Aerosols. Medical search

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the air. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Compressed gases or vapors in a container which, upon release of pressure and expansion through a valve, carry another substance from the container. They are used for cosmetics, household cleaners, and so on. Examples are BUTANES; CARBON DIOXIDE; FLUOROCARBONS; NITROGEN; and PROPANE. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Devices that cause a liquid or solid to be converted into an aerosol (spray) or a vapor. It is used in drug administration by inhalation, humidification of ambient air, and in certain analytical instruments.

The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.

Relating to the size of solids.

Acidic water usually pH 2.5 to 4.5, which poisons the ecosystem and adversely affects plants, fishes, and mammals. It is caused by industrial pollutants, mainly sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, emitted into the atmosphere and returning to earth in the form of acidic rain water.

The gaseous envelope surrounding a planet or similar body. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents by inhaling them.

A measure of the amount of WATER VAPOR in the air.

The motion of air currents.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

Inorganic and organic derivatives of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The salts and esters of sulfuric acid are known as SULFATES and SULFURIC ACID ESTERS respectively.

Substances made up of an aggregation of small particles, as that obtained by grinding or trituration of a solid drug. In pharmacy it is a form in which substances are administered. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A technetium imaging agent used in renal scintigraphy, computed tomography, lung ventilation imaging, gastrointestinal scintigraphy, and many other procedures which employ radionuclide imaging agents.

Air pollutants found in the work area. They are usually produced by the specific nature of the occupation.

A mixture of smoke and fog polluting the atmosphere. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

Any substance in the air which could, if present in high enough concentration, harm humans, animals, vegetation or material. Substances include GASES; PARTICULATE MATTER; and volatile ORGANIC CHEMICALS.

Pharmacologic agents delivered into the nostrils in the form of a mist or spray.

Respirators to protect individuals from breathing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors.

A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.

A small aerosol canister used to release a calibrated amount of medication for inhalation.

A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.

The science of studying the characteristics of the atmosphere such as its temperature, density, winds, clouds, precipitation, and other atmospheric phenomena and aiming to account for the weather in terms of external influences and the basic laws of physics. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Supplying a building or house, their rooms and corridors, with fresh air. The controlling of the environment thus may be in public or domestic sites and in medical or non-medical locales. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Particles of any solid substance, generally under 30 microns in size, often noted as PM30. There is special concern with PM1 which can get down to PULMONARY ALVEOLI and induce MACROPHAGE ACTIVATION and PHAGOCYTOSIS leading to FOREIGN BODY REACTION and LUNG DISEASES.

Methods of creating machines and devices.

A device that delivers medication to the lungs in the form of a dry powder.

Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.

A series of hydrocarbons containing both chlorine and fluorine. These have been used as refrigerants, blowing agents, cleaning fluids, solvents, and as fire extinguishing agents. They have been shown to cause stratospheric ozone depletion and have been banned for many uses.

The tubular and cavernous organs and structures, by means of which pulmonary ventilation and gas exchange between ambient air and the blood are brought about.

A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).

Provision of physical and biological barriers to the dissemination of potentially hazardous biologically active agents (bacteria, viruses, recombinant DNA, etc.). Physical containment involves the use of special equipment, facilities, and procedures to prevent the escape of the agent. Biological containment includes use of immune personnel and the selection of agents and hosts that will minimize the risk should the agent escape the containment facility.

A chromone complex that acts by inhibiting the release of chemical mediators from sensitized mast cells. It is used in the prophylactic treatment of both allergic and exercise-induced asthma, but does not affect an established asthmatic attack.

Experimental devices used in inhalation studies in which a person or animal is either partially or completely immersed in a chemically controlled atmosphere.

All-purpose surfactant, wetting agent, and solubilizer used in the drug, cosmetics, and food industries. It has also been used in laxatives and as cerumenolytics. It is usually administered as either the calcium, potassium, or sodium salt.

Earth or other matter in fine, dry particles. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The motion of air relative to the earth's surface.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.

A sudden, audible expulsion of air from the lungs through a partially closed glottis, preceded by inhalation. It is a protective response that serves to clear the trachea, bronchi, and/or lungs of irritants and secretions, or to prevent aspiration of foreign materials into the lungs.

Care of patients with deficiencies and abnormalities associated with the cardiopulmonary system. It includes the therapeutic use of medical gases and their administrative apparatus, environmental control systems, humidification, aerosols, ventilatory support, bronchopulmonary drainage and exercise, respiratory rehabilitation, assistance with cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and maintenance of natural, artificial, and mechanical airways.

The maintenance of certain aspects of the environment within a defined space to facilitate the function of that space; aspects controlled include air temperature and motion, radiant heat level, moisture, and concentration of pollutants such as dust, microorganisms, and gases. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Accidentally acquired infection in laboratory workers.

The contamination of indoor air.

Standards for limiting worker exposure to airborne contaminants. They are the maximum concentration in air at which it is believed that a particular substance will not produce adverse health effects with repeated daily exposure. It can be a time-weighted average (TLV-TWA), a short-term value (TLV-STEL), or an instantaneous value (TLV-Ceiling). They are expressed either as parts per million (ppm) or milligram per cubic meter (mg/m3).

Five-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives.

A noble gas that is found in the atmosphere. It has the atomic symbol Kr, atomic number 36, atomic weight 83.80, and has been used in electric bulbs.

Living organisms or their toxic products that are used to cause disease or death of humans during WARFARE.

Reproduction of data in a new location or other destination, leaving the source data unchanged, although the physical form of the result may differ from that of the source.

A non-specific host defense mechanism that removes MUCUS and other material from the LUNGS by ciliary and secretory activity of the tracheobronchial submucosal glands. It is measured in vivo as mucus transfer, ciliary beat frequency, and clearance of radioactive tracers.

Devices that cover the nose and mouth to maintain aseptic conditions or to administer inhaled anesthetics or other gases. (UMDNS, 1999)

The first artificially produced element and a radioactive fission product of URANIUM. Technetium has the atomic symbol Tc, atomic number 43, and atomic weight 98.91. All technetium isotopes are radioactive. Technetium 99m (m=metastable) which is the decay product of Molybdenum 99, has a half-life of about 6 hours and is used diagnostically as a radioactive imaging agent. Technetium 99 which is a decay product of technetium 99m, has a half-life of 210,000 years.

An adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.

A dark powdery deposit of unburned fuel residues, composed mainly of amorphous CARBON and some HYDROCARBONS, that accumulates in chimneys, automobile mufflers and other surfaces exposed to smoke. It is the product of incomplete combustion of carbon-rich organic fuels in low oxygen conditions. It is sometimes called lampblack or carbon black and is used in INK, in rubber tires, and to prepare CARBON NANOTUBES.

Oils which are used in industrial or commercial applications.

A group of methane-based halogenated hydrocarbons containing one or more fluorine and chlorine atoms.

Spasmodic contraction of the smooth muscle of the bronchi.

The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.

A muscarinic antagonist structurally related to ATROPINE but often considered safer and more effective for inhalation use. It is used for various bronchial disorders, in rhinitis, and as an antiarrhythmic.

A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.

The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

Systems for the delivery of drugs to target sites of pharmacological actions. Technologies employed include those concerning drug preparation, route of administration, site targeting, metabolism, and toxicity.

Physiologically, the opposition to flow of air caused by the forces of friction. As a part of pulmonary function testing, it is the ratio of driving pressure to the rate of air flow.

Devices, manned and unmanned, which are designed to be placed into an orbit about the Earth or into a trajectory to another celestial body. (NASA Thesaurus, 1988)

An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.

Delivery of medications through the nasal mucosa.

The entities of matter and energy, and the processes, principles, properties, and relationships describing their nature and interactions.

Infections with bacteria of the genus PASTEURELLA.

The application of scientific knowledge or technology to pharmacy and the pharmaceutical industry. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation in the manufacture, preparation, compounding, dispensing, packaging, and storing of drugs and other preparations used in diagnostic and determinative procedures, and in the treatment of patients.

The science, art, or technology dealing with processes involved in the separation of metals from their ores, the technique of making or compounding the alloys, the techniques of working or heat-treating metals, and the mining of metals. It includes industrial metallurgy as well as metallurgical techniques employed in the preparation and working of metals used in dentistry, with special reference to orthodontic and prosthodontic appliances. (From Jablonski, Dictionary of Dentistry, 1992, p494)

The study of those aspects of energy and matter in terms of elementary principles and laws. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The mixture of gases present in the earth's atmosphere consisting of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases.

Analogs and derivatives of atropine.

A natural fuel formed by partial decomposition of vegetable matter under certain environmental conditions.

Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung.

Tests involving inhalation of allergens (nebulized or in dust form), nebulized pharmacologically active solutions (e.g., histamine, methacholine), or control solutions, followed by assessment of respiratory function. These tests are used in the diagnosis of asthma.

The sudden, forceful, involuntary expulsion of air from the NOSE and MOUTH caused by irritation to the MUCOUS MEMBRANES of the upper RESPIRATORY TRACT.

A variety of devices used in conjunction with METERED DOSE INHALERS. Their purpose is to hold the released medication for inhalation and make it easy for the patients to inhale the metered dose of medication into their lungs.

Frozen water crystals that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.

A species of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria that produces TUBERCULOSIS in humans, other primates, CATTLE; DOGS; and some other animals which have contact with humans. Growth tends to be in serpentine, cordlike masses in which the bacilli show a parallel orientation.

The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).

An institute of the CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION which is responsible for assuring safe and healthful working conditions and for developing standards of safety and health. Research activities are carried out pertinent to these goals.

The cartilaginous and membranous tube descending from the larynx and branching into the right and left main bronchi.

Compounds based on an 8-membered heterocyclic ring including an oxygen. They can be considered medium ring ethers.

Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.

Method of tissue preparation in which the tissue specimen is frozen and then dehydrated at low temperature in a high vacuum. This method is also used for dehydrating pharmaceutical and food products.

Tendency of the smooth muscle of the tracheobronchial tree to contract more intensely in response to a given stimulus than it does in the response seen in normal individuals. This condition is present in virtually all symptomatic patients with asthma. The most prominent manifestation of this smooth muscle contraction is a decrease in airway caliber that can be readily measured in the pulmonary function laboratory.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

A beta-2 adrenergic agonist used in the treatment of ASTHMA and BRONCHIAL SPASM.

A part of the upper respiratory tract. It contains the organ of SMELL. The term includes the external nose, the nasal cavity, and the PARANASAL SINUSES.

The study of the structure, preparation, properties, and reactions of carbon compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Three-dimensional representation to show anatomic structures. Models may be used in place of intact animals or organisms for teaching, practice, and study.

A glucocorticoid used in the management of ASTHMA, the treatment of various skin disorders, and allergic RHINITIS.

Narrowing of the caliber of the BRONCHI, physiologically or as a result of pharmacological intervention.

The science of studying projectiles in motion, ballistics, being applied to law. Ballistics on firearm projectiles, such as bullets, include the study of what happens inside the weapon, during the flight of the projectile, and when the projectile strikes the target, such as body tissue.

A highly toxic, colorless, nonflammable gas. It is used as a pharmaceutical aid and antioxidant. It is also an environmental air pollutant.

Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.

A species of gram-negative bacteria parasitic on HORSES and DONKEYS causing GLANDERS, which can be transmitted to humans.

A selective beta-2 adrenergic agonist used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.

An acute infection caused by the spore-forming bacteria BACILLUS ANTHRACIS. It commonly affects hoofed animals such as sheep and goats. Infection in humans often involves the skin (cutaneous anthrax), the lungs (inhalation anthrax), or the gastrointestinal tract. Anthrax is not contagious and can be treated with antibiotics.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent or treat TUBERCULOSIS.

Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.

An amine derived by enzymatic decarboxylation of HISTIDINE. It is a powerful stimulant of gastric secretion, a constrictor of bronchial smooth muscle, a vasodilator, and also a centrally acting neurotransmitter.

A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in cardiovascular and cerebral circulation.

Drugs used for their effects on the respiratory system.

Plutonium. A naturally radioactive element of the actinide metals series. It has the atomic symbol Pu, atomic number 94, and atomic weight 242. Plutonium is used as a nuclear fuel, to produce radioisotopes for research, in radionuclide batteries for pacemakers, and as the agent of fission in nuclear weapons.

Strongly cationic polymer that binds to certain proteins; used as a marker in immunology, to precipitate and purify enzymes and lipids. Synonyms: aziridine polymer; Epamine; Epomine; ethylenimine polymer; Montrek; PEI; Polymin(e).

The processes of diffusion across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER, and the chemical reactions coupled with diffusion that effect the rate of PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE, generally at the alveolar level.

Units that convert some other form of energy into electrical energy.

The group of celestial bodies, including the EARTH, orbiting around and gravitationally bound by the sun. It includes eight planets, one minor planet, and 34 natural satellites, more than 1,000 observed comets, and thousands of lesser bodies known as MINOR PLANETS (asteroids) and METEOROIDS. (From Academic American Encyclopedia, 1983)

A quaternary ammonium parasympathomimetic agent with the muscarinic actions of ACETYLCHOLINE. It is hydrolyzed by ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE at a considerably slower rate than ACETYLCHOLINE and is more resistant to hydrolysis by nonspecific CHOLINESTERASES so that its actions are more prolonged. It is used as a parasympathomimetic bronchoconstrictor agent and as a diagnostic aid for bronchial asthma. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1116)

An algal bloom where the algae produce powerful toxins that can kill fish, birds, and mammals, and ultimately cause illness in humans. The harmful bloom can also cause oxygen depletion in the water due to the death and decomposition of non-toxic algae species.

Chemistry dealing with the composition and preparation of agents having PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS or diagnostic use.

The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).

The airflow rate measured during the first liter expired after the first 200 ml have been exhausted during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination. Common abbreviations are MEFR, FEF 200-1200, and FEF 0.2-1.2.

A family of flowering plants in the order Piperales best known for the black pepper widely used in SPICES, and for KAVA and Betel used for neuroactive properties.

Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.

A weight-carrying structure for navigation of the air that is supported either by its own buoyancy or by the dynamic action of the air against its surfaces. (Webster, 1973)

MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.

The room or rooms in which the dentist and dental staff provide care. Offices include all rooms in the dentist's office suite.

The etiologic agent of TULAREMIA in man and other warm-blooded animals.

Transmission of energy or mass by a medium involving movement of the medium itself. The circulatory movement that occurs in a fluid at a nonuniform temperature owing to the variation of its density and the action of gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed; Webster, 10th ed)

Virus diseases caused by the ORTHOMYXOVIRIDAE.

The five-carbon building blocks of TERPENES that derive from MEVALONIC ACID or deoxyxylulose phosphate.

A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.

The total volume of gas inspired or expired per unit of time, usually measured in liters per minute.

A form of hypersensitivity affecting the respiratory tract. It includes ASTHMA and RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL.

Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.

Nucleosides in which the purine or pyrimidine base is combined with ribose. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The motion of fluids, especially noncompressible liquids, under the influence of internal and external forces.

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

Agents causing the narrowing of the lumen of a bronchus or bronchiole.

The sixth planet in order from the sun. It is one of the five outer planets of the solar system. Its twelve natural satellites include Phoebe and Titan.

An iron chelating agent with properties like EDETIC ACID. DTPA has also been used as a chelator for other metals, such as plutonium.

Any of the infectious diseases of man and other animals caused by species of MYCOBACTERIUM.

The ratio of alveolar ventilation to simultaneous alveolar capillary blood flow in any part of the lung. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Derived proteins or mixtures of cleavage products produced by the partial hydrolysis of a native protein either by an acid or by an enzyme. Peptones are readily soluble in water, and are not precipitable by heat, by alkalis, or by saturation with ammonium sulfate. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Organic compounds that contain the -NCO radical.

The force per unit area that the air exerts on any surface in contact with it. Primarily used for articles pertaining to air pressure within a closed environment.

Air-filled spaces located within the bones around the NASAL CAVITY. They are extensions of the nasal cavity and lined by the ciliated NASAL MUCOSA. Each sinus is named for the cranial bone in which it is located, such as the ETHMOID SINUS; the FRONTAL SINUS; the MAXILLARY SINUS; and the SPHENOID SINUS.

The volume of air that is exhaled by a maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration.

An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place.

A pyranoquinolone derivative that inhibits activation of inflammatory cells which are associated with ASTHMA, including eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, mast cells, monocytes, and platelets.

Toxic or poisonous substances elaborated by marine flora or fauna. They include also specific, characterized poisons or toxins for which there is no more specific heading, like those from poisonous FISHES.

The ash, dust, gases, and lava released by volcanic explosion. The gases are volatile matter composed principally of about 90% water vapor, and carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen. The ash or dust is pyroclastic ejecta and lava is molten extrusive material consisting mainly of magnesium silicate. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria found in soil, water, food, and clinical specimens. It is a prominent opportunistic pathogen for hospitalized patients.

The viscous secretion of mucous membranes. It contains mucin, white blood cells, water, inorganic salts, and exfoliated cells.

Unstable isotopes of xenon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. Xe atoms with atomic weights 121-123, 125, 127, 133, 135, 137-145 are radioactive xenon isotopes.

The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

A contagious disease of horses that can be transmitted to humans. It is caused by BURKHOLDERIA MALLEI and characterized by ulceration of the respiratory mucosa and an eruption of nodules on the skin.

Unsaturated pregnane derivatives containing two keto groups on side chains or ring structures.

Hypertonic sodium chloride solution. A solution having an osmotic pressure greater than that of physiologic salt solution (0.9 g NaCl in 100 ml purified water).

A plague-like disease of rodents, transmissible to man. It is caused by FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS and is characterized by fever, chills, headache, backache, and weakness.

Colloids with liquid continuous phase and solid dispersed phase; the term is used loosely also for solid-in-gas (AEROSOLS) and other colloidal systems; water-insoluble drugs may be given as suspensions.

A state in which the environs of hospitals, laboratories, domestic and animal housing, work places, spacecraft, and other surroundings are under technological control with regard to air conditioning, heating, lighting, humidity, ventilation, and other ambient features. The concept includes control of atmospheric composition. (From Jane's Aerospace Dictionary, 3d ed)

A plant species of the genus CHRYSANTHEMUM, family ASTERACEAE. The flowers contain PYRETHRINS, cinerolones, and chrysanthemines which are powerful contact insecticides. Most in the old Pyrethrum genus are reclassified to TANACETUM; some to other ASTERACEAE genera.

The capability of the LUNGS to distend under pressure as measured by pulmonary volume change per unit pressure change. While not a complete description of the pressure-volume properties of the lung, it is nevertheless useful in practice as a measure of the comparative stiffness of the lung. (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p562)

Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.

Expendable and nonexpendable equipment, supplies, apparatus, and instruments that are used in diagnostic, surgical, therapeutic, scientific, and experimental procedures.

An acute infectious disease caused by YERSINIA PESTIS that affects humans, wild rodents, and their ectoparasites. This condition persists due to its firm entrenchment in sylvatic rodent-flea ecosystems throughout the world. Bubonic plague is the most common form.

The act of BREATHING out.

Agents that suppress cough. They act centrally on the medullary cough center. EXPECTORANTS, also used in the treatment of cough, act locally.

The act of BREATHING in.

