Aflatoxin B1
A potent hepatotoxic and hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin produced by the Aspergillus flavus group of fungi. It is also mutagenic, teratogenic, and causes immunosuppression in animals. It is found as a contaminant in peanuts, cottonseed meal, corn, and other grains. The mycotoxin requires epoxidation to aflatoxin B1 2,3-oxide for activation. Microsomal monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites aflatoxin M1 and Q1.
Aflatoxins
Furano-furano-benzopyrans that are produced by ASPERGILLUS from STERIGMATOCYSTIN. They are structurally related to COUMARINS and easily oxidized to an epoxide form to become ALKYLATING AGENTS. Members of the group include AFLATOXIN B1; aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin G2; AFLATOXIN M1; and aflatoxin M2.
Aflatoxin M1
A 4-hydroxylated metabolite of AFLATOXIN B1, one of the MYCOTOXINS from ASPERGILLUS tainted food. It is associated with LIVER damage and cancer resulting from its P450 activation to the epoxide which alkylates DNA. Toxicity depends on the balance of liver enzymes that activate it (CYTOCHROME P-450) and others that detoxify it (GLUTATHIONE S TRANSFERASE) (Pharmac Ther 50.443 1991). Primates & rat are sensitive while mouse and hamster are tolerant (Canc Res 29.236 1969).
Aspergillus flavus
Aspergillus
Sterigmatocystin
Poisons
Food Contamination
Carcinogens
Biotransformation
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Mutagens
Anthraquinones
Liver
Arachis hypogaea
DNA Adducts
Condiments
Mutagenicity Tests
Ochratoxins
Microsomes, Liver
Zearalenone
(S-(E))-3,4,5,6,8,10-Hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3-methyl-1H-2-benzoxacyclotetradecin-1,7(8H)-dione. One of a group of compounds known under the general designation of resorcylic acid lactones. Cis, trans, dextro and levo forms have been isolated from the fungus Gibberella zeae (formerly Fusarium graminearum). They have estrogenic activity, cause toxicity in livestock as feed contaminant, and have been used as anabolic or estrogen substitutes.
Aldehyde Reductase
Glutathione Transferase
Antimutagenic Agents
Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
Benzoflavones
Organic compounds containing a BENZENE ring attached to a flavone group. Some of these are potent arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitors. They may also inhibit the binding of NUCLEIC ACIDS to BENZOPYRENES and related compounds. The designation includes all isomers; the 7,8-isomer is most frequently encountered.
Chromatography, Thin Layer
Carcinoma, Hepatocellular
A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Metabolic Detoxication, Drug
Food Microbiology
gamma-Glutamyltransferase
Butylated Hydroxyanisole
Trout
Various fish of the family SALMONIDAE, usually smaller than salmon. They are mostly restricted to cool clear freshwater. Some are anadromous. They are highly regarded for their handsome colors, rich well-flavored flesh, and gameness as an angling fish. The genera Salvelinus, Salmo, and ONCORHYNCHUS have been introduced virtually throughout the world.
Zea mays
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Cottonseed Oil
Biotin
Antibodies
Protective alterations in phase 1 and 2 metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by oltipraz in residents of Qidong, People's Republic of China. (1/513)
BACKGROUND: Residents of Qidong, People's Republic of China, are at high risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma, in part due to consumption of foods contaminated with aflatoxins, which require metabolic activation to become carcinogenic. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase IIa chemoprevention trial, we tested oltipraz, an antischistosomal drug that has been shown to be a potent and effective inhibitor of aflatoxin-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in animal models. METHODS: In 1995, 234 adults from Qidong were enrolled. Healthy eligible individuals were randomly assigned to receive by mouth 125 mg oltipraz daily, 500 mg oltipraz weekly, or a placebo. Sequential immunoaffinity chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or to fluorescence detection were used to identify and quantify phase 1 and phase 2 metabolites of aflatoxin B1 in the urine of study participants. Reported P values are two-sided. RESULTS: One month of weekly administration of 500 mg oltipraz led to a 51% decrease in median levels of the phase 1 metabolite aflatoxin M1 excreted in urine compared with administration of a placebo (P = .030), but it had no effect on levels of a phase 2 metabolite, aflatoxin-mercapturic acid (P = .871). By contrast, daily intervention with 125 mg oltipraz led to a 2.6-fold increase in median aflatoxin-mercapturic acid excretion (P = .017) but had no effect on excreted aflatoxin M1 levels (P = .682). CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent, high-dose oltipraz inhibited phase 1 activation of aflatoxins, and sustained low-dose oltipraz increased phase 2 conjugation of aflatoxin, yielding higher levels of aflatoxin-mercapturic acid. While both mechanisms can contribute to protection, this study highlights the feasibility of inducing phase 2 enzymes as a chemopreventive strategy in humans. (+info)Determinants of specificity for aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide in alpha-class glutathione S-transferases. (2/513)
We have used homology modelling, based on the crystal structure of the human glutathione S-transferase (GST) A1-1, to obtain the three-dimensional structures of rat GSTA3 and rat GSTA5 subunits bound to S-aflatoxinyl-glutathione. The resulting models highlight two residues, at positions 208 and 108, that could be important for determining, either directly or indirectly, substrate specificity for aflatoxin-exo-8,9-epoxide among the Alpha-class GSTs. Residues at these positions were mutated in human GSTA1-1 (Met-208, Leu-108), rat GSTA3-3 (Glu-208, His-108) and rat GSTA5-5 (Asp-208, Tyr-108): in the active rat GSTA5-5 to those in the inactive GSTA1-1; and in the inactive human GSTA1-1 and rat GSTA3-3 to those in the active rat GSTA5-5. These studies show clearly that, in all three GSTs, an aspartate residue at position 208 is a prerequisite for high activity in aflatoxin-exo-8,9-epoxide conjugation, although this alone is not sufficient; other residues in the vicinity, particularly residues 103-112, are important, perhaps for the optimal orientation of the aflatoxin-exo-8,9-epoxide in the active site for catalysis to occur. (+info)Regional differences in production of aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid by soil isolates of aspergillus flavus along a transect within the United States. (3/513)
Soil isolates of Aspergillus flavus from a transect extending from eastern New Mexico through Georgia to eastern Virginia were examined for production of aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid in a liquid medium. Peanut fields from major peanut-growing regions (western Texas; central Texas; Georgia and Alabama; and Virginia and North Carolina) were sampled, and fields with other crops were sampled in regions where peanuts are not commonly grown. The A. flavus isolates were identified as members of either the L strain (n = 774), which produces sclerotia that are >400 micrometer in diameter, or the S strain (n = 309), which produces numerous small sclerotia that are <400 micrometer in diameter. The S-strain isolates generally produced high levels of aflatoxin B1, whereas the L-strain isolates were more variable in aflatoxin production; variation in cyclopiazonic acid production also was greater in the L strain than in the S strain. There was a positive correlation between aflatoxin B1 production and cyclopiazonic acid production in both strains, although 12% of the L-strain isolates produced only cyclopiazonic acid. Significant differences in production of aflatoxin B1 and cyclopiazonic acid by the L-strain isolates were detected among regions. In the western half of Texas and the peanut-growing region of Georgia and Alabama, 62 to 94% of the isolates produced >10 microgram of aflatoxin B1 per ml. The percentages of isolates producing >10 microgram of aflatoxin B1 per ml ranged from 0 to 52% in the remaining regions of the transect; other isolates were often nonaflatoxigenic. A total of 53 of the 126 L-strain isolates that did not produce aflatoxin B1 or cyclopiazonic acid were placed in 17 vegetative compatibility groups. Several of these groups contained isolates from widely separated regions of the transect. (+info)Potency of dietary indole-3-carbinol as a promoter of aflatoxin B1-initiated hepatocarcinogenesis: results from a 9000 animal tumor study. (4/513)
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), a metabolite of glucobrassicin found in cruciferous vegetables, is documented as acting as a modulator of carcinogenesis and, depending on timing and dose of administration, it may promote hepatocarcinogenesis in some animal models. In this study we demonstrate that, when given post-initiation, dietary I3C promotes aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the rainbow trout model at levels as low as 500 p.p.m. Trout embryos (approximately 9000) were initiated with 0, 25, 50, 100, 175 or 250 p.p.b. AFB1 by a 30 min immersion. Experimental diets containing 0, 250, 500, 750, 1000 or 1250 p.p.m. I3C were administered starting at 3 months and fish were sampled for liver tumors at 11-13 months. Promotion at the level of tumor incidence was statistically significant for all dietary levels, except 250 p.p.m. Relative potency for promotion markedly increased at dietary levels >750 p.p.m. We propose that more than one mechanism could be involved in promotion and that both estrogenic and Ah receptor-mediated pathways could be active. The estrogenicity of I3C, measured as its ability to induce vitellogenin (an estrogen biomarker in oviparous vertebrates) was evident at the lowest dietary level (250 p.p.m.), whereas CYPIA (a P450 isozyme induced through the Ah receptor pathway) was not induced until dietary levels of 1000 p.p.m. Therefore, at lower dietary levels, promotion by I3C in this model could be explained by estrogenic activities of I3C acid derivatives, as it is known that estrogens promote hepatocarcinogenesis in trout. Much stronger promotion was observed at high dietary I3C levels (1000 and 1250 p.p.m.), at which levels both CYP1A and vitellogenin were induced. (+info)Downregulation of DNA excision repair by the hepatitis B virus-x protein occurs in p53-proficient and p53-deficient cells. (5/513)
Synergism between exposure to chemical carcinogens and infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been implicated in the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study we report that the HBV protein HBx, inhibits cellular DNA repair capacity in a p53-independent manner. Two alternative assays were used: the host cell reactivation assay, which measures the cell's capacity to repair DNA damage in a reporter plasmid, and unscheduled DNA synthesis, which measures the overall DNA repair capacity in damaged cells. Two p53-proficient cell lines, the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 and liver epithelial cell line CCL13, were co-transfected with the pCMV-HBx reporter plasmid and the pCMV-CAT plasmid damaged with UVC radiation. Compared with cells transfected with control plasmid, the presence of HBx resulted in approximately 50% inhibition of the cell's capacity to reactivate CAT activity of UVC-damaged plasmid, and approximately 25% inhibition of unscheduled DNA synthesis in cells treated with either aflatoxin B1 epoxide or UVC radiation. Using the p53-deficient cell line Saos-2, we demonstrated that expression of HBx also resulted in diminished overall cellular DNA repair of damage induced by both aflatoxin B1 epoxide and UVC radiation, using both the host cell reactivation and unscheduled DNA synthesis assays. In summary, this study provides evidence for p53-independent regulation of DNA repair by HBx. (+info)Divergence of West African and North American communities of Aspergillus section Flavi. (6/513)
West African Aspergillus flavus S isolates differed from North American isolates. Both produced aflatoxin B1. However, 40 and 100% of West African isolates also produced aflatoxin G1 in NH4 medium and urea medium, respectively. No North American S strain isolate produced aflatoxin G1. This geographical and physiological divergence may influence aflatoxin management. (+info)Expression of stably transfected murine glutathione S-transferase A3-3 protects against nucleic acid alkylation and cytotoxicity by aflatoxin B1 in hamster V79 cells expressing rat cytochrome P450-2B1. (7/513)
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is activated to AFB1-8,9-oxide (AFBO), a potent mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolite of AFB1. In the mouse, AFBO has been shown to be most efficiently detoxified by a specific isozyme of alpha-class glutathione S-transferase (GST), mGSTA3-3 (mGST-Yc). A hamster V79 cell line (V79MZr2B1, originally designated V79/SD1) previously transfected with the rat cytochrome P450-2B1 was stably transfected with an mGSTA3-3 expression vector, to study the chemopreventive role of GST in protecting against cytotoxicity or genotoxicity of AFBO. Immunoblotting demonstrated strong expression of an alpha-class GST in the mGSTA3-3 transfected cell line, whereas no detectable alpha-class GST protein was observed in the control (empty vector-transfected) cells. Previous studies with the V79MZr2B1 cell line indicated that it can activate AFB1 to a mutagenic metabolite via a transfected rat P450-2B1 stably expressed in the cells. We examined the ability of the expressed mGSTA3-3 to protect against AFB1-induced cytotoxicity or [3H]-covalent adduct formation in cellular nucleic acids. Exposure of empty vector-transfected control cells and mGSTA3-3 expressing cells to up to 600 nM [3H]-AFB1 indicated that a 70-80% reduction in DNA and RNA adducts was afforded by the expression of mGSTA3-3 in the transfected cells. Clonogenic survival assays showed that the mGSTA3-3 cell line was 4.6-fold resistant to AFB1 cytotoxicity as compared with the empty vector-transfected control SD1 cells, with IC50 values of 69 and 15 microM, respectively. The results of these studies demonstrate that mGSTA3-3 confers substantial protection against nucleic acid covalent modification and cytotoxicity by AFB1 in this transgenic cell model system. (+info)XRCC1 polymorphisms: effects on aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts and glycophorin A variant frequency. (8/513)
Hereditary genetic defects in DNA repair lead to increased risk of cancer. Polymorphisms in several DNA repair genes have been identified; however, the impact on repair phenotype has not been elucidated. We explored the relationship between polymorphisms in the DNA repair enzyme, XRCC1 (codons 194, 280, and 399), and genotoxic end points measured in two populations: (a) placental aflatoxin B1 DNA (AFB1-DNA) adducts in a group of Taiwanese maternity subjects (n = 120); and (b) somatic glycophorin A (GPA) variants in erythrocytes from a group of North Carolina smokers and nonsmokers (n = 59). AFB1-DNA adducts were measured by ELISA, and erythrocyte GPA variant frequency (NN and NO) was assessed in MN heterozygotes with a flow cytometric assay. XRCC1 genotypes were identified by PCR-RFLPs. The XRCC1 399Gln allele was significantly associated with higher levels of both AFB1-DNA adducts and GPA NN mutations. Individuals with the 399Gln allele were at risk for detectable adducts (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-5.4; P = 0.03). GPA NN variant frequency was significantly higher in 399Gln homozygotes (19.6 x 10(-6)) than in Gln/Arg heterozygotes (11.4 x 10(-6); P < 0.05) or Arg/Arg homozygotes (10.1 x 10(-6); P = 0.01). No significant effects were observed for other XRCC1 polymorphisms. These results suggest that the Arg399Gln amino acid change may alter the phenotype of the XRCC1 protein, resulting in deficient DNA repair. (+info)
aflatoxin b1 afb1 aflatoxin b1 afb1 mouse monoclonal antibody Gentaur Molecular Products
Early Detection of the Aflatoxin B₁ Mutational Fingerprint: A Diagnostic Tool for Liver Cancer
Detection of Aflatoxin B1 with a Label-Free Ellipsometry Immunosensor - Sheffield Hallam University Research Archive
Glutathione-S-transferase A3 knockout mice are sensitive to acute cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of aflatoxin B1<...
