Chemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHumanitiesInformation ScienceHealth Care
Aerosol PropellantsChlorofluorocarbonsHydrocarbons, FluorinatedChlorofluorocarbons, MethaneMetered Dose InhalersNebulizers and VaporizersAerosolsAdministration, InhalationFenoterolBeclomethasonePowdersAlbuterolBronchodilator AgentsParticle SizeAnti-Asthmatic AgentsEquipment DesignSafetyNobel PrizeDeodorantsHydrocarbonsGeographyNewspapersMass Media
Aerosol Propellants
Compressed gases or vapors in a container which, upon release of pressure and expansion through a valve, carry another substance from the container. They are used for cosmetics, household cleaners, and so on. Examples are BUTANES; CARBON DIOXIDE; FLUOROCARBONS; NITROGEN; and PROPANE. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Chlorofluorocarbons
A series of hydrocarbons containing both chlorine and fluorine. These have been used as refrigerants, blowing agents, cleaning fluids, solvents, and as fire extinguishing agents. They have been shown to cause stratospheric ozone depletion and have been banned for many uses.
Hydrocarbons, Fluorinated
Chlorofluorocarbons, Methane
A group of methane-based halogenated hydrocarbons containing one or more fluorine and chlorine atoms.
Metered Dose Inhalers
A small aerosol canister used to release a calibrated amount of medication for inhalation.
Nebulizers and Vaporizers
Devices that cause a liquid or solid to be converted into an aerosol (spray) or a vapor. It is used in drug administration by inhalation, humidification of ambient air, and in certain analytical instruments.
Aerosols
Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.
Administration, Inhalation
The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.
Fenoterol
An adrenergic beta-2 agonist that is used as a bronchodilator and tocolytic.
Beclomethasone
An anti-inflammatory, synthetic glucocorticoid. It is used topically as an anti-inflammatory agent and in aerosol form for the treatment of ASTHMA.
Powders
Substances made up of an aggregation of small particles, as that obtained by grinding or trituration of a solid drug. In pharmacy it is a form in which substances are administered. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Albuterol
A short-acting beta-2 adrenergic agonist that is primarily used as a bronchodilator agent to treat ASTHMA. Albuterol is prepared as a racemic mixture of R(-) and S(+) stereoisomers. The stereospecific preparation of R(-) isomer of albuterol is referred to as levalbuterol.
Bronchodilator Agents
Agents that cause an increase in the expansion of a bronchus or bronchial tubes.
Particle Size
Relating to the size of solids.
Anti-Asthmatic Agents
Drugs that are used to treat asthma.
Equipment Design
Methods of creating machines and devices.
Safety
Freedom from exposure to danger and protection from the occurrence or risk of injury or loss. It suggests optimal precautions in the workplace, on the street, in the home, etc., and includes personal safety as well as the safety of property.
Nobel Prize
Deodorants
Agents that remove, correct, repress, or mask undesirable ODORS. In personal hygiene, deodorants often contain astringent preparations that reduce SWEATING, referred to as ANTIPERSPIRANTS. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Hydrocarbons
Geography
The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)
Newspapers
Publications printed and distributed daily, weekly, or at some other regular and usually short interval, containing news, articles of opinion (as editorials and letters), features, advertising, and announcements of current interest. (Webster's 3d ed)
Mass Media
Instruments or technological means of communication that reach large numbers of people with a common message: press, radio, television, etc.

Pharmacokinetics of chlorofluorocarbon and hydrofluoroalkane metered-dose inhaler formulations of beclomethasone dipropionate. (1/62)

AIMS: To compare the pharmacokinetic profile of Beclazone (beclomethasone dipropionate) in its chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based and CFC-free formulations. METHODS: Ten healthy adults received a single 1,000 microg nominal dose (ex-valve) of beclomethasone dipropionate from a CFC inhaler (BEC-CFC) or from a CFC-free inhaler containing hydrofluoroalkane (HFA)-134a (BEC-HFA) in an open-label, randomized, two-way, crossover study. Blood samples were collected predose and over 12 h after inhalation. Comparisons were made of maximum plasma concentration of beclomethasone 17-monopropionate (17-BMP) (Cmax), and area under the plasma concentration vs time curve (AUC). RESULTS: The tmax was significantly (P<0.05) earlier with BEC-HFA and plasma levels were significantly higher following administration of BEC-HFA than BEC-CFC. Geometric mean values for AUC were 1.5 fold greater (90% CI 1.3-1.9) and for Cmax were 1.9 fold greater (90% CI 1.6-2.6) following BEC-HFA than BEC-CFC. CONCLUSIONS: Our data in healthy volunteers would not be consistent with the manufacturers' recommendation for a microgram equivalent (1:1) nominal dose switch between these HFA and CFC formulations. Further well designed trials are required in asthmatic patients to properly define their respective dose-response relationships for antiasthmatic and systemic adverse effects.  (+info)

Comparison of the safety of drug delivery via HFA- and CFC-metered dose inhalers in CAO. (2/62)

The objective of this study was to compare the long-term safety of a fixed combination of fenoterol hydrobromide (50 microg) and ipratropium bromide (20 microg) delivered using a metered dose inhaler (MDI) formulated with a non-chlorinated propellant, hydrofluoroalkanel34a (HFA-MDI), with delivery using the conventional chlorofluorocarbon propellant (CFC-MDI, Berodual/Bronchodual). The study was designed according to Safety Assessment of Marketed Medicines (SAMM) guidelines, to reflect as far as possible the use of MDls under normal prescribing conditions. Two thousand and twenty-seven patients with chronic airways obstruction (CAO) were enrolled from 99 centres in France, 95 centres in Germany and 24 centres in Italy. Following a 2-week run-in period, patients were randomized on a 2:1 basis (1,348 patients to HFA-MDI, 679 patients to CFC-MDI) to receive a flexible dose regimen of the combination (2 puffs, 2-4 times a day, as prescribed by the investigator) during a 12-week open label phase. The overall incidence of adverse events was comparable between both groups. In addition, the incidence of respiratory side effects was also similar, with CAO exacerbations or bronchitis the most frequently recorded events. The safety profile of the HFA formulation was comparable to those of the marketed CFC-MDIs used in Germany and France/Italy. No clinically significant differences were detected between HFA134a or CFC driven inhalers on the switch from CFC- to HFA-MDI (2 weeks before randomisation versus 2 weeks after randomization). There was a trend for taste complaints to be reported more frequently by patients in the HFA-MDI group (0.7% before randomization versus 3.4% after randomization). This, however, was an expected finding as the HFA134a formulation does have a different taste to the CFC formulation. No difference between formulations was observed in the incidences of coughing or paradoxical bronchospasm. The incidence of falls in FEV1 >15% within 15 min following inhalation at each of the clinic visits was 1.2% for both CFC- and HFA-MDIs. In conclusion, administration of a fenoterol/ipratropium bromide combination via hydrofluoroalkane-metered dose inhaler is as safe as delivery by the currently available chlorofluorocarbon-metered dose inhaler, in an extended population of patients with CAO under normal prescribing conditions.  (+info)

Fenoterol hydrobromide delivered via HFA-MDI or CFC-MDI in patients with asthma: a safety and efficacy comparison. (3/62)

The main objective of the study was to compare the long-term safety and tolerability of fenoterol hydrobromide delivered using a metered-dose inhaler formulated with the alternative propellant, hydrofluoroalkane 134a (HFA-MDI), with delivery using the currently available chlorofluorocarbon MDI (CFC-MDI; Berotec 100). A further objective was to compare the efficacy of fenoterol HFA-MDI with fenoterol CFC-MDI, using the pulmonary function parameters of forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Following a 2-week run-in phase, a 12-week, double-blind parallel group comparison was undertaken in 290 patients randomized on a 2:1 basis to two puffs of 100 microg fenoterol four times a day (HFA-MDI=197 patients; CFC-MDI=93 patients). A total of 236 patients in this multi-centre study completed the trial as planned. The overall incidence of adverse events (AEs) was similar in both groups (29.9% of HFA-MDI patients and 28% of CFC-MDI patients). Reports of respiratory disorder AEs were also comparable (21.8% HFA-MDI; 22.6% CFCMDI). End of study laboratory tests, ECG, pulse, blood pressure and physical examination showed no significant differences from pre-study baselines in either group and both treatments appeared to be well tolerated. Pre-dose FEV1 measurements taken at the three clinic visits were constant and increase in FEV1 at 5 and 30 min post-dose demonstrated equivalent efficacy for the two formulations. No difference between the two groups was observed in PEF or in the use of rescue medication. We conclude from these findings that the long-term safety and efficacy profile of fenoterol HFA-MDI is comparable to that of the fenoterol CFC-MDI.  (+info)

Delivery of fenoterol via Respimat, a novel 'soft mist' inhaler. a randomised, double-blind (within device), placebo-controlled, cross-over, dose-ranging study in asthmatic patients. (4/62)

BACKGROUND: The phase-out of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) for metered dose inhalers (MDIs) has prompted the development of alternative propellants and the design of propellant-free devices for inhalation therapy. OBJECTIVE: This study was carried out to determine the dose of fenoterol inhaled from Respimat (RMT), a new propellant-free soft mist inhaler, which is equivalent in terms of efficacy and safety to 1 puff of either 100 or 200 microg fenoterol inhaled from a conventional CFC-MDI (Berotec). METHODS: Sixty-two asthmatic patients (35 male, 27 female) with a mean baseline FEV(1) of 1.7 liters, corresponding to 55% of the predicted normal value, were randomized at two study centers to 4 of a total of 8 possible treatments: placebo; 12.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 microg fenoterol via RMT, and 100 or 200 microg fenoterol delivered via the MDI. RESULTS: Fifty-nine patients completed the study as planned. Results of the therapeutic equivalence test for the primary endpoint, average FEV(1) (AUC(0-6))/6 and for the secondary endpoint, peak FEV(1), showed that the 12.5- and 25-microg fenoterol doses administered via RMT were equivalent to the 100 microg fenoterol dose from the MDI. The 50-, 100- and 200-microg fenoterol doses delivered by RMT did not meet the criterion for therapeutic equivalence with the 100-microg dose from the MDI, and if tested for a difference would have been significantly different in favor of RMT. All 5 RMT fenoterol doses were therapeutically equivalent to the MDI 200-microg fenoterol dose. Headache, reported by 4 patients on test days and 2 patients between test days in those randomized to RMT, was the most common adverse event, but the active treatments were generally well tolerated with no dose-dependent increases in incidence or severity of adverse events observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results from the study suggest that safe and efficacious bronchodilation can be obtained from single-dose fenoterol administered via RMT. Use of lower absolute doses to obtain a clinically significant improvement in pulmonary function may be possible because of the increased lung deposition achievable with the novel soft mist inhaler.  (+info)

Factors affecting the efficiency of aerosol therapy with pressurised metered-dose inhalers through plastic spacers. (5/62)

AIM: The main objective of this study was to compare the in vitro delivery of salbutamol from a chlorofluorocarbon(CFC)-propelled pressurised metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) versus a newly developed hydrofluoroalkane(HFA)-propelled pMDI through various spacers. In addition, we aimed to study the effect on bronchodilator response when using an optimal pMDI/spacer combination for aerosol delivery compared to a suboptimal combination. METHODS: Particle size distribution and output from salbutamol pMDIs containing either CFC propellants (Ventolin) or HFA propellants (Airomir) were measured using a multistage liquid impinger (MSLI) and compared to that through both detergent-coated (non-static) or untreated (static) large volume (Nebuhaler, Volumatic) and small volume (Aerochamber) plastic spacers. Flow-volume curves (FEV1) were obtained from twelve asthmatic children with known significant bronchodilator response (8 males), aged 13-17 years, randomly inhaling salbutamol from a CFC-pMDI through a static spacer (Nebuhaler) and from an HFA-pMDI through a non-static spacer (Nebuhaler). RESULTS: In vitro output of particles in the respirable range (< 6.8 microns) from HFA-pMDIs was significantly higher than that from CFC-pMDIs using various spacers. Removal of electrostatic charge increased output from CFC- and HFA-pMDIs through all spacers by 17-82%. The mean (SD) bronchodilator response after inhalation of salbutamol from a CFC-pMDI through a static spacer was 7.1% (6.3%) compared to 17.5% (7.9%) after inhalation from an HFA-pMDI through a non-static spacer (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: Use of a newly developed HFA-propelled pMDI greatly improves drug delivery through spacers compared to a CFC-propelled pMDI. However, electrostatic charge in plastic spacers remains the key determinant limiting delivery of salbutamol from a pMDI through spacers, and can be reduced by soaking the spacer in a household detergent. Using an optimal pMDI/spacer combination leads to a significantly improved bronchodilator response.  (+info)

Bedside tracer gas technique accurately predicts outcome in aspiration of spontaneous pneumothorax. (6/62)

BACKGROUND: There is no technique in general use that reliably predicts the outcome of manual aspiration of spontaneous pneumothorax. We have hypothesised that the absence of a pleural leak at the time of aspiration will identify a group of patients in whom immediate discharge is unlikely to be complicated by early lung re-collapse and have tested this hypothesis by using a simple bedside tracer gas technique. METHODS: Eighty four episodes of primary spontaneous pneumothorax and 35 episodes of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax were studied prospectively. Patients breathed air containing a tracer (propellant gas from a pressurised metered dose inhaler) while the pneumothorax was aspirated percutaneously. Tracer gas in the aspirate was detected at the bedside using a portable flame ioniser and episodes were categorised as tracer gas positive (>1 part per million of tracer gas) or negative. The presence of tracer gas was taken to imply a persistent pleural leak. Failure of manual aspiration and the need for a further intervention was based on chest radiographic appearances showing either failure of the lung to re-expand or re-collapse following initial re-expansion. RESULTS: A negative tracer gas test alone implied that manual aspiration would be successful in the treatment of 93% of episodes of primary spontaneous pneumothorax (p<0.001) and in 86% of episodes of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax (p=0.01). A positive test implied that manual aspiration would either fail to re-expand the lung or that early re-collapse would occur despite initial re-expansion in 66% of episodes of primary spontaneous pneumothorax and 71% of episodes of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax. Lung re-inflation on the chest radiograph taken immediately after aspiration was a poor predictor of successful aspiration, with lung re-collapse occurring in 34% of episodes by the following day such that a further intervention was required. CONCLUSIONS: National guidelines currently recommend immediate discharge of patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax based primarily on the outcome of the post-aspiration chest radiograph which we have shown to be a poor predictor of early lung re-collapse. Using a simple bedside test in combination with the post-aspiration chest radiograph, we can predict with high accuracy the success of aspiration in achieving sustained lung re-inflation, thereby identifying patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax who can be safely and immediately discharged home and those who should be observed overnight because of a significant risk of re-collapse, with an estimated re-admission rate of 1%.  (+info)

Exposure to halogenated hydrocarbons in the indoor environment. (7/62)

