Aflatoxin B1
A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.
Aflatoxins
Furano-furano-benzopyrans that are produced by ASPERGILLUS from STERIGMATOCYSTIN. They are structurally related to COUMARINS and easily oxidized to an epoxide form to become ALKYLATING AGENTS. Members of the group include AFLATOXIN B1; aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2; AFLATOXIN M1; and aflatoxin M2.
Aflatoxin M1
A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus
Sterigmatocystin
Poisons
Food Contamination
Carcinogens
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Mutagens
Anthraquinones
Liver
Arachis hypogaea
DNA Adducts
Condiments
Mutagenicity Tests
Ochratoxins
Microsomes, Liver
Zearalenone
(S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.
Aldehyde Reductase
Glutathione Transferase
Antimutagenic Agents
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Benzoflavones
Organic compounds containing a BENZENE ring attached to a flavone group. Some of these are potent arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitors. They may also inhibit the binding of NUCLEIC ACIDS to BENZOPYRENES and related compounds. The designation includes all isomers; the 7,8-isomer is most frequently encountered.
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Metabolic Detoxication, Drug
Food Microbiology
gamma-Glutamyltransferase
Butylated Hydroxyanisole
Trout
Various fish of the family SALMONIDAE, usually smaller than salmon. They are mostly restricted to cool clear freshwater. Some are anadromous. They are highly regarded for their handsome colors, rich well-flavored flesh, and gameness as an angling fish. The genera Salvelinus, Salmo, and ONCORHYNCHUS have been introduced virtually throughout the world.
Zea mays
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Protective alterations in phase 1 and 2 metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by oltipraz in residents of Qidong, People's Republic of China. (1/513)
BACKGROUND: Residents of Qidong, People's Republic of China, are at high risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma, in part due to consumption of foods contaminated with aflatoxins, which require metabolic activation to become carcinogenic. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase IIa chemoprevention trial, we tested oltipraz, an antischistosomal drug that has been shown to be a potent and effective inhibitor of aflatoxin-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in animal models. METHODS: In 1995, 234 adults from Qidong were enrolled. Healthy eligible individuals were randomly assigned to receive by mouth 125 mg oltipraz daily, 500 mg oltipraz weekly, or a placebo. Sequential immunoaffinity chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or to fluorescence detection were used to identify and quantify phase 1 and phase 2 metabolites of aflatoxin B1 in the urine of study participants. Reported P values are two-sided. RESULTS: One month of weekly administration of 500 mg oltipraz led to a 51% decrease in median levels of the phase 1 metabolite aflatoxin M1 excreted in urine compared with administration of a placebo (P = .030), but it had no effect on levels of a phase 2 metabolite, aflatoxin-mercapturic acid (P = .871). By contrast, daily intervention with 125 mg oltipraz led to a 2.6-fold increase in median aflatoxin-mercapturic acid excretion (P = .017) but had no effect on excreted aflatoxin M1 levels (P = .682). CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent, high-dose oltipraz inhibited phase 1 activation of aflatoxins, and sustained low-dose oltipraz increased phase 2 conjugation of aflatoxin, yielding higher levels of aflatoxin-mercapturic acid. While both mechanisms can contribute to protection, this study highlights the feasibility of inducing phase 2 enzymes as a chemopreventive strategy in humans. (+info)Determinants of specificity for aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide in alpha-class glutathione S-transferases. (2/513)
We have used homology modelling, based on the crystal structure of the human glutathione S-transferase (GST) A1-1, to obtain the three-dimensional structures of rat GSTA3 and rat GSTA5 subunits bound to S-aflatoxinyl-glutathione. The resulting models highlight two residues, at positions 208 and 108, that could be important for determining, either directly or indirectly, substrate specificity for aflatoxin-exo-8,9-epoxide among the Alpha-class GSTs. Residues at these positions were mutated in human GSTA1-1 (Met-208, Leu-108), rat GSTA3-3 (Glu-208, His-108) and rat GSTA5-5 (Asp-208, Tyr-108): in the active rat GSTA5-5 to those in the inactive GSTA1-1; and in the inactive human GSTA1-1 and rat GSTA3-3 to those in the active rat GSTA5-5. These studies show clearly that, in all three GSTs, an aspartate residue at position 208 is a prerequisite for high activity in aflatoxin-exo-8,9-epoxide conjugation, although this alone is not sufficient; other residues in the vicinity, particularly residues 103-112, are important, perhaps for the optimal orientation of the aflatoxin-exo-8,9-epoxide in the active site for catalysis to occur. (+info)Regional differences in production of aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid by soil isolates of aspergillus flavus along a transect within the United States. (3/513)
Soil isolates of Aspergillus flavus from a transect extending from eastern New Mexico through Georgia to eastern Virginia were examined for production of aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid in a liquid medium. Peanut fields from major peanut-growing regions (western Texas; central Texas; Georgia and Alabama; and Virginia and North Carolina) were sampled, and fields with other crops were sampled in regions where peanuts are not commonly grown. The A. flavus isolates were identified as members of either the L strain (n = 774), which produces sclerotia that are >400 micrometer in diameter, or the S strain (n = 309), which produces numerous small sclerotia that are <400 micrometer in diameter. The S-strain isolates generally produced high levels of aflatoxin B1, whereas the L-strain isolates were more variable in aflatoxin production; variation in cyclopiazonic acid production also was greater in the L strain than in the S strain. There was a positive correlation between aflatoxin B1 production and cyclopiazonic acid production in both strains, although 12% of the L-strain isolates produced only cyclopiazonic acid. Significant differences in production of aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid by the L-strain isolates were detected among regions. In the western half of Texas and the peanut-growing region of Georgia and Alabama, 62 to 94% of the isolates produced >10 microgram of aflatoxin B1 per ml. The percentages of isolates producing >10 microgram of aflatoxin B1 per ml ranged from 0 to 52% in the remaining regions of the transect; other isolates were often nonaflatoxigenic. A total of 53 of the 126 L-strain isolates that did not produce aflatoxin B1 or cyclopiazonic acid were placed in 17 vegetative compatibility groups. Several of these groups contained isolates from widely separated regions of the transect. (+info)Potency of dietary indole-3-carbinol as a promoter of aflatoxin B1-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis: results from a 9000 animal tumor study. (4/513)
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a metabolite of glucobrassicin found in cruciferous vegetables, is documented as acting as a modulator of carcinogenesis and, depending on timing and dose of administration, it may promote hepatocarcinogenesis in some animal models. In this study we demonstrate that, when given post-initiation, dietary I3C promotes aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the rainbow trout model at levels as low as 500 p.p.m. Trout embryos (approximately 9000) were initiated with 0, 25, 50, 100, 175 or 250 p.p.b. AFB1 by a 30 min immersion. Experimental diets containing 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 or 1250 p.p.m. I3C were administered starting at 3 months and fish were sampled for liver tumors at 11-13 months. Promotion at the level of tumor incidence was statistically significant for all dietary levels, except 250 p.p.m. Relative potency for promotion markedly increased at dietary levels >750 p.p.m. We propose that more than one mechanism could be involved in promotion and that both estrogenic and Ah receptor-mediated pathways could be active. The estrogenicity of I3C, measured as its ability to induce vitellogenin (an estrogen biomarker in oviparous vertebrates) was evident at the lowest dietary level (250 p.p.m.), whereas CYPIA (a P450 isozyme induced through the Ah receptor pathway) was not induced until dietary levels of 1000 p.p.m. Therefore, at lower dietary levels, promotion by I3C in this model could be explained by estrogenic activities of I3C acid derivatives, as it is known that estrogens promote hepatocarcinogenesis in trout. Much stronger promotion was observed at high dietary I3C levels (1000 and 1250 p.p.m.), at which levels both CYP1A and vitellogenin were induced. (+info)Downregulation of DNA excision repair by the hepatitis B virus-x protein occurs in p53-proficient and p53-deficient cells. (5/513)