In vivo activation of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in C57BL/6N mice carrying a human fetus-specific...
Biochemical Basis for the Extreme Sensitivity of Turkeys to Aflatoxin by Patrick J. Klein, Jack N. Kelly et al.
Role of pH in the Mutagenicity of Aflatoxin B1 in Maize Tortillas during In Vitro Human
Digestion Model
Induction of Changes in Morphology, Reactive Nitrogen/Oxygen Intermediates and Apoptosis of Duck Macrophages by Aflatoxin B<sub...
Effects of aflatoxin B1 on profiles of gonadotropic (FSH and LH), steroid (testosterone and 17β-estradiol) and prolactin...
Aflatoxin B1 ELISA - Krishgen Biosystems India
Aflatoxin B1 ELISA - Krishgen Biosystems India
AFB1 (Aflatoxin B1) Antibody, HRP, Rabbit-PTM proteomics; Cell-Molecular Biology; Small Molecules; Research Tools
Genetics of aflatoxin b1 (afb1) metabolism in various inbred strains o by H L. Gurtoo, R Dahms et al.
Investigation on the Protective Effect of ?-Mannan against the DNA Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1 in Mouse Hepatocytes
Aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase member 2 from Human, Recombinant(EC 1.1.1.n11) - Creative Enzymes
Evidence for involvement of multiple forms of cytochrome P-450 in aflatoxin B|sub|1|/sub| metabolism in human liver -...
Slide A IV 50
Comportamiento productivo y toxicosis en pollos de engorde alimentados con aflatoxinas B1, B2 y tres adsorbentes de micotoxinas
Aflatoxin B1 induces apoptosis in rat liver: protective effect of melatonin. - NeL.edu
Plus it
Effect of Low Levels of Aflatoxin B1 on Performance, Serum Biochemistry, Hepatocyte Apoptosis and Liver Histopathological...
The intake of contaminants via a diet according to the Dutch Wheel of Five Guidelines - Webbased Archive of RIVM Publications
Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [Biotin] (NB600-443B): Novus Biologicals
EN 14097:2001
EFSA Journal | Europäische Behörde für Lebensmittelsicherheit
EFSA Journal | Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments
Figure 4
VXN (vexin) - Rat Genome Database
AFB Connects You - American Foundation for the Blind
GMC Acadia for Sale in Elmendorf Afb, AK 99506 - Autotrader
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Aflatoxin Exposure During Pregnancy, Maternal Anemia, and Adverse Birth...
Molecular basis of aflatoxin-induced mutagenesis-role of the aflatoxin B1-formamidopyrimidine adduct<...
Scope Aflatoxin exposure coincides with micronutrient deficiencies in developing countries. group, - Suppression of KRas-mutant...
Altered gene response to aflatoxin b1 in the spleens of susceptible and resistant turkeys<...
Prevalence of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> contamination in pre- and post-harvest maize kernels, Food products, Poultry and...
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Current Understanding on Aflatoxin Biosynthesis and Future Perspective in Reducing Aflatoxin...
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Non-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney...
Complementary DNA Cloning, Protein Expression, and Characterization of Alpha-Class GSTs from Macaca fascicularis Liver :...
Aflatoxin - definition of aflatoxin by The Free Dictionary
Aflatoxin B1(AFB1)ELISA kit - Cusabio
What does hAFAR1 mean? - Definition of hAFAR1 - hAFAR1 stands for human aflatoxin B(1) aldehyde reductase 1. By...
Microsome-mediated mutagenicity of aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> in Bacillus megaterium SJ-6 his...
Non-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney Vero Cells - pdf descargar
Effects of Glucosinolate-Rich Broccoli Sprouts on Urinary Levels of Aflatoxin-DNA Adducts and Phenanthrene Tetraols in a...
Quantitative and selective polymerase chain reaction analysis of highly similar human alpha-class glutathione transferases
How Aflatoxins Threaten Pangasius Catfish Production | The Fish Site
Mycotoxin prevention and control in foodgrains - Aflatoxin research on grain in Asia - its problems and possible solutions
DR. LANE MAKES HIS CASE FOR AFLATOXIN
IntechOpen Open Access Publisher - Open Science Open Minds | IntechOpen
Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &...
Puzzles | Foldit
Reveal Q+ MAX for Aflatoxin | Mycotoxin Testing | NEOGEN
Veratox HS for Aflatoxin | Mycotoxin Testing | NEOGEN
Plus it
News | CSBi | Computational and Systems Biology at MIT
Results per page: 10
Corn aflatoxin: breeding, molecular markers | Delta Farm Press
Puzzles | Foldit
Student Research: Kellie Fay | Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences
Liquid Chromatography | HPLC Systems | KNAUER
What foods contain aflatoxin? - BALLYA
Graduate Thesis Or Dissertation | Page 116.tif | ID: t722hf177 | [email protected]
Subject: rats / Publication Year: 2015 / Subject: rats and liver - PubAg Search Results
Dr. Smita Tripathi
Dr. Chitrangada Das Mukhopadhyay
TumorPortal
References | Excellent Nutrition
SID.ir | THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STABILIZERS ON STABILITY OF HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE- BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN-AFLATOXIN B1, A...
Median lethal dose
"Safety (MSDS) data for aflatoxin B1". ox.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 2010-08-11. Voelz, George L.; Buican, Ileana G. ( ...
Liver cancer
Dai Y, Huang K, Zhang B, Zhu L, Xu W (November 2017). "Aflatoxin B1-induced epigenetic alterations: An overview". Food Chem. ... Aflatoxin exposure can lead to the development of HCC. The aflatoxins are a group of chemicals produced by the fungi ... The mechanism by which aflatoxins cause cancer is through mutations and epigenetic alterations. Aflatoxins induce a spectrum of ... Aflatoxin exposure can be avoided by post-harvest intervention to discourage mold, which has been effective in west Africa. ...
Cytochrome P450
Rawal S, Kim JE, Coulombe R (December 2010). "Aflatoxin B1 in poultry: toxicology, metabolism and prevention". Research in ... Rawal S, Coulombe RA (August 2011). "Metabolism of aflatoxin B1 in turkey liver microsomes: the relative roles of cytochromes ... in terms of their kinetic properties as well as in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1.[33] ...
Aspergillus miraensis
It has been reported to produce aflatoxin B1. A. miraensis has been cultivated on both Czapek yeast extract agar (CYA) plates ...
T. A. Venkitasubramanian
"Changes in liver polyamines due to aflatoxin B1". Toxicol Lett. 34 (1): 1-4. doi:10.1016/0378-4274(86)90138-4. PMID 3097877.CS1 ... He also worked on Aspergillus parasiticus, a type of mold which produces aflatoxin and in the biosynthesis of those cancer- ... T. V. Reddy; L. Viswanathan; T. A. Venkitasubramanian (September 1971). "High Aflatoxin Production on a Chemically Defined ... "Regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis: effect of adenine nucleotides, cyclic AMP and N6-O2' -dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the ...
Cancer
Aflatoxin B1, a frequent food contaminant, causes liver cancer. Betel nut chewing can cause oral cancer. National differences ...
Aspergillus astellatus
... produces Aflatoxin B1, Aflatoxin B2 and sterigmatocystin. A. astellatus has been cultivated on both ... a new producer of aflatoxin B1, B2 and sterigmatocystin". Letters in Applied Microbiology. 38 (5): 440-445. doi:10.1111/j.1472- ...
Polyketide
Aflatoxin B1 one of the most carcinogenic compounds known. Polyketides are produced in bacteria, fungi, plants, and certain ... The cholesterol lowering agent lovastatin Discodermolide Aflatoxin Usnic acid Anthracimycin Anthramycin Esterase Nonribosomal ...
Neosaxitoxin
Gabliks J, Barter S (April-September 1987). "Comparative cytotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 and saxitoxin in cell cultures". ...
Aspergillus venezuelensis
It has been shown to produce aflatoxin B1 and sterigmatocystin. In 2016, the genome of A. venezuelensis was sequenced as a part ... Emericella venezuelensis, a new species with stellate ascospores producing sterigmatocystin and aflatoxin B1. Systematic and ...
Causes of cancer
Aflatoxin B1, a frequent food contaminate, is associated with liver cancer. Betel nut chewing has been shown to cause oral ...
Olumbe Bassir
Adekunle, A. A.; Bassir, O. (1973). "The effects of aflatoxin B1 and palmotoxins B0 and G0 on the germination and leaf colour ... Bassir, O.; Adekunle, A. A. (1972). "Production of aflatoxin B1 from defined natural cultures of Aspergillus flavus (link)". ... 1970 - Oxidative metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by mammalian liver slices and microsomes. 1979 - The uncoupling effect of N-( ... Bassir, Olumbe; Emafo, Philip O. (1970). "Oxidative metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by mammalian liver slices and microsomes". ...
Aspergillus flavus
The four major aflatoxins produced are B1, B2, G1, and G2. The production of the major toxins are a result of particular ... Both L and S strains can produce the two most common aflatoxins (B1 and B2). Unique to the S strains is the production of ... Aflatoxin B1 is the most toxic and potent hepatocarcinogenic natural compound characterized. A. flavus also produces other ... and peppers produces high concentrations of aflatoxins. A. flavus growth on spices produces low concentrations of aflatoxin as ...