The indoor environment has frequently been ignored as a significant source of exposure to air pollutants. To date there are a number of documented examples of levels of indoor air pollutants greatly exceeding those levels which commonly occur in the outdoor environment. Among these instances are airborne buildup of polynuclear aromatics and cadmium from cigarette smoke, lead from burning candles, and vinyl chloride from use of aerosols containing this substance as a propellant. These examples suggest that there may be additional sources of indoor air pollutants, particularly halogenated hydrocarbons from aerosol products, which have heretofore not been generally recognized as important. The present paper endeavors to review those instances where halogenated hydrocarbons in the indoor air environment may build up to concentrations of potential public health concern. These considerations may be especially relevant in future years as increasing efforts are being made to insulate buildings more efficiently as a means to conserve energy. The available data strongly suggest that halogenated hydrocarbons are an important class of air pollutants in the indoor environment and that their presence in the outdoor environment should also be carefully examined. In this regard, halogenated hydrocarbons in the outdoor environment may also contaminate indoor air spaces.  (+info)

Moving from CFC aerosol to HFA aerosol or dry powder inhalers: what do patients think? (8/62)

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Environmentally friendly hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) pressurised metered-dose inhalers are currently being marketed to replace chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-driven devices. It is uncertain whether these new formulations with different properties are acceptable to patients. Similarly, switching a patient to a dry powder inhaler (DPI) carries the risk of non-acceptance. METHODS: One hundred patients with obstructive airway disease on regular CFC aerosol inhaler medication underwent a standardised, structured interview. During the interview patients were asked to use a new HFA aerosol inhaler and three DPIs in random order. Patients' notions were recorded. RESULTS: Most patients (96) agreed to change from their CFC to the HFA inhaler, of those, only 12 did so with some reservation. Properties (taste, user-friendliness, design) of the HFA inhaler were rated favourably. DPIs represented an acceptable alternative to aerosol inhalers. In fact, 57 patients preferred a DPI over the HFA inhaler. Not all powder devices were equally acceptable. Replacing the CFC inhaler with patients' preferred alternative devices resulted in a more than 3-fold increase in costs. CONCLUSION: Concerns about the acceptability of reformulated CFC-free aerosol inhalers are ill founded. However, if given the choice, many patients prefer a DPI over the HFA inhaler. The transition offers an opportunity to review patients' current treatment and the proficiency of their inhaling technique. Moving to CFC-free inhalers will have revenue implications.  (+info)

