AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
Aflatoxin B1AflatoxinsAflatoxin M1Aspergillus flavusAspergillusSterigmatocystinEthoxyquinPoisonsFood ContaminationCarcinogensBiotransformationMutagensAnthraquinonesDichlorvosLiver Neoplasms, ExperimentalLiverArachis hypogaeaMycotoxinsDNA AdductsRats, Inbred F344MycotoxicosisCondimentsMutagenicity TestsLiver NeoplasmsOchratoxinsMicrosomes, LiverZearalenoneAldehyde ReductaseGlutathione TransferaseAntimutagenic AgentsCytochrome P-450 Enzyme SystemBenzoflavonesChromatography, Thin LayerCarcinoma, HepatocellularDNACitrininMetabolic Detoxication, DrugMethylcholanthreneGuanineFood Microbiologygamma-GlutamyltransferaseButylated HydroxyanisoleTroutZea maysChromatography, High Pressure LiquidOrotic Acid
Aflatoxin B1
A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.
Aflatoxins
Furano-furano-benzopyrans that are produced by ASPERGILLUS from STERIGMATOCYSTIN. They are structurally related to COUMARINS and easily oxidized to an epoxide form to become ALKYLATING AGENTS. Members of the group include AFLATOXIN B1; aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2; AFLATOXIN M1; and aflatoxin M2.
Aflatoxin M1
A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).
Aspergillus flavus
A species of imperfect fungi which grows on peanuts and other plants and produces the carcinogenic substance aflatoxin. It is also used in the production of the antibiotic flavicin.
Aspergillus
A genus of mitosporic fungi containing about 100 species and eleven different teleomorphs in the family Trichocomaceae.
Sterigmatocystin
A carcinogenic mycotoxin produced in high yields by strains of the common molds, Aspergillus versicolor, A. nidulans, and an unidentified species of Bipolaris. It causes necrosis of the liver and kidney and has an inhibitory effect on orotic acid incorporation into nuclear RNA.
Ethoxyquin
Antioxidant; also a post-harvest dip to prevent scald on apples and pears.
Poisons
Substances which, when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed, or when applied to, injected into, or developed within the body in relatively small amounts may, by their chemical action, cause damage to structure or disturbance of function. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Food Contamination
The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.
Carcinogens
Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Mutagens
Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.
Anthraquinones
Compounds based on ANTHRACENES which contain two KETONES in any position. Substitutions can be in any position except on the ketone groups.
Dichlorvos
An organophosphorus insecticide that inhibits ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE.
Liver Neoplasms, Experimental
Experimentally induced tumors of the LIVER.
Liver
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
Arachis hypogaea
A plant species of the family FABACEAE that yields edible seeds, the familiar peanuts, which contain protein, oil and lectins.
Mycotoxins
Toxic compounds produced by FUNGI.
DNA Adducts
The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA.
Rats, Inbred F344
Mycotoxicosis
Poisoning caused by the ingestion of mycotoxins (toxins of fungal origin).
Condiments
Aromatic substances added to food before or after cooking to enhance its flavor. These are usually of vegetable origin.
Mutagenicity Tests
Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential. They include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests.
Liver Neoplasms
Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.
Ochratoxins
Isocoumarins found in ASPERGILLUS OCHRACEUS and other FUNGI. Ochratoxin contaminated FOOD has been responsible for cases of FOODBORNE DISEASES.
Microsomes, Liver
Closed vesicles of fragmented endoplasmic reticulum created when liver cells or tissue are disrupted by homogenization. They may be smooth or rough.
Zearalenone
(S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.
Aldehyde Reductase
An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the oxidation of an aldose to an alditol. It possesses broad specificity for many aldoses. EC 1.1.1.21.
Glutathione Transferase
A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite.
Antimutagenic Agents
Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced mutations independently of the mechanism involved.
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Benzoflavones
Organic compounds containing a BENZENE ring attached to a flavone group. Some of these are potent arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitors. They may also inhibit the binding of NUCLEIC ACIDS to BENZOPYRENES and related compounds. The designation includes all isomers; the 7,8-isomer is most frequently encountered.
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Chromatography on thin layers of adsorbents rather than in columns. The adsorbent can be alumina, silica gel, silicates, charcoals, or cellulose. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Citrinin
Antibiotic and mycotoxin from Aspergillus niveus and Penicillium citrinum.
Metabolic Detoxication, Drug
Reduction of pharmacologic activity or toxicity of a drug or other foreign substance by a living system, usually by enzymatic action. It includes those metabolic transformations that make the substance more soluble for faster renal excretion.
Methylcholanthrene
A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.
Guanine
Food Microbiology
The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.
gamma-Glutamyltransferase
An enzyme, sometimes called GGT, with a key role in the synthesis and degradation of GLUTATHIONE; (GSH, a tripeptide that protects cells from many toxins). It catalyzes the transfer of the gamma-glutamyl moiety to an acceptor amino acid.
Butylated Hydroxyanisole
Mixture of 2- and 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenols that is used as an antioxidant in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
Trout
Various fish of the family SALMONIDAE, usually smaller than salmon. They are mostly restricted to cool clear freshwater. Some are anadromous. They are highly regarded for their handsome colors, rich well-flavored flesh, and gameness as an angling fish. The genera Salvelinus, Salmo, and ONCORHYNCHUS have been introduced virtually throughout the world.
Zea mays
A plant species of the family POACEAE. It is a tall grass grown for its EDIBLE GRAIN, corn, used as food and animal FODDER.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.
Orotic Acid

Protective alterations in phase 1 and 2 metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by oltipraz in residents of Qidong, People's Republic of China. (1/513)

BACKGROUND: Residents of Qidong, People's Republic of China, are at high risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma, in part due to consumption of foods contaminated with aflatoxins, which require metabolic activation to become carcinogenic. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase IIa chemoprevention trial, we tested oltipraz, an antischistosomal drug that has been shown to be a potent and effective inhibitor of aflatoxin-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in animal models. METHODS: In 1995, 234 adults from Qidong were enrolled. Healthy eligible individuals were randomly assigned to receive by mouth 125 mg oltipraz daily, 500 mg oltipraz weekly, or a placebo. Sequential immunoaffinity chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or to fluorescence detection were used to identify and quantify phase 1 and phase 2 metabolites of aflatoxin B1 in the urine of study participants. Reported P values are two-sided. RESULTS: One month of weekly administration of 500 mg oltipraz led to a 51% decrease in median levels of the phase 1 metabolite aflatoxin M1 excreted in urine compared with administration of a placebo (P = .030), but it had no effect on levels of a phase 2 metabolite, aflatoxin-mercapturic acid (P = .871). By contrast, daily intervention with 125 mg oltipraz led to a 2.6-fold increase in median aflatoxin-mercapturic acid excretion (P = .017) but had no effect on excreted aflatoxin M1 levels (P = .682). CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent, high-dose oltipraz inhibited phase 1 activation of aflatoxins, and sustained low-dose oltipraz increased phase 2 conjugation of aflatoxin, yielding higher levels of aflatoxin-mercapturic acid. While both mechanisms can contribute to protection, this study highlights the feasibility of inducing phase 2 enzymes as a chemopreventive strategy in humans.  (+info)

Determinants of specificity for aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide in alpha-class glutathione S-transferases. (2/513)

We have used homology modelling, based on the crystal structure of the human glutathione S-transferase (GST) A1-1, to obtain the three-dimensional structures of rat GSTA3 and rat GSTA5 subunits bound to S-aflatoxinyl-glutathione. The resulting models highlight two residues, at positions 208 and 108, that could be important for determining, either directly or indirectly, substrate specificity for aflatoxin-exo-8,9-epoxide among the Alpha-class GSTs. Residues at these positions were mutated in human GSTA1-1 (Met-208, Leu-108), rat GSTA3-3 (Glu-208, His-108) and rat GSTA5-5 (Asp-208, Tyr-108): in the active rat GSTA5-5 to those in the inactive GSTA1-1; and in the inactive human GSTA1-1 and rat GSTA3-3 to those in the active rat GSTA5-5. These studies show clearly that, in all three GSTs, an aspartate residue at position 208 is a prerequisite for high activity in aflatoxin-exo-8,9-epoxide conjugation, although this alone is not sufficient; other residues in the vicinity, particularly residues 103-112, are important, perhaps for the optimal orientation of the aflatoxin-exo-8,9-epoxide in the active site for catalysis to occur.  (+info)

Regional differences in production of aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid by soil isolates of aspergillus flavus along a transect within the United States. (3/513)

Soil isolates of Aspergillus flavus from a transect extending from eastern New Mexico through Georgia to eastern Virginia were examined for production of aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid in a liquid medium. Peanut fields from major peanut-growing regions (western Texas; central Texas; Georgia and Alabama; and Virginia and North Carolina) were sampled, and fields with other crops were sampled in regions where peanuts are not commonly grown. The A. flavus isolates were identified as members of either the L strain (n = 774), which produces sclerotia that are >400 micrometer in diameter, or the S strain (n = 309), which produces numerous small sclerotia that are <400 micrometer in diameter. The S-strain isolates generally produced high levels of aflatoxin B1, whereas the L-strain isolates were more variable in aflatoxin production; variation in cyclopiazonic acid production also was greater in the L strain than in the S strain. There was a positive correlation between aflatoxin B1 production and cyclopiazonic acid production in both strains, although 12% of the L-strain isolates produced only cyclopiazonic acid. Significant differences in production of aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid by the L-strain isolates were detected among regions. In the western half of Texas and the peanut-growing region of Georgia and Alabama, 62 to 94% of the isolates produced >10 microgram of aflatoxin B1 per ml. The percentages of isolates producing >10 microgram of aflatoxin B1 per ml ranged from 0 to 52% in the remaining regions of the transect; other isolates were often nonaflatoxigenic. A total of 53 of the 126 L-strain isolates that did not produce aflatoxin B1 or cyclopiazonic acid were placed in 17 vegetative compatibility groups. Several of these groups contained isolates from widely separated regions of the transect.  (+info)

Potency of dietary indole-3-carbinol as a promoter of aflatoxin B1-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis: results from a 9000 animal tumor study. (4/513)

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a metabolite of glucobrassicin found in cruciferous vegetables, is documented as acting as a modulator of carcinogenesis and, depending on timing and dose of administration, it may promote hepatocarcinogenesis in some animal models. In this study we demonstrate that, when given post-initiation, dietary I3C promotes aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the rainbow trout model at levels as low as 500 p.p.m. Trout embryos (approximately 9000) were initiated with 0, 25, 50, 100, 175 or 250 p.p.b. AFB1 by a 30 min immersion. Experimental diets containing 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 or 1250 p.p.m. I3C were administered starting at 3 months and fish were sampled for liver tumors at 11-13 months. Promotion at the level of tumor incidence was statistically significant for all dietary levels, except 250 p.p.m. Relative potency for promotion markedly increased at dietary levels >750 p.p.m. We propose that more than one mechanism could be involved in promotion and that both estrogenic and Ah receptor-mediated pathways could be active. The estrogenicity of I3C, measured as its ability to induce vitellogenin (an estrogen biomarker in oviparous vertebrates) was evident at the lowest dietary level (250 p.p.m.), whereas CYPIA (a P450 isozyme induced through the Ah receptor pathway) was not induced until dietary levels of 1000 p.p.m. Therefore, at lower dietary levels, promotion by I3C in this model could be explained by estrogenic activities of I3C acid derivatives, as it is known that estrogens promote hepatocarcinogenesis in trout. Much stronger promotion was observed at high dietary I3C levels (1000 and 1250 p.p.m.), at which levels both CYP1A and vitellogenin were induced.  (+info)

Downregulation of DNA excision repair by the hepatitis B virus-x protein occurs in p53-proficient and p53-deficient cells. (5/513)

Synergism between exposure to chemical carcinogens and infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been implicated in the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study we report that the HBV protein HBx, inhibits cellular DNA repair capacity in a p53-independent manner. Two alternative assays were used: the host cell reactivation assay, which measures the cell's capacity to repair DNA damage in a reporter plasmid, and unscheduled DNA synthesis, which measures the overall DNA repair capacity in damaged cells. Two p53-proficient cell lines, the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 and liver epithelial cell line CCL13, were co-transfected with the pCMV-HBx reporter plasmid and the pCMV-CAT plasmid damaged with UVC radiation. Compared with cells transfected with control plasmid, the presence of HBx resulted in approximately 50% inhibition of the cell's capacity to reactivate CAT activity of UVC-damaged plasmid, and approximately 25% inhibition of unscheduled DNA synthesis in cells treated with either aflatoxin B1 epoxide or UVC radiation. Using the p53-deficient cell line Saos-2, we demonstrated that expression of HBx also resulted in diminished overall cellular DNA repair of damage induced by both aflatoxin B1 epoxide and UVC radiation, using both the host cell reactivation and unscheduled DNA synthesis assays. In summary, this study provides evidence for p53-independent regulation of DNA repair by HBx.  (+info)

Divergence of West African and North American communities of Aspergillus section Flavi. (6/513)

West African Aspergillus flavus S isolates differed from North American isolates. Both produced aflatoxin B1. However, 40 and 100% of West African isolates also produced aflatoxin G1 in NH4 medium and urea medium, respectively. No North American S strain isolate produced aflatoxin G1. This geographical and physiological divergence may influence aflatoxin management.  (+info)

Expression of stably transfected murine glutathione S-transferase A3-3 protects against nucleic acid alkylation and cytotoxicity by aflatoxin B1 in hamster V79 cells expressing rat cytochrome P450-2B1. (7/513)

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is activated to AFB1-8,9-oxide (AFBO), a potent mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolite of AFB1. In the mouse, AFBO has been shown to be most efficiently detoxified by a specific isozyme of alpha-class glutathione S-transferase (GST), mGSTA3-3 (mGST-Yc). A hamster V79 cell line (V79MZr2B1, originally designated V79/SD1) previously transfected with the rat cytochrome P450-2B1 was stably transfected with an mGSTA3-3 expression vector, to study the chemopreventive role of GST in protecting against cytotoxicity or genotoxicity of AFBO. Immunoblotting demonstrated strong expression of an alpha-class GST in the mGSTA3-3 transfected cell line, whereas no detectable alpha-class GST protein was observed in the control (empty vector-transfected) cells. Previous studies with the V79MZr2B1 cell line indicated that it can activate AFB1 to a mutagenic metabolite via a transfected rat P450-2B1 stably expressed in the cells. We examined the ability of the expressed mGSTA3-3 to protect against AFB1-induced cytotoxicity or [3H]-covalent adduct formation in cellular nucleic acids. Exposure of empty vector-transfected control cells and mGSTA3-3 expressing cells to up to 600 nM [3H]-AFB1 indicated that a 70-80% reduction in DNA and RNA adducts was afforded by the expression of mGSTA3-3 in the transfected cells. Clonogenic survival assays showed that the mGSTA3-3 cell line was 4.6-fold resistant to AFB1 cytotoxicity as compared with the empty vector-transfected control SD1 cells, with IC50 values of 69 and 15 microM, respectively. The results of these studies demonstrate that mGSTA3-3 confers substantial protection against nucleic acid covalent modification and cytotoxicity by AFB1 in this transgenic cell model system.  (+info)