CYP1A2
Other xenobiotic substrates for this enzyme include caffeine, aflatoxin B1, and paracetamol (acetaminophen). The transcript ...
Aspergillus rambellii
"Taxonomic comparison of three different groups of aflatoxin producers and a new efficient producer of aflatoxin B1, ... It accumulates very large amounts of sterigmatocystin, 3-O-methylsterigmatocystin and aflatoxin B1. A. rambellii has been ...
Peanut
Hirano, S; Shima, T; Shimada, T (August 2001). "[Proportion of aflatoxin B1 contaminated kernels and its concentration in ... The United States Department of Agriculture tests every truckload of raw peanuts for aflatoxin; any containing aflatoxin levels ... Peanuts tested to have high aflatoxin are used to make peanut oil where the mold can be removed. A warning sign for the ... Poor storage of the cake may sometimes result in its contamination by aflatoxin, a naturally occurring mycotoxin that is ...
Cellulosimicrobium funkei
"A novel strain of Cellulosimicrobium funkei can biologically detoxify aflatoxin B1 in ducklings". Microbial Biotechnology. 8 (3 ...
Sterigmatocystin
The toxic effects of sterigmatocystin are much the same as those of aflatoxin B1. It is thus considered as a potent carcinogen ... Although it is a potent liver carcinogen similar to aflatoxin B1, current knowledge suggests that it is nowhere near as ... It has been suggested that sterigmatocystin is about 1/10 as potent a carcinogen as aflatoxin B1. Toxic effects of ... It appears to occur much less frequently than the aflatoxins, although analytical methods for its determination have not been ...
GNMT
"Glycine N-methyltransferase affects the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and blocks its carcinogenic effect". Toxicology and Applied ... GNMT has been shown to detoxify some environmental carcinogens such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons and aflatoxin. There is ...
Aspergillus pseudonomius
It is most related to Aspergillus nomius, producing aflatoxin B1, chrysogine, and kojic acid. A. pseudonomius has been ... "Two new aflatoxin producing species, and an overview of Aspergillus section Flavi". Studies in Mycology. 69 (1): 57-80. doi: ... "Brazil nuts are subject to infection with B and G aflatoxin-producing fungus, Aspergillus pseudonomius". Int. J. Food Microbiol ...
Sterigmatocystin 8-O-methyltransferase
"Identification of O-methylsterigmatocystin as an aflatoxin B1 and G1 precursor in Aspergillus parasiticus". Appl. Environ. ... Yabe K, Ando Y, Hashimoto J, Hamasaki T (1989). "Two distinct O-methyltransferases in aflatoxin biosynthesis". Appl. Environ. ...
Median lethal dose
"Safety (MSDS) data for aflatoxin B1". ox.ac.uk.. [permanent dead link] ... Aflatoxin B1 (from Aspergillus flavus mold) rat, oral 480 µg/kg 0.00048 [71]. ...
Aspergillus novoparasiticus
It has been reported to produce aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, and aflatoxin G2. A. novoparasiticus has been ...
Oncom
on growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and accumulation of aflatoxin B1 in groundnut". Mycological Research. 93 (4 ... oncomensis and Rhizopus oligosporus reduce the aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus. However, aflatoxin-producing molds ( ...
Almond
Rushing, Blake R.; Selim, Mustafa I. (2019). "Aflatoxin B1: A review on metabolism, toxicity, occurrence in food, occupational ... If aflatoxin does not meet the strict safety regulations, the entire consignment may be reprocessed to eliminate the aflatoxin ... "Aflatoxins in food". European Food Safety Authority. 2010. "New EU Aflatoxin Levels and Sampling Plan" (PDF). USDA Foreign ... Almonds are susceptible to aflatoxin-producing molds. Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic chemicals produced by molds such as ...
Aspergillus pseudotamarii
It has been shown to produce aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, cyclopiazonic acid, and kojic acid. A. pseudotamarii has been ... 105(2):233-239 Varga, J.; Frisvad, J.C.; Samson, R.A. (2011). "Aflatoxin producing species, and an overview of Aspergillus ... Aspergillus pseudotamarii, a new aflatoxin producing species in Aspergillus section Flavi. Mycological Research. ...
Rhizopus oligosporus
on growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and accumulation of aflatoxin B1 in groundnut". Mycological Research. 93 (4 ...
Finrozole
Huuskonen, P; Myllynen, P; Storvik, M; Pasanen, M (2013). "The effects of aflatoxin B1 on transporters and steroid metabolizing ...
EPHX1
"Susceptibility to hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with genetic variation in the enzymatic detoxification of aflatoxin B1 ...
Indole-3-carbinol
It promotes liver cancer in trout when it is combined with aflatoxin B1 and demotes metastasis. Indole-3-carbinol causes ... "Quantitative inter-relationships between aflatoxin B1 carcinogen dose, indole-3-carbinol anti-carcinogen dose, target organ DNA ... Results showed dose-related decreases in tumor susceptibility due to indole-3-carbinol (inferred by decreases in aflatoxin-DNA ...
Mold health issues
Dietary exposure to the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1, commonly produced by growth of the fungus Aspergillus flavus on improperly ... Aflatoxin is an example of a mycotoxin. It is a cancer-causing poison produced by certain fungi in or on foods and feeds, ... high levels of carcinogen aflatoxin M1 in Mengniu brand milk were found to be associated with the consumption of mold- ... experienced a significant rise in the number of corn shipments containing elevated levels of aflatoxin. This mold toxin ...
AKR1B1
"Major differences exist in the function and tissue-specific expression of human aflatoxin B1 aldehyde reductase and the ... Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (AKR1B1), also known as aldose reductase, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ... AKR1B1, ADR, ALDR1, ALR2, AR, aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (aldose reductase), aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B ... "Entrez Gene: AKR1B1 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (aldose reductase)".. ...
Լյարդի քաղցկեղ - Վիքիպեդիա՝ ազատ հանրագիտարան
Aflatoxin B1-induced epigenetic alterations: An overview»։ Food Chem. Toxicol. 109 (Pt 1): 683-689։ November 2017։ PMID ... 21,0 21,1 «The chemistry and biology of aflatoxin B(1): from mutational spectrometry to carcinogenesis»։ Carcinogenesis 22 (4 ...
Mycotoxicology
... the term aflatoxin can be construed to mean aflatoxin B1. However, well over a dozen other aflatoxins (e.g., P1. Q1, B2a, and ... Aflatoxin B1 is the most potent natural carcinogen known [9] and is usually the major aflatoxin produced by toxigenic strains. ... Aflatoxins: The aflatoxins were isolated and characterized after the death of more than 100,000 turkey poults (turkey X disease ... was traced to the consumption of a mold-contaminated peanut meal.[7][8] The four major aflatoxins are called B1, B2, G1, and G2 ...
Toxin tiếng Việt
Aflatoxin · Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin) · Citrinin · Cytochalasin · Ergotamine · ... Fumonisin (Fumonisin B1, Fumonisin B2) · Gliotoxin · Ibotenic acid · Muscimol · Ochratoxin · Patulin · Sterigmatocystin · ...
Cancer
A high-salt diet is linked to gastric cancer.[45] Aflatoxin B1, a frequent food contaminant, causes liver cancer.[45] Betel nut ...
Nutrition
Over two decades later, nutritionists learned that the outer rice bran contains vitamin B1, also known as thiamine. ... Aflatoxin. *Arsenic contamination of groundwater. *Benzene in soft drinks. *Bisphenol A. *Dieldrin ...
Liosta Bithmhóilíní - Vicipéid
Tiaimín Thiamine (Vitamin B1) - C12H17ClN4OS·HCl ... Vitimín B1 Vitamin B1 (thiamine). *Vitimín B2 Vitamin B2 ( ...
Botulinum toxin
Aflatoxin. *Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin). *beta-Nitropropionic acid ...
Cardiotoxin III
Aflatoxin. *Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin). *beta-Nitropropionic acid ...
Histrionicotoxins
Aflatoxin. *Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin). *beta-Nitropropionic acid ...
Aflatoxin
Bao L, Trucksess MW, White KD (2010). "Determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in olive oil, peanut oil, and sesame oil ... Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic and is produced by both Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Aflatoxin M1 ... Aflatoxin M1, metabolite of aflatoxin B1 in humans and animals (exposure in ng levels may come from a mother's milk) ... Aflatoxins are among the most carcinogenic substances known.[12] After entering the body, aflatoxins may be metabolized by the ...
California newt
Aflatoxin. *Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin). *beta-Nitropropionic acid ...
Heat-labile enterotoxin
Aflatoxin. *Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin). *beta-Nitropropionic acid ...
蓮花菰 - 维基百科,自由的百科全书
Gyamfi MA, Aniya Y. Medicinal herb, Thonningia sanguinea protects against aflatoxin B1 acute hepatotoxicity in Fischer 344 rats ...
Toxin
Aflatoxin. *Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin). *beta-Nitropropionic acid ... Fumonisin (Fumonisin B1, Fumonisin B2, Fumonisin B3, Fumonisin B4). *Gliotoxin. *Ibotenic acid ...
Kanser, ang malayang ensiklopedya
... ang aflatoxin B1 na isang kadalasang nakahahawang pagkain sa kanser sa atay at pag-nguya ng mani na areka('nga nga') sa kanser ...
টক্সিন - উইকিপিডিয়া
Aflatoxin. *Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin). *beta-Nitropropionic acid ...
Hepatoprotecció - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure
on aflatoxin B1-induced liver damage in mice Journal of Ethnopharmacology 2007 113:3 (503-509) ...
Cholera toxin
B-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide b-1,4-galactosyltransferase. *Glycoprotein-N-acetylgalactosamine 3-beta- ... Aflatoxin. *Amatoxin (alpha-amanitin, beta-amanitin, gamma-amanitin, epsilon-amanitin). *beta-Nitropropionic acid ...
সদস্য:Gitartha.bordoloi/ধপাতৰ স্বাস্থ্যত প্ৰভাৱ - অসমীয়া ৱিকিপিডিয়া
... similarly to mustard gas or aflatoxin. Acrolein is only one of them present in cigarette smoke; for example, crotonaldehyde has ...
Szerves vegyületek listája - Wikipédia
tiamin (B1-vitamin) - C12H17ClN4OS·HCl ... Aflatoxin. *Ajoén. *Akonitsav. *Akridin - C13H9N. * ...
半數致死量 - 维基百科,自由的百科全
黃麴毒素 (Aflatoxin B1) 大鼠, 口服. 大鼠, 腹腔注射 4.8 mg/kg. 6 mg/kg [9]p.89 ...
സിമ്പ്ലിഫൈഡ് മോളിക്യൂലാർ-ഇൻപുട് ലൈൻ-എൻട്രി സിസ്റ്റം - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Aflatoxin B1 (C17H12O6) O1C=C[[email protected]]([[email protected]]1O2)c3c2cc(OC)c4c3OC(=O)C5=C4CCC(=O)5 ...
Aflatoxin B1
... is mostly found in contaminated food and humans are exposed to aflatoxin B1 almost entirely through their diet. ... Aflatoxin B1 must first be metabolized into its reactive electriphilic form, aflatoxin B1-8,9-exo-epoxide by cytochrome p450. ... Occupational exposure to aflatoxin B1 has also been reported in swine and poultry production. While aflatoxin B1 contamination ... I. The structure of the chloroform solvate of aflatoxin B1 and the absolute configuration of aflatoxin B1". Acta Crystallogr. B ...
Mycotoxin
The umbrella term aflatoxin refers to four different types of mycotoxins produced, which are B1, B2, G1, and G2. Aflatoxin B1, ... Aflatoxins are a type of mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus species of fungi, such as A. flavus and A. parasiticus. ... Aflatoxins are largely associated with commodities produced in the tropics and subtropics, such as cotton, peanuts, spices, ... 2005). "Aflatoxin contamination of commercial maize products during an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in eastern and central ...