Aerosol Propellant Market worth 8.16 Billion USD by 2020Aerosol Propellant Market worth 8.16 Billion USD by 2020
Early buyers will receive 10% customization on reports.. Aerosol Propellant: The global aerosol propellant market was valued at USD 5.70 Billion in 2014 and is expected to reach USD 8.16 Billion by 2020, at a CAGR of 6.17% from 2015 to 2020.. Europe The most dominant region in the aerosol propellant market. The aerosol propellant market in Europe accounted for the largest share of 37.22%, by volume, of the global aerosol propellant market in 2014. The European market is expected to register the largest share by 2020 owing to the increasing demand of personal care and homecare products, such as antiperspirants, hair gels, air fresheners, and other products from developing countries, such as India and China. Also, major propellant manufacturers are based in Europe, such as Akzo Nobel N.V. (The Netherlands), Arkema Group (France), Royal Dutch Shell (The Netherlands), and others. They manufacture and supply propellants to the personal care and homecare product manufacturing companies, such as ...
https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/aerosol-propellant.asp
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane - Wikipedia1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane - Wikipedia
Recently, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane has been subject to use restrictions due to its contribution to climate change.[12] It has a global warming potential of 1300.[13] The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has proposed 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane to be best replaced by a new fluorochemical refrigerant HFO-1234yf (CF3CF=CH2) in automobile air-conditioning systems.[14] California may also prohibit the sale of canned 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane to individuals to avoid non-professional recharge of air conditioners.[15] A ban had been in place in Wisconsin since October 1994 under ATCP 136 prohibiting sales of container sizes holding less than 15 lbs of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, but this restriction applied only when the chemical was intended to be a refrigerant. However, the ban was lifted in Wisconsin in 2012.[16] During the time that it was active, this Wisconsin-specific ban contained loopholes. For example, it was legal for a person to purchase gas duster containers with any amount of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%2C1%2C1%2C2-Tetrafluoroethane
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane - Wikipedia1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane - Wikipedia
Recently, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane has been subject to use restrictions due to its contribution to climate change.[12] It has a global warming potential of 1300.[13]. The Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has proposed 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane to be best replaced by a new fluorochemical refrigerant HFO-1234yf (CF3CF=CH2) in automobile air-conditioning systems.[14] California may also prohibit the sale of canned 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane to individuals to avoid non-professional recharge of air conditioners.[15] A ban had been in place in Wisconsin since October 1994 under ATCP 136 prohibiting sales of container sizes holding less than 15 lbs of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane, but this restriction applied only when the chemical was intended to be a refrigerant. However, the ban was lifted in Wisconsin in 2012.[16] During the time that it was active, this Wisconsin-specific ban contained loopholes. For example, it was legal for a person to purchase gas duster containers with any amount of the ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/R-134a
Applications of Turbulent and Multi-Phase Combustion | Thermodynamics | General & Introductory Mechanical Engineering |...Applications of Turbulent and Multi-Phase Combustion | Thermodynamics | General & Introductory Mechanical Engineering |...
Preface xvii. 1 Solid Propellants and Their Combustion Characteristics 1. 1.1 Background of Solid Propellant Combustion, 4. 1.1.1 Definition of Solid Propellants, 4. 1.1.2 Desirable Characteristics of Solid Propellants, 4. 1.1.3 Calculation of Oxygen Balance, 5. 1.1.4 Homogeneous Propellants, 6. 1.1.4.1 Decomposition Characteristics of NC, 6. 1.1.5 Heterogeneous Propellants (or Composite Propellants), 7. 1.1.6 Major Types of Ingredients in Solid Propellants, 8. 1.1.6.1 Description of Oxidizer Ingredients, 10. 1.1.6.2 Description of Fuel Binders, 12. 1.1.6.3 Curing and Cross-Linking Agents, 14. 1.1.6.4 Aging, 15. 1.1.7 Applications of Solid Propellants, 16. 1.1.7.1 Hazard Classifications of Solid Propellants, 16. 1.1.8 Material Characterization of Propellants, 16. 1.1.8.1 Propellant Density Calculation, 16. 1.1.8.2 Propellant Mass Fraction, 17. 1.1.8.3 Viscoelastic Behavior of Solid Propellants, 17. 1.1.9 Thermal Profile in a Burning Solid Propellant, 18. 1.1.9.1 Surface and Subsurface ...
https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Applications+of+Turbulent+and+Multi+Phase+Combustion-p-9781118127568
Rapid burning propellent charge for automobile air bag inflators, rocket motors, and igniters therefor - Patent # 5062365 -...Rapid burning propellent charge for automobile air bag inflators, rocket motors, and igniters therefor - Patent # 5062365 -...
A rapid burning propellant charge for applications including igniters, launch eject motors, and gas generators for automobile air bags. The propellant charge comprises a reticulated substrate having a quantity of interconnected ligaments and a coating of solid propellant material on the ligaments. In order to provide a large amount of surface area for a fast burn time, interstices are between coated ligaments to define propellant surface area for combustion. In applications where minimum smoke is desired, the reticulated substrate is preferably composed of carbon, graphite, or a non-combustible material, and the solid propellant material is preferably a minimum smoke type.
http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/5062365.html
Studies on the Effects of RDX Particle Size on the Burning Rate of Gun Propellants | Defence Science JournalStudies on the Effects of RDX Particle Size on the Burning Rate of Gun Propellants | Defence Science Journal
The ballistic properties of RDX-based propellants are highly dependent on the particle size of RDX used. The effect of RDX particle size on the burning rate and pressure exponent of the gun propellant was studied. Propellant formulation containing RDX to extent of 60 per cent in the composition was processed with varying particle size of RDX. Finished propellants in heptatubular and cord geometry were evaluated for ballistic aspects by closed vessel firing in a 700 cc vessel at a loading density of 0.18 g/cc. The data obtained clearly indicate that increase in particle size of RDX increases the burning rate as well as the pressure exponent ...
https://publications.drdo.gov.in/ojs/index.php/dsj/article/view/4053
Aerosol Propellants Safety Manual - CSPAAerosol Propellants Safety Manual - CSPA
The CSPA Aerosol Propellants Safety Manual is the basic safety manual needed by all aerosol product manufacturers and laboratories.
https://www.cspa.org/product/aerosol-propellant-safety-manual/
Aerosol Propellants Market by Product and Application - Global Industry Analysis and Forecast to 2022Aerosol Propellants Market by Product and Application - Global Industry Analysis and Forecast to 2022
The global Aerosol Propellants market was worth USD 16.65 billion in the year of 2012 and is expected to reach approximately USD 26.79 billion by 2022, while registering itself at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.37% during the forecast period
https://www.crystalmarketresearch.com/report/aerosol-propellants-market
Aerosol Propellant Market by Type, Application & by Geography - 2020 | MarketsandMarketsAerosol Propellant Market by Type, Application & by Geography - 2020 | MarketsandMarkets
[140 Pages] Aerosol Propellant Market report categorizes the global market by Application (Medical, Household, Personal Care, and Others), by Type (HFO, Other Hydrocarbons, HFC, DME, and Others), & by Geography.
https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/aerosol-propellant-market-35516484.html
spherical propellant grains, burning rate, particle size, morphology, porous permeability combustion layers - Begell House...spherical propellant grains, burning rate, particle size, morphology, porous permeability combustion layers - Begell House...
Novel spherical grain-binding, high-burning-rate propellant is a kind of compound structure propellant (called a consolidated propellant) that is prepared using...
http://dl.begellhouse.com/jp/journals/17bbb47e377ce023,4d2b6557160a173a,1ca90b761bc54d7c.html
High energy pulsed inductive thruster modeling operating with ammonia propellant<...High energy pulsed inductive thruster modeling operating with ammonia propellant<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - High energy pulsed inductive thruster modeling operating with ammonia propellant. AU - Mikellides, Pavlos. AU - Villarreal, James K.. PY - 2007. Y1 - 2007. N2 - Numerical modeling of the pulsed inductive thruster operating with ammonia propellant at high energy levels, utilized a time-dependent, two-dimensional, and axisymmetric magnetohydrodynamics code to provide bilateral validation of experiment and theory and offer performance insights for improved designs. The power circuit model was augmented by a plasma voltage algorithm that accounts for the propellants time-dependent resistance and inductance to properly account for plasma dynamics and was verified using available analytic solutions of two idealized plasma problems. Comparisons of the predicted current waveforms to experimental data exhibited excellent agreement for the initial half-period, essentially capturing the dominant acceleration phase. Further validation proceeded by comparisons of the impulse for three ...
https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/high-energy-pulsed-inductive-thruster-modeling-operating-with-amm
Stable isotopes of nitrate reflect natural attenuation of propellant residues on military training ranges. - Espace INRSStable isotopes of nitrate reflect natural attenuation of propellant residues on military training ranges. - Espace INRS
Nitroglycerin (NG) and nitrocellulose (NC) are constituents of double-base propellants used notably for firing antitank ammunitions. Nitroglycerin was detected in soil and water samples from the unsaturated zone (pore water) at an active antitank firing position, where the presence of high nitrate (NO 3 -) concentrations suggests that natural attenuation of NG is occurring. However, concentrations alone cannot assess if NG is the source of NO3 -, nor can they determine which degradation processes are involved. To address this issue, isotopic ratios (δ15N, δ18O) were measured for NO 3 - produced from NG and NC through various controlled degradation processes and compared with ratios measured in field pore water samples. Results indicate that propellant combustion and degradation mediated by soil organic carbon produced the observed NO3 - in pore water at this site. Moreover, isotopic results are presented for NO 3 - produced through photolysis of propellant constituents, which could be a ...
http://espace.inrs.ca/3394/
US4379903A - Propellant binders cure catalyst - Google PatentsUS4379903A - Propellant binders cure catalyst - Google Patents
A multiple component catalyst system for curing of energetic urethane bins for solid fuel propellants and gas generators based upon curing of glycidyl-azide polymer and isocynate curative mixtures. Void or bubble free propellant grains are obtained by employing a cure catalyst composed of a mixture of triphenyl bismuth and dibutyltin dilaurate, preferably in a respective ratio of about 10:1 by weight. The void free propellant grains have burn characteristics acceptable for missile propulsion applications.
https://patents.google.com/patent/US4379903A/en
Application # 2008/0293978. PROCESS FOR THE SEPARATION OF FLUOROCARBONS USING IONIC LIQUIDS - Patents.comApplication # 2008/0293978. PROCESS FOR THE SEPARATION OF FLUOROCARBONS USING IONIC LIQUIDS - Patents.com
This invention relates to a process for separating 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane or 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane from a mixture comprising both 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane and 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane wherein
http://patents.com/us-20080293978.html
1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2- tetrafluoroethane1,2-Dichloro-1,1,2,2- tetrafluoroethane
Headache, dizziness, and disorientation are common. Cerebral edema may be found on autopsy. Dichlorodifluoromethane was not teratogenic in rats and rabbits. ,br,The reproductive effects of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane were studied in rats. No adverse effects on reproductive performance was noted or on the development, maturation or reproductive performance of up to two successive generations ...
http://www.chemicaldictionary.org/dic/1/12-Dichloro-1122-tetrafluoroethane_4506.html
EP 0755245 B1 20010530 - PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE CONTINUOUS MILLING OF AEROSOL PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS IN AEROSOL...EP 0755245 B1 20010530 - PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE CONTINUOUS MILLING OF AEROSOL PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS IN AEROSOL...
300441754 - EP 0755245 B1 2001-05-30 - PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR THE CONTINUOUS MILLING OF AEROSOL PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS IN AEROSOL PROPELLANTS - [origin: US5687920A] The present invention provides a process and apparatus for the continuous milling of aerosol pharmaceutical formulations which contain solids by milling in the aerosol propellant.[origin: US5687920A] The present invention provides a process and apparatus for the continuous milling of aerosol pharmaceutical formulations which contain solids by milling in the aerosol propellant.
https://data.epo.org/gpi/EP0755245B1-PROCESS-AND-APPARATUS-FOR-THE-CONTINUOUS-MILLING-OF-AEROSOL-PHARMACEUTICAL-FORMULATIONS-IN-AEROSOL-PROPELLANTS
Aerosol Propellant Market Expected Value Up to 8.16 Billion USD by 2020 | Jan 21, 2016 - ReleaseWireAerosol Propellant Market Expected Value Up to 8.16 Billion USD by 2020 | Jan 21, 2016 - ReleaseWire
Press Release issued Jan 21, 2016: The report Aerosol Propellant Market by Type (DME, HFC, HFO, Other Hydrocarbons, and Others), by Application (Personal Care, Household, Medical, and Others), and by Region - Global Forecast to 2020, defines and segments the concerned market with analysis and forecast of revenue.
http://www.sbwire.com/press-releases/aerosol-propellant-market-expected-value-up-to-816-billion-usd-by-2020-658309.htm
ONE COMPONENT POLYURETHANE FOAM FORMULATION WITH NON- LIQUEFIED INERT PROPELLANT - DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLCONE COMPONENT POLYURETHANE FOAM FORMULATION WITH NON- LIQUEFIED INERT PROPELLANT - DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC
A one-component-foam formulation contains a propellant in a concentration range of from 5 to 35 weight-percent of total formulation weight and contains at least 50 weight-percent non-liquefied inert gases based on total propellant weight, a polyol, a silicone glycol copolymer and less than 0.01 weight-percent of a cell opener based on polyol weight. An article contains five liters or more of the one-component-foam formulation within a container compressed to a pressure of at least 15 atmospheres pressure. A method for dispensing the one-component foam formulation includes providing the article and expelling the formulation from the container through a dispensing means onto a substrate and allowing the formulation to expand into a stable polymeric foam having a density of 45 kilograms per cubic meter or less.
http://www.sumobrain.com/patents/wipo/One-component-polyurethane-foam-formulation/WO2011123248.html
Patent US4413752 - Apparatus for dispensing a carbonated beverage - Google PatentsPatent US4413752 - Apparatus for dispensing a carbonated beverage - Google Patents
Apparatus for dispensing a carbonated beverage including a source of propellant gas, a reservoir for beverage to be dispensed, one or more dispensing valves connected to the reservoir, a propellant gas conduit for applying a first gaseous propellant pressure upon beverage supply vessels and for applying a second and lesser gaseous propellant pressure upon beverage in the reservoir, a beverage supply conduit for transferring beverage from a supply vessel to the reservoir and normally closed valves in the beverage supply and gas conduits, which valves are controllable by a level sensor in the reservoir; the apparatus also features structure for automatically switching from one supply vessel to another as vessels become emptied; a method of dispensing includes the steps of providing a supply of carbonated beverage, applying a first propellant pressure upon the supply, selectively transferring beverage from the supply to a reservoir, applying a second and lesser propellant pressure upon the reservoir and
http://www.google.com/patents/US4413752?dq=Donato+M.+Fraioli
Propellant depot - WikipediaPropellant depot - Wikipedia
The Simple Depot mission was proposed by NASA in 2011 as a potential first PTSD mission, with launch no earlier than 2015, on an Atlas V 551. Simple Depot would utilize the used (nearly-emptied) Centaur upper stage LH2 tank for long-term storage of LO2 while LH2 will be stored in the Simple Depot LH2 module, which is launched with only ambient-temperature gaseous Helium in it. The SD LH2 tank was to be 3 metres (9.8 ft) diameter and 16 metres (52 ft) long, 110 cubic metres (3,900 cu ft) in volume, and store 5 mT of LH2. At a useful mixture ratio (MR) of 6:1 this quantity of LH2 can be paired with 25.7 mT of LO2, allowing for 0.7 mT of LH2 to be used for vapor cooling, for a total useful propellant mass of 30 mT. ... the described depot will have a boil-off rate of approaching 0.1 percent per day, consisting entirely of hydrogen.[36] In September 2010, ULA released a Depot-Based Space Transportation Architecture concept to propose propellant depots that could be used as way-stations for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propellant_depot
US3022149A - Process for dispersing solids in polymeric propellent fuel binders - Google PatentsUS3022149A - Process for dispersing solids in polymeric propellent fuel binders - Google Patents