Synergism between exposure to chemical carcinogens and infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been implicated in the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study we report that the HBV protein HBx, inhibits cellular DNA repair capacity in a p53-independent manner. Two alternative assays were used: the host cell reactivation assay, which measures the cell's capacity to repair DNA damage in a reporter plasmid, and unscheduled DNA synthesis, which measures the overall DNA repair capacity in damaged cells. Two p53-proficient cell lines, the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 and liver epithelial cell line CCL13, were co-transfected with the pCMV-HBx reporter plasmid and the pCMV-CAT plasmid damaged with UVC radiation. Compared with cells transfected with control plasmid, the presence of HBx resulted in approximately 50% inhibition of the cell's capacity to reactivate CAT activity of UVC-damaged plasmid, and approximately 25% inhibition of unscheduled DNA synthesis in cells treated with either aflatoxin B1 epoxide or UVC radiation. Using the p53-deficient cell line Saos-2, we demonstrated that expression of HBx also resulted in diminished overall cellular DNA repair of damage induced by both aflatoxin B1 epoxide and UVC radiation, using both the host cell reactivation and unscheduled DNA synthesis assays. In summary, this study provides evidence for p53-independent regulation of DNA repair by HBx. (+info)Divergence of West African and North American communities of Aspergillus section Flavi. (6/513)
West African Aspergillus flavus S isolates differed from North American isolates. Both produced aflatoxin B1. However, 40 and 100% of West African isolates also produced aflatoxin G1 in NH4 medium and urea medium, respectively. No North American S strain isolate produced aflatoxin G1. This geographical and physiological divergence may influence aflatoxin management. (+info)Expression of stably transfected murine glutathione S-transferase A3-3 protects against nucleic acid alkylation and cytotoxicity by aflatoxin B1 in hamster V79 cells expressing rat cytochrome P450-2B1. (7/513)
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is activated to AFB1-8,9-oxide (AFBO), a potent mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolite of AFB1. In the mouse, AFBO has been shown to be most efficiently detoxified by a specific isozyme of alpha-class glutathione S-transferase (GST), mGSTA3-3 (mGST-Yc). A hamster V79 cell line (V79MZr2B1, originally designated V79/SD1) previously transfected with the rat cytochrome P450-2B1 was stably transfected with an mGSTA3-3 expression vector, to study the chemopreventive role of GST in protecting against cytotoxicity or genotoxicity of AFBO. Immunoblotting demonstrated strong expression of an alpha-class GST in the mGSTA3-3 transfected cell line, whereas no detectable alpha-class GST protein was observed in the control (empty vector-transfected) cells. Previous studies with the V79MZr2B1 cell line indicated that it can activate AFB1 to a mutagenic metabolite via a transfected rat P450-2B1 stably expressed in the cells. We examined the ability of the expressed mGSTA3-3 to protect against AFB1-induced cytotoxicity or [3H]-covalent adduct formation in cellular nucleic acids. Exposure of empty vector-transfected control cells and mGSTA3-3 expressing cells to up to 600 nM [3H]-AFB1 indicated that a 70-80% reduction in DNA and RNA adducts was afforded by the expression of mGSTA3-3 in the transfected cells. Clonogenic survival assays showed that the mGSTA3-3 cell line was 4.6-fold resistant to AFB1 cytotoxicity as compared with the empty vector-transfected control SD1 cells, with IC50 values of 69 and 15 microM, respectively. The results of these studies demonstrate that mGSTA3-3 confers substantial protection against nucleic acid covalent modification and cytotoxicity by AFB1 in this transgenic cell model system. (+info)XRCC1 polymorphisms: effects on aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts and glycophorin A variant frequency. (8/513)
Hereditary genetic defects in DNA repair lead to increased risk of cancer. Polymorphisms in several DNA repair genes have been identified; however, the impact on repair phenotype has not been elucidated. We explored the relationship between polymorphisms in the DNA repair enzyme, XRCC1 (codons 194, 280, and 399), and genotoxic end points measured in two populations: (a) placental aflatoxin B1 DNA (AFB1-DNA) adducts in a group of Taiwanese maternity subjects (n = 120); and (b) somatic glycophorin A (GPA) variants in erythrocytes from a group of North Carolina smokers and nonsmokers (n = 59). AFB1-DNA adducts were measured by ELISA, and erythrocyte GPA variant frequency (NN and NO) was assessed in MN heterozygotes with a flow cytometric assay. XRCC1 genotypes were identified by PCR-RFLPs. The XRCC1 399Gln allele was significantly associated with higher levels of both AFB1-DNA adducts and GPA NN mutations. Individuals with the 399Gln allele were at risk for detectable adducts (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.4; P = 0.03). GPA NN variant frequency was significantly higher in 399Gln homozygotes (19.6 x 10(-6)) than in Gln/Arg heterozygotes (11.4 x 10(-6); P < 0.05) or Arg/Arg homozygotes (10.1 x 10(-6); P = 0.01). No significant effects were observed for other XRCC1 polymorphisms. These results suggest that the Arg399Gln amino acid change may alter the phenotype of the XRCC1 protein, resulting in deficient DNA repair. (+info)aflatoxin b1 afb1 aflatoxin b1 afb1 mouse monoclonal antibody Gentaur Molecular Products
Early Detection of the Aflatoxin B₁ Mutational Fingerprint: A Diagnostic Tool for Liver Cancer
Detection of Aflatoxin B1 with a Label-Free Ellipsometry Immunosensor - Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive
Glutathione-S-transferase A3 knockout mice are sensitive to acute cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aflatoxin B1<...
In vivo activation of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in C57BL/6N mice carrying a human fetus-specific...
Biochemical Basis for the Extreme Sensitivity of Turkeys to Aflatoxin by Patrick J. Klein, Jack N. Kelly et al.
Role of pH in the Mutagenicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Tortillas during In Vitro Human
Digestion Model
Induction of Changes in Morphology, Reactive Nitrogen/Oxygen Intermediates and Apoptosis of Duck Macrophages by Aflatoxin B<sub...
Effects of aflatoxin B1 on profiles of gonadotropic (FSH and LH), steroid (testosterone and 17β-estradiol) and prolactin...
Aflatoxin B1 ELISA - Krishgen Biosystems India
Aflatoxin B1 ELISA - Krishgen Biosystems India
AFB1 (Aflatoxin B1) Antibody, HRP, Rabbit-PTM proteomics; Cell-Molecular Biology; Small Molecules; Research Tools
Genetics of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) metabolism in various inbred strains o by H L. Gurtoo, R Dahms et al.
Investigation on the Protective Effect of ?-Mannan against the DNA Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1 in Mouse Hepatocytes
Aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 2 from Human, Recombinant(EC 1.1.1.n11) - Creative Enzymes
Evidence for involvement of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in aflatoxin B|sub|1|/sub| metabolism in human liver -...
Slide A IV 50
Comportamiento productivo y toxicosis en pollos de engorde alimentados con aflatoxinas B1, B2 y tres adsorbentes de micotoxinas
Aflatoxin B1 induces apoptosis in rat liver: protective effect of melatonin. - NeL.edu
Plus it
Effect of Low Levels of Aflatoxin B1 on Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Liver Histopathological...