Aflatoxin B1 - Wikipedia
Aflatoxin B1 is mostly found in contaminated food and humans are exposed to aflatoxin B1 almost entirely through their diet. ... Aflatoxin B1 must first be metabolized into its reactive electriphilic form, aflatoxin B1-8,9-exo-epoxide by cytochrome p450. ... Occupational exposure to aflatoxin B1 has also been reported in swine and poultry production. While aflatoxin B1 contamination ... I. The structure of the chloroform solvate of aflatoxin B1 and the absolute configuration of aflatoxin B1". Acta Crystallogr. B ...
Aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide - Wikipedia
Aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide is a toxic metabolite of aflatoxin B1. Its formed by the action of cytochrome P450 enzymes in the ... In the liver, aflatoxin B1 is metabolized to aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide by the cytochrome P450 enzymes. The resulting epoxide ... Aflatoxin B1 Cytochrome P450 Arinç, Emel; Schenkman, John B.; Hodgson, Ernest (2012). Molecular and Applied Aspects of ... Turner, Paul Craig (2013). "The Molecular Epidemiology of Chronic Aflatoxin Driven Impaired Child Growth". Scientifica. 2013: ...
Genetic organization and function of the aflatoxin B1 biosynthetic genes. - PubMed - NCBI
Genetic organization and function of the aflatoxin B1 biosynthetic genes.. Woloshuk CP1, Prieto R. ... Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. Most of the genes involved in ... A pair of fatty acid synthase genes were identified that are involved uniquely in aflatoxin biosynthesis. Two genes were also ... Gene expression is coordinated during aflatoxin production and is under the control of a positive regulatory gene belonging to ...
NHANES 1999-2000:
Aflatoxin B1-lysine - Serum (Surplus) Data Documentation, Codebook, and Frequencies
SSAFB - Aflatoxin B1-lysine result (ng/mL). Variable Name: SSAFB. SAS Label: Aflatoxin B1-lysine result (ng/mL). English Text: ... SSAFBLC - Aflatoxin B1-lysine result comment code. Variable Name: SSAFBLC. SAS Label: Aflatoxin B1-lysine result comment code. ... Peak area ratios (aflatoxin B1-lysine m/z: aflatoxin B1-lysine-d4 m/z) were linearly related to concentration. Instrument ... Measurement of concentrations (ng/mL) of aflatoxin B1-lysine, derived from aflatoxin B1-albumin adducts, in a 2,104 serum ...
Aflatoxin B1 - Medical Dictionary online-medical-dictionary.org
Aflatoxin B1 | definition of aflatoxin B1 by Medical dictionary
... aflatoxin B1 explanation free. What is aflatoxin B1? Meaning of aflatoxin B1 medical term. What does aflatoxin B1 mean? ... Looking for online definition of aflatoxin B1 in the Medical Dictionary? ... Related to aflatoxin B1: Ochratoxin A, Aspergillus flavus, Aflatoxin m1. aflatoxin B1. A fungal toxin derived from Aspergillus ... Aflatoxin B1 , definition of aflatoxin B1 by Medical dictionary https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/aflatoxin+B1 ...
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Degradation of Aflatoxin B1 during the Fermentation of Alcoholic Beverages
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a contaminant of grain and fruit and has one of the highest levels of carcinogenicity of any natural ... Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a contaminant of grain and fruit and has one of the highest levels of carcinogenicity of any natural ... Degradation of Aflatoxin B1 during the Fermentation of Alcoholic Beverages. Tomonori Inoue. ... The Use of Feed Additives to Reduce the Effects of Aflatoxin and Deoxynivalenol on Pig Growth, Organ Health and Immune Status ...
Association between aflatoxin B1 occupational airway exposure and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma: a case-control study |...
The aim of this study was to determine the airway exposure of sugar and papermaking factory workers to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and ... Co-contamination of aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 in food and human dietary exposure in three areas of China. Food Addit Contam ... Determination of exposure to aflatoxins among Danish workers in animal-feed production through the analysis of aflatoxin B1 ... Asim M, Sarma MP, Thayumanavan L, Kar P. Role of aflatoxin B1 as a risk for primary liver cancer in north Indian population. ...
Determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Feedstuffs without Clean-Up Step by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
M. Oplatowska-Stachowiak, N. Sajic, Y. Xu et al., "Fast and sensitive aflatoxin B1 and total aflatoxins ELISAs for analysis of ... and aflatoxin B1 in rice in India," Food Microbiology, vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 27-31, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google ... "Effect of naturally contaminated feed with aflatoxins on performance of laying hens and the carryover of aflatoxin B1 residues ... M. A. Anjum, S. H. Khan, A. W. Sahota, and R. Sardar, "Assessment of aflatoxin B1 in commercial poultry feed and feed ...
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Bioactivation and Regioselectivity of Pig Cytochrome P450 3A29 towards Aflatoxin B1
... pigs are easily exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and suffer from poisoning, thus the poisoned products potentially affect human ... Due to unavoidable contaminations in feedstuff, pigs are easily exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and suffer from poisoning, thus ... Confirmation and Fine Mapping of a Major QTL for Aflatoxin Resistance in Maize Using a Combination of Linkage and Association ... RNA Sequencing of Contaminated Seeds Reveals the State of the Seed Permissive for Pre-Harvest Aflatoxin Contamination and ...
Effects of Nutrients in Substrates of Different Grains on Aflatoxin B1 Production by Aspergillus flavus
X. Ma, W. Wang, X. Chen et al., "Selection, identification, and application of Aflatoxin B1 aptamer," European Food Research ... A. Abdollahi and R. L. Buchanan, "Regulation of aflatoxin biosynthesis: induction of aflatoxin production by various ... "Influence of lipids with and without other cottonseed reserve materials on aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus flavus," ... "Multifunctional column coupled with liquid chromatography for determination of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, and G2 in corn, almonds, ...
Effect of Kombucha Tea on Aflatoxin B1 Induced Acute Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats-prophylactic and Curative Studies |...
Jodynis-Liebert J, Matlawska I, Bylka W, and Murias M (2006) Protective effect of Aquilegia vulgaris L. on aflatoxin B1 induced ... Raney KD, Meyer DJ, Ketterer B, Harris TM, and Guengerich FP (1992) Glutathione conjugation of aflatoxin B1 exo- and endo- ... Stresser DM, Bailey GS, and Williams DE (1994) Indole-3-carbinol and a-naphthoflavone induction of aflatoxin B1 metabolism and ... Ip SP, Mak DH, Li PC, Poon MK, and Ko KM (1996) Effect of a lignan enriched extract of Schisandra chinensis on aflatoxin B1 and ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 00213523 - Development and optimization of a supercritical fluid extraction method for the...
A new technique for the extraction of grain dust aflatoxin-B1 (1162658) using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was ... SFE detected aflatoxin-B1 in 14 samples, while the classical method did so for seven. Optimization for temperature, pressure, ... Development and optimization of a supercritical fluid extraction method for the analysis of aflatoxin b1 in grain dust.. ... A new technique for the extraction of grain dust aflatoxin-B1 (1162658) using supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) was ...
Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [Biotin] (NB600-443B): Novus Biologicals
Mouse Monoclonal Anti-Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [Biotin]. Validated: WB, ELISA, ICC/IF, IHC-Fr, IHC-P. Tested Reactivity: ... At least 13 different types of aflatoxin are produced in nature with aflatoxin B1 considered as the most toxic. Aflatoxin B1 ... Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (6A10) [Biotin] Summary. Immunogen. Aflatoxin B1 DNA (against the midazole ring-opened persistent form of ... Check out the latest blog posts on Aflatoxin B1.. Using Aflatoxin B1 Antibody for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Studies. We at Novus ...
AllAboutFeed - Lower Aflatoxin B1 risk for Croatia and Spain
GMP+ International adjusted the risk profile for Aflatoxin B1 for maize. For Croatia and Spain this means that the risk is ... Aflatoxin B1: Changes for Brazil and Croatia As a result of the evaluation of the available analysis results of Aflatoxin B1 in ... Aflatoxin B1 risk for Canada reduced For Canada, the risk profile for Aflatoxin B1 changes from Medium to Low. This means ... Aflatoxin B1: changes in risk profile Spain The risk profile for Aflatoxin B1 for Spanish maize is changed from Low to ...
Ursolic acid inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenicity in a Salmonella assay system.
... which inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenicity in the Salmonella assay system. The number of revertants per plate was ... Aflatoxin B1 / toxicity*. Animals. Antimutagenic Agents / pharmacology*. Male. Plant Extracts / pharmacology. Rats. Rats, ... An attempt was made to isolate the active component of Eriobotrya japonica, which inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenicity in ... 0/Antimutagenic Agents; 0/Plant Extracts; 0/Triterpenes; 1162-65-8/Aflatoxin B1; 77-52-1/ursolic acid ...
Aflatoxin B1 organic compound molecule - Stock Image F016/9534 - Science Photo Library
Molecular model of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (C17.H12.O6), produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. This chemical is ... Caption: Aflatoxin B1. Molecular model of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (C17.H12.O6), produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. ... Keywords: aflatoxin b1, artwork, aspergillus flavus, ball and stick, ball-and-stick, chemical, chemical compound, chemistry, ...
Protection against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic toxicity as short-term screen of cancer chemopreventive dithiolethiones
Using selected dithiolethiones, studies were designed to measure protection against the hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) ... Protection against aflatoxin B1-induced hepatic toxicity as short-term screen of cancer chemopreventive dithiolethiones Fundam ... Using selected dithiolethiones, studies were designed to measure protection against the hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) ...
Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan | Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &...
Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan ... Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan. Hui-Chen Wu, Qiao Wang, Hwai-I Yang ... Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan ... Aflatoxin B1 Exposure, Hepatitis B Virus Infection, and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Taiwan ...
Molecular dosimetry of hepatic aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts: linear correlation with hepatic cancer risk
An analysis of hepatic aflatoxin B1-DNA adduct (HADA) concentrations in rats and trout demonstrated that the hepatic cancer ... Molecular dosimetry of hepatic aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts: linear correlation with hepatic cancer risk Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. ... An analysis of hepatic aflatoxin B1-DNA adduct (HADA) concentrations in rats and trout demonstrated that the hepatic cancer ... The minimum human virtual safe dose for aflatoxin was estimated to be 0.264 ng/kg/day on the basis of this approach. ...
Aflatoxin B1 ELISA - Krishgen Biosystems India
Aflatoxin belong to the strongest natural occurring carcinogenic substances, found in corn, peanuts, cotton seed, human blood ... Aflatoxin B1 ELISA Home / Food Safety Assays / Aflatoxin B1 ELISA Return to Previous Page ... The use of aflatoxin B1 ELISA kit to analyze aflatoxin B1 residue of samples is fast and accurate. Refer to the National ... Aflatoxin B1. Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of the fungi species Aspergillus flavus, parasiticus and nomius. Aflatoxins ...
Aflatoxin B1 Rapid - Krishgen Biosystems India
Excretion of Aflatoxin B1 as a glutathione conjugate | Springer for Research & Development
... treatment with Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) (2mg/kg) showed less than 40% of the radioactivity in the 24 h urine and... ... Aflatoxin B1 glutathione conjugation biliary and urinary excretion This is a preview of subscription content, log in to check ... Bassir, O. and Osiyemi, F. (1967) Biliary excretion of aflatoxin in the rat after a single dose. Nature 215, 882.CrossRefPubMed ... Acute and chronic effects of aflatoxin on the liver of Domestic and laboratory animals. A. review.PubMedGoogle Scholar ...
XRCC1 Polymorphisms: Effects on Aflatoxin B1-DNA Adducts and Glycophorin A Variant Frequency | Cancer Research
XRCC1 Polymorphisms: Effects on Aflatoxin B1-DNA Adducts and Glycophorin A Variant Frequency ... Hsieh L-L., Hsieh T-T. Detection of aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts in human placenta and cord blood. Cancer Res., 53: 1278-1280, 1993 ... XRCC1 Polymorphisms: Effects on Aflatoxin B1-DNA Adducts and Glycophorin A Variant Frequency. Ruth M. Lunn, Ronald G. Langlois ... Hsieh L-L., Hsu S. W., Chen D. S., Santella R. M. Immunological detection of aflatoxin B1-DNA adducts formed in vivo. Cancer ...
