AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceHealth Care
Aflatoxin B1AflatoxinsAflatoxin M1Aspergillus flavusAspergillusSterigmatocystinEthoxyquinPoisonsFood ContaminationCarcinogensBiotransformationMutagensAnthraquinonesDichlorvosLiver Neoplasms, ExperimentalLiverArachis hypogaeaMycotoxinsDNA AdductsRats, Inbred F344MycotoxicosisCondimentsMutagenicity TestsLiver NeoplasmsOchratoxinsMicrosomes, LiverZearalenoneAldehyde ReductaseGlutathione TransferaseAntimutagenic AgentsCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemBenzoflavonesChromatography, Thin LayerCarcinoma, HepatocellularDNACitrininMetabolic Detoxication, DrugMethylcholanthreneGuanineFood Microbiologygamma-GlutamyltransferaseButylated HydroxyanisoleTroutZea maysChromatography, High Pressure LiquidOrotic AcidDictionaries, MedicalCottonseed OilBiotinAntibodiesAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibody Specificity
Aflatoxin B1
A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.
Aflatoxins
Furano-furano-benzopyrans that are produced by ASPERGILLUS from STERIGMATOCYSTIN. They are structurally related to COUMARINS and easily oxidized to an epoxide form to become ALKYLATING AGENTS. Members of the group include AFLATOXIN B1; aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2; AFLATOXIN M1; and aflatoxin M2.
Aflatoxin M1
A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).
Aspergillus flavus
A species of imperfect fungi which grows on peanuts and other plants and produces the carcinogenic substance aflatoxin. It is also used in the production of the antibiotic flavicin.
Aspergillus
A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family Trichocomaceae.
Sterigmatocystin
A carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds, Aspergillus versicolor, A. nidulans, and an unidentified species of Bipolaris. It causes necrosis of the liver and kidney and has an inhibitory effect on orotic acid incorporation into nuclear RNA.
Ethoxyquin
Antioxidant; also a post-harvest dip to prevent scald on apples and pears.
Poisons
Substances which, when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed, or when applied to, injected into, or developed within the body in relatively small amounts may, by their chemical action, cause damage to structure or disturbance of function. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Food Contamination
The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.
Carcinogens
Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Mutagens
Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.
Anthraquinones
Compounds based on ANTHRACENES which contain two KETONES in any position. Substitutions can be in any position except on the ketone groups.
Dichlorvos
An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.
Liver Neoplasms, Experimental
Experimentally induced tumors of the LIVER.
Liver
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
Arachis hypogaea
A plant species of the family FABACEAE that yields edible seeds, the familiar peanuts, which contain protein, oil and lectins.
Mycotoxins
Toxic compounds produced by FUNGI.
DNA Adducts
The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA.
Rats, Inbred F344
Mycotoxicosis
Poisoning caused by the ingestion of mycotoxins (toxins of fungal origin).
Condiments
Aromatic substances added to food before or after cooking to enhance its flavor. These are usually of vegetable origin.
Mutagenicity Tests
Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential. They include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests.
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.
Ochratoxins
Isocoumarins found in ASPERGILLUS OCHRACEUS and other FUNGI. Ochratoxin contaminated FOOD has been responsible for cases of FOODBORNE DISEASES.
Microsomes, Liver
Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.
Zearalenone
(S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.
Aldehyde Reductase
An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the oxidation of an aldose to an alditol. It possesses broad specificity for many aldoses. EC 1.1.1.21.
Glutathione Transferase
A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite.
Antimutagenic Agents
Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced mutations independently of the mechanism involved.
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Benzoflavones
Organic compounds containing a BENZENE ring attached to a flavone group. Some of these are potent arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitors. They may also inhibit the binding of NUCLEIC ACIDS to BENZOPYRENES and related compounds. The designation includes all isomers; the 7,8-isomer is most frequently encountered.
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Citrinin
Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.
Metabolic Detoxication, Drug
Reduction of pharmacologic activity or toxicity of a drug or other foreign substance by a living system, usually by enzymatic action. It includes those metabolic transformations that make the substance more soluble for faster renal excretion.
Methylcholanthrene
A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.
Guanine
Food Microbiology
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.
gamma-Glutamyltransferase
An enzyme, sometimes called GGT, with a key role in the synthesis and degradation of GLUTATHIONE; (GSH, a tripeptide that protects cells from many toxins). It catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid.
Butylated Hydroxyanisole
Mixture of 2- and 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenols that is used as an antioxidant in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
Trout
Various fish of the family SALMONIDAE, usually smaller than salmon. They are mostly restricted to cool clear freshwater. Some are anadromous. They are highly regarded for their handsome colors, rich well-flavored flesh, and gameness as an angling fish. The genera Salvelinus, Salmo, and ONCORHYNCHUS have been introduced virtually throughout the world.
Zea mays
A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.
Orotic Acid
Dictionaries, Medical
Cottonseed Oil
Oil obtained from the seeds of Gossypium herbaceum L., the cotton plant. It is used in dietary products such as oleomargarine and many cooking oils. Cottonseed oil is commonly used in soaps and cosmetics.
Biotin
A water-soluble, enzyme co-factor present in minute amounts in every living cell. It occurs mainly bound to proteins or polypeptides and is abundant in liver, kidney, pancreas, yeast, and milk.
Antibodies
Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).
Antibodies, Monoclonal
Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.
Antibody Specificity
The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Protective alterations in phase 1 and 2 metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by oltipraz in residents of Qidong, People's Republic of China. (1/513)

BACKGROUND: Residents of Qidong, People's Republic of China, are at high risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma, in part due to consumption of foods contaminated with aflatoxins, which require metabolic activation to become carcinogenic. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase IIa chemoprevention trial, we tested oltipraz, an antischistosomal drug that has been shown to be a potent and effective inhibitor of aflatoxin-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in animal models. METHODS: In 1995, 234 adults from Qidong were enrolled. Healthy eligible individuals were randomly assigned to receive by mouth 125 mg oltipraz daily, 500 mg oltipraz weekly, or a placebo. Sequential immunoaffinity chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or to fluorescence detection were used to identify and quantify phase 1 and phase 2 metabolites of aflatoxin B1 in the urine of study participants. Reported P values are two-sided. RESULTS: One month of weekly administration of 500 mg oltipraz led to a 51% decrease in median levels of the phase 1 metabolite aflatoxin M1 excreted in urine compared with administration of a placebo (P = .030), but it had no effect on levels of a phase 2 metabolite, aflatoxin-mercapturic acid (P = .871). By contrast, daily intervention with 125 mg oltipraz led to a 2.6-fold increase in median aflatoxin-mercapturic acid excretion (P = .017) but had no effect on excreted aflatoxin M1 levels (P = .682). CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent, high-dose oltipraz inhibited phase 1 activation of aflatoxins, and sustained low-dose oltipraz increased phase 2 conjugation of aflatoxin, yielding higher levels of aflatoxin-mercapturic acid. While both mechanisms can contribute to protection, this study highlights the feasibility of inducing phase 2 enzymes as a chemopreventive strategy in humans.  (+info)

Determinants of specificity for aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide in alpha-class glutathione S-transferases. (2/513)

We have used homology modelling, based on the crystal structure of the human glutathione S-transferase (GST) A1-1, to obtain the three-dimensional structures of rat GSTA3 and rat GSTA5 subunits bound to S-aflatoxinyl-glutathione. The resulting models highlight two residues, at positions 208 and 108, that could be important for determining, either directly or indirectly, substrate specificity for aflatoxin-exo-8,9-epoxide among the Alpha-class GSTs. Residues at these positions were mutated in human GSTA1-1 (Met-208, Leu-108), rat GSTA3-3 (Glu-208, His-108) and rat GSTA5-5 (Asp-208, Tyr-108): in the active rat GSTA5-5 to those in the inactive GSTA1-1; and in the inactive human GSTA1-1 and rat GSTA3-3 to those in the active rat GSTA5-5. These studies show clearly that, in all three GSTs, an aspartate residue at position 208 is a prerequisite for high activity in aflatoxin-exo-8,9-epoxide conjugation, although this alone is not sufficient; other residues in the vicinity, particularly residues 103-112, are important, perhaps for the optimal orientation of the aflatoxin-exo-8,9-epoxide in the active site for catalysis to occur.  (+info)

Regional differences in production of aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid by soil isolates of aspergillus flavus along a transect within the United States. (3/513)

Soil isolates of Aspergillus flavus from a transect extending from eastern New Mexico through Georgia to eastern Virginia were examined for production of aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid in a liquid medium. Peanut fields from major peanut-growing regions (western Texas; central Texas; Georgia and Alabama; and Virginia and North Carolina) were sampled, and fields with other crops were sampled in regions where peanuts are not commonly grown. The A. flavus isolates were identified as members of either the L strain (n = 774), which produces sclerotia that are >400 micrometer in diameter, or the S strain (n = 309), which produces numerous small sclerotia that are <400 micrometer in diameter. The S-strain isolates generally produced high levels of aflatoxin B1, whereas the L-strain isolates were more variable in aflatoxin production; variation in cyclopiazonic acid production also was greater in the L strain than in the S strain. There was a positive correlation between aflatoxin B1 production and cyclopiazonic acid production in both strains, although 12% of the L-strain isolates produced only cyclopiazonic acid. Significant differences in production of aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid by the L-strain isolates were detected among regions. In the western half of Texas and the peanut-growing region of Georgia and Alabama, 62 to 94% of the isolates produced >10 microgram of aflatoxin B1 per ml. The percentages of isolates producing >10 microgram of aflatoxin B1 per ml ranged from 0 to 52% in the remaining regions of the transect; other isolates were often nonaflatoxigenic. A total of 53 of the 126 L-strain isolates that did not produce aflatoxin B1 or cyclopiazonic acid were placed in 17 vegetative compatibility groups. Several of these groups contained isolates from widely separated regions of the transect.  (+info)

Potency of dietary indole-3-carbinol as a promoter of aflatoxin B1-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis: results from a 9000 animal tumor study. (4/513)

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a metabolite of glucobrassicin found in cruciferous vegetables, is documented as acting as a modulator of carcinogenesis and, depending on timing and dose of administration, it may promote hepatocarcinogenesis in some animal models. In this study we demonstrate that, when given post-initiation, dietary I3C promotes aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the rainbow trout model at levels as low as 500 p.p.m. Trout embryos (approximately 9000) were initiated with 0, 25, 50, 100, 175 or 250 p.p.b. AFB1 by a 30 min immersion. Experimental diets containing 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 or 1250 p.p.m. I3C were administered starting at 3 months and fish were sampled for liver tumors at 11-13 months. Promotion at the level of tumor incidence was statistically significant for all dietary levels, except 250 p.p.m. Relative potency for promotion markedly increased at dietary levels >750 p.p.m. We propose that more than one mechanism could be involved in promotion and that both estrogenic and Ah receptor-mediated pathways could be active. The estrogenicity of I3C, measured as its ability to induce vitellogenin (an estrogen biomarker in oviparous vertebrates) was evident at the lowest dietary level (250 p.p.m.), whereas CYPIA (a P450 isozyme induced through the Ah receptor pathway) was not induced until dietary levels of 1000 p.p.m. Therefore, at lower dietary levels, promotion by I3C in this model could be explained by estrogenic activities of I3C acid derivatives, as it is known that estrogens promote hepatocarcinogenesis in trout. Much stronger promotion was observed at high dietary I3C levels (1000 and 1250 p.p.m.), at which levels both CYP1A and vitellogenin were induced.  (+info)

Downregulation of DNA excision repair by the hepatitis B virus-x protein occurs in p53-proficient and p53-deficient cells. (5/513)

Synergism between exposure to chemical carcinogens and infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been implicated in the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study we report that the HBV protein HBx, inhibits cellular DNA repair capacity in a p53-independent manner. Two alternative assays were used: the host cell reactivation assay, which measures the cell's capacity to repair DNA damage in a reporter plasmid, and unscheduled DNA synthesis, which measures the overall DNA repair capacity in damaged cells. Two p53-proficient cell lines, the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 and liver epithelial cell line CCL13, were co-transfected with the pCMV-HBx reporter plasmid and the pCMV-CAT plasmid damaged with UVC radiation. Compared with cells transfected with control plasmid, the presence of HBx resulted in approximately 50% inhibition of the cell's capacity to reactivate CAT activity of UVC-damaged plasmid, and approximately 25% inhibition of unscheduled DNA synthesis in cells treated with either aflatoxin B1 epoxide or UVC radiation. Using the p53-deficient cell line Saos-2, we demonstrated that expression of HBx also resulted in diminished overall cellular DNA repair of damage induced by both aflatoxin B1 epoxide and UVC radiation, using both the host cell reactivation and unscheduled DNA synthesis assays. In summary, this study provides evidence for p53-independent regulation of DNA repair by HBx.  (+info)

Divergence of West African and North American communities of Aspergillus section Flavi. (6/513)

West African Aspergillus flavus S isolates differed from North American isolates. Both produced aflatoxin B1. However, 40 and 100% of West African isolates also produced aflatoxin G1 in NH4 medium and urea medium, respectively. No North American S strain isolate produced aflatoxin G1. This geographical and physiological divergence may influence aflatoxin management.  (+info)

Expression of stably transfected murine glutathione S-transferase A3-3 protects against nucleic acid alkylation and cytotoxicity by aflatoxin B1 in hamster V79 cells expressing rat cytochrome P450-2B1. (7/513)

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is activated to AFB1-8,9-oxide (AFBO), a potent mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolite of AFB1. In the mouse, AFBO has been shown to be most efficiently detoxified by a specific isozyme of alpha-class glutathione S-transferase (GST), mGSTA3-3 (mGST-Yc). A hamster V79 cell line (V79MZr2B1, originally designated V79/SD1) previously transfected with the rat cytochrome P450-2B1 was stably transfected with an mGSTA3-3 expression vector, to study the chemopreventive role of GST in protecting against cytotoxicity or genotoxicity of AFBO. Immunoblotting demonstrated strong expression of an alpha-class GST in the mGSTA3-3 transfected cell line, whereas no detectable alpha-class GST protein was observed in the control (empty vector-transfected) cells. Previous studies with the V79MZr2B1 cell line indicated that it can activate AFB1 to a mutagenic metabolite via a transfected rat P450-2B1 stably expressed in the cells. We examined the ability of the expressed mGSTA3-3 to protect against AFB1-induced cytotoxicity or [3H]-covalent adduct formation in cellular nucleic acids. Exposure of empty vector-transfected control cells and mGSTA3-3 expressing cells to up to 600 nM [3H]-AFB1 indicated that a 70-80% reduction in DNA and RNA adducts was afforded by the expression of mGSTA3-3 in the transfected cells. Clonogenic survival assays showed that the mGSTA3-3 cell line was 4.6-fold resistant to AFB1 cytotoxicity as compared with the empty vector-transfected control SD1 cells, with IC50 values of 69 and 15 microM, respectively. The results of these studies demonstrate that mGSTA3-3 confers substantial protection against nucleic acid covalent modification and cytotoxicity by AFB1 in this transgenic cell model system.  (+info)

XRCC1 polymorphisms: effects on aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts and glycophorin A variant frequency. (8/513)

Hereditary genetic defects in DNA repair lead to increased risk of cancer. Polymorphisms in several DNA repair genes have been identified; however, the impact on repair phenotype has not been elucidated. We explored the relationship between polymorphisms in the DNA repair enzyme, XRCC1 (codons 194, 280, and 399), and genotoxic end points measured in two populations: (a) placental aflatoxin B1 DNA (AFB1-DNA) adducts in a group of Taiwanese maternity subjects (n = 120); and (b) somatic glycophorin A (GPA) variants in erythrocytes from a group of North Carolina smokers and nonsmokers (n = 59). AFB1-DNA adducts were measured by ELISA, and erythrocyte GPA variant frequency (NN and NO) was assessed in MN heterozygotes with a flow cytometric assay. XRCC1 genotypes were identified by PCR-RFLPs. The XRCC1 399Gln allele was significantly associated with higher levels of both AFB1-DNA adducts and GPA NN mutations. Individuals with the 399Gln allele were at risk for detectable adducts (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.4; P = 0.03). GPA NN variant frequency was significantly higher in 399Gln homozygotes (19.6 x 10(-6)) than in Gln/Arg heterozygotes (11.4 x 10(-6); P < 0.05) or Arg/Arg homozygotes (10.1 x 10(-6); P = 0.01). No significant effects were observed for other XRCC1 polymorphisms. These results suggest that the Arg399Gln amino acid change may alter the phenotype of the XRCC1 protein, resulting in deficient DNA repair.  (+info)

