Afghanistan

Afghan Campaign 2001-

Refugees

Lagomorpha

Pakistan

Smegma

Contraceptive Agents

Iran

Mass Media

Mass Vaccination

Social Marketing

Health Promotion

Cross-Sectional Studies

Genotype

Persuasive Communication

Health Education

Immunization Programs

Measles Vaccine

Measles

Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice

Afghan Air Force

Afghan Arabs

United States invasion of Afghanistan

William Nicholson, 1st Baron Nicholson

Afghan Interim Administration

Afghan Civil War (1996-2001)

Mohammad Nabi Azimi

Zalmai Rassoul

Afghan rebel flags

Mavis Leno

Opium production in Afghanistan

Infrared homing

Battles of Zhawar

Reactions to the Afghanistan War (2001-2021)

Haley Carter

Welcome.US

Scott Horton (radio host)

Anglo-Afghan War

List of candidates in the 2009 Afghan presidential election

Soviet-Afghan War in popular culture

Bajaur Campaign

Strategy for Operation Herrick

Afghan Army

Taliban

Assassination campaign

Pakistani Taliban

Hedayat Amin Arsala

Council on American-Islamic Relations

2001 Sayyd Alma Kalay airstrike

Afghanistan Medal (United Kingdom)

April 1918

1722

2015 in aviation

Immigration to Brazil

Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs

Apostasy in Islam by country

Prostitution

Cult

31st Infantry Regiment (United States)

America's Response Monument

Jawbreaker: The Attack on bin Laden and al-Qaeda

16th Infantry Regiment (United States)

House demolition

The Great Game: Afghanistan

Green Party of Canada

David Deptula

Indo-Scythians

List of timelines

Economy of Afghanistan

MI6

Joint Prioritized Effects List

Angelina Jolie

Geneva Call

Sakena Yacoobi

History of Australia (1945-present)