A phase transition from liquid state to gas state, which is affected by Raoult's law. It can be accomplished by fractional distillation.

An active immunizing agent and a viable avirulent attenuated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, var. bovis, which confers immunity to mycobacterial infections. It is used also in immunotherapy of neoplasms due to its stimulation of antibodies and non-specific immunity.

The dose amount of poisonous or toxic substance or dose of ionizing radiation required to kill 50% of the tested population.

A form of arboviral encephalitis endemic to Central America and the northern latitudes of South America. The causative organism (ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, VENEZUELAN EQUINE) is transmitted to humans and horses via the bite of several mosquito species. Human viral infection may be asymptomatic or remain restricted to a mild influenza-like illness. Encephalitis, usually not severe, occurs in a small percentage of cases and may rarely feature SEIZURES and COMA. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp9-10)

The proximal portion of the respiratory passages on either side of the NASAL SEPTUM. Nasal cavities, extending from the nares to the NASOPHARYNX, are lined with ciliated NASAL MUCOSA.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic coccobacillus-shaped bacteria that has been isolated from pneumonic lesions and blood. It produces pneumonia with accompanying fibrinous pleuritis in swine.

Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.

Helium. A noble gas with the atomic symbol He, atomic number 2, and atomic weight 4.003. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless gas that is not combustible and does not support combustion. It was first detected in the sun and is now obtained from natural gas. Medically it is used as a diluent for other gases, being especially useful with oxygen in the treatment of certain cases of respiratory obstruction, and as a vehicle for general anesthetics. (Dorland, 27th ed)

Gram-negative aerobic rods, isolated from surface water or thermally polluted lakes or streams. Member are pathogenic for man. Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent for LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE.

A ubiquitous sodium salt that is commonly used to season food.

An array of tests used to determine the toxicity of a substance to living systems. These include tests on clinical drugs, foods, and environmental pollutants.

A species of ALPHAVIRUS that is the etiologic agent of encephalomyelitis in humans and equines. It is seen most commonly in parts of Central and South America.

Antiprotozoal agent effective in trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and some fungal infections; used in treatment of PNEUMOCYSTIS pneumonia in HIV-infected patients. It may cause diabetes mellitus, central nervous system damage, and other toxic effects.

Behavior of LIGHT and its interactions with itself and materials.

Techniques used in studying bacteria.

Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature.

A group of ALPHAVIRUS INFECTIONS which affect horses and man, transmitted via the bites of mosquitoes. Disorders in this category are endemic to regions of South America and North America. In humans, clinical manifestations vary with the type of infection, and range from a mild influenza-like syndrome to a fulminant encephalitis. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1996, Ch26, pp8-10)

Communications using an active or passive satellite to extend the range of radio, television, or other electronic transmission by returning signals to earth from an orbiting satellite.

A key intermediate in metabolism. It is an acid compound found in citrus fruits. The salts of citric acid (citrates) can be used as anticoagulants due to their calcium chelating ability.

A gamma-emitting radionuclide imaging agent used for the diagnosis of diseases in many tissues, particularly in the gastrointestinal system, liver, and spleen.

Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens. When transmission is within the same species, the mode can be horizontal or vertical (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).

The effect of route of immunization on the lapine immune response to killed Pasteurella haemolytica and the influence of aerosol challenge with the live organism. (1/2617)

Appearance of anti-Pasteurella haemolytica antibody in the serum and broncho-alveolar washings of rabbits is independent of the route of immunization and is similar in both locations. The most influential factor in development of a humoral response is exposure to live P. haemolytica and prior exposure to the killed bacterium has no significant effect upon titre determined following aerosol challenge with live organisms. (+info)

Factors influencing the deposition of inhaled particles. (2/2617)

Because the initial deposition pattern of inhaled particles of various toxic agents determines their future clearance and insult to tissue, respiratory tract deposition is important in assessing the potential toxicity of inhaled aerosols. Factors influencing the deposition of inhaled particles can be classified into three main areas: (1) the physics of aerosols, (2) the anatomy of the respiratory tract and (3) the airflow patterns in the lung airways. In the physics of aerosols, the forces acting on a particle and its physical and chemical properties, such as particle size or size distribution, density, shape, hygroscopic or hydrophobic character, and chemical reactions of the particle will affect the deposition. With respect to the anatomy of the respiratory tract, important parameters are the diameters, the lengths, and the branching angles of airway segments, which determine the deposition. Physiological factors include airflow and breathing patterns, which influence particle deposition. Various lung models used in predicting particle deposition are reviewed and discussed. The air-way structures of various animal species are compared, showing the unique structure of the human lung compared to the animal species under study. Regional deposition data in man and dog are reviewed. Recent deposition data for small rodents are presented, showing regional difference in deposition with the right apical lobe having the highest relative deposition. (+info)

An animal exposure system using ultrasonic nebulizer that generates well controlled aerosols from liquids. (3/2617)

Various aerosol generators have been developed for animal inhalation experiments and the performance tests of measuring instruments and respirators. It has been, however, difficult to generate aerosols from an aqueous solution or suspension keeping the concentration and particle size distribution constant for a long time. Resolving such difficulties, the present study developed an animal exposure system that generates well-controlled and stable aerosols from liquids. The exposure system consists of an aerosol generator using ultrasonic nebulizer, a mixing chamber and an exposure chamber. The validity of this system was confirmed in the generation of NiCl2 and TiO2 aerosol from solution and suspension, respectively. The concentration levels of NiCl2 aerosol were kept at 3.2 mg/m3 and 0.89 mg/m3 for 5 hours with good coefficients of variation (CVs) of 2.5% and 1.7%, respectively. For TiO2 aerosol, the concentration levels of 1.59 mg/m3 and 0.90 mg/m3 were kept for 5 hours with small CVs of 1.3% and 2.0%, respectively. This exposure system could be sufficiently used for inhalation experiments with even high toxic aerosols such as NiCl2 because a momentary high concentration possibly affects results and an extremely stable concentration is required. (+info)

Acinar flow irreversibility caused by perturbations in reversible alveolar wall motion. (4/2617)

Mixing associated with "stretch-and-fold" convective flow patterns has recently been demonstrated to play a potentially important role in aerosol transport and deposition deep in the lung (J. P. Butler and A. Tsuda. J. Appl. Physiol. 83: 800-809, 1997), but the origin of this potent mechanism is not well characterized. In this study we hypothesized that even a small degree of asynchrony in otherwise reversible alveolar wall motion is sufficient to cause flow irreversibility and stretch-and-fold convective mixing. We tested this hypothesis using a large-scale acinar model consisting of a T-shaped junction of three short, straight, square ducts. The model was filled with silicone oil, and alveolar wall motion was simulated by pistons in two of the ducts. The pistons were driven to generate a low-Reynolds-number cyclic flow with a small amount of asynchrony in boundary motion adjusted to match the degree of geometric (as distinguished from pressure-volume) hysteresis found in rabbit lungs (H. Miki, J. P. Butler, R. A. Rogers, and J. Lehr. J. Appl. Physiol. 75: 1630-1636, 1993). Tracer dye was introduced into the system, and its motion was monitored. The results showed that even a slight asynchrony in boundary motion leads to flow irreversibility with complicated swirling tracer patterns. Importantly, the kinematic irreversibility resulted in stretching of the tracer with narrowing of the separation between adjacent tracer lines, and when the cycle-by-cycle narrowing of lateral distance reached the slowly growing diffusion distance of the tracer, mixing abruptly took place. This coupling of evolving convective flow patterns with diffusion is the essence of the stretch-and-fold mechanism. We conclude that even a small degree of boundary asynchrony can give rise to stretch-and-fold convective mixing, thereby leading to transport and deposition of fine and ultrafine aerosol particles deep in the lung. (+info)

A source of experimental underestimation of aerosol bolus deposition. (5/2617)

We examined the measurement error in inhaled and exhaled aerosol concentration resulting from the bolus delivery system when small volumes of monodisperse aerosols are inspired to different lung depths. A laser photometer that illuminated approximately 75% of the breathing path cross section recorded low inhaled bolus half-widths (42 ml) and negative deposition values for shallow bolus inhalation when the inhalation path of a 60-ml aerosol was straight and unobstructed. We attributed these results to incomplete mixing of the inhaled aerosol bolus over the breathing path cross section, on the basis of simultaneous recordings of the photometer with a particle-counter sampling from either the center or the edge of the breathing path. Inserting a 90 degrees bend into the inhaled bolus path increased the photometer measurement of inhaled bolus half-width to 57 ml and yielded positive deposition values. Dispersion, which is predominantly affected by exhaled bolus half-width, was not significantly altered by the 90 degrees bend. We conclude that aerosol bolus-delivery systems should ensure adequate mixing of the inhaled bolus to avoid error in measurement of bolus deposition. (+info)

Structural deficiencies in granuloma formation in TNF gene-targeted mice underlie the heightened susceptibility to aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which is not compensated for by lymphotoxin. (6/2617)

TNF and lymphotoxin-alpha (LT alpha) may act at various stages of the host response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To dissect the effects of TNF independent of LT alpha, we have used C57BL/6 mice with a disruption of the TNF gene alone (TNF-/-). Twenty-one days following aerosol M. tuberculosis infection there was a marked increase in the number of organisms in the lungs of TNF-/- mice, and by 28-35 days all animals had succumbed, with widespread dissemination of M. tuberculosis. In comparison with the localized granulomas containing activated macrophages and T cells in lungs and livers of C57BL/6 wild-type (wt) mice, cellular infiltrates in TNF-/- mice were poorly formed, with extensive regions of necrosis and neutrophilic infiltration of the alveoli. Phenotypic analysis of lung homogenates demonstrated similar numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in TNF-/- and wt mice, but in TNF-deficient mice the lymphocytes were restricted to perivascular and peribronchial areas rather than colocated with macrophages in granulomas. T cells from TNF-/- mice retained proliferative and cytokine responses to purified protein derivative, and delayed-type hypersensitivity to purified protein derivative was demonstrable. Macrophages within the lungs of TNF-/- and wt mice showed similar levels of MHC class II and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, and levels of serum nitrite were comparable. Thus, the enhanced susceptibility of TNF-/- is not compensated for by the presence of LT alpha, and the critical role of TNF is not in the activation of T cells and macrophages but in the local organization of granulomas. (+info)