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https://clonagen.com/product_description.php?product_name=aflatoxin-b1-afb1-mouse-monoclonal-antibody&id=5152481
Early Detection of the Aflatoxin B₁ Mutational Fingerprint: A Diagnostic Tool for Liver CancerEarly Detection of the Aflatoxin B₁ Mutational Fingerprint: A Diagnostic Tool for Liver Cancer
Using duplex-consensus sequencing technology, we recently identified the characteristic high-resolution mutational spectrum of the liver carcinogen aflatoxin B₁ in a mouse model, many months before aflatoxin-induced tumors are detectable. The diagnostic power of this spectrum is then demonstrated by accurately identifying, among the sequenced human liver tumors, the subset of cancers associated with aflatoxin B₁ exposure. Keywords: Duplex sequencing; HCC; hepatocellular carcinoma; mutagenesis; mutational signature; ...
https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/117661
Detection of Aflatoxin B1 with a Label-Free Ellipsometry Immunosensor - Sheffield Hallam University Research ArchiveDetection of Aflatoxin B1 with a Label-Free Ellipsometry Immunosensor - Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive
The method of spectroscopic ellipsometry in total internal reflection mode (TIRE) was utilised for detection of Aflatoxin B1. The method of TIRE with the improved data analysis was capable of detection of aflatoxin molecules in low concentrations (down to 0.04 ng/ml) using a label-free and cost-effective direct immunoassay format. TIRE study of the binding kinetics yielded a large value of the association constant in the range of 106 l mol−1 which is typical for highly specific immune reactions. The comparison of the experimental data for three mycotoxins studied (e.g. aflatoxin B1, T-2 mycotoxin, and zearalenone) confirmed a common mechanism of the sensitivity boost due to the aggregation of hydrophobic molecules of mycotoxins in aqueous solutions.. ...
http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3973/
Glutathione-S-transferase A3 knockout mice are sensitive to acute cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aflatoxin B1<...Glutathione-S-transferase A3 knockout mice are sensitive to acute cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aflatoxin B1<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Glutathione-S-transferase A3 knockout mice are sensitive to acute cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aflatoxin B1. AU - Ilic, Zoran. AU - Crawford, Dana. AU - Egner, Patricia A.. AU - Sell, Stewart. N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by NIH R01 CA112481 and R01 ES09495 grants. Patricia A. Egners work is supported by grant NIH PO1 ES006052 . PY - 2010/2/1. Y1 - 2010/2/1. N2 - Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. However, mice, a major animal model for the study of AFB1 carcinogenesis, are resistant, due to high constitutive expression, in the mouse liver, of glutathione S-transferase A3 subunit (mGSTA3) that is lacking in humans. Our objective was to establish that a mouse model for AFB1 toxicity could be used to study mechanisms of toxicity that are relevant for human disease, i.e., an mGSTA3 knockout (KO) mouse that responds to toxicants such as AFB1 in a manner similar to humans. Exons 3-6 of the mGSTA3 were ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/glutathione-s-transferase-a3-knockout-mice-are-sensitive-to-acute-4
In vivo activation of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in C57BL/6N mice carrying a human fetus-specific...In vivo activation of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in C57BL/6N mice carrying a human fetus-specific...
TY - JOUR. T1 - In vivo activation of aflatoxin B1 in C57BL/6N mice carrying a human fetus-specific CYP3A7 gene. AU - Li, Yong. AU - Yokoi, Tsuyoshi. AU - Katsuki, Motoya. AU - Wang, Jia Sheng. AU - Groopman, John D.. AU - Kamataki, Tetsuya. PY - 1997. Y1 - 1997. N2 - The in vivo activation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was assessed by using two transgenic mouse lines, M2 and M10, in which the human fetus-specific CYP3A7 was expressed in the kidney (M2) and the liver (M10), respectively. Male mice of 8 weeks old from these two lines were treated with a single i.p. injection of AFB1 (4 mg/kg body weight). AFB1-N7-guanine adduct was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. DNA damage was measured using the alkaline elution technique 2 and 6 h after AFB1 treatment. Administration of AFB1 resulted in a significantly higher level of AFB1- N7-guanine in the livers of M10 transgenic mice compared with their nontransgenic littermates (16.5 ± 4.2 versus 10.4 ± 1.2 ng/mg DNA, P , 0.01). The level ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/in-vivo-activation-of-aflatoxin-bsub1sub-in-c57bl6n-mice-carrying
Biochemical Basis for the Extreme Sensitivity of Turkeys to Aflatoxin by Patrick J. Klein, Jack N. Kelly et al.Biochemical Basis for the Extreme Sensitivity of Turkeys to Aflatoxin by Patrick J. Klein, Jack N. Kelly et al.
Poultry are the most susceptible food animal species to the toxic effects of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Feed contaminated with even small amounts of AFB1 results in significant adverse health effects in poultry. The purpose of this study was to explain the biochemical mechanism(s) for this extreme sensitivity. We measured microsomal activation of AFB1 to the AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO), the putative toxic intermediate, as well as cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST)-mediated detoxification of AFBO, in addition to other hepatic phase I and phase II enzyme activities, in 3-week-old male Oorlop strain turkeys. Liver microsomes prepared from these turkeys activated AFB1in vitro with an apparent Km of 109 μM and a Vmax of 1.25 nmol/mg/min. Preliminary evidence for the involvement of cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A2 and, to a lesser extent, 3A4 for AFB1 activation was assessed by the use of specific mammalian CYP inhibitors. The possible presence of avian orthologues of these CYPs was supported by
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/advs_facpub/22/
Role of pH in the Mutagenicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Tortillas during In Vitro Human Digestion ModelRole of pH in the Mutagenicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Tortillas during In Vitro Human Digestion Model
Role of pH in the Mutagenicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Tortillas during In Vitro Human Digestion Model Aflatoxins (AFs) are potent mutagens, carcinogens and teratogens ..
https://www.scitechnol.com/abstract/role-of-ph-in-the-mutagenicity-of-aflatoxin-b1-in-maize-tortillas-during-in-vitro-humandigestion-model-3287.html
Induction of Changes in Morphology, Reactive Nitrogen/Oxygen Intermediates and Apoptosis of Duck Macrophages by Aflatoxin B<sub...Induction of Changes in Morphology, Reactive Nitrogen/Oxygen Intermediates and Apoptosis of Duck Macrophages by Aflatoxin B<sub...
Induction of Changes in Morphology, Reactive Nitrogen/Oxygen Intermediates and Apoptosis of Duck Macrophages by Aflatoxin B1 - Aflatoxin $B_1$;Apoptosis;Reactive Nitrogen/Oxygen Intermediates;Macrophages;
http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=E1DMBP_2002_v15n11_1639
Effects of aflatoxin B1 on profiles of gonadotropic (FSH and LH), steroid (testosterone and 17β-estradiol) and prolactin...Effects of aflatoxin B1 on profiles of gonadotropic (FSH and LH), steroid (testosterone and 17β-estradiol) and prolactin...
Aflatoxins (AFs) are natural contaminants of feed and feedstuffs, thus the study of the noxious effects ofthese agents on the male reproductive system is of outstanding importance. Our aim for this study is theevaluation of the effects of oral administration of aflatoxin B1 on the reproductive hormonal changes in adult male rat. Twenty eight Wistar strain male rats were selected for this study. The rats were divided into 4groups, viz, control (C), test groups (T1, T2, and T3). The toxin doses were prepared in sterile distilled waterat 0.8 ppm, 1.6 ppm, 3.2 ppm, and administered through oral gavages, 1 ml/animal/day to groups T1, T2, and T3, respectively for 48 days and each animal of group C was gavaged with 1 ml/day sterile distilled water. The hormonal assays were carried out using ELISA biochemical kits for serum FSH, LH, prolactintestosterone and 17β-estradiol. Results showed that, the levels of serum LH and testosterone were lower(P|0.001), but conversely the levels of FSH and prolactin were
http://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_85.html
Aflatoxin B1 ELISA - Krishgen Biosystems IndiaAflatoxin B1 ELISA - Krishgen Biosystems India
Aflatoxin belong to the strongest natural occurring carcinogenic substances, found in corn, peanuts, cotton seed, human blood & animal feed. (Aflatoxin B1)
http://www.krishgen.com/product/aflatoxin-b1-elisa/?add-to-cart=1222
Aflatoxin B1 ELISA - Krishgen Biosystems IndiaAflatoxin B1 ELISA - Krishgen Biosystems India
Aflatoxin belong to the strongest natural occurring carcinogenic substances, found in corn, peanuts, cotton seed, human blood & animal feed. (Aflatoxin B1)
http://www.krishgen.com/product/aflatoxin-b1-elisa/?add_to_wishlist=19276
AFB1 (Aflatoxin B1) Antibody, HRP, Rabbit-PTM proteomics; Cell-Molecular Biology; Small Molecules; Research ToolsAFB1 (Aflatoxin B1) Antibody, HRP, Rabbit-PTM proteomics; Cell-Molecular Biology; Small Molecules; Research Tools
The immunogen is Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-BSA conjugates. The antibody was affinity purified with an AFB1-Agarose column and competitively eluted by free AFB1. The antibody was conjugated to peroxidase (HRP) by reductive amination. This anti-AFB1 HRP conjugates could be utilized for detection and quantization of the food-borne mycotoxin AFB1. ...
http://www.immunechem.com/?app=product&act=look&type_id=16&id=241
Genetics of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) metabolism in various inbred strains o by H L. Gurtoo, R Dahms et al.Genetics of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) metabolism in various inbred strains o by H L. Gurtoo, R Dahms et al.
Gurtoo, H L.; Dahms, R; Motycka, L; and Taylor, B, Genetics of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) metabolism in various inbred strains of mice, offsprings of selected matings and in recombinant inbred sublines. Abstr. (1977). Subject Strain Bibliography 1977. 2582 ...
https://mouseion.jax.org/ssbb1977/2582/
Investigation on the Protective Effect of ?-Mannan against the DNA Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1 in Mouse HepatocytesInvestigation on the Protective Effect of ?-Mannan against the DNA Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1 in Mouse Hepatocytes
Aflatoxin B1 is a contaminant of agricultural and dairy products that can berelated to mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. In this report we explore the capacity of ?-mannan (Man) to reduce the DNA damage induced by AFB1 in mouse hepatocytes. Forthis purpose we applied the comet assay to groups of animals which were firstadministered Man (100, 400 and 700 mg/kg, respectively) and 20 min later 1.0 mg/kg ofAFB1. Liver cells were obtained at 4, 10, and 16 h after the chemical administration andexamined. The results showed no protection of the damage induced by AFB1 with thelow dose of the polysaccharide, but they did reveal antigenotoxic activity exerted by thetwo high doses. In addition, we induced a co-crystallization between both compounds,determined their fusion points and analyzed the molecules by UV spectroscopy. Theobtained data suggested the formation of a supramolecular complex between AFB1and Man ...
https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/bitstream/handle/123456789/11932
Aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 2 from Human, Recombinant(EC 1.1.1.n11) - Creative EnzymesAflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 2 from Human, Recombinant(EC 1.1.1.n11) - Creative Enzymes
Aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 2 catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of succinic semialdehyde to gamma-hydroxybutyrate. May have an important role in producin
https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/Aflatoxin-B1-Aldehyde-Reductase-Member-2-From-Human-Recombinant_3383.html
Evidence for involvement of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in aflatoxin B|sub|1|/sub| metabolism in human liver -...Evidence for involvement of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in aflatoxin B|sub|1|/sub| metabolism in human liver -...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Evidence for involvement of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in aflatoxin B,sub,1,/sub, metabolism in human liver. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/evidence-for-involvement-of-multiple-forms-of-cytochrome-p-450-in/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically
Slide A IV 50Slide A IV 50
Chronic hepatitis B and C infections, dietary aflatoxin B1 ingestion and chronic alcohol abuse are the most common etiological factors associated with HCC. Liver cirrhosis is the major clinical risk factor for the development of HCC independent of its original etiology. Indeed, in 70-90% of cases HCC develops in the setting of macronodular cirrhosis. ...
http://www.pathol.uzh.ch/histologycourse/pages/A_IV_50.html
Comportamiento productivo y toxicosis en pollos de engorde alimentados con aflatoxinas B1, B2 y tres adsorbentes de micotoxinasComportamiento productivo y toxicosis en pollos de engorde alimentados con aflatoxinas B1, B2 y tres adsorbentes de micotoxinas
REYNA-SANTAMARIA, L; BASILIO-NAVARRETE, A; MARTINEZ-ROJERO, RD e CASAUBON-HUGUENIN, MT. Productive performance and poisonous in broilers fed with aflatoxin Bp B2 and three adsorbents of mycotoxins. Arch. med. vet. [online]. 2016, vol.48, n.2, pp.215-222. ISSN 0301-732X. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0301-732X2016000200012.. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1,200 μg/kg of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), Aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) and three mycotoxins adsorbents on growth performance, antibody titers to Newcastle, blood chemistry and histopathological lesions in broilers. One hundred ninety two one-day old chickens were randomly divided into 4 treatments and 3 replicates of 16 chickens, in a 42-day experiment. Treatments evaluated: T1 = basal diet; T2 = basal diet with 1,200 μg/kg of AFbj and AFb2; T3 = basal diet with 1,200 μg/kg of AFb1 and AFb2 plus adsorbent (A); T4 = basal diet with 1200 μg/kg of AFb1 and AFb2 plus adsorbent (B). The results indicate that the chickens eating the adsorbent ...
http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0301-732X2016000200012&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=en
Aflatoxin B1 induces apoptosis in rat liver: protective effect of melatonin. - NeL.eduAflatoxin B1 induces apoptosis in rat liver: protective effect of melatonin. - NeL.edu
RESULTS: The levels of caspase-3 activities in AFB1 group were significantly higher than control group. The apoptosis was associated with degenerative and necrotic changes in the hepatocytes. Concomitantly, the levels of MDA and NO in liver tissues were significantly increased while the levels of GSH, Zn and enzyme activities of GSPx and GR in liver tissues were significantly decreased in AFB1 group compared to their levels in controls. Caspase-3 activity was positively correlated with MDA while negatively correlated with GSH, GSPx and GR in rat livers treated with AFB1. The apoptotic rate was significantly reduced when MEL co-administrated with AFB1. In rats which received MEL with AFB1, the levels of MDA and NO in liver tissues were significantly reduced while GSH and Zn levels and GSPx, GR and GST activities were significantly increased compared to AFB1 group. When MEL-MC co-administrated with AFB1 appeared more effective in reduction of apoptotic rate as detected by decline of caspase-3 ...
http://www.nel.edu/aflatoxin-b1-induces-apoptosis-in-rat-liver-protective-effect-of-melatonin-2315/
Plus itPlus it
Aflatoxin, a potent hepatotoxin, causes rapid inhibition of RNA polymerase activitiy in isolated rat liver nuclei. Its hepatotoxicity is accompanied by an injury of periportal parenchymal cells. Rats fed a diet marginally deficient in choline are protected against the acutely toxic action of aflatoxin B1. This diet does not prevent the rapid inhibition of RNA polymerase or the changes in nucleolar morphology following the administration of aflatoxin B1. The diet does however largely prevent the proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the necrosis of periportal parenchymal cells. The diet appears to offer the possibility of separating those changes in the liver associated with hepatotoxicity from those associated with hepatocarcinogenicity.. ...
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/33/11/2878
Effect of Low Levels of Aflatoxin B1 on Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Liver Histopathological...Effect of Low Levels of Aflatoxin B1 on Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Liver Histopathological...
Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding corns naturally contaminated with AflatoxinB1 (AFB1) on performance, serum biochemistry, liver histopathological changes and percentage of hepatocyte apoptosis of Cherry Valley Ducks. Sixty, 1 day old ducks randomly divide into groups and were fed corn-soybean meal uncontaminated or contaminated AFB1. AFB1-contaminated diet significantly decreased the Body Weight (BW) gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate (p,0.05). The concentration of serum protein and the activity antioxidant enzyme were significantly decreased (p,0.05), the activity of serum biochemical enzyme and hepatocyte apoptosis were significantly increased (p,0.05) in AFB1-contaminated group. From histological study, liver tissue of ducks receiving AFB1-contaminated diets had markedly bile duct hyperplasia and vacuolar degeneration. ...
https://scialert.net/asci/ascidetail.php?doi=javaa.2013.1126.1130&kw=
The intake of contaminants via a diet according to the Dutch Wheel of Five Guidelines - Webbased Archive of RIVM PublicationsThe intake of contaminants via a diet according to the Dutch Wheel of Five Guidelines - Webbased Archive of RIVM Publications
Food can become contaminated with substances not intentionally added (contaminants). They can occur in plants through, for example, absorption from the (contaminated) soil or deposition from the air. Contaminants can also find their way in food during the production process and preparation of food. Contamination due to contaminants cannot always be prevented, but, in most cases, is of no public health concern. That is because the concentrations, on average, are low over time. RIVM has calculated that the intake of the majority of 28 contaminants investigated is within an acceptable range when people eat and drink according to the Wheel of Five. This is not the case for three contaminants: acrylamide, arsenic and lead. That does not mean that it is certain that negative health effects will occur. It is just that they cannot be ruled out. Due to uncertainties in the calculation, no conclusion could be drawn for cadmium, aflatoxin B1 and the sum of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. There are no ...
http://rivm.openrepository.com/rivm/handle/10029/620944
Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [Biotin] (NB600-443B): Novus BiologicalsAflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [Biotin] (NB600-443B): Novus Biologicals
Mouse Monoclonal Anti-Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [Biotin]. Validated: WB, ELISA, ICC/IF, IHC-Fr, IHC-P. Tested Reactivity: All Species. 100% Guaranteed.
https://www.novusbio.com/products/aflatoxin-b1-antibody-6a10_nb600-443b
EN 14097:2001EN 14097:2001
Foodstuffs. Determination of aflatoxin B$d1 and the sum of aflatoxin B$d1, B$d2, G$d1 and G$d2 in peanuts, pistachios, figs, and paprika powder. ...
https://standardsdirect.org/en-standards_subdomain/en-sheet124_list_30.html
EFSA Journal | Europäische Behörde für LebensmittelsicherheitEFSA Journal | Europäische Behörde für Lebensmittelsicherheit
EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of aflatoxins in food. The risk assessment was confined to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFM1. More than 200,000 analytical results on the occ .... ...
http://www.efsa.europa.eu/de/publications/?f%5B0%5D=im_field_subject%3A61826&f%5B1%5D=sm_field_so_type%3Atechnical_report_post_11&f%5B2%5D=sm_field_so_type%3Aspecial_issue_item&f%5B3%5D=sm_field_so_type%3Aopinion&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B1%5D=im_field_subject%3A70303
EFSA Journal | Autorité européenne de sécurité des alimentsEFSA Journal | Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments
EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of aflatoxins in food. The risk assessment was confined to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFM1. More than 200,000 analytical results on the occ .... ...
https://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/publications/?results_per_page=20&f%5B0%5D=im_field_subject%3A61721&f%5B1%5D=sm_field_so_type%3Aopinion&f%5B2%5D=im_field_subject%3A70308&f%5B3%5D=im_field_subject%3A61826&f%5B4%5D=im_field_subject%3A61866
Figure 4Figure 4
Figure 4: Effects of olive leaves (A) and olive oil mill waste (B) extracts on cell proliferation in Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-treated HepG2 cells. Cell proliferation was determined by BrdU incorporation in HepG2 cells. Samples were collected at 24 hours. The groups with a were significantly different vs. the corresponding control group. The groups with b were significantly different vs. the corresponding group without AFB1 ...
https://www.omicsonline.org/articles-images/2157-2518-5-170-g004.html
VXN (vexin) - Rat Genome DatabaseVXN (vexin) - Rat Genome Database
INVOLVED IN neurogenesis (ortholog); neuron differentiation (ortholog); FOUND IN nucleus (ortholog); plasma membrane (ortholog); INTERACTS WITH 17beta-estradiol; aflatoxin B1; antirheumatic drug