Ghaznavids

Hijab by country

History of San Diego

Michael Steele

2020 Summer Paralympics

Taliban66

• The Taliban also warned that they would attack "military units of the invading forces, diplomatic centers, mobile convoys and high-ranking officials" of the Afghan government. (rand.org)
• Afghanistan's Taliban rulers have begun a campaign to eradicate poppy cultivation, aiming to wipe out the country's massive production of opium and heroin, even as farmers fear their livelihoods will be ruined at a time of growing poverty. (naharnet.com)
• During their first time in power in the late 1990s, the Taliban also banned poppy cultivation and with a fierce campaign of destroying croplands nearly eradicated production within two years, according to the United Nations. (naharnet.com)
• However, after the U.S.-led invasion that ousted the Taliban in 2001, many farmers returned to growing poppies. (naharnet.com)
• Thousands of Afghan nationals who worked alongside the U.S. during the 20-year war in Afghanistan are in danger of being killed by the Taliban. (michiganradio.org)
• Afghan Taliban seize Kunduz city center in landmark gain. (derechos.org)
• The insurgents raised the white Taliban banner over the central square and freed hundreds of fellow militants from the local jail, in a major setback for Afghan forces who abandoned a provincial headquarters for the first time since 2001. (derechos.org)
• Ministry of Interior spokesman Sediq Sediqqi later confirmed that "most of Kunduz city has fallen to the Taliban", and said Afghan forces were regrouping at the airport. (derechos.org)
• The Kunduz assault marks a troubling development in the insurgency, although Afghan forces have managed to drive the Taliban back from most of the territory they have gained this year during an escalation in violence. (derechos.org)
• The Taliban were ousted in 2001 after a U.S.-led campaign, and have been fighting to reimpose their rule in sporadic clashes ever since. (derechos.org)
• 20 Taliban fighters had been killed and three Afghan police wounded in the early morning clashes. (derechos.org)
• RFE/RL) June 12, 2007 -- The U.S. military says coalition forces and Afghan police backed by coalition warplanes killed more than 20 suspected Taliban fighters in southern Afghanistan. (rferl.org)
• Since leading the military campaign to oust the fundamentalist and largely unrecognized Taliban regime from power in 2001, U.S. officials have pledged a long-term interest in Afghan stability. (rferl.org)
• The most powerful local commander, Mawlawi Islam, was running for office despite being accused of scores of murders committed while he had been a mujahedeen commander in the 1980s and a Taliban governor in the 1990s, and since the fall of the Taliban in 2001. (rawa.org)
• If it were to fall, it would be the first major urban center to come under Taliban control since the U.S. invasion to oust the Taliban in 2001. (stripes.com)
• The resurgent Taliban is now "openly active" in 70 percent of the country, and is seen as more powerful than at any time since they were toppled as the Afghan government by the 2001 U.S.-led invasion. (cbsnews.com)
• Even while the peace talks with U.S. officials alluded to by Mr. Trump on Friday went on in Qatar, Taliban militants overran an Afghan military base, killing dozens of soldiers. (cbsnews.com)
• But the framework depends not only on trusting the Taliban to stop its attacks on U.S. forces, but brokering a ceasefire between the Taliban and the Afghan government itself. (cbsnews.com)
• With the Taliban steadfastly refusing to meet Afghan government leaders -- who the militants regard as "puppets," of America, major serious hurdles remain. (cbsnews.com)
• Although some of the towns of Panjshir have fallen to the Taliban, a National Resistance Front, similar to the one that fought the Soviets and helped the United States overthrow the Taliban in 2001, has begun to mount a resistance campaign. (jordantimes.com)
• Although the Taliban ruled most of Afghanistan from 1996-2001, they never completely eliminated resistance to their rule. (jordantimes.com)
• Two days before the attacks of September 11, 2001, Massoud was assassinated in a suicide bombing carried out by Al Qaeda operatives contracted by the Taliban. (jordantimes.com)
• As peace negotiations between the Taliban and U.S. unraveled, the U.S. dramatically ramped up its air campaign against militants in Afghanistan. (armytimes.com)
• Afghan President Ashraf Ghani estimated the Taliban lost nearly 2,000 fighters in its failed attempt to capture an Afghan city. (armytimes.com)
• The Taliban still hold considerable sway over much of rural Afghanistan following their ouster from power in 2001. (armytimes.com)
• At that point, another Afghan war began: One theoretically based on counterinsurgency - the notion that building infrastructure, institutions and better lives for ordinary Afghans would switch their loyalty away from the Taliban. (theglobeandmail.com)
• The Feminist Majority Foundation's Campaign to Stop Gender Apartheid in Afghanistan has been the authority in the US on the Taliban regime for nearly five years (Eleanor Smeal has given briefings to Congress on the topic and has testified before a joint hearing of two U.S. Senate Foreign Relations subcommittees). (radgeek.com)
• And since women's voices are being silenced, no-one much seems to be pointing out that Afghan women were the first and most horrifically victimized by the Taliban regime. (radgeek.com)
• Following the retaking of Kabul by the Taliban, many Afghan sportswomen went into hiding. (soccerex.com)
• The Taliban also declared that they have come to their native area of Swat after several years as a result of the ceasefire announced by them and government in the wake of talks that are underway in Afghanistan in the arbitration of the Afghan Taliban, Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan. (com.pk)
• A senior security official told this scribe that the Afghan Taliban are interested in ceasefire between the government of Pakistan and TTP. (com.pk)
• The event was to benefit the Feminist Majority Foundation's campaign to "End Gender Apartheid in Afghanistan," which highlighted the barbaric conditions of women living under Taliban rule. (attackthesystem.com)
• WASHINGTON (AP) - The United States is entering a new phase of the war in Afghanistan now that the partnership with Afghan fighters has all but broken the Taliban and al-Qaida as organized fighting forces. (kitsapsun.com)
• Operation Moshtarak ("Together", in Dari) is about to be unleashed by NATO in the southern Helmand town of Marjah, the largest population center under Taliban control in the region and the largest counter-insurgency operation since the Afghanistan campaign began in 2001. (pravda.ru)
• 15,000 NATO and Afghan troops, plus special forces are poised to attack a force of around 1,000 Taliban fighters, who have been warned to lay down their arms or leave the area. (pravda.ru)
• The perpetrators of this and similar strikes deep into the urban maze of Lahore's city-centre are a nexus of al-Qaida, Pakistani Taliban, and local Punjabi militants who have adopted a 'punishment' strategy designed - in an echo of powerful states's air-campaigns - to '(harm) enemy civilians in order to lower their morale and motivate them to force their governments to end the war. (opendemocracy.net)