Efficacy of RD3-0028 aerosol treatment against respiratory syncytial virus infection in immunosuppressed mice. (7/2617)

RD3-0028, a benzodithiin compound, has antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in cell culture. We used a mouse model of RSV infection to determine the in vivo effect of RD3-0028. Cyclophosphamide (CYP)-treated, immunosuppressed mice were inoculated intranasally. The lungs of the mice were removed on day 4. The virus titers of the lungs of RD3-0028-treated mice were compared to the virus titers of the lungs of virus-inoculated, untreated control mice. In an effort to increase the therapeutic effectiveness of this compound, RD3-0028 was administered by aerosol to RSV-infected mice by using a head-exposure system. Aerosols generated from reservoirs containing RD3-0028 (7 mg/ml) administered for 2 h twice daily for 3 days significantly reduced the pulmonary titer of RSV-infected mice. It is clear that the minimal effective dose of RD3-0028 for RSV-infected mice is significantly less than that of ribavirin, the only compound currently available for use against RSV disease. Furthermore, the RD3-0028 aerosol administration appeared to protect the lungs of infected, CYP-treated mice against tissue damage, as evidenced by the preservation of the lung architecture and a reduction in pulmonary inflammatory infiltrates. RD3-0028 aerosol was not toxic for mice at the therapeutic dose. The present study demonstrates the effectiveness of aerosol administration of RD3-0028 for RSV-infected mice. (+info)

Particle deposition in the trachea: in vivo and in hollow casts. (8/2617)

The pattern of deposition within the respiratory tract of potentially harmful particulates is a major factor in assessing any risk from individual and community exposures. Although the trachea is the most easily observed of the conductive airways, very little information concerning its particle collection characteristics is available, information which is essential for a complete and realistic description of particle deposition patterns within the entire respiratory tract. Data on tracheal deposition are also needed for development of accurate predictive models for particle deposition. The pattern of particle deposition in the trachea, and its relation to air flow, was studied in a hollow cast of the human larynx-tracheobronchial tree. Results were compared with data obtained in humans in vivo and from previous studies in hollow casts. In addition, the relevance of tracheal deposition in the hollow cast test system to deposition in vivo was examined by a direct comparison of deposition in a cast prepared from the lungs of donkeys previously studied in a series of in vivo tests. The disturbance of the air flow within the trachea caused by the larynx promoted the deposition of suspended particulates throughout the length of the trachea, and especially in proximal regions. This proximal deposition was due both to direct impaction from the air jet coming from the glottis and to effects of the tubulent flow. Turbulence produced inhomogenous deposition patterns within the trachea for particles of all sizes, although its effect was more pronounced as size decreased. Tracheal deposition in the human cast was within the range of normal in vivo tracheal depostion only when a larynx was used during cast test exposures; this emphasizes the need for the use of realistic experimental test systems for the study of particle deposition patterns. The relative patterns of deposition in casts of the donkey trachea and in the same tracheas in vivo were similar. (+info)

Aerosols scatter light, which affects the appearance of the sky and of sunsets. Changing the concentration of aerosols in the ... However, they are mostly talking about tropospheric aerosol. The aerosols have a role in the destruction of ozone due to ... showing that it is a major atmospheric aerosol absorber. Aerosols, natural and anthropogenic, can affect the climate by ... dominates the production of stratospheric sulfur aerosol. The chemistry of stratospheric sulfur aerosols varies significantly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratospheric_sulfur_aerosols

... is a key property used to characterise aerosols. Aerosols vary in their dispersity. A monodisperse aerosol, producible in the ... Aerosol is defined as a suspension system of solid or liquid particles in a gas. An aerosol includes both the particles and the ... An aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in air or another gas. Aerosols can be natural or ... Aerosols interact with the Earth's energy budget in two ways, directly and indirectly. E.g., a direct effect is that aerosols ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol

The Multi-Angle Imager for Aerosols (MAIA) is an instrument currently in development to support an investigation aimed at ... "Multi-Angle Imager for Aerosols". NASA JPL. Retrieved 6 August 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is ... The MAIA instrument measures the radiance and polarization of sunlight scattered by atmospheric aerosols, from which the ... to Launch NASA's Multi-Angle Imager for Aerosols Mission". General Atomics (Press release). 18 February 2021. Retrieved 18 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-Angle_Imager_for_Aerosols

An aerosol burn is an injury to the body caused by the pressurized gas within an aerosol spray cooling quickly, with the sudden ... In rarer cases aerosol burns are reported to have been caused by air fresheners and other compressed aerosol canisters ... Some aerosol burns are intentionally self-inflicted, the reasons being emotional/psychological. Household aerosol products such ... List of cutaneous conditions Deodorant Aerosol spray Freeze spray Frostbite Burn "Brrrr! Aerosol sprays are a silly way to get ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol_burn

A dental aerosol is an aerosol that is produced from dental instrument, dental handpieces, three-way syringes, and other high- ... These aerosols may remain suspended in the clinical environment. Dental aerosols can pose risks to the clinician, staff, and ... SARS-CoV-2 remains stable in aerosols for several hours. The virus is viable for hours in aerosols and for few days on surfaces ... Dental aerosols contain a wide range of particles with the majority being less than 50 µm. The smaller particles with size ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_aerosol

Pharrell Williams - Aerosol Can". ARIA Top 50 Singles. "Major Lazer feat. Pharrell Williams - Aerosol Can" (in Dutch). Ultratip ... "Aerosol Can" is a song produced and performed by American electronic music group Major Lazer and American recording artist ... "iTunes - Music - Aerosol Can (feat. Pharrell Williams) - Single by Major Lazer". iTunes Store (AU). Apple Inc. 14 February 2014 ... Major Lazer - Aerosol Can Feat Pharrell Williams Remix Contest Archived 2014-11-09 at the Wayback Machine :: Beatport Play " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol_Can

In the physics of aerosols, aerosol impaction is the process in which particles are removed from an air stream by forcing the ... Deposition (aerosol physics) Cascade impactor Inertial Impaction, Size and Time Archived April 1, 2011, at the Wayback Machine ... The most clear and important advantage of impaction, as opposed to filtration, is that two key aerosol parameters, size and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol_impaction

The United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols (UKCA) is a community Chemistry-Aerosol-Climate model which are research runs of the ... United Kingdom Chemistry and Aerosols (UKCA) Model UKCA: A community chemistry-climate model (Cambridge) UKCA Wiki v t e (Air ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_Chemistry_and_Aerosols_model

Aerosol Science and Technology. 48: i-iv. doi:10.1080/02786826.2013.877121. (Aerosols, Aerosol measurement). ... Aerodynamic Aerosol Classifier (AAC) is a measurement technique for classifying aerosol particles according to their ... "Generation of a Monodisperse Size-Classified Aerosol Independent of Particle Charge". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerodynamic_aerosol_classifier

Electrical aerosol spectrometry (EAS) is a technique for measurement of the number-size distribution of aerosol using a ... 1998). "Electrical aerosol spectrometer of Tartu University". Journal of Aerosol Science. 29: S427-S428. Bibcode:1998JAerS..29S ... The technique is particularly appropriate for situations where aerosol concentrations are changing on a timescale of 1 s or ... 2002). "Electrical aerosol spectrometer of Tartu University". Atmospheric Research. 62 (3-4): 315-324. Bibcode:2002AtmRe..62.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_aerosol_spectrometer

An aerosol-generating procedure (AGP) is a medical or health-care procedure that a public health agency such as the World ... The AGPs studied generate less aerosols than a cough or even just breathing, so some AGPs may not increase the risk from ... Tran K, Cimon K, Severn M, Pessoa-Silva CL, Conly J (April 2012). "Aerosol generating procedures and risk of transmission of ... The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted research to measure the aerosols produced by patients during some AGPs including tracheal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol-generating_procedure

... has also found its way into the field of pharmaceutical aerosol analysis, due to its ability to ... Aerosol science and measurements field, especially aerosol mass spectrometry has grown a lot over the last couple decades. Its ... Aerosol mass spectrometry is the application of mass spectrometry to the analysis of the composition of aerosol particles. ... the single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS), and laser ablation aerosol particle time-of-flight mass spectrometer ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol_mass_spectrometry

Within aerosol computer models aerosols and cloud droplets are mostly treated separately so that nucleation represents a loss ... In the physics of aerosols, deposition is the process by which aerosol particles collect or deposit themselves on solid ... This is where aerosol particles get into cloud droplets or cloud ice crystals through working as cloud nuclei, or being ... Condensation in aerosol dynamics Particle collection in wet scrubbers Van der Waals force Seinfeld, John; Spyros Pandis (2006 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deposition_(aerosol_physics)

Certain efficacy issues are specific to stratospheric aerosols. Lifespan of aerosols: Tropospheric sulfur aerosols are short- ... Aerosol delivery: There are two proposals for how to create a stratospheric sulfate aerosol cloud, either through the release ... Primary aerosol formation, also known as homogeneous aerosol formation, results when gaseous SO 2 combines with oxygen and ... Secondary or heterogeneous aerosol formation occurs when H2SO4 vapor condenses onto existing aerosol particles. Existing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratospheric_aerosol_injection