XRCC1 polymorphisms: effects on aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts and glycophorin A variant frequency. (8/513)

Hereditary genetic defects in DNA repair lead to increased risk of cancer. Polymorphisms in several DNA repair genes have been identified; however, the impact on repair phenotype has not been elucidated. We explored the relationship between polymorphisms in the DNA repair enzyme, XRCC1 (codons 194, 280, and 399), and genotoxic end points measured in two populations: (a) placental aflatoxin B1 DNA (AFB1-DNA) adducts in a group of Taiwanese maternity subjects (n = 120); and (b) somatic glycophorin A (GPA) variants in erythrocytes from a group of North Carolina smokers and nonsmokers (n = 59). AFB1-DNA adducts were measured by ELISA, and erythrocyte GPA variant frequency (NN and NO) was assessed in MN heterozygotes with a flow cytometric assay. XRCC1 genotypes were identified by PCR-RFLPs. The XRCC1 399Gln allele was significantly associated with higher levels of both AFB1-DNA adducts and GPA NN mutations. Individuals with the 399Gln allele were at risk for detectable adducts (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.4; P = 0.03). GPA NN variant frequency was significantly higher in 399Gln homozygotes (19.6 x 10(-6)) than in Gln/Arg heterozygotes (11.4 x 10(-6); P < 0.05) or Arg/Arg homozygotes (10.1 x 10(-6); P = 0.01). No significant effects were observed for other XRCC1 polymorphisms. These results suggest that the Arg399Gln amino acid change may alter the phenotype of the XRCC1 protein, resulting in deficient DNA repair.  (+info)