The intake of contaminants via a diet according to the Dutch Wheel of Five Guidelines - Webbased Archive of RIVM Publications
Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [Biotin] (NB600-443B): Novus Biologicals
EN 14097:2001
EFSA Journal | Europäische Behörde für Lebensmittelsicherheit
EFSA Journal | Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments
Figure 4
VXN (vexin) - Rat Genome Database
AFB Connects You - American Foundation for the Blind
GMC Acadia for Sale in Elmendorf Afb, AK 99506 - Autotrader
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Aflatoxin Exposure During Pregnancy, Maternal Anemia, and Adverse Birth...
Molecular basis of aflatoxin-induced mutagenesis-role of the aflatoxin B1-formamidopyrimidine adduct<...
Scope Aflatoxin exposure coincides with micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. group, - Suppression of KRas-mutant...
Altered gene response to aflatoxin b1 in the spleens of susceptible and resistant turkeys<...
Prevalence of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> contamination in pre- and post-harvest maize kernels, Food products, Poultry and...
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Current Understanding on Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Future Perspective in Reducing Aflatoxin...
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Non-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney...
Complementary DNA Cloning, Protein Expression, and Characterization of Alpha-Class GSTs from Macaca fascicularis Liver :...
Aflatoxin - definition of aflatoxin by The Free Dictionary
Aflatoxin B1(AFB1)ELISA kit - Cusabio
What does hAFAR1 mean? - Definition of hAFAR1 - hAFAR1 stands for human aflatoxin B(1) aldehyde reductase 1. By...
Microsome-mediated mutagenicity of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in Bacillus megaterium SJ-6 his...
Non-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney Vero Cells - pdf descargar
Effects of Glucosinolate-Rich Broccoli Sprouts on Urinary Levels of Aflatoxin-DNA Adducts and Phenanthrene Tetraols in a...
Quantitative and selective polymerase chain reaction analysis of highly similar human alpha-class glutathione transferases
How Aflatoxins Threaten Pangasius Catfish Production | The Fish Site
Mycotoxin prevention and control in foodgrains - Aflatoxin research on grain in Asia - its problems and possible solutions
DR. LANE MAKES HIS CASE FOR AFLATOXIN
IntechOpen Open Access Publisher - Open Science Open Minds | IntechOpen
Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &...
Puzzles | Foldit
Reveal Q+ MAX for Aflatoxin | Mycotoxin Testing | NEOGEN
Veratox HS for Aflatoxin | Mycotoxin Testing | NEOGEN
Plus it
News | CSBi | Computational and Systems Biology at MIT
Results per page: 10
Corn aflatoxin: breeding, molecular markers | Delta Farm Press
Puzzles | Foldit
Student Research: Kellie Fay | Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
Liquid Chromatography | HPLC Systems | KNAUER
What foods contain aflatoxin? - BALLYA
Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation | Page 116.tif | ID: t722hf177 | [email protected]
Subject: rats / Publication Year: 2015 / Subject: rats and liver - PubAg Search Results
Dr. Smita Tripathi
Dr. Chitrangada Das Mukhopadhyay
TumorPortal
References | Excellent Nutrition
SID.ir | THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STABILIZERS ON STABILITY OF HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE- BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN-AFLATOXIN B1, A...
Aflatoxin B1
... is mostly found in contaminated food and humans are exposed to aflatoxin B1 almost entirely through their diet. ... Aflatoxin B1 must first be metabolized into its reactive electrophilic form, aflatoxin B1-8,9-exo-epoxide by cytochrome p450. ... Occupational exposure to aflatoxin B1 has also been reported in swine and poultry production. While aflatoxin B1 contamination ... Media related to Aflatoxin B1 at Wikimedia Commons Aflatoxin B1 (Articles without InChI source, Articles without KEGG source, ...
Aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide
... is a toxic metabolite of aflatoxin B1. It's formed by the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the ... In the liver, aflatoxin B1 is metabolized to aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide by the cytochrome P450 enzymes. The resulting epoxide ... Aflatoxin B1 Cytochrome P450 Arinç, Emel; Schenkman, John B.; Hodgson, Ernest (2012). Molecular and Applied Aspects of ... Turner, Paul Craig (2013). "The Molecular Epidemiology of Chronic Aflatoxin Driven Impaired Child Growth". Scientifica. 2013: ...
Aflatoxin total synthesis
The synthesis of racemic aflatoxin B1 has been reported by Buechi et al. in 1967 and that of racemic aflatoxin B2 by Roberts et ... Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Aflatoxin B1 and B2a". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 3090-3100. doi:10.1021/ja020988s ... Aflatoxin total synthesis concerns the total synthesis of a group of organic compounds called aflatoxins. These compounds occur ... Aflatoxin B1 and B2a in 2003. In 2005 the group of E. J. Corey of Harvard University presented the enantioselective synthesis ...
Aflatoxin
... but it and aflatoxin M2 are also produced when an infected liver metabolizes aflatoxin B1 and B2. Aflatoxin B1 and B2 (AFB), ... Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic and is produced by both Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin M1 ... Aflatoxin poisoning most commonly results from ingestion, but the most toxic aflatoxin compound, B1, can permeate through the ... metabolite of aflatoxin B1 in humans and animals (exposure in ng levels may come from a mother's milk) Aflatoxin M2, metabolite ...
Median lethal dose
"Safety (MSDS) data for aflatoxin B1". ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2010-08-11. Voelz GL, Buican IG (2000). " ...
Liver cancer
Dai Y, Huang K, Zhang B, Zhu L, Xu W (November 2017). "Aflatoxin B1-induced epigenetic alterations: An overview". Food and ... Aflatoxin exposure can lead to the development of HCC. The aflatoxins are a group of chemicals produced by the fungi ... The mechanism by which aflatoxins cause cancer is through mutations and epigenetic alterations. Aflatoxins induce a spectrum of ... Other causes include aflatoxin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver flukes. The most common types are HCC, which makes ...
Secondary metabolite
Aflatoxin B1, a polyketide from Aspergillus flavus. Ciclosporin, a non-ribosomal cyclic peptide from Tolypocladium inflatum. ...
Aflatoxin M1
... is the 4-hydroxy derivative of aflatoxin B1 and is secreted in the milk of mammals that consume aflatoxin B1. ... Aflatoxin M1 is usually considered to be a detoxication by-product of aflatoxin B1. The main sources of aflatoxins in feeds are ... Aspergillus flavus produces only B-type aflatoxins. Aflatoxin M1 is the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 and can be ... Aflatoxin M1 was found to be a DNA-damaging agent, with an activity about one-third that of aflatoxin B1. Many methods have ...
Aspergillus miraensis
It has been reported to produce aflatoxin B1. A. miraensis has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) plates ...
Cytochrome P450
Rawal S, Coulombe RA (August 2011). "Metabolism of aflatoxin B1 in turkey liver microsomes: the relative roles of cytochromes ... Rawal S, Kim JE, Coulombe R (December 2010). "Aflatoxin B1 in poultry: toxicology, metabolism and prevention". Research in ... in terms of their kinetic properties as well as in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1. CYPs have also been heavily studied in ...
T. A. Venkitasubramanian
"Changes in liver polyamines due to aflatoxin B1". Toxicol Lett. 34 (1): 1-4. doi:10.1016/0378-4274(86)90138-4. PMID 3097877.{{ ... He also worked on Aspergillus parasiticus, a type of mold which produces aflatoxin and in the biosynthesis of those cancer- ... T. V. Reddy; L. Viswanathan; T. A. Venkitasubramanian (September 1971). "High Aflatoxin Production on a Chemically Defined ... "Regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis: effect of adenine nucleotides, cyclic AMP and N6-O2' -dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the ...
Cancer
Aflatoxin B1, a frequent food contaminant, causes liver cancer. Betel nut chewing can cause oral cancer. National differences ...