Feb. 20, 1962 F. B. CRAMER PROCESS FOR DISPERSING SOLIDS IN POLYMERIC PROPELLENT FUEL BINDERS Filed Nov. 29, 1957 INVENTOR. FRANK B. CRAMER ATTORNEY 3,@ZZ,M9 Patented Feb. 20, 1962 3,922,149 PRLBCESS F0152 DHSPERSKNG SOlLlDS Hi PQLY- MERIC PROPELLENT FUEL BENDERS Frank B. Cramer, Reseda, Calil., assignor to North American Aviation, inc. Filed Nov. 29, 1957, Ser. No. 699,632 16 Claims. (Cl. 149-19) mately be broken down to such a point that their macro scopic composition is substantially uniform. This is a slow, time-consuming process, and it requires that the entire batch of material be folded and refolded until, from a-statistical viewpoint, it may be said that every ultimate layer of material has been broken and refolded. Another method of dispersing solids in polymeric or resin vehicles is by the use of a ball mill. In this case, the solid is ground in the presence of the vehicle which usual- 13/ comprises a plasticizer and the resin or polymer solution. Grinding is accomplished by means of ...
https://patents.google.com/patent/US3022149A/en
nitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, dissolution, double-base propellant, diffusion - Begell House Digital Librarynitroglycerine, nitrocellulose, dissolution, double-base propellant, diffusion - Begell House Digital Library
Propellant residues are scattered onto the soil surface when guns are fired. Here, we studied fired residues and unfired propellants from 9-mm pistols, 5.56-mm ...
http://www.dl.begellhouse.com/es/journals/17bbb47e377ce023,185b31b2249f6caa,70cfafa3349248f5.html
Study to compare GW815SF [salmeterol/fluticasone-propionate] HFA MDI [hydrofluoroalkane metered-dose inhaler] with concomitant...Study to compare GW815SF [salmeterol/fluticasone-propionate] HFA MDI [hydrofluoroalkane metered-dose inhaler] with concomitant...
this study is to compare GW815SF [salmeterol/fluticasone-propionate] HFA MDI [hydrofluoroalkane metered-dose inhaler] with concomitant treatment with salmeterol
http://adisinsight.springer.com/trials/700022929?error=cookies_not_supported&code=2facd40b-4681-4d7d-8f66-2a4c14b2b51d
Get Aerosol in India Propellant With Quality Assurance At IndpetGet Aerosol in India Propellant With Quality Assurance At Indpet
Indpet is a top supplier of aerosol propellant for pharma sprays, pesticides, silicon spray, air-fresheners and deosprays, & customized to specific needs.
http://indpet.com/aerosol_grade_lpg.aspx
Specific impulse - WikipediaSpecific impulse - Wikipedia
The amount of propellant is normally measured either in units of mass or weight. If mass is used, specific impulse is an impulse per unit mass, which dimensional analysis shows to have units of speed, and so specific impulses are often measured in meters per second and are often termed effective exhaust velocity. However, if propellant weight is used, an impulse divided by a force (weight) turns out to be a unit of time, and so specific impulses are measured in seconds. These two formulations are both widely used and differ from each other by a factor of g0, the dimensioned constant of gravitational acceleration at the surface of the Earth.. Note that the rate of change of momentum of a rocket (including its propellant) per unit time is equal to the thrust.. The higher the specific impulse, the less propellant is needed to produce a given thrust during a given time. In this regard a propellant is more efficient the greater its specific impulse. This should not be confused with energy efficiency, ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_impulse
Technical Exchange--WN Jan 1987Technical Exchange--WN Jan 1987
Some years ago while dissecting what I felt to be a particularly ingenious handheld propellant sprayer in order to see how it worked, I became aware that it contained an oily residue which could be of concern if used in certain treatment applications. Only recently I became aware that paper conservators were using a similar disposable propellant canister for spray applications of deacidifying reagents on works of art. Procedural questions had also been raised about the cause of yellowing which accompanied some, but not all, methods of application of the same reagent. It quickly became clear that these canisters also possessed oil in the propellant reservoir. While the oil did not seem to have caused the observed yellowing in this particular case, conservators should consider that staining may be caused by the unknown contents of such propellant systems. Such problems are easily identified. A canister of the propellant should be completely discharged, without anything attached to the aspirator, ...
http://cool.conservation-us.org/waac/wn/wn09/wn09-1/wn09-107.html
SpaceaholicSpaceaholic
The 8 inch prevalves were normally open, pneumatically actuated, electrically controlled, butterfly-gate type valves. Supported propellant flow rates were 386 pounds of LOX per second at 132 psi; and 78 pounds of LH2 at 132 psi. A built-in four-way pneumatic control solenoid permitted 750 +/- 50 psig helium pressure to actuate the butterfly-gate (response time was 1000 milliseconds). Should a loss of pneumatic or electrical power occur, the prevalves were designed to be spring actuated to return to the open position. During ground operations, the Pre-Valve was opened to permit propellant fueling and in conjunction with the recirculation subsystem, allow the propellant to cycle through the feed lines and valves servicing the J2 engines, maintaining uniform cryogenic density and temperature, and precluding the formation of gas in propellant plumbing. Following propellant tank loading and all the way up to the point of S-IC (Saturn V first stage) separation, the Pre-Valves were commanded to remain ...
http://spaceaholic.com/index.php/Detail/Object/Show/object_id/63
PMDI - admit-inhalersPMDI - admit-inhalers
In metered-dose inhalers aerosol is generated with the aid of propellants like chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) or hydrofluoralkanes (HFA). They have a high dose consistency and average particle size as well as fine particle fraction are independent of the inspiratory air flow.. Mainly drugs in metered-dose inhalers are suspended within the propellant. They need to be shaken before use and generate particles with an average size of 3-5 µm. Substances insolution do not require shaking and are released from the inhaler with considerably smaller average size of about 1 µm thus being more easily deposited in the distal lung areas.. In most metered-dose inhalers aerosol inhalation has to be coordinated with dose actuation. Several studies have demonstrated that up to 70% of patients fail to complete the correct inhalation manoeuvre. This problem is overcome by breath-actuation or inhalation aids like spacers and holding chambers, which contrawise are more bulky to carry.. ...
http://www.admit-inhalers.org/?page_id=341
Aerosol Propellants Market | ReleaseWire MediaWireAerosol Propellants Market | ReleaseWire MediaWire
ReleaseWires press release distribution, targeting, marketing, online media contact management, and hosted news room service helps businesses connect with their target audiences across the globe.
http://www.releasewire.com/multimedia/photos/aerosol-propellants-market-247526.htm
The Safety of HairsprayThe Safety of Hairspray
Hairspray came into vogue after World War II when the cosmetics industry adopted the use of aerosol spray technology developed by the Department of Agriculture for use with insect sprays during the war. This transfer of technology to the business of beauty helped make womens hair styles such as the beehive and the bouffant possible. Although the use of hairspray has declined with the popularity of more natural hairstyles, hairspray is commonly used by men and women today. Todays typical hairspray contains polymers (chain-like molecules) in a solvent and sometimes a propellant. After spraying, the solvent evaporates and leaves behind a stiff layer of the polymers on the hair to help keep it in place. The propellant is usually a liquefied gas under pressure that forces the hairspray out of an aerosol can and produces a mist. Sometimes the propellant is also the solvent. Due to health and environmental concerns, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned certain propellants (e.g., ...
https://www.poison.org/articles/2016-jun/hairspray
Evaluation of the Physiological Parameters Associated with the Propellant Handlers EnsembleEvaluation of the Physiological Parameters Associated with the Propellant Handlers Ensemble
Work involved during the preflight preparation of spacecraft involves the handling of materials that are very toxic to humans. These toxins attack the respiratory and skin systems and, therefore, impose the requirement for full suit enclosures. The weight, structure, and operating parameters of such a suit can be expected to have a significant effect upon the metabolic and thermal responses of the user, especially in high workload situations and ambient temperature extremes.. This paper describes the testing of the operational version of the Propellant Handlers Ensemble (PHE). In particular, parameters affecting the physiology of the user were measured during a work-rest regimen performed in three temperature environments: −7, 23, and 43°C (20, 74, and 110°F). Six subjects performed tests in these environments in two versions of the PHE, the autonomous backpack version and the hoseline supplied configuration. Measurements included heart rate, four skin temperatures, rectal temperature, ...
https://www.astm.org/DIGITAL_LIBRARY/STP/PAGES/STP26321S.htm
High Energy Materials: Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics | Industrial Chemistry | Chemistry | Subjects | WileyHigh Energy Materials: Propellants, Explosives and Pyrotechnics | Industrial Chemistry | Chemistry | Subjects | Wiley
I can visualize the magnitude of work and efforts put in this assignment from the quantum of information packed in this book. Indeed this book is going to be a very good guidebook for the professionals dealing with high energy materials and a milestone in the literature on explosives, propellants and pyrotechnics. I am sure that the wealth of information along with a large number of bibliographic references provided in this book will prove to be a goldmine for researchers working in this area. The eminent author, Dr. Jai Prakash Agrawal deserves kudos and appreciation from the entire HEMs community for his valuable contribution to the world of explosives literature. (Institute of Energetic Materials, 1 November 2010) The work is clearly and appropriately divided into six chapters, and leads the reader through almost every aspect of high-energy materials. It is written in a way that is also understandable for readers other than chemists. (Angewandte Chemie, 2010) ...
https://www.wiley.com/en-us/High+Energy+Materials%3A+Propellants%2C+Explosives+and+Pyrotechnics-p-9783527628803
Explosives, Reactants, Propellants, Highly Reactive and Radioactive Chemicals supplier and distributorExplosives, Reactants, Propellants, Highly Reactive and Radioactive Chemicals supplier and distributor
Parchem Fine and Specialty Chemicals is a leading supplier of Explosives, Reactants, Propellants, Highly Reactive and Radioactive Chemicals.
https://www.parchem.com/explosives-reactants-propellants-highly-reactive-radioactive-chemicals.aspx
Syntactic Titanium Foam Propellant tank | SBIR.govSyntactic Titanium Foam Propellant tank | SBIR.gov
This Phase I SBIR program will result in the availability of a high strength, closed cell titanium foam material suitable for fabricating propellant tank structures. The resulting titanium foams are predicted to have >350Mpa strengths at densitied ...
https://www.sbir.gov/sbirsearch/detail/278998
NSC 9135 - Liquid Propellant Fuels and Oxidizers, Chemical Base - Page 1NSC 9135 - Liquid Propellant Fuels and Oxidizers, Chemical Base - Page 1
NSC 9135 - Liquid Propellant Fuels and Oxidizers, Chemical Base, including description, included items, excluded items and related part numbers and NSN starting at Page 1.
https://www.nsncenter.co.uk/NSC/9135
Tetrafluoroethane permeability in several polymersTetrafluoroethane permeability in several polymers
ough calculations done on the permeability of HFC-134a across various polymers (polyamide, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethyelene
https://composite-analytica.com/messages/4644.html
Patent US6210368 - Reservoir volume sensors - Google PatentsPatent US6210368 - Reservoir volume sensors - Google Patents
Reservoir volume in a drug delivery device is sensed by providing a capacitor, the capacitance of which varies with bellows position or, alternatively, with the amount of propellant liquid absorbed in a dielectric material. In one embodiment, a capacitance is provided between a surface of the bellows, which acts as a first capacitor plate, and a conductive surface disposed proximate the bellows, which acts as a second capacitor plate. As the bellows moves from its extended full position to its collapsed empty position, the area of overlap, and therefore the capacitance between the first and second plates varies from a maximum value to a minimum value. In another embodiment, a variable capacitor is provided with an absorbent material. The absorbent material absorbs the liquid phase of the propellant in the pump housing and acts as a dielectric between two stationary conductive plates provided in the housing. The amount of liquid propellant absorbed in the absorbent material varies with the reservoir
http://www.google.com/patents/US6210368?dq=7,013,345/
Propulsive performance of a c3h4/h2o2 rocket prototype for future green bipropellant thrusters - Aerospace Europe PlatformPropulsive performance of a c3h4/h2o2 rocket prototype for future green bipropellant thrusters - Aerospace Europe Platform
In current liquid rocket engines, in both monopropellant or bipropellant configurations, the feeding system provides the propellants at a pressure that allows them to be injected into the thrust chamber by means of turbo pumps or pressurized systems such as direct gas pressurization, flexible bags within tanks or piston pressurization1,2.Even if the engine can be operated in pulse mode, the feed system is currently designed in order to guarantee the nominal steady state operation and, consequently, the nominal feed pressure should be higher than the expected one inside the combustion chamber due to pressure losses inside pipelines, valves and injectors. Except for the propellant itself, most of the weight of the propulsive system consists in the pressurizing system3.PulCheR (Pulsed Chemical Rocket with Green High Performance Propellants) 4,5 is a R&D project funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement n°313271. The main aim of the project is to ...
https://aerospace-europe.eu/digital-library/digital-library-ceas/papers-ceas-1/propulsive-performance-of-a-c3h4h2o2-rocket-prototype-for-future-green-bipropellant-thrusters/
Diaphragm Tanks Data Sheets - Sorted by Volume - Northrop GrummanDiaphragm Tanks Data Sheets - Sorted by Volume - Northrop Grumman
Please note: qualified propellant volume might not be the maximum propellant compartment volume. We will provide maximum propellant compartment volume upon requ
https://www.northropgrumman.com/space/diaphragm-tanks-data-sheets-sorted-by-volume/
X-40 Space Maneuver Vehicle (SMV)X-40 Space Maneuver Vehicle (SMV)
In May 2001, AFRL awarded a $10.4M contract to develop hydrogen peroxidebased rocket propulsion systems to Aerojet. Under this contract, Aerojet was to retire risk areas in injectors, catalyst beds, turbine materials and design and thrust chamber design, paving the way for a highly operable reusable rocket engine using non-toxic propellants. The contract with additional options is expected to earn Aerojet up to $29.9 million over the next four years. The Advanced Reusable Rocket Engine (ARRE) program represented a dramatic stepping stone for Aerojets reusable rocket engine technologies - as well as the aerospace industry as a whole. This program was to advance state-of-the-art peroxide engine technologies 30 years by maintaining storable rocket engine performance with environmentally friendly propellants. Aerojet is tasked to develop an Advanced Reusable Rocket Engine that utilizes non-toxic, hydrogen peroxide as a propellant. The technology Aerojet proposed for the SMV engine significantly ...
https://www.globalsecurity.org/space/systems/x-40.htm
Patente US3770787 - Vinyl ferrocene butadiene copolymer burning rate catalyst - Google PatentesPatente US3770787 - Vinyl ferrocene butadiene copolymer burning rate catalyst - Google Patentes
United States Patent 3,770,787 VINYL FERROCENE BUTADIENE COPGLTMER BURNING RATE CATALYST Jimmy D. Burnett, Arab, Ala, assignor to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of the Army No Drawing. Original application Sept. 17, 1969, Ser. No. 858,896. Divided and this application .luly 19, 1971, Ser. No. 164,143 lint. Cl. (307i 15/02 US. Cl. 260-439 CY 3 Claims ABSTRACT UP THE DISCLOSURE Copolymers of vinyl ferrocene and butadiene are disclosed along with the procedure for preparation. The copolymers are useful as a burning rate catalyst and provide a means for introducing and maintaining a high catalyst concentration in solid propellants inasmuch as the copolymer containing the iron catalyst is capable of serving as the binder replacing part of the normally used binders in solid propellants. Also disclosed is a typical solid propellant composition utilizing the copolymers of this invention as a binder replacement and burning rate catalyst. This application is a division of ...
http://www.google.es/patents/US3770787
Onset of Action of Advair Hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) 115/21 in Comparison to Symbicort Pressurised Metered-Dose Inhalers (pMDI)...Onset of Action of Advair Hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) 115/21 in Comparison to Symbicort Pressurised Metered-Dose Inhalers (pMDI)...
The objectives of this study are to measure Impulse Oscillometry (IOS) in patients with asthma extensively at baseline in patients with mild-to-moderate asthma, treated with as-needed short acting beta agonist only, to measure respiratory resistance and small airway dysfunction accurately and precisely at baseline, from which to measure onset of action of Advair MDI in comparison with that of Symbicort MDI. Initial screening will assess IOS resistance and small airway dysfunction and its response to short acting beta agonist (SABA). Patients will be selected from among those who manifest a 40% improvement in small airway function assessed by IOS low frequency reactance after SABA compared to baseline. After screening, patients will be randomized to receive either Advair or Symbicort; and will be assessed at randomization before and at several intervals after initial dosing, up to 4 hours. Patients will return again 4 weeks after randomization for extended IOS (and spirometry) testing as done at ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00867737
