Afferent Loop Syndrome
Blind Loop Syndrome
Gastroenterostomy
Non-surgical treatment for afferent loop syndrome in recurrent gastric cancer complicated by peritoneal carcinomatosis: percutaneous transhepatic duodenal drainage followed by 24-hour infusion of high-dose fluorouracil and leucovorin. (1/7)
Afferent loop syndrome (ALS) is a debilitating complication of recurrent gastric cancer. Surgical intervention is usually not feasible in the face of poor general performance, presence of advanced peritoneal carcinomatosis and limited survival of the patients. Non-surgical approaches include internal drainage by stenting at the stenotic or anastomotic site and external drainage via the percutaneous routes. Percutaneous transhepatic duodenal drainage (PTDD) has been shown to provide effective palliation for ALS, but long-term catheterization is usually inevitable. We hereby present two cases of recurrent gastric cancer whose ALS was successfully treated with PTDD followed by weekly 24-h infusion of high-dose 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin (HDFL). PTDD rapidly ameliorated the incapacitating symptoms of ALS, and the effective, low-toxicity chemotherapy subsequently led to tumor regression, restoration of bowel patency and removal of the drainage tube. At present, both patients have remained ALS-free and drainage-free for 16 and 17 months, respectively. Our results indicate that this non-surgical approach with PTDD followed by weekly HDFL could serve as a safe and effective treatment for ALS in recurrent gastric cancer complicated by peritoneal carcinomatosis. (+info)Laparoscopy in afferent loop obstruction presenting as acute pancreatitis. (2/7)
BACKGROUND: We describe an afferent loop obstruction caused by an adhesion band in a case of distal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y end-to-side jejunal anastomosis for cancer. METHODS: An initial clinical presentation of acute pancreatitis was ruled out by a computed tomography scan, which revealed intestinal obstruction; it was then confirmed on laparoscopy. Definitive treatment was laparoscopic adhesiolysis. A complete review of the literature concerning afferent loop obstructions is presented. RESULTS: The treatment was successful, with minimal postoperative pain, and the 5-day hospital stay was uncomplicated. The patient remains asymptomatic at 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The authors advocate minimally invasive surgery as a complete diagnostic and therapeutic alternative to emergency laparotomy in cases where afferent loop syndrome is suspected, and acknowledge that prompt surgery has a higher rate of success and reduces operative morbidity and mortality. (+info)Malignant afferent loop obstruction following pancreaticoduodenectomy: report of two cases. (3/7)
We report two cases of malignant afferent loop obstruction following pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). Case 1. A 70-year-old woman, who had undergone PD for pancreatic cancer, was referred to our hospital because of fever, jaundice, and abdominal pain. Ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomography demonstrated dilatation of a small bowel loop in the right upper quadrant. Laparotomy confirmed the diagnosis of local recurrent tumor causing occlusion of the afferent limb, and Roux-en-Y bypass was performed. Case 2. A 72-year-old man, who had undergone PD for cancer of the major papilla, was hospitalized with a high-grade fever and epigastric pain. Ultrasonography and abdominal computed tomography revealed a dilated afferent loop and multiple masses in liver. At laparotomy, widespread carcinomatosis was found to have caused afferent loop obstruction, and surgical bypass was performed. In conclusion, the surgical bypass seems to be an effective palliative treatment for afferent loop syndrome after PD. (+info)Biliary stone causing afferent loop syndrome and pancreatitis. (4/7)
We report the case of an 84-year-old female who had a partial gastrectomy with Billroth-II anastomosis 24 years ago for a benign peptic ulcer who now presented an acute pancreatitis secondary to an afferent loop syndrome. The syndrome was caused by a gallstone that migrated through a cholecystoenteric fistula. This is the first description in the literature of a biliary stone causing afferent loop syndrome. (+info)Using multidetector-row CT for the diagnosis of afferent loop syndrome following gastroenterostomy reconstruction. (5/7)
(+info)Enterolith causing acute afferent loop syndrome after Billroth II gastrectomy: a case report. (6/7)
Enterolith is a rare cause of afferent loop obstruction following Billroth II gastrectomy. We report a case of acute afferent loop syndrome (ALS) due to a huge enterolith, necessitating prompt surgery. The clinical pattern may mimic acute cholangitis and/or pancreatitis. Delayed diagnosis may result in severe complications such as bowel ischemia or perforation. Only 14 reported cases of enterolith causing afferent loop obstruction were found in the English literature. (+info)Radionuclide demonstration of small-bowel anatomy in the afferent-loop syndrome: case report. (7/7)
Radionuclide imaging with I-131 rose bengal and orally administered Tc-99m colloid was successfully used to show the presence of an afferent loop that was not visualized by radiographic, endoscopic, or ultrasonic procedures. (+info)The symptoms of Afferent Loop Syndrome can vary depending on the specific cause of the disorder, but may include:
* Pain: One of the most common symptoms of Afferent Loop Syndrome is pain, which can be severe and debilitating. The pain can be described as aching, burning, or shooting, and it can affect any part of the body.