Aspergillus astellatus
... produces Aflatoxin B1, Aflatoxin B2 and sterigmatocystin. A. astellatus has been cultivated on both ... a new producer of aflatoxin B1, B2 and sterigmatocystin". Letters in Applied Microbiology. 38 (5): 440-445. doi:10.1111/j.1472- ...
Neosaxitoxin
Gabliks J, Barter S (April-September 1987). "Comparative cytotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 and saxitoxin in cell cultures". ...
Aspergillus venezuelensis
It has been shown to produce aflatoxin B1 and sterigmatocystin. In 2016, the genome of A. venezuelensis was sequenced as a part ... Emericella venezuelensis, a new species with stellate ascospores producing sterigmatocystin and aflatoxin B1. Systematic and ...
Causes of cancer
Aflatoxin B1, a frequent food contaminate, is associated with liver cancer. Betel nut chewing has been shown to cause oral ...
Ribosomal protein SA
i) RPSA binds aflatoxin B1 both in vivo and in vitro. (ii) RPSA is a receptor for epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), which is a ...
Olumbe Bassir
Adekunle, A. A.; Bassir, O. (1973). "The effects of aflatoxin B1 and palmotoxins B0 and G0 on the germination and leaf colour ... Bassir, O.; Adekunle, A. A. (1972). "Production of aflatoxin B1 from defined natural cultures of Aspergillus flavus (link)". ... 1970 - Oxidative metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by mammalian liver slices and microsomes. 1979 - The uncoupling effect of N-( ... Bassir, Olumbe; Emafo, Philip O. (1970). "Oxidative metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by mammalian liver slices and microsomes". ...
Aspergillus flavus
The four major aflatoxins produced are B1, B2, G1, and G2. The production of the major toxins is a result of particular strains ... Both L and S strains can produce the two most common aflatoxins (B1 and B2). Unique to the S strains is the production of ... Aflatoxin B1 is the most toxic and potent hepatocarcinogenic natural compound characterized. A. flavus also produces other ... and peppers produces high concentrations of aflatoxins. A. flavus growth on spices produces low concentrations of aflatoxin as ...
CYP1A2
Other xenobiotic substrates for this enzyme include caffeine, aflatoxin B1, and paracetamol (acetaminophen). The transcript ...
Aspergillus rambellii
"Taxonomic comparison of three different groups of aflatoxin producers and a new efficient producer of aflatoxin B1, ... It accumulates very large amounts of sterigmatocystin, 3-O-methylsterigmatocystin and aflatoxin B1. A. rambellii has been ...
Peanut
Hirano, S; Shima, T; Shimada, T (August 2001). "[Proportion of aflatoxin B1 contaminated kernels and its concentration in ... The United States Department of Agriculture tests every truckload of raw peanuts for aflatoxin; any containing aflatoxin levels ... Peanuts tested to have high aflatoxin are used to make peanut oil where the mold can be removed. A warning sign for the ... Poor storage of the cake may sometimes result in its contamination by aflatoxin, a naturally occurring mycotoxin that is ...
Cellulosimicrobium funkei
"A novel strain of Cellulosimicrobium funkei can biologically detoxify aflatoxin B1 in ducklings". Microbial Biotechnology. 8 (3 ...
Sterigmatocystin
The toxic effects of sterigmatocystin are much the same as those of aflatoxin B1. It is thus considered as a potent carcinogen ... Although it is a potent liver carcinogen similar to aflatoxin B1, current knowledge suggests that it is nowhere near as ... It has been suggested that sterigmatocystin is about 1/10 as potent a carcinogen as aflatoxin B1. Toxic effects of ... is a toxic metabolite structurally closely related to the aflatoxins as it is the penultimate precursor of aflatoxins B1 and G1 ...
Linaria purpurea
and inhibitory activity on the production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in Aspergillus flavus Link. of one of its metabolites, ... anti-aflatoxin B1 agent suitable for use in the food industry. The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved ... aflatoxin_B1_AFB1_in_Aspergillus_flavus_Link_of_one_of_its_metabolites_antirrhinoside Abstract: Frezza, C., Venditti, A., ... which drastically reduced the production of aflatoxin B1 in Aspergillus flavus Link., making it a potential natural and 'green ...
GNMT
"Glycine N-methyltransferase affects the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and blocks its carcinogenic effect". Toxicology and Applied ... GNMT has been shown to detoxify some environmental carcinogens such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons and aflatoxin. There is ...
Aspergillus pseudonomius
It is most related to Aspergillus nomius, producing aflatoxin B1, chrysogine, and kojic acid. A. pseudonomius has been ... "Two new aflatoxin producing species, and an overview of Aspergillus section Flavi". Studies in Mycology. 69 (1): 57-80. doi: ... "Brazil nuts are subject to infection with B and G aflatoxin-producing fungus, Aspergillus pseudonomius". Int. J. Food Microbiol ...
Sterigmatocystin 8-O-methyltransferase
"Identification of O-methylsterigmatocystin as an aflatoxin B1 and G1 precursor in Aspergillus parasiticus". Appl. Environ. ... Yabe K, Ando Y, Hashimoto J, Hamasaki T (1989). "Two distinct O-methyltransferases in aflatoxin biosynthesis". Appl. Environ. ...
Aspergillus novoparasiticus
It has been reported to produce aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, and aflatoxin G2. A. novoparasiticus has been ...
Oncom
on growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and accumulation of aflatoxin B1 in groundnut". Mycological Research. 93 (4 ... oncomensis and Rhizopus oligosporus reduce the aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus. However, aflatoxin-producing molds ( ...
C3orf62
Aflatoxin B1, Hydralazine, Valproic acid, and Decitabine. Interstitial deletions of chromosome 3 are rare, and only a few ...
Mycotoxin
The umbrella term aflatoxin refers to four different types of mycotoxins produced, which are B1, B2, G1, and G2. Aflatoxin B1, ... Aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus species of fungi, such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus. ... Aflatoxins are largely associated with commodities produced in the tropics and subtropics, such as cotton, peanuts, spices, ... 2005). "Aflatoxin contamination of commercial maize products during an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in eastern and central ...
EPHX1
"Susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with genetic variation in the enzymatic detoxification of aflatoxin B1 ...
AKR1B1
"Major differences exist in the function and tissue-specific expression of human aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase and the ... Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (AKR1B1), also known as aldose reductase, is an enzyme that is encoded by the AKR1B1 ... "Entrez Gene: AKR1B1 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (aldose reductase)". Lee H (August 1998). "The structure and ...
Mycobacterium fluoranthenivorans
nov., a fluoranthene and aflatoxin B1 degrading bacterium from contaminated soil of a former coal gas plant. Syst. Appl. ...
F. Dean Toste
He also completed the enantioselective total syntheses of the natural products (−)-galanthamine, (−)-aflatoxin B1 and (−)- ... Enantioselective Synthesis of (−)-Aflatoxin B Lactone". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 121 (14): 3543-3544. doi: ... Enantioselective total syntheses of (--)-galanthamine, (--)-aflatoxin B₁ and (--)-calanolide A and B. Part B : ruthenium ... Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Aflatoxin B1and B2a". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 125 (10): 3090-3100. ...
List of MeSH codes (D03)
... aflatoxins MeSH D03.438.150.119.075 - aflatoxin b1 MeSH D03.438.150.119.100 - aflatoxin m1 MeSH D03.438.150.240 - chromans MeSH ... aflatoxins MeSH D03.830.219.119.075 - aflatoxin b1 MeSH D03.830.219.119.100 - aflatoxin m1 MeSH D03.830.219.240 - chromans MeSH ...
