguise the fact that other, more destructive agents had been produced in greater quantities. (mold-help.org)
- Consequently the US Federal Food and Drug Administration has regulations for the amount of aflatoxin allowed in feed for food animals. (thepigsite.com)
- Development of ultrasensitive direct chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk. (docksci.com)
- Development of ultrasensitive direct chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for determination of aflatoxin M1 in milk Marina M. Vdovenko a, Chuan-Chen Lu b, Feng-Yih Yu b,c,⇑, Ivan Yu. (docksci.com)
- Enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative determination of Aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk products. (ibl-international.com)
- RIDASCREEN®FAST Aflatoxin M1 is a competitive enzyme immunoassay for the quantitative analysis of aflatoxin M1 in milk and milk powder. (equl.com)
- The Committee urged that the intake of dietary aflatoxin be reduced to the lowest practicable levels so as to reduce, as far as possible, the potential risk. (inchem.org)
- Cases were also two times more likely to report awareness of aflatoxin contamination of maize than all controls combined (95% CI 1.02-4.11). (mdpi.com)
- Kana JR, Gnonlonfin BGJ, Harvey J, Wainaina J, Wanjuki I, Skilton RA, Teguia A. Assessment of Aflatoxin Contamination of Maize, Peanut Meal and Poultry Feed Mixtures from Different Agroecological Zones in Cameroon. (mdpi.com)
- Dietary intake of aflatoxins arises mainly from contamination of maize and groundnuts and their products. (inchem.org)
- This research is an attempt to assess aflatoxin contamination in nuts (Fig, Almond, Hazelnut, Walnut, Pistachio and Sunflower) available in Tehran city market in 2013. (scirp.org)
- Assaf JC, Nahle S, Chokr A, Louka N, Atoui A, El Khoury A (2019) Assorted methods for decontamination of aflatoxin M1 in milk using microbial adsorbents. (springer.com)
- A recent risk assessment determined that aflatoxins may be implicated in 4.6-28.2% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) worldwide 8 . (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Furthermore, providing knowledge on aflatoxins toxicity will help in ensure food safety and meet the future demands of the increasing population by decreasing the incidence of outbreaks due to aflatoxins. (frontiersin.org)
- Aflatoxin M1 contamination and Antibiotic residue in milk in Khorasan province, Iran. (biomedsearch.com)
- The Charm EZ system was the dairy industry's first combined incubator and reader making quick work of antibiotic and aflatoxin M1 testing in milk. (charm.com)
- Subsequently, serial concentrations of the nanocomposite were prepared and separately incubated with aflatoxin M1 solution at different temperatures and pH. (ac.ir)
- Two standard mixes in acetonitrile were purchased from Supelco: aflatoxin M1 ~10.0 parts per million (ppm) (46319- U), and B1 and G1 ~1.0 ppm with B2 and G2 ~0.3 ppm (46304- U). Actual certification values were used to compute concentrations. (waters.com)
- Its presence was detected in various foodstuffs all over the world but with significantly higher frequency and concentrations in areas with endemic nephropathy (EN). (mdpi.com)
- 3) Significantly higher OTA frequencies and concentrations in both food and human samples (urine and blood) were found in endemic nephropathy (EN) areas in Bulgaria, Croatia, and Serbia as well as in Tunisia, where a nephropathy of unknown aetiology occurred. (mdpi.com)
- To address this issue, 19 human serum samples that had been previously analyzed for the aflatoxin B 1 -lysine adduct by high-performance liquid chromatography-fluorescence in 1989 were re-analyzed by isotope dilution mass spectrometry after storage at −80°C. The adduct concentrations measured by these two techniques were identical within 4% over the range 5 to 100 pg of aflatoxin B 1 -lysine/mg albumin. (aacrjournals.org)
- Aflatoxin-albumin adduct concentrations measured by ELISA are well correlated with AFB 1 -lys concentrations measured by HPLC-fluorescence and IDMS, albeit the levels obtained in a recent study found that values using an ELISA were 2.6-fold higher than those measured in the same samples by IDMS ( 12 , 13 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Aflatoxin binders in foods for human consumption-Can this be promoted safely and ethically? (ilri.org)