Aflatoxin b1 | Article about Aflatoxin b1 by The Free Dictionary
Find out information about Aflatoxin b1. Any of a group of secondary metabolites produced by the common molds Aspergillus ... flavus and A. parasiticus that cause a toxic response in vertebrates when... Explanation of Aflatoxin b1 ... aflatoxin. (redirected from Aflatoxin b1). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Acronyms.. Related to Aflatoxin b1: ... Aflatoxin b1 , Article about Aflatoxin b1 by The Free Dictionary https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Aflatoxin+b1 ...
RCSB PDB - 3PW7: Ternary complex of Aflatoxin B1 Adduct modified DNA (AFB1-N7-Gua) with DNA Polymerase IV and incoming dCTP
Ternary complex of Aflatoxin B1 Adduct modified DNA (AFB1-N7-Gua) with DNA Polymerase IV and incoming dCTP. *DOI: 10.2210/ ... 8,9-DIHYDRO-9-HYDROXY-AFLATOXIN B1. C17 H14 O7. GACWFTLPANAFAK-GVLSTKRJSA-N. Ligand Interaction. ... Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) is oxidized to an epoxide in vivo, which forms an N7-dG DNA adduct (AFB(1)-N7-dG). The AFB(1)-N7-dG can ... Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) is oxidized to an epoxide in vivo, which forms an N7-dG DNA adduct (AFB(1)-N7-dG). The AFB(1)-N7-dG can ...
RCSB PDB
- 1AG5: THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF AN AFLATOXIN B1 EPOXIDE ADDUCT AT THE N7 POSITION OF GUANINE OPPOSITE AN...
9-hydroxyaflatoxin B1 opposite CpA in the complementary strand of an oligodeoxynucleotide duplex as determined by 1H NMR. ... THE SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF AN AFLATOXIN B1 EPOXIDE ADDUCT AT THE N7 POSITION OF GUANINE OPPOSITE AN ADENINE IN THE COMPLEMENTARY ... 8,9-DIHYDRO-8-(N7-GUANYL)-9-HYDROXYAFLATOXIN B1 OPPOSITE CPA IN THE COMPLEMENTARY STRAND ... 8,9-DIHYDRO-8-(N7-GUANYL)-9-HYDROXYAFLATOXIN B1 OPPOSITE CPA IN THE COMPLEMENTARY STRAND ...
Simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone by magnetic nanoparticle filled amino-modified multi-walled carbon...
... method was explored for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZON) simultaneous determination. This method was based on a newly ... Simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone by magnetic nanoparticle filled amino-modified multi-walled carbon ... Simultaneous determination of aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone by magnetic nanoparticle filled amino-modified multi-walled carbon ... method was explored for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZON) simultaneous determination. This method was based on a newly ...
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Protective Effects of Sodium Selenite against Aflatoxin B1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in...
The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of sodium selenite on aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative ... Keywords: aflatoxin b1; sodium selenite; oxidative stress; apoptosis; spleen aflatoxin b1; sodium selenite; oxidative stress; ... The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of sodium selenite on aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative ... Protective Effects of Sodium Selenite against Aflatoxin B1-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in Broiler Spleen. Fengyuan ...
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Non-Linear Relationships between Aflatoxin B1 Levels and the Biological Response of Monkey Kidney...
... we developed quantitative methods for the detection of biologically active aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in Vero cells by two independent ... Once consumed, aflatoxins (AFs) accumulate in tissues, causing illnesses in animals and humans. Most human exposure to AF seems ... The policy of blending and dilution of grain containing higher levels of aflatoxins with uncontaminated grains for use in ... Aflatoxin-producing fungi contaminate food and feed during pre-harvest, storage and processing periods. ...
AFB1AspergillusMycotoxinsToxicityCarcinogenicExposure to aflatoxinContaminationAdductsSecondary metabolitesDetectionAdductMetabolism of aflatoxinHepatocellular carcinomaLiverFungalImmunoassayDetoxificationCarcinogenPresence of aflatoxinOccurrenceMaizeAntibodyToxinMetaboliteAnalysis of aflatoxinConjugateRatsAssaysHepaticPotentGlutathioneGrainsDeterminationAssayDietaryOxidative stressAdverse effects of aflatoxinParasiticusConjugationFungiCompoundsLactic Acid BacAcuteReduction of aflatoxinMutagenicZearalenone2016CarcinogensPoultryCerealsCropsELISA Test KitMutagenicity of aflatoxinContaminated foodMonoclonalConcentration of aflatoxinAmount of aflatoxins
AFB145
- aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). (thefreedictionary.com)
- In this study, we evaluated the applicability of qPCR for detecting genomic changes in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues by determining if a subset of 14 genes from a 90-gene signature derived from microarray data and associated with eventual tumor development could be detected in archival liver, kidney, and lung of rats exposed to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) for 90 days in feed at 1 ppm. (nih.gov)
- The aim of this study was to determine the airway exposure of sugar and papermaking factory workers to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and to explore the potential association between AFB1 airway exposure and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a case-control study. (springer.com)
- Aflatoxin B1 DNA (against the midazole ring-opened persistent form of the major N-7 guanine adduct of AFB1). (novusbio.com)
- Using selected dithiolethiones, studies were designed to measure protection against the hepatotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and relate it to the protection against carcinogenicity. (nih.gov)
- Aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) is one of the strongest carcinogenic chemicals currently known, the State AQSIQ stipulate that AFB1 is one of the must inspection material for most food. (krishgen.com)
- A novel magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was explored for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and zearalenone (ZON) simultaneous determination. (rsc.org)
- To develop a better understanding of the significance of low dose effects, in the present study, we developed quantitative methods for the detection of biologically active aflatoxin B 1 (AFB1) in Vero cells by two independent assays: the green fluorescent protein (GFP) assay, as a measure of protein synthesis by the cells, and the microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay, as a measure of cell viability. (mdpi.com)
- A study of liver apoptosis after aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) administration and the effect of melatonin (MEL) was investigated in male rats. (nel.edu)
- We developed a simple aptamer fluorescence assay for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) detection by using an array of capillaries. (rsc.org)
- Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic and common of the major types of aflatoxins. (frontiersin.org)
- Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic member of the aflatoxin family. (frontiersin.org)
- The present investigation was carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of probiotic fermented milk (FM) containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota, alone as well as in combination with chlorophyllin (CHL) as an antioxidant agent in male Wistar rats administered aflatoxin-B1 (AFB1). (fil-idf.org)
- This paper presents the synthesis, optimization and application of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) sorbent for the selective extraction and pre-concentration of the potent toxin, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), from the child weaning food, Tsabana (manufactured in Serowe, Botswana). (degruyter.com)
- As a food safety regulatory measure, Tsabana must be cleared of hazardous aflatoxins, especially AFB1, before consumption. (degruyter.com)
- This is because AFB1 is the most common and potent of the aflatoxins commonly found in cereals. (degruyter.com)
- The adverse effects of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) concentrations on duck laying performance regarding egg productivity, serum-hematological profiles and residue were investigated. (lrrd.org)
- There are four major aflatoxin analogues including aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), G1 (AFG1) and G2 (AFG2) of which AFB1 is the most toxic and detected worldwide (Monson et al 2015). (lrrd.org)
- Residues of AFB1 and the carry-over rate of aflatoxin into tissues and eggs were reported by Oliveira et al (2000) and Bintvihok et al (2002). (lrrd.org)
- In current study, different stabilizers were applied to stabilize a newly prepared conjugated molecule, Horseradish peroxidase-Bovine serum albumin-Aflatoxin B1 (HRP-BSA-AFB1). (sid.ir)
- This study was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding corns naturally contaminated with AflatoxinB1 (AFB1) on performance, serum biochemistry, liver histopathological changes and percentage of hepatocyte apoptosis of Cherry Valley Ducks. (scialert.net)
- Poultry are highly susceptible to the immunotoxic effects of the food-borne mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). (hku.hk)
- High concentrations of the carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are commonly found in respirable, airborne grain dusts, and inhaled AFB1 has been shown to be a risk factor for occupational pulmonary carcinogenesis. (usu.edu)
- Occupational exposures to respirable dusts contaminated with the mycotoxin aflatoxin b1 (AFB1) have been associated with an increased incidence of upper airway tumors. (usu.edu)
- A Fe3O4/GO based platform for aflatoxins B1 (AFB1) detection and a [email protected] based platform for ochratoxin A (OTA) detection were fabricated. (bvsalud.org)
- In this present work, an ultrasensitive electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was successfully developed based on an indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). (myjournals.org)
- Competition occurred between aflatoxin B1-bovine serum albumin (AFB1-BSA) and free AFB1 (in peanut sample and standard) for the binding site of a fixed amount of anti-AFB1 antibody. (myjournals.org)
- Can reduce the dialdehyde protein-binding form of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) to the non-binding AFB1 dialcohol. (creative-enzymes.com)
- Susceptibility and/or resistance to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a threshold trait governed principally by glutathione S transferase (GST)-mediated detoxification. (umn.edu)
- Consumption of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contaminated feed by poultry affects the health of broiler birds causing severe economic losses. (greenmedinfo.com)
- The initial process to prepare tortillas includes boiling maize grains with lime and to assumpt that AFs in maize tortillas are destroyed, protecting consumers from their mutagenic effects.The purpose of this study was to investigate the mutagenicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in tortillas during digestion. (scitechnol.com)
- In extremely toxic compounds include aflatoxins, particularly aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). (engormix.com)
- The degradation of AFB1 was examined using High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Electron spray ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS). The optimal temperature, time, and pH of the medium for the maximum degradation of Aflatoxin B1 were found to be 37 °C, 24 h and 7, respectively. (cftri.com)
- We examined the cellular immune status of 64 Ghanaians in relation to levels of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-albumin adducts in plasma. (edu.gh)
- In this study, we determined the effects of aqueous extracts of these four herbs on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced mutagenesis using Salmonella typhimurium TA100 as the bacterial tester strain and rat liver 9000 x g supernatant as the activation system. (heilpflanzen-welt.de)
- Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mutagenic and carcinogenic compound mainly produced by the Aspergillus parasiticus , A. flavus , A. nomius , A. tamari , and A. pseudotamarii . (ac.ir)
- This study was carried out to detect the presence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in samples of spices collected from Qaemshahr in Mazandaran province, Iran. (ac.ir)
- Conclusion: Although the concentration of AFB1 in the study samples was less than the maximum limit approved by the EU, the 100% Aflatoxin contamination of the samples could be a potential hazard for public health. (ac.ir)
- Abstract Aflatoxin B1 AFB1 is commonly found in cereals and animal feeds and causes a significant threat to the food industry and animal production. (duhnnae.com)
- This antibody is developed using aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-BSA as immunogen, and affinity purified with AFB1-agarose. (immunechem.com)
- This study aimed at determining the effects of different concentrations of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from Aspergillus flavus on in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation parameters using two experiments (Exp. (ac.ir)