https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/report/gene/main.html?id=1601708
AFB Connects You - American Foundation for the BlindAFB Connects You - American Foundation for the Blind
You can http://www.afb.org/media/PDFs/AFB_Connects-You_8-14-16.pdf download a PDF of the AFB Connects You Brochure or view the accessible version below.
http://www.afb.org/info/publications/afb-connects-you/15
GMC Acadia for Sale in Elmendorf Afb, AK 99506 - AutotraderGMC Acadia for Sale in Elmendorf Afb, AK 99506 - Autotrader
Find GMC Acadia for sale in Elmendorf Afb, AK. Find car prices, photos, and more. Locate Elmendorf Afb, AK car dealers and find your car at Autotrader!
https://www.autotrader.com/cars-for-sale/GMC/Acadia/Elmendorf+AK-99506
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Aflatoxin Exposure During Pregnancy, Maternal Anemia, and Adverse Birth...The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Aflatoxin Exposure During Pregnancy, Maternal Anemia, and Adverse Birth...
Abstract Pregnant women and their developing fetuses are vulnerable to multiple environmental insults, including exposure to aflatoxin, a mycotoxin that may contaminate as much as 25% of the world food supply. We reviewed and integrated findings from studies of aflatoxin exposure during pregnancy and evaluated potential links to adverse pregnancy outcomes. We identified 27 studies (10 human cross-sectional studies and 17 animal studies) assessing the relationship between aflatoxin exposure and adverse birth outcomes or anemia. Findings suggest that aflatoxin exposure during pregnancy may impair fetal growth. Only one human study investigated aflatoxin exposure and prematurity, and no studies investigated its relationship with pregnancy loss, but animal studies suggest aflatoxin exposure may increase risk for prematurity and pregnancy loss. The fetus could be affected by maternal aflatoxin exposure through direct toxicity as well as indirect toxicity, via maternal systemic inflammation, impaired
http://ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0730
Molecular basis of aflatoxin-induced mutagenesis-role of the aflatoxin B1-formamidopyrimidine adduct<...Molecular basis of aflatoxin-induced mutagenesis-role of the aflatoxin B1-formamidopyrimidine adduct<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular basis of aflatoxin-induced mutagenesis-role of the aflatoxin B1-formamidopyrimidine adduct. AU - Lin, Ying Chih. AU - Li, Liang. AU - Makarova, Alena V.. AU - Burgers, Peter M.. AU - Stone, Michael P.. AU - Lloyd, Robert (Stephen). PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a known carcinogen associated with early-onset hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is thought to contribute to over half a million new HCCs per year. Although some of the fundamental risk factors are established, the molecular basis of AFB1-induced mutagenesis in primate cells has not been rigorously investigated. To gain insights into genome instability that is produced as a result of replicating DNAs containing AFB1 adducts, site-specific mutagenesis assays were used to establish the mutagenic potential of the persistent ring-opened AFB1 adduct, AFB1-formamidopyrimidine (AFB1-FAPY). This lesion was highly mutagenic, yielding replication error frequencies of 97%, with the predominant base ...
https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/molecular-basis-of-aflatoxin-induced-mutagenesis-role-of-the-afla-2
Scope Aflatoxin exposure coincides with micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. group, - Suppression of KRas-mutant...Scope Aflatoxin exposure coincides with micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. group, - Suppression of KRas-mutant...
Scope Aflatoxin exposure coincides with micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. group, compared to the least expensive, were 1.98 (95%CI: 1.00, 3.92) and 3.56 (95%CI: 1.13, 11.15) instances more likely to be zinc and vitamin A deficient. Summary Although children with high aflatoxin exposure levels were more likely to be zinc and vitamin A deficient, further study is necessary to determine a cause and effect relationship. to aflatoxin B1 and G1 [44]. This conflicting evidence from previous study, and the fact that the strength of the significant associations observed in the current study were fragile, makes it hard to attract valid conclusions concerning this complex relationship between aflatoxin exposure and micronutrient deficiency. Therefore further study is necessary to help set up if there is a cause and effect relationship. The relationship between aflatoxin exposure and micronutrient deficiency was not significant during the post-harvest time of year. There were, however, ...
http://complextraitgenomics.com/scope-aflatoxin-exposure-coincides-with-micronutrient-deficiencies-in-developing-countries-group/
Altered gene response to aflatoxin b1 in the spleens of susceptible and resistant turkeys<...Altered gene response to aflatoxin b1 in the spleens of susceptible and resistant turkeys<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Altered gene response to aflatoxin b1 in the spleens of susceptible and resistant turkeys. AU - Reed, Kent M.. AU - Mendoza, Kristelle M.. AU - Coulombe, Roger A.. N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative, National Institute of Food and Agriculture Animal Genome Program (2013-01043), the University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine Hatch Formula Fund and the Minnesota and Utah Agricultural Experiments Stations, and approved as Utah Agricultural Experiment Station journal paper number 9198. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 by the authors.. PY - 2019/4/28. Y1 - 2019/4/28. N2 - Susceptibility and/or resistance to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a threshold trait governed principally by glutathione S transferase (GST)-mediated detoxification. In poultry, domesticated Turkeys are highly sensitive to AFB1, most likely due to dysfunction in hepatic GSTs. In contrast, wild Turkeys ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/altered-gene-response-to-aflatoxin-b1-in-the-spleens-of-susceptib
Prevalence of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> contamination in pre- and post-harvest maize kernels, Food products, Poultry and...Prevalence of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> contamination in pre- and post-harvest maize kernels, Food products, Poultry and...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Prevalence of aflatoxin B1 contamination in pre- and post-harvest maize kernels, Food products, Poultry and livestock feeds in Tamil Nadu, India. AU - Vijayasamundeeswari, Ayyathurai. AU - Mohankumar, Munusamy. AU - Karthikeyan, Muthusamy. AU - Vijayanandraj, Selvaraj. AU - Paranidharan, Vaikuntavasen. AU - Velazhahan, Rethinasamy. PY - 2009/6/1. Y1 - 2009/6/1. N2 - Aflatoxins, a group of mycotoxins mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, have adverse health effects on humans and livestock that ingest aflatoxin- contaminated food products and feeds. To secure the safety of food and feed, regular monitoring of aflatoxin levels is necessary. In order to understand the magnitude of aflatoxin contamination, a survey was conducted in different agro-ecological zones of Tamil Nadu, India and 242 samples consisting of pre- and post-harvest maize kernels, food products, poultry and livestock feeds were collected from farmers fields, poultry farms, retail shops and ...
https://squ.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/prevalence-of-aflatoxin-bsub1sub-contamination-in-pre-and-post-ha
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Current Understanding on Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Future Perspective in Reducing Aflatoxin...Toxins | Free Full-Text | Current Understanding on Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Future Perspective in Reducing Aflatoxin...
Traditional molecular techniques have been used in research in discovering the genes and enzymes that are involved in aflatoxin formation and genetic regulation. We cloned most, if not all, of the aflatoxin pathway genes. A consensus gene cluster for aflatoxin biosynthesis was discovered in 2005. The factors that affect aflatoxin formation have been studied. In this report, the author summarized the current status of research progress and future possibilities that may be used for solving aflatoxin contamination.
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/4/11/1024/htm
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Non-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney...Toxins | Free Full-Text | Non-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney...
Aflatoxin-producing fungi contaminate food and feed during pre-harvest, storage and processing periods. Once consumed, aflatoxins (AFs) accumulate in tissues, causing illnesses in animals and humans. Most human exposure to AF seems to be a result of consumption of contaminated plant and animal products. The policy of blending and dilution of grain containing higher levels of aflatoxins with uncontaminated grains for use in animal feed implicitly assumes that the deleterious effects of low levels of the toxins are linearly correlated to concentration. This assumption may not be justified, since it involves extrapolation of these nontoxic levels in feed, which are not of further concern. To develop a better understanding of the significance of low dose effects, in the present study, we developed quantitative methods for the detection of biologically active aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in Vero cells by two independent assays: the green fluorescent protein (GFP) assay, as a measure of protein synthesis by the cells,
http://mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/8/1447/xml
Complementary DNA Cloning, Protein Expression, and Characterization of Alpha-Class GSTs from Macaca fascicularis Liver :...Complementary DNA Cloning, Protein Expression, and Characterization of Alpha-Class GSTs from Macaca fascicularis Liver :...
Large species differences exist in sensitivity to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced liver cancer. Mice are resistant to AFB1-induced liver cancer because they express an alpha-class GST (mGSTA3-3) that has high activity toward the reactive intermediate aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO). Rats constitutively express only small amounts of a GST with high AFBO activity (rGSTA5-5) and thus are sensitive to AFB1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, although induction of rGSTA5-5 can confer resistance in rats. In contrast to rodents, constitutively expressed human hepatic alpha-class GSTs have little or no AFBO detoxifying activity. Recently, we found that the nonhuman primate, Macaca fascicularis (Mf), has significant constitutive hepatic GST activity toward AFBO and most of this activity belongs to mu-class GSTs. To determine if any alpha-class GSTs in Mf liver have AFBO activity, a cDNA library from a male Mf liver was constructed and screened using the human alpha-class GstA1 cDNA as a probe. Three different cDNA ...
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/toxsci/70.1.20
Aflatoxin - definition of aflatoxin by The Free DictionaryAflatoxin - definition of aflatoxin by The Free Dictionary
Define aflatoxin. aflatoxin synonyms, aflatoxin pronunciation, aflatoxin translation, English dictionary definition of aflatoxin. n. Any of a group of toxic compounds produced by certain molds, especially Aspergillus flavus, that contaminate stored food supplies such as animal feed and...
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/aflatoxin
Aflatoxin B1(AFB1)ELISA kit - CusabioAflatoxin B1(AFB1)ELISA kit - Cusabio
Cusabio Aflatoxin B1(AFB1)ELISA kit for Food Safety & Drug Residues test, focusing on chemical contaminants comprising on natural and artificial contaminants.
https://www.cusabio.com/food/Aflatoxin-B1-AFB1-ELISA-kit-1034708.html
What does hAFAR1 mean? - Definition of hAFAR1 - hAFAR1 stands for human aflatoxin B(1) aldehyde reductase 1. By...What does hAFAR1 mean? - Definition of hAFAR1 - hAFAR1 stands for human aflatoxin B(1) aldehyde reductase 1. By...
Hop on to get the meaning of hAFAR1 acronym / slang / Abbreviation. The Undefined Acronym / Slang hAFAR1 means... AcronymsAndSlang. The hAFAR1 acronym/abbreviation definition. The hAFAR1 meaning is human aflatoxin B(1) aldehyde reductase 1. The definition of hAFAR1 by AcronymAndSlang.com
http://acronymsandslang.com/definition/2399886/hAFAR1-meaning.html
Microsome-mediated mutagenicity of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in Bacillus megaterium SJ-6 his...Microsome-mediated mutagenicity of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in Bacillus megaterium SJ-6 his...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Microsome-mediated mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1 in Bacillus megaterium SJ-6 his-. AU - Buch, J. K.. AU - Buch, Shilpa. AU - Dave, P. J.. PY - 1982/4. Y1 - 1982/4. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0020028778&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0020028778&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. AN - SCOPUS:0020028778. VL - 13. SP - 349. EP - 352. JO - FEMS Microbiology Letters. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters. SN - 0378-1097. IS - 4. ER - ...
https://nebraska.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/microsome-mediated-mutagenicity-of-aflatoxin-bsub1sub-in-bacillus
Non-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney Vero Cells - pdf descargarNon-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney Vero Cells - pdf descargar
Non-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney Vero Cells. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
http://libros.duhnnae.com/2017/jun6/149762097613-Non-Linear-Relationships-between-Aflatoxin-B1-Levels-and-the-Biological-Response-of-Monkey-Kidney-Vero-Cells.php
Effects of Glucosinolate-Rich Broccoli Sprouts on Urinary Levels of Aflatoxin-DNA Adducts and Phenanthrene Tetraols in a...Effects of Glucosinolate-Rich Broccoli Sprouts on Urinary Levels of Aflatoxin-DNA Adducts and Phenanthrene Tetraols in a...
The biomarkers used in this study provide measures of carcinogen exposure in the residents of Qidong, Peoples Republic of China, an area of high risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (6, 7). Urinary levels of aflatoxin-N7-guanine adducts (median = 1.90 fmol/mg creatinine) measured from the placebo arm of this winter 2003 study were comparable with those found in the placebo arm during a summer 1997 intervention trial with chlorophyllin in a nearby township, Daxin (median = 0.96 fmol/mg creatinine; ref. 6). The modest difference may reflect the influence of seasonality on aflatoxin exposure: A 2-fold winter versus summer difference was seen with aflatoxin biomarkers in an ecological study in Daxin in 1993 (40). Similar analytic approaches of immunoaffinity chromatography followed by liquid chromatrography-mass spectrometry were used in the two intervention studies. Thus, aflatoxin exposures have not changed appreciably over the past decade in the rural areas of Qidong despite ...
http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/14/11/2605.long
Quantitative and selective polymerase chain reaction analysis of highly similar human alpha-class glutathione transferasesQuantitative and selective polymerase chain reaction analysis of highly similar human alpha-class glutathione transferases
Alpha-class glutathione transferases (GSTs) found expressed in human tissues constitute a family of four homologous enzymes with contrasting enzyme activities. In particular, GST A3-3 has been shown to contribute to the biosynthesis of steroid hormones in human cells and is selectively expressed in steroidogenic tissues. The more ubiquitous GST A1-1, GST A2-2, and GST A4-4 appear to be primarily involved in detoxification processes and are expressed at higher levels than GST A3-3. We are interested in studying the cell and tissue expression of the GST A3-3 gene, yet the existence of highly expressed sequence-similar homologs and of several splice variants is a serious challenge for the specific detection of unique transcript species. We found that published polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for GST A3-3 lack the specificity required for reliable quantitative analysis. Therefore, we designed quantitative PCR (qPCR) primers with greatly increased discrimination power for the human GSTA3 ...
http://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:408775
How Aflatoxins Threaten Pangasius Catfish Production | The Fish SiteHow Aflatoxins Threaten Pangasius Catfish Production | The Fish Site
Aflatoxins, a type of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus species of fungi, can colonize many potential aquaculture feedstuffs such as corn, peanuts, rice, fish meal, shrimp and meat meals. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most potent naturally occurring carcinogenic agents in animals. Initial findings associated with aflatoxicosis in fish include pale gills, impaired blood clotting, anemia, poor growth rates or lack of weight gain.. According to the annual BIOMIN Mycotoxin Survey in 2014, a look at aqua feeds for fish and shrimp showed that, out of 35 feed samples analyzed, 63% of the aqua feed samples were contaminated with aflatoxins at a high average concentration of 49 parts per billion (ppb), with some samples reaching up to 221 ppb. Furthermore, 27 of the 35 feed samples that were analyzed contained more than one mycotoxin. This poses additional risk to animals since in many cases the combined effects of two mycotoxins are higher than the individual effects of each toxin alone.. ...
https://thefishsite.com/articles/how-aflatoxins-threaten-pangasius-catfish-production
Mycotoxin prevention and control in foodgrains - Aflatoxin research on grain in Asia - its problems and possible solutionsMycotoxin prevention and control in foodgrains - Aflatoxin research on grain in Asia - its problems and possible solutions
Aflatoxins are important because some are extremely toxic to many kinds of animals; 10 ppb AFB1 consumed regularly by rats may eventually result in fatal liver cancer and in somewhat larger amounts-a few hundred ppb-aflatoxin cause a great variety of ill effects in wild and domestic animals. An aflatoxin contamination level of 20 ppb is permitted in feed grains and in feeds in the U.S.A. but in foods intended for human consumption the tolerance is zero. However, these guidelines were then revised. North Carolina agricultural officials reported that maize containing up to 200 ppb could be fed to heifers (older than 6 months), calves and bulls and to non-lactating brood cows. Maize containing aflatoxin higher than 20 ppb should not be fed to lactating animals, used as any starter ration or feed to poultry. All other animals could be fed with maize containing aflatoxin levels up to 100 ppb. For human consumption, a level, below 20 ppb is enforced (Mirocha and Christensen 1982 and Pitt, ...
http://www.fao.org/3/x5036e/x5036e1e.htm
DR. LANE MAKES HIS CASE FOR AFLATOXINDR. LANE MAKES HIS CASE FOR AFLATOXIN
Id. at 1636. The final judgment and remedial order have been stayed pending appeal. No. 065267 (D.C. Cir., Oct. 31, 2006).. While Defendants were producing the misinformation described above, Defendants legal counsel were advising against producing a safer cigarette, as that would create. 1. **-------------------. substantial legal concerns. Op. at 1413. This brief contains evidence that Defendants knew, or should have known, of one particular method of making a safer cigarette but suppressed this information. Indeed, but for documents uncovered in this and related litigation, the information would likely have remained suppressed.. This Brief shows that Defendants knew, or should have known, that aflatoxin, a potent carcinogen, was a contaminant of tobacco products; that aflatoxin was a substantial source of the harm caused by tobacco products; and, that methods of neutralizing aflatoxin would have made tobacco products safer. While other issues before this Court are now under appellate ...
http://www.tobacco-on-trial.com/2006/12/19/dr-lane-makes-his-case-for-aflatoxin/
IntechOpen Open Access Publisher - Open Science Open Minds | IntechOpenIntechOpen Open Access Publisher - Open Science Open Minds | IntechOpen
The Serum MicroRNA Expression Modified the Genic Toxicity Caused by Aflatoxin B1. By Xiao-Ying Huang, Chun-Ying Luo, Xue-Ming Wu, Jin-Guang Yao, Chao Wang, Bing-Chen Huang, Jun Lu, Xing-Zhizi Wang, Tian-Qi Zhang, Qiang Xia and Xi-Dai Long. The serum microRNAs have been reported as potential biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, their role in genic toxicity related to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), such as TP53 mutation and DNA damage, has not yet been evaluated. Here, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study, including 558 patients with pathologically diagnosed HCC and positive AFB1 and healthy controls (n = 630) without any evidence of liver diseases. Genic toxicity related to AFB1 was evaluated using the hot-spot mutation at the codon 269 of TP53 gene (TP53M) and AFB1-DNA adducts. Through serum microRNA PCR microarray screening analysis, we observed 10 differentially expressed microRNAs (including miR-7-2-3p, miR-4651, miR-127-3p, miR-192-5p, miR-382-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-532-3p, ...
https://www.intechopen.com/profiles/204289/jun-lu
Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &...Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &...
Departments of 1Environmental Health Sciences, 2Epidemiology, and 3Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, New York; 4Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; 5Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; and 6Departments of Health Studies, Medicine, and Human Genetics and Cancer Research Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, ...
https://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/18/3/846.article-info
Puzzles | FolditPuzzles | Foldit