- New review article tackles the question: Can aflatoxin binders in foods be promoted safely and ethically? (ilri.org)
- The review adds that using aflatoxin binders in human food might even worsen food safety in the longer term. (ilri.org)
- A questionnaire was administered to examine socio-demographic characteristics and food storage and consumption practices, and urine samples were collected to measure levels of the aflatoxin metabolite (AFM 1 ). (mdpi.com)
- The reasons for lower aflatoxin levels among Akans need to be determined, and the findings used to design interventions that benefit other ethnic groups in the society. (mdpi.com)
- Aflatoxin contamination levels in 12 samples of traditional cheese and 15 samples of pasteurized cheese were more than standard levels. (jhealthscope.com)
- Many countries have set maximum allowable levels of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Depending on the duration-gas combinations, a 20% to 40% decrease in aflatoxin levels also occurred. (thefreedictionary.com)
- During field tests in the Mississippi Delta from 2001 to 2004, inoculation of grains with K49 dramatically reduced aflatoxin levels in corn (see "Protecting Corn From Aflatoxin ," Agricultural Research, September 2010, pp. (thefreedictionary.com)
- How well are CGM producers in the USA doing at keeping aflatoxin levels low? (romerlabs.com)
- The tested products, both imported and locally manufactured, contained levels of Aflatoxin B1 "beyond the acceptable limit of 20 parts per billion," according to Go. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The other was spiked with the aflatoxin standards at the levels listed in Table 2. (waters.com)
- Aflatoxigenic strains of Aspergillus were also frequent and it is important to devise strategies at local levels to control these aflatoxin producing strains at pre- and post-harvest stages. (mendeley.com)
- A total of 201 samples of maize, peanut meal, broiler and layer feeds were collected directly at poultry farms, poultry production sites and poultry feed dealers in three agroecological zones (AEZs) of Cameroon and analyzed for moisture content and aflatoxin levels. (mdpi.com)
- Fallah AA (2010a) Aflatoxin M1 contamination in dairy products marketed in Iran during winter and summer. (springer.com)
- Fallah AA, Rahnama M, Jafari T, Saei-Dehkordi SS (2011) Seasonal variation of aflatoxin M1 contamination in industrial and traditional Iranian dairy products. (springer.com)
- Aflatoxin is then excreted in this form into the milk used for human consumption and, it is also present in dairy products. (prognosis-biotech.com)
- The practical application of this document is to serve as a first approach to know the presence of aflatoxins in milk in northern Mexico, both in domestic and imported products, and under different heat treatments applied and from this, take different measures by authorities and producers with a view to reducing their presence in milk and other dairy products. (kswfoodmicro.com)
- The most biologically active aflatoxin is aflatoxin B 1 (AFB1) 4 . (sigmaaldrich.com)
- (mdpi.com)
- aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). (thefreedictionary.com)
- Aflatoxins are toxic and can be carcinogenic to humans and animals, with B1 and G1 more potent than B2 and G2 1 . (waters.com)
- It is secreted with the milk after the feeding of aflatoxin B1 content feedstuffs to lactating cows. (equl.com)
- In this cross-sectional and analytical study, 43 samples of traditional cheese and 59 samples of pasteurized cheese in three cities and 59 samples of pasteurized milk were randomly selected and their M1 aflatoxin was measured by means of the ELISA method. (jhealthscope.com)
- The occurrence of aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ) in milk samples commercialized in the Metropolitan area of Monterrey (Mexico) was evaluated by employing the competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. (kswfoodmicro.com)
- The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) said they found Aflatoxin B1 beyond the acceptable limit in the tested samples of peanut products made here and abroad. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Detecting Aflatoxin M1 in raw milk samples, 18 network laboratories participated. (fda.gov)
- Detecting Aflatoxin M1 in raw milk samples, 22 network laboratories participated. (fda.gov)