aflatoxin b1 afb1 aflatoxin b1 afb1 mouse monoclonal antibody Gentaur Molecular Products
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https://clonagen.com/product_description.php?product_name=aflatoxin-b1-afb1-mouse-monoclonal-antibody&id=5152481
Early Detection of the Aflatoxin B₁ Mutational Fingerprint: A Diagnostic Tool for Liver CancerEarly Detection of the Aflatoxin B₁ Mutational Fingerprint: A Diagnostic Tool for Liver Cancer
Using duplex-consensus sequencing technology, we recently identified the characteristic high-resolution mutational spectrum of the liver carcinogen aflatoxin B₁ in a mouse model, many months before aflatoxin-induced tumors are detectable. The diagnostic power of this spectrum is then demonstrated by accurately identifying, among the sequenced human liver tumors, the subset of cancers associated with aflatoxin B₁ exposure. Keywords: Duplex sequencing; HCC; hepatocellular carcinoma; mutagenesis; mutational signature; ...
https://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/117661
Detection of Aflatoxin B1 with a Label-Free Ellipsometry Immunosensor - Sheffield Hallam University Research ArchiveDetection of Aflatoxin B1 with a Label-Free Ellipsometry Immunosensor - Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive
The method of spectroscopic ellipsometry in total internal reflection mode (TIRE) was utilised for detection of Aflatoxin B1. The method of TIRE with the improved data analysis was capable of detection of aflatoxin molecules in low concentrations (down to 0.04 ng/ml) using a label-free and cost-effective direct immunoassay format. TIRE study of the binding kinetics yielded a large value of the association constant in the range of 106 l mol−1 which is typical for highly specific immune reactions. The comparison of the experimental data for three mycotoxins studied (e.g. aflatoxin B1, T-2 mycotoxin, and zearalenone) confirmed a common mechanism of the sensitivity boost due to the aggregation of hydrophobic molecules of mycotoxins in aqueous solutions.. ...
http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3973/
Glutathione-S-transferase A3 knockout mice are sensitive to acute cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aflatoxin B1<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Glutathione-S-transferase A3 knockout mice are sensitive to acute cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aflatoxin B1. AU - Ilic, Zoran. AU - Crawford, Dana. AU - Egner, Patricia A.. AU - Sell, Stewart. N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by NIH R01 CA112481 and R01 ES09495 grants. Patricia A. Egners work is supported by grant NIH PO1 ES006052 . PY - 2010/2/1. Y1 - 2010/2/1. N2 - Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a major risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. However, mice, a major animal model for the study of AFB1 carcinogenesis, are resistant, due to high constitutive expression, in the mouse liver, of glutathione S-transferase A3 subunit (mGSTA3) that is lacking in humans. Our objective was to establish that a mouse model for AFB1 toxicity could be used to study mechanisms of toxicity that are relevant for human disease, i.e., an mGSTA3 knockout (KO) mouse that responds to toxicants such as AFB1 in a manner similar to humans. Exons 3-6 of the mGSTA3 were ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/glutathione-s-transferase-a3-knockout-mice-are-sensitive-to-acute-4
In vivo activation of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in C57BL/6N mice carrying a human fetus-specific...
TY - JOUR. T1 - In vivo activation of aflatoxin B1 in C57BL/6N mice carrying a human fetus-specific CYP3A7 gene. AU - Li, Yong. AU - Yokoi, Tsuyoshi. AU - Katsuki, Motoya. AU - Wang, Jia Sheng. AU - Groopman, John D.. AU - Kamataki, Tetsuya. PY - 1997. Y1 - 1997. N2 - The in vivo activation of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was assessed by using two transgenic mouse lines, M2 and M10, in which the human fetus-specific CYP3A7 was expressed in the kidney (M2) and the liver (M10), respectively. Male mice of 8 weeks old from these two lines were treated with a single i.p. injection of AFB1 (4 mg/kg body weight). AFB1-N7-guanine adduct was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. DNA damage was measured using the alkaline elution technique 2 and 6 h after AFB1 treatment. Administration of AFB1 resulted in a significantly higher level of AFB1- N7-guanine in the livers of M10 transgenic mice compared with their nontransgenic littermates (16.5 ± 4.2 versus 10.4 ± 1.2 ng/mg DNA, P , 0.01). The level ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/in-vivo-activation-of-aflatoxin-bsub1sub-in-c57bl6n-mice-carrying
Biochemical Basis for the Extreme Sensitivity of Turkeys to Aflatoxin by Patrick J. Klein, Jack N. Kelly et al.Biochemical Basis for the Extreme Sensitivity of Turkeys to Aflatoxin by Patrick J. Klein, Jack N. Kelly et al.
Poultry are the most susceptible food animal species to the toxic effects of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Feed contaminated with even small amounts of AFB1 results in significant adverse health effects in poultry. The purpose of this study was to explain the biochemical mechanism(s) for this extreme sensitivity. We measured microsomal activation of AFB1 to the AFB1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO), the putative toxic intermediate, as well as cytosolic glutathione S-transferase (GST)-mediated detoxification of AFBO, in addition to other hepatic phase I and phase II enzyme activities, in 3-week-old male Oorlop strain turkeys. Liver microsomes prepared from these turkeys activated AFB1in vitro with an apparent Km of 109 μM and a Vmax of 1.25 nmol/mg/min. Preliminary evidence for the involvement of cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A2 and, to a lesser extent, 3A4 for AFB1 activation was assessed by the use of specific mammalian CYP inhibitors. The possible presence of avian orthologues of these CYPs was supported by
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/advs_facpub/22/
Role of pH in the Mutagenicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Tortillas during In Vitro Human Digestion ModelRole of pH in the Mutagenicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Tortillas during In Vitro Human Digestion Model
Role of pH in the Mutagenicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Tortillas during In Vitro Human Digestion Model Aflatoxins (AFs) are potent mutagens, carcinogens and teratogens ..
https://www.scitechnol.com/abstract/role-of-ph-in-the-mutagenicity-of-aflatoxin-b1-in-maize-tortillas-during-in-vitro-humandigestion-model-3287.html
Induction of Changes in Morphology, Reactive Nitrogen/Oxygen Intermediates and Apoptosis of Duck Macrophages by Aflatoxin B<sub...Induction of Changes in Morphology, Reactive Nitrogen/Oxygen Intermediates and Apoptosis of Duck Macrophages by Aflatoxin B<sub...
Induction of Changes in Morphology, Reactive Nitrogen/Oxygen Intermediates and Apoptosis of Duck Macrophages by Aflatoxin B1 - Aflatoxin $B_1$;Apoptosis;Reactive Nitrogen/Oxygen Intermediates;Macrophages;
http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=E1DMBP_2002_v15n11_1639
Effects of aflatoxin B1 on profiles of gonadotropic (FSH and LH), steroid (testosterone and 17β-estradiol) and prolactin...Effects of aflatoxin B1 on profiles of gonadotropic (FSH and LH), steroid (testosterone and 17β-estradiol) and prolactin...
Aflatoxins (AFs) are natural contaminants of feed and feedstuffs, thus the study of the noxious effects ofthese agents on the male reproductive system is of outstanding importance. Our aim for this study is theevaluation of the effects of oral administration of aflatoxin B1 on the reproductive hormonal changes in adult male rat. Twenty eight Wistar strain male rats were selected for this study. The rats were divided into 4groups, viz, control (C), test groups (T1, T2, and T3). The toxin doses were prepared in sterile distilled waterat 0.8 ppm, 1.6 ppm, 3.2 ppm, and administered through oral gavages, 1 ml/animal/day to groups T1, T2, and T3, respectively for 48 days and each animal of group C was gavaged with 1 ml/day sterile distilled water. The hormonal assays were carried out using ELISA biochemical kits for serum FSH, LH, prolactintestosterone and 17β-estradiol. Results showed that, the levels of serum LH and testosterone were lower(P|0.001), but conversely the levels of FSH and prolactin were
http://ijvr.shirazu.ac.ir/article_85.html
Aflatoxin B1 ELISA - Krishgen Biosystems IndiaAflatoxin B1 ELISA - Krishgen Biosystems India
Aflatoxin belong to the strongest natural occurring carcinogenic substances, found in corn, peanuts, cotton seed, human blood & animal feed. (Aflatoxin B1)
http://www.krishgen.com/product/aflatoxin-b1-elisa/?add_to_wishlist=1253
Aflatoxin B1 ELISA - Krishgen Biosystems IndiaAflatoxin B1 ELISA - Krishgen Biosystems India
Aflatoxin belong to the strongest natural occurring carcinogenic substances, found in corn, peanuts, cotton seed, human blood & animal feed. (Aflatoxin B1)
http://www.krishgen.com/product/aflatoxin-b1-elisa/?add-to-cart=1221
AFB1 (Aflatoxin B1) Antibody, HRP, Rabbit-PTM proteomics; Cell-Molecular Biology; Small Molecules; Research ToolsAFB1 (Aflatoxin B1) Antibody, HRP, Rabbit-PTM proteomics; Cell-Molecular Biology; Small Molecules; Research Tools
The immunogen is Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-BSA conjugates. The antibody was affinity purified with an AFB1-Agarose column and competitively eluted by free AFB1. The antibody was conjugated to peroxidase (HRP) by reductive amination. This anti-AFB1 HRP conjugates could be utilized for detection and quantization of the food-borne mycotoxin AFB1. ...
http://www.immunechem.com/?app=product&act=look&type_id=16&id=241
Genetics of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) metabolism in various inbred strains o by H L. Gurtoo, R Dahms et al.Genetics of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) metabolism in various inbred strains o by H L. Gurtoo, R Dahms et al.
Gurtoo, H L.; Dahms, R; Motycka, L; and Taylor, B, Genetics of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) metabolism in various inbred strains of mice, offsprings of selected matings and in recombinant inbred sublines. Abstr. (1977). Subject Strain Bibliography 1977. 2582 ...
https://mouseion.jax.org/ssbb1977/2582/
Investigation on the Protective Effect of ?-Mannan against the DNA Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1 in Mouse HepatocytesInvestigation on the Protective Effect of ?-Mannan against the DNA Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1 in Mouse Hepatocytes
Aflatoxin B1 is a contaminant of agricultural and dairy products that can berelated to mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. In this report we explore the capacity of ?-mannan (Man) to reduce the DNA damage induced by AFB1 in mouse hepatocytes. Forthis purpose we applied the comet assay to groups of animals which were firstadministered Man (100, 400 and 700 mg/kg, respectively) and 20 min later 1.0 mg/kg ofAFB1. Liver cells were obtained at 4, 10, and 16 h after the chemical administration andexamined. The results showed no protection of the damage induced by AFB1 with thelow dose of the polysaccharide, but they did reveal antigenotoxic activity exerted by thetwo high doses. In addition, we induced a co-crystallization between both compounds,determined their fusion points and analyzed the molecules by UV spectroscopy. Theobtained data suggested the formation of a supramolecular complex between AFB1and Man ...
https://repository.uaeh.edu.mx/bitstream/handle/123456789/11932
Aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 2 from Human, Recombinant(EC 1.1.1.n11) - Creative EnzymesAflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 2 from Human, Recombinant(EC 1.1.1.n11) - Creative Enzymes
Aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 2 catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of succinic semialdehyde to gamma-hydroxybutyrate. May have an important role in producin
https://www.creative-enzymes.com/product/Aflatoxin-B1-Aldehyde-Reductase-Member-2-From-Human-Recombinant_3383.html
Evidence for involvement of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in aflatoxin B|sub|1|/sub| metabolism in human liver -...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Evidence for involvement of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in aflatoxin B,sub,1,/sub, metabolism in human liver. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/publications/evidence-for-involvement-of-multiple-forms-of-cytochrome-p-450-in/fingerprints/?sortBy=alphabetically
Slide A IV 50Slide A IV 50
Chronic hepatitis B and C infections, dietary aflatoxin B1 ingestion and chronic alcohol abuse are the most common etiological factors associated with HCC. Liver cirrhosis is the major clinical risk factor for the development of HCC independent of its original etiology. Indeed, in 70-90% of cases HCC develops in the setting of macronodular cirrhosis. ...
http://www.pathol.uzh.ch/histologycourse/pages/A_IV_50.html
Comportamiento productivo y toxicosis en pollos de engorde alimentados con aflatoxinas B1, B2 y tres adsorbentes de micotoxinasComportamiento productivo y toxicosis en pollos de engorde alimentados con aflatoxinas B1, B2 y tres adsorbentes de micotoxinas
REYNA-SANTAMARIA, L; BASILIO-NAVARRETE, A; MARTINEZ-ROJERO, RD e CASAUBON-HUGUENIN, MT. Productive performance and poisonous in broilers fed with aflatoxin Bp B2 and three adsorbents of mycotoxins. Arch. med. vet. [online]. 2016, vol.48, n.2, pp.215-222. ISSN 0301-732X. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0301-732X2016000200012.. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1,200 μg/kg of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), Aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) and three mycotoxins adsorbents on growth performance, antibody titers to Newcastle, blood chemistry and histopathological lesions in broilers. One hundred ninety two one-day old chickens were randomly divided into 4 treatments and 3 replicates of 16 chickens, in a 42-day experiment. Treatments evaluated: T1 = basal diet; T2 = basal diet with 1,200 μg/kg of AFbj and AFb2; T3 = basal diet with 1,200 μg/kg of AFb1 and AFb2 plus adsorbent (A); T4 = basal diet with 1200 μg/kg of AFb1 and AFb2 plus adsorbent (B). The results indicate that the chickens eating the adsorbent ...
http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0301-732X2016000200012&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=en
Aflatoxin B1 induces apoptosis in rat liver: protective effect of melatonin. - NeL.eduAflatoxin B1 induces apoptosis in rat liver: protective effect of melatonin. - NeL.edu
RESULTS: The levels of caspase-3 activities in AFB1 group were significantly higher than control group. The apoptosis was associated with degenerative and necrotic changes in the hepatocytes. Concomitantly, the levels of MDA and NO in liver tissues were significantly increased while the levels of GSH, Zn and enzyme activities of GSPx and GR in liver tissues were significantly decreased in AFB1 group compared to their levels in controls. Caspase-3 activity was positively correlated with MDA while negatively correlated with GSH, GSPx and GR in rat livers treated with AFB1. The apoptotic rate was significantly reduced when MEL co-administrated with AFB1. In rats which received MEL with AFB1, the levels of MDA and NO in liver tissues were significantly reduced while GSH and Zn levels and GSPx, GR and GST activities were significantly increased compared to AFB1 group. When MEL-MC co-administrated with AFB1 appeared more effective in reduction of apoptotic rate as detected by decline of caspase-3 ...
http://www.nel.edu/aflatoxin-b1-induces-apoptosis-in-rat-liver-protective-effect-of-melatonin-2315/
Plus itPlus it
Aflatoxin, a potent hepatotoxin, causes rapid inhibition of RNA polymerase activitiy in isolated rat liver nuclei. Its hepatotoxicity is accompanied by an injury of periportal parenchymal cells. Rats fed a diet marginally deficient in choline are protected against the acutely toxic action of aflatoxin B1. This diet does not prevent the rapid inhibition of RNA polymerase or the changes in nucleolar morphology following the administration of aflatoxin B1. The diet does however largely prevent the proliferation of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and the necrosis of periportal parenchymal cells. The diet appears to offer the possibility of separating those changes in the liver associated with hepatotoxicity from those associated with hepatocarcinogenicity.. ...
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/33/11/2878
Effect of Low Levels of Aflatoxin B1 on Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Liver Histopathological...Effect of Low Levels of Aflatoxin B1 on Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Liver Histopathological...
Abstract: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding corns naturally contaminated with AflatoxinB1 (AFB1) on performance, serum biochemistry, liver histopathological changes and percentage of hepatocyte apoptosis of Cherry Valley Ducks. Sixty, 1 day old ducks randomly divide into groups and were fed corn-soybean meal uncontaminated or contaminated AFB1. AFB1-contaminated diet significantly decreased the Body Weight (BW) gain, feed intake and feed conversion rate (p,0.05). The concentration of serum protein and the activity antioxidant enzyme were significantly decreased (p,0.05), the activity of serum biochemical enzyme and hepatocyte apoptosis were significantly increased (p,0.05) in AFB1-contaminated group. From histological study, liver tissue of ducks receiving AFB1-contaminated diets had markedly bile duct hyperplasia and vacuolar degeneration. ...
https://scialert.net/asci/ascidetail.php?doi=javaa.2013.1126.1130&kw=
The intake of contaminants via a diet according to the Dutch Wheel of Five Guidelines - Webbased Archive of RIVM PublicationsThe intake of contaminants via a diet according to the Dutch Wheel of Five Guidelines - Webbased Archive of RIVM Publications
Food can become contaminated with substances not intentionally added (contaminants). They can occur in plants through, for example, absorption from the (contaminated) soil or deposition from the air. Contaminants can also find their way in food during the production process and preparation of food. Contamination due to contaminants cannot always be prevented, but, in most cases, is of no public health concern. That is because the concentrations, on average, are low over time. RIVM has calculated that the intake of the majority of 28 contaminants investigated is within an acceptable range when people eat and drink according to the Wheel of Five. This is not the case for three contaminants: acrylamide, arsenic and lead. That does not mean that it is certain that negative health effects will occur. It is just that they cannot be ruled out. Due to uncertainties in the calculation, no conclusion could be drawn for cadmium, aflatoxin B1 and the sum of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2. There are no ...
http://rivm.openrepository.com/rivm/handle/10029/620944
Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [Biotin] (NB600-443B): Novus BiologicalsAflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [Biotin] (NB600-443B): Novus Biologicals
Mouse Monoclonal Anti-Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [Biotin]. Validated: WB, ELISA, ICC/IF, IHC-Fr, IHC-P. Tested Reactivity: All Species. 100% Guaranteed.
https://www.novusbio.com/products/aflatoxin-b1-antibody-6a10_nb600-443b
EN 14097:2001
Foodstuffs. Determination of aflatoxin B$d1 and the sum of aflatoxin B$d1, B$d2, G$d1 and G$d2 in peanuts, pistachios, figs, and paprika powder. ...
https://standardsdirect.org/en-standards_subdomain/en-sheet124_list_30.html
EFSA Journal | Europäische Behörde für LebensmittelsicherheitEFSA Journal | Europäische Behörde für Lebensmittelsicherheit
EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of aflatoxins in food. The risk assessment was confined to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFM1. More than 200,000 analytical results on the occ .... ...
http://www.efsa.europa.eu/de/publications/?f%5B0%5D=im_field_subject%3A61826&f%5B1%5D=sm_field_so_type%3Atechnical_report_post_11&f%5B2%5D=sm_field_so_type%3Aspecial_issue_item&f%5B3%5D=sm_field_so_type%3Aopinion&%3Bamp%3Bf%5B1%5D=im_field_subject%3A70303
EFSA Journal | Autorité européenne de sécurité des alimentsEFSA Journal | Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments
EFSA was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks to public health related to the presence of aflatoxins in food. The risk assessment was confined to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), AFB2, AFG1, AFG2 and AFM1. More than 200,000 analytical results on the occ .... ...
https://www.efsa.europa.eu/fr/publications/?results_per_page=20&f%5B0%5D=im_field_subject%3A61721&f%5B1%5D=sm_field_so_type%3Aopinion&f%5B2%5D=im_field_subject%3A70308&f%5B3%5D=im_field_subject%3A61826&f%5B4%5D=im_field_subject%3A61866
Figure 4Figure 4
Figure 4: Effects of olive leaves (A) and olive oil mill waste (B) extracts on cell proliferation in Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-treated HepG2 cells. Cell proliferation was determined by BrdU incorporation in HepG2 cells. Samples were collected at 24 hours. The groups with a were significantly different vs. the corresponding control group. The groups with b were significantly different vs. the corresponding group without AFB1 ...
https://www.omicsonline.org/articles-images/2157-2518-5-170-g004.html
VXN (vexin) - Rat Genome DatabaseVXN (vexin) - Rat Genome Database
INVOLVED IN neurogenesis (ortholog); neuron differentiation (ortholog); FOUND IN nucleus (ortholog); plasma membrane (ortholog); INTERACTS WITH 17beta-estradiol; aflatoxin B1; antirheumatic drug
https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/report/gene/main.html?id=1601708
AFB Connects You - American Foundation for the BlindAFB Connects You - American Foundation for the Blind
You can http://www.afb.org/media/PDFs/AFB_Connects-You_8-14-16.pdf download a PDF of the AFB Connects You Brochure or view the accessible version below.
http://www.afb.org/info/publications/afb-connects-you/15
GMC Acadia for Sale in Elmendorf Afb, AK 99506 - AutotraderGMC Acadia for Sale in Elmendorf Afb, AK 99506 - Autotrader
Find GMC Acadia for sale in Elmendorf Afb, AK. Find car prices, photos, and more. Locate Elmendorf Afb, AK car dealers and find your car at Autotrader!
https://www.autotrader.com/cars-for-sale/GMC/Acadia/Elmendorf+AK-99506
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Aflatoxin Exposure During Pregnancy, Maternal Anemia, and Adverse Birth...The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Aflatoxin Exposure During Pregnancy, Maternal Anemia, and Adverse Birth...
Abstract Pregnant women and their developing fetuses are vulnerable to multiple environmental insults, including exposure to aflatoxin, a mycotoxin that may contaminate as much as 25% of the world food supply. We reviewed and integrated findings from studies of aflatoxin exposure during pregnancy and evaluated potential links to adverse pregnancy outcomes. We identified 27 studies (10 human cross-sectional studies and 17 animal studies) assessing the relationship between aflatoxin exposure and adverse birth outcomes or anemia. Findings suggest that aflatoxin exposure during pregnancy may impair fetal growth. Only one human study investigated aflatoxin exposure and prematurity, and no studies investigated its relationship with pregnancy loss, but animal studies suggest aflatoxin exposure may increase risk for prematurity and pregnancy loss. The fetus could be affected by maternal aflatoxin exposure through direct toxicity as well as indirect toxicity, via maternal systemic inflammation, impaired
http://ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.16-0730
Molecular basis of aflatoxin-induced mutagenesis-role of the aflatoxin B1-formamidopyrimidine adduct<...Molecular basis of aflatoxin-induced mutagenesis-role of the aflatoxin B1-formamidopyrimidine adduct<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Molecular basis of aflatoxin-induced mutagenesis-role of the aflatoxin B1-formamidopyrimidine adduct. AU - Lin, Ying Chih. AU - Li, Liang. AU - Makarova, Alena V.. AU - Burgers, Peter M.. AU - Stone, Michael P.. AU - Lloyd, Robert (Stephen). PY - 2014. Y1 - 2014. N2 - Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a known carcinogen associated with early-onset hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is thought to contribute to over half a million new HCCs per year. Although some of the fundamental risk factors are established, the molecular basis of AFB1-induced mutagenesis in primate cells has not been rigorously investigated. To gain insights into genome instability that is produced as a result of replicating DNAs containing AFB1 adducts, site-specific mutagenesis assays were used to establish the mutagenic potential of the persistent ring-opened AFB1 adduct, AFB1-formamidopyrimidine (AFB1-FAPY). This lesion was highly mutagenic, yielding replication error frequencies of 97%, with the predominant base ...
https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/molecular-basis-of-aflatoxin-induced-mutagenesis-role-of-the-afla-2
Scope Aflatoxin exposure coincides with micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. group, - Suppression of KRas-mutant...Scope Aflatoxin exposure coincides with micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. group, - Suppression of KRas-mutant...
Scope Aflatoxin exposure coincides with micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. group, compared to the least expensive, were 1.98 (95%CI: 1.00, 3.92) and 3.56 (95%CI: 1.13, 11.15) instances more likely to be zinc and vitamin A deficient. Summary Although children with high aflatoxin exposure levels were more likely to be zinc and vitamin A deficient, further study is necessary to determine a cause and effect relationship. to aflatoxin B1 and G1 [44]. This conflicting evidence from previous study, and the fact that the strength of the significant associations observed in the current study were fragile, makes it hard to attract valid conclusions concerning this complex relationship between aflatoxin exposure and micronutrient deficiency. Therefore further study is necessary to help set up if there is a cause and effect relationship. The relationship between aflatoxin exposure and micronutrient deficiency was not significant during the post-harvest time of year. There were, however, ...
http://complextraitgenomics.com/scope-aflatoxin-exposure-coincides-with-micronutrient-deficiencies-in-developing-countries-group/
Altered gene response to aflatoxin b1 in the spleens of susceptible and resistant turkeys<...Altered gene response to aflatoxin b1 in the spleens of susceptible and resistant turkeys<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Altered gene response to aflatoxin b1 in the spleens of susceptible and resistant turkeys. AU - Reed, Kent M.. AU - Mendoza, Kristelle M.. AU - Coulombe, Roger A.. N1 - Funding Information: Funding: This research was funded by the United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture and Food Research Initiative, National Institute of Food and Agriculture Animal Genome Program (2013-01043), the University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine Hatch Formula Fund and the Minnesota and Utah Agricultural Experiments Stations, and approved as Utah Agricultural Experiment Station journal paper number 9198. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 by the authors.. PY - 2019/4/28. Y1 - 2019/4/28. N2 - Susceptibility and/or resistance to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a threshold trait governed principally by glutathione S transferase (GST)-mediated detoxification. In poultry, domesticated Turkeys are highly sensitive to AFB1, most likely due to dysfunction in hepatic GSTs. In contrast, wild Turkeys ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/altered-gene-response-to-aflatoxin-b1-in-the-spleens-of-susceptib
Prevalence of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> contamination in pre- and post-harvest maize kernels, Food products, Poultry and...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Prevalence of aflatoxin B1 contamination in pre- and post-harvest maize kernels, Food products, Poultry and livestock feeds in Tamil Nadu, India. AU - Vijayasamundeeswari, Ayyathurai. AU - Mohankumar, Munusamy. AU - Karthikeyan, Muthusamy. AU - Vijayanandraj, Selvaraj. AU - Paranidharan, Vaikuntavasen. AU - Velazhahan, Rethinasamy. PY - 2009/6/1. Y1 - 2009/6/1. N2 - Aflatoxins, a group of mycotoxins mainly produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, have adverse health effects on humans and livestock that ingest aflatoxin- contaminated food products and feeds. To secure the safety of food and feed, regular monitoring of aflatoxin levels is necessary. In order to understand the magnitude of aflatoxin contamination, a survey was conducted in different agro-ecological zones of Tamil Nadu, India and 242 samples consisting of pre- and post-harvest maize kernels, food products, poultry and livestock feeds were collected from farmers fields, poultry farms, retail shops and ...
https://squ.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/prevalence-of-aflatoxin-bsub1sub-contamination-in-pre-and-post-ha
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Current Understanding on Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Future Perspective in Reducing Aflatoxin...Toxins | Free Full-Text | Current Understanding on Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Future Perspective in Reducing Aflatoxin...
Traditional molecular techniques have been used in research in discovering the genes and enzymes that are involved in aflatoxin formation and genetic regulation. We cloned most, if not all, of the aflatoxin pathway genes. A consensus gene cluster for aflatoxin biosynthesis was discovered in 2005. The factors that affect aflatoxin formation have been studied. In this report, the author summarized the current status of research progress and future possibilities that may be used for solving aflatoxin contamination.
http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/4/11/1024/htm
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Non-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney...Toxins | Free Full-Text | Non-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney...
Aflatoxin-producing fungi contaminate food and feed during pre-harvest, storage and processing periods. Once consumed, aflatoxins (AFs) accumulate in tissues, causing illnesses in animals and humans. Most human exposure to AF seems to be a result of consumption of contaminated plant and animal products. The policy of blending and dilution of grain containing higher levels of aflatoxins with uncontaminated grains for use in animal feed implicitly assumes that the deleterious effects of low levels of the toxins are linearly correlated to concentration. This assumption may not be justified, since it involves extrapolation of these nontoxic levels in feed, which are not of further concern. To develop a better understanding of the significance of low dose effects, in the present study, we developed quantitative methods for the detection of biologically active aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in Vero cells by two independent assays: the green fluorescent protein (GFP) assay, as a measure of protein synthesis by the cells,
http://mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/8/1447/xml
Complementary DNA Cloning, Protein Expression, and Characterization of Alpha-Class GSTs from Macaca fascicularis Liver :...
Large species differences exist in sensitivity to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced liver cancer. Mice are resistant to AFB1-induced liver cancer because they express an alpha-class GST (mGSTA3-3) that has high activity toward the reactive intermediate aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide (AFBO). Rats constitutively express only small amounts of a GST with high AFBO activity (rGSTA5-5) and thus are sensitive to AFB1-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, although induction of rGSTA5-5 can confer resistance in rats. In contrast to rodents, constitutively expressed human hepatic alpha-class GSTs have little or no AFBO detoxifying activity. Recently, we found that the nonhuman primate, Macaca fascicularis (Mf), has significant constitutive hepatic GST activity toward AFBO and most of this activity belongs to mu-class GSTs. To determine if any alpha-class GSTs in Mf liver have AFBO activity, a cDNA library from a male Mf liver was constructed and screened using the human alpha-class GstA1 cDNA as a probe. Three different cDNA ...
http://oxfordindex.oup.com/view/10.1093/toxsci/70.1.20
Aflatoxin - definition of aflatoxin by The Free DictionaryAflatoxin - definition of aflatoxin by The Free Dictionary
Define aflatoxin. aflatoxin synonyms, aflatoxin pronunciation, aflatoxin translation, English dictionary definition of aflatoxin. n. Any of a group of toxic compounds produced by certain molds, especially Aspergillus flavus, that contaminate stored food supplies such as animal feed and...
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/aflatoxin
Aflatoxin B1(AFB1)ELISA kit - CusabioAflatoxin B1(AFB1)ELISA kit - Cusabio
Cusabio Aflatoxin B1(AFB1)ELISA kit for Food Safety & Drug Residues test, focusing on chemical contaminants comprising on natural and artificial contaminants.
https://www.cusabio.com/food/Aflatoxin-B1-AFB1-ELISA-kit-1034708.html
What does hAFAR1 mean? - Definition of hAFAR1 - hAFAR1 stands for human aflatoxin B(1) aldehyde reductase 1. By...What does hAFAR1 mean? - Definition of hAFAR1 - hAFAR1 stands for human aflatoxin B(1) aldehyde reductase 1. By...
Hop on to get the meaning of hAFAR1 acronym / slang / Abbreviation. The Undefined Acronym / Slang hAFAR1 means... AcronymsAndSlang. The hAFAR1 acronym/abbreviation definition. The hAFAR1 meaning is human aflatoxin B(1) aldehyde reductase 1. The definition of hAFAR1 by AcronymAndSlang.com
http://acronymsandslang.com/definition/2399886/hAFAR1-meaning.html
Microsome-mediated mutagenicity of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in Bacillus megaterium SJ-6 his...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Microsome-mediated mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1 in Bacillus megaterium SJ-6 his-. AU - Buch, J. K.. AU - Buch, Shilpa. AU - Dave, P. J.. PY - 1982/4. Y1 - 1982/4. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0020028778&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0020028778&partnerID=8YFLogxK. M3 - Article. AN - SCOPUS:0020028778. VL - 13. SP - 349. EP - 352. JO - FEMS Microbiology Letters. JF - FEMS Microbiology Letters. SN - 0378-1097. IS - 4. ER - ...
https://nebraska.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/microsome-mediated-mutagenicity-of-aflatoxin-bsub1sub-in-bacillus
Non-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney Vero Cells - pdf descargar
Non-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney Vero Cells. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
http://libros.duhnnae.com/2017/jun6/149762097613-Non-Linear-Relationships-between-Aflatoxin-B1-Levels-and-the-Biological-Response-of-Monkey-Kidney-Vero-Cells.php
Effects of Glucosinolate-Rich Broccoli Sprouts on Urinary Levels of Aflatoxin-DNA Adducts and Phenanthrene Tetraols in a...Effects of Glucosinolate-Rich Broccoli Sprouts on Urinary Levels of Aflatoxin-DNA Adducts and Phenanthrene Tetraols in a...
The biomarkers used in this study provide measures of carcinogen exposure in the residents of Qidong, Peoples Republic of China, an area of high risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma (6, 7). Urinary levels of aflatoxin-N7-guanine adducts (median = 1.90 fmol/mg creatinine) measured from the placebo arm of this winter 2003 study were comparable with those found in the placebo arm during a summer 1997 intervention trial with chlorophyllin in a nearby township, Daxin (median = 0.96 fmol/mg creatinine; ref. 6). The modest difference may reflect the influence of seasonality on aflatoxin exposure: A 2-fold winter versus summer difference was seen with aflatoxin biomarkers in an ecological study in Daxin in 1993 (40). Similar analytic approaches of immunoaffinity chromatography followed by liquid chromatrography-mass spectrometry were used in the two intervention studies. Thus, aflatoxin exposures have not changed appreciably over the past decade in the rural areas of Qidong despite ...
http://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/14/11/2605.long
Quantitative and selective polymerase chain reaction analysis of highly similar human alpha-class glutathione transferasesQuantitative and selective polymerase chain reaction analysis of highly similar human alpha-class glutathione transferases
Alpha-class glutathione transferases (GSTs) found expressed in human tissues constitute a family of four homologous enzymes with contrasting enzyme activities. In particular, GST A3-3 has been shown to contribute to the biosynthesis of steroid hormones in human cells and is selectively expressed in steroidogenic tissues. The more ubiquitous GST A1-1, GST A2-2, and GST A4-4 appear to be primarily involved in detoxification processes and are expressed at higher levels than GST A3-3. We are interested in studying the cell and tissue expression of the GST A3-3 gene, yet the existence of highly expressed sequence-similar homologs and of several splice variants is a serious challenge for the specific detection of unique transcript species. We found that published polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers for GST A3-3 lack the specificity required for reliable quantitative analysis. Therefore, we designed quantitative PCR (qPCR) primers with greatly increased discrimination power for the human GSTA3 ...
http://su.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:408775
How Aflatoxins Threaten Pangasius Catfish Production | The Fish SiteHow Aflatoxins Threaten Pangasius Catfish Production | The Fish Site