Design a symmetric protein tetramer, with 4 identical chains that assemble together! This puzzle includes a Secondary Structure Objective, so no more than 50% of your design can form helices. The H-bond Network Objective encourages players to build buried, satisfied H-bond networks at the interface between symmetric chains. H-bond networks are a great way to introduce polar residues at the interface, but its important that all of the bondable atoms make hydrogen bonds! Weve also adjusted the H-bond Network Objective so that poor-scoring H-bonds may not contribute to networks; poor-scoring H-bonds will be displayed in red. This puzzle uses the Buried Unsats Objective, with a large penalty for buried polar atoms that cant make H-bonds. In this puzzle, there are no limits on the Complex Core, but weve included the Complex Core objective so players can see the core residues that can be incorporated into H-bond Networks ...
http://fold.it/portal/puzzles?page=3
Reveal Q+ MAX for Aflatoxin | Mycotoxin Testing | NEOGENReveal Q+ MAX for Aflatoxin | Mycotoxin Testing | NEOGEN
Reveal Q+ MAX for Aflatoxin is intended for the rapid quantitative analysis of corn and corn products for aflatoxin, offering results in six minutes.
https://www.neogen.com/solutions/mycotoxins/reveal-q-plus-max-aflatoxin/?recommendationId=1180206641001
Veratox HS for Aflatoxin | Mycotoxin Testing | NEOGENVeratox HS for Aflatoxin | Mycotoxin Testing | NEOGEN
Veratox HS for Aflatoxin is an ELISA that provides a quantitative analysis of very low levels of aflatoxin in commodities like corn, wheat and more.
https://www.neogen.com/categories/mycotoxins/veratox-hs-aflatoxin-high-sensitivity/?recommendationId=1247689313901
Plus itPlus it
Residents of Qidong, China, located at the mouth of the Yangtze River, are undergoing a rapid fluctuation in cancer incidence rates at many organ sites, reflecting a dynamic interplay of socio-behavioral, economic and environmental factors. As tracked by their cancer registry, there are extraordinary changes in the China age-standardized incidence rates for the two leading cancer killers in the Qidong region: one going down and the other one up, liver and lung cancer respectively. In endemic areas such as Qidong, liver cancer arises from chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and ingestion of aflatoxins. Agricultural and economic reforms in the 1980s promoted a switch from maize to rice as the dietary staple, with concomitant ,40-fold decreases in aflatoxin exposure over this period as measured by aflatoxin-albumin adducts in archived serum samples. Universal, subsidized vaccination against HBV was initiated in the early 2000s and likely does not account for the 45% drop in liver cancer ...
http://cancerpreventionresearch.aacrjournals.org/content/6/11_Supplement/PL02-03
News | CSBi | Computational and Systems Biology at MITNews | CSBi | Computational and Systems Biology at MIT
peanut meal, shipped from Brazil and contaminated with mold that produces a poison known as aflatoxin. At the time, little was known about aflatoxin, but some scientists suspected it could be linked to liver cancer in humans. Soon after the U.K. outbreak, a young MIT toxicologist named Gerald Wogan launched a thorough, decades-long investigation into the toxin, eventually exposing it as one of the most potent carcinogens humans can encounter. Throughout his career, Wogan not only made discoveries illuminating aflatoxins role in liver cancer, which kills about 600,000 people a year, but he also used his knowledge to shape food-safety regulations in the United States and Europe, and helped develop new measures that could fight liver cancer in developing countries, where aflatoxin exposure is still common. A lot of people are content to do basic science, but he picked up that mantle of responsibility and went right into the regulatory arena, says John Essigmann, MIT professor of toxicology and ...
http://csbi.mit.edu/news_2010/2010_essigmann.html
Results per page: 10Results per page: 10
Yun Yun Gong of Queens University Belfast in the United Kingdom and colleagues will identify mechanistic biomarkers of child stunting caused by the dietary contaminant aflatoxin, which is common in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. They will determine the mechanism by which aflatoxin inhibits growth in early life using blood samples and growth charts from 300 children in Gambia and analyzing the relationship between aflatoxin exposure and changes in insulin-like growth factor signaling, epigenetic marks, and gene expression. Candidate biomarkers will be validated in an in vitro cell model of human liver, which is the primary target of aflatoxin, and used to drive future intervention strategies, such as hand-sorting food to reduce contamination, for ultimately improving child health.. ...
https://gcgh.grandchallenges.org/grants?Round=all&Phase=all&ProjectID=1031&combined_sort=field_funding_dates_value%20ASC&items_per_page=10&f%5B0%5D=field_challenge%253Afield_initiative%3A37072&f%5B1%5D=funding_year%3A2016&f%5B2%5D=funding_year%3A2012&f%5B3%5D=funding_year%3A2013
Corn aflatoxin: breeding, molecular markers | Delta Farm PressCorn aflatoxin: breeding, molecular markers | Delta Farm Press
Annual losses to aflatoxin are estimated at some $190 million. Paul Williams, USDA-ARS researcher/geneticist, and his Mississippi-based team are learning to combat the disease through corn breeding and molecular markers.
http://www.deltafarmpress.com/corn/corn-aflatoxin-breeding-molecular-markers?page=2
Puzzles | FolditPuzzles | Foldit
This is the fourth puzzle of our Aflatoxin Challenge; now players may insert and delete residues in solutions from the previous Round 3 puzzle. Aflatoxins are a class of poisonous compounds that contaminate a significant portion of the global food supply. In this puzzle, players are challenged to redesign an enzyme that could break down aflatoxin molecules. The majority of the protein is frozen, with the aflatoxin ligand fixed in a binding pocket. Surrounding the binding pocket are a number of loops that might be redesigned without affecting the folding stability of the protein. In these loops, players may manipulate the protein backbone and mutate the residue sidechains. Players may add up to 20 additional residues within these loops, at a cost of 16 points per residue. Players may load in solutions from Puzzle 1450 ...
http://fold.it/portal/puzzles?page=2
Student Research: Kellie Fay | Department of Environmental and Occupational Health SciencesStudent Research: Kellie Fay | Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
Towards the goal of establishing useful in vitro models of in vivo responses to toxicants, this work characterizes several advantages and disadvantages of primary mouse hepatocytes (PMHs) cultured for a short term vs those maintained for three weeks with 2.25% DMSO. PMHs examined 1 day (short term, ST) after isolation demonstrated a dramatic loss in ATP (~27 fold lower compared to in vivo) while those cultured for 3 weeks (3 wk) over-produced ATP. The important liver proteins albumin, Cyp1a1 and Gsta were found to be higher in the 3 wk cultures. Gene expression analysis revealed the ST cultures have unregulated numerous pathways involved in compensatory hyperplasia and oxidative injury.. Aflatoxin and acetaminphen (APAP) were used to investigate the metabolic capability of each system. Metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by S9 fractions harvested from ST and 3 wk cultures induced for 24 hours with 3-methylcholanthrene, pregnenolone-16a-carbonitrile, and dexamethasone indicated the ST cultures had higher ...
http://deohs.washington.edu/student-research/kellie-fay
Liquid Chromatography | HPLC Systems | KNAUERLiquid Chromatography | HPLC Systems | KNAUER
The AZURA aflatoxin analysis system is specially designed to determine aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 in food and feed products such as peanuts, corn
https://www.knauer.net/en/system-for-the-analysis-of-aflatoxins-especially-aflatoxin-b1-b2-g1-and-g2-in-food/p23643
What foods contain aflatoxin? - BALLYAWhat foods contain aflatoxin? - BALLYA
Class one carcinogen may be hidden in your kitchen. Aflatoxin is easily found in grains, vegetables, oil, and milk. If you handle it carelessly, it is likely that you will eat it down.
https://ballyabio.com/what-foods-contain-aflatoxin/
Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation | Page 116.tif | ID: t722hf177 | ScholarsArchive@OSUGraduate Thesis Or Dissertation | Page 116.tif | ID: t722hf177 | [email protected]
Previous work (Thorgaard, G. H. et al., Aquatic Toxicology 46:121-126, 1999) showed triploid rainbow trout (0. mykiss) given embryonic carcinogen bath exposures had significant reduction of induced tumors relative to diploids. In the present study, trout were made triploid by thermal shock after fertilization. At age of 5 months they were given dietary carcinogen: aflatoxin B1 (AFB₁) or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) for 30 or 120 days. The dietary exposures were at known tumorigenic levels (100, 200 and 300 ppb AFB₁; 250, 500 and 850 ppm DMBA). At about 16 months after fertilization the fish were sacrificed and tumor incidence and multiplicity were assessed. At all levels of carcinogen and in all tumorous organs tumor incidence was lower in the triploid fish. For DMBA-fed fish it was seen that the diploid:triploid incidence ratios ranged from 2.0 to 9.0 and for AFB₁ from 3.1 to 6.0. Weight class analyses dissociated the tumor incidence effects of growth from the effects of ...
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/t722hf177
Subject: rats / Publication Year: 2015 / Subject: rats and liver - PubAg Search ResultsSubject: rats / Publication Year: 2015 / Subject: rats and liver - PubAg Search Results
Twenty‐eight rats were examined in a 5‐week experiment to investigate the effect of curcumin on gene expression and activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in rats intoxicated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB₁). The rats were divided into four groups. Rats in 1-4 groups served as control, oral curcumin treated (15 mg/kg body weight), single i.p. dose of AFB₁(3 mg/kg body weight) and combination of single ...
https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?f%5Bpublication_year_rev%5D%5B%5D=7985-2015&f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=rats&f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=liver&per_page=20&q=%22rats%22&search_field=subject&sort=date-asc
Dr. Smita TripathiDr. Smita Tripathi
I worked on enzymatic-coupled with UV degradation of aflatoxin b1 in red chilli powder. The peroxidase and AFB1 reaction kinetics was optimized. The feasibility of FT-NIR spectroscopy in detection of AFB1 in spiked red chilli powder was also investigated. Currently my research area is on phytohormone signaling pathways ...
http://fctliitkgp.in/home/researchscholars/home.php?id=156
Dr. Chitrangada Das MukhopadhyayDr. Chitrangada Das Mukhopadhyay
The ability of horse radish peroxidase enzyme to degrade several xenobiotics was employed to detoxify aflatoxin B1, a carcinogen. In this connection various kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the detoxification reaction were studied and the reaction was optimized. A statistical model was proposed to predict maximum possible degradation in a specified condition. The detoxified product was tested for its toxicity and mutagenicity on microbial systems and nutritive value of treated meal was tested on male wister rats. The effects of detoxification were also tested on seed and pollen germination, somatic embryogenesis and plant cell suspension culture. The experimental results showed that the detoxified product could safely be used by living organisms ...
http://fctliitkgp.in/home/researchscholars/home.php?id=149
TumorPortalTumorPortal
This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This enzyme hydroxylates testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulphate, which is involved in the formation of estriol during pregnancy. The enzyme also metabolizes some drugs such as aflatoxin B1. This gene is part of a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 7q21.1. Transcript variants have been described, but it is not known whether these transcripts are normally produced. This gene undergoes readthrough transcription with the downstream CYP3AP1 pseudogene, resulting in an isoform with a novel C-terminus, as represented in GeneID:100861540 ...
http://www.tumorportal.org/view?geneSymbol=CYP3A7
References | Excellent NutritionReferences | Excellent Nutrition
Preston RS, Hayes JR, Campbell TC. 1976. The effect of protein deficiency on the in vivo binding of aflatoxin B1 to rat liver macromolecules.. Life sciences. 19(8):1191-7. ...
http://excellentnutrition.org/biblio/author/323
SID.ir | THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STABILIZERS ON STABILITY OF HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE- BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN-AFLATOXIN B1, A...SID.ir | THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STABILIZERS ON STABILITY OF HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE- BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN-AFLATOXIN B1, A...
Download Free Full-Text of an article THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STABILIZERS ON STABILITY OF HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE- BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN-AFLATOXIN B1, A CONJUGATED TRACER FOR DETECTION OF AFLATOXIN B1 IN IMMUNOASSAY-BASED METHODS
https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=101424
Median lethal doseMedian lethal dose
"Safety (MSDS) data for aflatoxin B1". ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2010-08-11. Voelz, George L.; Buican, Ileana G. ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_lethal_dose
Liver cancerLiver cancer
Dai Y, Huang K, Zhang B, Zhu L, Xu W (November 2017). "Aflatoxin B1-induced epigenetic alterations: An overview". Food Chem. ... Aflatoxin exposure can lead to the development of HCC. The aflatoxins are a group of chemicals produced by the fungi ... The mechanism by which aflatoxins cause cancer is through mutations and epigenetic alterations. Aflatoxins induce a spectrum of ... Aflatoxin exposure can be avoided by post-harvest intervention to discourage mold, which has been effective in west Africa. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_cancer
Cytochrome P450Cytochrome P450
Rawal S, Kim JE, Coulombe R (December 2010). "Aflatoxin B1 in poultry: toxicology, metabolism and prevention". Research in ... Rawal S, Coulombe RA (August 2011). "Metabolism of aflatoxin B1 in turkey liver microsomes: the relative roles of cytochromes ... in terms of their kinetic properties as well as in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1.[33] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP450
Aspergillus miraensisAspergillus miraensis
It has been reported to produce aflatoxin B1. A. miraensis has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) plates ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_miraensis
T. A. VenkitasubramanianT. A. Venkitasubramanian
"Changes in liver polyamines due to aflatoxin B1". Toxicol Lett. 34 (1): 1-4. doi:10.1016/0378-4274(86)90138-4. PMID 3097877.CS1 ... He also worked on Aspergillus parasiticus, a type of mold which produces aflatoxin and in the biosynthesis of those cancer- ... T. V. Reddy; L. Viswanathan; T. A. Venkitasubramanian (September 1971). "High Aflatoxin Production on a Chemically Defined ... "Regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis: effect of adenine nucleotides, cyclic AMP and N6-O2' -dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._A._Venkitasubramanian
CancerCancer
Aflatoxin B1, a frequent food contaminant, causes liver cancer. Betel nut chewing can cause oral cancer. National differences ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer
Aspergillus astellatusAspergillus astellatus
... produces Aflatoxin B1, Aflatoxin B2 and sterigmatocystin. A. astellatus has been cultivated on both ... a new producer of aflatoxin B1, B2 and sterigmatocystin". Letters in Applied Microbiology. 38 (5): 440-445. doi:10.1111/j.1472- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_astellatus
PolyketidePolyketide
Aflatoxin B1 one of the most carcinogenic compounds known. Polyketides are produced in bacteria, fungi, plants, and certain ... The cholesterol lowering agent lovastatin Discodermolide Aflatoxin Usnic acid Anthracimycin Anthramycin Esterase Nonribosomal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyketide
NeosaxitoxinNeosaxitoxin
Gabliks J, Barter S (April-September 1987). "Comparative cytotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 and saxitoxin in cell cultures". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neosaxitoxin
Aspergillus venezuelensisAspergillus venezuelensis
It has been shown to produce aflatoxin B1 and sterigmatocystin. In 2016, the genome of A. venezuelensis was sequenced as a part ... Emericella venezuelensis, a new species with stellate ascospores producing sterigmatocystin and aflatoxin B1. Systematic and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_venezuelensis
Causes of cancerCauses of cancer
Aflatoxin B1, a frequent food contaminate, is associated with liver cancer. Betel nut chewing has been shown to cause oral ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_cancer
Olumbe BassirOlumbe Bassir
Adekunle, A. A.; Bassir, O. (1973). "The effects of aflatoxin B1 and palmotoxins B0 and G0 on the germination and leaf colour ... Bassir, O.; Adekunle, A. A. (1972). "Production of aflatoxin B1 from defined natural cultures of Aspergillus flavus (link)". ... 1970 - Oxidative metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by mammalian liver slices and microsomes. 1979 - The uncoupling effect of N-( ... Bassir, Olumbe; Emafo, Philip O. (1970). "Oxidative metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by mammalian liver slices and microsomes". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olumbe_Bassir
Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavus
The four major aflatoxins produced are B1, B2, G1, and G2. The production of the major toxins are a result of particular ... Both L and S strains can produce the two most common aflatoxins (B1 and B2). Unique to the S strains is the production of ... Aflatoxin B1 is the most toxic and potent hepatocarcinogenic natural compound characterized. A. flavus also produces other ... and peppers produces high concentrations of aflatoxins. A. flavus growth on spices produces low concentrations of aflatoxin as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_flavus
CYP1A2CYP1A2
Other xenobiotic substrates for this enzyme include caffeine, aflatoxin B1, and paracetamol (acetaminophen). The transcript ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP1A2
Aspergillus rambelliiAspergillus rambellii
"Taxonomic comparison of three different groups of aflatoxin producers and a new efficient producer of aflatoxin B1, ... It accumulates very large amounts of sterigmatocystin, 3-O-methylsterigmatocystin and aflatoxin B1. A. rambellii has been ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_rambellii
PeanutPeanut
Hirano, S; Shima, T; Shimada, T (August 2001). "[Proportion of aflatoxin B1 contaminated kernels and its concentration in ... The United States Department of Agriculture tests every truckload of raw peanuts for aflatoxin; any containing aflatoxin levels ... Peanuts tested to have high aflatoxin are used to make peanut oil where the mold can be removed. A warning sign for the ... Poor storage of the cake may sometimes result in its contamination by aflatoxin, a naturally occurring mycotoxin that is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut
Cellulosimicrobium funkeiCellulosimicrobium funkei
"A novel strain of Cellulosimicrobium funkei can biologically detoxify aflatoxin B1 in ducklings". Microbial Biotechnology. 8 (3 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulosimicrobium_funkei
SterigmatocystinSterigmatocystin
The toxic effects of sterigmatocystin are much the same as those of aflatoxin B1. It is thus considered as a potent carcinogen ... Although it is a potent liver carcinogen similar to aflatoxin B1, current knowledge suggests that it is nowhere near as ... It has been suggested that sterigmatocystin is about 1/10 as potent a carcinogen as aflatoxin B1. Toxic effects of ... It appears to occur much less frequently than the aflatoxins, although analytical methods for its determination have not been ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterigmatocystin
GNMTGNMT
"Glycine N-methyltransferase affects the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and blocks its carcinogenic effect". Toxicology and Applied ... GNMT has been shown to detoxify some environmental carcinogens such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons and aflatoxin. There is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNMT
Aspergillus pseudonomiusAspergillus pseudonomius
It is most related to Aspergillus nomius, producing aflatoxin B1, chrysogine, and kojic acid. A. pseudonomius has been ... "Two new aflatoxin producing species, and an overview of Aspergillus section Flavi". Studies in Mycology. 69 (1): 57-80. doi: ... "Brazil nuts are subject to infection with B and G aflatoxin-producing fungus, Aspergillus pseudonomius". Int. J. Food Microbiol ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_pseudonomius
Sterigmatocystin 8-O-methyltransferaseSterigmatocystin 8-O-methyltransferase
"Identification of O-methylsterigmatocystin as an aflatoxin B1 and G1 precursor in Aspergillus parasiticus". Appl. Environ. ... Yabe K, Ando Y, Hashimoto J, Hamasaki T (1989). "Two distinct O-methyltransferases in aflatoxin biosynthesis". Appl. Environ. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterigmatocystin_8-O-methyltransferase
Median lethal doseMedian lethal dose
"Safety (MSDS) data for aflatoxin B1". ox.ac.uk.. [permanent dead link] ... Aflatoxin B1 (from Aspergillus flavus mold) rat, oral 480 µg/kg 0.00048 [71]. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LD-50
Aspergillus novoparasiticusAspergillus novoparasiticus
It has been reported to produce aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, and aflatoxin G2. A. novoparasiticus has been ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_novoparasiticus