- The use of aflatoxin B1 ELISA kit to analyze aflatoxin B1 residue of samples is fast and accurate. (krishgen.com)
- In addition, the specific chemical structure of the aflatoxin B 1 -lysine adduct in human samples was confirmed for the first time by collision-induced dissociation full scan mass spectrometry analysis of the protonated adduct molecular ion. (aacrjournals.org)
- These results illustrate that the aflatoxin B 1 -lysine serum albumin adduct can be stable in human serum stored at −80°C since 1989, and this provides confidence for the measurement of this biomarker in repository samples from epidemiologic investigations. (aacrjournals.org)
- To this end, 200 samples including Fig (n = 30), Almond (n = 25), Hazelnut (n = 25), Walnut (n = 40), Pistachio (n = 40), Sunflower (n = 40) were collected and analyzed regarding contamination with aflatoxin. (scirp.org)
- columns for the convenient purification and enrichment of aflatoxin M1 from milk samples for downstream HPLC and ELISA analysis. (frbiz.com)
- Of these six aflatoxins, aflatoxin B 1 is the most frequent one present in contaminated samples and aflatoxins B 2 , G 1 and G 2 are generally not reported in the absence of aflatoxin B 1 . (inchem.org)
- Elzupir AO, Abas ARA, Fadul MH et al (2012) Aflatoxin M1 in breast milk of nursing Sudanese mothers. (springer.com)
- Assessment of aflatoxin M1 in maternal breast milk in Eastern Turkey. (semanticscholar.org)
- Aflatoxins consist of four types including aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2, which are biosynthesized by toxicogenic strains of Aspergillus flavus . (jhealthscope.com)
- Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed to confirm the synthesis of aflatoxin in PCR-positive strains. (mendeley.com)
- All PCR positive strains produced aflatoxin B1 and B2, but not G1 and G2 when analyzed by TLC. (mendeley.com)
- Prevalence elevee de la sterilite masculine en Afrique: sont des mycotoxines a alamer? (thefreedictionary.com)
- This study was designed to observe the total fungal count and the prevalence of aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in local food and feed products. (mendeley.com)
- This monograph reviews the experimental evidence concerning the carcinogenicity of the aflatoxins, evaluates the potencies of these contaminants, links these potencies to intake estimates, and discusses the impact of hypothetical standards on sample populations and their overall risks. (inchem.org)
- The main goal of the present study was to measure M1 aflatoxin in distributed traditional and pasteurized cheese in South Khorasan. (jhealthscope.com)
- When animals are fed grain or feed contaminated with the toxin, aflatoxin B1 is converted by hydroxylation to aflatoxin M1, which is subsequently secreted in the milk of lactating cows. (thefreedictionary.com)
- However, most cases reported that aflatoxin contamination does not cause sickness in humans. (mdpi.com)
- Aflatoxin M1 and Aflatoxin M2 are major metabolites, being hydroxylated forms, of Aflatoxin B1 and Aflatoxin B2 in humans and animals. (randoxfooddiagnostics.com)
- Despite the potential health risk posed to animals and humans, many people in developing countries are oblivious of the ability of aflatoxins to cause cancer and other debilitating diseases. (academicjournals.org)
- Carry-over rates of mycotoxins in animal products are, in general, small (except for aflatoxins in milk and eggs) therefore representing a small source of mycotoxins for humans. (mdpi.com)
- At its present meeting, the Committee reviewed a wide range of studies in both animals and humans that provided qualitative and quantitative information on the hepatocarcinogenicity of the aflatoxins. (inchem.org)
- In warm agricultural areas across the globe, maize, groundnut, and other crops become frequently contaminated with aflatoxins produced primarily by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. (usda.gov)
- Reference laboratory validates Charm Sciences' ROSA Quantitative Aflatoxin M1 Test in raw, commingled, bovine milk to detect 50 ppt European Union Maximum Limit. (prweb.com)
- including cattle, that are fed with the forage infected with aflatoxins. (novazym.pl)
- The microtiter wells are coated with aflatoxin antigen. (krishgen.com)
- Fallah AA (2010b) Assessment of aflatoxin M1 contamination in pasteurized and UHT milk marketed in central part of Iran. (springer.com)