* Numbness or tingling: Patients with Afferent Loop Syndrome may also experience numbness or tingling sensations in their limbs, especially in the hands and feet.
* Weakness: Some patients may experience weakness or fatigue in their muscles, which can make it difficult to perform everyday activities.
* Sensitivity to touch: Afferent Loop Syndrome can also cause hypersensitivity to touch, making even light contact painful.
* Balance and coordination problems: Patients with this condition may experience balance and coordination problems, which can increase the risk of falls and accidents.
The exact cause of Afferent Loop Syndrome is not yet fully understood, but it is believed to be related to abnormalities in the functioning of the afferent loop, which is a neural pathway that carries information from the peripheral nervous system to the central nervous system. The condition may be caused by a variety of factors, including:
* Nerve damage: Afferent Loop Syndrome can be caused by nerve damage or injury, such as that resulting from trauma or surgery.
* Neurodegenerative diseases: Conditions such as multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease can cause Afferent Loop Syndrome.
* Infections: Certain infections, such as Lyme disease, can damage the nerves and lead to Afferent Loop Syndrome.
* Autoimmune disorders: Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus can cause inflammation and damage to the nerves, leading to Afferent Loop Syndrome.
There is no cure for Afferent Loop Syndrome, but various treatments can help manage the symptoms. These may include:
* Pain management medications: Patients with Afferent Loop Syndrome may be prescribed pain-relieving medications to help manage their discomfort.
* Physical therapy: Physical therapy can help improve muscle strength and coordination, as well as reduce fatigue.
* Occupational therapy: Occupational therapy can help patients with Afferent Loop Syndrome learn new ways to perform everyday activities that are less painful and more manageable.
* Lifestyle modifications: Making lifestyle changes such as avoiding overexertion, taking regular breaks, and practicing stress-reducing techniques can also be helpful.
It's important for individuals with Afferent Loop Syndrome to work closely with their healthcare provider to develop a personalized treatment plan that addresses their specific needs and symptoms. With appropriate treatment and lifestyle modifications, many patients with Afferent Loop Syndrome are able to manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.
The term "blind loop" refers to the fact that the communication between the small and large intestines is not normal, creating a loop that is not visible on standard imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans. The condition can be difficult to diagnose and may require specialized testing such as a CT enteroclysis or a capsule endoscopy to visualize the blind loop and identify the underlying cause.
Treatment for blind loop syndrome depends on the underlying cause, but may involve medications to reduce inflammation, antibiotics to treat infections, or surgery to repair any anatomical abnormalities. In some cases, a procedure called a "blind loop resection" may be performed to remove the abnormal communication between the small and large intestines.
Overall, blind loop syndrome is a rare and complex condition that requires specialized medical care to diagnose and treat effectively.