• Afghanistan is about to get a new leader for the first time since the Taliban were driven out in 2001 and replaced by the current president, Hamid Karzai. (kpbs.org)
• However, because he made his name with Tajik-led rebel groups that fought the Soviets and the Taliban, he's viewed as Tajik by most Afghans. (kpbs.org)
• Most of these books pay homage to, and feature photographs of, Ahmad Shah Massoud, the Afghan political and military leader and popular hero best known for his successful military campaigns against both the Soviets and the Taliban. (booklyn.org)
• Today his son Ahmad Massoud continues to fight against the Taliban theocracy to gain freedom for the Afghan people. (booklyn.org)
• WHAT HAS been referred to as the US-led "War on Terror" (WOT) started with the toppling of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan in 2001. (rsis.edu.sg)
• The Taliban convinced the local community stakeholders that with the US leaving, the Afghan government would dissipate without the US assistance. (rsis.edu.sg)
• During the Taliban period as the regime in power from 1996 to 2001, northern Afghanistan remained the centre of gravity of the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance Group. (rsis.edu.sg)
• Some of those demands, such as his desire for Washington to help the Afghan government sustain a peace process with the Taliban, parallel with longstanding U.S. policy. (nationalinterest.org)
• In the Afghan campaign of 2001, it will be important that Taliban forces are sufficiently fearful of engaging U.S. and coalition forces that they avoid contact with our troops and thus do not interfere with the effort to hunt down bin Laden. (lexingtoninstitute.org)
• In almost every speech, even the ones not related to foreign policy, President Emomali Rahmon referred to the misfortunes of the Afghan people under the Taliban. (idsa.in)
• Some of the donations are small, some are larger, but the broad support for the Feminist Majority Foundation Back to School Campaign has demonstrated a deep concern for the plight of Afghan women and girls under the Taliban regime and a commitment to stop gender apartheid in Afghanistan. (feminist.org)
• The overwhelming response to the Feminist Majority Foundation's Back to School Campaign has resulted in awareness actions all across the U.S, and thousands of signatures on petitions urging the President and the Secretary of State to continue to refuse to recognize the Taliban and to do everything possible to restore women's human rights in Afghanistan. (feminist.org)
• Muslims, who, like the rest of the world, seem to have a longer memory than we do, will also recall that a massive famine, killing up to six or seven million Afghans, was only narrowly averted in fall 2001, even though the U.S. bombing campaign cut off badly needed supplies almost until it was too late -- and would have continued to do so had the Taliban not retreated. (ratical.org)
• Over three days, as the Taliban ministers walked from one artifact to another, an Afghan archeologist and a historian followed at a respectful distance, pleading for mercy as if begging for the lives of their own children. (latimes.com)
• The army, built up over two decades, had been infiltrated at an early stage by Taliban supporters, who received free training in the use of modern military equipment and acted as spies for the Afghan resistance. (newleftreview.org)
• One of the country's leading feminists in exile remarked that Afghan women had three enemies: the Western occupation, the Taliban and the Northern Alliance. (newleftreview.org)
• On October 7, 2001, after the Taliban refused to comply with the U.S. request, the United States declared war on Afghanistan, designating the campaign Operation Enduring Freedom. (wikisummaries.org)
• With the Taliban government banning women from attending universities in Afghanistan, an EU-funded project is being revived to bring dozens of Afghan girls to study in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Uzbekistan. (rferl.org)
• Following the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks, a US, Allied, and anti-Taliban Northern Alliance military action toppled the Taliban for sheltering Usama BIN LADIN.A UN-sponsored Bonn Conference in 2001 established a process for political reconstruction that included the adoption of a new constitution, a presidential election in 2004, and National Assembly elections in 2005. (unboundmedicine.com)
• After two postponements, the next presidential election was held in September 2019.The Taliban remains a serious challenge for the Afghan Government in almost every province. (unboundmedicine.com)
• The Taliban still considers itself the rightful government of Afghanistan, and it remains a capable and confident insurgent force fighting for the withdrawal of foreign military forces from Afghanistan, establishment of sharia law, and rewriting of the Afghan constitution. (unboundmedicine.com)
• Earlier this week, the Biden administration said that by hosting the leader of Al Qaeda in Kabul, the Taliban violated the Doha Agreement and repeated assurances that they would not allow Afghan territory to be used by terrorists to threaten the security of other countries. (islamedianalysis.info)
• The attack occurred last Tuesday in the Sayid Karam district of eastern Paktia province, much of which is under control of the Taliban, who have been waging an insurgency against US-led NATO forces and government troops since they were forced from power in 2001. (yahoo.com)
• The Taliban have shot down several military helicopters using small-arms fire, but never an F-16 -- an advanced jet capable of supersonic speeds and reaching heights of 50,000 feet, which have been deployed in Afghanistan since the beginning of the US-led military in 2001. (yahoo.com)
• The effort to win over Afghans on former Taliban turf in Marja has put American and NATO commanders in the unusual position of arguing against opium eradication, pitting them against some Afghan officials who are pushing to destroy the harvest. (docudharma.com)
• If the U.S. Marines at Combat Outpost Turbett have any problems with their Afghan colleagues, they're with the Afghan soldiers who followed them into battle against Taliban fighters, not with the elite police officers who've stepped in to help fill the security vacuum. (docudharma.com)
• Just this morning, as I sat down to write a review of a splendid new book on The Buddhas of Bamiyan by Llewelyn Morgan, I saw this headline in the New York Times, Taliban Hits Region Seen as 'Safest' for Afghans -- a grim report on what's up in Bamiyan today. (blogspot.com)
• The colossal Buddhas (pictured above) are, of course, no longer in their niches, having been dynamited to bits by the Taliban in 2001. (blogspot.com)
• Giant Buddhas of Bamiyan, carved from the cliff, were destroyed by the Taliban in 2001. (cnrs.fr)
• Buddhism found fertile ground there too, yielding some of its most beautiful works of art, such as the tragically renowned Buddhas carved into the cliffs of the Bamiyan valley, and destroyed by the Taliban in 2001. (cnrs.fr)