- Prolonged dietary exposure to Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is one of the major risk factors for the development of primary liver cancer or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (edu.gh)
- This study assessed the binding of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) from contaminated solution by 20 strains of lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria. (hku.hk)
- In this study, a rapid and sensitive gold nanoparticle (AuNP) immunochromatographic strip is produced for detecting aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in suspicious fungi-contaminated food samples. (tudublin.ie)
- however, their role in genic toxicity related to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), such as TP53 mutation and DNA damage, has not yet been evaluated. (intechopen.com)
Aspergillus20
- Aflatoxin B1 is an aflatoxin produced by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus. (wikipedia.org)
- While toxicity of its products, aflatoxins, are explored throughout this article, Aspergillus flavus itself also exerts pathogenic effects through aspergillosis, or infection with the mold. (wikipedia.org)
- Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. (nih.gov)
- H. Ma, N. Zhang, L. Sun, and D. Qi, "Effects of different substrates and oils on aflatoxin B 1 production by Aspergillus parasiticus ," European Food Research and Technology , vol. 240, no. 3, pp. 627-634, 2014. (hindawi.com)
- C. P. Woloshuk, J. R. Cavaletto, and T. E. Cleveland, "Inducers of aflatoxin biosynthesis from colonized maize kernels are generated by an amylase activity from Aspergillus flavus ," Phytopathology , vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 164-169, 1997. (hindawi.com)
- N. D. Davis and U. L. Diener, "Growth and aflatoxin production by Aspergillus parasiticus from various carbon sources," Applied Microbiology , vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 158-159, 1968. (hindawi.com)
- Aflatoxin is a naturally occurring mycotoxin produced by two types of mold: Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. (novusbio.com)
- Molecular model of the mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (C17.H12.O6), produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. (sciencephoto.com)
- Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of the fungi species Aspergillus flavus, parasiticus and nomius. (krishgen.com)
- The relative proportions of the four major aflatoxins synthesized by Aspergillus reflect the genetic constitution of the producing strain and the parameters associated with fungal growth. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of certain Aspergillus species, that contaminate staple foods, particularly in developing countries. (frontiersin.org)
- Out of about 20 known aflatoxins, the moulds Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus produce exclusively aflatoxin B1, B2, G1 and G2, and all the other aflatoxins are derivates of these four. (rapidtest.com)
- Aflatoxin is a carcinogenic and mutagenic metabolite which is produced by the fungal strains of Aspergillus spp. (lrrd.org)
- Thus, a considerable research effort has focused on prevention strategies to reduce the impact of aflatoxin-induced HCC, including postharvest mitigation of food contamination by the mold Aspergillus flavus that forms aflatoxin ( 3 ) and dietary change to foodstuffs less prone to fungal contaminations ( 4 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- Aspergillus flavus is an opportunistic pathogen and may produce aflatoxins in maize, one of the most important crops in Argentina. (usda.gov)
- The age of Aspergillus parasiticus (1-11-105Wh1) mycelium was found to have an influence on the level of enzymes, responsible for the conversion of sterigmatocystin to aflatoxin B[1] and O-methylsterigmatocystin, present. (ukzn.ac.za)
- This study explored the potential use of antifungal compounds, produced by Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus paracasei, for growth inhibition and subsequent aflatoxin B1 production from select strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites of major concern to the food industry, generally produced by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius. (prognosis-biotech.com)
- Aflatoxins are a group of carcinogenic compounds produced by Aspergillus fungi that can grow on different agricultural crops. (qub.ac.uk)
- Aflatoxin is a widely occurring and harmful mycotoxin produced by strains of Aspergillus species that grow on vegetable matter. (thefreedictionary.com)
Mycotoxins13
- Aflatoxins are a group of highly toxic mycotoxins with high carcinogenicity that are commonly found in foods. (frontiersin.org)
- Aflatoxins belong to the class of mycotoxins. (rapidtest.com)
- Aflatoxins are the strongest mycotoxins, which act primarily in a hepatotoxic and carcinogenic way. (rapidtest.com)
- 2008). Food contaminated with mycotoxins, particularly with aflatoxins, a subcategory, can cause sometimes fatal acute illness and are associated with cancer risk. (usda.gov)
- One of the most toxic groups of mycotoxins are the aflatoxins ( 20 , 47 ), and aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), the most toxic and carcinogenic of the naturally occurring aflatoxins, has been classified as a class 1A human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer ( 20 ). (asm.org)
- Two Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains, GG and LC-705, were the most efficient strains in binding a range of mycotoxins, including aflatoxins ( 6 , 9 , 10 , 18 , 28 , 29 ). (asm.org)
- Our previous work with lactic acid bacteria revealed that the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (ATCC 53013) efficiently binds several mycotoxins, including aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and aflatoxin M 1 (AFM 1 ), its hydroxylated metabolite, in vitro ( 6 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 19 ). (asm.org)
- Animal feeds are frequently contaminated with mycotoxins, with aflatoxin the most common mycotoxin found in tropical climates. (lrrd.org)
- Aflatoxins are a group of toxic agents belonging to the category of mycotoxins. (ac.ir)
- Aflatoxins are a large group of highly toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic mycotoxins produced by specific species of fungi. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Aflatoxin B1 is the most harmful among the mycotoxins commonly present in food and feed, and it may lead to hepatocellular carcinoma in humans and animals. (cftri.com)
- The comparison of the experimental data for three mycotoxins studied (e.g. aflatoxin B1, T-2 mycotoxin, and zearalenone) confirmed a common mechanism of the sensitivity boost due to the aggregation of hydrophobic molecules of mycotoxins in aqueous solutions. (shu.ac.uk)
- The acute toxicity, carcinogenicity, and metabolism of sterigmatocystin has been compared with those for aflatoxin and several other hepatotoxic mycotoxins. (wikipedia.org)
Toxicity6
- The liver is the most susceptible organ to aflatoxin B1 toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
- The concept of reactive electrophilic metabolites in chemical carcino-genesis: Recent results with aromatic amines, safrole and as aflatoxin B 1 In Biological Reactive intermediates: formation, toxicity and interactions Edited by Jollow, D.J. Kocsis, J.J. Synder, R. and Vainio, T.J., 6-24 Plenum press, N. York, London. (springer.com)
- Aflatoxins have high toxicity and carcinogenicity. (frontiersin.org)
- The four main aflatoxins show a different toxicity. (rapidtest.com)
- Christopher McKean, Lili Tang, Madhavi Billam, Meng Tang, Christopher W. Theodorakis, Ronald J. Kendall and Jia-Sheng Wang, "Comparative acute and combinative toxicity of aflatoxin B1 and T-2 toxin in animals and immortalized human cell lines", J. Appl. (toxbank.net)
- Resveratrol diets enhanced antioxidant status of birds indicating the protective effect of resveratrol against aflatoxin B1-induced toxicity. (greenmedinfo.com)
Carcinogenic5
- Aflatoxins belong to the strongest natural occurring carcinogenic substances, commonly found in corn, peanuts, cotton seed, human blood and animal feed.Aflatoxin B1 appears nearly in all cases together with Aflatoxin B2, G1 and G2 and it is the analyte with the highest toxic significance. (krishgen.com)
- Aflatoxins are toxic and carcinogenic fungal metabolites that frequently contaminate staple crops ( 1 ). (asm.org)
- Experimental lung carcinogenic in vivo study of aflatoxin G1 in NIH mice]. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Aflatoxin B1 is a food borne mycotoxin which is carcinogenic to both humans and animals. (immunechem.com)
- Oral doses of calcium montmorillonite clay reduced urinary biomarkers and bioavailability of Fumonisin B1 and aflatoxin, two contaminants of grain that are carcinogenic. (greenmedinfo.com)
Exposure to aflatoxin6
- Occupational exposure to aflatoxin B1 has also been reported in swine and poultry production. (wikipedia.org)
- An isotope dilution mass spectrometry based method (LC-MS/MS triple quadrupole MS using electrospray ionization) was used for routine quantitation of AFB-lys as a measure of individual exposure to aflatoxin B1. (cdc.gov)
- These data are suggestive of a beneficial role of GG against dietary exposure to aflatoxin. (asm.org)
- High concentrations and long-term exposure to aflatoxin manifest as histopathological alteration through an enlarged and fatty liver, hepatocellular necrosis, bile duct proliferation and hepatocellular carcinoma (Bintvihok 2001, Rawal et al 2010, Siloto et al 2011). (lrrd.org)
- Effects of maternal exposure to aflatoxin B1 during pregnancy on fertility output of dams and developmental, behavioral and reproductive consequences in female offspring using a rat model. (semanticscholar.org)
- Occupational exposure to Aflatoxin B1 in Portuguese swine. (unl.pt)
Contamination14
- Several sampling and analytical methods including thin-layer chromatography (TLC), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), among others, have been used to test for aflatoxin B1 contamination in foods. (wikipedia.org)
- While aflatoxin B1 contamination is common in many staple foods, its production is maximized in foods stored in hot, humid climates. (wikipedia.org)
- Corn, rice, cottonseed, and peanuts are the major crops regularly displaying high levels of aflatoxin contamination. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Several commercially feasible methods of ammoniation have been developed for reducing levels of aflatoxin contamination in animal feeds. (thefreedictionary.com)
- 1996).. The above described issues of mycotoxin contamination is a nation-wide problem within USA and needs to be addressed with novel strategies and intelligent research initiatives.ObjectivesThe strategic objective of this research project is to operationally define and engrain within the consortium through disciplined implementation, a holistic Roadmap for accelerating the innovation process in irradiation research for aflatoxins detoxification. (usda.gov)
- Experiments were performed under simulated conditions at low-level aflatoxin contamination commonly found in natural feedstuff with sub-chronic ingestion. (lrrd.org)
- In Thailand, low-level contamination of aflatoxin in poultry feed is frequently found (Kavisarasai 2010), possibly due to Thai animal feed regulations which limit the toxin concentration to below 0.03-0.1 mg/kg. (lrrd.org)
- The methods were validated for peanut matrix as this crop is one of the most affected by aflatoxin contamination. (qub.ac.uk)
- O'Riordan MJ, Wilkinson MG. A survey of the incidence and level of aflatoxin contamination in a range of imported spice preparations on the Irish retail market. (ac.ir)
- Aflatoxin contamination in chillies from Punjab Pakistan with reference to climate change. (ac.ir)
- However, the commodities with the highest risk of aflatoxin contamination are corn, peanuts, and cottonseed. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Modelling climatic risks of aflatoxin contamination in maize. (ac.ir)
- Aflatoxin contamination of commercial maize products during an outbreak of acute aflatoxicosis in eastern and central Kenya. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Select topics are presented here to provide a snapshot of current understanding of the occurrence and metabolism of aflatoxin B1, the contamination, exposure, and detection of aflatoxin B1, and the toxicological effects and detoxification of aflatoxin. (intechopen.com)
Adducts7
- Measurement of concentrations (ng/mL) of aflatoxin B1-lysine, derived from aflatoxin B1-albumin adducts, in a 2,104 serum sample subset of NHANES 1999-2000. (cdc.gov)
- 2005) was used to assess aflatoxin-albumin adducts in serum. (cdc.gov)
- Aflatoxin B1 adducts were hydrolyzed from serum albumin using enzymatic digestion with pronase which was incubated in a 40°C water bath for 4 hours or overnight at 37°C. Once digestion was complete, samples were transferred to an automated solid phase extraction (SPE) system. (cdc.gov)
- AFB-lys eluted 0.02±0.01 min after the internal standard in the QC pools which were known to contain aflatoxin B1-albumin adducts and similarly, 0.02±0.02 min after the internal standard in the unknown NHANES samples. (cdc.gov)