Foodborne illness
The pronounced forms of Aflatoxins are those of B1, B2, G1, and G2, amongst which Aflatoxin B1 predominantly targets the liver ... In the US, the acceptable level of total aflatoxins in foods is less than 20 μg/kg, except for Aflatoxin M1 in milk, which ... For example, an outbreak which occurred in the UK in 1960 caused the death of 100,000 turkeys which had consumed aflatoxin- ... "Aflatoxins". Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition. Retrieved August 12, 2007. "GASGA Technical Leaflet - 3 Mycotoxins in ...
Allixin
... and an inhibitory effect on aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenesis. Allixin may therefore be responsible, at least in part, for the ... DNA-binding and metabolism of aflatoxin B1". Cancer Letters. 59 (2): 89-94. doi:10.1016/0304-3835(91)90171-D. PMID 1909211. ...
Indole-3-carbinol
It promotes liver cancer in trout when it is combined with aflatoxin B1 and demotes metastasis. Indole-3-carbinol causes ... "Quantitative inter-relationships between aflatoxin B1 carcinogen dose, indole-3-carbinol anti-carcinogen dose, target organ DNA ... Results showed dose-related decreases in tumor susceptibility due to indole-3-carbinol (inferred by decreases in aflatoxin-DNA ...
Aspergillus arachidicola
A. arachidicola has been shown to produce aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, aspergillic acid, chrysogine ... Two new aflatoxin producing Aspergillus species from Agentinean peanuts. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary ... 58(3):725-735 Varga, J.; Frisvad, J.C.; Samson, R.A. (2011). "Aflatoxin producing species, and an overview of Aspergillus ...
Almond
Rushing, Blake R.; Selim, Mustafa I. (2019). "Aflatoxin B1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational ... If aflatoxin does not meet the strict safety regulations, the entire consignment may be reprocessed to eliminate the aflatoxin ... "Aflatoxins in food". European Food Safety Authority. 2010. "New EU Aflatoxin Levels and Sampling Plan" (PDF). USDA Foreign ... Almonds are susceptible to aflatoxin-producing molds. Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic chemicals produced by molds such as ...
CYP3A4
Ligand binding increases when in the presence of CYP3A4 ligands, such as in the presence of aflatoxin B1, M1, and G1. Indeed, ... Ratajewski M, Walczak-Drzewiecka A, Sałkowska A, Dastych J (August 2011). "Aflatoxins upregulate CYP3A4 mRNA expression in a ...
2013 European aflatoxin contamination
The European Commissions' Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) has reported 10 notifications of aflatoxin B1 in maize ... "Hy-Vee issues recall of several dog food products due to aflatoxin". www.theglobaldispatch.com. "Testing for aflatoxin in milk ... Aflatoxins have been mainly an "import problem" up to now. However, global warming is increasingly affecting the mycotoxin map ... Aflatoxin detected in milk from two Dutch dairy farmer - People's Daily Online Blond, Josie Le (3 March 2013). "Germany tests ...
Sugarcane juice
Drinking sugarcane juice in Egypt may pose health risks due to contamination with the mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 ... First Report on Detection of Multiple Mycotoxins and Exposure Assessment for Aflatoxins B1 and G1 in Humans". Toxins. 8 (11): ...
Economic botany
Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1". Toxins. 9 (11): 371. doi:10.3390/ ... It can enhance the immune system to defend from toxic aflatoxins. Its functions include improving memory and prevent the liver ...
Carcinogen
Aflatoxin B1, which is produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus growing on stored grains, nuts and peanut butter, is an ... This is the mechanism behind the carcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene in tobacco smoke, other aromatics, aflatoxin and mustard gas ...
Aflatoxin B1 contamination in sunflower oil collected from sunflower oil refinery situated in Karnataka
... the aflatoxin B1 contamination at various stages of oil refining and in refined oil were carried out. This was subsequently ... Aflatoxin B1 contamination in sunflower oil collected from sunflower oil refinery situated in Karnataka () ... In the present study, the aflatoxin B1 contamination at various stages of oil refining and in refined oil were carried out. ... Banu, N. and Muthumary, J. (2010) Aflatoxin B1 contamination in sunflower oil collected from sunflower oil refinery situated in ...
"Comparative Metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 in Two Quail Genera Coturnix ja" by Sean Moody
Avian species are highly susceptible to the hepatotoxic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Domesticated turkeys are exquisitely ... Comparative Metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 in Two Quail Genera Coturnix japonica and Callipepla californica ... Moody, Sean, "Comparative Metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 in Two Quail Genera Coturnix japonica and Callipepla californica" (2021). ... Avian species are highly susceptible to the hepatotoxic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Domesticated turkeys are exquisitely ...
"Estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase 5 is involved in aflatoxin B1 transpor" by YANLING YANG, YALING HUANG et al.
Numerous studies have focused on the mechanism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabolism and its carcinogenic mechanism, but how AFB1 ... Numerous studies have focused on the mechanism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabolism and its carcinogenic mechanism, but how AFB1 ... "Estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase 5 is involved in aflatoxin B1 transportation," Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences ...
25µg/mL Aflatoxin B1 in acetonitrile
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory
Calibrant containing Aflatoxin B1 at a concentration of 25μg/mL in Acetonitrile and packaged in 10mL volume. Liquid: Ready-to- ... Mycotoxin: Aflatoxin B1. Solvent: Acetonitrile. Volume: 10 mL. Vial: Chemically-treated amber borosilicate glass vial.. Storage ... Calibrant containing Aflatoxin B1 at a concentration of 25μg/mL in Acetonitrile and packaged in 10mL volume. ... mL Aflatoxin B1 in acetonitrile - In situ","public_title":"In situ","options":["In situ"],"price":15500,"weight":227,"compare_ ...
Molecular and HPLC-based approaches for detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A released from toxigenic Aspergillus species...
The production of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in processed meat constitutes a public health threat. Aflatoxin B1 is commonly ... Aflatoxin B1 was detected in six basterma samples (15%). Moreover, the ochratoxin A was detected only in four sausage samples ( ... All samples were analyzed for the production of both Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A mycotoxins by HPLC. Molecular identification ... this is the first report concerning the HPLC-Molecular-based approaches for the detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in ...
SSAFB A
SSAFB - Aflatoxin B1-lysine result (ng/mL). Variable Name: SSAFB. SAS Label: Aflatoxin B1-lysine result (ng/mL). English Text: ... SSAFBLC - Aflatoxin B1-lysine result comment code. Variable Name: SSAFBLC. SAS Label: Aflatoxin B1-lysine result comment code. ... Peak area ratios (aflatoxin B1-lysine m/z: aflatoxin B1-lysine-d4 m/z) were linearly related to concentration. Instrument ... Measurement of concentrations (ng/mL) of aflatoxin B1-lysine, derived from aflatoxin B1-albumin adducts, in a 2,104 serum ...
IMSEAR at SEARO: Aflatoxin B1 induced hepatocarcinogenesis in neonatal rats.
SENSISpec Aflatoxin B1 Rapid
Unveiling the effect of interacting forecasted abiotic factors on growth and aflatoxin B1 production kinetics by Aspergillus...
title = "Unveiling the effect of interacting forecasted abiotic factors on growth and aflatoxin B1 production kinetics by ... T1 - Unveiling the effect of interacting forecasted abiotic factors on growth and aflatoxin B1 production kinetics by ... involved in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) biosynthesis and (c) AFB1 production on a yeast extract sucrose medium over a period of 10 days ... involved in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) biosynthesis and (c) AFB1 production on a yeast extract sucrose medium over a period of 10 days ...