Afghanistan51

• Afghan President Ashraf Ghani has sent a letter to President Trump outlining potential cost reductions for the U.S. engagement in Afghanistan . (cbsnews.com)
• Mr. Trump campaigned on getting out of long-running wars in Syria and Afghanistan, the latter of which is now the longest-running war in which the U.S. military has ever been engaged. (cbsnews.com)
• The U.S. government's Special Inspector General for Afghanistan Reconstruction (SIGAR), an Afghan war watchdog, reported to Congress on Thursday that the Afghan government actually lost territory during the last year. (cbsnews.com)
• US forces in Afghanistan acknowledge they were involved in fighting and airstrikes in the province's Bala Boluk district, which began on Monday and continued into Tuesday after Taleban militants seized a village and clashed with Afghan troops. (therealnews.com)
• The US wars in Afghanistan and Iraq will cost taxpayers up to $6 trillion, "the most expensive wars in US history," a new report has revealed, adding that these campaigns will dominate future federal budgets "for decades to come. (rt.com)
• Even before the events of September 11, Afghanistan was the United States' top recipient of humanitarian aid, providing $174 million in fiscal year 2001. (archives.gov)
• As of March 1, the World Food Programme (WFP), with the support of the U.S. government, had delivered 333,000 metric tons of food into Afghanistan since October 2001. (archives.gov)
• Through America s Fund for Afghan Children, America s boys and girls donated one dollar each to provide food and medical help for the children of Afghanistan. (archives.gov)
• Canada has provided Afghanistan with $160 million in humanitarian assistance since 1990, $16 million of which was disbursed after September 11, 2001. (archives.gov)
• A) Afghanistan national rate of oral polio vaccine coverage (2001-2011). (plos.org)
• Insurgents intensified their campaign against military targets and U.S.-led forces in Afghanistan, killing eight U.S. CIA agents at a base and four Canadian servicemen on patrol and a journalist accompanying them. (nypost.com)
• WASHINGTON - While the military "quagmire" in Iraq was said to tip the scales of power in the U.S. midterm elections, most Americans have no idea more of their fellow citizens - men, women and children - were murdered this year by illegal aliens than the combined death toll of U.S. troops in Iraq and Afghanistan since those military campaigns began. (wnd.com)
• Total U.S. troop deaths in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Uzbekistan during the five years of the Afghan campaign are currently at 289, according to the Department of Defense. (wnd.com)
• Table 1: Positive polio cases in Afghanistan 2001-2020. (afghanistan-analysts.org)
• Between 2001 and 2005, the number of polio cases in Afghanistan were generally much lower. (afghanistan-analysts.org)
• Then came September 11, 2001, and the revelation that the organization behind the attack, Al Qaeda, was holed up in Afghanistan. (attackthesystem.com)
• It's one of the largest offensives undertaken by NATO troops since the international military campaign in Afghanistan began in 2001. (cnn.com)
• WASHINGTON - For all the drama in the fall of Kabul and Kandahar, the endgame of the Afghan campaign is likely to be more critical to the future of Afghanistan, the Asian subcontinent and the United States, according to U.S. analysts. (kitsapsun.com)
• Whatever the will of the Afghan majority or intent of the United States, the presence of armed opponents and the internal squabbling will continue to make Afghanistan highly volatile and vulnerable to reversals. (kitsapsun.com)
• WASHINGTON - A month into the Afghanistan campaign, Americans are fighting their way into winter. (kitsapsun.com)
• CAMPAIGN IN AFGHANISTAN: Effects of proxy forces has come at a cost for U.S. (kitsapsun.com)
• In recent weeks, without a radioactive cloud in sight, the date for serious drawdowns of American troops in Afghanistan has followed a similar path toward the vanishing point and is now threatening to disappear "over the horizon" (a place where, we are regularly told, American troops will lurk once they have finally handed their duties over to the Afghan forces they are training). (tomdispatch.com)
• Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs Admiral Mike Mullen, attending a security conference in Australia, all "cited 2014… as the key date for handing over the defense of Afghanistan to the Afghans themselves. (tomdispatch.com)
• NATO has been in Afghanistan since 2001, a war whose cost is estimated at around 252.5 billion USD to date. (pravda.ru)
• once concluded with the Red Army's withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1988-89, it remained a locus of jihadist ideology and fulmination, and has found a new role with the coming of another Afghan war in 2001. (opendemocracy.net)
• President Obama said recently that he would like to keep about 10,000 troops in Afghanistan to help train and advise the Afghan military and to carry out counterterrorism operations. (kpbs.org)
• In perhaps the most memorable description of the wily Afghan leader that has ever been uttered by a US diplomat, former US Ambassador to Afghanistan Karl W. Eikenberry wrote to his colleagues that President Karzai was the incompetent head of a corrupt and inept central government either unable or unwilling to make the kinds of decisions necessary for progress. (nationalinterest.org)
• It begins with the warning from Lord Lytton, the viceroy of India, to Lord Roberts at the start of his campaign in Afghanistan. (lexingtoninstitute.org)
• In the 1890s, there was a shrill campaign to Pashtunise Afghanistan. (idsa.in)
• They are demonstrating their support for students and teachers in home schools in Afghanistan and refugee schools in Pakistan, recruiting college scholarships for Afghan women, and raising awareness about gender apartheid. (feminist.org)
• Less than a month after the 11 September 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon, US leaders began an all-out aerial assault upon Afghanistan, the country purportedly harboring Osama bin Laden and his al Qaeda terrorist organization. (mltoday.com)
• Iran exercises soft power in Afghanistan by a cultural homogenization that involves altering aspects of phonological, semantic, and elocution of Dari, a variety and dialect of Farsi (Persian) that most Afghans can speak. (eurasiareview.com)
• Innumerable Iranian words, slang phrases, and idioms have been floating around via print and electronic media in Afghanistan, most of which aim to wipe out the traditional Afghan lexis. (eurasiareview.com)
• The President of Afghanistan, Ashraf Ghani, has a PhD in Afghan anthropology but seems unmindful of the ongoing dangerous tragi-comic cultural gamble. (eurasiareview.com)
• However, apart from the American military casualties involved, this cannot but involve the US like the Soviet Union in a long term occupation of Afghanistan and face a relentless guerilla campaign by surviving Taleban fighters. (rediff.com)
• Colonial/imperialist feminism has taken new and old forms in the U.S. The immediate context for a resurgence of imperialist feminism in the U.S. is the 2001 invasion of Afghanistan. (socialistworker.org)
• Liberals and feminists in the U.S., going against the wishes of Afghan feminist organizations such as RAWA (Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan) who opposed U.S. intervention, linked arms with the Bush administration and supported the Afghan war. (socialistworker.org)
• Despite mountains of evidence to show that the U.S./NATO occupation had done little for women's rights, Amnesty-USA conducted a campaign in support of the continued occupation of Afghanistan. (socialistworker.org)
• Multinational coalition military operation initiated in October 2001 to counter terrorism and bring security to AFGHANISTAN in collaboration with Afghan forces. (bvsalud.org)
• Khozman Ulumi, a spokesman for the Afghan Mining Ministry, told RFE/RL's Radio Free Afghanistan that preliminary plans call for a railroad link from Tajikistan to the copper field and on to Pakistan. (rferl.org)
• That makes the Aynak deal a litmus test for other possible foreign investors -- not just of about how Afghanistan deals with international investors, but also about the security that the Afghan central government can provide for high-profile foreign investment projects. (rferl.org)
• The Minister of Public Health stressed the importance of continued support for Afghanistan to improve outreach of vaccination campaigns where every child is vaccinated. (who.int)
• Obama was to be on the ground for about seven hours in Afghanistan, where the United States has been engaged in war for more than a decade following the Sept. 11, 2001, attacks. (kpbs.org)
• Obama is joining Afghan President Hamid Karzai to sign the agreement that will broadly govern the U.S. role in Afghanistan after the American combat mission stops at the end of 2014 - 13 years after it began. (kpbs.org)
• The day after the inauguration, the GHANI administration signed the US-Afghan Bilateral Security Agreement and NATO Status of Forces Agreement, which provide the legal basis for the post-2014 international military presence in Afghanistan. (unboundmedicine.com)
• In the summer of 2001, Fayiz Mohammed Ahmed Al Kandari, the eldest son of a large family, left Kuwait to travel to Afghanistan. (cnn.com)
• But in October 2001, he was captured by the Northern Alliance - along with many other Arabs - and 'sold' to U.S. forces in Afghanistan, Wingard said. (cnn.com)
• Because of the migration of an estimated 4.5 million infected Afghan refugees returning home from other countries, the sporadic treatment of patients infected with cutaneous leishmaniasis, and limited control of the sandfly vector, L. tropica has spread to areas that were previously nonendemic for the disease, e.g., northeastern Afghanistan. (cdc.gov)
• Over the last 20 years, the United States has worked closely with the Afghan government on a multitude of initiatives to provide quality primary, secondary, and higher education to millions of citizens throughout Afghanistan. (usembassy.gov)
• For Calligaro, that day marked the beginning of a longterm photography project about Kabul's middle class, a product of Western presence in Afghanistan that grew from basically zero in 2001 to about 10-15% of the country's population today. (roadsandkingdoms.com)
• RÉSUMÉ La présente étude a étudié les tendances de l'incidence des maladies transmissibles les plus répandues chez les enfants de moins de cinq ans en Afghanistan entre 2005 et 2013. (who.int)