Aflatoxins, a type of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus species of fungi, can colonize many potential aquaculture feedstuffs such as corn, peanuts, rice, fish meal, shrimp and meat meals. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the most potent naturally occurring carcinogenic agents in animals. Initial findings associated with aflatoxicosis in fish include pale gills, impaired blood clotting, anemia, poor growth rates or lack of weight gain.. According to the annual BIOMIN Mycotoxin Survey in 2014, a look at aqua feeds for fish and shrimp showed that, out of 35 feed samples analyzed, 63% of the aqua feed samples were contaminated with aflatoxins at a high average concentration of 49 parts per billion (ppb), with some samples reaching up to 221 ppb. Furthermore, 27 of the 35 feed samples that were analyzed contained more than one mycotoxin. This poses additional risk to animals since in many cases the combined effects of two mycotoxins are higher than the individual effects of each toxin alone.. ...
https://thefishsite.com/articles/how-aflatoxins-threaten-pangasius-catfish-production
Mycotoxin prevention and control in foodgrains - Aflatoxin research on grain in Asia - its problems and possible solutionsMycotoxin prevention and control in foodgrains - Aflatoxin research on grain in Asia - its problems and possible solutions
Aflatoxins are important because some are extremely toxic to many kinds of animals; 10 ppb AFB1 consumed regularly by rats may eventually result in fatal liver cancer and in somewhat larger amounts-a few hundred ppb-aflatoxin cause a great variety of ill effects in wild and domestic animals. An aflatoxin contamination level of 20 ppb is permitted in feed grains and in feeds in the U.S.A. but in foods intended for human consumption the tolerance is zero. However, these guidelines were then revised. North Carolina agricultural officials reported that maize containing up to 200 ppb could be fed to heifers (older than 6 months), calves and bulls and to non-lactating brood cows. Maize containing aflatoxin higher than 20 ppb should not be fed to lactating animals, used as any starter ration or feed to poultry. All other animals could be fed with maize containing aflatoxin levels up to 100 ppb. For human consumption, a level, below 20 ppb is enforced (Mirocha and Christensen 1982 and Pitt, ...
http://www.fao.org/3/x5036e/x5036e1e.htm
DR. LANE MAKES HIS CASE FOR AFLATOXINDR. LANE MAKES HIS CASE FOR AFLATOXIN
Id. at 1636. The final judgment and remedial order have been stayed pending appeal. No. 065267 (D.C. Cir., Oct. 31, 2006).. While Defendants were producing the misinformation described above, Defendants legal counsel were advising against producing a safer cigarette, as that would create. 1. **-------------------. substantial legal concerns. Op. at 1413. This brief contains evidence that Defendants knew, or should have known, of one particular method of making a safer cigarette but suppressed this information. Indeed, but for documents uncovered in this and related litigation, the information would likely have remained suppressed.. This Brief shows that Defendants knew, or should have known, that aflatoxin, a potent carcinogen, was a contaminant of tobacco products; that aflatoxin was a substantial source of the harm caused by tobacco products; and, that methods of neutralizing aflatoxin would have made tobacco products safer. While other issues before this Court are now under appellate ...
http://www.tobacco-on-trial.com/2006/12/19/dr-lane-makes-his-case-for-aflatoxin/
IntechOpen Open Access Publisher - Open Science Open Minds | IntechOpenIntechOpen Open Access Publisher - Open Science Open Minds | IntechOpen
The Serum MicroRNA Expression Modified the Genic Toxicity Caused by Aflatoxin B1. By Xiao-Ying Huang, Chun-Ying Luo, Xue-Ming Wu, Jin-Guang Yao, Chao Wang, Bing-Chen Huang, Jun Lu, Xing-Zhizi Wang, Tian-Qi Zhang, Qiang Xia and Xi-Dai Long. The serum microRNAs have been reported as potential biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); however, their role in genic toxicity related to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), such as TP53 mutation and DNA damage, has not yet been evaluated. Here, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study, including 558 patients with pathologically diagnosed HCC and positive AFB1 and healthy controls (n = 630) without any evidence of liver diseases. Genic toxicity related to AFB1 was evaluated using the hot-spot mutation at the codon 269 of TP53 gene (TP53M) and AFB1-DNA adducts. Through serum microRNA PCR microarray screening analysis, we observed 10 differentially expressed microRNAs (including miR-7-2-3p, miR-4651, miR-127-3p, miR-192-5p, miR-382-5p, miR-10b-5p, miR-532-3p, ...
https://www.intechopen.com/profiles/204289/jun-lu
Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &...Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &...
Departments of 1Environmental Health Sciences, 2Epidemiology, and 3Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health of Columbia University, New York, New York; 4Graduate Institute of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; 5Department of Statistics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; and 6Departments of Health Studies, Medicine, and Human Genetics and Cancer Research Center, The University of Chicago, Chicago, ...
https://cebp.aacrjournals.org/content/18/3/846.article-info
Puzzles | FolditPuzzles | Foldit
Design a symmetric protein tetramer, with 4 identical chains that assemble together! This puzzle includes a Secondary Structure Objective, so no more than 50% of your design can form helices. The H-bond Network Objective encourages players to build buried, satisfied H-bond networks at the interface between symmetric chains. H-bond networks are a great way to introduce polar residues at the interface, but its important that all of the bondable atoms make hydrogen bonds! Weve also adjusted the H-bond Network Objective so that poor-scoring H-bonds may not contribute to networks; poor-scoring H-bonds will be displayed in red. This puzzle uses the Buried Unsats Objective, with a large penalty for buried polar atoms that cant make H-bonds. In this puzzle, there are no limits on the Complex Core, but weve included the Complex Core objective so players can see the core residues that can be incorporated into H-bond Networks ...
http://fold.it/portal/puzzles?page=3
Reveal Q+ MAX for Aflatoxin | Mycotoxin Testing | NEOGENReveal Q+ MAX for Aflatoxin | Mycotoxin Testing | NEOGEN
Reveal Q+ MAX for Aflatoxin is intended for the rapid quantitative analysis of corn and corn products for aflatoxin, offering results in six minutes.
https://www.neogen.com/solutions/mycotoxins/reveal-q-plus-max-aflatoxin/?recommendationId=1180206641001
Veratox HS for Aflatoxin | Mycotoxin Testing | NEOGENVeratox HS for Aflatoxin | Mycotoxin Testing | NEOGEN
Veratox HS for Aflatoxin is an ELISA that provides a quantitative analysis of very low levels of aflatoxin in commodities like corn, wheat and more.
https://www.neogen.com/categories/mycotoxins/veratox-hs-aflatoxin-high-sensitivity/?recommendationId=1237204752302
Plus itPlus it
Residents of Qidong, China, located at the mouth of the Yangtze River, are undergoing a rapid fluctuation in cancer incidence rates at many organ sites, reflecting a dynamic interplay of socio-behavioral, economic and environmental factors. As tracked by their cancer registry, there are extraordinary changes in the China age-standardized incidence rates for the two leading cancer killers in the Qidong region: one going down and the other one up, liver and lung cancer respectively. In endemic areas such as Qidong, liver cancer arises from chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and ingestion of aflatoxins. Agricultural and economic reforms in the 1980s promoted a switch from maize to rice as the dietary staple, with concomitant ,40-fold decreases in aflatoxin exposure over this period as measured by aflatoxin-albumin adducts in archived serum samples. Universal, subsidized vaccination against HBV was initiated in the early 2000s and likely does not account for the 45% drop in liver cancer ...
http://cancerpreventionresearch.aacrjournals.org/content/6/11_Supplement/PL02-03
News | CSBi | Computational and Systems Biology at MITNews | CSBi | Computational and Systems Biology at MIT
peanut meal, shipped from Brazil and contaminated with mold that produces a poison known as aflatoxin. At the time, little was known about aflatoxin, but some scientists suspected it could be linked to liver cancer in humans. Soon after the U.K. outbreak, a young MIT toxicologist named Gerald Wogan launched a thorough, decades-long investigation into the toxin, eventually exposing it as one of the most potent carcinogens humans can encounter. Throughout his career, Wogan not only made discoveries illuminating aflatoxins role in liver cancer, which kills about 600,000 people a year, but he also used his knowledge to shape food-safety regulations in the United States and Europe, and helped develop new measures that could fight liver cancer in developing countries, where aflatoxin exposure is still common. A lot of people are content to do basic science, but he picked up that mantle of responsibility and went right into the regulatory arena, says John Essigmann, MIT professor of toxicology and ...
http://csbi.mit.edu/news_2010/2010_essigmann.html
Results per page: 10Results per page: 10
Yun Yun Gong of Queens University Belfast in the United Kingdom and colleagues will identify mechanistic biomarkers of child stunting caused by the dietary contaminant aflatoxin, which is common in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. They will determine the mechanism by which aflatoxin inhibits growth in early life using blood samples and growth charts from 300 children in Gambia and analyzing the relationship between aflatoxin exposure and changes in insulin-like growth factor signaling, epigenetic marks, and gene expression. Candidate biomarkers will be validated in an in vitro cell model of human liver, which is the primary target of aflatoxin, and used to drive future intervention strategies, such as hand-sorting food to reduce contamination, for ultimately improving child health.. ...
https://gcgh.grandchallenges.org/grants?Round=all&Phase=all&ProjectID=1031&combined_sort=field_funding_dates_value%20ASC&items_per_page=10&f%5B0%5D=field_challenge%253Afield_initiative%3A37072&f%5B1%5D=funding_year%3A2016&f%5B2%5D=funding_year%3A2012&f%5B3%5D=funding_year%3A2013
Corn aflatoxin: breeding, molecular markers | Delta Farm PressCorn aflatoxin: breeding, molecular markers | Delta Farm Press
Annual losses to aflatoxin are estimated at some $190 million. Paul Williams, USDA-ARS researcher/geneticist, and his Mississippi-based team are learning to combat the disease through corn breeding and molecular markers.
http://www.deltafarmpress.com/corn/corn-aflatoxin-breeding-molecular-markers?page=2
Puzzles | FolditPuzzles | Foldit
This is the fourth puzzle of our Aflatoxin Challenge; now players may insert and delete residues in solutions from the previous Round 3 puzzle. Aflatoxins are a class of poisonous compounds that contaminate a significant portion of the global food supply. In this puzzle, players are challenged to redesign an enzyme that could break down aflatoxin molecules. The majority of the protein is frozen, with the aflatoxin ligand fixed in a binding pocket. Surrounding the binding pocket are a number of loops that might be redesigned without affecting the folding stability of the protein. In these loops, players may manipulate the protein backbone and mutate the residue sidechains. Players may add up to 20 additional residues within these loops, at a cost of 16 points per residue. Players may load in solutions from Puzzle 1450 ...
http://fold.it/portal/puzzles?page=2
Student Research: Kellie Fay | Department of Environmental and Occupational Health SciencesStudent Research: Kellie Fay | Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
Towards the goal of establishing useful in vitro models of in vivo responses to toxicants, this work characterizes several advantages and disadvantages of primary mouse hepatocytes (PMHs) cultured for a short term vs those maintained for three weeks with 2.25% DMSO. PMHs examined 1 day (short term, ST) after isolation demonstrated a dramatic loss in ATP (~27 fold lower compared to in vivo) while those cultured for 3 weeks (3 wk) over-produced ATP. The important liver proteins albumin, Cyp1a1 and Gsta were found to be higher in the 3 wk cultures. Gene expression analysis revealed the ST cultures have unregulated numerous pathways involved in compensatory hyperplasia and oxidative injury.. Aflatoxin and acetaminphen (APAP) were used to investigate the metabolic capability of each system. Metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by S9 fractions harvested from ST and 3 wk cultures induced for 24 hours with 3-methylcholanthrene, pregnenolone-16a-carbonitrile, and dexamethasone indicated the ST cultures had higher ...
http://deohs.washington.edu/student-research/kellie-fay
Liquid Chromatography | HPLC Systems | KNAUERLiquid Chromatography | HPLC Systems | KNAUER
The AZURA aflatoxin analysis system is specially designed to determine aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 in food and feed products such as peanuts, corn
https://www.knauer.net/en/system-for-the-analysis-of-aflatoxins-especially-aflatoxin-b1-b2-g1-and-g2-in-food/p23643
What foods contain aflatoxin? - BALLYAWhat foods contain aflatoxin? - BALLYA
Class one carcinogen may be hidden in your kitchen. Aflatoxin is easily found in grains, vegetables, oil, and milk. If you handle it carelessly, it is likely that you will eat it down.
https://ballyabio.com/what-foods-contain-aflatoxin/
Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation | Page 116.tif | ID: t722hf177 | [email protected]
Previous work (Thorgaard, G. H. et al., Aquatic Toxicology 46:121-126, 1999) showed triploid rainbow trout (0. mykiss) given embryonic carcinogen bath exposures had significant reduction of induced tumors relative to diploids. In the present study, trout were made triploid by thermal shock after fertilization. At age of 5 months they were given dietary carcinogen: aflatoxin B1 (AFB₁) or 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) for 30 or 120 days. The dietary exposures were at known tumorigenic levels (100, 200 and 300 ppb AFB₁; 250, 500 and 850 ppm DMBA). At about 16 months after fertilization the fish were sacrificed and tumor incidence and multiplicity were assessed. At all levels of carcinogen and in all tumorous organs tumor incidence was lower in the triploid fish. For DMBA-fed fish it was seen that the diploid:triploid incidence ratios ranged from 2.0 to 9.0 and for AFB₁ from 3.1 to 6.0. Weight class analyses dissociated the tumor incidence effects of growth from the effects of ...
https://ir.library.oregonstate.edu/concern/graduate_thesis_or_dissertations/t722hf177
Subject: rats / Publication Year: 2015 / Subject: rats and liver - PubAg Search ResultsSubject: rats / Publication Year: 2015 / Subject: rats and liver - PubAg Search Results
Twenty‐eight rats were examined in a 5‐week experiment to investigate the effect of curcumin on gene expression and activities of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in rats intoxicated with aflatoxin B1 (AFB₁). The rats were divided into four groups. Rats in 1-4 groups served as control, oral curcumin treated (15 mg/kg body weight), single i.p. dose of AFB₁(3 mg/kg body weight) and combination of single ...
https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/?f%5Bpublication_year_rev%5D%5B%5D=7985-2015&f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=rats&f%5Bsubject_term%5D%5B%5D=liver&per_page=20&q=%22rats%22&search_field=subject&sort=date-asc
Dr. Smita Tripathi
I worked on enzymatic-coupled with UV degradation of aflatoxin b1 in red chilli powder. The peroxidase and AFB1 reaction kinetics was optimized. The feasibility of FT-NIR spectroscopy in detection of AFB1 in spiked red chilli powder was also investigated. Currently my research area is on phytohormone signaling pathways ...
http://fctliitkgp.in/home/researchscholars/home.php?id=156
Dr. Chitrangada Das Mukhopadhyay
The ability of horse radish peroxidase enzyme to degrade several xenobiotics was employed to detoxify aflatoxin B1, a carcinogen. In this connection various kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the detoxification reaction were studied and the reaction was optimized. A statistical model was proposed to predict maximum possible degradation in a specified condition. The detoxified product was tested for its toxicity and mutagenicity on microbial systems and nutritive value of treated meal was tested on male wister rats. The effects of detoxification were also tested on seed and pollen germination, somatic embryogenesis and plant cell suspension culture. The experimental results showed that the detoxified product could safely be used by living organisms ...
http://fctliitkgp.in/home/researchscholars/home.php?id=149
TumorPortal
This gene encodes a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes. The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of cholesterol, steroids and other lipids. This enzyme hydroxylates testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone 3-sulphate, which is involved in the formation of estriol during pregnancy. The enzyme also metabolizes some drugs such as aflatoxin B1. This gene is part of a cluster of cytochrome P450 genes on chromosome 7q21.1. Transcript variants have been described, but it is not known whether these transcripts are normally produced. This gene undergoes readthrough transcription with the downstream CYP3AP1 pseudogene, resulting in an isoform with a novel C-terminus, as represented in GeneID:100861540 ...
http://www.tumorportal.org/view?geneSymbol=CYP3A7
References | Excellent NutritionReferences | Excellent Nutrition
Preston RS, Hayes JR, Campbell TC. 1976. The effect of protein deficiency on the in vivo binding of aflatoxin B1 to rat liver macromolecules.. Life sciences. 19(8):1191-7. ...
http://excellentnutrition.org/biblio/author/323
SID.ir | THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STABILIZERS ON STABILITY OF HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE- BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN-AFLATOXIN B1, A...SID.ir | THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STABILIZERS ON STABILITY OF HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE- BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN-AFLATOXIN B1, A...
Download Free Full-Text of an article THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STABILIZERS ON STABILITY OF HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE- BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN-AFLATOXIN B1, A CONJUGATED TRACER FOR DETECTION OF AFLATOXIN B1 IN IMMUNOASSAY-BASED METHODS
https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=101424
Aflatoxin B1Aflatoxin B1
... is mostly found in contaminated food and humans are exposed to aflatoxin B1 almost entirely through their diet. ... Aflatoxin B1 must first be metabolized into its reactive electrophilic form, aflatoxin B1-8,9-exo-epoxide by cytochrome p450. ... Occupational exposure to aflatoxin B1 has also been reported in swine and poultry production. While aflatoxin B1 contamination ... Media related to Aflatoxin B1 at Wikimedia Commons Aflatoxin B1 (Articles without InChI source, Articles without KEGG source, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_B1
Aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxideAflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide
... is a toxic metabolite of aflatoxin B1. It's formed by the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the ... In the liver, aflatoxin B1 is metabolized to aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide by the cytochrome P450 enzymes. The resulting epoxide ... Aflatoxin B1 Cytochrome P450 Arinç, Emel; Schenkman, John B.; Hodgson, Ernest (2012). Molecular and Applied Aspects of ... Turner, Paul Craig (2013). "The Molecular Epidemiology of Chronic Aflatoxin Driven Impaired Child Growth". Scientifica. 2013: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_B1_exo-8,9-epoxide
Aflatoxin total synthesisAflatoxin total synthesis
The synthesis of racemic aflatoxin B1 has been reported by Buechi et al. in 1967 and that of racemic aflatoxin B2 by Roberts et ... Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Aflatoxin B1 and B2a". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 3090-3100. doi:10.1021/ja020988s ... Aflatoxin total synthesis concerns the total synthesis of a group of organic compounds called aflatoxins. These compounds occur ... Aflatoxin B1 and B2a in 2003. In 2005 the group of E. J. Corey of Harvard University presented the enantioselective synthesis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_total_synthesis
AflatoxinAflatoxin
... but it and aflatoxin M2 are also produced when an infected liver metabolizes aflatoxin B1 and B2. Aflatoxin B1 and B2 (AFB), ... Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic and is produced by both Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin M1 ... Aflatoxin poisoning most commonly results from ingestion, but the most toxic aflatoxin compound, B1, can permeate through the ... metabolite of aflatoxin B1 in humans and animals (exposure in ng levels may come from a mother's milk) Aflatoxin M2, metabolite ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin
Median lethal doseMedian lethal dose
"Safety (MSDS) data for aflatoxin B1". ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2010-08-11. Voelz GL, Buican IG (2000). " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Median_lethal_dose
Liver cancerLiver cancer
Dai Y, Huang K, Zhang B, Zhu L, Xu W (November 2017). "Aflatoxin B1-induced epigenetic alterations: An overview". Food and ... Aflatoxin exposure can lead to the development of HCC. The aflatoxins are a group of chemicals produced by the fungi ... The mechanism by which aflatoxins cause cancer is through mutations and epigenetic alterations. Aflatoxins induce a spectrum of ... Other causes include aflatoxin, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver flukes. The most common types are HCC, which makes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liver_cancer
Secondary metaboliteSecondary metabolite
Aflatoxin B1, a polyketide from Aspergillus flavus. Ciclosporin, a non-ribosomal cyclic peptide from Tolypocladium inflatum. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_metabolite
Aflatoxin M1Aflatoxin M1
... is the 4-hydroxy derivative of aflatoxin B1 and is secreted in the milk of mammals that consume aflatoxin B1. ... Aflatoxin M1 is usually considered to be a detoxication by-product of aflatoxin B1. The main sources of aflatoxins in feeds are ... Aspergillus flavus produces only B-type aflatoxins. Aflatoxin M1 is the hydroxylated metabolite of aflatoxin B1 and can be ... Aflatoxin M1 was found to be a DNA-damaging agent, with an activity about one-third that of aflatoxin B1. Many methods have ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aflatoxin_M1
Aspergillus miraensisAspergillus miraensis
It has been reported to produce aflatoxin B1. A. miraensis has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) plates ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_miraensis
Cytochrome P450Cytochrome P450
Rawal S, Coulombe RA (August 2011). "Metabolism of aflatoxin B1 in turkey liver microsomes: the relative roles of cytochromes ... Rawal S, Kim JE, Coulombe R (December 2010). "Aflatoxin B1 in poultry: toxicology, metabolism and prevention". Research in ... in terms of their kinetic properties as well as in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1. CYPs have also been heavily studied in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytochrome_P450
T. A. VenkitasubramanianT. A. Venkitasubramanian
"Changes in liver polyamines due to aflatoxin B1". Toxicol Lett. 34 (1): 1-4. doi:10.1016/0378-4274(86)90138-4. PMID 3097877.{{ ... He also worked on Aspergillus parasiticus, a type of mold which produces aflatoxin and in the biosynthesis of those cancer- ... T. V. Reddy; L. Viswanathan; T. A. Venkitasubramanian (September 1971). "High Aflatoxin Production on a Chemically Defined ... "Regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis: effect of adenine nucleotides, cyclic AMP and N6-O2' -dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T._A._Venkitasubramanian
CancerCancer
Aflatoxin B1, a frequent food contaminant, causes liver cancer. Betel nut chewing can cause oral cancer. National differences ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer
Aspergillus astellatusAspergillus astellatus
... produces Aflatoxin B1, Aflatoxin B2 and sterigmatocystin. A. astellatus has been cultivated on both ... a new producer of aflatoxin B1, B2 and sterigmatocystin". Letters in Applied Microbiology. 38 (5): 440-445. doi:10.1111/j.1472- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_astellatus
NeosaxitoxinNeosaxitoxin
Gabliks J, Barter S (April-September 1987). "Comparative cytotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 and saxitoxin in cell cultures". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neosaxitoxin
Aspergillus venezuelensisAspergillus venezuelensis
It has been shown to produce aflatoxin B1 and sterigmatocystin. In 2016, the genome of A. venezuelensis was sequenced as a part ... Emericella venezuelensis, a new species with stellate ascospores producing sterigmatocystin and aflatoxin B1. Systematic and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_venezuelensis
Causes of cancerCauses of cancer
Aflatoxin B1, a frequent food contaminate, is associated with liver cancer. Betel nut chewing has been shown to cause oral ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_cancer
Ribosomal protein SARibosomal protein SA
i) RPSA binds aflatoxin B1 both in vivo and in vitro. (ii) RPSA is a receptor for epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), which is a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal_protein_SA
Olumbe BassirOlumbe Bassir
Adekunle, A. A.; Bassir, O. (1973). "The effects of aflatoxin B1 and palmotoxins B0 and G0 on the germination and leaf colour ... Bassir, O.; Adekunle, A. A. (1972). "Production of aflatoxin B1 from defined natural cultures of Aspergillus flavus (link)". ... 1970 - Oxidative metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by mammalian liver slices and microsomes. 1979 - The uncoupling effect of N-( ... Bassir, Olumbe; Emafo, Philip O. (1970). "Oxidative metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by mammalian liver slices and microsomes". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olumbe_Bassir
Aspergillus flavusAspergillus flavus
The four major aflatoxins produced are B1, B2, G1, and G2. The production of the major toxins is a result of particular strains ... Both L and S strains can produce the two most common aflatoxins (B1 and B2). Unique to the S strains is the production of ... Aflatoxin B1 is the most toxic and potent hepatocarcinogenic natural compound characterized. A. flavus also produces other ... and peppers produces high concentrations of aflatoxins. A. flavus growth on spices produces low concentrations of aflatoxin as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_flavus
CYP1A2CYP1A2
Other xenobiotic substrates for this enzyme include caffeine, aflatoxin B1, and paracetamol (acetaminophen). The transcript ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP1A2
Aspergillus rambelliiAspergillus rambellii
"Taxonomic comparison of three different groups of aflatoxin producers and a new efficient producer of aflatoxin B1, ... It accumulates very large amounts of sterigmatocystin, 3-O-methylsterigmatocystin and aflatoxin B1. A. rambellii has been ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_rambellii
PeanutPeanut
Hirano, S; Shima, T; Shimada, T (August 2001). "[Proportion of aflatoxin B1 contaminated kernels and its concentration in ... The United States Department of Agriculture tests every truckload of raw peanuts for aflatoxin; any containing aflatoxin levels ... Peanuts tested to have high aflatoxin are used to make peanut oil where the mold can be removed. A warning sign for the ... Poor storage of the cake may sometimes result in its contamination by aflatoxin, a naturally occurring mycotoxin that is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut
Cellulosimicrobium funkeiCellulosimicrobium funkei
"A novel strain of Cellulosimicrobium funkei can biologically detoxify aflatoxin B1 in ducklings". Microbial Biotechnology. 8 (3 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulosimicrobium_funkei
SterigmatocystinSterigmatocystin
The toxic effects of sterigmatocystin are much the same as those of aflatoxin B1. It is thus considered as a potent carcinogen ... Although it is a potent liver carcinogen similar to aflatoxin B1, current knowledge suggests that it is nowhere near as ... It has been suggested that sterigmatocystin is about 1/10 as potent a carcinogen as aflatoxin B1. Toxic effects of ... is a toxic metabolite structurally closely related to the aflatoxins as it is the penultimate precursor of aflatoxins B1 and G1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterigmatocystin
Linaria purpureaLinaria purpurea
and inhibitory activity on the production of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in Aspergillus flavus Link. of one of its metabolites, ... anti-aflatoxin B1 agent suitable for use in the food industry. The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved ... aflatoxin_B1_AFB1_in_Aspergillus_flavus_Link_of_one_of_its_metabolites_antirrhinoside Abstract: Frezza, C., Venditti, A., ... which drastically reduced the production of aflatoxin B1 in Aspergillus flavus Link., making it a potential natural and 'green ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linaria_purpurea
GNMTGNMT
"Glycine N-methyltransferase affects the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and blocks its carcinogenic effect". Toxicology and Applied ... GNMT has been shown to detoxify some environmental carcinogens such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons and aflatoxin. There is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNMT
Aspergillus pseudonomiusAspergillus pseudonomius
It is most related to Aspergillus nomius, producing aflatoxin B1, chrysogine, and kojic acid. A. pseudonomius has been ... "Two new aflatoxin producing species, and an overview of Aspergillus section Flavi". Studies in Mycology. 69 (1): 57-80. doi: ... "Brazil nuts are subject to infection with B and G aflatoxin-producing fungus, Aspergillus pseudonomius". Int. J. Food Microbiol ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_pseudonomius
Sterigmatocystin 8-O-methyltransferaseSterigmatocystin 8-O-methyltransferase
"Identification of O-methylsterigmatocystin as an aflatoxin B1 and G1 precursor in Aspergillus parasiticus". Appl. Environ. ... Yabe K, Ando Y, Hashimoto J, Hamasaki T (1989). "Two distinct O-methyltransferases in aflatoxin biosynthesis". Appl. Environ. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sterigmatocystin_8-O-methyltransferase
Aspergillus novoparasiticusAspergillus novoparasiticus
It has been reported to produce aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, and aflatoxin G2. A. novoparasiticus has been ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_novoparasiticus
OncomOncom
on growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and accumulation of aflatoxin B1 in groundnut". Mycological Research. 93 (4 ... oncomensis and Rhizopus oligosporus reduce the aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus. However, aflatoxin-producing molds ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oncom
C3orf62C3orf62
Aflatoxin B1, Hydralazine, Valproic acid, and Decitabine. Interstitial deletions of chromosome 3 are rare, and only a few ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C3orf62
MycotoxinMycotoxin
The umbrella term aflatoxin refers to four different types of mycotoxins produced, which are B1, B2, G1, and G2. Aflatoxin B1, ... Aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus species of fungi, such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus. ... Aflatoxins are largely associated with commodities produced in the tropics and subtropics, such as cotton, peanuts, spices, ... 2005). "Aflatoxin contamination of commercial maize products during an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in eastern and central ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycotoxin
EPHX1EPHX1
"Susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with genetic variation in the enzymatic detoxification of aflatoxin B1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPHX1
AKR1B1AKR1B1
"Major differences exist in the function and tissue-specific expression of human aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase and the ... Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (AKR1B1), also known as aldose reductase, is an enzyme that is encoded by the AKR1B1 ... "Entrez Gene: AKR1B1 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (aldose reductase)". Lee H (August 1998). "The structure and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKR1B1
Mycobacterium fluoranthenivoransMycobacterium fluoranthenivorans
nov., a fluoranthene and aflatoxin B1 degrading bacterium from contaminated soil of a former coal gas plant. Syst. Appl. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mycobacterium_fluoranthenivorans
F. Dean TosteF. Dean Toste
He also completed the enantioselective total syntheses of the natural products (−)-galanthamine, (−)-aflatoxin B1 and (−)- ... Enantioselective Synthesis of (−)-Aflatoxin B Lactone". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 121 (14): 3543-3544. doi: ... Enantioselective total syntheses of (--)-galanthamine, (--)-aflatoxin B₁ and (--)-calanolide A and B. Part B : ruthenium ... Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Aflatoxin B1and B2a". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 125 (10): 3090-3100. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F._Dean_Toste
List of MeSH codes (D03)List of MeSH codes (D03)
... aflatoxins MeSH D03.438.150.119.075 - aflatoxin b1 MeSH D03.438.150.119.100 - aflatoxin m1 MeSH D03.438.150.240 - chromans MeSH ... aflatoxins MeSH D03.830.219.119.075 - aflatoxin b1 MeSH D03.830.219.119.100 - aflatoxin m1 MeSH D03.830.219.240 - chromans MeSH ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(D03)
Foodborne illnessFoodborne illness
The pronounced forms of Aflatoxins are those of B1, B2, G1, and G2, amongst which Aflatoxin B1 predominantly targets the liver ... In the US, the acceptable level of total aflatoxins in foods is less than 20 μg/kg, except for Aflatoxin M1 in milk, which ... For example, an outbreak which occurred in the UK in 1960 caused the death of 100,000 turkeys which had consumed aflatoxin- ... "Aflatoxins". Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition. Retrieved August 12, 2007. "GASGA Technical Leaflet - 3 Mycotoxins in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodborne_illness
AllixinAllixin
... and an inhibitory effect on aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenesis. Allixin may therefore be responsible, at least in part, for the ... DNA-binding and metabolism of aflatoxin B1". Cancer Letters. 59 (2): 89-94. doi:10.1016/0304-3835(91)90171-D. PMID 1909211. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allixin
Indole-3-carbinolIndole-3-carbinol
It promotes liver cancer in trout when it is combined with aflatoxin B1 and demotes metastasis. Indole-3-carbinol causes ... "Quantitative inter-relationships between aflatoxin B1 carcinogen dose, indole-3-carbinol anti-carcinogen dose, target organ DNA ... Results showed dose-related decreases in tumor susceptibility due to indole-3-carbinol (inferred by decreases in aflatoxin-DNA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indole-3-carbinol
Aspergillus arachidicolaAspergillus arachidicola
A. arachidicola has been shown to produce aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2, aspergillic acid, chrysogine ... Two new aflatoxin producing Aspergillus species from Agentinean peanuts. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary ... 58(3):725-735 Varga, J.; Frisvad, J.C.; Samson, R.A. (2011). "Aflatoxin producing species, and an overview of Aspergillus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspergillus_arachidicola
AlmondAlmond
Rushing, Blake R.; Selim, Mustafa I. (2019). "Aflatoxin B1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational ... If aflatoxin does not meet the strict safety regulations, the entire consignment may be reprocessed to eliminate the aflatoxin ... "Aflatoxins in food". European Food Safety Authority. 2010. "New EU Aflatoxin Levels and Sampling Plan" (PDF). USDA Foreign ... Almonds are susceptible to aflatoxin-producing molds. Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic chemicals produced by molds such as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almond
CYP3A4CYP3A4
Ligand binding increases when in the presence of CYP3A4 ligands, such as in the presence of aflatoxin B1, M1, and G1. Indeed, ... Ratajewski M, Walczak-Drzewiecka A, Sałkowska A, Dastych J (August 2011). "Aflatoxins upregulate CYP3A4 mRNA expression in a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP3A4
2013 European aflatoxin contamination2013 European aflatoxin contamination
The European Commissions' Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF) has reported 10 notifications of aflatoxin B1 in maize ... "Hy-Vee issues recall of several dog food products due to aflatoxin". www.theglobaldispatch.com. "Testing for aflatoxin in milk ... Aflatoxins have been mainly an "import problem" up to now. However, global warming is increasingly affecting the mycotoxin map ... Aflatoxin detected in milk from two Dutch dairy farmer - People's Daily Online Blond, Josie Le (3 March 2013). "Germany tests ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_European_aflatoxin_contamination
Sugarcane juiceSugarcane juice
Drinking sugarcane juice in Egypt may pose health risks due to contamination with the mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 ... First Report on Detection of Multiple Mycotoxins and Exposure Assessment for Aflatoxins B1 and G1 in Humans". Toxins. 8 (11): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarcane_juice
Economic botanyEconomic botany