Recycle Aerosol, LLC Offering a truly zero-waste recycling processRecycle Aerosol, LLC Offering a truly zero-waste recycling process
Recycle Aerosol, LLC offers the most sophisticated and complete aerosol recycling facility and the largest capacity for aerosol and compressed cylinder reclamation in the nation. An aerosol recycling process that can separate the products propellant from the contents, enabling the four main components of an aerosol ( the can, its plastic cap, the propellant and the product) to be recycled and reclaimed ...
https://www.recycleaerosol.com/2016/09/13/recycle-aerosol-offering-a-truly-zero-waste-recycling-process/
Air Wick Air Freshener Aerosol Peach & Jasmine - 300ml - Headship GhanaAir Wick Air Freshener Aerosol Peach & Jasmine - 300ml - Headship Ghana
Air Freshener details: Air Wick is a 100% Natural propellant for cleaner fragrance. Unlike traditional aerosols that release chemical propellants with
https://headshipgh.com/product/air-wick-air-freshener-aerosol-peach-jasmine-300ml/
CARBON DIOXIDECARBON DIOXIDE
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a colorless, odorless and nonflammable gas heavier than air. It is classified as one of the major air pollutants when it exceeds its naturally-occurring concentration. There are a number of processes for its production including combustion, fermentation and heating of organic matter. Its main use is in the food and beverage industry, although it is also used as a refrigerant, in fire extinguishing equipment, as a pressure source, aerosol propellant, and also in welding and some metallurgical processes. Below are some of its major physical characteristics: ...
http://www.thermopedia.com/content/613/
Aerosol Propellants Market size to reach USD 11 billion by 2024 | Hexa Research | Florida News ReporterAerosol Propellants Market size to reach USD 11 billion by 2024 | Hexa Research | Florida News Reporter
Titanium Dioxide Market. The global Aerosol Propellants Market is categorized as products, applications, and regions. Based on products, the market is divided into Dimethyl Ether (DME) & methyl ethyl ether, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide & nitrous oxide. Methyl ether & DME can grow at a CAGR of 6% from 2016 to 2025. This attributes to the superior properties exhibited by these components, such as no harm to the ozone layer and low global warming potential. The use of aerosol propellant gases, such as carbon dioxide & nitrous oxide can increase considerably in the near future. This is because these gases cause minimal environmental damage and ensure greater stability.. Applications comprise household, personal care, food, medical, paints, and automotive & industrial. The personal care segment is anticipated to grow at a healthy CAGR of over 3% during the estimated years. This is because of rising popularity of mousses, hair sprays, and deodorants. Demand for beauty products in Central & South ...
http://www.floridanewsreporter.com/story/107937/aerosol-propellants-market-size-to-reach-usd-11-billion-by-2024-hexa-research.html
EP 1051152 A1 20001115 - AEROSOL PERSONAL CLEANSING EMULSION COMPOSITIONS WHICH CONTAIN LOW VAPOR PRESSURE PROPELLANTSEP 1051152 A1 20001115 - AEROSOL PERSONAL CLEANSING EMULSION COMPOSITIONS WHICH CONTAIN LOW VAPOR PRESSURE PROPELLANTS
294333907 - EP 1051152 A1 2000-11-15 - AEROSOL PERSONAL CLEANSING EMULSION COMPOSITIONS WHICH CONTAIN LOW VAPOR PRESSURE PROPELLANTS - [origin: WO9938490A1] The present invention relates to an aerosol personal cleansing composition comprising from about 85 % to about 95 % of a neat cleansing lotion comprising from about 0.5 % to about 30 %, by weight of the neat cleansing lotion, of a lathering surfactant, from about 0.5 % to about 40 %, by weight of the neat cleansing lotion, of a lipophilic skin moisturizing agent, from about 0.1 % to about 10 % by weight of the neat cleansing lotion of a stabilizer, and from about 35 % to about 90 %, by weight of the neat cleansing lotion, of water; and from about 3 % to about 15 % of a hydrocarbon propellant having a vapor pressure of from about 3 psig to about 15 psig.[origin: WO9938490A1] The present invention relates to an aerosol personal cleansing composition comprising from about 85 % to about 95 % of a neat cleansing lotion comprising from about 0.5 % to
https://data.epo.org/gpi/EP1051152A1-AEROSOL-PERSONAL-CLEANSING-EMULSION-COMPOSITIONS-WHICH-CONTAIN-LOW-VAPOR-PRESSURE-PROPELLANTS
In-situ measurements of alumina particle size and optical constants in composite solid propellant flames</em>...In-situ measurements of alumina particle size and optical constants in composite solid propellant flames</em>...
TY - CONF. T1 - In-situ measurements of alumina particle size and optical constants in composite solid propellant flames. AU - Brewster, Quinn. AU - Parry, David L.. PY - 1987/1/1. Y1 - 1987/1/1. N2 - The complex refractive index (n-ik) at 0.6328ym and the effective optical diameter of alumina particles in ammonium perchlorate (AP) composite solid propellant flames were measured in-situ using an inverse light scattering technique. Measured bidirectional reflectance and transmittance values were used to obtain n values, between 1.3 and 1.8 and k values between 0.04 and 0.6. The effective alumina diameter was determined (by the absence or existence of solutions to the Inverse scattering problem) to be between 0.26 and 0.30 um. Forward scattering dominated back scattering to such an extent that even a linear anisotropic scattering model would be inaccurate in describing the radiative transport. The alumina single scattering albedo was found to be in the range 0.5 to 0.7.. AB - The complex ...
https://experts.illinois.edu/en/publications/in-situ-measurements-of-alumina-particle-size-and-optical-constan
Patent US5220107 - Process for the preparation of solid rocket propellant and other solid ... - Google PatentsPatent US5220107 - Process for the preparation of solid rocket propellant and other solid ... - Google Patents
A method of thermally disposing a binder containing explosive that reduces the possibility of an unplanned detonation and also allows for the control of pollution. It is particularly adapted for solid rocket propellants. The method comprises cooling a binder containing explosive to a temperature below the Tg range of the binder, reducing the cooled explosive to a smaller size and burning the resultant explosive. Another aspect of this invention is directed to a method for reclaiming ammonium perchlorate from an explosive comprising ammonium perchlorate and a binder that reduces the possibility of an unplanned detonation. It is particularly adapted for solid rocket propellants. The method comprises cooling the explosive to a temperature below the Tg range of the binder, reducing the cooled explosive to a smaller size and chemically extracting the ammonium perchlorate.
http://www.google.com.au/patents/US5220107
Range-Finding Study for a Reproductive Screen of Modular Artillery Charge System (XM231/XM232) Administered in the Diet of...Range-Finding Study for a Reproductive Screen of Modular Artillery Charge System (XM231/XM232) Administered in the Diet of...
An artillery propellant under development b the U.S. Army is a granular mixture of nitrocelinlose, nitroglycerin, nitroguanidine, ethylcentralite, cryolite, and graphite. The propellant, Modniar Artillery Charge System or MACS, consists of a single increment of propellant charge contained within a rigid combustible casing. Nitrocellulose, nitroglycerin, and nitroguanidine make up greater than 98% of the total propellant mixture. As part of the process to develop environmental and health effects criteria, a 90-day modified Screening Information Data Set reproductive assay is planned. In order to provide information on clinical signs, methemoglobin formation and possible target organs, as well as determine dose levels, a range- finding study was performed. Male and female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with diet containing either O.O,0.2S, or 2.Og propellant/kg diet for a three-week period. No mortalities occurred and body weights were unaffected by treatment. Methemoglobin concentrations measured at
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA317190
Global Aerosol Propellants Market is Expected to Reach USD 23.2 Billion by 2019: Transparency Market ResearchGlobal Aerosol Propellants Market is Expected to Reach USD 23.2 Billion by 2019: Transparency Market Research
Business Research Industry it is a Providing Multiple Industry Market Research Reports for your Business. It is a top global market intelligence company. We are providing quality reports with deep insights and analysis.
http://businessresearchindustry.blogspot.com/2013/07/global-aerosol-propellants-market-is.html?widgetType=BlogArchive&widgetId=BlogArchive2&action=toggle&dir=open&toggle=DAILY-1350975600000&toggleopen=DAILY-1374217200000
Global Aerosol Propellants Market is Expected to Reach USD 23.2 Billion by 2019: Transparency Market ResearchGlobal Aerosol Propellants Market is Expected to Reach USD 23.2 Billion by 2019: Transparency Market Research
Business Research Industry it is a Providing Multiple Industry Market Research Reports for your Business. It is a top global market intelligence company. We are providing quality reports with deep insights and analysis.
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Aerosol Sprays Do Not Damage the Ozone LayerAerosol Sprays Do Not Damage the Ozone Layer
The most popular form of Aerosol can works by storing some fluid under very high pressure, which then propels some other fluid out of the can when an opening is introduced. More specifically, the propellant is some fluid that boils at well below room temperature and the other fluid (product), like hairspray, insect repellant, or paint, boils at much higher temperatures than room temperature. Usually, the product is put in the can first. Next, the can is sealed and then the propellant is pumped in at high pressure so its forced to stay in liquid form. The spring loaded valve is at the top, with a long stem attached that goes to the bottom. When the valve is open, the high pressure propellant above the product liquid is able to expand and form a gas layer, which then pushes down on the product and some of the remaining propellant still in liquid form. This results in the liquids being squirted out. The nozzle is also constructed such that it will atomize the liquid as it is sprayed out, making ...
http://www.todayifoundout.com/index.php/2011/10/aerosol-sprays-do-not-damage-the-ozone-layer/
9135-01-470-3859 Propellant, Hydrogen Peroxide9135-01-470-3859 Propellant, Hydrogen Peroxide
A propellant having a minimum assay by weight of 90 percent hydrogen peroxide. Excludes HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, ACS; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, ANALYZED REAGENT; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, PHOTOGRAPHIC; HYDROGEN PEROXIDE SOLUTION, USP and HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, TECHNICAL. ...
http://chemicalfuels.tpub.com/01-470-3859.htm
NASAs Green Fuel Seeks Safer Spaceflight By Finally Moving Off Toxic Hydrazine | HackadayNASAs Green Fuel Seeks Safer Spaceflight By Finally Moving Off Toxic Hydrazine | Hackaday
Ultimately, this is because of the enormous amount of energy stored in the propellants required to make a rocket fly. Ground support personnel need to exercise great care even when dealing with safe propellants, such as the classic combination of kerosene and liquid oxygen. On the other end of the spectrum you have chemicals that are so unstable and toxic that they cant be handled without special training and equipment.. One of the most dangerous chemicals ever used in rocket propulsion is hydrazine; and yet from the Second World War to the present day, its been considered something of an occupational hazard of spaceflight. While American launch vehicles largely moved away from using it as a primary propellant, hydrazine is still commonly used for smaller thrusters on spacecraft.. When SpaceXs Crew Dragon exploded in April during ground tests, the release of approximately one and a half tons of hydrazine and nitrogen tetroxide propellants required an environmental cleanup at the ...
https://hackaday.com/2019/07/01/nasas-green-fuel-seeks-safer-spaceflight-by-finally-moving-off-toxic-hydrazine/?replytocom=6160917
Petition to save CFC inhalers (New ozone-friendly asthma medications dont work)Petition to save CFC inhalers (New ozone-friendly asthma medications dont work)
Find the blue Begin button to the right to start. Text of petition: The FDA, in compliance with the Montreal Protocol, has banned the use of life-saving CFC propellant albuterol asthma rescue inhalers in order to help restore the ozone layer, even though it has been widely acknowledged that these CFC inhaler emissions are too trivial to harm the ozone layer: Leslie Hendeles, University of Florida Professor of Pharmacy and Pediatrics, has noted that CFC inhalers release negligible amounts of the propellant and DO NOT POSE A THREAT TO OZONE DEPLETION. (LINK 1) The amount of CFCs in inhalers is minute, so BANNING THEM WONT MAKE ANY IMPROVEMENT (in the ozone layer). says Sallie Baliunas, an astrophysicist at Harvard University and the George Marshall Institute (LINK 2) CFC rescue inhalers have proven their safety, effectiveness, and reliability to tens of millions of asthma, COPD, cystic fibrosis, lung cancer, and other pulmonary patients for almost thirty years. Therefore, before the FDA could ...
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2023839/posts?page=9
HOLDING CHAMBERS / SPACERS - admit-inhalersHOLDING CHAMBERS / SPACERS - admit-inhalers
Inhalation aids used with pMDIs can be divided into holding chambers with a larger volume and spacers which are not as bulky. Both kinds of inhalation aids facilitate the coordinationbetween actuation and inhalation essential for the correct use of a pMDI. Additionally inhalation aids reduce oropharyngeal deposition frequently observed, when aerosol is released directly with high pressure from metered-dose inhalers.. In contrast to spacers holding chambers feature an inspiratory valve which inhibits the direct emission of aerosol from and exhalation into the hollow space. Due to intermediate storage of aerosol in the inhalation aid propellant evaporates resulting in the generation of smaller particles. Thereby bioavailability of the aerosol and intrabronchial deposition of particles is increased.. However filling a holding chamber with more than a single puff from the inhaler or delay of inspiration reduces the amount of breathable particles. Using a spacer still requires some coordination ...
http://www.admit-inhalers.org/?page_id=361
MG Chemicals 402A-285G - Super Duster 134, 10oz AerosolMG Chemicals 402A-285G - Super Duster 134, 10oz Aerosol
|p|The MG Chemicals 402A-285G is a clear liquid gas duster that comes in a 10 oz aerosol can. The non-flammable propellant is ideal for cleaning electronics without scratching delicate surfaces.|/p||b|MG Chemicals 402A-285G Specifications:|/b||ul||li| Brand: Super Duster&trade |li| Product Type: Duster|li| Color: Clear|li| Primary Color: Clear|li| Physical Form: Liquid Gas|li| Container Size: 10oz|li| Chemical Composition: 1, 1, 1, 2-Tetrafluoroethane|li| Odor: Slight Ethereal|li| Solubility (Yes/No): Yes|li| Specific Gravity: 1.21|li| Flammability?: Non Flammable|li| Applications: Electronics Industry|/ul|
http://www.all-spec.com/Catalog/Chemicals-Cleaning-Supplies/Dusters-Vacuums/Aerosol-Dusters/402A-285G-33018
CFC-Free Asthma Inhalers Proving Difficult for...CFC-Free Asthma Inhalers Proving Difficult for...
The U.S. government-mandated switch to CFC-free inhalers is causing problems for millions of people with asthma and other lung diseases, according to The New York Times. CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons), used as propellants in the inhalers, damage the Earths ozone layer. As of Jan.
http://www.empowher.com/asthma/content/cfc-free-asthma-inhalers-proving-difficult-millions
How to Use A Metered-Dose Inhaler and a Spacer - What You Need to KnowHow to Use A Metered-Dose Inhaler and a Spacer - What You Need to Know
Care guide for How to Use A Metered-Dose Inhaler and a Spacer. Includes: possible causes, signs and symptoms, standard treatment options and means of care and support.
https://www.drugs.com/cg/how-to-use-a-metered-dose-inhaler-and-a-spacer.html
RepliesReplies
I have been using the new inhalers for the past year. The quality of my life and the degree of activity Im able to enjoy has been much reduced. I used to be able to run for two miles! Now I can barely jog half a block.. Its the same medication, albuterol, but its driven out by a different propellant. Just doesnt go as deeply into the lungs. VERY frustrating.. The only alternative is to get a nebulizer machine and some liquid albuterol and saline solution. This is what your doctor would do for you if you came into his office with a bronchospasm. The trouble is, of course, that you cant take the nebulizer with you if youre going on a hike or a camping trip, and its awkward to drag around even if youre just going to the office. But when push comes to shove, it does work. No propellants, just drug + saline + air.. And take your inhaled steroids so you dont need much in the way of bronchodilators.. ...
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2023797/replies?c=1
5 WAYS TO USE FILIPPO BERIO OLIVE OIL; THE VALENTINES EDITION - Just Katiee5 WAYS TO USE FILIPPO BERIO OLIVE OIL; THE VALENTINES EDITION - Just Katiee
Everybody raves about coconut oil for cooking but for some reason Ive never been that fussed about it. Maybe its because I dont like coconut flavours but Ive never wanted to try it (even though they say its healthier for you). Well, for one olive oil spray is a much cheaper alternative to coconut oil. I dont want to be spending a fortune but I still want my hair to feel healthy and my skin to feel soft and of course my food to taste delicious! With olive oil you get much better quality but at a cheaper price so its a win win situation in my opinion. Jay and I are obsessed with using the olive oil sprays, our favourite is the garlic infused one as its got such a mild but rich taste. Its such a brilliant alternative to using fry light which we used to use religiously. Olive Oil spray is 100% natural and has NO added water, alcohol, aerosol propellant, emulsifiers or antioxidants in it whereas other oil sprays have these ingredients - making it ultimately a healthier choice. We like to use ...
https://www.justkatiee.com/2017/02/5-ways-to-use-filippo-berio-olive-oil.html
Are Indoor Bug Bombs Bad for Your Home? - AllergyConsumerReviewAre Indoor Bug Bombs Bad for Your Home? - AllergyConsumerReview