Hamid Karzai5

• The Afghan president, Hamid Karzai, has pardoned three men who had been found guilty of gang raping a woman in the northern province of Samangan. (rawa.org)
• Afghan President Hamid Karzai called the civilian deaths "unjustifiable and unacceptable. (therealnews.com)
• In July of this year, Afghan President Hamid Karzai spoke of 2014 as the date when Afghan security forces "will be responsible for all military and law enforcement operations throughout our country. (tomdispatch.com)
• If one could describe in a single word the present state of relations between the United States and Afghan President Hamid Karzai, "convoluted" quickly comes to mind. (nationalinterest.org)
• And people have been speculating that Afghan "President" Hamid Karzai was informed only at the last minute because the White House doesn't trust him. (docudharma.com)

Harming civilians1

• Afghanistan's deputy chief of army staff, Murad Ali Murad, defended the Afghan security forces' performance, suggesting they withdrew to avoid harming civilians with all-out urban warfare. (derechos.org)

Ashraf Ghani2

• At the World Economic Summit in Davos, Afghan president Ashraf Ghani broke his silence on casualties, saying 45,000 Afghan security personnel have been killed since he became leader in 2014. (cbsnews.com)
• A man removes a poster of presidential candidate Ashraf Ghani after the official end of the election campaign. (kpbs.org)

Officials11

• The U.S. troops returned fire, killing seven of the police officers in what Afghan and U.S. officials called a 'tragic mistake. (rferl.org)
• In other developments, Afghan officials say armed men on a motorbike fired at girls outside a school in Logar Province, south of Kabul, killing two girls and wounding six others. (rferl.org)
• HERAT: Afghan villagers yesterday mourned relatives buried in mass graves after US-led airstrikes that the Red Cross said killed dozens and local officials said may have killed 100 civilians. (therealnews.com)
• Afghan health officials blamed Pakistan for the spread of polio. (afghanistan-analysts.org)
• NATO officials have so far hailed the offensive as a success, however attacks resulting in civilian deaths have generated heavy criticism from Afghan officials and humanitarian organizations. (cnn.com)
• If you take the word of our Afghan War commander, the secretary of defense, and top officials of the Obama administration and NATO, we're not leaving any time soon . (tomdispatch.com)
• The official campaign period has come to an end, and candidates are now observing a silence period as election and security officials make final preparations. (kpbs.org)
• US diplomats in the past have done their best to publicly portray a positive picture, and Obama administration officials are quick to release readouts and public statements depicting a constructive partnership with the Afghan government whenever Karzai travels to the White House. (nationalinterest.org)
• In most respects, Afghan officials have returned the favor, beaming with smiles whenever they appear with high-ranking officials from the White House, State Department or Pentagon. (nationalinterest.org)
• Negotiations have dragged as Afghan officials have demanded specific assurances, financial and otherwise. (kpbs.org)
• Local Afghan officials advised Al Kandari to leave, according to Wingard. (cnn.com)