Measurement of the aggregate charge of aerosol particles using a filter/electrometer. The CAD like other aerosol detectors, can ... Corona Veo Charged Aerosol Detector and Corona Veo RS Charged Aerosol Detector and Thermo Scientific Vanquish Charged Aerosol ... The Charged Aerosol Detector (CAD) is a detector used in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and ... Aerosol conditioning to remove large droplets. Evaporation of solvent from the droplets to form dried particles. Particle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charged_aerosol_detector

In contrast to primary organic aerosols, which are emitted directly from the biosphere, secondary organic aerosols are either ... SOAs represent a significant proportion of aerosols contained in the troposphere. A common misconception is that the aerosol ... A secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is a molecule produced via oxidation over several generations of a parent organic molecule. ... v t e v t e (Aerosols, Atmosphere of Earth, Atmospheric dynamics, All stub articles, Organic compound stubs, Atmospheric ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary_organic_aerosol

ISBN 0 7043 8036 6. The Aerosol Grey Machine at vandergraafgenerator.co.uk Van der Graaf Generator - The Aerosol Grey Machine ( ... The Aerosol Grey Machine is the debut studio album by English progressive rock band Van der Graaf Generator. It was first ... The Aerosol Grey Machine was released in September 1969 by Mercury, in the US only. An initial edition contained the song " ... When the band signed with Charisma Records, a deal was worked out whereby The Aerosol Grey Machine would be released under the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Aerosol_Grey_Machine

The Charged Aerosol Release Experiment also known as CARE, is a project run by NASA which will use a rocket to release dust in ... A primary sensor for the Charged Aerosol Release Experiment (CARE II) was the two SuperDARN CUTLASS radars that view the ocean ... Night Time Artificial Cloud Study Using NASA Sounding Rocket, NASA An Update on theCharged Aerosol Release ExperimentCARE v t e ... "The Charged Aerosol Release Experiment (CARE) Program". 37Th Cospar Scientific Assembly. Astrophysics Data System. 37: 261. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charged_Aerosol_Release_Experiment

"Cloud-Aerosol Transport System on ISS (CATS on ISS)". eospso.nasa.gov. 28 Oct 2019. Archived from the original on 23 November ... The Cloud Aerosol Transport System (CATS) was a light detection and ranging remote sensing instrument designed to measure the ... CATS was disposed of on SpaceX CRS-17 when it was replaced by OCO-3. "Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS)". cats.gsfc.nasa. ... "Cloud-Aerosol Transport System (CATS) 1064 nm calibration and validation". Atmospheric Measurement Techniques. 12 (11): 6241- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_Aerosol_Transport_System

... BAMA: Recycle more FEA - European Aerosol Federation Sue Rogers in April 2011 ... "Contact us". British Aerosol Manufacturers' Association. Retrieved 5 August 2012. "Household recycling". British Aerosol ... households and businesses on recycling aerosols. BAMA's aims are to: Promote the aerosol and encourage innovation Set high ... The British Aerosol Manufacturers' Association (BAMA) is a UK trade association based in Stevenage representing companies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Aerosol_Manufacturers'_Association

The portable condensed aerosol device is typically designed to disperse aerosol in a 360° spray pattern, forming a large ... Condensed aerosol devices are designed to provide a controlled discharge. The aerosol-forming compound is installed inside of ... The flames are suppressed as long as the aerosol retains sufficient density. If the aerosol fails to achieve sufficient density ... The extinguishing performance of condensed aerosol fire suppressants is dependent on the density of aerosol particulates in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensed_aerosol_fire_suppression

The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) is a series of remote sensing satellite instruments used to study the ... SAGE data has been used to study the atmospheres aerosols, ozone, water vapor, and other trace gases. There has been 4 series ... Specifically, SAGE has been used to study the Earth's ozone layer and aerosols at the troposphere through the stratosphere. The ... Aerosol measurement, All stub articles, United States spacecraft stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratospheric_Aerosol_and_Gas_Experiment

... aerosols, and pollutants. Aerosols, clouds, and phytoplankton can also affect one another. PACE will measure atmospheric ... Aerosols are small solid or liquid particles suspended in the air that affect climate directly through interaction with solar ... Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem (PACE) is a NASA Earth-observing satellite mission that will continue and advance ... Improved characterization of aerosol particles will enable quantifying their impact on marine biology and ocean chemistry, as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plankton,_Aerosol,_Cloud,_ocean_Ecosystem

The e-cigarette aerosol looks like cigarette smoke to some extent. E-cigarettes do not produce aerosol between puffs. The e- ... and tobacco alkaloids in e-cigarette aerosols vary greatly. The yield of chemicals found in the e-cigarette aerosol varies ... The aerosol (mist) produced by an e-cigarette is commonly but inaccurately called vapor. In physics, a vapor is a substance in ... The aerosol (mist) produced by an e-cigarette is commonly but inaccurately called vapor. E-cigarettes simulate the action of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Composition_of_electronic_cigarette_aerosol

"KPS Capital Partners to acquire aerosol, food packaging business from Crown". World Aerosols. Retrieved 2021-04-18. McNulty, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KPS_Capital_Partners

Aerosols are diluted creams dispensed from pressurized cans with the aid of hydrocarbon propellants (up to about 10%). The ... Aerosol shaving creams are basically lather shaving cream in liquid form with propellants, vegetable waxes, and various oils ... Different types of shaving creams include aerosol shaving cream (also known as shaving foam), latherless shaving cream (also ... "Cost and Emission Reduction Analysis of HFC Emissions from Aerosols in the United States" (PDF). United States Environmental ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaving_cream

Boucher, Olivier (2015). "Stratospheric Aerosols". Atmospheric Aerosols. Springer Netherlands. p. 279. doi:10.1007/978-94-017- ... Ash and aerosols might have impacted humans and corals at large distances from the eruption. There are several estimates of the ... Such sulfate aerosols in the case of the Samalas eruption may have remained at high concentrations for about three years ... The aerosols injected into the atmosphere reduced the solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface, causing a volcanic winter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1257_Samalas_eruption

These coagulate with stratospheric aerosols. Coagulation is more extensive in the troposphere, and, at ground level, most ... ISBN 978-0-683-04481-2. Constantin Papastefanou (2008). Radioactive Aerosols. Elsevier. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-08-044075-0. Lawrence ... primarily the fission products and other weapon debris aerosols, and are usually dispersed by the wind, though weather patterns ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mushroom_cloud

"Asian Young Aerosol Scientist Award". Asian Aerosol Research Assembly. 2016. "Weekly Report for the Week of December 17, 2007 ... Three awards reached him in 2007, Asian Young Aerosol Scientist Award of the Asian Aerosol Research Assembly (AARA), SCOPUS ... "Aerosols polluting skies over Indian Ocean?". The Hindu. 6 May 2000.[dead link] "The play of environmental politics". Frontline ... He is known for his studies on atmospheric aerosols and is an elected fellow of all the three major Indian science academies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._K._Satheesh

Clouds and aerosols continue to contribute the largest uncertainty to estimates and interpretations of the Earth's changing ... "Clouds and Aerosols. In: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_formation_and_climate_change

Q. Are vaccinated and boosted people more susceptible to infection or disease with the omicron variant than unvaccinated people?. A. No. Getting vaccinated increases your protection against COVID-19. Sometimes, certain raw data can suggest otherwise, but that information cannot be used to determine how well a vaccine works.. ...

https://www.factcheck.org/issue/aerosols/

The definition of an aerosol, as used here, is a suspension of tiny particles or droplets in the air, such as dusts, mists, or ... Aerosols and Health Effects. Aerosol 101: Helpful Tutorials. Generation and Behavior of Airborne Particles (Aerosols). Aerosol ... Journal of Aerosol Research, Japan. Journal of Aerosol Science. Journal of Aerosols in Medicine. Journal of the Air Waste ... NIOSH Aerosol Research. NIOSH Aerosol Research Overview. Provides an overview of ongoing aerosol-related research projects in ...

https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/aerosols/default.html

"The first [component of the aerosol] is a colloid, an extremely tiny insoluble particle or molecule…. The second part of the ...

https://www.macobserver.com/link/mit-research-aerosol-nanobots/

Transmission of Viruses in Droplets and Aerosols in the Built Environment. *Home ... can contribute to efforts to understand and slow the spread of COVID-19 by applying fundamental knowledge about how aerosols ...

https://www.asce.org/education-and-events/explore-education/elearning-webinars/transmission-of-viruses-in-droplets-and-aerosols-in-the-built-environment

The right-hand panel of each image pair is a map of retrieved aerosol amount, parameterized by a quantity called aerosol ... This resulted in elevated aerosol levels, particularly in the month of July. The abundance of aerosol over Greece and the ... Higher amounts of aerosol within the total column of the atmosphere are indicated by green, yellow or orange pixels, and ... In the natural-color images (the left-hand panel of each pair), it is apparent that aerosol particles are more abundant over ...

https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/3629/summer-aerosols-over-greece

Healthcare workers may be exposed to infectious amounts of influenza virus in small-particle aerosols up to 6 feet from ... And the implication of the study is that small-particle aerosols do at least project virus into the environment, but they dont ... Bischoff noted that a limitation of the study was that it measured only exposure to influenza aerosols and did not evaluate ... During the sampling, patients were not using face masks or oxygen masks, and no aerosol-generating procedures were performed. ...