Bug bombs and pest sprays are often used to rid homes of infestations. Most bug bombs contain pyrethrin or pyrethroid pesticides and aerosol propellants that make the fog fill the room. Learn more about bug bomb usage.
https://www.allergyconsumerreview.com/are-indoor-bug-bombs-bad-for-your-home.html
MethanolMethanol
This mixture of gases is then passed over a bed of a zeolite in its acid form, HZSM-5, heated to ca 650 K, to produce the mixture of hydrocarbons (with 5-10 carbon atoms) for use as petrol.. DME can be used in a different way. Although it is a gas at ambient temperatures, it can be readily liquefied under pressure and is considered to be an attractive alternative fuel to diesel oil. The vehicles need a compression ignition engine with a fuel system specifically developed to operate on DME. There have been a number of DME vehicle demonstrations in Europe and in the US, including one in which a customer operated 10 vehicles for 750,000 miles. Emission standards for particulates can be met without the use of filters. As with conventional diesel vehicles, oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions can be reduced in the usual way with a solution of urea.. DME is also mixed with liquid petroleum gas (LPG) as a fuel for use in homes. Its main use at present, though, is as an aerosol propellant.. The first MTG ...
http://ecionline.co.uk/chemicals/methanol.html
Smokeless PowderSmokeless Powder
A person may acquire and store up to 5 kilogram gross mass of smokeless powder for use in an attached dwelling if the containers are greater than 1 kilogram gross mass.. A person may acquire and store up to 20 kilograms gross mass of smokeless powder for use in an attached dwelling if the containers are less than or equal to 1 kilogram gross mass.. A person may acquire and store up to 25 kilograms gross mass of smokeless powder for use in a detached dwelling or a storage unit attached to a detached dwelling. This value is inclusive of all the propellant powders at the dwelling.. When propellant powders, percussion caps or black power cartouches are stored in a dwelling:. ...
https://www.nrcan.gc.ca/explosives/acquisition-storage-and-sale/propellants-and-ammunition/smokeless-powder/9829
VERTINE CFC-FREE INHALER 25 MICROGRAMS PER ACTUATION PRESSURISED INHALATION SUSPENSION | Drugs.comVERTINE CFC-FREE INHALER 25 MICROGRAMS PER ACTUATION PRESSURISED INHALATION SUSPENSION | Drugs.com
Patient information for VERTINE CFC-FREE INHALER 25 MICROGRAMS PER ACTUATION PRESSURISED INHALATION SUSPENSION Including dosage instructions and possible side effects.
https://www.drugs.com/uk/vertine-cfc-free-inhaler-25-micrograms-per-actuation-pressurised-inhalation-suspension-leaflet.html
Black Fine Mist Sprayer with Dip Tube for 10 oz. & 24 oz. Bottles | U.S. Plastic Corp.Black Fine Mist Sprayer with Dip Tube for 10 oz. & 24 oz. Bottles | U.S. Plastic Corp.
Flairosol is a propellant free airless spray package with an aerosol-quality spray. It consists of a mechanical trigger operated dispenser with a double-layered plastic bottle. Airless and non-pressurized with no use of propellant gases. Requires no special filling, storage or transport resulting in lower supply chain cost.
https://www.usplastic.com/catalog/item.aspx?itemid=126364&clickid=related-slider
Ariane 5 ES launches with ATV - suffers early fault on orbit - NASASpaceFlight.comAriane 5 ES launches with ATV - suffers early fault on orbit - NASASpaceFlight.com
As noted, ATVs capabilities once docked with the ISS range past just providing the Station with much required cargo, it will also bring additional reboost and attitude control ability, refueling, gas and water transfer capability.. Attitude Control will come via eight 220 N (22.4kgf) thrusters. Reboost capability will be via two of four or four of four 490 N (50kgf) thrusters (Main Engines). ATV also has four Advanced Attitude Control System (ACS) 220 N (22.4kgf) thrusters that can be used in the event a Main Engine fails. Refueling: The ATV refueling system transfers up to 860 kg of propellant (306 kg of fuel and 554 kg of oxidizer) to the FGB propellant tanks.. Gas Transfer: ATV Jules Verne will carry 20 kg of O2 to ISS. Delivery is via a Gas Control Panel (GCP). Crew opens valve and walks away. The crew comes back to check on the condensation build up and ice behind the panel.. Water Transfer: ATV Jules Verne will carry 281 kg of water for ISS. The crew will manually transfer the water from ...
https://www.nasaspaceflight.com/2008/03/ariane-5-es-launches-with-atv-suffers-early-fault-on-orbit/
Research in Nitromonomers and Their Application to Solid Smokeless Propellants.Research in Nitromonomers and Their Application to Solid Smokeless Propellants.
Oxidation of aqueous sodium phenylmethane-nitronate with ammonium persulfate yields d,1-(major product) and meso-1,2-dinitro-1,2-diphenylethanes along with cis-alpha-nitrostilbene, alpha, beta, gamma-triphenyl-alpha-nitropropene, 3,4,5-triphenylisoxazoline oxide, 3,4,5-triphenylisoxazole, benzaldehyde, and benzoic acid. The complex condensation products are derived by the actions of bases on the 1,2-dinitro-1,2-diphenylethanes or from benzaldehyde and phenylnitromethane. The actions of persulfate on nitronates are greatly accelerated by trace quantities of silver ion. Salts of 1-nitropropane and 2-methyl-1-nitropropane respectively were oxidized with persulfates in the presence or absence of silver ion to give oxidative-dimers. Reaction of potassium 1-nitropentane-1-nitronate with ammonium persulfate yielded valeric acid and valeramide. The sodium salt of phenyldinitromethane is not oxidized by aqueous persulfate. Possible mechanisms for formation of the products of the various oxidation reactions are
http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=AD0730008
physical chemistry - Reaction involved in Combustion of Nitrocellulose-Nitroglycerine(NCNG) solid propellant? - Chemistry Stack...physical chemistry - Reaction involved in Combustion of Nitrocellulose-Nitroglycerine(NCNG) solid propellant? - Chemistry Stack...
Nitrocellulose is complex stuff. It is generally considered to be the fully nitrated version of cellulose, in which every available alcohol functional group is converted to a nitrate:. $$\ce{[C6H10O5]n +3HNO3 -, (C6H7O2(ONO2)3]n +3H2O}$$. In principal it probably contains some small amount of partially and/or non-nitrated units.. If we consider nitrocellulose to be fully nitrated, then the combustion reaction is:. $$\ce{ 2C6H7N3O11 + 9/2O2 -, 12CO2 + 3N2 + 7H2O}$$. For nitroglycerin $(\ce{C3H5N3O9})$:. $$\ce{2C3H5N3O9 -, 6CO2 + 3N2 + 5H2O + 1/2O2}$$. It will depend on the ratio of nitrocellulose to nitroglycerin what the overall $\ce{CO2}: \ce{N2}:\ce{H2O}$ mole ratio is. Ill leave you to figure out the mass ratios using the molecular masses of the products.. ...
https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/10163/reaction-involved-in-combustion-of-nitrocellulose-nitroglycerinencng-solid-pro
FLUOROCHEM, INC. | SBIR.govFLUOROCHEM, INC. | SBIR.gov
The general objective of this program is to identify and develop synthesis routes for a new fluorine-containing propellant oxidizer for solid rocket propellants which will lead to increased impulse de ... ...
https://www.sbir.gov/sbirsearch/detail/168007
Talk:Helium - LunarpediaTalk:Helium - Lunarpedia
I see in the volatiles article that hydrogen is the most bundant volatile on the Moon. Is this in regoltih alone or mostly in ice at the poles? If so, is it available in the regolith to be viable for use as rocket fuel? T.Neo 13:04, 1 August 2008 (UTC) Just the regolith alone. Harvesting regolithic hydrogen for use as rocket fuel is likely to be much less economical than using it to compensate for the small but gradual leakage of atmosphere during oxygen production as well as that from pressurized habitats. The ice at the poles is another question entirely. There is disagreement as to how that hydrogen should be utilized. Personally, I would prefer to keep it on the moon while shipping oxygen back to LEO for a propellant depot. Probably cheaper to ship hydrogen to LEO than to ship it to the moon to make up for a future shortage. - Jarogers2001 19:30, 1 August 2008 (UTC) So if you ship O2 to LEO to use as propellant, where does the fuel come from? Is it shipped from Earth? How do you get hold of ...
https://lunarpedia.org/index.php?title=Talk:Helium&direction=prev&oldid=15248
Child using asthma inhaler - Stock Image C033/6253 - Science Photo LibraryChild using asthma inhaler - Stock Image C033/6253 - Science Photo Library
MODEL RELEASED. Eight year old boy using an inhaler to treat an asthma attack. Asthma causes breathing difficulties due to the contraction of the airways in the lungs. The pump dispenses 100 micrograms of the bronchodilator drug salbutamol (salbutamol sulphate BP) per dose to giving rapid relief from wheezing and breathlessness. This pump uses a non-CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) propellant. - Stock Image C033/6253
http://www.sciencephoto.com/media/815983/view
Techspray 1697-8S - Vortex 360° High Velocity Duster, 8ozTechspray 1697-8S - Vortex 360° High Velocity Duster, 8oz
|p|The Techspray 1697-8S is a clear liquid duster that comes in an 8 oz aerosol can. The moisture-free, non-flammable duster is great for removing dust, lint, and contaminants from computers, printers, and more.|/p||b|Techspray 1697-8S Features:|/b||ul||li|Non-flammable|li|Non-ozone depleting|li|Moisture free|li|Zero residue|li|Safe on plastics|li|VOC exempt|/ul||b|Techspray 1697-8S Specifications:|/b||ul||li| Brand: Vortex|li| Product Type: Duster|li| Color: Clear|li| Primary Color: Clear|li| Physical Form: Liquid|li| Container Size: 8oz|li| Chemical Composition: 1, 1, 1, 2-Tetrafluoroethane|li| Odor: Faint Ethereal|li| Solubility (Yes/No): No|li| pH Rating: 0|li| Specific Gravity: 1.22|li| Flammability?: Non Flammable|li| VOCs Content: 100%|li| Applications: Electronic Repair, Electrical Cleaning, Fiber Optics Cleaning, Office Equipment Maintenance, Plant Maintenance|/ul|
http://www.all-spec.com/Catalog/Chemicals-Cleaning-Supplies/Dusters-Vacuums/Aerosol-Dusters/1697-8S-50391
Etherington & Roberts. Dictionary--aerosolEtherington & Roberts. Dictionary--aerosol
A dispersion in which a material is dissolved or suspended in a liquid which volatilizes to produce a fine spray when pressure is released. The spray carries the active material. Tn archival work, aerosols are used for dispersing deacidification solutions; in this case the propellant, which must be inert and nonflammable, is frequently a chlorofluorocarbon, e.g., freon 12, dichlorodifluoromethane (CCl 2 F 2 ). ...
http://cool.conservation-us.org/don/dt/dt0052.html
Asthma - KEAN 105 Todays Best CountryAsthma - KEAN 105 Todays Best Country
This story struck me as a little over the top when I first heard about it. Actually I thought this particular medicine had already been pulled years ago due to related deaths using the product. Primatene mist along with a few others will be phased out because the propellent used in the products contain CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) which are bad for the environment. Read More. ...
http://keanradio.com/tags/asthma/
Beclomethasone Dipropionate: Beclospir - Becloturmant HFABeclomethasone Dipropionate: Beclospir - Becloturmant HFA
Medicines containing beclomethasone dipropionate, including Beclotaide, Becloterol, Beclotis-NS, Beclotrox HFA, Beclospray; their forms, doses and companies.
http://beclomethasone.onlinebuy2.in/beclomethasone-dipropionate-drugs-p25.html
An Open Label, Multicentre Study to Evaluate Patient Satisfaction With Fluticasone/Salmeterol HFA MDI With Counter in Adult...An Open Label, Multicentre Study to Evaluate Patient Satisfaction With Fluticasone/Salmeterol HFA MDI With Counter in Adult...
Restricted Access Oops, it looks like you dont have a valid subscription to this content. To gain full access to the content and functionality of the AdisInsight database try one of the following. ...
http://adisinsight.springer.com/trials/700032986
01629-4123 - Sennelier Extra-Fine Artist Acryliques - BLICK art materials01629-4123 - Sennelier Extra-Fine Artist Acryliques - BLICK art materials
Sennelier Extra-Fine Acrylique Paints contain only the highest-quality pigments, selected to assure clarity, purity, opacity, and stability over time. A broad palette of 120 colors includes all the colors that made Senneliers Artists Oils famous.
https://www.dickblick.com/items/01629-4123/
01629-7383 - Sennelier Extra-Fine Artist Acryliques - BLICK art materials01629-7383 - Sennelier Extra-Fine Artist Acryliques - BLICK art materials
Sennelier Extra-Fine Acrylique Paints contain only the highest-quality pigments, selected to assure clarity, purity, opacity, and stability over time. A broad palette of 120 colors includes all the colors that made Senneliers Artists Oils famous.
https://www.dickblick.com/items/01629-7383/
Molotow One4All Acrylic Paint Marker 127HS-EF 1mm Extra-Fine Tip Signal White | plazaart.comMolotow One4All Acrylic Paint Marker 127HS-EF 1mm Extra-Fine Tip Signal White | plazaart.com
Shop for Molotow One4All Acrylic Paint Marker 127HS-EF 1mm Extra-Fine Tip Signal White from Molotow - Plaza Artist Materials offers the best prices and unparalleled customer service.
https://www.plazaart.com/molotow-one4all-acrylic-paint-marker-127hs-ef-1mm-extra-fine-tip-signal-white
Persistent CoughPersistent Cough
Persistent cough is the condition characterized by uncontrolled, persistent cough. This is the forum for discussing anything related to this health condition
https://www.healthician.org/forumdisplay.php?494-Persistent-Cough&s=eea9ee9c390d0e50921a4f1f8997fa93
aerosol - Wiktionaryaerosol - Wiktionary
A dispersion of fine particles of a solid or liquid in a pressurized or liquefied gas propellant for release as an aerosol spray ...
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/aerosol
Use of metered-dose inhaler electronic monitoring in a real-world asthma randomized controlled trial - Nottingham ePrintsUse of metered-dose inhaler electronic monitoring in a real-world asthma randomized controlled trial - Nottingham ePrints
Two thousand six hundred seventy-eight of 2728 monitors (98.2%) passed prestudy use checks. Seventy-six of 2642 monitors (2.9%) dispensed to participants failed within-study monitor checks. Fifty-one of 2642 monitors (1.9%) malfunctioned before data upload, mostly as a result of fluid immersion. Ninety-three of 2642 monitors (3.5%) were lost or thrown away by participants. Complete data was available from 2498 of 2642 dispensed monitors (94.5%) and 2498 of 2549 returned monitors (98.0 ...
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/42821/
Discharge Instructions: Using a Metered-Dose Inhaler | Northwestern MedicineDischarge Instructions: Using a Metered-Dose Inhaler | Northwestern Medicine
Northwestern Medicine offers a wide range of classes, events and support groups throughout the year - in your local community - to help you live a healthier, happier and more informed life.. ...
https://encyclopedia.nm.org/RelatedItems/RelatedDocuments.pg?d=&TypeId=3&ContentId=86587&Category=HS
Misty Handheld Air Sanitizer-deodorizer, Fresh Linen, 10oz, Aerosol, 1 - Omni SupplyMisty Handheld Air Sanitizer-deodorizer, Fresh Linen, 10oz, Aerosol, 1 - Omni Supply
Strong air sanitizer destroys odor-causing bacteria, completely freshening an area. Excellent for controlling the toughest odors, even animal smells. Nonflammable, low-VOC, ultra dry hydro-alcoholic formula. Contains no petroleum distillates or hydrocarbon propellants. EPA registered&mdashnot for sale in CA. Scent:
https://orderomni.com/products/misty-reg-air-sanitizer-and-deodorizer
ScentBomb Pomegranate Air Freshener Spray Bottle 1 Ounce - Scent BombScentBomb Pomegranate Air Freshener Spray Bottle 1 Ounce - Scent Bomb
Funky Foul odors always seem to pop up at the worst possible moments. ScentBomb is here to save you from having to answer the 3 scariest words in the English language, Whats That Smell?. Meet your new best friend. This discrete 1 ounce of bottle of ScentBomb air freshener may just save you from the most embarrassing moment of your life. Lovingly handcrafted in both Orange County California and Miami Florida, ScentBomb is made with 100% pure fragrance oils. Let me tell you why this is so important. When you spray the brand name department store air freshener, how long does the scent last? 30 minutes at most right? Plus the foul odor just comes right back because they put in less than 10% oil, and they fill the rest of the can up with chemical propellants, aerosols, and other toxic chemicals which are bad for your health and the environment.. Dont cover it up. #ScentBomb it. If you need a discreet way to eliminate an unwanted odor in 5 seconds, click the buy now button and never let an ...
https://scentbomb.com/product/pomegranate/
Color Flex Finish | Magic MenderColor Flex Finish | Magic Mender
Estimating coverage can be tricky. Much depends on the condition of the surface the Color Flex is being applied to and the color itself. For most small projects our 5.1 bottle is more than sufficient. A good comparison that most people would be familiar with: A typical 12 oz aerosol can holds approximately 3.4 oz of color, the rest is solvent and propellant.. Lighter colors (colors that contain white) will cover better than colors that contain more transparent tints like red. Shades of red typically require more applications. We double the tint base to combat that but please be aware that shades of red may not cover as well as the stated areas below.. One 5.1 oz bottle of Color Flex (double these for the 10 oz bottle ...
https://www.leatherrepairkits.com/product/color-flex-finish/?image=1
cetacaine spraycetacaine spray
• Économique à lutilisation: environ 1,10 $ par quadrant • Dentisterie laser Cases of methemoglobinemia have been reported in association with local anesthetic use. This occurs most commonly in patients following prolonged self-medication, which is contraindicated. Each one-second spray contains an average of 200 mg of product, not including propellant. The Jetco cannula may be removed and reinserted as many times as required for cleansing or sterilization, and is autoclavable. Depending on the severity of the symptoms, patients may respond to supportive care, i.e., oxygen therapy, hydration. Anesthesiology Review. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. Therefore, Cetacaine should not be used during early pregnancy, unless in the judgement of a physician, the potential benefits outweigh the unknown hazards. Cetacaine is available in liquid, spray and gel.
https://eb-advisorygroup.org/site/archive.php?id=cetacaine-spray-d83863
Signature SELECT Cooking Spr - Online Groceries | PavilionsSignature SELECT Cooking Spr - Online Groceries | Pavilions