Troops10

• It was the second time this year that the hardline Islamist movement has besieged Kunduz city, defended by Afghan forces battling largely without NATO's support after it withdrew most of its troops last year. (derechos.org)
• This campaign, bolstered by U.S. President Barack Obama's addition of 30,000 "surge" troops in 2009, was meant to improve the lives of women and children and the governance of villages and provinces, leaving a lasting legacy of stability. (theglobeandmail.com)
• Afterwards, the Malakand region witnessed incidents of violence prompting the government to launch counterinsurgency campaign through the paramilitary troops. (com.pk)
• Nearly 15,000 Afghan and NATO troops have been involved in the offensive, known as Operation Moshtarak, launched earler this month. (cnn.com)
• Added Times reporter Elisabeth Bumiller: "The message shift is effectively a victory for the military, which has long said the July 2011 deadline undermined its mission by making Afghans reluctant to work with troops perceived to be leaving shortly. (tomdispatch.com)
• Those troops, which would be subject to the U.S.-Afghan security pact, will be gone by the end of 2016, Obama said. (kpbs.org)
• Others, such as a demand that coalition troops stop military operations that could result in the targeting of Afghan homes, or requests for the transfer of all Afghan prisoners from the Guantanamo Bay detention facility, are either politically or logistically imprudent-or both-for the United States to implement. (nationalinterest.org)
• For nearly a century, small contingents of British troops kept the Afghan tribesmen at bay and maintained the security of the Empire's frontier. (lexingtoninstitute.org)
• Since the start this month of a massive assault by U.S. Marines and British and Afghan troops on the southern Afghan town, nearly 4,000 families have sought shelter in nearby Lashkar Gah, the capital of Helmand province. (docudharma.com)
• And the Afghan military, which is supposed to step up, so that our troops can move out? (docudharma.com)

1996-20011

• During 1996-2001, from 202,767 to 395,581 malaria cases were reported annually, sharply increasing in 2002 and 2003 with 590,176 and 591,441 cases confirmed, respectively ( 7 ), and 3 million cases estimated annually ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)

Invasion3

• It began with the U.S. invasion in October 2001, meaning children born after the war began can now enlist to serve. (cbsnews.com)
• Since the US-led invasion in 2001, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of cases of paralytic poliomyelitis from 11 cases in 2001, to 80 in 2011. (plos.org)
• Hundreds of professional new TV channels, radio, newspapers, and the online press have developed since the 2001 American invasion of the country. (eurasiareview.com)

Kabul3

• Dozens of Afghan special forces were flown to Kunduz airport on a C-130 aircraft and were preparing to launch a counter-attack, according to a senior official in Kabul. (derechos.org)
• In 2001, it was even worse, but this is the worst I've seen since then," the head of the malnutrition ward at a major Kabul hospital told reporters. (theglobeandmail.com)
• A report in the San Francisco Chronicle (17 November 2001) noted that under the Taraki regime Kabul had been "a cosmopolitan city. (mltoday.com)

Attacks5

• After the attacks of September 11, 2001 he was determined to contribute, and volunteered to help guard airports. (loc.gov)
• But intensified activity by the U.S.-led force has also bred resentment among Afghans, particularly as local civilians have been killed in several attacks. (nypost.com)
• Massoud was assassinated by Al Qaeda agents in 2001 two days before the 9/11 attacks in NYC. (booklyn.org)
• On September 11, 2001, members of al-Qaeda launched air attacks on prominent American landmarks with four simultaneous suicide missions on hijacked commercial airliners. (wikisummaries.org)
• Al Zawahiri was one of the masterminds of the attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001, and had continued to urge his followers to attack the United States. (islamedianalysis.info)

Opium2

• Nearly 80% of the heroin produced from Afghan opium reaches Europe through Central Asia and Pakistan. (naharnet.com)
• One in ten young Afghans are now opium addicts. (newleftreview.org)

Liberate Afghan women2

• By November, first lady Laura Bush was arguing that the reason for the war was to "liberate Afghan women. (attackthesystem.com)
• Borrowing a trope from Britain in India and Egypt, and France in Algeria, the U.S. argued that it was going to liberate Afghan women. (socialistworker.org)

Country's3

• A USAID-funded program is encouraging Afghan women and girls to read by hosting reading classes and improving the country's libraries. (archives.gov)
• In March, Canada will end its rump training mission, withdrawing all but 100 soldiers shortly before international forces hand the country's security over to the Afghan National Army. (theglobeandmail.com)
• The campaign, part of the country's rooted political and security crises , can also be understood in symbolic terms. (opendemocracy.net)

Refugees2

• Nomads and Afghan refugees are particularly hard to reach and are often a source of new polio cases. (cdc.gov)
• Iran has sent tens of thousands of Afghan refugees back to a country ill-prepared to accept them. (rferl.org)

Pakistan1

• The interruption of wild poliovirus transmission appears possible in Pakistan in 2001. (cdc.gov)

19th1

• The officers and soldiers of the European expeditionary armies of the 19th century, who campaigned from the Moroccan desert to the high peaks of the Hindu Kush, wrote it. (lexingtoninstitute.org)

Forces in the 1980s1

• He's an ophthalmologist by training who became a medic with the mujahedeen, the Afghan fighters who battled the Soviet forces in the 1980s. (kpbs.org)

Polio vaccine2

• An Afghan health worker administers the polio vaccine to a child in Arghandab district of Kandahar province in August 2018. (afghanistan-analysts.org)
• this involves 'national immunisation days', nationwide campaigns to give supplemental doses of the polio vaccine to all under-fives in the country. (afghanistan-analysts.org)