- In both cases, significant, but incomplete reductions in levels of hepatic aflatoxin-derived DNA adducts were observed in parallel cohorts of animals. (aacrjournals.org)
- Human exposure to the hepatocarcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B 1 results in modification of serum albumin lysine ε-amino residues to form lysine-aflatoxin adducts. (elsevier.com)
- Aflatoxin is metabolized to a reactive epoxide that forms adducts with DNA and protein lysine groups. (toxbank.net)
Secondary metabolites2
- Aflatoxins (AFs) are secondary metabolites of fungi (e.g. (hindawi.com)
- In laboratory cultures, aflatoxins are biosynthesized after active growth has ceased, as is typical for secondary metabolites. (thefreedictionary.com)
Detection20
- Detection and estimation of aflatoxin B1 in feeds and its biodegradation by bacteria and fungi. (thefreedictionary.com)
- A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system with ultraviolet detection was calibrated using 2 nanograms (ng), 4ng, and 8ng of aflatoxin-B1. (cdc.gov)
- Thin-layer chromatography has been a common method of aflatoxin detection, but sample preparation and samples analysis of this method is time-consuming and exhausting. (krishgen.com)
- A total of 65 poultry feed samples were examined for the detection of aflatoxin (aflatoxin B 1 and aflatoxin B 2 ) using thin layer chromatography (TLC). (nepjol.info)
- ELISA is one of the sensitive methods for detection of aflatoxins. (sid.ir)
- Preparation and stabilizing of a proper conjugated tracer for detection of aflatoxins is probably the main step for designing an ELISA method. (sid.ir)
- A colorimetric biosensor for simultaneous ochratoxin A and aflatoxins B1 detection in agricultural products. (bvsalud.org)
- The Effect of Different Stabilizers on Stability of Horseradish Peroxidase- Bovine Serum Albumin-Aflatoxin B1, a Conjugated Tracer for Detection of Aflatoxin B1 in Immunoassay-Based Methods', Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research , Volume 6(Number 3), pp. 179-184. (ac.ir)
- Farzamfar, B., Bayanolhagh, S., Mahboudi, F., Zahrai, M. The Effect of Different Stabilizers on Stability of Horseradish Peroxidase- Bovine Serum Albumin-Aflatoxin B1, a Conjugated Tracer for Detection of Aflatoxin B1 in Immunoassay-Based Methods. (ac.ir)
- This work developed a UHPLC-MS/MS method for the detection and quantitation of aflatoxins in smokeless tobacco products, which was then used to determine aflatoxin B1 concentrations in 32 smokeless tobacco products commercially available in the United States. (cdc.gov)
- Bio-Shield Aflatoxin B1 is an ELISA test for the detection of Aflatoxin B1 in grains, nuts, cottonseeds, cereals and other commodities including animal feeds. (prognosis-biotech.com)
- Bio-Shield Aflatoxin B1 Optimum Performance is an ELISA test for the quantitative detection of Aflatoxin B1 in grains, cereals, spices, oil and animal feeds. (prognosis-biotech.com)
- Bio-Shield Aflatoxin B1 Optimum Performance is an ELISA test for the quantitative detection of Aflatoxin B1 in grains, cereals, spices, oil and animal feeds and baby food ingredients. (prognosis-biotech.com)
- In order to provide new tools for aflatoxin screening two prototype fast ELISA methods: one for the detection of aflatoxin B 1 and the other for total aflatoxins were developed. (qub.ac.uk)
- The detection capabilities of aflatoxin B 1 and total aflatoxins ELISAs were 0.4 μg/kg and 0.3 μg/kg for aflatoxin B 1 , respectively, which are one of the lowest reported values. (qub.ac.uk)
- Total aflatoxins ELISA was also validated for the detection of aflatoxins B 2 , G 1 and G 2 . (qub.ac.uk)
- Garden, SR & Strachan, NJC 2001, ' Novel colorimetric immunoassay for the detection of aflatoxin B-1 ', Analytica Chimica Acta , vol. 444, pp. 187-191. (elsevier.com)
- The method of spectroscopic ellipsometry in total internal reflection mode (TIRE) was utilised for detection of Aflatoxin B1. (shu.ac.uk)
- The method of TIRE with the improved data analysis was capable of detection of aflatoxin molecules in low concentrations (down to 0.04 ng/ml) using a label-free and cost-effective direct immunoassay format. (shu.ac.uk)
- His research focuses on the analysis of aflatoxin toxification and detection, hepatocellular carcinoma genetics, molecular mechanisms, epidemiology, and tumor susceptibility. (intechopen.com)
Adduct3
- Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)) is oxidized to an epoxide in vivo, which forms an N7-dG DNA adduct (AFB(1)-N7-dG). (rcsb.org)
- The remarkable efficacy of CDDO-Im as an anticarcinogen is established even in the face of a significant aflatoxin adduct burden. (aacrjournals.org)
- A fermented milk drink containing Lactobacillus casei Shirota could reduce serum aflatoxin B1-lysine adduct concentrations. (greenmedinfo.com)
Metabolism of aflatoxin3
- Garner, R.C. Miller, E.C. and Miller, J.A. (1972) Liver microsomal metabolism of aflatoxin B 1 to a reactive derivative toxic to Salmonella Typhimurium TA 1530 Cancer Res. (springer.com)
- Dutton, "Cellular Interactions and Metabolism of Aflatoxin: An Update", Pharmac. (toxbank.net)
- Chinese medicinal herbs modulate mutagenesis, DNA binding and metabolism of aflatoxin B1. (heilpflanzen-welt.de)
Hepatocellular carcinoma5
- Aflatoxin B1 is considered the most toxic aflatoxin and it is highly implicated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Aflatoxin B1 exposure may be a potential etiological agent in hepatocellular carcinoma. (novusbio.com)
- Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is a known carcinogen associated with early-onset hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is thought to contribute to over half a million new HCCs per year. (elsevier.com)
- Current Trends in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Aflatoxin B1, Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. (toxbank.net)
- Epidemiological evidence has been supporting a relationship between dietary aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) exposure, development of human primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene. (elsevier.com)
Liver15
- In animal studies, pathological lesions associated with aflatoxin B1 intoxication include reduction in weight of liver, vacuolation of hepatocytes, and hepatic carcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
- In the liver, aflatoxin B1 is metabolized to aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide by the cytochrome P450 enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
- In the present study, the prophylactic and curative effect of black tea (unfermented black tea) and kombucha black tea (KBT) on aflatoxin B 1 induced liver damage was studied in male albino rats by analyzing hepatotoxicity markers (aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gammaglutamyl transpeptidase), lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase). (springer.com)
- Caspase-3 and heat shock protein-70 in rat liver treated with aflatoxin B,: Effect of melatonin. (springer.com)
- Acute and chronic effects of aflatoxin on the liver of Domestic and laboratory animals. (springer.com)
- Garner, R.C. (1973) Chemical evidence for the forma-tion of a reactive aflatoxin B 1 metabolite, by hamster liver microsomes. (springer.com)
- Aflatoxin B 1 is the most potent hepatocarcinogenic agent known, although the liver by no means is the only organ susceptible to aflatoxin carcinogenesis. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Aflatoxin B1 induces apoptosis in rat liver: protective effect of melatonin. (nel.edu)
- Aflatoxin has a marked effect on liver and serum enzyme activities. (lrrd.org)
- Glutathione (GSH) conjugation of microsome-mediated and synthetic aflatoxin B-1 (AFB-1)-epoxide and styrene oxide has been studied with purified glutathione transferases (GSTs) from mouse and hamster liver cytosols. (eurekamag.com)
- High expression of the aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 )-8,9-epoxide-conjugating glutathione S -transferase A3 (mGSTA3) subunit in mouse liver confers intrinsic resistance to AFB 1 hepatocarcinogenesis. (aspetjournals.org)
- Aflatoxin B1 exposure increases the risk for primary liver cancer in north Indian population. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Aflatoxin exposure contributes to the development of primary liver cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis. (greenmedinfo.com)
- There is evidence that aflatoxin exposure plays a role in the pathogenesis of liver cancer in the US population. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Although it is a potent liver carcinogen similar to aflatoxin B1, current knowledge suggests that it is nowhere near as widespread in its occurrence. (wikipedia.org)
Fungal3
- Gene expression is coordinated during aflatoxin production and is under the control of a positive regulatory gene belonging to a family of fungal transcriptional activators associated with various metabolic pathways in fungi. (nih.gov)
- Aflatoxins are a group of fungal toxic metabolites, which are contaminated certain food commodities. (sid.ir)
- Animals are exposed to aflatoxins by consumption of feeds that are contaminated by aflatoxin producing fungal strains during growth, harvest or storage. (prognosis-biotech.com)
Immunoassay2
- Diagnostic Automation Inc. offers an Aflatoxin B1 Food ELISA Kit that is an Enzyme Immunoassay for the Quantitative determination of Aflatoxin B1 in Food. (rapidtest.com)
- Competitive immunoassay-validated hapten-carrier conjugates [BSA-Aflatoxin B1(B1)]with anti-Hapten antibody. (genemedi.net)
Detoxification5
- Biological detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Bacillus licheniformis CFR1. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Intervention approaches at the individual level use either sorbent materials to prevent aflatoxin absorption in the gastrointestinal tract (enterosorption) or compounds that alter activation or detoxification of AFB 1 (chemoprotection) ( 48 ). (asm.org)
- Detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 by Antifungal Compounds from Lactobacillus brevis and Lactobacillus paracasei, Isolated from Dairy Products. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Thus, B. licheniformis CFR1 might be an excellent candidate for bioremediation and detoxification of Aflatoxin B1 from both field and food matrices. (cftri.com)
- Aflatoxin detoxification potential of lactic acid bacteria isolated from Iranian poultry. (ac.ir)
Carcinogen5
- Preparation of 8 9-epoxide of aflatoxin B1 the ultimate carcinogen species. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Aflatoxin is listed as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. (thefreedictionary.com)
- In experimental animals and humans, aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is a potent hepatic toxin and carcinogen. (aacrjournals.org)
- Glutathione-S-transferase-catalyzed conjugation of glutathione (GSH) to aflatoxin B1-8,9-epoxide plays an important role in preventing binding of this ultimate carcinogen to target macromolecules. (semanticscholar.org)
- It has been suggested that sterigmatocystin is about 1/10 as potent a carcinogen as aflatoxin B1. (wikipedia.org)
Presence of aflatoxin3
- This means that maize from Croatia and Spain needs to be analysed less frequently, because the risk of the presence of Aflatoxin B1 is virtually non-existent. (allaboutfeed.net)
- Using competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 497 maize, 205 millet and 164 sorghum samples were screened for the presence of aflatoxin B1. (cgiar.org)
- Accurate and rapid determination of the presence of aflatoxin in commodities is of paramount importance. (prognosis-biotech.com)
Occurrence3
- This study investigated the occurrence of aflatoxins in maize, millet and sorghum from five counties in Kenya (Kwale, Isiolo, Tharaka-Nithi, Kisii and Bungoma) representing four agro-ecological zones (AEZs). (cgiar.org)
- Due to the high occurrence of aflatoxins in crops worldwide fast and cost-effective analytical methods are required for the identification of contaminated agricultural commodities before they are processed into final products and placed on the market. (qub.ac.uk)
- Occurrence of aflatoxin M 1 in cheese samples from Tehran, Iran. (ac.ir)
Maize5
- GMP+ International adjusted the risk profile for Aflatoxin B1 for maize. (allaboutfeed.net)
- When uploading this information, please make sure that the origin of the maize is entered correctly and that the levels of Aflatoxin detected are entered with the correct unit (mg/kg). (allaboutfeed.net)
- Overall, 76% of maize, 64% of millet and 60% of sorghum samples were positive for aflatoxin B1. (cgiar.org)
- Of these, the proportion of samples with aflatoxin B1 levels above the Kenya Bureau of Standards limit of five parts per billion was 26% for maize, 10% for millet and 11% for sorghum. (cgiar.org)
- Total aflatoxins ELISA was further applied to analyse naturally contaminated maize porridge and distiller's dried grain with solubles samples and the results were correlated with these obtained by UHPLC-MS/MS method. (qub.ac.uk)
Antibody6
- There are currently no images for Aflatoxin B1 Antibody (NB600-443B). (novusbio.com)
- This Aflatoxin B1 antibody is useful for ELISA, Immunohistochemistry, Immunocytochemistry/Immunofluorescence and Western blot. (novusbio.com)
- Immobilized and free aflatoxin B1 compete for the antibody binding sites. (rapidtest.com)