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/773759

Aerosol scientists bring a Read More ,. Posted on August 13, 2020. by William G. Lindsley, PhD; Francoise M. Blachere, MSc; ... Categories Aerosols, Engineering Control, Hydraulic Fracturing, Oil and Gas, Personal Protective Equipment, Respiratory Health ... Categories Aerosols, Exposure, Healthcare, Infectious Disease Resources, Influenza, Personal Protective Equipment, Women ... Research Questions for Aerosol Scientists Addressing COVID-19 and the Workplace. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) ...

https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/category/aerosols/

An increase in the amount of water inside liquid-phase clouds induced by aerosols, through the suppression of rain formation, ... We estimate that the observed decrease in cloud water offsets 29% of the global climate-cooling effect caused by aerosol- ... Here we provide direct observational evidence that, instead of a strong increase, aerosols cause a relatively weak average ... wildfires and ships-reveal that aerosol-induced cloud-water increases, caused by suppressed rain formation, and decreases, ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1423-9?utm_source=other_website&utm_medium=display&utm_content=leaderboard&utm_campaign=JRCN_2_LW_X-moldailyfeed&error=cookies_not_supported&code=61d5ec71-cd8a-45c7-b951-303aaac60fcc

Pesticides, antibiotic-resistant bacteria could be spread by raindrop aerosols. 1/14/2016 - Rain storms naturally produce ... documented how raindrops hit a surface of the Earth and create aerosols that can be carried through the wind. The aroma- ...

https://www.naturalnews.com/aerosols.html

Reservoir captures aerosol during expiratory phase for next inspiratory phase. • PEP Therapy during treatment. • One way valve ...

https://www.sun-med.com/product/circulaire-ii-aerosol-delivery-system/

Aerosol expert Alex Huffman says time, ventilation, and proximity have a big impact on whether coronavirus droplets can spread ... If it was a small room, a large room, a medium-sized room and then estimate the amount of risk that would be from aerosol," ... "The closer you are increases the chances of that, but aerosols can come out of your mouth and mix into the room. The longer ... "When you breathe and talk, the louder you talk, droplets and aerosols come out of your mouth. So, traditionally, droplets are ...

https://www.newschannel5.com/news/national/coronavirus/professor-looks-at-dangerous-aerosols-spreading-during-thanksgiving

JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/26722/browse?authority=Aerosols&type=mesh

Aerosol absorption; Aerosol backscattered radiation; Aerosol optical properties; Aerosol scattering; Hygroscopic growth. OSTI ... ARM: Derived: Hourly Averages of Aerosol intensive properties from AOS, Delene and Ogren et al, 2001. United States: N. p., ... ARM: Derived: Hourly Averages of Aerosol intensive properties from AOS, Delene and Ogren et al, 2001. United States. doi:https ... ARM: Derived: Aerosol intensive properties from AOS, Delene and Ogren et al, 2001 Dataset Koontz, Annette ; Flynn, Connor ...

https://www.osti.gov/dataexplorer/biblio/dataset/1027281

... and Cox expand on the idea that uncertainty in climate sensitivity is directly related to uncertainty in present day aerosol ... Thus it seems to me that either the influence of sulphate aerosols is overestimated, or the influence of soot aerosols ... play into the sulfur aerosol issue or is it simply averaged out by the bulk effect of all the aerosol particles present in the ... aerosols a little), SW absorbers (aerosols) etc.) changes in any of these trace constituents change the underlying ...

https://www.realclimate.org/index.php/archives/2005/07/climate-sensitivity-and-aerosol-forcings/

AEROSOLS FOR TOUGH CONDITIONS AND THE PROTECTION YOU NEED.. ...

https://www.krylon.com/en/industrial/products/mro-aerosols

99-2000 K&N All In One Cleaner, 13oz Aerosol Spray. $. 7.99. USD ... HOME/99-2000 K&N ALL IN ONE CLEANER, 13OZ AEROSOL SPRAY. ...

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Spravy - The Aerosol Gravy. Spray-on gravy from a can!. (+50, -7) [vote for,. against] ... Now we all know that gases heat up when you compress them (thats how a jet engine works), and the only reason that an aerosol ... From the makers of Roll-on Hollandaise comes Spravy, the aerosol gravy in a can. Simply spray it on any food to give that ... Obviously conventional aerosol alternatives using hand pumping action would not have enough oomph for this so I would suggest ...

https://www.halfbakery.com/idea/_22Spravy_22_20-_20The_20Aerosol_20Gravy

Aerosols reflect and absorb radiation from the sun. Thus a large concentration of most aerosol types will tend to scatter ... Changes in aerosol can therefore lead to changes in cloud properties. For example, an increase in aerosol concentration in a ... Primary aerosols are generated or emitted as solid particles, for example Saharan dust, sea salt or soot. Secondary aerosols ... This is interesting for climate change, because since aerosols cool climate, a reduction in aerosols in order to improve air ...

https://www.rmets.org/metmatters/aerosols-and-climate

Find atmospheric aerosol research articles , the worlds largest environmental industry marketplace and information resource. ... Sampling errors in the study of acid gases and anion species in atmospheric aerosols Atmospheric acid aerosols were sampled by ... Oi`ganics, and Inorganic Aerosol Components 5 Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research. University of Toronto ... Atmospheric Aerosol Research - Case study Our PC-2H Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) multistage real-time cascade impactor and ...

https://www.environmental-expert.com/articles/keyword-atmospheric-aerosol-research-136993

In this research line we plan to advance the understanding of the aerosol radiative forcing and the effects of the aerosol- ... Additionally, global aerosol forecasts are provided to the International Cooperative for Aerosol Prediction (ICAP) initiative. ... Most aerosols scatter solar radiation, cooling the atmosphere. However, black carbon, mineral dust and brown carbon (organic ... Aerosols interact with the atmospheric system scattering and absorbing solar radiation, with a significant impact on ...

https://www.bsc.es/es/research-development/research-areas/atmospheric-composition/aerosol-radiation-cloud-interactions

Monte Carlo simulation of aerosol processes. The Monte Carlo method has also been used in the study of aerosol dynamics. Kaplan ... Thus, for Brownian coagulating aerosols, the state of the aerosol at any time could be characterized by only two parameters, ... monodisperse aerosols. However, when the evolution of the aerosol is being watched for long periods of time, a sectionalization ... each with a probability that is completely uninfluenced by the history of the aerosol. Therefore, the evolution of the aerosol ...

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/50006

... And to think some people call climate ... Says NASA: This portrait of global aerosols was produced by a GEOS-5 simulation at a 10-kilometer resolution. Dust (red) is ... and shows the global distribution of aerosols. ...

https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2012-11/today-wallpapers-climate-model-spits-out-beautiful-image-global-aerosols/

When it comes to Dental Aerosols and Overspray Industrial-Grade Negative Air Machines, you can count on Grainger. Supplies and ... and liquid aerosols. HEPA filters restrict airflow less than ULPA filters, but they are less efficient at removing airborne ...

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... Sci Rep. 2019 Feb 20;9(1):2348. doi: ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30787335/

For those of us who, for years, have been researching these aerosol toxins that continue to be sprayed on us, it was a day to ... This gives a brilliant overview and shows these connections from the aerosol assault to which we are exposed all the time.. ... I would refer all readers to Clifford Carnicom s Aerosols and Morgellons: A Systems Perspective. March 23, 2009: ... 2. Two DVD documentaries have been produced: Chemtrails: Aerosol Crimes available at www.carnicom.com; and What in the World ...

https://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/Ciencia/ciencia_chemtrails23.htm

The Steam-Jet Aerosol Collector (SJAC). Khlystov, A. Y., Wyers, G., Ten Brink, H., The Steam-Jet Aerosol Collector (SJAC), ...

https://www.dri.edu/publication/6930/

Febreze Air Effects Violet Bloom Aerosol found at Hannaford Supermarket. Add to online shopping list or grocery cart for ...

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Reihenuntersuchung des natürlichen Aerosols mittels Elektronenmikroskops

https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1952AMGBA...5..166J/abstract

https://www.kxxv.com/news/national/coronavirus/professor-looks-at-dangerous-aerosols-spreading-during-thanksgiving