List of MeSH codes (C23)
List of MeSH codes (C06)
List of syndromes
Hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone
Syncope (medicine)
Neuromodulation (medicine)
Hypercapnia
Interstitial cystitis
Putamen
Visual pathway lesions
List of anatomy mnemonics
Claustrum
Gephyrin
Basal ganglia
Sensorineural hearing loss
Brain natriuretic peptide 32
Alien hand syndrome
Primate basal ganglia
Lithium (medication)
Vasopressin receptor
Zona incerta
Brain-computer interface
F wave
5-HT3 antagonist
TRPM8
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor
Procedural memory
Perception
Kidney
Hippocampus
Homeostasis
Biology of depression
Glossary of medicine
Henry Head
Agraphia
Language processing in the brain
Reward system
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Pain syndromes4
- This paper introduces a pathophysiological model for the cause of muscular tension and pain in occupational pain syndromes and chronic muskuloskeletal pain syndromes, which also might clarify why these conditions have a tendency to perpetuate themselves and spread from one muscle to another. (nih.gov)
- The role of the gamma-motor system in increasing muscle tone and muscle pain syndromes: a review of the Johansson/Sojka hypothesis. (nih.gov)
- Hundreds of pain syndromes or disorders make up the spectrum of pain. (wikidoc.org)
- A sampling of common pain syndromes follows, listed alphabetically. (wikidoc.org)
Chronic3
- It is caused by acute (complete) or chronic (intermittent) obstruction of the afferent jejunal loop due to HERNIA , intussusception, kinking, VOLVULUS , etc. (nih.gov)
- Dec. 18, 2012 - International Neuromodulation Society members Maciej Lazarewicz, MD, PhD, and Timothy Denison, PhD, of Medtronic, Inc., report along with co-authors demonstration of a prototype closed-loop deep-brain neurostimulation system in a chronic large animal model. (neuromodulation.com)
- 2015). This alcohol-induced intestinal inflammation may be at the root of multiple organ dysfunctions and chronic disorders associated with alcohol consumption, including chronic liver disease, neurological disease, GI cancers, and inflammatory bowel syndrome. (nih.gov)
ABSTRACT1
- The syndrome was characterized by four clusters of symptoms including: (a) impairment of executive functions such as planning, set-shifting, verbal fluency, abstract reasoning and working memory, (b) impaired visuo-spatial cognition, (c) personality changes with blunting of affect or abnormal behaviour, and (d) language deficits including agrammatism, wordfinding disturbances, disruption of language dynamics and dysprosodia. (biomedcentral.com)
Fundamental2
- The 3 fundamental syndromes underlying clinical ataxiology show a distinct profile in terms of symptom-lesion mapping. (biomedcentral.com)
- Leptin is an afferent signal in this fundamental endocrine feedback loop and serves a critical biological function of stably maintaining adipose tissue mass. (wolffund.org.il)
Gastric4
- Afferent Loop Syndrome as Second Presentation of Gastric Outlet Obstruction in Patient With Billroth II Anatomy. (bvsalud.org)
- We describe the endoscopic management of a 52-year-old woman with a history of Billroth II gastrojejunostomy due to gastric cancer who developed malignant gastric outlet obstruction and subsequently malignant afferent loop syndrome , using lumen-apposing metal stents . (bvsalud.org)
- 1. Gastric adenocarcinoma occurring in a young patient with common variable immunodeficiency syndrome. (nih.gov)
- 11. Giant fold gastritis with consecutive gastric carcinoma in a patient with peutz-jeghers syndrome. (nih.gov)
Disorders1
- The complex was first described in 1998 as cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS) on the basis of a careful neurological examination, detailed bedside mental state tests, neuropsychological investigations and anatomical neuroimaging of a group of 20 patients with focal cerebellar disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
Represents2
- Schmahmann's syndrome represents a novel clinical condition consisting of a constellation of cognitive and affective deficits following cerebellar disease. (biomedcentral.com)
- The area inside the pressurevolume loop represents the inner work of the ventricle, whereas exterior work is decided by the product of stroke volume and aortic pressure. (dtekerala.gov.in)
English1
- With the introduction of Schmahmann's syndrome, clinical ataxiology has found its third cornerstone, the two others being the cerebellar motor syndrome (CMS) mainly delineated by the pioneer French and English neurologists of the 19th and early 20th century, and the vestibulo-cerebellar syndrome (VCS) consisting of ocular instability, deficits of oculomotor movements and ocular misalignment. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients5
- Afferent loop syndrome can result from both benign and malignant strictures of the biliary limbs of patients with surgically altered anatomy . (bvsalud.org)
- Patients with nephrotic syndrome are at increased risk of infection. (medscape.com)
- The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommends immunization with 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13), followed by a dose of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) at least 8 weeks later, in patients with nephrotic syndrome. (medscape.com)