Defense3

• Military benefits were increased in 2001, prior to the Iraq war, in terms of quality, quantity, availability and eligibility, placing an extra burden on defense spending. (rt.com)
• Between October 7 and December 13, the Department of Defense air-dropped 2,423,700 Humanitarian Daily Rations (HDRs) to Afghans. (archives.gov)
• As has been reported throughout the week, Karzai has demanded that the United States meet his preconditions before any broader U.S.-Afghan defense relationship can be established. (nationalinterest.org)

Militants2

• The Taliban's armed campaign is at its bloodiest level since the militants, in power from the mid-1990s, were overthrown by U.S.-backed Afghan forces in late 2001. (nypost.com)
• The militants' targets in this urban campaign of terror include key units of state and society, law-enforcement agencies, mosques, hotels, and individual political figures. (opendemocracy.net)

Afghanistan's3

• An Afghan army official on Wednesday said the United States had pledged $16 billion to spend on training and equipping Afghanistan's army and air force. (nypost.com)
• With the exception of King Habibullah Kalakani (1929) and former president Burhanuddin Rabbani (1992-2001), both ethnic Tajiks, Pashtuns have dominated Afghanistan's political history and governance. (idsa.in)
• But the destruction of the Bamian Buddhas--dating back to the 3rd and 5th centuries--was only the most widely publicized event in the Taliban's systematic campaign to destroy Afghanistan's cultural heritage, which went largely unnoticed in the rest of the world. (latimes.com)

Tajik1

• The emergence of organisations such as Setam-a-Milli (an anti-Pashtun Tajik organisation) and Afghan Millat (a pro-Pashtun organisation) further complicated the inter-ethnic relations in the 1960s. (idsa.in)

Drawdown1

• The letter calls for a full review of the military partnership, including a possible troop drawdown, a senior Afghan official confirms to CBS News' "Face the Nation" host Margaret Brennan. (cbsnews.com)

Army4

• An Afghan interpreter with the U.S. Army is pictured in 2010. (michiganradio.org)
• Afghan National Army commandos from the 5th Commando Kandak traverse a river crossing during a presence patrol in Archi district, Kunduz province, March 23, 2012. (stripes.com)
• Americans are treated daily by the media to the myth that the Afghans have defeated every army sent against them since Alexander the Great. (lexingtoninstitute.org)
• The 300,000-strong Afghan army crumbled. (newleftreview.org)

20211

• In higher education, USAID played a pivotal role in increasing enrollment from merely 3,000 men in 2001 to 350,000 men and women in 2021. (usembassy.gov)

Government8

• The Taliban's goal, as with many insurgent groups, has been to provide more effective law and order than the Afghan government. (rand.org)
• He began his career working on humanitarian projects in Panjshir as the head of the Massoud Foundation, rather than joining the Afghan government. (jordantimes.com)
• Although 74 percent of Afghan civilian casualties are caused by what the United Nations calls "anti-government elements," civilians who are killed in coalition operations carry far more weight with the Afghan president. (nationalinterest.org)
• The Taraki government proceeded to legalize labor unions, and set up a minimum wage, a progressive income tax, a literacy campaign, and programs that gave ordinary people greater access to health care, housing, and public sanitation. (mltoday.com)
• The government also continued a campaign begun by the king to emancipate women from their age-old tribal bondage. (mltoday.com)
• Afghan women held government jobs--in the 1980s, there were seven female members of parliament. (mltoday.com)
• Members work together through local chapters, through regional networks, or via national campaigns, committees, and work teams to expose the human costs of war and advocate for remediation by our government for U.S. veterans and Iraqi and Afghan civilians. (ivaw.org)
• A tourist guide to the National Museum, printed by the Afghan government in 1974, is now Mohebzadah's pocket guide to all that has been lost. (latimes.com)

Eradication1

• It appeared the new eradication campaign was targeting mainly those who planted their crops after the ban was announced. (naharnet.com)

Ordinary1

• As she walked up and down the aisles with her cart, she noticed something unusual: for the first time, there were ordinary Afghans shopping alongside her. (roadsandkingdoms.com)

Taleban2

• If confirmed, those even higher figures could make the incident the single deadliest for Afghan civilians since the campaign to topple the Taleban in 2001. (therealnews.com)
• However, the Taleban denied blocking the campaign. (afghanistan-analysts.org)

Immunization2

• The subsequent mass immunization campaigns enjoyed tremendous success: the disease was eradicated from the Americas by 1994, Europe followed in 2002, [ 3 ] and fewer than 3,000 cases were reported worldwide in 2000 [ 4 ]. (plos.org)
• The commitment of the Ministry to vaccinating all Afghans is evinced by the expansion of immunization service delivery from 870 vaccination centres (Expanded Programme on Immunizaton fixed centres) in 2004 to 1251 in 2011. (who.int)

NATO3

• With the official end of the NATO-led combat mission at the end of last year, Afghan forces can no longer rely on the superior air power and combat capabilities of the NATO force. (stripes.com)
• How can the NATO forces extricate themselves when on one hand they are trying to build a strong centralised Afghan Armed Force while at the same time equip and pay off war lords and tribal militias? (pravda.ru)
• In 2012, ads appeared in public places of Afghan women in burqas with the caption: "NATO: Keep the Progress Going! (socialistworker.org)

Kosovo1

• A month into the Kosovo campaign, they were fighting into spring. (kitsapsun.com)