Anti-Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) Fab (G6) - AbYBiotech
Aflatoxin B1 in Rice Marketed in Lebanon
Part 2 Chapter 9 Tables|HuGE|Books|Resources|Genomics|CDC
ProGnosis Biotech launches lateral flow tests for aflatoxin
ProGnosis Biotech has launched two lateral flow tests for aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin. ... We participated on all mycotoxins with our ELISAs and for aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin with Symmetric B1 ES and Total ES. ... Aflatoxin B1 and 4 ppb of total aflatoxins.. Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by two species of Aspergillus, a fungus found ... ProGnosis Biotech targets aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin. By Joseph James Whitworth ...
Tle6 (TLE family member 6, subcortical maternal complex member) - Rat Genome Database
Ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus against Aflatoxin B1 | Braz. j. biol;84: e250517, 2024. tab, graf | LILACS | VETINDEX
Aflatoxin B1; Aflatoxin B1; Desintoxicação; Detoxification; HPLC; HPLC; L. Salivarius; L. salivarius ... Ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus against Aflatoxin B1 Ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus against Aflatoxin B1 / Efeitos ... Purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of broiler isolates of Lactobacillus against Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). For this ... Animais; Aflatoxina B1/análise; Aflatoxina B1/toxicidade; Probióticos; Galinhas; Lactobacillus; Ração Animal/análise ...
Liver Damage: Aflatoxin-Induced | GreenMedInfo | Disease | Natural
Aflatoxin-Induced indicating that the following substances may be helpful: Curcumin, Sulforaphane, and Semecarpus anacardium ... These results suggest that sea buckthorn oil intake decrease the severity of aflatoxin B1 toxic effects in the liver.Mar 31, ... Zinc and vitamin C oral supplementation for 1 month had an ameliorative effect on the hepatotoxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in wheat ... Chinese cabbage powder effectively reduced the incidence of liver tumour induced by aflatoxin B1 from 6.67% to 0% in animals. ...
Aflatoxin M1, B1 (AFM1, AFB1), IgG2b, Clone: 3H58, Rat, Monoclonal | Labstore
Aflatoxin levels in maize and peanut and blood in women and children: The case of Timor-Leste | Scientific Reports
The study measured levels of aflatoxin in locally-produced maize and peanuts (296 samples) and of aflatoxin-albumin conjugate ... Although low in concentration, blood aflatoxin levels and aflatoxin contamination levels in maize across municipalities were ... lower than European Commission tolerated aflatoxin level. Although aflatoxin-albumin conjugate was detected in more than 80% of ... The average concentration of aflatoxin in the grain samples was low with most maize (88%) and peanut (92%) samples - ...
Almond - Wikipedia
Rushing, Blake R.; Selim, Mustafa I. (2019). "Aflatoxin B1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational ... "Aflatoxins in food". European Food Safety Authority. 2010.. *^ "New EU Aflatoxin Levels and Sampling Plan" (PDF). USDA Foreign ... If aflatoxin does not meet the strict safety regulations, the entire consignment may be reprocessed to eliminate the aflatoxin ... Almonds are susceptible to aflatoxin-producing molds.[55] Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic chemicals produced by molds such ...
Aflatoxin B1 and M1 degradation by Lac2 from Pleurotus pulmonarius and redox mediators
Aflatoxin B1; Aflatoxin M1; Biodegradation; Laccase; Mycotoxins; Pleurotus; Redox mediators; Toxicology; Health, Toxicology and ... Aflatoxin B1 and M1 degradation by Lac2 from Pleurotus pulmonarius and redox mediators. LOI, MARTINA;Fanelli, Francesca;ZUCCA, ... In this study we elucidate the degrading activity of Lac2 pure enzyme form Pleurotus pulmonarius towards aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) ... In this study we elucidate the degrading activity of Lac2 pure enzyme form Pleurotus pulmonarius towards aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) ...
The mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 stimulates Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-cell transformation in in vitro and in vivo experimental...
The mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 stimulates Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-cell transformation in in vitro and in vivo experimental ... The mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 stimulates Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-cell transformation in in vitro and in vivo experimental ... and partners demonstrates in in vitro and in vivo experimental models that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) stimulates the oncogenic ... www.iarc.who.int/fr/news-events/the-mycotoxin-aflatoxin-b1-stimulates-epstein-barr-virus-induced-b-cell-transformation-in-in- ...
Details for: Laboratory decontamination and destruction of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 in laboratory wastes / › WHO...
Details for: Laboratory decontamination and destruction of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 in laboratory wastes / ... Laboratory decontamination and destruction of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 in laboratory wastes / editors, M. Castegnaro ... [et ... Aflatoxins , Decontamination -- methods , Laboratories -- standards , Refuse disposal -- methodsNLM classification: QZ 202 ...
Aflatoxin mix1 Standard solution Aflatoxin B1. G1 B2 G2 in Acetonitril pack 1 ml|quality ★★★★★ price ✓
We sell Aflatoxin mix1 Standard solution Aflatoxin B1. G1 B2 G2 in Acetonitril pack 1 ml ... Aflatoxin mix1 Standard solution Aflatoxin B1. G1 B2 G2 in Acetonitril pack 1 ml. Reference 9833243 ... Standard solution a 2 µg/mL Aflatoxin B1 & G1 and a 0.5 µg/mL Aflatoxin B2 & G2 in Acetonitril. Documentation acc. to Guides ... Aflatoxin mix1 Standard solution Aflatoxin B1. G1 B2 G2 in Acetonitril pack 1 ml ...
Immunoaffinity Column Comb for Aflatoxins (B1,B2,G1,G2), Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A
Accurate and Reliable Immunoaffinity Column for Aflatoxins, Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A with factory price and ship all over ... The Aflatoxin B1 ELISA Test Kit is a competitive ELISA for the qualitative or quantitative analysis of aflatoxin B1 in feed and ... Home,Technologies,Pre-Treatment,Immunoaffinity Columns (IAC),Immunoaffinity Column Comb for Aflatoxins (B1,B2,G1,G2), ... The kit is a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay that determines a quantitative level for the presence of aflatoxin B1 and ...
Global Environment Monitoring System : Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme (GEMS/Food) : compilation of...
Lukasz BINKOWSKI | Professor (Associate) | Ph.D. | Institute of Biology
Analytical Methods Review Articles 2021 Home
Animal feed and bedding | RPS
RGD Reference Report - Generation of a New Model Rat: Nrf2 Knockout Rats Are Sensitive to Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity. - Rat Genome...