OncomOncom
on growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and accumulation of aflatoxin B1 in groundnut". Mycological Research. 93 (4 ... oncomensis and Rhizopus oligosporus reduce the aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus. However, aflatoxin-producing molds ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncom
AlmondAlmond
Rushing, Blake R.; Selim, Mustafa I. (2019). "Aflatoxin B1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational ... If aflatoxin does not meet the strict safety regulations, the entire consignment may be reprocessed to eliminate the aflatoxin ... "Aflatoxins in food". European Food Safety Authority. 2010. "New EU Aflatoxin Levels and Sampling Plan" (PDF). USDA Foreign ... Almonds are susceptible to aflatoxin-producing molds. Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic chemicals produced by molds such as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almond
Aspergillus pseudotamariiAspergillus pseudotamarii
It has been shown to produce aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, cyclopiazonic acid, and kojic acid. A. pseudotamarii has been ... 105(2):233-239 Varga, J.; Frisvad, J.C.; Samson, R.A. (2011). "Aflatoxin producing species, and an overview of Aspergillus ... Aspergillus pseudotamarii, a new aflatoxin producing species in Aspergillus section Flavi. Mycological Research. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_pseudotamarii
Rhizopus oligosporusRhizopus oligosporus
on growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and accumulation of aflatoxin B1 in groundnut". Mycological Research. 93 (4 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizopus_oligosporus
FinrozoleFinrozole
Huuskonen, P; Myllynen, P; Storvik, M; Pasanen, M (2013). "The effects of aflatoxin B1 on transporters and steroid metabolizing ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finrozole
EPHX1EPHX1
"Susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with genetic variation in the enzymatic detoxification of aflatoxin B1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPHX1
Indole-3-carbinolIndole-3-carbinol
It promotes liver cancer in trout when it is combined with aflatoxin B1 and demotes metastasis. Indole-3-carbinol causes ... "Quantitative inter-relationships between aflatoxin B1 carcinogen dose, indole-3-carbinol anti-carcinogen dose, target organ DNA ... Results showed dose-related decreases in tumor susceptibility due to indole-3-carbinol (inferred by decreases in aflatoxin-DNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indole-3-carbinol
Mold health issuesMold health issues
Dietary exposure to the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1, commonly produced by growth of the fungus Aspergillus flavus on improperly ... Aflatoxin is an example of a mycotoxin. It is a cancer-causing poison produced by certain fungi in or on foods and feeds, ... high levels of carcinogen aflatoxin M1 in Mengniu brand milk were found to be associated with the consumption of mold- ... experienced a significant rise in the number of corn shipments containing elevated levels of aflatoxin. This mold toxin ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxic_mold
AKR1B1AKR1B1
"Major differences exist in the function and tissue-specific expression of human aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase and the ... Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (AKR1B1), also known as aldose reductase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ... AKR1B1, ADR, ALDR1, ALR2, AR, aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (aldose reductase), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B ... "Entrez Gene: AKR1B1 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (aldose reductase)".. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKR1B1
Լյարդի քաղցկեղ - Վիքիպեդիա՝ ազատ հանրագիտարանԼյարդի քաղցկեղ - Վիքիպեդիա՝ ազատ հանրագիտարան
Aflatoxin B1-induced epigenetic alterations: An overview»։ Food Chem. Toxicol. 109 (Pt 1): 683-689։ November 2017։ PMID ... 21,0 21,1 «The chemistry and biology of aflatoxin B(1): from mutational spectrometry to carcinogenesis»։ Carcinogenesis 22 (4 ...
https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Լյարդի_քաղցկեղ
MycotoxicologyMycotoxicology
... the term aflatoxin can be construed to mean aflatoxin B1. However, well over a dozen other aflatoxins (e.g., P1. Q1, B2a, and ... Aflatoxin B1 is the most potent natural carcinogen known [9] and is usually the major aflatoxin produced by toxigenic strains. ... Aflatoxins: The aflatoxins were isolated and characterized after the death of more than 100,000 turkey poults (turkey X disease ... was traced to the consumption of a mold-contaminated peanut meal.[7][8] The four major aflatoxins are called B1, B2, G1, and G2 ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycotoxicology
Toxin tiếng ViệtToxin tiếng Việt
Aflatoxin · Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin) · Citrinin · Cytochalasin · Ergotamine · ... Fumonisin (Fumonisin B1, Fumonisin B2) · Gliotoxin · Ibotenic acid · Muscimol · Ochratoxin · Patulin · Sterigmatocystin · ...
https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxin
CancerCancer
A high-salt diet is linked to gastric cancer.[45] Aflatoxin B1, a frequent food contaminant, causes liver cancer.[45] Betel nut ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malignant_neoplasms
NutritionNutrition
Over two decades later, nutritionists learned that the outer rice bran contains vitamin B1, also known as thiamine. ... Aflatoxin. *Arsenic contamination of groundwater. *Benzene in soft drinks. *Bisphenol A. *Dieldrin ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nutrition
Liosta Bithmhóilíní - VicipéidLiosta Bithmhóilíní - Vicipéid
Tiaimín Thiamine (Vitamin B1) - C12H17ClN4OS·HCl ... Vitimín B1 Vitamin B1 (thiamine). *Vitimín B2 Vitamin B2 ( ...
https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liosta_Bithmhóiliní
Botulinum toxinBotulinum toxin
Aflatoxin. *Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin). *beta-Nitropropionic acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botulinum
Cardiotoxin IIICardiotoxin III
Aflatoxin. *Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin). *beta-Nitropropionic acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiotoxin_III
HistrionicotoxinsHistrionicotoxins
Aflatoxin. *Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin). *beta-Nitropropionic acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histrionicotoxin
AflatoxinAflatoxin
Bao L, Trucksess MW, White KD (2010). "Determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in olive oil, peanut oil, and sesame oil ... Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic and is produced by both Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin M1 ... Aflatoxin M1, metabolite of aflatoxin B1 in humans and animals (exposure in ng levels may come from a mother's milk) ... Aflatoxins are among the most carcinogenic substances known.[12] After entering the body, aflatoxins may be metabolized by the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin
California newtCalifornia newt
Aflatoxin. *Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin). *beta-Nitropropionic acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Newt
Heat-labile enterotoxinHeat-labile enterotoxin
Aflatoxin. *Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin). *beta-Nitropropionic acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat-labile_enterotoxin
蓮花菰 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书蓮花菰 - 维基百科，自由的百科全书
Gyamfi MA, Aniya Y. Medicinal herb, Thonningia sanguinea protects against aflatoxin B1 acute hepatotoxicity in Fischer 344 rats ...
https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/蓮花菰
ToxinToxin
Aflatoxin. *Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin). *beta-Nitropropionic acid ... Fumonisin (Fumonisin B1, Fumonisin B2, Fumonisin B3, Fumonisin B4). *Gliotoxin. *Ibotenic acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxins
Kanser, ang malayang ensiklopedyaKanser, ang malayang ensiklopedya
... ang aflatoxin B1 na isang kadalasang nakahahawang pagkain sa kanser sa atay at pag-nguya ng mani na areka('nga nga') sa kanser ...
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanser
টক্সিন - উইকিপিডিয়াটক্সিন - উইকিপিডিয়া
Aflatoxin. *Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin). *beta-Nitropropionic acid ...
https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/টক্সিন
Hepatoprotecció - Viquipèdia, lenciclopèdia lliureHepatoprotecció - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
on aflatoxin B1-induced liver damage in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2007 113:3 (503-509) ...
https://ca.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatoprotector
Cholera toxinCholera toxin
B-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide b-1,4-galactosyltransferase. *Glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta- ... Aflatoxin. *Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin). *beta-Nitropropionic acid ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera_toxin
সদস্য:Gitartha.bordoloi/ধপাতৰ স্বাস্থ্যত প্ৰভাৱ - অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়াসদস্য:Gitartha.bordoloi/ধপাতৰ স্বাস্থ্যত প্ৰভাৱ - অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়া
... similarly to mustard gas or aflatoxin. Acrolein is only one of them present in cigarette smoke; for example, crotonaldehyde has ...
https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/সদস্য:Gitartha.bordoloi/ধপাতৰ_স্বাস্থ্যত_প্ৰভাৱ
Szerves vegyületek listája - WikipédiaSzerves vegyületek listája - Wikipédia
tiamin (B1-vitamin) - C12H17ClN4OS·HCl ... Aflatoxin. *Ajoén. *Akonitsav. *Akridin - C13H9N. * ...
https://hu.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szerves_vegyületek_listája
半數致死量 - 维基百科，自由的百科全半數致死量 - 维基百科，自由的百科全
黃麴毒素 (Aflatoxin B1) 大鼠, 口服. 大鼠, 腹腔注射 4.8 mg/kg. 6 mg/kg [9]p.89 ...
https://zh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/LD50
സിമ്പ്ലിഫൈഡ് മോളിക്യൂലാർ-ഇൻപുട് ലൈൻ‌-എൻട്രി സിസ്റ്റം - വിക്കിപീഡിയസിമ്പ്ലിഫൈഡ് മോളിക്യൂലാർ-ഇൻപുട് ലൈൻ‌-എൻട്രി സിസ്റ്റം - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Aflatoxin B1Aflatoxin B1
... is mostly found in contaminated food and humans are exposed to aflatoxin B1 almost entirely through their diet. ... Aflatoxin B1 must first be metabolized into its reactive electriphilic form, aflatoxin B1-8,9-exo-epoxide by cytochrome p450. ... Occupational exposure to aflatoxin B1 has also been reported in swine and poultry production. While aflatoxin B1 contamination ... I. The structure of the chloroform solvate of aflatoxin B1 and the absolute configuration of aflatoxin B1". Acta Crystallogr. B ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_B1
MycotoxinMycotoxin
The umbrella term aflatoxin refers to four different types of mycotoxins produced, which are B1, B2, G1, and G2. Aflatoxin B1, ... Aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus species of fungi, such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus. ... Aflatoxins are largely associated with commodities produced in the tropics and subtropics, such as cotton, peanuts, spices, ... 2005). "Aflatoxin contamination of commercial maize products during an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in eastern and central ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycotoxin
Aflatoxin B1 - WikipediaAflatoxin B1 - Wikipedia
Aflatoxin B1 is mostly found in contaminated food and humans are exposed to aflatoxin B1 almost entirely through their diet. ... Aflatoxin B1 must first be metabolized into its reactive electriphilic form, aflatoxin B1-8,9-exo-epoxide by cytochrome p450. ... Occupational exposure to aflatoxin B1 has also been reported in swine and poultry production. While aflatoxin B1 contamination ... I. The structure of the chloroform solvate of aflatoxin B1 and the absolute configuration of aflatoxin B1". Acta Crystallogr. B ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_B1
Aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide - WikipediaAflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide - Wikipedia
Aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide is a toxic metabolite of aflatoxin B1. Its formed by the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the ... In the liver, aflatoxin B1 is metabolized to aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide by the cytochrome P450 enzymes. The resulting epoxide ... Aflatoxin B1 Cytochrome P450 Arinç, Emel; Schenkman, John B.; Hodgson, Ernest (2012). Molecular and Applied Aspects of ... Turner, Paul Craig (2013). "The Molecular Epidemiology of Chronic Aflatoxin Driven Impaired Child Growth". Scientifica. 2013: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_B1_exo-8,9-epoxide
Genetic organization and function of the aflatoxin B1 biosynthetic genes. - PubMed - NCBIGenetic organization and function of the aflatoxin B1 biosynthetic genes. - PubMed - NCBI
Genetic organization and function of the aflatoxin B1 biosynthetic genes.. Woloshuk CP1, Prieto R. ... Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Most of the genes involved in ... A pair of fatty acid synthase genes were identified that are involved uniquely in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Two genes were also ... Gene expression is coordinated during aflatoxin production and is under the control of a positive regulatory gene belonging to ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9532734?dopt=Abstract
NHANES 1999-2000: Aflatoxin B1-lysine - Serum (Surplus) Data Documentation, Codebook, and FrequenciesNHANES 1999-2000: Aflatoxin B1-lysine - Serum (Surplus) Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies
SSAFB - Aflatoxin B1-lysine result (ng/mL). Variable Name: SSAFB. SAS Label: Aflatoxin B1-lysine result (ng/mL). English Text: ... SSAFBLC - Aflatoxin B1-lysine result comment code. Variable Name: SSAFBLC. SAS Label: Aflatoxin B1-lysine result comment code. ... Peak area ratios (aflatoxin B1-lysine m/z: aflatoxin B1-lysine-d4 m/z) were linearly related to concentration. Instrument ... Measurement of concentrations (ng/mL) of aflatoxin B1-lysine, derived from aflatoxin B1-albumin adducts, in a 2,104 serum ...
https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/1999-2000/SSAFB_A.htm
Aflatoxin B1 - Medical Dictionary online-medical-dictionary.orgAflatoxin B1 - Medical Dictionary online-medical-dictionary.org
Aflatoxin B1. A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of Fungi. It is ... The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to Aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal Monooxygenases biotransform the toxin ...
http://www.online-medical-dictionary.org/definitions-a/aflatoxin-b1.html
Aflatoxin B1 | definition of aflatoxin B1 by Medical dictionaryAflatoxin B1 | definition of aflatoxin B1 by Medical dictionary
... aflatoxin B1 explanation free. What is aflatoxin B1? Meaning of aflatoxin B1 medical term. What does aflatoxin B1 mean? ... Looking for online definition of aflatoxin B1 in the Medical Dictionary? ... Related to aflatoxin B1: Ochratoxin A, Aspergillus flavus, Aflatoxin m1. aflatoxin B1. A fungal toxin derived from Aspergillus ... Aflatoxin B1 , definition of aflatoxin B1 by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aflatoxin+B1 ...
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aflatoxin+B1
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Degradation of Aflatoxin B1 during the Fermentation of Alcoholic BeveragesToxins | Free Full-Text | Degradation of Aflatoxin B1 during the Fermentation of Alcoholic Beverages
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a contaminant of grain and fruit and has one of the highest levels of carcinogenicity of any natural ... Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a contaminant of grain and fruit and has one of the highest levels of carcinogenicity of any natural ... Degradation of Aflatoxin B1 during the Fermentation of Alcoholic Beverages. Tomonori Inoue. ... The Use of Feed Additives to Reduce the Effects of Aflatoxin and Deoxynivalenol on Pig Growth, Organ Health and Immune Status ...
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/7/1219
Association between aflatoxin B1 occupational airway exposure and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study |...Association between aflatoxin B1 occupational airway exposure and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study |...
The aim of this study was to determine the airway exposure of sugar and papermaking factory workers to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ... Co-contamination of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 in food and human dietary exposure in three areas of China. Food Addit Contam ... Determination of exposure to aflatoxins among Danish workers in animal-feed production through the analysis of aflatoxin B1 ... Asim M, Sarma MP, Thayumanavan L, Kar P. Role of aflatoxin B1 as a risk for primary liver cancer in north Indian population. ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13277-014-2231-3
Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Feedstuffs without Clean-Up Step by High-Performance Liquid ChromatographyDetermination of Aflatoxin B1 in Feedstuffs without Clean-Up Step by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
M. Oplatowska-Stachowiak, N. Sajic, Y. Xu et al., "Fast and sensitive aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins ELISAs for analysis of ... and aflatoxin B1 in rice in India," Food Microbiology, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 27-31, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google ... "Effect of naturally contaminated feed with aflatoxins on performance of laying hens and the carryover of aflatoxin B1 residues ... M. A. Anjum, S. H. Khan, A. W. Sahota, and R. Sardar, "Assessment of aflatoxin B1 in commercial poultry feed and feed ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijac/2018/4650764/
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Bioactivation and Regioselectivity of Pig Cytochrome P450 3A29 towards Aflatoxin B1Toxins | Free Full-Text | Bioactivation and Regioselectivity of Pig Cytochrome P450 3A29 towards Aflatoxin B1
... pigs are easily exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and suffer from poisoning, thus the poisoned products potentially affect human ... Due to unavoidable contaminations in feedstuff, pigs are easily exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and suffer from poisoning, thus ... Confirmation and Fine Mapping of a Major QTL for Aflatoxin Resistance in Maize Using a Combination of Linkage and Association ... RNA Sequencing of Contaminated Seeds Reveals the State of the Seed Permissive for Pre-Harvest Aflatoxin Contamination and ...
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/8/9/267
Effects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavusEffects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus
X. Ma, W. Wang, X. Chen et al., "Selection, identification, and application of Aflatoxin B1 aptamer," European Food Research ... A. Abdollahi and R. L. Buchanan, "Regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis: induction of aflatoxin production by various ... "Influence of lipids with and without other cottonseed reserve materials on aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus," ... "Multifunctional column coupled with liquid chromatography for determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in corn, almonds, ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2016/7232858/ref/
Effect of Kombucha Tea on Aflatoxin B1 Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats-prophylactic and Curative Studies |...Effect of Kombucha Tea on Aflatoxin B1 Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats-prophylactic and Curative Studies |...
Jodynis-Liebert J, Matlawska I, Bylka W, and Murias M (2006) Protective effect of Aquilegia vulgaris L. on aflatoxin B1 induced ... Raney KD, Meyer DJ, Ketterer B, Harris TM, and Guengerich FP (1992) Glutathione conjugation of aflatoxin B1 exo- and endo- ... Stresser DM, Bailey GS, and Williams DE (1994) Indole-3-carbinol and a-naphthoflavone induction of aflatoxin B1 metabolism and ... Ip SP, Mak DH, Li PC, Poon MK, and Ko KM (1996) Effect of a lignan enriched extract of Schisandra chinensis on aflatoxin B1 and ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.3839/jksabc.2010.063
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00213523 - Development and optimization of a supercritical fluid extraction method for the...NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00213523 - Development and optimization of a supercritical fluid extraction method for the...
A new technique for the extraction of grain dust aflatoxin-B1 (1162658) using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was ... SFE detected aflatoxin-B1 in 14 samples, while the classical method did so for seven. Optimization for temperature, pressure, ... Development and optimization of a supercritical fluid extraction method for the analysis of aflatoxin b1 in grain dust.. ... A new technique for the extraction of grain dust aflatoxin-B1 (1162658) using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was ...
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/nioshtic-2/00213523.html
Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [Biotin] (NB600-443B): Novus BiologicalsAflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [Biotin] (NB600-443B): Novus Biologicals
Mouse Monoclonal Anti-Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [Biotin]. Validated: WB, ELISA, ICC/IF, IHC-Fr, IHC-P. Tested Reactivity: ... At least 13 different types of aflatoxin are produced in nature with aflatoxin B1 considered as the most toxic. Aflatoxin B1 ... Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [Biotin] Summary. Immunogen. Aflatoxin B1 DNA (against the midazole ring-opened persistent form of ... Check out the latest blog posts on Aflatoxin B1.. Using Aflatoxin B1 Antibody for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Studies. We at Novus ...
https://www.novusbio.com/products/aflatoxin-b1-antibody-6a10_nb600-443b