Women6

• That Afghan women, who are imprisoned in their homes and banned from driving or travelling without a male relative on pain of death, cannot escape the cluster bombs dropping over their heads. (radgeek.com)
• Under the oppressive rule, which ended in 2001 after a military campaign spearheaded by US armed forces, women could not leave home alone and were forced to wear the burqa. (soccerex.com)
• Afghan women never asked for US air strikes. (attackthesystem.com)
• With the enthusiastic support of Morrissey and Principal William Ryan, the students adopted a refugee school and involved the whole student body in their efforts that included a Day of Remembrance with students and teachers wearing the Feminist Majority Foundation's Symbols of Remembrance and observance of a moment of silence in support of Afghan women and girls. (feminist.org)
• To join the campaign, visit our website www.feminist.org and sign up to help Afghan women and girls go back to school. (feminist.org)
• A cross-border initiative funded by the European Union and implemented by the UN Development Fund allows Afghan women to study at universities in Central Asia. (rferl.org)

Deadliest1

• When D'Agata and his team were last there, they flew in Blackhawk helicopters to Nangarhar Province: the deadliest province for both U.S. forces and Afghan civilians. (cbsnews.com)

20021

• Field investigations were conducted in Kundoz Province, an Afghan high-risk area, to determine factors responsible for the rapid reemergence of malaria in that country, where 3 million cases were estimated to have occurred during 2002. (cdc.gov)

Vaccination campaigns1

• Plans for 2001 include three rounds of door-to-door vaccination campaigns starting in January, followed by two more rounds in the Fall. (cdc.gov)

Conflict3

• Designing effective public health campaigns in areas of armed conflict requires a nuanced understanding of how violence impacts the epidemiology of the disease in question. (plos.org)
• The geographic relationship between armed conflict and polio incidence provides valuable insights as to how to plan a vaccination campaign in violent contexts, and allows us to anticipate incident polio in the regions of armed conflict. (plos.org)
• It shows her neighbors, her coworkers, her friends-all part of a new group of Afghans who are also part of the story of the impossible reconstruction of a city torn by a decade of conflict. (roadsandkingdoms.com)

Largely2

• Since then, he has largely reinvented himself by dressing in more traditional Afghan attire, using his tribal name, Ahmadzai, and otherwise trying to downplay the perception that he's more Western intellectual than Afghan. (kpbs.org)
• This campaign is only one example of the script that was employed repeatedly and was largely successful for Western armies. (lexingtoninstitute.org)

Fund1

• Money borrowed to fund war costs has also made the controversial military campaigns even more expensive. (rt.com)

Marines1

• While the Marines praise the Afghan National Civil Order Police force, they can barely conceal their contempt for the Afghan soldiers who live alongside the Americans in this one-time drug den in Marjah. (docudharma.com)

Stop Gender Apartheid1

• Morrissey invited Feminist Majority Foundation staff to meet with the class to talk about the Campaign to Stop Gender Apartheid. (feminist.org)

Security forces1

• The lightning speed of the Taliban's territorial gains and the meltdown of the Afghan National Defence Security Forces (ANDSF) will potentially rejuvenate the global jihadist movement, sans IS and its affiliates. (rsis.edu.sg)

Contempt1

• And unlike many other Afghan leaders, who held such concepts in contempt and bought homes in the United Arab Emirates and Spain, Massoud spent the last four years living in Panjshir and forging a strong base. (jordantimes.com)

Militant1

• There is no sign of the militant campaign on Pakistan's cities abating. (opendemocracy.net)

Taliban's1

• The Taliban's war on Afghan art got world attention in March, when its soldiers blew up two enormous Buddhist statues sculpted from a cliff overlooking Bamian, the Hazaras' ethnic heartland. (latimes.com)

Sept1

• That's 21,900 since Sept. 11, 2001. (wnd.com)

Incidence2

• In late 2003, P. falciparum incidence ranged ince, an Afghan high-risk area, to determine factors respon- from 0.002% in Wardak to 31% in Takhar Province. (cdc.gov)
• Field investigations from 2001 through 2005 showed a rapid reemergence of malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax , with annual incidence rates from 0.0088 to 4.39 and from 3.58 to 13.37 episodes per 1,000 person-years, respectively. (cdc.gov)

Figures2

• In fact, CIA figures show that it fell from 46.2 years in 2001 to 45 years in 2011. (theglobeandmail.com)
• He took eight wickets in five games at last year's tournament, recording figures of 4-9 in the Afghans' 130-run rout of Scotland in their opening match. (bet365.com)

Coalition1

• Many Afghan nationals worked as translators, drivers and in other roles assisting the U.S. and coalition members. (michiganradio.org)

Province4

• One Afghan police officer was wounded in the battle, which took place June 11 in Kandahar Province. (rferl.org)
• In eastern Nangarhar Province on the same day, Afghan police mistakenly fired on a U.S. patrol. (rferl.org)
• Annual cases of P. vivax control campaigns against falciparum malaria, transmit- and P. falciparum malaria reported from Kundoz Province ted by the freshwater breeder Anopheles superpictus , have from January 2001 through December 2005 are depicted been successful, P. vivax malaria remains highly endemic in the Figure. (cdc.gov)
• Annual cases of P. vivax and P. falciparum malaria reported from Kundoz Province from January 2001 through December 2005 are depicted in the Figure . (cdc.gov)

Ethnic2

• Elite newsreaders and TV presenters in the media section controlled by pro-Iranian ethnic minorities mimic cut-glass Persian accent to hive themselves from the traditional Afghan vernacular. (eurasiareview.com)
• Hazaragi (a dialect of Farsi) spoken by the Afghan Shia ethnic minority is another victim of Iran's cultural incursion. (eurasiareview.com)