AFB1AspergillusExposureAdductsZearalenoneMycotoxin aflatoxinDeterminationHepatocellularFumonisinsCornBiosynthesisDietaryOchratoxinMetabolitesConcentrationToxicityHighly susceptibleSusceptibleLiverQuantitativeIngestionDetectionEnzymePotentRats1993RapidLimitsSerumGrainMeasurementMaizeEffectsFoodWheatCancerProteinStudyProductionProductsTotal
AFB114
- Numerous studies have focused on the mechanism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabolism and its carcinogenic mechanism, but how AFB1 is transported into hepatocytes and how it is transferred inside hepatocytes remains unknown. (tubitak.gov.tr)
- 0.985 vs 0.930) and CO2 exposure (400 vs 1000 ppm) on (a) growth of Aspergillus flavus and effects on (b) gene expression of a structural (aflD) and key regulatory gene (aflR) involved in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) biosynthesis and (c) AFB1 production on a yeast extract sucrose medium over a period of 10 days. (herts.ac.uk)
- Role of cell replication on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced hepatocarcinogenesis was investigated in neonatal rats showing persistence of cell replication in the liver for 21 days of post natal life. (who.int)
- Being cultivated in subtropical and tropical hot and humid areas, A. flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. nomius fungi can contaminate rice and produce mycotoxins including the highly hepatotoxic and carcinogenic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). (edu.lb)
- In this study we elucidate the degrading activity of Lac2 pure enzyme form Pleurotus pulmonarius towards aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and M1 (AFM1). (unica.it)
- A new study by researchers from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and partners demonstrates in in vitro and in vivo experimental models that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) stimulates the oncogenic potential of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. (who.int)
- Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by naturally occurring fungi on food , and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is carcinogenic, immunotoxic and hepatotoxic. (bvsalud.org)
- Aflatoxin exposure was assessed at 12 months using serum AFB1- lysine pg/mg albumin biomarker measured using high performance liquid chromatography -fluorescent detection . (bvsalud.org)
- Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus spp. (olmdiagnostics.com)
- abstract = "Elevated aflatoxin B1-albumin adducts (AFB1-Alb) have been associated with an increased risk for HCC development. (nyu.edu)
- This research aimed to observe the interaction of methionine-cysteine amino acid supplementation to decrease the effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on diet against production performance of broiler chicken. (ugm.ac.id)
- HBV demonstrates the ability to integrate and bind to p53 protein in the host DNA and propagate hepatocyte vulnerability through carcinogenic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) damage. (who.int)
- Le VHB démontre sa capacité à s'intégrer et à se lier à la protéine p53 dans l'ADN de l'hôte et à propager la vulnérabilité des hépatocytes par le biais de dommages cancérigènes à l'aflatoxine B1 (AFB1). (who.int)
- Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) appears in milk and dairy products, as a result results, improper follow-ups or even lack of further investigation on of ingestion of contaminated feed with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). (cdc.gov)
Aspergillus7
- Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by two species of Aspergillus , a fungus found in areas with hot and humid climates. (foodnavigator.com)
- Aflatoxins are toxic fungal metabolites produced by Aspergillus sp. (nature.com)
- Comparative mapping of aflatoxin pathway gene clusters in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus. (genome.jp)
- avnA, a gene encoding a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase, is involved in the conversion of averantin to averufin in aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus. (genome.jp)
- Aflatoxin B1 is produced by some strains of the fungus Aspergillus flavus that thrive on improperly stored corn, rice, and peanuts. (humpath.com)
- 2001). Although numerous toxic fungal metabolites can be found in maize, attention has focused on the few mycotoxins that occur with greater frequency such as aflatoxins that are a group of secondary metabolites produced by the Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus . (ac.be)
- Aflatoxin is a potent 'natural' poison that's produced by a common type of food mold known as Aspergillus flavus . (dogfoodadvisor.com)
Exposure8
- An isotope dilution mass spectrometry based method (LC-MS/MS triple quadrupole MS using electrospray ionization) was used for routine quantitation of AFB-lys as a measure of individual exposure to aflatoxin B1. (cdc.gov)
- There is evidence that aflatoxin exposure plays a role in the pathogenesis of liver cancer in the US population. (greenmedinfo.com)
- This study aimed to provide information on aflatoxin exposure nationally. (nature.com)
- For aflatoxin the guidelines to regulate the levels of its exposure relate to human food and animal feed 8 . (nature.com)
- Chronic hepatitis B infection, caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and exposure to aflatoxins is fundamental in the formation of HCC in developing countries. (who.int)
- Chronic, long-term exposure to tiny, undetectable amounts of aflatoxin in your pet's food has the potential to cause serious damage to the future health of your dog. (dogfoodadvisor.com)
- Effects of prenatal aflatoxin B1 exposure on behaviors of rat offspring. (bvsalud.org)
- REDDY, P. S. Prenatal exposure to aflatoxin B1: developmental, behavioral, and reproductive alterations in male rats. (bvsalud.org)
Adducts4
- Measurement of concentrations (ng/mL) of aflatoxin B1-lysine, derived from aflatoxin B1-albumin adducts, in a 2,104 serum sample subset of NHANES 1999-2000. (cdc.gov)
- 2005) was used to assess aflatoxin-albumin adducts in serum. (cdc.gov)
- Aflatoxin B1 adducts were hydrolyzed from serum albumin using enzymatic digestion with pronase which was incubated in a 40°C water bath for 4 hours or overnight at 37°C. Once digestion was complete, samples were transferred to an automated solid phase extraction (SPE) system. (cdc.gov)
- Elevated aflatoxin B 1 -albumin adducts (AFB 1 -Alb) have been associated with an increased risk for HCC development. (nyu.edu)
Zearalenone1
- Some of the most frequently detected mycotoxin combinations (e.g. deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, or aflatoxins and fumonisins) may exert additive or synergistic effects according to published studies. (biomin.net)
Mycotoxin aflatoxin1
- Avian species are highly susceptible to the hepatotoxic mycotoxin aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ). (usu.edu)
Determination3
- Sensitive method for the quantitative determination of Aflatoxin B1 in cereals and beer/gyle. (goldstandarddiagnostics.com)
- Thin layer chromatographic determination of aflatoxin in corn dust. (cdc.gov)
- A high performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed for the determination of aflatoxin B1 in cereals. (chromatographyonline.com)
Hepatocellular2
- Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes XRCC4 and XRCC5 and aflatoxin B1-related hepatocellular carcinoma. (cdc.gov)
- The more typical form of hepatocellular carcinoma is often associated with active hepatic inflammation, hepatitis B or C viral infection, alcohol-related liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis from any other cause, or dietary aflatoxin B1. (medscape.com)
Fumonisins3
- Based on the 83 corn samples tested to date, initial surveillance of 2022 corn crop suggests that mycotoxin occurrence is somewhat increased compared to 2021, with the greatest shifts in Fumonisins (+13% points) and Aflatoxins (+16% points). (dsm.com)
- The Committee evaluated the following eight mycotoxins that contaminate food: aflatoxin M1, fumonisins B1, B2 and B3, ochratoxin A, and the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol and T-2 and HT-2 toxins. (who.int)
- The Committee allocated a group provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 2 µg/kg of body weight to fumonisins B1, B2 and B3, alone or in combination. (who.int)
Corn7
- A highly stable, sensitive, regenerable and rapid immunoassay for detecting aflatoxin B 1 in corn incorporating covalent AFB 1 immobilization and a recombinant Fab antibody. (abybiotech.com)
- The mean aflatoxin-B1 ground corn. (cdc.gov)
- In May 2006, in Kenya, an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis was reported, where aflatoxin contamination of homegrown corn has been a recurrent problem. (marketsandmarkets.com)
- CDC teams worked with the Kenyan Ministry of Health for the trial of a rapid, portable aflatoxin screening tool that could be used in the field to identify contaminated corn and guide urgent corn replacement efforts during an outbreak. (marketsandmarkets.com)
- Corn has been the most common source of aflatoxin in every poison-related dog food recall . (dogfoodadvisor.com)
- We've noted zero aflatoxin-related recalls from major brands, including those that use corn in their recipes. (dogfoodadvisor.com)
- Corn is not the only source of aflatoxin. (dogfoodadvisor.com)