Liver Histopathology and Aflatoxin Residues in Broilers Exposed to Aflatoxin B1". Toxins. 9 (11): 371. doi:10.3390/ ... It can enhance the immune system to defend from toxic aflatoxins. Its functions include improving memory and prevent the liver ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_botany
CarcinogenCarcinogen
Aflatoxin B1, which is produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus growing on stored grains, nuts and peanut butter, is an ... This is the mechanism behind the carcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene in tobacco smoke, other aromatics, aflatoxin and mustard gas ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinogen
Aflatoxin B1 contamination in sunflower oil collected from sunflower oil refinery situated in KarnatakaAflatoxin B1 contamination in sunflower oil collected from sunflower oil refinery situated in Karnataka
... the aflatoxin B1 contamination at various stages of oil refining and in refined oil were carried out. This was subsequently ... Aflatoxin B1 contamination in sunflower oil collected from sunflower oil refinery situated in Karnataka () ... In the present study, the aflatoxin B1 contamination at various stages of oil refining and in refined oil were carried out. ... Banu, N. and Muthumary, J. (2010) Aflatoxin B1 contamination in sunflower oil collected from sunflower oil refinery situated in ...
https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=2472
Comparative Metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 in Two Quail Genera Coturnix ja by Sean Moody"Comparative Metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 in Two Quail Genera Coturnix ja" by Sean Moody
Avian species are highly susceptible to the hepatotoxic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Domesticated turkeys are exquisitely ... Comparative Metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 in Two Quail Genera Coturnix japonica and Callipepla californica ... Moody, Sean, "Comparative Metabolism of Aflatoxin B1 in Two Quail Genera Coturnix japonica and Callipepla californica" (2021). ... Avian species are highly susceptible to the hepatotoxic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Domesticated turkeys are exquisitely ...
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports/1594/
Estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase 5 is involved in aflatoxin B1 transpor by YANLING YANG, YALING HUANG et al."Estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase 5 is involved in aflatoxin B1 transpor" by YANLING YANG, YALING HUANG et al.
Numerous studies have focused on the mechanism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabolism and its carcinogenic mechanism, but how AFB1 ... Numerous studies have focused on the mechanism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabolism and its carcinogenic mechanism, but how AFB1 ... "Estradiol 17 beta-dehydrogenase 5 is involved in aflatoxin B1 transportation," Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences ...
https://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/veterinary/vol41/iss4/5/
25µg/mL Aflatoxin B1 in acetonitrile - Trilogy Analytical Laboratory25µg/mL Aflatoxin B1 in acetonitrile - Trilogy Analytical Laboratory
Calibrant containing Aflatoxin B1 at a concentration of 25μg/mL in Acetonitrile and packaged in 10mL volume. Liquid: Ready-to- ... Mycotoxin: Aflatoxin B1. Solvent: Acetonitrile. Volume: 10 mL. Vial: Chemically-treated amber borosilicate glass vial.. Storage ... Calibrant containing Aflatoxin B1 at a concentration of 25μg/mL in Acetonitrile and packaged in 10mL volume. ... mL Aflatoxin B1 in acetonitrile - In situ","public_title":"In situ","options":["In situ"],"price":15500,"weight":227,"compare_ ...
https://trilogylab.com/collections/analytical-standards/products/25%C2%B5g-ml-aflatoxin-b1-in-acetonitrile
Molecular and HPLC-based approaches for detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A released from toxigenic Aspergillus species...Molecular and HPLC-based approaches for detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A released from toxigenic Aspergillus species...
The production of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in processed meat constitutes a public health threat. Aflatoxin B1 is commonly ... Aflatoxin B1 was detected in six basterma samples (15%). Moreover, the ochratoxin A was detected only in four sausage samples ( ... All samples were analyzed for the production of both Aflatoxin B1 and Ochratoxin A mycotoxins by HPLC. Molecular identification ... this is the first report concerning the HPLC-Molecular-based approaches for the detection of aflatoxin B1 and ochratoxin A in ...
https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12866-021-02144-y/figures/4
SSAFB A
SSAFB - Aflatoxin B1-lysine result (ng/mL). Variable Name: SSAFB. SAS Label: Aflatoxin B1-lysine result (ng/mL). English Text: ... SSAFBLC - Aflatoxin B1-lysine result comment code. Variable Name: SSAFBLC. SAS Label: Aflatoxin B1-lysine result comment code. ... Peak area ratios (aflatoxin B1-lysine m/z: aflatoxin B1-lysine-d4 m/z) were linearly related to concentration. Instrument ... Measurement of concentrations (ng/mL) of aflatoxin B1-lysine, derived from aflatoxin B1-albumin adducts, in a 2,104 serum ...
https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/1999-2000/SSAFB_A.htm
IMSEAR at SEARO: Aflatoxin B1 induced hepatocarcinogenesis in neonatal rats.
Aflatoxin B1 induced hepatocarcinogenesis in neonatal rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 1992 Mar; 30(3): 165-8. ... Role of cell replication on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced hepatocarcinogenesis was investigated in neonatal rats showing ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/58943
SENSISpec Aflatoxin B1 RapidSENSISpec Aflatoxin B1 Rapid
SENSISpec ELISA Aflatoxin B1 Rapid Sensitive method for the quantitative determination of Aflatoxin B1 in cereals and beer/gyle ... Sensitive method for the quantitative determination of Aflatoxin B1 in cereals and beer/gyle. ...
https://www.goldstandarddiagnostics.com/sensispec-aflatoxin-b1-rapid.html
Unveiling the effect of interacting forecasted abiotic factors on growth and aflatoxin B1 production kinetics by Aspergillus...
title = "Unveiling the effect of interacting forecasted abiotic factors on growth and aflatoxin B1 production kinetics by ... T1 - Unveiling the effect of interacting forecasted abiotic factors on growth and aflatoxin B1 production kinetics by ... involved in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) biosynthesis and (c) AFB1 production on a yeast extract sucrose medium over a period of 10 days ... involved in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) biosynthesis and (c) AFB1 production on a yeast extract sucrose medium over a period of 10 days ...
https://researchprofiles.herts.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/unveiling-the-effect-of-interacting-forecasted-abiotic-factors-on-growth-and-aflatoxin-b1-production-kinetics-by-aspergillus-flavus
Anti-Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) Fab (G6) - AbYBiotechAnti-Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) Fab (G6) - AbYBiotech
A highly stable, sensitive, regenerable and rapid immunoassay for detecting aflatoxin B 1 in corn incorporating covalent AFB 1 ...
https://abybiotech.com/antibody/anti-aflatoxin-b1-afb1-fab-g6/
Aflatoxin B1 in Rice Marketed in Lebanon
... nomius fungi can contaminate rice and produce mycotoxins including the highly hepatotoxic and carcinogenic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ...
https://laur.lau.edu.lb:8443/xmlui/handle/10725/13704
Part 2 Chapter 9 Tables|HuGE|Books|Resources|Genomics|CDCPart 2 Chapter 9 Tables|HuGE|Books|Resources|Genomics|CDC
Aflatoxin B1. Aflatoxin-albumin adducts. CYP1A2. CYP3A4. 2. 2. 77. 78. Hepatocellular carcinoma. GSTM1. EPHX1. 1. 1 ...
https://www.cdc.gov/genomics/resources/books/huge/tables/chap09_tables.htm
ProGnosis Biotech launches lateral flow tests for aflatoxinProGnosis Biotech launches lateral flow tests for aflatoxin
ProGnosis Biotech has launched two lateral flow tests for aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin. ... We participated on all mycotoxins with our ELISAs and for aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin with Symmetric B1 ES and Total ES. ​ ... Aflatoxin B1 and 4 ppb of total aflatoxins.. Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by two species of Aspergillus​, a fungus found ... ProGnosis Biotech targets aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin. By Joseph James Whitworth ...
https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2018/05/09/ProGnosis-Biotech-launches-lateral-flow-tests-for-aflatoxin
Tle6 (TLE family member 6, subcortical maternal complex member) - Rat Genome DatabaseTle6 (TLE family member 6, subcortical maternal complex member) - Rat Genome Database
aflatoxin B1 affects methylation. ISO. RGD:1343822. 6480464. Aflatoxin B1 affects the methylation of TLE6 intron. CTD. PMID: ...
https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/report/gene/main.html?id=1561530
Ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus against Aflatoxin B1 | Braz. j. biol;84: e250517, 2024. tab, graf | LILACS | VETINDEXAmeliorative effects of Lactobacillus against Aflatoxin B1 | Braz. j. biol;84: e250517, 2024. tab, graf | LILACS | VETINDEX
Aflatoxin B1; Aflatoxin B1; Desintoxicação; Detoxification; HPLC; HPLC; L. Salivarius; L. salivarius ... Ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus against Aflatoxin B1 Ameliorative effects of Lactobacillus against Aflatoxin B1 / Efeitos ... Purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of broiler isolates of Lactobacillus against Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). For this ... Animais; Aflatoxina B1/análise; Aflatoxina B1/toxicidade; Probióticos; Galinhas; Lactobacillus; Ração Animal/análise ...
https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/brasil/resource/pt/biblio-1355859
Liver Damage: Aflatoxin-Induced | GreenMedInfo | Disease | NaturalLiver Damage: Aflatoxin-Induced | GreenMedInfo | Disease | Natural
Aflatoxin-Induced indicating that the following substances may be helpful: Curcumin, Sulforaphane, and Semecarpus anacardium ... These results suggest that sea buckthorn oil intake decrease the severity of aflatoxin B1 toxic effects in the liver.Mar 31, ... Zinc and vitamin C oral supplementation for 1 month had an ameliorative effect on the hepatotoxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in wheat ... Chinese cabbage powder effectively reduced the incidence of liver tumour induced by aflatoxin B1 from 6.67% to 0% in animals. ...
https://greenmedinfo.com/disease/liver-damage-aflatoxin-induced
Aflatoxin M1, B1 (AFM1, AFB1), IgG2b, Clone: 3H58, Rat, Monoclonal | LabstoreAflatoxin M1, B1 (AFM1, AFB1), IgG2b, Clone: 3H58, Rat, Monoclonal | Labstore
The fungus, genus Aspergillus, that secretes aflatoxin enters the plant usually through the wounds left by an insect pest, ...
https://labstore.ru/en/catalog/antitela-3/aflatoxin-m1-b1-afm1-afb1-igg2b-clone-3h58-rat-monoclonal/500-mkg/
Aflatoxin levels in maize and peanut and blood in women and children: The case of Timor-Leste | Scientific ReportsAflatoxin levels in maize and peanut and blood in women and children: The case of Timor-Leste | Scientific Reports
The study measured levels of aflatoxin in locally-produced maize and peanuts (296 samples) and of aflatoxin-albumin conjugate ... Although low in concentration, blood aflatoxin levels and aflatoxin contamination levels in maize across municipalities were ... lower than European Commission tolerated aflatoxin level. Although aflatoxin-albumin conjugate was detected in more than 80% of ... The average concentration of aflatoxin in the grain samples was low with most maize (88%) and peanut (92%) samples - ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-49584-1?error=cookies_not_supported&code=b37fdc51-8b65-4ee4-9a66-f9fc6dd8b9e1
Almond - WikipediaAlmond - Wikipedia
Rushing, Blake R.; Selim, Mustafa I. (2019). "Aflatoxin B1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational ... "Aflatoxins in food". European Food Safety Authority. 2010.. *^ "New EU Aflatoxin Levels and Sampling Plan" (PDF). USDA Foreign ... If aflatoxin does not meet the strict safety regulations, the entire consignment may be reprocessed to eliminate the aflatoxin ... Almonds are susceptible to aflatoxin-producing molds.[55] Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic chemicals produced by molds such ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almond
Aflatoxin B1 and M1 degradation by Lac2 from Pleurotus pulmonarius and redox mediatorsAflatoxin B1 and M1 degradation by Lac2 from Pleurotus pulmonarius and redox mediators
Aflatoxin B1; Aflatoxin M1; Biodegradation; Laccase; Mycotoxins; Pleurotus; Redox mediators; Toxicology; Health, Toxicology and ... Aflatoxin B1 and M1 degradation by Lac2 from Pleurotus pulmonarius and redox mediators. LOI, MARTINA;Fanelli, Francesca;ZUCCA, ... In this study we elucidate the degrading activity of Lac2 pure enzyme form Pleurotus pulmonarius towards aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) ... In this study we elucidate the degrading activity of Lac2 pure enzyme form Pleurotus pulmonarius towards aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) ...
https://iris.unica.it/handle/11584/179999
The mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 stimulates Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-cell transformation in in vitro and in vivo experimental...The mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 stimulates Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-cell transformation in in vitro and in vivo experimental...
The mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 stimulates Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-cell transformation in in vitro and in vivo experimental ... The mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 stimulates Epstein-Barr virus-induced B-cell transformation in in vitro and in vivo experimental ... and partners demonstrates in in vitro and in vivo experimental models that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) stimulates the oncogenic ... www.iarc.who.int/fr/news-events/the-mycotoxin-aflatoxin-b1-stimulates-epstein-barr-virus-induced-b-cell-transformation-in-in- ...
https://www.iarc.who.int/fr/news-events/the-mycotoxin-aflatoxin-b1-stimulates-epstein-barr-virus-induced-b-cell-transformation-in-in-vitro-and-in-vivo-experimental-models-2/
Details for: Laboratory decontamination and destruction of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 in laboratory wastes / › WHO...
Details for: Laboratory decontamination and destruction of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 in laboratory wastes / ... Laboratory decontamination and destruction of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2 in laboratory wastes / editors, M. Castegnaro ... [et ... Aflatoxins , Decontamination -- methods , Laboratories -- standards , Refuse disposal -- methodsNLM classification: QZ 202 ...
https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=ccl=su%3A%7BLaboratories%7D%20and%20su-to%3ACarcinogens%20and%20su-to%3ACarcinogens%2C%20Environmental&sort_by=relevance_dsc&count=20&limit=su-to:Aflatoxins
Aflatoxin mix1 Standard solution Aflatoxin B1. G1 B2 G2 in Acetonitril pack 1 ml|quality ★★★★★ price ✓Aflatoxin mix1 Standard solution Aflatoxin B1. G1 B2 G2 in Acetonitril pack 1 ml|quality ★★★★★ price ✓
We sell Aflatoxin mix1 Standard solution Aflatoxin B1. G1 B2 G2 in Acetonitril pack 1 ml ... Aflatoxin mix1 Standard solution Aflatoxin B1. G1 B2 G2 in Acetonitril pack 1 ml. Reference 9833243 ... Standard solution a 2 µg/mL Aflatoxin B1 & G1 and a 0.5 µg/mL Aflatoxin B2 & G2 in Acetonitril. Documentation acc. to Guides ... Aflatoxin mix1 Standard solution Aflatoxin B1. G1 B2 G2 in Acetonitril pack 1 ml ...
https://www.hornik.eu.com/en/3-184_chemicals/14448-aflatoxin-mix1-standard-solution-aflatoxin-b1-g1-b2-g2-in-acetonitril-pack-1-ml.html
Immunoaffinity Column Comb for Aflatoxins (B1,B2,G1,G2), Zearalenone and Ochratoxin AImmunoaffinity Column Comb for Aflatoxins (B1,B2,G1,G2), Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A
Accurate and Reliable Immunoaffinity Column for Aflatoxins, Zearalenone and Ochratoxin A with factory price and ship all over ... The Aflatoxin B1 ELISA Test Kit is a competitive ELISA for the qualitative or quantitative analysis of aflatoxin B1 in feed and ... Home,Technologies,Pre-Treatment,Immunoaffinity Columns (IAC),Immunoaffinity Column Comb for Aflatoxins (B1,B2,G1,G2), ... The kit is a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay that determines a quantitative level for the presence of aflatoxin B1 and ...
https://mzfoodtest.com/product/immunoaffinity-column-comb-for-aflatoxins-b1b2g1g2-zearalenone-and-ochratoxin-a/
Global Environment Monitoring System : Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme (‎GEMS/Food)‎ : compilation of...Global Environment Monitoring System : Food Contamination Monitoring and Assessment Programme (‎GEMS/Food)‎ : compilation of...
Aflatoxin B1. en. dc.subject.mesh. Trace Elements. en. dc.subject.mesh. Lead. en. ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/58537?show=full
Lukasz BINKOWSKI | Professor (Associate) | Ph.D. | Institute of BiologyLukasz BINKOWSKI | Professor (Associate) | Ph.D. | Institute of Biology
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) on the heart ... In vivo effects of aflatoxin B1 and benzo[ a ]pyrene on the heart muscle of chicken embryos ...
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Lukasz-Binkowski
Analytical Methods Review Articles 2021 HomeAnalytical Methods Review Articles 2021 Home
Aflatoxin B1 pollution is one of the most critical issues of food safety and has been categorized as a group I carcinogen by ... Recent progress in fluorescent aptasensors for the detection of aflatoxin B1 in food Yi Chen ...
https://pubs.rsc.org/en/journals/articlecollectionlanding?sercode=ay&themeid=d9664014-2149-4f2d-bed6-223d71f06a80
Animal feed and bedding | RPSAnimal feed and bedding | RPS
Aflatoxins B1,B2,G1,G2.. *Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). *Anions and cations. *Heavy Metals ...
https://www.rpsgroup.com/services/laboratories/food-safety-analysis/products/animal-feed-and-bedding/
RGD Reference Report - Generation of a New Model Rat: Nrf2 Knockout Rats Are Sensitive to Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity. - Rat Genome...RGD Reference Report - Generation of a New Model Rat: Nrf2 Knockout Rats Are Sensitive to Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity. - Rat Genome...
Generation of a New Model Rat: Nrf2 Knockout Rats Are Sensitive to Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity.. ... WE TREATED THE NRF2 KNOCKOUT RATS WITH AFLATOXIN B1 AFB1, A CARCINOGENIC MYCOTOXIN THAT ELICITS GENE MUTATIONS THROUGH BINDING ...
https://www.rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/report/reference/main.html?id=12910550