- Dec. 27, 2012 - A study of 25 Tourette syndrome patients under age 16, led by Nong Xiao of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong district, China, and published in the Journal of Clinical Neuroscience, showed that four weeks of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the supplemental motor area of the brain led to a six-month reduction in tic symptoms in 68 percent of the subjects. (neuromodulation.com)
- In patients with diabetic nephropathy, hyperkalemia may be caused by the syndrome of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. (aafp.org)
Common1
- 12. Nodular lymphoid hyperplasia in common variable immunodeficiency syndrome mimicking familial adenomatous polyposis on endoscopy. (nih.gov)
Diabetes2
- Leptin is now an approved treatment for generalized lipodystrophy, a condition associated with severe diabetes, and has also shown promise for the treatment of other types of diabetes and for hypothalamic amenorrhea, an infertility syndrome in females. (wolffund.org.il)
- Dec. 25, 2012 - The U.S. Patent Office issued a patent assigned to Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. (now St. Jude Medical), that addresses sympathetic nervous system stimulation for obesity or other gastrointestinal diseases such as peptic ulcers, esophageal reflux, gastroparesis, irritable bowel syndrome and type II diabetes, which may require varying degrees of sympathetic nervous system inhibition or stimulation. (neuromodulation.com)
Group2
- Metabolites produced by (static) muscle contractions stimulate group III and IV muscle afferents, which activate gamma-motoneurones projecting to both homonymous and heteronymous muscles. (nih.gov)
- Increased activity in secondary spindle afferents, which project back to the gamma system, constitutes a 'built in' second positive feedback loop which may perpetuate the condition with less 'support' from activity in group III and IV muscle afferents. (nih.gov)
Condition2
- The rare breathing pattern of our patient is reported in the literature as hyperventilation-apnoea syndrome and we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying this condition. (biomedgrid.com)
- The condition referred to as "pulsatile tinnitus" can be a somatosound or a neural event induced within the brain, usually by a dilated arterial loop affecting the auditory nerve (De Ridder et al. (nationalacademies.org)
Patient1
- Dadlani A , Eiswerth M , Bosch A , Sharpe T. Pulmonary Hypertension as a Rare Complication After Orthotopic Liver Transplant in a Patient With Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Cirrhosis Complicated by Hepatopulmonary Syndrome. (louisville.edu)
Volume2
- The area of the pressure-volume loop is plotted for every beat as a function of the end-diastolic quantity. (dtekerala.gov.in)
- C, Multiple pressure-volume loops generated by progressive will increase in afterload. (dtekerala.gov.in)
Obstruction4
- Locke GR, Alexander GL, Sarr MG. Obstructive jaundice: an unusual presentation of afferent loop obstruction. (medscape.com)
- Ogata M, Ishikawa T. Acute afferent loop obstruction caused by retroanastomotic hernia. (medscape.com)
- It is caused by acute (complete) or chronic (intermittent) obstruction of the afferent jejunal loop due to HERNIA, intussusception, kinking, VOLVULUS, etc. (bvsalud.org)
- Conditions that cause or require anatomic alterations include small-bowel diverticulosis, surgical blind loops, postgastrectomy states (especially in the afferent loop of a Billroth II), strictures, or partial obstruction. (msdmanuals.com)
Jejunal loop1
- The Y limb of the anastomosis is then completed by suturing or stapling the previously transected proximal jejunal loop in an end-to-side fashion to the distal jejunum at least 40 cm aborally to the gastrojejunostomy (see the image below). (medscape.com)
Postgastrectomy2
- Surgical options in postgastrectomy syndromes. (medscape.com)
- Postgastrectomy syndromes. (medscape.com)
Billroth-II4
- Tsutsui S, Kitamura M, Shirabe K, Baba H, Sugimachi K. Afferent loop syndrome due to scarring of a stomal ulcer following a Billroth II gastrectomy. (medscape.com)
- Carbognin G, Biasiutti C, El-Khaldi M, Ceratti S, Procacci C. Afferent loop syndrome presenting as enterolith after Billroth II subtotal gastrectomy: a case report. (medscape.com)
- Afferent loop syndrome complicated by a duodenal phytobezoar after Billroth-II subtotal gastrectomy. (medscape.com)
- The author prefers a Roux-en-Y Billroth II ( gastrojejunostomy ) reconstruction, the operative steps of which are described in the following section. (medscape.com)
Acute2
- Electrohydraulic lithotripsy of an impacted enterolith causing acute afferent loop syndrome. (medscape.com)
- On investigation, a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis due to afferent loop syndrome was made, and the patient was resuscitated in the intensive care unit. (nih.gov)
Jejunum2
- The first or second loop of jejunum that easily reaches the area of transection is mobilized. (medscape.com)
- It is used to restore bowel continuity after resection of a segment of the bowel or after creation of a Roux-en-Y loop of jejunum or as a part of a Braun loop of jejunum. (medscape.com)
Proximal1
- In case of doubt, it is better not to anastomose but rather to exteriorize (loop stoma for a perforation and proximal stoma and distal mucous fistula after resection). (medscape.com)