AllAboutFeed - Lower Aflatoxin B1 risk for Croatia and SpainAllAboutFeed - Lower Aflatoxin B1 risk for Croatia and Spain
GMP+ International adjusted the risk profile for Aflatoxin B1 for maize. For Croatia and Spain this means that the risk is ... Aflatoxin B1: Changes for Brazil and Croatia As a result of the evaluation of the available analysis results of Aflatoxin B1 in ... Aflatoxin B1 risk for Canada reduced For Canada, the risk profile for Aflatoxin B1 changes from Medium to Low. This means ... Aflatoxin B1: changes in risk profile Spain The risk profile for Aflatoxin B1 for Spanish maize is changed from Low to ...
https://www.allaboutfeed.net/Mycotoxins/Articles/2017/2/Lower-Aflatoxin-B1-risk-for-Croatia-and-Spain-90236E/
Ursolic acid inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenicity in a Salmonella assay system.Ursolic acid inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenicity in a Salmonella assay system.
... which inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenicity in the Salmonella assay system. The number of revertants per plate was ... Aflatoxin B1 / toxicity*. Animals. Antimutagenic Agents / pharmacology*. Male. Plant Extracts / pharmacology. Rats. Rats, ... An attempt was made to isolate the active component of Eriobotrya japonica, which inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenicity in ... 0/Antimutagenic Agents; 0/Plant Extracts; 0/Triterpenes; 1162-65-8/Aflatoxin B1; 77-52-1/ursolic acid ...
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Ursolic-acid-inhibits-aflatoxin-B1/8000393.html
Aflatoxin B1 organic compound molecule - Stock Image F016/9534 - Science Photo LibraryAflatoxin B1 organic compound molecule - Stock Image F016/9534 - Science Photo Library
Molecular model of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (C17.H12.O6), produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. This chemical is ... Caption: Aflatoxin B1. Molecular model of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (C17.H12.O6), produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. ... Keywords: aflatoxin b1, artwork, aspergillus flavus, ball and stick, ball-and-stick, chemical, chemical compound, chemistry, ...
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/791214/view
Protection against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic toxicity as short-term screen of cancer chemopreventive dithiolethionesProtection against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic toxicity as short-term screen of cancer chemopreventive dithiolethiones
Using selected dithiolethiones, studies were designed to measure protection against the hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) ... Protection against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic toxicity as short-term screen of cancer chemopreventive dithiolethiones Fundam ... Using selected dithiolethiones, studies were designed to measure protection against the hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8921328/?dopt=Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &...Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &...
Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan ... Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan. Hui-Chen Wu, Qiao Wang, Hwai-I Yang ... Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan ... Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan ...
https://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/18/3/846.article-info
Molecular dosimetry of hepatic aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts: linear correlation with hepatic cancer riskMolecular dosimetry of hepatic aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts: linear correlation with hepatic cancer risk
An analysis of hepatic aflatoxin B1-DNA adduct (HADA) concentrations in rats and trout demonstrated that the hepatic cancer ... Molecular dosimetry of hepatic aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts: linear correlation with hepatic cancer risk Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. ... An analysis of hepatic aflatoxin B1-DNA adduct (HADA) concentrations in rats and trout demonstrated that the hepatic cancer ... The minimum human virtual safe dose for aflatoxin was estimated to be 0.264 ng/kg/day on the basis of this approach. ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2505337/?dopt=Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 ELISA - Krishgen Biosystems IndiaAflatoxin B1 ELISA - Krishgen Biosystems India
Aflatoxin belong to the strongest natural occurring carcinogenic substances, found in corn, peanuts, cotton seed, human blood ... Aflatoxin B1 ELISA Home / Food Safety Assays / Aflatoxin B1 ELISA Return to Previous Page ... The use of aflatoxin B1 ELISA kit to analyze aflatoxin B1 residue of samples is fast and accurate. Refer to the National ... Aflatoxin B1. Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of the fungi species Aspergillus flavus, parasiticus and nomius. Aflatoxins ...
http://www.krishgen.com/product/aflatoxin-b1-elisa/?add-to-cart=1222
Aflatoxin B1 Rapid - Krishgen Biosystems IndiaAflatoxin B1 Rapid - Krishgen Biosystems India
Aflatoxin B1 Rapid Home / Food Safety Assays / Aflatoxin B1 Rapid Return to Previous Page ... Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) is one of the strongest carcinogenic chemicals currently known, the State AQSIQ stipulate that AFB1 is one ...
http://www.krishgen.com/product/aflatoxin-b1-rapid/?add_to_wishlist=1221
Excretion of Aflatoxin B1 as a glutathione conjugate | Springer for Research & DevelopmentExcretion of Aflatoxin B1 as a glutathione conjugate | Springer for Research & Development
... treatment with Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (2mg/kg) showed less than 40% of the radioactivity in the 24 h urine and... ... Aflatoxin B1 glutathione conjugation biliary and urinary excretion This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check ... Bassir, O. and Osiyemi, F. (1967) Biliary excretion of aflatoxin in the rat after a single dose. Nature 215, 882.CrossRefPubMed ... Acute and chronic effects of aflatoxin on the liver of Domestic and laboratory animals. A. review.PubMedGoogle Scholar ...
https://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF03189524
XRCC1 Polymorphisms: Effects on Aflatoxin B1-DNA Adducts and Glycophorin A Variant Frequency | Cancer ResearchXRCC1 Polymorphisms: Effects on Aflatoxin B1-DNA Adducts and Glycophorin A Variant Frequency | Cancer Research
XRCC1 Polymorphisms: Effects on Aflatoxin B1-DNA Adducts and Glycophorin A Variant Frequency ... Hsieh L-L., Hsieh T-T. Detection of aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts in human placenta and cord blood. Cancer Res., 53: 1278-1280, 1993 ... XRCC1 Polymorphisms: Effects on Aflatoxin B1-DNA Adducts and Glycophorin A Variant Frequency. Ruth M. Lunn, Ronald G. Langlois ... Hsieh L-L., Hsu S. W., Chen D. S., Santella R. M. Immunological detection of aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts formed in vivo. Cancer ...
https://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/59/11/2557?ijkey=e452c3c2168074d22ae99e0749f24c36390acf5d&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Aflatoxin b1 | Article about Aflatoxin b1 by The Free DictionaryAflatoxin b1 | Article about Aflatoxin b1 by The Free Dictionary
Find out information about Aflatoxin b1. Any of a group of secondary metabolites produced by the common molds Aspergillus ... flavus and A. parasiticus that cause a toxic response in vertebrates when... Explanation of Aflatoxin b1 ... aflatoxin. (redirected from Aflatoxin b1). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Acronyms.. Related to Aflatoxin b1: ... Aflatoxin b1 , Article about Aflatoxin b1 by The Free Dictionary https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Aflatoxin+b1 ...
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Aflatoxin+b1
RCSB PDB - 3PW7: Ternary complex of Aflatoxin B1 Adduct modified DNA (AFB1-N7-Gua) with DNA Polymerase IV and incoming dCTPRCSB PDB - 3PW7: Ternary complex of Aflatoxin B1 Adduct modified DNA (AFB1-N7-Gua) with DNA Polymerase IV and incoming dCTP
Ternary complex of Aflatoxin B1 Adduct modified DNA (AFB1-N7-Gua) with DNA Polymerase IV and incoming dCTP. *DOI: 10.2210/ ... 8,9-DIHYDRO-9-HYDROXY-AFLATOXIN B1. C17 H14 O7. GACWFTLPANAFAK-GVLSTKRJSA-N. Ligand Interaction. ... Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) is oxidized to an epoxide in vivo, which forms an N7-dG DNA adduct (AFB(1)-N7-dG). The AFB(1)-N7-dG can ... Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) is oxidized to an epoxide in vivo, which forms an N7-dG DNA adduct (AFB(1)-N7-dG). The AFB(1)-N7-dG can ...
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3PW7
RCSB PDB - 1AG5: THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF AN AFLATOXIN B1 EPOXIDE ADDUCT AT THE N7 POSITION OF GUANINE OPPOSITE AN...RCSB PDB - 1AG5: THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF AN AFLATOXIN B1 EPOXIDE ADDUCT AT THE N7 POSITION OF GUANINE OPPOSITE AN...
9-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 opposite CpA in the complementary strand of an oligodeoxynucleotide duplex as determined by 1H NMR. ... THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF AN AFLATOXIN B1 EPOXIDE ADDUCT AT THE N7 POSITION OF GUANINE OPPOSITE AN ADENINE IN THE COMPLEMENTARY ... 8,9-DIHYDRO-8-(N7-GUANYL)-9-HYDROXYAFLATOXIN B1 OPPOSITE CPA IN THE COMPLEMENTARY STRAND ... 8,9-DIHYDRO-8-(N7-GUANYL)-9-HYDROXYAFLATOXIN B1 OPPOSITE CPA IN THE COMPLEMENTARY STRAND ...
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/litView.do?structureId=1AG5
Simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone by magnetic nanoparticle filled amino-modified multi-walled carbon...Simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone by magnetic nanoparticle filled amino-modified multi-walled carbon...
... method was explored for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZON) simultaneous determination. This method was based on a newly ... Simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone by magnetic nanoparticle filled amino-modified multi-walled carbon ... Simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone by magnetic nanoparticle filled amino-modified multi-walled carbon ... method was explored for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZON) simultaneous determination. This method was based on a newly ...
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2018/ay/c8ay00815a
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Protective Effects of Sodium Selenite against Aflatoxin B1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in...IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Protective Effects of Sodium Selenite against Aflatoxin B1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in...
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of sodium selenite on aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative ... Keywords: aflatoxin b1; sodium selenite; oxidative stress; apoptosis; spleen aflatoxin b1; sodium selenite; oxidative stress; ... The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of sodium selenite on aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative ... Protective Effects of Sodium Selenite against Aflatoxin B1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Broiler Spleen. Fengyuan ...
http://mdpi.com/1660-4601/10/7/2834
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Non-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney...Toxins | Free Full-Text | Non-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney...
... we developed quantitative methods for the detection of biologically active aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in Vero cells by two independent ... Once consumed, aflatoxins (AFs) accumulate in tissues, causing illnesses in animals and humans. Most human exposure to AF seems ... The policy of blending and dilution of grain containing higher levels of aflatoxins with uncontaminated grains for use in ... Aflatoxin-producing fungi contaminate food and feed during pre-harvest, storage and processing periods. ...
http://mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/8/1447/xml
AFB1AspergillusMycotoxinsToxicityCarcinogenicExposure to aflatoxinContaminationAdductsSecondary metabolitesDetectionAdductMetabolism of aflatoxinHepatocellular carcinomaLiverFungalImmunoassayDetoxificationCarcinogenPresence of aflatoxinOccurrenceMaizeAntibodyToxinMetaboliteAnalysis of aflatoxinConjugateRatsAssaysHepaticPotentGlutathioneGrainsDeterminationAssayDietaryOxidative stressAdverse effects of aflatoxinParasiticusConjugationFungiCompoundsLactic Acid BacAcuteReduction of aflatoxinMutagenicZearalenone2016CarcinogensPoultryCerealsCropsELISA Test KitMutagenicity of aflatoxinContaminated foodMonoclonalConcentration of aflatoxinAmount of aflatoxins
AFB145
  • aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). (thefreedictionary.com)
  • In this study, we evaluated the applicability of qPCR for detecting genomic changes in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues by determining if a subset of 14 genes from a 90-gene signature derived from microarray data and associated with eventual tumor development could be detected in archival liver, kidney, and lung of rats exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) for 90 days in feed at 1 ppm. (nih.gov)
  • The aim of this study was to determine the airway exposure of sugar and papermaking factory workers to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and to explore the potential association between AFB1 airway exposure and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a case-control study. (springer.com)
  • Aflatoxin B1 DNA (against the midazole ring-opened persistent form of the major N-7 guanine adduct of AFB1). (novusbio.com)
  • Using selected dithiolethiones, studies were designed to measure protection against the hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and relate it to the protection against carcinogenicity. (nih.gov)
  • Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) is one of the strongest carcinogenic chemicals currently known, the State AQSIQ stipulate that AFB1 is one of the must inspection material for most food. (krishgen.com)
  • A novel magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was explored for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZON) simultaneous determination. (rsc.org)
  • To develop a better understanding of the significance of low dose effects, in the present study, we developed quantitative methods for the detection of biologically active aflatoxin B 1 (AFB1) in Vero cells by two independent assays: the green fluorescent protein (GFP) assay, as a measure of protein synthesis by the cells, and the microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, as a measure of cell viability. (mdpi.com)
  • A study of liver apoptosis after aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) administration and the effect of melatonin (MEL) was investigated in male rats. (nel.edu)
  • We developed a simple aptamer fluorescence assay for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) detection by using an array of capillaries. (rsc.org)
  • Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic and common of the major types of aflatoxins. (frontiersin.org)
  • Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic member of the aflatoxin family. (frontiersin.org)
  • The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of probiotic fermented milk (FM) containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, alone as well as in combination with chlorophyllin (CHL) as an antioxidant agent in male Wistar rats administered aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1). (fil-idf.org)
  • This paper presents the synthesis, optimization and application of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sorbent for the selective extraction and pre-concentration of the potent toxin, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), from the child weaning food, Tsabana (manufactured in Serowe, Botswana). (degruyter.com)
  • As a food safety regulatory measure, Tsabana must be cleared of hazardous aflatoxins, especially AFB1, before consumption. (degruyter.com)
  • This is because AFB1 is the most common and potent of the aflatoxins commonly found in cereals. (degruyter.com)
  • The adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) concentrations on duck laying performance regarding egg productivity, serum-hematological profiles and residue were investigated. (lrrd.org)
  • There are four major aflatoxin analogues including aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1) and G2 (AFG2) of which AFB1 is the most toxic and detected worldwide (Monson et al 2015). (lrrd.org)
  • Residues of AFB1 and the carry-over rate of aflatoxin into tissues and eggs were reported by Oliveira et al (2000) and Bintvihok et al (2002). (lrrd.org)
  • In current study, different stabilizers were applied to stabilize a newly prepared conjugated molecule, Horseradish peroxidase-Bovine serum albumin-Aflatoxin B1 (HRP-BSA-AFB1). (sid.ir)
  • This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding corns naturally contaminated with AflatoxinB1 (AFB1) on performance, serum biochemistry, liver histopathological changes and percentage of hepatocyte apoptosis of Cherry Valley Ducks. (scialert.net)
  • Poultry are highly susceptible to the immunotoxic effects of the food-borne mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). (hku.hk)
  • High concentrations of the carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are commonly found in respirable, airborne grain dusts, and inhaled AFB1 has been shown to be a risk factor for occupational pulmonary carcinogenesis. (usu.edu)
  • Occupational exposures to respirable dusts contaminated with the mycotoxin aflatoxin b1 (AFB1) have been associated with an increased incidence of upper airway tumors. (usu.edu)
  • A Fe3O4/GO based platform for aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) detection and a [email protected] based platform for ochratoxin A (OTA) detection were fabricated. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this present work, an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was successfully developed based on an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (myjournals.org)
  • Competition occurred between aflatoxin B1-bovine serum albumin (AFB1-BSA) and free AFB1 (in peanut sample and standard) for the binding site of a fixed amount of anti-AFB1 antibody. (myjournals.org)
  • Can reduce the dialdehyde protein-binding form of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to the non-binding AFB1 dialcohol. (creative-enzymes.com)
  • Susceptibility and/or resistance to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a threshold trait governed principally by glutathione S transferase (GST)-mediated detoxification. (umn.edu)
  • Consumption of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminated feed by poultry affects the health of broiler birds causing severe economic losses. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • The initial process to prepare tortillas includes boiling maize grains with lime and to assumpt that AFs in maize tortillas are destroyed, protecting consumers from their mutagenic effects.The purpose of this study was to investigate the mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in tortillas during digestion. (scitechnol.com)
  • In extremely toxic compounds include aflatoxins, particularly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). (engormix.com)
  • The degradation of AFB1 was examined using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Electron spray ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). The optimal temperature, time, and pH of the medium for the maximum degradation of Aflatoxin B1 were found to be 37 °C, 24 h and 7, respectively. (cftri.com)
  • We examined the cellular immune status of 64 Ghanaians in relation to levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-albumin adducts in plasma. (edu.gh)
  • In this study, we determined the effects of aqueous extracts of these four herbs on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced mutagenesis using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 as the bacterial tester strain and rat liver 9000 x g supernatant as the activation system. (heilpflanzen-welt.de)
  • Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mutagenic and carcinogenic compound mainly produced by the Aspergillus parasiticus , A. flavus , A. nomius , A. tamari , and A. pseudotamarii . (ac.ir)
  • This study was carried out to detect the presence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in samples of spices collected from Qaemshahr in Mazandaran province, Iran. (ac.ir)
  • Conclusion: Although the concentration of AFB1 in the study samples was less than the maximum limit approved by the EU, the 100% Aflatoxin contamination of the samples could be a potential hazard for public health. (ac.ir)
  • Abstract Aflatoxin B1 AFB1 is commonly found in cereals and animal feeds and causes a significant threat to the food industry and animal production. (duhnnae.com)
  • This antibody is developed using aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-BSA as immunogen, and affinity purified with AFB1-agarose. (immunechem.com)
  • This study aimed at determining the effects of different concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from Aspergillus flavus on in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation parameters using two experiments (Exp. (ac.ir)
  • Prolonged dietary exposure to Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the major risk factors for the development of primary liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (edu.gh)
  • This study assessed the binding of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from contaminated solution by 20 strains of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. (hku.hk)
  • In this study, a rapid and sensitive gold nanoparticle (AuNP) immunochromatographic strip is produced for detecting aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in suspicious fungi-contaminated food samples. (tudublin.ie)