AFB1AspergillusExposureAdductsZearalenoneMycotoxin aflatoxinDeterminationHepatocellularFumonisinsCornBiosynthesisDietaryOchratoxinMetabolitesConcentrationToxicityHighly susceptibleSusceptibleLiverQuantitativeIngestionDetectionEnzymePotentRats1993RapidLimitsSerumGrainMeasurementMaizeEffectsFoodWheatCancerProteinStudyProductionProductsTotal
AFB114
  • Numerous studies have focused on the mechanism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) metabolism and its carcinogenic mechanism, but how AFB1 is transported into hepatocytes and how it is transferred inside hepatocytes remains unknown. (tubitak.gov.tr)
  • 0.985 vs 0.930) and CO2 exposure (400 vs 1000 ppm) on (a) growth of Aspergillus flavus and effects on (b) gene expression of a structural (aflD) and key regulatory gene (aflR) involved in aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) biosynthesis and (c) AFB1 production on a yeast extract sucrose medium over a period of 10 days. (herts.ac.uk)
  • Role of cell replication on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) induced hepatocarcinogenesis was investigated in neonatal rats showing persistence of cell replication in the liver for 21 days of post natal life. (who.int)
  • Being cultivated in subtropical and tropical hot and humid areas, A. flavus, A. parasiticus, and A. nomius fungi can contaminate rice and produce mycotoxins including the highly hepatotoxic and carcinogenic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). (edu.lb)
  • In this study we elucidate the degrading activity of Lac2 pure enzyme form Pleurotus pulmonarius towards aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and M1 (AFM1). (unica.it)
  • A new study by researchers from the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) and partners demonstrates in in vitro and in vivo experimental models that aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) stimulates the oncogenic potential of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. (who.int)
  • Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by naturally occurring fungi on food , and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is carcinogenic, immunotoxic and hepatotoxic. (bvsalud.org)
  • Aflatoxin exposure was assessed at 12 months using serum AFB1- lysine pg/mg albumin biomarker measured using high performance liquid chromatography -fluorescent detection . (bvsalud.org)
  • Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus spp. (olmdiagnostics.com)
  • abstract = "Elevated aflatoxin B1-albumin adducts (AFB1-Alb) have been associated with an increased risk for HCC development. (nyu.edu)
  • This research aimed to observe the interaction of methionine-cysteine amino acid supplementation to decrease the effect of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on diet against production performance of broiler chicken. (ugm.ac.id)
  • HBV demonstrates the ability to integrate and bind to p53 protein in the host DNA and propagate hepatocyte vulnerability through carcinogenic aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) damage. (who.int)
  • Le VHB démontre sa capacité à s'intégrer et à se lier à la protéine p53 dans l'ADN de l'hôte et à propager la vulnérabilité des hépatocytes par le biais de dommages cancérigènes à l'aflatoxine B1 (AFB1). (who.int)
  • Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) appears in milk and dairy products, as a result results, improper follow-ups or even lack of further investigation on of ingestion of contaminated feed with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). (cdc.gov)
Aspergillus7
  • Aflatoxins are mycotoxins produced by two species of Aspergillus ​, a fungus found in areas with hot and humid climates. (foodnavigator.com)
  • Aflatoxins are toxic fungal metabolites produced by Aspergillus sp. (nature.com)
  • Comparative mapping of aflatoxin pathway gene clusters in Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus. (genome.jp)
  • avnA, a gene encoding a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase, is involved in the conversion of averantin to averufin in aflatoxin biosynthesis in Aspergillus parasiticus. (genome.jp)
  • Aflatoxin B1 is produced by some strains of the fungus Aspergillus flavus that thrive on improperly stored corn, rice, and peanuts. (humpath.com)
  • 2001). Although numerous toxic fungal metabolites can be found in maize, attention has focused on the few mycotoxins that occur with greater frequency such as aflatoxins that are a group of secondary metabolites produced by the Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus . (ac.be)
  • Aflatoxin is a potent 'natural' poison that's produced by a common type of food mold known as Aspergillus flavus . (dogfoodadvisor.com)
Exposure8
  • An isotope dilution mass spectrometry based method (LC-MS/MS triple quadrupole MS using electrospray ionization) was used for routine quantitation of AFB-lys as a measure of individual exposure to aflatoxin B1. (cdc.gov)
  • There is evidence that aflatoxin exposure plays a role in the pathogenesis of liver cancer in the US population. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • This study aimed to provide information on aflatoxin exposure nationally. (nature.com)
  • For aflatoxin the guidelines to regulate the levels of its exposure relate to human food and animal feed 8 . (nature.com)
  • Chronic hepatitis B infection, caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and exposure to aflatoxins is fundamental in the formation of HCC in developing countries. (who.int)
  • Chronic, long-term exposure to tiny, undetectable amounts of aflatoxin in your pet's food has the potential to cause serious damage to the future health of your dog. (dogfoodadvisor.com)
  • Effects of prenatal aflatoxin B1 exposure on behaviors of rat offspring. (bvsalud.org)
  • REDDY, P. S. Prenatal exposure to aflatoxin B1: developmental, behavioral, and reproductive alterations in male rats. (bvsalud.org)
Adducts4
  • Measurement of concentrations (ng/mL) of aflatoxin B1-lysine, derived from aflatoxin B1-albumin adducts, in a 2,104 serum sample subset of NHANES 1999-2000. (cdc.gov)
  • 2005) was used to assess aflatoxin-albumin adducts in serum. (cdc.gov)
  • Aflatoxin B1 adducts were hydrolyzed from serum albumin using enzymatic digestion with pronase which was incubated in a 40°C water bath for 4 hours or overnight at 37°C. Once digestion was complete, samples were transferred to an automated solid phase extraction (SPE) system. (cdc.gov)
  • Elevated aflatoxin B 1 -albumin adducts (AFB 1 -Alb) have been associated with an increased risk for HCC development. (nyu.edu)
Zearalenone1
  • Some of the most frequently detected mycotoxin combinations (e.g. deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, or aflatoxins and fumonisins) may exert additive or synergistic effects according to published studies. (biomin.net)
Mycotoxin aflatoxin1
  • Avian species are highly susceptible to the hepatotoxic mycotoxin aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ). (usu.edu)
Determination3
  • Sensitive method for the quantitative determination of Aflatoxin B1 in cereals and beer/gyle. (goldstandarddiagnostics.com)
  • Thin layer chromatographic determination of aflatoxin in corn dust. (cdc.gov)
  • A high performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) method was developed for the determination of aflatoxin B1 in cereals. (chromatographyonline.com)
Hepatocellular2
  • Genetic polymorphisms in DNA repair genes XRCC4 and XRCC5 and aflatoxin B1-related hepatocellular carcinoma. (cdc.gov)
  • The more typical form of hepatocellular carcinoma is often associated with active hepatic inflammation, hepatitis B or C viral infection, alcohol-related liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cirrhosis from any other cause, or dietary aflatoxin B1. (medscape.com)
Fumonisins3
  • Based on the 83 corn samples tested to date, initial surveillance of 2022 corn crop suggests that mycotoxin occurrence is somewhat increased compared to 2021, with the greatest shifts in Fumonisins (+13% points) and Aflatoxins (+16% points). (dsm.com)
  • The Committee evaluated the following eight mycotoxins that contaminate food: aflatoxin M1, fumonisins B1, B2 and B3, ochratoxin A, and the trichothecenes deoxynivalenol and T-2 and HT-2 toxins. (who.int)
  • The Committee allocated a group provisional maximum tolerable daily intake of 2 µg/kg of body weight to fumonisins B1, B2 and B3, alone or in combination. (who.int)
Corn7
  • A highly stable, sensitive, regenerable and rapid immunoassay for detecting aflatoxin B 1 in corn incorporating covalent AFB 1 immobilization and a recombinant Fab antibody. (abybiotech.com)
  • The mean aflatoxin-B1 ground corn. (cdc.gov)
  • In May 2006, in Kenya, an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis was reported, where aflatoxin contamination of homegrown corn has been a recurrent problem. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • CDC teams worked with the Kenyan Ministry of Health for the trial of a rapid, portable aflatoxin screening tool that could be used in the field to identify contaminated corn and guide urgent corn replacement efforts during an outbreak. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Corn has been the most common source of aflatoxin in every poison-related dog food recall . (dogfoodadvisor.com)
  • We've noted zero aflatoxin-related recalls from major brands, including those that use corn in their recipes. (dogfoodadvisor.com)
  • Corn is not the only source of aflatoxin. (dogfoodadvisor.com)
Biosynthesis2
  • Stereochemistry during aflatoxin biosynthesis: conversion of norsolorinic acid to averufin. (genome.jp)
  • Involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis. (genome.jp)
Dietary2
  • Dietary determinants of aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct among infants in Nepal. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several studies have linked Infertility associated spermatotoxicty/spermato-mutagenesis of Adult male Wister dietary exposed to aflatoxin B, the dynamics may be as a result of chromosomal aberration or simply by its anti-spermatogenesis properties. (ijrhs.org)
Ochratoxin1
  • The immunoaffinity column can selectively adsorb aflatoxin (B1, B2, G1, G2) and Ochratoxin A from the sample solution, thereby having a highly targeted purification effect on the sample. (mzfoodtest.com)
Metabolites2
  • In this context, recent studies have demonstrated EN capability in order to discriminate between non-infected and infected samples with different species or different strain of toxigenic fungi, through the production of volatile secondary metabolites and to demonstrate the variation of the metabolic pathway due to the contamination of grain (Keshri et al. (ac.be)
  • Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1. (bvsalud.org)
Concentration5
  • Calibrant containing Aflatoxin B1 at a concentration of 25μg/mL in Acetonitrile and packaged in 10mL volume. (trilogylab.com)
  • Peak area ratios (aflatoxin B1-lysine m/z: aflatoxin B1-lysine-d 4 m/z) were linearly related to concentration. (cdc.gov)
  • The average concentration of aflatoxin in the grain samples was low with most maize (88%) and peanut (92%) samples - lower than European Commission tolerated aflatoxin level. (nature.com)
  • Although aflatoxin-albumin conjugate was detected in more than 80% of blood samples, the average concentration in children and adults of 0.64 and 0.98 pg mg −1 alb, respectively, is much lower than in other similar rural-based countries. (nature.com)
  • These results could be used in further studies aimed at development of a robust classification model, which could be useful to screen for aflatoxins at concentration limits proposed by the European legislation. (ac.be)
Toxicity2
  • Generation of a New Model Rat: Nrf2 Knockout Rats Are Sensitive to Aflatoxin B1 Toxicity. (mcw.edu)
  • Aflatoxin has the highest toxicity of all mold toxins. (dogfoodadvisor.com)
Highly susceptible1
Susceptible2
  • Differential Transcriptome Responses to Aflatoxin B₁ in the Cecal Tonsil of Susceptible and Resistant Turkeys. (nih.gov)
  • Altered Gene Response to Aflatoxin B 1 in the Spleens of Susceptible and Resistant Turkeys. (nih.gov)
Liver6
  • Astaxanthin alleviated aflatoxin B1-induced liver damage. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Both Nigella sativa and date reduce the toxic effects of aflatoxin-B1 in liver and kidney. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Chinese cabbage powder effectively reduced the incidence of liver tumour induced by aflatoxin B1 from 6.67% to 0% in animals. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 are a principal public health concern because of their pivotal role in the occurrence of primary liver cancer. (ac.be)
  • It's aflatoxin… the deadly poison produced by that mold… that can cause liver failure, cancer and death … in dogs. (dogfoodadvisor.com)
  • Based on worst-case assumptions, the projected risk of liver cancer attributable to aflatoxin M1 would be very small if either of these maximum levels were implemented. (who.int)
Quantitative2
  • The kit is a lateral flow immunochromatographic assay that determines a quantitative level for the presence of aflatoxin B1 and is intended for use in nuts, grain and feed. (mzfoodtest.com)
  • The Aflatoxin B1 ELISA Test Kit is a competitive ELISA for the qualitative or quantitative analysis of aflatoxin B1 in feed and feed material.Brochure-Grains & Feed Test. (mzfoodtest.com)
Ingestion1
  • Ingestion of foods contaminated with aflatoxin B1. (oncolink.org)
Detection1
  • An electronic nose (EN) may represent a promising analytical tool to be used for an early detection of mould spoilage in grain. (ac.be)
Enzyme1
  • The direct effect of the enzyme and the mediated action of Lac2 with redox mediators univocally proved the correlation between Lac2 activity and aflatoxins degradation. (unica.it)
Potent2
  • Aflatoxin B1 is the most common in food and among the most potent genotoxic and carcinogenic. (foodnavigator.com)
  • Among the several known chemical carcinogens produced by plants and microorganisms, the potent hepatic carcinogen aflatoxin B1 is particularly important. (humpath.com)
Rats1
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Aflatoxin B1 induced hepatocarcinogenesis in neonatal rats. (who.int)
19931
  • Since 1993, aflatoxin B1 has been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as carcinogenic to humans (group 1) (IARC, 1993). (ac.be)
Rapid1
  • The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for use of an electronic nose for rapid identification of maize samples contaminated with aflatoxins. (ac.be)
Limits1
  • The European Union lower limits are 2 parts per billion (ppb) for ​Aflatoxin B1 and 4 ppb of total aflatoxins. (foodnavigator.com)
Serum1
  • In brief, the laboratory used a high throughput method in which 250µL serum was robotically aliquoted into 96-well plates and spiked with 100µL of tetradeuterated internal standard (aflatoxin B1-lysine-d 4 ) to account for recovery. (cdc.gov)
Grain4
  • It is unlikely that the consumption of aflatoxin contaminated grain is a causative factor in the current level of malnutrition and stunting affecting Timor-Leste children. (nature.com)
  • Aflatoxin-affected grain presents a major global health issue to both commercial and subsistence farming. (nature.com)
  • Subsistence farmers, who both produce and consume their own produce, are especially exposed to the negative impacts of aflatoxin affected grain, as it is not subject to quality testing. (nature.com)
  • The Charm II radioimmunoassay aflatoxin test for grain detects aflatoxin B1 at 5 to 40 ppb. (charm.com)
Measurement1
  • Analysis included chloroform extraction of dust samples, purification of extracts on a silica gel column, and measurement of aflatoxin (1402682) by either one or two dimensional TLC. (cdc.gov)
Maize3
  • The study measured levels of aflatoxin in locally-produced maize and peanuts (296 samples) and of aflatoxin-albumin conjugate in blood samples of women and young children (514 and 620 respectively) across all municipalities. (nature.com)
  • Both crops are cultivated in a tropical environment conducive to aflatoxin contamination with temperatures ranging from 25-35 °C. The rural population of Timor-Leste predominately comprises subsistence farmers, who generally eat what they produce, so contamination of maize and peanuts with aflatoxin will rapidly enter people's diets. (nature.com)
  • The obtained results indicate that the electronic nose was able to distinguish between maize samples according to the presence and absence of total aflatoxins. (ac.be)
Effects4
  • A phenolics rich extract of ginger had protective effects against Aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Curcumin administration ameliorated the induced effects of aflatoxin B1. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Effects of chlorophyll and chlorophyllin on low-dose aflatoxin B(1) pharmacokinetics in human volunteers. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Aflatoxin M1 contamination in different types of milk: A risk for genotoxic effects is evaluated after considering ADME data. (cdc.gov)
Food4
  • Aflatoxin B1 pollution is one of the most critical issues of food safety and has been categorized as a group I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. (rsc.org)
  • Aflatoxin is one of the most dangerous natural poisons known to food scientists. (dogfoodadvisor.com)
  • Aflatoxin has led to the tragic death of hundreds of dogs … and has caused an increasing number of life-threatening dog food recalls . (dogfoodadvisor.com)
  • Compared to almost any other dog food contaminant , aflatoxin has the potential to be FAR more dangerous . (dogfoodadvisor.com)
Wheat1
  • Zinc and vitamin C oral supplementation for 1 month had an ameliorative effect on the hepatotoxicity of Aflatoxin B1 in wheat miller workers. (greenmedinfo.com)
Cancer1
  • The effect of green tea catechins on breast cancer resistance protein activity and intestinal efflux of aflatoxin B1 via breast cancer resistance protein in Caco-2 cells. (olmdiagnostics.com)
Protein1
  • The nearness of CAP1 in epididymal liquid, presumably beginning from spermatozoa, proposes that aflatoxin B1 initiate barrenness by a pre-previous protein in preparation. (ijrhs.org)
Study1
  • In the present study, the aflatoxin B1 contamination at various stages of oil refining and in refined oil were carried out. (scirp.org)
Production1
  • For example, significant fractions of samples from South Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia exceeded the European Union maximum level for aflatoxin B 1 indicating a potential threat to animal production. (biomin.net)
Products1
  • Chong, Y.H. (1966) Aflatoxins in groundnuts and groundnut products. (scirp.org)
Total4
  • ProGnosis Biotech has launched two lateral flow tests for aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin. (foodnavigator.com)
  • Symmetric B1 ES and Symmetric Total ES can have two different extractions. (foodnavigator.com)
  • Quantification ranges are 0-8 ppb for Symmetric B1 ES and Total ES, methanol or water extraction. (foodnavigator.com)
  • We participated on all mycotoxins with our ELISAs and for aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxin with Symmetric B1 ES and Total ES. (foodnavigator.com)

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