The definition of an aerosol, as used here, is a suspension of tiny particles or droplets in the air, such as dusts, mists, or fumes. (cdc.gov)
In the natural-color images (the left-hand panel of each pair), it is apparent that aerosol particles are more abundant over the region on the two dates in July than in either June or August. (nasa.gov)
During the 2010-2011 influenza season, they studied the spatial distribution of influenza aerosols generated by symptomatic patients in their tertiary care teaching hospital to identify features associated with the release of high levels of particles containing the virus. (medscape.com)
Portable air filtration units, or air cleaners, remove airborne particles (called aerosols) from the air indoors. (cdc.gov)
2 (SARS-CoV-2) aerosol particles shed by experimental- most were concentrated in the 2.1-4.7-mm bin (Figure, ly infected cynomolgus monkeys. (cdc.gov)
However the tiny particles that are present in the atmosphere, or aerosols, also play crucial roles in weather and climate. (rmets.org)
Primary aerosols are generated or emitted as solid particles, for example Saharan dust, sea salt or soot. (rmets.org)
Although little is known quantitatively about the accommodation coefficient of aerosol particles, their low kinetic energies make bounce-off unlikely. (intechopen.com)
For a monodisperse aerosol with N particles per unit volume, the collision frequency simplifies to Z = ΒN 2 /2. (intechopen.com)
It can also be interpreted as the time required to halve the particle concentration of an initially monodisperse aerosol by coagulation, or the time to double the volume of the particles. (intechopen.com)
removes at least 99.97% of airborne particles as small as 0.3 microns from the air, including pollen, dust, bacteria, viruses, and liquid aerosols. (grainger.com)
When an infected person breathes out, talks, sings, and/or coughs, they exhale aerosols and droplets containing millions of viral particles into the air. (internews.org)
Portable high efficiency particle air (HEPA) cleaners and masking can significantly reduce exposure to SARS-CoV-2 aerosol particles. (harvard.edu)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention briefly posted new guidance to its website stating that the coronavirus can commonly be transmitted through aerosol particles, which can be produced by activities like singing. (npr.org)
Over the weekend, the CDC page " How COVID-19 Spreads " included among the most common modes of transmission "respiratory droplets or small particles, such as those in aerosols, produced when an infected person coughs, sneezes, sings, talks, or breathes. (npr.org)
What's the difference between respiratory droplets and aerosol particles? (npr.org)
Aerosol particles are smaller and can linger in the air, moving with air currents from which they can be inhaled. (npr.org)
Aerosol sprays are any metal, glass or plastic cans for single use that contain pressurised, liquefied or dissolved gas, with or without liquid, paste or powder, and which are equipped with a valve enabling the content to spray out in the form of solid or liquid particles in gas suspension as a foam, paste or liquefied powder. (gov.si)
There are millions of tiny particles floating in the air that can provide this surface, and these particles are called aerosols . (windows2universe.org)
These tiny particles are called aerosols or particulates. (windows2universe.org)
Aerosols are tiny particles that float around in the air. (windows2universe.org)
Aerosols are microscopic liquid and solid particles suspended in the atmosphere. (baytoday.ca)
Aerosol particles are everywhere and have a large effect on both health and the climate . (baytoday.ca)
When aerosol particles interact with light, a portion of the light is absorbed but the rest reflects and scatters off of the particles. (baytoday.ca)
For most types of aerosol particles, the amount being absorbed is negligible. (baytoday.ca)
Some aerosol particles, however, are coloured, which means they are absorbing some light . (baytoday.ca)
Aerosol particles from smoke contain brown carbon. (baytoday.ca)
This is because temperature and humidity change the viscosity of aerosol particles. (baytoday.ca)
We conclude that the presence of dissolved ions, the concomitant formation of smaller nanoparticles and the absence of particles in stained lung sections immediately postexposure (inferring either translocation or more dispersed aerosol distribution) contributed to the increased inflammation observed in copper nanoparticle-exposed mice. (cdc.gov)

Civil and environmental engineers can contribute to efforts to understand and slow the spread of COVID-19 by applying fundamental knowledge about how aerosols and droplets behave in the built environment. (asce.org)
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization currently recommend fit-tested respirator masks only during aerosol-generating procedures such as bronchoscopies because influenza transmission is thought to occur mainly by large-particle respiratory droplets that face masks can block. (medscape.com)
We estimate that the observed decrease in cloud water offsets 29% of the global climate-cooling effect caused by aerosol-induced increases in the concentration of cloud droplets. (nature.com)
When you breathe and talk, the louder you talk, droplets and aerosols come out of your mouth. (newschannel5.com)
Cloud droplets require an initial "seed" to start the condensation of water - this is provided by aerosols. (rmets.org)
For example, an increase in aerosol concentration in a cloudy region might mean more seeds for the water to condense on, therefore the available water is spread over a larger number of droplets and each individual droplet is smaller. (rmets.org)
Smaller droplets reflect more light, and this "indirect effect" of aerosol on cloud can lead to a cooling of the Earth's surface. (rmets.org)
Droplets and aerosols are the main modes of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. (internews.org)
If there is a high number of aerosols in the atmosphere, then a high number of cloud droplets can form. (windows2universe.org)
Current evidence suggests that the major mode of transmission of ARIs is through large droplets, but transmission through contact (including hand contamination with subsequent self-inoculation) and infectious respiratory aerosols of various sizes and at short range (coined as "opportunistic" airborne transmission) may also occur for some pathogens. (who.int)

Dark gray pixels indicate places where clouds or other factors precluded an aerosol retrieval. (nasa.gov)
The cooling of the Earth's climate through the effects of anthropogenic aerosols on clouds offsets an unknown fraction of greenhouse gas warming. (nature.com)
An increase in the amount of water inside liquid-phase clouds induced by aerosols, through the suppression of rain formation, has been postulated to lead to substantial cooling, which would imply that the Earth's surface temperature is highly sensitive to anthropogenic forcing. (nature.com)
Here we provide direct observational evidence that, instead of a strong increase, aerosols cause a relatively weak average decrease in the amount of water in liquid-phase clouds compared with unpolluted clouds. (nature.com)
Measurements of polluted clouds downwind of various anthropogenic sources-such as oil refineries, smelters, coal-fired power plants, cities, wildfires and ships-reveal that aerosol-induced cloud-water increases, caused by suppressed rain formation, and decreases, caused by enhanced evaporation of cloud water, partially cancel each other out. (nature.com)
Clouds and aerosols. (nature.com)
Aerosols are also responsible for clouds, and rainfall. (rmets.org)
Aerosols have also been proposed as a means of mitigating greenhouse gas warming (geo-engineering), either by using them near the Earth's surface to make extra clouds, or by injecting them into the stratosphere to reflect the sun's radiation to space. (rmets.org)
Furthermore, aerosols alter the formation and precipitation efficiency of liquid-water, ice and mixed-phase clouds. (bsc.es)
There is signiﬁcant uncertainty in the strength of these aerosol-cloud interactions in analyses of observational data, partly due to the diﬃculty in separating aerosol eﬀects on clouds from correlations generated by local meteorology. (1library.net)
be misinterpreted as an aerosol inﬂuence on clouds [Yuan et al. (1library.net)
Space-based evaluation of interactions between aerosols and low-level Arctic clouds during the Spring and Summer of 2008. (nilu.com)
Uncertainty estimates are important when retrieving properties of clouds and aerosols from satellites measurements. (researchgate.net)

if the aerosol spray includes separate instructions for use, they shall also show such warnings about the product's function. (gov.si)
The presto range of products, together with the spray paints mady by European Aerosols, is the perfect repair system and thus offers a highly competent assortment for pre-treatment, underbody coating, cleaning, protection and car up to lacquers - everything from once source. (european-aerosols.com)
All Ferro metal laser marking aerosol products are formulated to deliver permanent, high-contrast and high-resolution marks for laser marking on metal using a spray application process. (laserjumpstart.com)
Equipped with a universal spray actuator, AirWorks Metered Aerosol Air Fresheners fit most metered spray dispensers. (ohsooffices.com)

This work casts doubts on the degree of progress that can be made solely through advances in the understanding of anthropogenic aerosols and suggests that we need to discover more about the workings of the pre-industrial environment, when natural aerosols were predominant. (natureasia.com)

These studies compared ATROVENT HFA Inhalation Aerosol, ATROVENT CFC Inhalation Aerosol, and placebo (in one study only) in 1010 COPD patients. (rxlist.com)

This page provides links to a variety of information regarding the measurement, control, exposure characterization and health effects associated with aerosols in the workplace. (cdc.gov)
Dr. Bischoff noted that a limitation of the study was that it measured only exposure to influenza aerosols and did not evaluate transmission of disease. (medscape.com)
Air filtration units were widely used during large wildfire outbreaks in the western United States,[1] and their use surged nationwide during the COVID-19 pandemic as a way to reduce exposure to aerosols containing the SARS-CoV-2 virus. (cdc.gov)

MISR retrieves information on aerosol amount and particle properties by using the changes in scene brightness and contrast at nine widely-spaced view angles and four spectral bands. (nasa.gov)
SAN DIEGO, California - Healthcare workers may be exposed to infectious amounts of influenza virus in small-particle aerosols as far as 6 feet from patients. (medscape.com)
During this work, only coagulation due to Brownian motion is considered as this is the dominant mechanism for particle interactions in aerosols. (intechopen.com)
In the present study, we characterized the variability in mass concentration and particle size distribution associated with the aerosol generation of different devices and e-liquid compositions in an experimental setup. (bvsalud.org)

They find that only 34 per cent of the variance in aerosol forcing since pre-industrial times (around 1750) is associated with anthropogenic emissions, with 45 per cent of the variance linked to natural emissions of volcanic sulphur dioxide, marine dimethylsulphide and other natural sources. (natureasia.com)

Certain testing procedures for individual types of aerosol sprays have also been determined. (gov.si)

2020) Aerosol and Surface Stability of SARS-CoV-2 as Compared with SARS-CoV-1. (news-medical.net)

Pulmonary responsiveness to methacholine and disodium hexachloroplatinate (Na2PtCl6) aerosols in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). (cdc.gov)

Higher amounts of aerosol within the total column of the atmosphere are indicated by green, yellow or orange pixels, and clearer skies are indicated by purple and blue pixels. (nasa.gov)
Secondary aerosols are formed in the atmosphere by chemical reactions, for example ammonium sulphate aerosols are formed from the gases sulphur dioxide and ammonia, whilst organic aerosols are formed by chemical reactions acting on chemicals such as isoprene which is emitted by vegetation. (rmets.org)
Once in the atmosphere, aerosols can have a variety of impacts. (rmets.org)
Unlike several of the greenhouse gases, aerosols have a short lifetime in the lowest part of the atmosphere as they are washed out by rainfall. (rmets.org)
In the framework of the cross-border EU INTERREG IIIA activity, the joint Anglo-French project, ATTMA, has been commissioned to study Aerosol Transport in the atmosphere of the Cross-Channel, or 'Trans-Manche' region of Nord-Pas-de-Calais (France) and Kent (Great Britain). (environmental-expert.com)
Most aerosols scatter solar radiation, cooling the atmosphere. (bsc.es)
However, black carbon, mineral dust and brown carbon (organic aerosol with radiation absorbing properties) absorb solar radiation and warm the atmosphere. (bsc.es)

2005] and aerosol properties [Zhang et al. (1library.net)

Replacement/Spare nozzles for DNA Aerosol cans. (dna-paints.com)