  • however, their role in genic toxicity related to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), such as TP53 mutation and DNA damage, has not yet been evaluated. (intechopen.com)
Aspergillus20
  • Aflatoxin B1 is an aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. (wikipedia.org)
  • While toxicity of its products, aflatoxins, are explored throughout this article, Aspergillus flavus itself also exerts pathogenic effects through aspergillosis, or infection with the mold. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. (nih.gov)
  • H. Ma, N. Zhang, L. Sun, and D. Qi, "Effects of different substrates and oils on aflatoxin B 1 production by Aspergillus parasiticus ," European Food Research and Technology , vol. 240, no. 3, pp. 627-634, 2014. (hindawi.com)
  • C. P. Woloshuk, J. R. Cavaletto, and T. E. Cleveland, "Inducers of aflatoxin biosynthesis from colonized maize kernels are generated by an amylase activity from Aspergillus flavus ," Phytopathology , vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 164-169, 1997. (hindawi.com)
  • N. D. Davis and U. L. Diener, "Growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus from various carbon sources," Applied Microbiology , vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 158-159, 1968. (hindawi.com)
  • Aflatoxin is a naturally occurring mycotoxin produced by two types of mold: Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. (novusbio.com)
  • Molecular model of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (C17.H12.O6), produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. (sciencephoto.com)
  • Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of the fungi species Aspergillus flavus, parasiticus and nomius. (krishgen.com)
  • The relative proportions of the four major aflatoxins synthesized by Aspergillus reflect the genetic constitution of the producing strain and the parameters associated with fungal growth. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of certain Aspergillus species, that contaminate staple foods, particularly in developing countries. (frontiersin.org)
  • Out of about 20 known aflatoxins, the moulds Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus produce exclusively aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2, and all the other aflatoxins are derivates of these four. (rapidtest.com)
  • Aflatoxin is a carcinogenic and mutagenic metabolite which is produced by the fungal strains of Aspergillus spp. (lrrd.org)
  • Thus, a considerable research effort has focused on prevention strategies to reduce the impact of aflatoxin-induced HCC, including postharvest mitigation of food contamination by the mold Aspergillus flavus that forms aflatoxin ( 3 ) and dietary change to foodstuffs less prone to fungal contaminations ( 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • Aspergillus flavus is an opportunistic pathogen and may produce aflatoxins in maize, one of the most important crops in Argentina. (usda.gov)
  • The age of Aspergillus parasiticus (1-11-105Wh1) mycelium was found to have an influence on the level of enzymes, responsible for the conversion of sterigmatocystin to aflatoxin B[1] and O-methylsterigmatocystin, present. (ukzn.ac.za)
  • This study explored the potential use of antifungal compounds, produced by Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus paracasei, for growth inhibition and subsequent aflatoxin B1 production from select strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites of major concern to the food industry, generally produced by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius. (prognosis-biotech.com)
  • Aflatoxins are a group of carcinogenic compounds produced by Aspergillus fungi that can grow on different agricultural crops. (qub.ac.uk)
  • Aflatoxin is a widely occurring and harmful mycotoxin produced by strains of Aspergillus species that grow on vegetable matter. (thefreedictionary.com)
Mycotoxins13
  • Aflatoxins are a group of highly toxic mycotoxins with high carcinogenicity that are commonly found in foods. (frontiersin.org)
  • Aflatoxins belong to the class of mycotoxins. (rapidtest.com)
  • Aflatoxins are the strongest mycotoxins, which act primarily in a hepatotoxic and carcinogenic way. (rapidtest.com)
  • 2008). Food contaminated with mycotoxins, particularly with aflatoxins, a subcategory, can cause sometimes fatal acute illness and are associated with cancer risk. (usda.gov)
  • One of the most toxic groups of mycotoxins are the aflatoxins ( 20 , 47 ), and aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), the most toxic and carcinogenic of the naturally occurring aflatoxins, has been classified as a class 1A human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer ( 20 ). (asm.org)
  • Two Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains, GG and LC-705, were the most efficient strains in binding a range of mycotoxins, including aflatoxins ( 6 , 9 , 10 , 18 , 28 , 29 ). (asm.org)
  • Our previous work with lactic acid bacteria revealed that the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (ATCC 53013) efficiently binds several mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ), its hydroxylated metabolite, in vitro ( 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 19 ). (asm.org)
  • Animal feeds are frequently contaminated with mycotoxins, with aflatoxin the most common mycotoxin found in tropical climates. (lrrd.org)
  • Aflatoxins are a group of toxic agents belonging to the category of mycotoxins. (ac.ir)
  • Aflatoxins are a large group of highly toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by specific species of fungi. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Aflatoxin B1 is the most harmful among the mycotoxins commonly present in food and feed, and it may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma in humans and animals. (cftri.com)
  • The comparison of the experimental data for three mycotoxins studied (e.g. aflatoxin B1, T-2 mycotoxin, and zearalenone) confirmed a common mechanism of the sensitivity boost due to the aggregation of hydrophobic molecules of mycotoxins in aqueous solutions. (shu.ac.uk)
  • The acute toxicity, carcinogenicity, and metabolism of sterigmatocystin has been compared with those for aflatoxin and several other hepatotoxic mycotoxins. (wikipedia.org)
Toxicity6
  • The liver is the most susceptible organ to aflatoxin B1 toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
  • The concept of reactive electrophilic metabolites in chemical carcino-genesis: Recent results with aromatic amines, safrole and as aflatoxin B 1 In Biological Reactive intermediates: formation, toxicity and interactions Edited by Jollow, D.J. Kocsis, J.J. Synder, R. and Vainio, T.J., 6-24 Plenum press, N. York, London. (springer.com)
  • Aflatoxins have high toxicity and carcinogenicity. (frontiersin.org)
  • The four main aflatoxins show a different toxicity. (rapidtest.com)
  • Christopher McKean, Lili Tang, Madhavi Billam, Meng Tang, Christopher W. Theodorakis, Ronald J. Kendall and Jia-Sheng Wang, "Comparative acute and combinative toxicity of aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin in animals and immortalized human cell lines", J. Appl. (toxbank.net)
  • Resveratrol diets enhanced antioxidant status of birds indicating the protective effect of resveratrol against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity. (greenmedinfo.com)
Carcinogenic5
  • Aflatoxins belong to the strongest natural occurring carcinogenic substances, commonly found in corn, peanuts, cotton seed, human blood and animal feed.Aflatoxin B1 appears nearly in all cases together with Aflatoxin B2, G1 and G2 and it is the analyte with the highest toxic significance. (krishgen.com)
  • Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic fungal metabolites that frequently contaminate staple crops ( 1 ). (asm.org)
  • Experimental lung carcinogenic in vivo study of aflatoxin G1 in NIH mice]. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Aflatoxin B1 is a food borne mycotoxin which is carcinogenic to both humans and animals. (immunechem.com)
  • Oral doses of calcium montmorillonite clay reduced urinary biomarkers and bioavailability of Fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin, two contaminants of grain that are carcinogenic. (greenmedinfo.com)
Exposure to aflatoxin6
  • Occupational exposure to aflatoxin B1 has also been reported in swine and poultry production. (wikipedia.org)
  • An isotope dilution mass spectrometry based method (LC-MS/MS triple quadrupole MS using electrospray ionization) was used for routine quantitation of AFB-lys as a measure of individual exposure to aflatoxin B1. (cdc.gov)
  • These data are suggestive of a beneficial role of GG against dietary exposure to aflatoxin. (asm.org)
  • High concentrations and long-term exposure to aflatoxin manifest as histopathological alteration through an enlarged and fatty liver, hepatocellular necrosis, bile duct proliferation and hepatocellular carcinoma (Bintvihok 2001, Rawal et al 2010, Siloto et al 2011). (lrrd.org)
  • Effects of maternal exposure to aflatoxin B1 during pregnancy on fertility output of dams and developmental, behavioral and reproductive consequences in female offspring using a rat model. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Occupational exposure to Aflatoxin B1 in Portuguese swine. (unl.pt)
Contamination14
  • Several sampling and analytical methods including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), among others, have been used to test for aflatoxin B1 contamination in foods. (wikipedia.org)
  • While aflatoxin B1 contamination is common in many staple foods, its production is maximized in foods stored in hot, humid climates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Corn, rice, cottonseed, and peanuts are the major crops regularly displaying high levels of aflatoxin contamination. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Several commercially feasible methods of ammoniation have been developed for reducing levels of aflatoxin contamination in animal feeds. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • 1996).. The above described issues of mycotoxin contamination is a nation-wide problem within USA and needs to be addressed with novel strategies and intelligent research initiatives.ObjectivesThe strategic objective of this research project is to operationally define and engrain within the consortium through disciplined implementation, a holistic Roadmap for accelerating the innovation process in irradiation research for aflatoxins detoxification. (usda.gov)
  • Experiments were performed under simulated conditions at low-level aflatoxin contamination commonly found in natural feedstuff with sub-chronic ingestion. (lrrd.org)
  • In Thailand, low-level contamination of aflatoxin in poultry feed is frequently found (Kavisarasai 2010), possibly due to Thai animal feed regulations which limit the toxin concentration to below 0.03-0.1 mg/kg. (lrrd.org)
  • The methods were validated for peanut matrix as this crop is one of the most affected by aflatoxin contamination. (qub.ac.uk)
  • O'Riordan MJ, Wilkinson MG. A survey of the incidence and level of aflatoxin contamination in a range of imported spice preparations on the Irish retail market. (ac.ir)
  • Aflatoxin contamination in chillies from Punjab Pakistan with reference to climate change. (ac.ir)
  • However, the commodities with the highest risk of aflatoxin contamination are corn, peanuts, and cottonseed. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Modelling climatic risks of aflatoxin contamination in maize. (ac.ir)
  • Aflatoxin contamination of commercial maize products during an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in eastern and central Kenya. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Select topics are presented here to provide a snapshot of current understanding of the occurrence and metabolism of aflatoxin B1, the contamination, exposure, and detection of aflatoxin B1, and the toxicological effects and detoxification of aflatoxin. (intechopen.com)
Adducts7
  • Measurement of concentrations (ng/mL) of aflatoxin B1-lysine, derived from aflatoxin B1-albumin adducts, in a 2,104 serum sample subset of NHANES 1999-2000. (cdc.gov)
  • 2005) was used to assess aflatoxin-albumin adducts in serum. (cdc.gov)
  • Aflatoxin B1 adducts were hydrolyzed from serum albumin using enzymatic digestion with pronase which was incubated in a 40°C water bath for 4 hours or overnight at 37°C. Once digestion was complete, samples were transferred to an automated solid phase extraction (SPE) system. (cdc.gov)
  • AFB-lys eluted 0.02±0.01 min after the internal standard in the QC pools which were known to contain aflatoxin B1-albumin adducts and similarly, 0.02±0.02 min after the internal standard in the unknown NHANES samples. (cdc.gov)
  • In both cases, significant, but incomplete reductions in levels of hepatic aflatoxin-derived DNA adducts were observed in parallel cohorts of animals. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Human exposure to the hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B 1 results in modification of serum albumin lysine ε-amino residues to form lysine-aflatoxin adducts. (elsevier.com)
  • Aflatoxin is metabolized to a reactive epoxide that forms adducts with DNA and protein lysine groups. (toxbank.net)
Secondary metabolites2
  • Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites of fungi (e.g. (hindawi.com)
  • In laboratory cultures, aflatoxins are biosynthesized after active growth has ceased, as is typical for secondary metabolites. (thefreedictionary.com)
Detection20
  • Detection and estimation of aflatoxin B1 in feeds and its biodegradation by bacteria and fungi. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system with ultraviolet detection was calibrated using 2 nanograms (ng), 4ng, and 8ng of aflatoxin-B1. (cdc.gov)
  • Thin-layer chromatography has been a common method of aflatoxin detection, but sample preparation and samples analysis of this method is time-consuming and exhausting. (krishgen.com)
  • A total of 65 poultry feed samples were examined for the detection of aflatoxin (aflatoxin B 1 and aflatoxin B 2 ) using thin layer chromatography (TLC). (nepjol.info)
  • ELISA is one of the sensitive methods for detection of aflatoxins. (sid.ir)
  • Preparation and stabilizing of a proper conjugated tracer for detection of aflatoxins is probably the main step for designing an ELISA method. (sid.ir)
  • A colorimetric biosensor for simultaneous ochratoxin A and aflatoxins B1 detection in agricultural products. (bvsalud.org)
  • The Effect of Different Stabilizers on Stability of Horseradish Peroxidase- Bovine Serum Albumin-Aflatoxin B1, a Conjugated Tracer for Detection of Aflatoxin B1 in Immunoassay-Based Methods', Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research , Volume 6(Number 3), pp. 179-184. (ac.ir)
  • Farzamfar, B., Bayanolhagh, S., Mahboudi, F., Zahrai, M. The Effect of Different Stabilizers on Stability of Horseradish Peroxidase- Bovine Serum Albumin-Aflatoxin B1, a Conjugated Tracer for Detection of Aflatoxin B1 in Immunoassay-Based Methods. (ac.ir)
  • This work developed a UHPLC-MS/MS method for the detection and quantitation of aflatoxins in smokeless tobacco products, which was then used to determine aflatoxin B1 concentrations in 32 smokeless tobacco products commercially available in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Bio-Shield Aflatoxin B1 is an ELISA test for the detection of Aflatoxin B1 in grains, nuts, cottonseeds, cereals and other commodities including animal feeds. (prognosis-biotech.com)
  • Bio-Shield Aflatoxin B1 Optimum Performance is an ELISA test for the quantitative detection of Aflatoxin B1 in grains, cereals, spices, oil and animal feeds. (prognosis-biotech.com)
  • Bio-Shield Aflatoxin B1 Optimum Performance is an ELISA test for the quantitative detection of Aflatoxin B1 in grains, cereals, spices, oil and animal feeds and baby food ingredients. (prognosis-biotech.com)
  • In order to provide new tools for aflatoxin screening two prototype fast ELISA methods: one for the detection of aflatoxin B 1 and the other for total aflatoxins were developed. (qub.ac.uk)
  • The detection capabilities of aflatoxin B 1 and total aflatoxins ELISAs were 0.4 μg/kg and 0.3 μg/kg for aflatoxin B 1 , respectively, which are one of the lowest reported values. (qub.ac.uk)
  • Total aflatoxins ELISA was also validated for the detection of aflatoxins B 2 , G 1 and G 2 . (qub.ac.uk)
  • Garden, SR & Strachan, NJC 2001, ' Novel colorimetric immunoassay for the detection of aflatoxin B-1 ', Analytica Chimica Acta , vol. 444, pp. 187-191. (elsevier.com)
  • The method of spectroscopic ellipsometry in total internal reflection mode (TIRE) was utilised for detection of Aflatoxin B1. (shu.ac.uk)
  • The method of TIRE with the improved data analysis was capable of detection of aflatoxin molecules in low concentrations (down to 0.04 ng/ml) using a label-free and cost-effective direct immunoassay format. (shu.ac.uk)
  • His research focuses on the analysis of aflatoxin toxification and detection, hepatocellular carcinoma genetics, molecular mechanisms, epidemiology, and tumor susceptibility. (intechopen.com)
Adduct3
  • Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) is oxidized to an epoxide in vivo, which forms an N7-dG DNA adduct (AFB(1)-N7-dG). (rcsb.org)
  • The remarkable efficacy of CDDO-Im as an anticarcinogen is established even in the face of a significant aflatoxin adduct burden. (aacrjournals.org)
  • A fermented milk drink containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota could reduce serum aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct concentrations. (greenmedinfo.com)
Metabolism of aflatoxin3
  • Garner, R.C. Miller, E.C. and Miller, J.A. (1972) Liver microsomal metabolism of aflatoxin B 1 to a reactive derivative toxic to Salmonella Typhimurium TA 1530 Cancer Res. (springer.com)
  • Dutton, "Cellular Interactions and Metabolism of Aflatoxin: An Update", Pharmac. (toxbank.net)
  • Chinese medicinal herbs modulate mutagenesis, DNA binding and metabolism of aflatoxin B1. (heilpflanzen-welt.de)
Hepatocellular carcinoma5
  • Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic aflatoxin and it is highly implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aflatoxin B1 exposure may be a potential etiological agent in hepatocellular carcinoma. (novusbio.com)
  • Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is a known carcinogen associated with early-onset hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is thought to contribute to over half a million new HCCs per year. (elsevier.com)
  • Current Trends in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Aflatoxin B1, Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. (toxbank.net)
  • Epidemiological evidence has been supporting a relationship between dietary aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) exposure, development of human primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. (elsevier.com)
Liver15
  • In animal studies, pathological lesions associated with aflatoxin B1 intoxication include reduction in weight of liver, vacuolation of hepatocytes, and hepatic carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the liver, aflatoxin B1 is metabolized to aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide by the cytochrome P450 enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the present study, the prophylactic and curative effect of black tea (unfermented black tea) and kombucha black tea (KBT) on aflatoxin B 1 induced liver damage was studied in male albino rats by analyzing hepatotoxicity markers (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase), lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase). (springer.com)
  • Caspase-3 and heat shock protein-70 in rat liver treated with aflatoxin B,: Effect of melatonin. (springer.com)
  • Acute and chronic effects of aflatoxin on the liver of Domestic and laboratory animals. (springer.com)
  • Garner, R.C. (1973) Chemical evidence for the forma-tion of a reactive aflatoxin B 1 metabolite, by hamster liver microsomes. (springer.com)
  • Aflatoxin B 1 is the most potent hepatocarcinogenic agent known, although the liver by no means is the only organ susceptible to aflatoxin carcinogenesis. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Aflatoxin B1 induces apoptosis in rat liver: protective effect of melatonin. (nel.edu)
  • Aflatoxin has a marked effect on liver and serum enzyme activities. (lrrd.org)
  • Glutathione (GSH) conjugation of microsome-mediated and synthetic aflatoxin B-1 (AFB-1)-epoxide and styrene oxide has been studied with purified glutathione transferases (GSTs) from mouse and hamster liver cytosols. (eurekamag.com)
  • High expression of the aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 )-8,9-epoxide-conjugating glutathione S -transferase A3 (mGSTA3) subunit in mouse liver confers intrinsic resistance to AFB 1 hepatocarcinogenesis. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Aflatoxin B1 exposure increases the risk for primary liver cancer in north Indian population. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Aflatoxin exposure contributes to the development of primary liver cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • There is evidence that aflatoxin exposure plays a role in the pathogenesis of liver cancer in the US population. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Although it is a potent liver carcinogen similar to aflatoxin B1, current knowledge suggests that it is nowhere near as widespread in its occurrence. (wikipedia.org)
Fungal3
  • Gene expression is coordinated during aflatoxin production and is under the control of a positive regulatory gene belonging to a family of fungal transcriptional activators associated with various metabolic pathways in fungi. (nih.gov)
  • Aflatoxins are a group of fungal toxic metabolites, which are contaminated certain food commodities. (sid.ir)
  • Animals are exposed to aflatoxins by consumption of feeds that are contaminated by aflatoxin producing fungal strains during growth, harvest or storage. (prognosis-biotech.com)
Immunoassay2