- Small volumes of anti-Aflatoxins B1+B2+G1+G2 antibody vial(s) may occasionally become entrapped in the seal of the product vial during shipment and storage. (xlbiotec.com)
- The antibody recognizes aflatoxin B1 specifically. (immunechem.com)
- The hapten hapten-carrier conjugates [BSA-Aflatoxin B1(B1)] had been validated with our anti-Hapten antibody[Anti-Aflatoxin B1(B1) mouse monoclonal antibody] via competitive ELISA test. (genemedi.net)
Toxin4
- Microsomal Monooxygenases biotransform the toxin to the less toxic metabolites Aflatoxin M1 and Q1. (online-medical-dictionary.org)
- When animals are fed grain or feed contaminated with the toxin, aflatoxin B1 is converted by hydroxylation to aflatoxin M1, which is subsequently secreted in the milk of lactating cows. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) is a contaminant of grain and fruit and has one of the highest levels of carcinogenicity of any natural toxin. (mdpi.com)
- This Aflatoxin B1 Food ELISA Kit is a quick, economical, and sensitive Food Toxin ELISA Kit which is designed to detect Aflatoxin B1 in food. (rapidtest.com)
Metabolite2
- Aflatoxin B1 exo-8,9-epoxide is a toxic metabolite of aflatoxin B1. (wikipedia.org)
- Sterigmatocystin is a toxic metabolite structurally closely related to the aflatoxins, and consists of a xanthone nucleus attached to a bifuran structure. (wikipedia.org)
Analysis of aflatoxin1
- Development and optimization of a supercritical fluid extraction method for the analysis of aflatoxin b1 in grain dust. (cdc.gov)
Conjugate2
- Free aflatoxin in sample solutions and the immobilized antigen compete for aflatoxin enzyme conjugate. (krishgen.com)
- An aflatoxin conjugate is bound on the surface of a microtiter plate. (rapidtest.com)
Rats7
- Abdel-Wahhab MA and Ahy SE (2003) Antioxidants and radical scavenging properties of vegetable extracts in rats fed aflatoxin contaminated diet. (springer.com)
- Ip SP, Mak DH, Li PC, Poon MK, and Ko KM (1996) Effect of a lignan enriched extract of Schisandra chinensis on aflatoxin B 1 and cadmium chloride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. (springer.com)
- Jodynis-Liebert J, Matlawska I, Bylka W, and Murias M (2006) Protective effect of Aquilegia vulgaris L. on aflatoxin B1 induced hepatic damage in rats. (springer.com)
- Wogan, G.N., Edwards, G.S. Shank, R.C. (1967) Excretion and Tissue Distribution of Radioactivity from aflatoxin B 1 - 14 C in rats cancer Res. (springer.com)
- In this study, the modulation of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) uptake in rats by administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG was demonstrated. (asm.org)
- Initial cancer prevention bioassays in aflatoxin-treated rats utilizing the antischistosomal drug oltipraz demonstrated reductions in the incidence of HCC from 20% to 0% when low doses of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) were used ( 5 ) and from 83% to 48% when a higher total dose of AFB 1 and a longer duration of dosing was used ( 6 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- On the basis of this unparalleled potency of CDDO-Im, we used a subchronic aflatoxin dosing regimen in a lifetime bioassay in F344 rats to assess protective efficacy against hepatocarcinogenesis. (aacrjournals.org)
Assays1
- The naturally occurring aflatoxins are identified in physicochemical assays as intensely blue (aflatoxins B 1 and B 2 ) or blue-green (aflatoxins G 1 and G 2 ) fluorescent compounds under long-wave ultraviolet light. (thefreedictionary.com)
Hepatic3
- therefore, this study determined the time-course effects of acute aflatoxin exposure on hepatic mitochondrial lipids and oxidative stress. (frontiersin.org)
- More recently, the synthetic oleanane triterpenoid 1-[2-cyano-3-,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]imidazole (CDDO-Im) has been shown to inhibit aflatoxin-induced tumorigenesis in the rat as evidenced by a significant reduction in hepatic focal burden of glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P-positive foci) preneoplastic lesions ( 9 ). (aacrjournals.org)
- The primary target of aflatoxins is the hepatic system. (toxbank.net)
Potent3
- Aflatoxins are potent molecules with many biological effects. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG is able to bind the potent hepatocarcinogen aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) and thus potentially restrict its rapid absorption from the intestine. (asm.org)
- Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ), a potent hepatocarcinogen, enhances ROS formation and causes oxidative DNA damage, which may play a role in its carcinogenicity. (oup.com)
Glutathione3
- Emerole G.O., Neskovic, N. and Dixon, R.L. (1979) The detoxication of aflatoxin B 1 with glutathione. (springer.com)
- ATP-dependent transport of aflatoxin B1 and its glutathione conjugates by the product of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP) gene. (semanticscholar.org)
- Kevin D. Raney, David J. Meyer, Brian Ketterer, Thomas M. Harris, and F. Peter Guengerich, "Glutathione Conjugation of Aflatoxin B1 exo- and endo-Epoxides by Rat and Human Glutathione S-Transferases", Chem. (toxbank.net)
Grains5
- Dietary exposure to high levels of aflatoxin B1 in grains is linked to the high incidence of hepatocellular carcinomas reported in Africa and China. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The policy of blending and dilution of grain containing higher levels of aflatoxins with uncontaminated grains for use in animal feed implicitly assumes that the deleterious effects of low levels of the toxins are linearly correlated to concentration. (mdpi.com)
- A. flavus , main producer of aflatoxins, is common and widespread in nature and is most often found when certain grains are grown under stressful conditions such as drought (4). (ac.ir)
- Aflatoxins can be present in grains, nuts, cottonseed and other commodities associated with human food or animal feed. (prognosis-biotech.com)
- During field tests in the Mississippi Delta from 2001 to 2004, inoculation of grains with K49 dramatically reduced aflatoxin levels in corn (see "Protecting Corn From Aflatoxin ," Agricultural Research, September 2010, pp. (thefreedictionary.com)
Determination5
- A reliable and rapid method has been developed for the determination of aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) in four kinds of feedstuffs comprising broken rice, peanuts, corn, and fishmeal. (hindawi.com)
- Ardic M, Karakaya Y, Atasever M, Durmaz H. Determination of aflatoxin B(1) levels in deep-red ground pepper (isot) using immunoaffinity column combined with ELISA. (ac.ir)
- Pournourmohammadi Sh, Ansari M, Nezakati Alfata L, Kazemipour M, Hasibi M. Determination of Aflatoxin M 1 in Pasteurized Milk Consumed in Kerman Province. (ac.ir)
- Mo'ricz AM, Fatér Z, Otta KH, Tyiha'k E. Overpressured layer chromatographic determination of aflatoxin B 1 , B 2 , G 1 and G 2 in red paprika. (ac.ir)
- It appears to occur much less frequently than the aflatoxins, although analytical methods for its determination have not been as sensitive until recently, and so it is possible that small concentrations in food commodities may not always have been detected. (wikipedia.org)
Assay4
- Ursolic acid inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenicity in a Salmonella assay system. (biomedsearch.com)
- An attempt was made to isolate the active component of Eriobotrya japonica, which inhibits aflatoxin B1-induced mutagenicity in the Salmonella assay system. (biomedsearch.com)
- The Aflatoxin B1 Food ELISA Kit is a quantitative test based on the principle of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. (rapidtest.com)
- Tavakoli HR, Kamkar A, Riazipour M, Mozaffari Nejad S, Rafati Shaldehi H. Assessment of Aflatoxin M 1 Levels by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay in Yoghurt Consumed in Tehran, Iran. (ac.ir)
Dietary2
- According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), the worldwide maximum tolerated levels of aflatoxin B1 was reported to be in the range of 1-20 μg/kg in food, and 5-50 μg/kg in dietary cattle feed in 2003. (wikipedia.org)
- In West Africa, dietary aflatoxin exposure is frequent and occurs at high levels ( 12 , 13 , 38 - 42 ) and has been associated with growth faltering ( 12 , 13 , 39 ) and immune suppression ( 39 ) in exposed children. (asm.org)
Oxidative stress1
- The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective role of sodium selenite on aflatoxin B 1 -induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in spleen of broilers. (mdpi.com)
Adverse effects of aflatoxin1
- Considering the multiple adverse effects of aflatoxin exposure, the reduction of intestinal uptake and transport to the body are of major interest to reduce or prevent toxic events. (asm.org)
Parasiticus2
- Since A. flavus and A. parasiticus are nearly ubiquitous in the natural environment, numerous other grain, legume, nut, and spice crops, as well as coffee and cocoa, have been reported to contain aflatoxins. (thefreedictionary.com)
- L. brevis exhibited the highest reduction of aflatoxin B1 production by A. flavus and A. parasiticus, 96.31 and 90.43%, respectively. (greenmedinfo.com)
Conjugation1
- The method is implemented as follows: aflatoxin B1, prepared by conjugation with a carrier protein and the creation of an emulsion through the addition of conjugation. (all.biz)
Fungi2
Compounds2
- The antifungal compounds produced by L. brevis and L. paracasei were active in a wide range of pH, heat stable and inactivated by proteolytic enzymes (protease K and trypsin A). The expression of Omt-A gene that involved in the later step of aflatoxin production was evaluated by real-time PCR. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Background & Aims: Aflatoxins are a group of toxic compounds found in most plant products such as pistachio, corn, spices, wheat, and rice. (ac.ir)
Lactic Acid Bac1
- 250 strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from either dairy products or healthy human microbiota revealed that the efficacy of aflatoxin binding was highly variable depending on the genus and strain of bacteria. (asm.org)
Acute2
- Both chronical and acute intoxications are effected by aflatoxins. (rapidtest.com)
- Acute aflatoxin exposure can cause death and disease (aflatoxicosis) in humans. (cdc.gov)
Reduction of aflatoxin1
- It may also function as a detoxication enzyme in the reduction of aflatoxin B1 and 2-carboxybenzaldehyde. (nih.gov)
Mutagenic1
- citation needed] In animals, aflatoxin B1 has also been shown to be mutagenic, teratogenic, and to cause immunosuppression. (wikipedia.org)
Zearalenone1
- Mycoflora and incidence of aflatoxin B1 , zearalenone and deoxynivalenol in poultry feeds in Argentina. (thefreedictionary.com)
20161
- 2016. "Bioactivation and Regioselectivity of Pig Cytochrome P450 3A29 towards Aflatoxin B 1 . (mdpi.com)
Carcinogens1
- Given the potential of aflatoxins as human carcinogens and their known activity as toxins in animal feeds, many international regulatory agencies monitor aflatoxin levels in susceptible crops. (thefreedictionary.com)
Poultry1
- In poultry production, aflatoxicosis as the poisoning that results from ingesting aflatoxins has a significant impact on health by increasing the mortality rate, reducing the absorption of nutrients, feed intake and growth rate, impairing the immune function and decreasing performance. (lrrd.org)
Cereals1
- 4] Kaaya A.N., Management of aflatoxins in cereals, legumes and tubers, In: AT Uganda Ltd., Final technical report CPP R8435 (ZA0653) and R8442 (ZA0666) appendix 12, 2009. (degruyter.com)
Crops2
- The commodities contaminated by aflatoxins range from daily foodstuffs to crops. (frontiersin.org)
- Crops may be contaminated with aflatoxin B1. (prognosis-biotech.com)
ELISA Test Kit1
- Diagnostic Automation Inc. offers several popular Food ELISA Test Kits: Chloramphenicol ELISA Kit, Fumonisin ELISA Kit, Streptomycin ELISA Kit, Aflatoxin M1 ELISA Kit, Penicillin ELISA Kit, Histamine ELISA Kit, and Verotoxin Antigen in Food ELISA Test Kit. (rapidtest.com)
Mutagenicity of aflatoxin1
- Buch, JK , Buch, S & Dave, PJ 1982, ' Microsome-mediated mutagenicity of aflatoxin B 1 in Bacillus megaterium SJ-6 his - ', FEMS Microbiology Letters , vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 349-352. (elsevier.com)
Contaminated food2
- Aflatoxin B1 is mostly found in contaminated food and humans are exposed to aflatoxin B1 almost entirely through their diet. (wikipedia.org)
- Aflatoxin-contaminated food is a public health concern. (cgiar.org)
Monoclonal1
- The monoclonal antibodies were characterized and two antibodies showing IC 50 of 0.037 ng/mL and 0.031 ng/mL for aflatoxin B 1 were applied in simple and fast direct competitive ELISA tests. (qub.ac.uk)
Concentration of aflatoxin2
- The concentration of aflatoxin in positive samples ranged from trace to 366 ppb (366 μg/kg). (nepjol.info)
- Results: Aflatoxin B1 was found in all samples, and the concentration of aflatoxin ranged from 63.16 to 626.81 ng/kg. (ac.ir)
Amount of aflatoxins2
- At 3 days and 3 weeks, no significant differences between exposure groups were seen in any tissue except fat, where the amount of aflatoxins was greater for the dust-adsorbed group. (usu.edu)
- Most controlling government agencies worldwide have regulations regarding the amount of aflatoxins allowable in human and animal foodstuffs. (prognosis-biotech.com)