Warning Contains: Contains: soy. Also contains propellant to dispense spray. Caution: Flammable. Contents under pressure. Read back panel carefully. Keep out of reach of children. Flammable spray! Do not spray or store near heat or open flame. Never spray directly into oven. Remove broiler pan from oven before spraying. Never leave can on stove or near source of heat. Can may explode if heated. Avoid spraying into eyes. Contents under pressure. Do not puncture or incinerate. Use in adequate ventilation. Use only as directed. Intentional misuse by deliberately concentrating or inhaling the contents may be harmful or fatal. For more education about product abuse contact the alliance for consumer education at www.inhalant.org. ...
https://www.pavilions.com/shop/product-details.960055553.html
Liquefied petroleum gasLiquefied petroleum gas
"Aerosol Propellant , Aerosol Propellant Gas , Aerosol Supplies Dubai - Brothers Gas". www.brothersgas.com. Archived from the ... It is increasingly used as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant, replacing chlorofluorocarbons in an effort to reduce damage ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquefied_petroleum_gas
Metered-dose inhalerMetered-dose inhaler
One of the most crucial components of a MDI is its propellant. The propellant provides the force to generate the aerosol cloud ... CFC propellants have been replaced by hydrofluorocarbon propellants. Concerns about the use of hydrofluorocarbon propellants ... Propellants in MDIs typically make up more than 99% of the delivered dose, so it is the properties of the propellant that ... Leach, C L (1995). "Approaches and Challenges to Use Freon Propellant Replacements". Aerosol Science and Technology. 22 (4): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metered-dose_inhaler
1,2-Difluoroethane1,2-Difluoroethane
... aerosol propellants, 2%; food freezant, 1%; other, 8%; exports, 3%. 1,2-Difluoroethane is toxic when inhaled or when it comes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,2-Difluoroethane
RNA-dependent RNA polymeraseRNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Simaan JA, Aviado DM (November 1975). "Hemodynamic effects of aerosol propellants. II. Pulmonary circulation in the dog". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA-dependent_RNA_polymerase
EtherEther
An aerosol spray propellant. A potential renewable alternative fuel for diesel engines with a cetane rating as high as 56-57. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyether
AlkaneAlkane
Both are used as propellants in aerosol sprays. From pentane to octane the alkanes are highly volatile liquids. They are used ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane
BallistolBallistol
It is distributed in liquid and aerosol forms. The aerosol uses butane or propane as a propellant. It advertises it has no ... aerosol only) WD-40 Ballistol about us http://www.ballistol.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/MSDS_TECH_BIO.pdf MSDS for Ballistol ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistol
FoggerFogger
To distribute their insecticide, foggers also contain aerosol propellants. During 2001-2006, a total of 466 fogger-related ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fogger
Silly StringSilly String
Aerosol propellants are liquids with very low boiling points. When under pressure inside the can, the propellant is in liquid ... A key component in Silly String is its aerosol spray can and the propellant that ejects the product mixture from the can. The ... The aerosol propellant represents the bulk of the product. Solubility of the resin and other materials in the product is ... The use of aerosol string products has been banned in several places for various reasons, including cleanup and removal costs ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silly_String
Hairstyling productHairstyling product
... and make almost ideal aerosol propellants. However, when research concluded that CFCs cause destruction of stratospheric ozone ... It sprays evenly over the hair using a pump or aerosol spray nozzle. The product may leave hair feeling 'crunchy' unless ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hairstyling_product
Vinyl chlorideVinyl chloride
Information on the aerosol propellant controversy ATSDR Toxicological Profile for chloroethene / vinyl chloride CDC - NIOSH ... Until 1974, vinyl chloride was used in aerosol spray propellant. Vinyl chloride was briefly used as an inhalational anaesthetic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyl_chloride
IsobutaneIsobutane
... is also used as a propellant for aerosol cans. Isobutane is used as part of blended fuels, especially common in fuel ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isobutane
Leavening agentLeavening agent
Nitrous oxide is used as a propellant in aerosol whip cream cans. Large densities of N2O are dissolved in cream at high ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leavening_agent
Carbon footprintCarbon footprint
The biggest cause of these sources is the usage of ozone depleting substances; such as refrigerants, aerosol, propellants, foam ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_footprint
Erik RotheimErik Rotheim
Image of the Norway Postage stamp[permanent dead link] Highlights of The Aerosol (Fédération Européenne des Aerosols) v t e. ... The can could dispense different fluids using a chemical propellant. The Norwegian patent was granted in June 1929. He filed ... He is best known for invention of the first aerosol spray can and valve that could hold and dispense fluids. Erik Rotheim was ... In 1949, Robert Abplanalp files the first aerosol valve patent which was issued by the United States Patent and Trademark ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erik_Rotheim
ChlorofluorocarbonChlorofluorocarbon
Uses include refrigerants, blowing agents, aerosol propellants in medicinal applications, and degreasing solvents. Billions of ... propellants in aerosol cans, and as solvents. The entry of CFCs into the ocean makes them extremely useful as transient tracers ... propellants (in aerosol applications), and solvents. Because CFCs contribute to ozone depletion in the upper atmosphere, the ... but also have uses in fire-fighting and as propellants in aerosol cans. Bromomethane is widely used as a fumigant. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorofluorocarbon
Dry shampooDry shampoo
... in the form of aerosol also often contains a propellant ingredient. The propellant used in dry shampoo usually ... or through the aerosol form where the dry shampoo is sprayed directly onto the head. In the aerosol form, the powders ... If using an aerosol dry shampoo, hold the can at least 6 inches away from the application area. Once applied, evenly distribute ... It is in powder form and is typically administered from an aerosol can. Dry shampoo is often based on corn starch or rice ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_shampoo
ArgonArgon
... is sometimes used as the propellant in aerosol cans. Argon is also used as a preservative for such products as varnish, ... Argon is used as a propellant in the development of the Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR). Compressed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
Environmental impact of cleaning productsEnvironmental impact of cleaning products
Propellant Gas[edit]. Products that are packaged in aerosol cans contain a chemical known as propellant gas.[11] Almost always ... Aerosol cans[edit]. This chart compares the greatest sources of plastic waste, with packaging largely at the forefront of the ... The EPA cautions against buying anything with packaging that utilizes aerosol sprays or wasteful abundance of packaging.[7] ... As aforementioned, products packaged in aerosol cans currently contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), which damages the ozone ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_cleaning_agents
DifluoromethaneDifluoromethane
Other uses of difluoromethane include its use as aerosol propellants, blowing agents, and solvents. Every year, approximately ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difluoromethane
Montreal ProtocolMontreal Protocol
Like CFCs, HCFCs are used for refrigeration, aerosol propellants, foam manufacture and air conditioning. Unlike the CFCs, ... But the Rowland-Molina hypothesis was strongly disputed by representatives of the aerosol and halocarbon industries. The chair ... and inventor of the first practical aerosol spray can valve), wrote to the Chancellor of UC Irvine to complain about Rowland's ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreal_Protocol
Dimethyl etherDimethyl ether
... is also used as a propellant in aerosol products. Such products include hair spray, bug spray and some aerosol ... The simplest ether, it is a colorless gas that is a useful precursor to other organic compounds and an aerosol propellant that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethyl_ether
Pepper sprayPepper spray
Regulations for aerosol packages need to be observed. Sprays with greenhouse relevant propellants such as R134a (1,1,1,2- ... It is classified as a Category D Weapon in French law and if the aerosol contains more than 100 ml (3.5 imp fl oz; 3.4 US fl oz ... The SHU is a measurement of the base resin compound and not what comes out in the aerosol. The rated irritant effect of the ... Container holding the defense spray must contain no more than 2.5 ounces (71 g) net weight of aerosol spray. Certain ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepper_spray
HydrofluorocarbonHydrofluorocarbon
HFCs are also used in insulating foams, aerosol propellants, as solvents and for fire protection. They do not harm the ozone ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrofluorocarbon
InhalerInhaler
2004). Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology (2nd ed.). NY: Marcel Dekker. Nick Baumann (July-August 2011). "Why You're ... In MDIs, medication is typically stored in solution in a pressurized canister that contains a propellant, although it may also ... On activation, the metered-dose inhaler releases a fixed dose of medication in aerosol form. The correct procedure for using an ... Nebulizers - supply the medication as an aerosol created from an aqueous formulation. Nasal inhalers contain decongestant drugs ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhaler
Environmental impact of cleaning productsEnvironmental impact of cleaning products
Products that are packaged in aerosol cans contain a chemical known as propellant gas. Almost always, this propellant gas is ... New aerosol cans that cannot contain the banned CFCs now contain hydrocarbon, which has been linked to the production of VOCs, ... Following the ban of CFCs, aerosols are now filled with hydrocarbon or compressed gasses, which have been linked to cause VOCs ... The EPA cautions against buying anything with packaging that utilizes aerosol sprays or wasteful abundance of packaging. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_cleaning_products
Cool WhipCool Whip
... is available in an aerosol can using nitrous oxide as a propellant. From its introduction, Cool Whip was labeled and ... Cool Whip remains the most popular brand of whipped topping in the United States, with Reddi-wip (whipped cream in an aerosol ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool_Whip
Mr MuscleMr Muscle
Like most household cleaning aerosols, the propellant is a blend of propane and isobutane. Because the product required ... The original product-an aerosol oven cleaner-was developed at Drackett in 1986.[citation needed] The Mr Muscle product lineup ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr_Muscle
1,1-Difluoroethane1,1-Difluoroethane
It is also used as a propellant for aerosol sprays and in gas duster products. As an alternative to chlorofluorocarbons, it has ... The low cost, easy availability, and packaging of dusting sprays in a valved aerosol can encourage impulsive use. The practice ... When inverted to spray liquid, the boiling fluorocarbon aerosol is easily ignitable, producing a very large blast of flame and ... and many consumer aerosol products, especially those subject to stringent VOC requirements. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,1-Difluoroethane
Greenhouse gas footprintGreenhouse gas footprint
The biggest cause of these sources is the usage of ozone depleting substances; such as refrigerants, aerosol, propellants, foam ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/GHG_footprint
1,1,1-Trichloroethane1,1,1-Trichloroethane
... as an aerosol propellant, as a cutting fluid additive, and as a solvent for inks, paints, adhesives, and other coatings. 1,1,1- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,1,1-Trichloroethane
ഓക്സൈഡ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയഓക്സൈഡ് - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
... aerosol propellant, recreational drug, greenhouse gas. Other nitrogen oxides such as NO. 2NO. 2 (Nitrogen dioxide), NO(Nitrogen ...
https://ml.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/ഓക്സൈഡുകൾ
Butane - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaButane - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It is also used as fuel in cigarette lighters, and as propellant in aerosol sprays or deodorants. Some kinds of Butane are used ... It is used as a fuel (sometimes with propane) and in aerosol cans. ...
https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butane
ArgonArgon
... is sometimes used as the propellant in aerosol cans for such products as varnish, polyurethane, and paint, and to ... Argon is used as a propellant in the development of the Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR). Compressed ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argon
AirbrushAirbrush
Aerosol paint - similar technique with pressurised aerosol propellant in a can. ReferencesEdit. *^ "An Artist's Tool - ... The addition of a simple pistol grip adapter to an aerosol paint spray can create a cheap alternative to a spray gun. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbrushing
Ozone depletionOzone depletion
They were used in air conditioning and cooling units, as aerosol spray propellants prior to the 1970s, and in the cleaning ... The United States banned the use of CFCs in aerosol cans in 1978.[78] The European Community rejected proposals to ban CFCs in ... Worldwide CFC production fell sharply after the U.S. aerosol ban, but by 1986 had returned nearly to its 1976 level.[78] In ... In response the United States, Canada and Norway banned the use of CFCs in aerosol spray cans in 1978. Early estimates were ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone_depletion
Potassium nitratePotassium nitrate
Major uses of potassium nitrate are in fertilizers, tree stump removal, rocket propellants and fireworks. It is one of the ... Active ingredient of condensed aerosol fire suppression systems. When burned with the free radicals of a fire's flame, it ... "THE EVALUATION OF NON-PYROTECHNICALLY GENERATED AEROSOLS AS FIRE SUPPRESSANTS" (PDF). United States National Institute of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_peter
WD-40WD-40
A propellant which is now used instead of the original liquefied petroleum gas to reduce WD-40's flammability. (A bulk liquid ... It was Norman Larsen, president of the company, who had the idea of packaging it in aerosol cans and marketed it in this way.[3 ... A propellant (originally a low-molecular-weight hydrocarbon, now carbon dioxide) creates pressure in the can to force the ... Reduces the liquid's viscosity so that it can be used in aerosols. The hydrocarbon evaporates during application. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WD-40
EtherEther
An aerosol spray propellant. A potential renewable alternative fuel for diesel engines with a cetane rating as high as 56-57. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyethers
Easy CheeseEasy Cheese
The propellant does not mix with the cheese. Normal aerosol cans are charged with all of their contents through the single ... Although sometimes called "aerosol cheese," its container is not actually an aerosol spray can, because the cheese does not ... It is also referred to as aerosol cheese, spray cheese or simply cheese in a can, and is similar to squeeze cheese (a semi- ... usually combine with a propellant (such as nitrogen) to turn into a fine mist upon being sprayed. Rather, the can contains a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easy_Cheese
RefrigerantRefrigerant
"Propellant 12") for the same chemical used as a propellant for an aerosol spray, and with trade names for the compounds, such ... The same numbers are used with an R- prefix for generic refrigerants, with a "Propellant" prefix (e.g., " ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refrigerant
آرگون - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزادآرگون - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
Argon is sometimes used as the propellant in aerosol cans for such products as varnish, polyurethane, and paint, and to ... Argon is used as a propellant in the development of the Variable Specific Impulse Magnetoplasma Rocket (VASIMR). Compressed ...
https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/آرگون?match=en
SulfurSulfur
... it is also a nonreactive and nontoxic propellant for pressurized containers. Sulfur tetrafluoride is a rarely used organic ... Stratospheric sulfur aerosols. *Sulfur assimilation. *Ultra-low sulfur diesel. .mw-parser-output .subjectbar{background-color:# ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfur
PropanePropane
Aerosol propellants. *Refrigerants. *Fuel gas. *Hydrocaurbons. Skauk't categeries: *Airticles withoot InChI soorce ...
https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propane
Aerosol sprayAerosol spray
Non-aerosol packaging alternativesEdit. By definition, aerosol sprays release their propellant during use.[2][3] Some non- ... Aerosol propellantsEdit. If aerosol cans were simply filled with compressed gas, it would either need to be at a dangerously ... Aerosol contents may be deliberately inhaled to achieve intoxication from the propellant (known as inhalant abuse or "huffing ... The concepts of aerosol probably go as far back as 1790.[1] The first aerosol spray can patent was granted in Oslo in 1927 to ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerosol_spray
ExplosiveExplosive
Examples include single-based propellant, double-based propellant, triple-based propellant, and composite propellants, solid ... pressurized gas, such as a gas cylinder, aerosol can, or BLEVE. *nuclear energy, such as in the fissile isotopes uranium-235 ... These are bulk propellants, propelling charges, and devices containing propellants with or without means of ignition. ... Propellants and many pyrotechnic items fall into this category. If one item in a package or stack initiates, it will usually ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_and_secondary_explosives
PolytetrafluoroethylenePolytetrafluoroethylene