Biosynthesis2
Dietary2
- Dietary determinants of aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct among infants in Nepal. (bvsalud.org)
- Several studies have linked Infertility associated spermatotoxicty/spermato-mutagenesis of Adult male Wister dietary exposed to aflatoxin B, the dynamics may be as a result of chromosomal aberration or simply by its anti-spermatogenesis properties. (ijrhs.org)
Ochratoxin1
- The immunoaffinity column can selectively adsorb aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1, G2) and Ochratoxin A from the sample solution, thereby having a highly targeted purification effect on the sample. (mzfoodtest.com)
Metabolites2
- In this context, recent studies have demonstrated EN capability in order to discriminate between non-infected and infected samples with different species or different strain of toxigenic fungi, through the production of volatile secondary metabolites and to demonstrate the variation of the metabolic pathway due to the contamination of grain (Keshri et al. (ac.be)
- Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1. (bvsalud.org)
Concentration5
- Calibrant containing Aflatoxin B1 at a concentration of 25μg/mL in Acetonitrile and packaged in 10mL volume. (trilogylab.com)
- Peak area ratios (aflatoxin B1-lysine m/z: aflatoxin B1-lysine-d 4 m/z) were linearly related to concentration. (cdc.gov)
- The average concentration of aflatoxin in the grain samples was low with most maize (88%) and peanut (92%) samples - lower than European Commission tolerated aflatoxin level. (nature.com)
- Although aflatoxin-albumin conjugate was detected in more than 80% of blood samples, the average concentration in children and adults of 0.64 and 0.98 pg mg −1 alb, respectively, is much lower than in other similar rural-based countries. (nature.com)
- These results could be used in further studies aimed at development of a robust classification model, which could be useful to screen for aflatoxins at concentration limits proposed by the European legislation. (ac.be)
Toxicity2
- Generation of a New Model Rat: Nrf2 Knockout Rats Are Sensitive to Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity. (mcw.edu)
- Aflatoxin has the highest toxicity of all mold toxins. (dogfoodadvisor.com)
Highly susceptible1
- Dogs are highly susceptible to aflatoxin poisoning. (dogfoodadvisor.com)
Susceptible2
Liver6
- Astaxanthin alleviated aflatoxin B1-induced liver damage. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Both Nigella sativa and date reduce the toxic effects of aflatoxin-B1 in liver and kidney. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Chinese cabbage powder effectively reduced the incidence of liver tumour induced by aflatoxin B1 from 6.67% to 0% in animals. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 are a principal public health concern because of their pivotal role in the occurrence of primary liver cancer. (ac.be)
- It's aflatoxin… the deadly poison produced by that mold… that can cause liver failure, cancer and death … in dogs. (dogfoodadvisor.com)
- Based on worst-case assumptions, the projected risk of liver cancer attributable to aflatoxin M1 would be very small if either of these maximum levels were implemented. (who.int)
Quantitative2
- The kit is a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay that determines a quantitative level for the presence of aflatoxin B1 and is intended for use in nuts, grain and feed. (mzfoodtest.com)
- The Aflatoxin B1 ELISA Test Kit is a competitive ELISA for the qualitative or quantitative analysis of aflatoxin B1 in feed and feed material.Brochure-Grains & Feed Test. (mzfoodtest.com)
Ingestion1
- Ingestion of foods contaminated with aflatoxin B1. (oncolink.org)
Detection1
- An electronic nose (EN) may represent a promising analytical tool to be used for an early detection of mould spoilage in grain. (ac.be)
Enzyme1
- The direct effect of the enzyme and the mediated action of Lac2 with redox mediators univocally proved the correlation between Lac2 activity and aflatoxins degradation. (unica.it)
Potent2
- Aflatoxin B1 is the most common in food and among the most potent genotoxic and carcinogenic. (foodnavigator.com)
- Among the several known chemical carcinogens produced by plants and microorganisms, the potent hepatic carcinogen aflatoxin B1 is particularly important. (humpath.com)
Rats1
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Aflatoxin B1 induced hepatocarcinogenesis in neonatal rats. (who.int)
19931
- Since 1993, aflatoxin B1 has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as carcinogenic to humans (group 1) (IARC, 1993). (ac.be)
Rapid1
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for use of an electronic nose for rapid identification of maize samples contaminated with aflatoxins. (ac.be)
Limits1
- The European Union lower limits are 2 parts per billion (ppb) for Aflatoxin B1 and 4 ppb of total aflatoxins. (foodnavigator.com)
Serum1
- In brief, the laboratory used a high throughput method in which 250µL serum was robotically aliquoted into 96-well plates and spiked with 100µL of tetradeuterated internal standard (aflatoxin B1-lysine-d 4 ) to account for recovery. (cdc.gov)
Grain4
- It is unlikely that the consumption of aflatoxin contaminated grain is a causative factor in the current level of malnutrition and stunting affecting Timor-Leste children. (nature.com)
- Aflatoxin-affected grain presents a major global health issue to both commercial and subsistence farming. (nature.com)
- Subsistence farmers, who both produce and consume their own produce, are especially exposed to the negative impacts of aflatoxin affected grain, as it is not subject to quality testing. (nature.com)
- The Charm II radioimmunoassay aflatoxin test for grain detects aflatoxin B1 at 5 to 40 ppb. (charm.com)
Measurement1
- Analysis included chloroform extraction of dust samples, purification of extracts on a silica gel column, and measurement of aflatoxin (1402682) by either one or two dimensional TLC. (cdc.gov)
Maize3
- The study measured levels of aflatoxin in locally-produced maize and peanuts (296 samples) and of aflatoxin-albumin conjugate in blood samples of women and young children (514 and 620 respectively) across all municipalities. (nature.com)
- Both crops are cultivated in a tropical environment conducive to aflatoxin contamination with temperatures ranging from 25-35 °C. The rural population of Timor-Leste predominately comprises subsistence farmers, who generally eat what they produce, so contamination of maize and peanuts with aflatoxin will rapidly enter people's diets. (nature.com)
- The obtained results indicate that the electronic nose was able to distinguish between maize samples according to the presence and absence of total aflatoxins. (ac.be)
Effects4
- A phenolics rich extract of ginger had protective effects against Aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Curcumin administration ameliorated the induced effects of aflatoxin B1. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Effects of chlorophyll and chlorophyllin on low-dose aflatoxin B(1) pharmacokinetics in human volunteers. (oregonstate.edu)
- Aflatoxin M1 contamination in different types of milk: A risk for genotoxic effects is evaluated after considering ADME data. (cdc.gov)
Food4
- Aflatoxin B1 pollution is one of the most critical issues of food safety and has been categorized as a group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. (rsc.org)
- Aflatoxin is one of the most dangerous natural poisons known to food scientists. (dogfoodadvisor.com)
- Aflatoxin has led to the tragic death of hundreds of dogs … and has caused an increasing number of life-threatening dog food recalls . (dogfoodadvisor.com)
- Compared to almost any other dog food contaminant , aflatoxin has the potential to be FAR more dangerous . (dogfoodadvisor.com)
Wheat1
- Zinc and vitamin C oral supplementation for 1 month had an ameliorative effect on the hepatotoxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in wheat miller workers. (greenmedinfo.com)
Cancer1
- The effect of green tea catechins on breast cancer resistance protein activity and intestinal efflux of aflatoxin B1 via breast cancer resistance protein in Caco-2 cells. (olmdiagnostics.com)
Protein1
- The nearness of CAP1 in epididymal liquid, presumably beginning from spermatozoa, proposes that aflatoxin B1 initiate barrenness by a pre-previous protein in preparation. (ijrhs.org)
Study1
- In the present study, the aflatoxin B1 contamination at various stages of oil refining and in refined oil were carried out. (scirp.org)
Production1
- For example, significant fractions of samples from South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia exceeded the European Union maximum level for aflatoxin B 1 indicating a potential threat to animal production. (biomin.net)
Products1
- Chong, Y.H. (1966) Aflatoxins in groundnuts and groundnut products. (scirp.org)
Total4
- ProGnosis Biotech has launched two lateral flow tests for aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin. (foodnavigator.com)
- Symmetric B1 ES and Symmetric Total ES can have two different extractions. (foodnavigator.com)
- Quantification ranges are 0-8 ppb for Symmetric B1 ES and Total ES, methanol or water extraction. (foodnavigator.com)
- We participated on all mycotoxins with our ELISAs and for aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin with Symmetric B1 ES and Total ES. (foodnavigator.com)