This is interesting for climate change, because since aerosols cool climate, a reduction in aerosols in order to improve air quality, could lead to an extra warming of climate. (rmets.org)
Atmospheric aerosols significantly affect the earth's radiation balance by absorbing and scattering solar radiation, leading to a decrease in atmospheric visibility and contributing to climate change. (aaqr.org)

In November 2021, we launched our new name, European Aerosols. (european-aerosols.com)

Aerosols and the lung : clinical and experimental aspects / edited by Stewart W. Clarke and Demetri Pavia. (who.int)

In this research line we plan to advance the understanding of the aerosol radiative forcing and the effects of the aerosol-radiation interactions (ARI) upon meteorology. (bsc.es)

During the sampling, patients were not using face masks or oxygen masks, and no aerosol-generating procedures were performed. (medscape.com)

It solves the fate of global relevant aerosols and the atmospheric chemistry following an online approach. (bsc.es)
A major research area in atmospheric chemistry focuses on the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which contains a large variety of low-volatility organic compounds when generated by the ozonolysis of monoterpenes. (aaqr.org)

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised many questions about the transmission of the virus that causes COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, including the possibility of aerosol transmission. (cdc.gov)
The virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is stable for several hours to days in aerosols and on surfaces, according to a new study from National Institutes of Health, CDC, UCLA and Princeton University scientists The New England Journal of Medicine . (news-medical.net)
The scientists found that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was detectable in aerosols for up to three hours, up to four hours on copper, up to 24 hours on cardboard and up to two to three days on plastic and stainless steel. (news-medical.net)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention posted guidance Friday evening saying that aerosol transmission might be one of the "most common" ways the coronavirus is spreading - and then took the guidance down on Monday. (npr.org)

In July, the World Health Organization updated its guidance on aerosols after more than 200 scientists urged it to do so. (npr.org)

I have therefore re-calculated their Figure 1, including the terms for the other forcings and their uncertainties along with the aerosol forcing estimates, and using the ocean heat content changes from Hansen et al (2005) (around 0.85 W/m 2 - a smaller value for the ocean heat imbalance moves the curve even further to the right). (realclimate.org)
The DRUM aerosol samples were analyzed for mass, optical absorption, and elemental content in 3 h time resolution to allow separation of day and night. (elsevier.com)

Aerosol-cloud interactions have the potential to modify many diﬀerent cloud properties. (1library.net)

Garnier Fructis Style Full Control Non-Aerosol Ultra Strong Hairspray - 8.5 Fl. (safeway.com)
Dove Style+Care Non Aerosol Hairspray Extra Hold - 9.25 Fl. (safeway.com)

Inorganic and organic constituents of aerosols from a major railyard and repair facility were characterized to develop a profile of emissions from railyard activities. (elsevier.com)
0.1 μm) aerosols associated with diesel exhaust such as mass, organic matter, transition metals, and sulfur, the latter 3.3% of the mass since locomotive diesel fuel still contained sulfur. (elsevier.com)

While healthcare services are learning to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, dental care services, in Settings during the particular restorative dental practice have been adversely impacted because of the closeness of caregivers to the Covid-19 Pandemic patient's mouth as wel as the generation of aerosols during most restorative procedures. (who.int)
care is severely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, The Challenges of Infection Risk from Aerosols in due to the close proximity of the dental team to Dentistry patient's mouth and the formation of aerosols by Aerosol-generating procedures are at the centre of most dental treatment procedures3. (who.int)

Researchers recently determined that while potentially health-damaging aerosols are relatively evenly distributed throughout Switzerland and Liechtenstein, some potentially dangerous compounds in the aerosols tend to cluster near cities. (harvard.edu)

They are mainly involved in airborne transmission of a virus and even minimal movements of air such as a small breeze can help carry away the aerosols containing viruses. (internews.org)
However, healthcare settings are also vulnerable to the introduction and spread of SARS-CoV-2, and the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols and on surfaces likely contributes to transmission of the virus in healthcare settings. (news-medical.net)
For a few days, researchers who have suspected aerosol transmission for months cheered the update as a long-overdue acknowledgment of accumulating evidence for how the virus transmits, particularly in indoor spaces. (npr.org)
The page makes no mention of aerosol transmission. (npr.org)
In these outbreaks, aerosol transmission, particularly in these indoor locations where there are crowded and inadequately ventilated spaces where infected persons spend long periods of time with others, cannot be ruled out. (npr.org)
Opportunistic airborne transmission may occur when conducting high-risk aerosol generating procedures and airborne precautions will be required in this setting. (who.int)
Airborne transmission might take place during Case identification aerosol-generating procedures. (who.int)

Versatile aerosol lubricant endures high temps and extreme pressures. (trichemusa.com)

Aerosols can also be a problem for air quality, and so emissions have reduced in Europe and the US in recent decades. (rmets.org)
Now Ken Carslaw and colleagues present an analysis of 28 parameters representing aerosol and precursor gas emissions and other factors that could influence cloud brightness. (natureasia.com)

Thus a large concentration of most aerosol types will tend to scatter sunlight back to space, preventing the direct beam reaching the Earth's surface. (rmets.org)

These results and those of Roseville Railyard Aerosol Monitoring Project (RRAMP) largely confirm earlier California Air Resources Board's (ARB) model estimates of health impacts downwind of the railyard based on diesel exhaust, while adding data on very fine transition metals and contaminated soils, potentially important to human health. (elsevier.com)

This social media video material (4 seconds) from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention identifies the potential harmful substances in e-cigarette aerosol. (cdc.gov)
Suggested post copy: E-cigarette aerosol can contain harmful substances that can be inhaled deep into the lungs. (cdc.gov)

It is well accepted that aerosols contribute to the radiative forcing of climate. (bsc.es)

The ratio between the downwind versus upwind sites at night was as high as 21.9 (NO, RRAMP) and 6.4 (optical absorption, DRUM) but many species had ratios greater than 2, demonstrating which aerosols arose from railyard activities. (elsevier.com)

There were also coarse soil aerosols contaminated with anthropogenic metals and petroleum-derived n-alkanes. (elsevier.com)

Laser-bonded marks created with Ferro's laser marking aerosols produce permanent, high-resolution marks on a wide range of metals. (laserjumpstart.com)

High aerosol concentrations can improve plant productivity, until other effects such as temperature or plant physiological issues become dominant. (rmets.org)

The overall degree of warming or cooling is still not clear due to model uncertainties in aerosol emission, dynamics, chemical composition, optical properties, and cloud processes. (bsc.es)

Chew Stop™ Aerosol will deter chewing and destructive behavior in horses to save your wooden structures and horse clothing. (doversaddlery.com)

Gold Seal Touch-Up Aerosols are the ideal touch-up products for small areas with minor blemishes. (glitsa.com)
The two impacted products are the Suave 24-Hour Protection Aerosol Antiperspirant Powder in the 4 and 6 oz. sizes, and the 6 oz. (cbsnews.com)
Police said the results of a blood test showed the presence of difluoroethane, which is commonly used in aerosol products. (wpbf.com)

Simple Green® Heavy-Duty BBQ & Grill Cleaner - Aerosol has not been reviewed yet. (simplegreen.com)

Aerosols reflect and absorb radiation from the sun. (rmets.org)
Aerosols interact with the atmospheric system scattering and absorbing solar radiation, with a significant impact on atmospheric energy and hydrologic processes. (bsc.es)
The relationship between aerosol and cloud fraction (CF) is particularly important to determine, due to the strong correlation of CF to other cloud properties and its large impact on radiation. (1library.net)
The result is significantly different when we put this new, longer-lasting brown carbon into an atmospheric model that simulates the transport of aerosols around the planet and how they interact with solar radiation. (baytoday.ca)

Some aerosols have mainly natural origins (dust, sea salt, volcanic ash and volcanic sulphates), whilst others result at least partly from human activities (some soot, ammonium sulphate and ammonium nitrate). (rmets.org)

Now we all know that gases heat up when you compress them (that's how a jet engine works), and the only reason that an aerosol is cold is because of the hydrocarbon propellant which evaporates on exit from the can (indeed it is the pressure of the compressed propellant which drives the aerosol). (halfbakery.com)

ERA-Interim data are available from the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) archive, https://www.ecmwf.int/en/forecasts/datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era-interim/ . (nature.com)
5 'Southern Ontario Centre for Atmospheric Aerosol Research. (environmental-expert.com)

This work presents a new method to analyze the relationship between aerosol optical depth (AOD) and CF. By including information about the cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC), the impact of the meteorological covariations is signiﬁcantly reduced. (1library.net)
Many atmospheric aerosols have the ability to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), inﬂuencing the cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC). (1library.net)

Evaluation of a prototype inhalable sampler: metal aerosols. (cdc.gov)

Atmospheric aerosols can be either solid or liquid, with diameters of a few nanometers to tens of microns. (rmets.org)

Anatomy10

Organisms19

Diseases33

Chemicals and Drugs80

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment43

Phenomena and Processes44

Disciplines and Occupations8

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture18

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Health Care33

The effect of route of immunization on the lapine immune response to killed Pasteurella haemolytica and the influence of aerosol challenge with the live organism. (1/2617)

Factors influencing the deposition of inhaled particles. (2/2617)

An animal exposure system using ultrasonic nebulizer that generates well controlled aerosols from liquids. (3/2617)

Acinar flow irreversibility caused by perturbations in reversible alveolar wall motion. (4/2617)

A source of experimental underestimation of aerosol bolus deposition. (5/2617)

Structural deficiencies in granuloma formation in TNF gene-targeted mice underlie the heightened susceptibility to aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, which is not compensated for by lymphotoxin. (6/2617)

Efficacy of RD3-0028 aerosol treatment against respiratory syncytial virus infection in immunosuppressed mice. (7/2617)

Particle deposition in the trachea: in vivo and in hollow casts. (8/2617)

Air Microbiology

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