  • Diagnostic Automation Inc. offers an Aflatoxin B1 Food ELISA Kit that is an Enzyme Immunoassay for the Quantitative determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Food. (rapidtest.com)
  • Competitive immunoassay-validated hapten-carrier conjugates [BSA-Aflatoxin B1(B1)]with anti-Hapten antibody. (genemedi.net)
Detoxification5
  • Biological detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Bacillus licheniformis CFR1. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Intervention approaches at the individual level use either sorbent materials to prevent aflatoxin absorption in the gastrointestinal tract (enterosorption) or compounds that alter activation or detoxification of AFB 1 (chemoprotection) ( 48 ). (asm.org)
  • Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Antifungal Compounds from Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus paracasei, Isolated from Dairy Products. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Thus, B. licheniformis CFR1 might be an excellent candidate for bioremediation and detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 from both field and food matrices. (cftri.com)
  • Aflatoxin detoxification potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Iranian poultry. (ac.ir)
Carcinogen5
  • Preparation of 8 9-epoxide of aflatoxin B1 the ultimate carcinogen species. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Aflatoxin is listed as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • In experimental animals and humans, aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is a potent hepatic toxin and carcinogen. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Glutathione-S-transferase-catalyzed conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide plays an important role in preventing binding of this ultimate carcinogen to target macromolecules. (semanticscholar.org)
  • It has been suggested that sterigmatocystin is about 1/10 as potent a carcinogen as aflatoxin B1. (wikipedia.org)
Presence of aflatoxin3
  • This means that maize from Croatia and Spain needs to be analysed less frequently, because the risk of the presence of Aflatoxin B1 is virtually non-existent. (allaboutfeed.net)
  • Using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 497 maize, 205 millet and 164 sorghum samples were screened for the presence of aflatoxin B1. (cgiar.org)
  • Accurate and rapid determination of the presence of aflatoxin in commodities is of paramount importance. (prognosis-biotech.com)
Occurrence3
  • This study investigated the occurrence of aflatoxins in maize, millet and sorghum from five counties in Kenya (Kwale, Isiolo, Tharaka-Nithi, Kisii and Bungoma) representing four agro-ecological zones (AEZs). (cgiar.org)
  • Due to the high occurrence of aflatoxins in crops worldwide fast and cost-effective analytical methods are required for the identification of contaminated agricultural commodities before they are processed into final products and placed on the market. (qub.ac.uk)
  • Occurrence of aflatoxin M 1 in cheese samples from Tehran, Iran. (ac.ir)
Maize5
  • GMP+ International adjusted the risk profile for Aflatoxin B1 for maize. (allaboutfeed.net)
  • When uploading this information, please make sure that the origin of the maize is entered correctly and that the levels of Aflatoxin detected are entered with the correct unit (mg/kg). (allaboutfeed.net)
  • Overall, 76% of maize, 64% of millet and 60% of sorghum samples were positive for aflatoxin B1. (cgiar.org)
  • Of these, the proportion of samples with aflatoxin B1 levels above the Kenya Bureau of Standards limit of five parts per billion was 26% for maize, 10% for millet and 11% for sorghum. (cgiar.org)
  • Total aflatoxins ELISA was further applied to analyse naturally contaminated maize porridge and distiller's dried grain with solubles samples and the results were correlated with these obtained by UHPLC-MS/MS method. (qub.ac.uk)
Antibody6
  • There are currently no images for Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (NB600-443B). (novusbio.com)
  • This Aflatoxin B1 antibody is useful for ELISA, Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence and Western blot. (novusbio.com)
  • Immobilized and free aflatoxin B1 compete for the antibody binding sites. (rapidtest.com)
  • Small volumes of anti-Aflatoxins B1+B2+G1+G2 antibody vial(s) may occasionally become entrapped in the seal of the product vial during shipment and storage. (xlbiotec.com)
  • The antibody recognizes aflatoxin B1 specifically. (immunechem.com)
  • The hapten hapten-carrier conjugates [BSA-Aflatoxin B1(B1)] had been validated with our anti-Hapten antibody[Anti-Aflatoxin B1(B1) mouse monoclonal antibody] via competitive ELISA test. (genemedi.net)
Toxin4
  • Microsomal Monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites Aflatoxin M1 and Q1. (online-medical-dictionary.org)
  • When animals are fed grain or feed contaminated with the toxin, aflatoxin B1 is converted by hydroxylation to aflatoxin M1, which is subsequently secreted in the milk of lactating cows. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is a contaminant of grain and fruit and has one of the highest levels of carcinogenicity of any natural toxin. (mdpi.com)
  • This Aflatoxin B1 Food ELISA Kit is a quick, economical, and sensitive Food Toxin ELISA Kit which is designed to detect Aflatoxin B1 in food. (rapidtest.com)
Metabolite2
  • Aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide is a toxic metabolite of aflatoxin B1. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sterigmatocystin is a toxic metabolite structurally closely related to the aflatoxins, and consists of a xanthone nucleus attached to a bifuran structure. (wikipedia.org)
Analysis of aflatoxin1
  • Development and optimization of a supercritical fluid extraction method for the analysis of aflatoxin b1 in grain dust. (cdc.gov)
Conjugate2
  • Free aflatoxin in sample solutions and the immobilized antigen compete for aflatoxin enzyme conjugate. (krishgen.com)
  • An aflatoxin conjugate is bound on the surface of a microtiter plate. (rapidtest.com)
Rats7
  • Abdel-Wahhab MA and Ahy SE (2003) Antioxidants and radical scavenging properties of vegetable extracts in rats fed aflatoxin contaminated diet. (springer.com)
  • Ip SP, Mak DH, Li PC, Poon MK, and Ko KM (1996) Effect of a lignan enriched extract of Schisandra chinensis on aflatoxin B 1 and cadmium chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. (springer.com)
  • Jodynis-Liebert J, Matlawska I, Bylka W, and Murias M (2006) Protective effect of Aquilegia vulgaris L. on aflatoxin B1 induced hepatic damage in rats. (springer.com)
  • Wogan, G.N., Edwards, G.S. Shank, R.C. (1967) Excretion and Tissue Distribution of Radioactivity from aflatoxin B 1 - 14 C in rats cancer Res. (springer.com)
  • In this study, the modulation of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) uptake in rats by administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was demonstrated. (asm.org)
  • Initial cancer prevention bioassays in aflatoxin-treated rats utilizing the antischistosomal drug oltipraz demonstrated reductions in the incidence of HCC from 20% to 0% when low doses of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) were used ( 5 ) and from 83% to 48% when a higher total dose of AFB 1 and a longer duration of dosing was used ( 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • On the basis of this unparalleled potency of CDDO-Im, we used a subchronic aflatoxin dosing regimen in a lifetime bioassay in F344 rats to assess protective efficacy against hepatocarcinogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
Assays1
  • The naturally occurring aflatoxins are identified in physicochemical assays as intensely blue (aflatoxins B 1 and B 2 ) or blue-green (aflatoxins G 1 and G 2 ) fluorescent compounds under long-wave ultraviolet light. (thefreedictionary.com)
Hepatic3
  • therefore, this study determined the time-course effects of acute aflatoxin exposure on hepatic mitochondrial lipids and oxidative stress. (frontiersin.org)
  • More recently, the synthetic oleanane triterpenoid 1-[2-cyano-3-,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]imidazole (CDDO-Im) has been shown to inhibit aflatoxin-induced tumorigenesis in the rat as evidenced by a significant reduction in hepatic focal burden of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P-positive foci) preneoplastic lesions ( 9 ). (aacrjournals.org)
  • The primary target of aflatoxins is the hepatic system. (toxbank.net)
Potent3
  • Aflatoxins are potent molecules with many biological effects. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is able to bind the potent hepatocarcinogen aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and thus potentially restrict its rapid absorption from the intestine. (asm.org)
  • Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), a potent hepatocarcinogen, enhances ROS formation and causes oxidative DNA damage, which may play a role in its carcinogenicity. (oup.com)
Glutathione3
  • Emerole G.O., Neskovic, N. and Dixon, R.L. (1979) The detoxication of aflatoxin B 1 with glutathione. (springer.com)
  • ATP-dependent transport of aflatoxin B1 and its glutathione conjugates by the product of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) gene. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Kevin D. Raney, David J. Meyer, Brian Ketterer, Thomas M. Harris, and F. Peter Guengerich, "Glutathione Conjugation of Aflatoxin B1 exo- and endo-Epoxides by Rat and Human Glutathione S-Transferases", Chem. (toxbank.net)
Grains5
  • Dietary exposure to high levels of aflatoxin B1 in grains is linked to the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas reported in Africa and China. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • The policy of blending and dilution of grain containing higher levels of aflatoxins with uncontaminated grains for use in animal feed implicitly assumes that the deleterious effects of low levels of the toxins are linearly correlated to concentration. (mdpi.com)
  • A. flavus , main producer of aflatoxins, is common and widespread in nature and is most often found when certain grains are grown under stressful conditions such as drought (4). (ac.ir)
  • Aflatoxins can be present in grains, nuts, cottonseed and other commodities associated with human food or animal feed. (prognosis-biotech.com)
  • During field tests in the Mississippi Delta from 2001 to 2004, inoculation of grains with K49 dramatically reduced aflatoxin levels in corn (see "Protecting Corn From Aflatoxin ," Agricultural Research, September 2010, pp. (thefreedictionary.com)
Determination5
  • A reliable and rapid method has been developed for the determination of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) in four kinds of feedstuffs comprising broken rice, peanuts, corn, and fishmeal. (hindawi.com)
  • Ardic M, Karakaya Y, Atasever M, Durmaz H. Determination of aflatoxin B(1) levels in deep-red ground pepper (isot) using immunoaffinity column combined with ELISA. (ac.ir)
  • Pournourmohammadi Sh, Ansari M, Nezakati Alfata L, Kazemipour M, Hasibi M. Determination of Aflatoxin M 1 in Pasteurized Milk Consumed in Kerman Province. (ac.ir)
  • Mo'ricz AM, Fatér Z, Otta KH, Tyiha'k E. Overpressured layer chromatographic determination of aflatoxin B 1 , B 2 , G 1 and G 2 in red paprika. (ac.ir)
  • It appears to occur much less frequently than the aflatoxins, although analytical methods for its determination have not been as sensitive until recently, and so it is possible that small concentrations in food commodities may not always have been detected. (wikipedia.org)
Assay4
  • Ursolic acid inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenicity in a Salmonella assay system. (biomedsearch.com)
  • An attempt was made to isolate the active component of Eriobotrya japonica, which inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenicity in the Salmonella assay system. (biomedsearch.com)
  • The Aflatoxin B1 Food ELISA Kit is a quantitative test based on the principle of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. (rapidtest.com)
  • Tavakoli HR, Kamkar A, Riazipour M, Mozaffari Nejad S, Rafati Shaldehi H. Assessment of Aflatoxin M 1 Levels by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay in Yoghurt Consumed in Tehran, Iran. (ac.ir)
Dietary2
  • According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the worldwide maximum tolerated levels of aflatoxin B1 was reported to be in the range of 1-20 μg/kg in food, and 5-50 μg/kg in dietary cattle feed in 2003. (wikipedia.org)
  • In West Africa, dietary aflatoxin exposure is frequent and occurs at high levels ( 12 , 13 , 38 - 42 ) and has been associated with growth faltering ( 12 , 13 , 39 ) and immune suppression ( 39 ) in exposed children. (asm.org)
Oxidative stress1
  • The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of sodium selenite on aflatoxin B 1 -induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in spleen of broilers. (mdpi.com)
Adverse effects of aflatoxin1
  • Considering the multiple adverse effects of aflatoxin exposure, the reduction of intestinal uptake and transport to the body are of major interest to reduce or prevent toxic events. (asm.org)
Parasiticus2
  • Since A. flavus and A. parasiticus are nearly ubiquitous in the natural environment, numerous other grain, legume, nut, and spice crops, as well as coffee and cocoa, have been reported to contain aflatoxins. (thefreedictionary.com)
  • L. brevis exhibited the highest reduction of aflatoxin B1 production by A. flavus and A. parasiticus, 96.31 and 90.43%, respectively. (greenmedinfo.com)
Conjugation1
  • The method is implemented as follows: aflatoxin B1, prepared by conjugation with a carrier protein and the creation of an emulsion through the addition of conjugation. (all.biz)
Fungi2
  • Most of the genes involved in the biosynthesis of aflatoxin are contained within a single cluster in the genome of these filamentous fungi. (nih.gov)
  • Aflatoxin-producing fungi contaminate food and feed during pre-harvest, storage and processing periods. (mdpi.com)
Compounds2
  • The antifungal compounds produced by L. brevis and L. paracasei were active in a wide range of pH, heat stable and inactivated by proteolytic enzymes (protease K and trypsin A). The expression of Omt-A gene that involved in the later step of aflatoxin production was evaluated by real-time PCR. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Background & Aims: Aflatoxins are a group of toxic compounds found in most plant products such as pistachio, corn, spices, wheat, and rice. (ac.ir)
Lactic Acid Bac1
  • 250 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from either dairy products or healthy human microbiota revealed that the efficacy of aflatoxin binding was highly variable depending on the genus and strain of bacteria. (asm.org)
Acute2
  • Both chronical and acute intoxications are effected by aflatoxins. (rapidtest.com)
  • Acute aflatoxin exposure can cause death and disease (aflatoxicosis) in humans. (cdc.gov)
Reduction of aflatoxin1
  • It may also function as a detoxication enzyme in the reduction of aflatoxin B1 and 2-carboxybenzaldehyde. (nih.gov)
Mutagenic1
  • citation needed] In animals, aflatoxin B1 has also been shown to be mutagenic, teratogenic, and to cause immunosuppression. (wikipedia.org)
Zearalenone1
  • Mycoflora and incidence of aflatoxin B1 , zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in poultry feeds in Argentina. (thefreedictionary.com)
20161
  • 2016. "Bioactivation and Regioselectivity of Pig Cytochrome P450 3A29 towards Aflatoxin B 1 . (mdpi.com)
Carcinogens1
  • Given the potential of aflatoxins as human carcinogens and their known activity as toxins in animal feeds, many international regulatory agencies monitor aflatoxin levels in susceptible crops. (thefreedictionary.com)
Poultry1
  • In poultry production, aflatoxicosis as the poisoning that results from ingesting aflatoxins has a significant impact on health by increasing the mortality rate, reducing the absorption of nutrients, feed intake and growth rate, impairing the immune function and decreasing performance. (lrrd.org)
Cereals1
  • 4] Kaaya A.N., Management of aflatoxins in cereals, legumes and tubers, In: AT Uganda Ltd., Final technical report CPP R8435 (ZA0653) and R8442 (ZA0666) appendix 12, 2009. (degruyter.com)
Crops2
ELISA Test Kit1
  • Diagnostic Automation Inc. offers several popular Food ELISA Test Kits: Chloramphenicol ELISA Kit, Fumonisin ELISA Kit, Streptomycin ELISA Kit, Aflatoxin M1 ELISA Kit, Penicillin ELISA Kit, Histamine ELISA Kit, and Verotoxin Antigen in Food ELISA Test Kit. (rapidtest.com)
Mutagenicity of aflatoxin1
  • Buch, JK , Buch, S & Dave, PJ 1982, ' Microsome-mediated mutagenicity of aflatoxin B 1 in Bacillus megaterium SJ-6 his - ', FEMS Microbiology Letters , vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 349-352. (elsevier.com)
Contaminated food2
  • Aflatoxin B1 is mostly found in contaminated food and humans are exposed to aflatoxin B1 almost entirely through their diet. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aflatoxin-contaminated food is a public health concern. (cgiar.org)
Monoclonal1
  • The monoclonal antibodies were characterized and two antibodies showing IC 50 of 0.037 ng/mL and 0.031 ng/mL for aflatoxin B 1 were applied in simple and fast direct competitive ELISA tests. (qub.ac.uk)
Concentration of aflatoxin2
  • The concentration of aflatoxin in positive samples ranged from trace to 366 ppb (366 μg/kg). (nepjol.info)
  • Results: Aflatoxin B1 was found in all samples, and the concentration of aflatoxin ranged from 63.16 to 626.81 ng/kg. (ac.ir)
Amount of aflatoxins2
  • At 3 days and 3 weeks, no significant differences between exposure groups were seen in any tissue except fat, where the amount of aflatoxins was greater for the dust-adsorbed group. (usu.edu)
  • Most controlling government agencies worldwide have regulations regarding the amount of aflatoxins allowable in human and animal foodstuffs. (prognosis-biotech.com)
2020 Archives - Page 32 of 66 - Nova Science Publishers
2020 Archives - Page 32 of 66 - Nova Science Publishers (novapublishers.com)
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Collection and Management of Human Samples (cdc.gov)
Xi-Dai Long | IntechOpen
Xi-Dai Long | IntechOpen (intechopen.com)
A novel genotoxin-specific qPCR array based on the metabolically competent human HepaRG™ cell line as a rapid and reliable tool...
A novel genotoxin-specific qPCR array based on the metabolically competent human HepaRG™ cell line as a rapid and reliable tool... (link.springer.com)
Aflatoxin - Wikipedia
Aflatoxin - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
AllAboutFeed - GMP+ update of ingredient risk assessment database
AllAboutFeed - GMP+ update of ingredient risk assessment database (allaboutfeed.net)
Phloretin | GreenMedInfo | Substance | Natural Medicine | Alternative
Phloretin | GreenMedInfo | Substance | Natural Medicine | Alternative (greenmedinfo.com)
Liver Damage: Aflatoxin-Induced | GreenMedInfo | Category | Natural
Liver Damage: Aflatoxin-Induced | GreenMedInfo | Category | Natural (greenmedinfo.com)
Association between aflatoxin B1 occupational airway exposure and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study |...
Association between aflatoxin B1 occupational airway exposure and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study |... (link.springer.com)
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Toxins | Free Full-Text | Novel Aflatoxin-Degrading Enzyme from Bacillus shackletonii L7 (mdpi.com)
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AllAboutFeed - Preserving margins by optimising feed (allaboutfeed.net)
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AllAboutFeed - Manure fertilizer contributes to resistant bacteria (allaboutfeed.net)
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AllAboutFeed - ExtruAfrica shows potential of extrusion in feed production (allaboutfeed.net)
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AllAboutFeed - Organic acids: Chemically defined (allaboutfeed.net)
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AllAboutFeed - Hamlet Protein achieves GMP+ B2 certification (allaboutfeed.net)
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AllAboutFeed - How animal protein can effectively feed millions (allaboutfeed.net)
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AllAboutFeed - Jean Arai Gemme opens huge feed plant in Kazakhstan (allaboutfeed.net)
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AllAboutFeed - Study: Nutritional value of canola oil co-products when fed to pigs (allaboutfeed.net)
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AllAboutFeed - Natural dairy product launched in Europe (allaboutfeed.net)
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AllAboutFeed - A closer look at feed structure (allaboutfeed.net)
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AllAboutFeed - Betaine applications in animal nutrition (allaboutfeed.net)
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AllAboutFeed - Fermented soybeans could be substitute for animal protein (allaboutfeed.net)
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Pulawy (degruyter.com)
Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Polyphenols and DNA Damage: A Mixed Blessing | HTML
Nutrients | Free Full-Text | Polyphenols and DNA Damage: A Mixed Blessing | HTML (mdpi.com)
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AllAboutFeed - Lower Aflatoxin B1 risk for Croatia and Spain (allaboutfeed.net)
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AllAboutFeed - Product: Mycospin -clean-up prior to mycotoxin analysis (allaboutfeed.net)
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AllAboutFeed - 'Healthy animal feed is the foundation for sustainable livestock' (allaboutfeed.net)
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Black Tea | GreenMedInfo | Substance | Natural Medicine | Alternative (greenmedinfo.com)
Ingredients Wet & Dry - Midwest Labs
Ingredients Wet & Dry - Midwest Labs (midwestlabs.com)
Excretion of Aflatoxin B1 as a glutathione conjugate | Springer for Research & Development
Excretion of Aflatoxin B1 as a glutathione conjugate | Springer for Research & Development (rd.springer.com)