They are used in infrared decoy flares and as igniters for solid-fuel rocket propellants.[43] Aluminium and PTFE is also used ... PTFE is used in some aerosol lubricant sprays, including in micronized and polarized form. It is notable for its extremely low ... Development and Application of Magnesium/Teflon/Viton". Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics. 27 (5): 262-266. doi:10.1002/ ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTFE
OxideOxide
... aerosol propellant, recreational drug, greenhouse gas. Other nitrogen oxides such as NO. 2 (nitrogen dioxide), NO (nitrogen ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxide
Isopropyl alcoholIsopropyl alcohol
... is often sold in aerosol cans as a windshield or door lock deicer. Isopropyl alcohol is also used to remove ... low explosive propellant.[14] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isopropyl_alcohol
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane
It is used as propellant for some metered dose inhalers.[27] It is considered safe for this use.[28][29][30] In combination ... "Norflurane-Pentafluoropropane Aerosol, Spray". WebMD.. *^ Shulman M, Sadove MS (1967). "1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane: an ... It is also commonly used as a propellant for airsoft airguns. The gas is often mixed with a silicone-based lubricant. ... This propellant has been shown to be safe and nonanaesthetic in standard inhaler doses. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane
Ipratropium bromideIpratropium bromide
Previously atrovent inhalers used chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) as a propellant and contained soy lecithin in the propellant ... It is also combined with salbutamol (albuterol - USAN) under the trade names Combivent (a non-aerosol metered-dose inhaler or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipratropium_bromide
HalomethaneHalomethane
PropellantsEdit. One major use of CFCs has been as propellants of aerosols, including metered-dose inhalers for drugs used to ... Its volatility has led to its use as an aerosol spray propellant and as a blowing agent for polyurethane foams. ... The conversion of these devices and treatments from CFC to propellants that do not have the same effect on the ozone layer is ... propellants, and fumigants. Many, including the chlorofluorocarbons, have attracted wide attention because they become active ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halomethane
GlycerolGlycerol
... and propellants like cordite. Reliance on soap-making to supply co-product glycerol made it difficult to increase production to ... producing the aerosol that delivers nicotine to the user.[28] ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycerol
Halogeni, kamusi elezo huruHalogeni, kamusi elezo huru
Katika chloroflourocarbons (CFCs), hutumika kama aerosol propellant, katika majokofu na kama wakala wa mapovu katika polymer. ...
https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halogeni
Chromist™ aerosol propellant | Sigma-AldrichChromist™ aerosol propellant | Sigma-Aldrich
... aerosol propellant; EC Number: 200-866-1; find Aldrich-439045 MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar ... CFC-free aerosol propellant. The Chromist attaches to the top of a standard 38-400 bottle filled with your reagent to deliver ...
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/439045?lang=en®ion=US
Propellant and Product - How Aerosol Cans Work | HowStuffWorksPropellant and Product - How Aerosol Cans Work | HowStuffWorks
An aerosol can contains one fluid that boils well below room temperature (called the propellant) and one that boils at a much ... The plastic head on an aerosol can pushes down on a small valve, allowing the pressurized contents of the can to flow to the ... In most aerosol cans, the bottom curves inward. This serves two functions:. *The shape strengthens the structure of the can. If ... The high-pressure propellant gas drives the liquid product up the plastic tube and out through the nozzle. The narrow nozzle ...
https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/everyday-innovations/aerosol-can2.htm
Aerosol Propellants Market | Forecast Report 2020-2030Aerosol Propellants Market | Forecast Report 2020-2030
Find the market report of quickest-growing Aerosol Propellants market with in-detailed market analysis, data insights and ... North America Aerosol Propellants Market Size and Forecast, By Country. 6.2.1. The U.S. Aerosol Propellants Market. 6.2.1.1. ... MEA Aerosol Propellants Market Size and Forecast, By Application. 11. Leading Companies in the Aerosol Propellants Market 11.1 ... Asia Pacific Aerosol Propellants Market Size and Forecast, By Country. 9.2.1. Japan Aerosol Propellants Market. 9.2.1.1. Market ...
https://www.visiongain.com/report/aerosol-propellants-market-report-2020-2030/
Aerosol Propellants Market- Global Industry Analysis and Forecast 2013-2019Aerosol Propellants Market- Global Industry Analysis and Forecast 2013-2019
... and aerosol propellants market. The global market was valued at US$16.4 billion in 2012, and is estimatedto reach a value of US ... and future prospects of the market for aerosol, SPF, and aerosol propellants.. The aerosol, SPF, and aerosol propellants ... Hydrocarbons to Lead the Aerosol, SPF, and Aerosol Propellants Market in Coming Years : Transparency Market Research. Aerosol, ... www.transparencymarketresearch.com/aerosol-propellants-market.html. Europe is the dominant market for aerosol propellants in ...
http://www.sbwire.com/press-releases/aerosol-propellants-market/release-578441.htm
Aerosol Propellants Safety Manual - CSPAAerosol Propellants Safety Manual - CSPA
The CSPA Aerosol Propellants Safety Manual is the basic safety manual needed by all aerosol product manufacturers and ... "Aerosol Propellants: Considerations for Effective Handling in the Aerosol Plant and Laboratory" (better known as the Aerosol ... "Aerosol Propellants: Considerations for Effective Handling in the Aerosol Plant and Laboratory" (better known as the Aerosol ... First published in 1984, the CSPA Aerosol Propellants Safety Manual contains information on propellants shipping, receiving, ...
https://www.cspa.org/product/aerosol-propellant-safety-manual/
Aerosol propellants | Items | National Library of New Zealand | National Library of New ZealandAerosol propellants | Items | National Library of New Zealand | National Library of New Zealand
NEWS; A truck laden with aerosol cans ignited, blocking the Desert Road. 2 December 2009. ... Shows a man aiming a can of aerosol fly spray at a fly, which tells him to save the ozone layer. Refers to the destruction of ... Two taggers sympathise with a fellow-tagger who has been forced to use acrylics and a paintbrush because his supply of aerosol ... The destructive effect of aerosol sprays; non-smoking legislation; the greenhouse effect; protesting against environmental ...
https://natlib.govt.nz/records/22634186
Cambridge engineers investigate propellant-free aerosols | The Engineer The EngineerCambridge engineers investigate propellant-free aerosols | The Engineer The Engineer
Cambridge engineers investigate propellant-free aerosols. By Kate Cummins 6th June 2011 12:00 am 17th December 2015 12:51 pm ... Conventional aerosol cans contain both a propellant and any number of products such as a deodorant or insect repellent. When a ... Many types of propellant have been used by aerosol manufacturers over the years. These include chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), ... Our approach would enable manufacturers to produce propellant-free aerosols but in smaller, less expensive packaging. And ...
https://www.theengineer.co.uk/cambridge-engineers-investigate-propellant-free-aerosols/
Aerosol Propellant Market worth 8.16 Billion USD by 2020Aerosol Propellant Market worth 8.16 Billion USD by 2020
Aerosol Propellant: The global aerosol propellant market was valued at USD 5.70 Billion in 2014 and is expected to reach USD ... The aerosol propellant market in Europe accounted for the largest share of 37.22%, by volume, of the global aerosol propellant ... It accounted for a share of 63.88% of the global aerosol propellant market in 2014. Other hydrocarbon propellants are easy to ... Browse more than 78 market data tables with 57 figures spread through 140 pages and in-depth TOC on "Aerosol Propellant Market ...
https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/PressReleases/aerosol-propellant.asp
Aerosol Propellant Market by Type, Application & by Geography - 2020 | MarketsandMarketsAerosol Propellant Market by Type, Application & by Geography - 2020 | MarketsandMarkets
Aerosol Propellant Market report categorizes the global market by Application (Medical, Household, Personal Care, and Others), ... 6.2.2 Aerosol Propellant, By Type Segment. 6.2.3 Aerosol Propellant Manufacturers/Formulators. 6.2.4 Aerosol Propellant ... Figure 20 Aerosol Propellant, By Type. Figure 21 Aerosol Propellant, By Application. Figure 22 Aerosol Propellant, By Region. ... 4.1 Attractive Opportunities in Aerosol Propellant Market 4.2 Aerosol Propellant Market, By Applications 4.3 Aerosol Propellant ...
https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/aerosol-propellant-market-35516484.html
Global Aerosol propellant Market Size and Forecast up, 2024Global Aerosol propellant Market Size and Forecast up, 2024
... www.radiantinsights.com/research/global-aerosol-propellant-market/request-sampleAdditionally, paints are estimated to go ... Global Aerosol propellant Market Size and Forecast up, 2024. Radiant Insights, Inc - Market Research And Consulting Firm - ... www.radiantinsights.com/research/global-aerosol-propellant-market/request-sample ... www.radiantinsights.com/research/global-aerosol-propellant-market ...
http://prsync.com/radiant-insights-inc---market-research-and-consult/global-aerosol-propellant-market-size-and-forecast-up--2547762/
Aerosol Packaging: Propellant Storage Handling Archives - Canadian PackagingAerosol Packaging: Propellant Storage Handling Archives - Canadian Packaging
RT @WellingtonBrew: We cant get over the hustle, poise and heart of this team. Class act @Raptors! Thanks for the history-making 🍻 https://t.co/ ...
https://www.canadianpackaging.com/packaging-machinery/aerosol-packaging/aerosol-packaging-propellant-storage-handling/
Aerosol Propellants Market- Global Industry Analysis and Forecast 2013-2019Aerosol Propellants Market- Global Industry Analysis and Forecast 2013-2019
... and Aerosol Propellants (CFC, Hydrocarbons, DME and Others) Market for Paints, Coatings, Medical and Household Applications - ... The hazards associated with aerosol propellants and flammable and explosive properties of aerosol propellants such as propane ... Aerosol, SPF (Spray Polyurethane Foam) and Aerosol Propellants (CFC, Hydrocarbons, DME and Others) Market for Paints, Coatings ... Hydrocarbons to Lead the Aerosol, SPF, and Aerosol Propellants Market in Coming Years ...
https://www.transparencymarketresearch.com/aerosol-propellants-market.html
Aerosol Propellant Market Expected Value Up to 8.16 Billion USD by 2020 | Jan 21, 2016 - ReleaseWireAerosol Propellant Market Expected Value Up to 8.16 Billion USD by 2020 | Jan 21, 2016 - ReleaseWire
Aerosol Propellant Market by Type (DME, HFC, HFO, Other Hydrocarbons, and Others), by Application (Personal Care, Household, ... Aerosol Propellant: The global aerosol propellant market was valued at USD 5.70 Billion in 2014 and is expected to reach USD ... The aerosol propellant market in Europe accounted for the largest share of 37.22%, by volume, of the global aerosol propellant ... Aerosol Propellant Market Expected Value Up to 8.16 Billion USD by 2020. Aerosol Propellant Market report categorizes the ...
http://www.sbwire.com/press-releases/aerosol-propellant-market-expected-value-up-to-816-billion-usd-by-2020-658309.htm
US6407044B2 - Aerosol personal cleansing emulsion compositions which contain low vapor pressure propellants - Google...US6407044B2 - Aerosol personal cleansing emulsion compositions which contain low vapor pressure propellants - Google...
... of a hydrocarbon propellant having a vapor pressure of from about 3 psig to about 15 psig. ... An aerosol personal cleansing composition comprising from about 85% to about 95% of a neat cleansing lotion comprising from ... Osaka Aerosol Industries Corporation. Aerosol composition exhibiting crackling sound using aliphatic hydrocarbon propellants ... Osaka Aerosol Industries Corporation. Aerosol composition exhibiting crackling sound using aliphatic hydrocarbon propellants ...
https://patents.google.com/patent/US6407044
Inquiry before buying - Aerosol Propellants Market Size - Industry Share Report 2022Inquiry before buying - Aerosol Propellants Market Size - Industry Share Report 2022
Aerosol Propellants Market Size by Product (DME & Methyl Ethyl Ether, Hydrocarbons, Nitrous Oxide & Carbon Dioxide), By ... Aerosol Propellants Market Size by Product (DME & Methyl Ethyl Ether, Hydrocarbons, Nitrous Oxide & Carbon Dioxide), By ... Aerosol Propellants Market Size by Product (DME & Methyl Ethyl Ether, Hydrocarbons, Nitrous Oxide & ... ...
https://www.gminsights.com/inquiry-before-buying/102
1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (Whitmire). June 19, 1996. Tolerance Exemption when used as an Inert Ingredient (aerosol propellant...1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane (Whitmire). June 19, 1996. Tolerance Exemption when used as an Inert Ingredient (aerosol propellant...
Tolerance Exemption when used as an Inert ingredient (aerosol propellant). Final Rule. Federal Register. ... 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane, .............. Aerosol propellant (CAS Reg. No. 811-97-2). * * * * * [FR Doc. 96-15482 Filed 6-18-96 ... aerosol propellant) in insecticide formulations intended to be applied in food handling establishments. This regulation was ... propellants in aerosol dispensers; microencapsulating agents; and emulsifiers. The term ``inert is not intended to imply ...
https://fluoridealert.org/wp-content/pesticides/1,1,1,2-tetrafluor.frjun.96.htm
Global Aerosol Propellants Market is Estimated to Reach USD 11 Billion by 2024 | Hexa Research - Express Press Release...Global Aerosol Propellants Market is Estimated to Reach USD 11 Billion by 2024 | Hexa Research - Express Press Release...
The global Aerosol Propellants Market size is projected to reach USD 11 billion by 2024. The development of high-quality ... Global Aerosol Propellant Market is expected to witness a steady growth over the forecast period on account of its high ... Growth of the Aerosol Propellants Market depends greatly on the availability of raw materials, such as crude oil and natural ... The use of aerosol propellant gases, such as carbon dioxide & nitrous oxide can increase considerably in the near future. This ...
https://express-press-release.net/news/2018/06/06/270030
The global aerosol propellants market is anticipated to surpass USD 13 billion by 2030 while growing at a lucrative CAGR of 5...'The global aerosol propellants market is anticipated to surpass USD 13 billion by 2030 while growing at a lucrative CAGR of 5...
Some of the key Aerosol Propellants market players include Aerochem, Aeropres Corporation, Aerosol Gas Ltd., Aerosol Service ... there is increasing adoption of aerosol propellants. The adoption of some eco-friendly aerosol propellants is also facilitated ... Also, the growth of aerosol propellants is likely to be driven by the growing adoption of aerosol in cosmetics, pharmaceutical ... "The global aerosol propellants market is anticipated to surpass USD 13 billion by 2030 while growing at a lucrative CAGR of 5.4 ...
https://www.visiongain.com/the-global-aerosol-propellants-market-is-anticipated-to-surpass-usd-13-billion-by-2030-while-growing-at-a-lucrative-cagr-of-5-4-during-the-forecast-period-from-2020-to-2030-says-visiongain/
Importance of Propellants and Excipients in Pharmaceutical Topical Aerosol | Bentham ScienceImportance of Propellants and Excipients in Pharmaceutical Topical Aerosol | Bentham Science
Importance of Propellants and Excipients in Pharmaceutical Topical Aerosol. Author(s): Maunab Patra*, Abbess Healthcare OPC Pvt ... Keywords:Excipients, pharmaceutical aerosol, propellants, skin, solvents, topical drug delivery system.. Abstract:Skin is the ... So, pharmaceutical aerosols came to existence to meet patient compliance. Many variations in excipients with respect to ... Conclusion: Presently, aerosol drug delivery system has become beneficial as far as faster pharmacological action and economy ...
http://www.eurekaselect.com/150772/article
Propellants | Cámara Argentina del AerosolPropellants | Cámara Argentina del Aerosol
Here you can find the contact information of our associate members. Our members list is sorted by category. Please select the category of your choice to get more information directly from the Members:. Select a category. All associate members. Cans. Valves. Actuators. Caps. Propellants. Valve bushings. Fillers. Marketers. Machinery. Essences. Specialized consulting. Others. ...
http://www.cadea.org.ar/asociados/propelentes/?lang=en
Aerosol Cans Market by Material Type (Aluminum, Steel, Plastic, and Glass), Product Type (Necked-in, Straight wall, and Shaped)...Aerosol Cans Market by Material Type (Aluminum, Steel, Plastic, and Glass), Product Type (Necked-in, Straight wall, and Shaped)...
Global Market for Aerosol Cans Projected to Grow from USD 8.74 Billion in 2015 to Reach USD 10.93 Billion by 2021, at an ... 8 Aerosol Cans Market, By Propellant Type 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Liquefied Gas Propellant 8.3 Compressed Gas Propellant 9 Aerosol ... 4.2 Aerosol Cans Market, By Propellant Type 4.3 Aerosol Cans Market, By Material Type 4.4 Aerosol Cans Market, By End-Use ... Table 5 Aerosol Cans Market Size, By Propellant Type, 2014-2021 (USD Million) Table 6 Aerosol Cans Market Size, By Propellant ...
https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/4173500/aerosol-cans-market-by-material-type-aluminum
Freons ( CFC´s ) - aerosol propellants, refrigerants, fire extinguishers, and lubricants, - Kettering and Dental CariesFreons ( CFC´s ) - aerosol propellants, refrigerants, fire extinguishers, and lubricants, - Kettering and Dental Caries
In the meantime, the aerosol propellants had also gained importance for military purposes: Excerpt from Chapter 2, "Historical ... developed a portable aerosol dispenser which used "Freon" 12 fluorocarbon as the propellant ... From July 1942, when the ... supplied over 30,000,000 aerosols to the Armed Forces. Other companies engaged in supplying aerosols for the military included ... "One of the most important developments in the aerosol field occurred during World War II. During an investigation to find a way ...
http://www.fluoride-history.de/p-freon.htm
Public Hearing to Consider Proposed Amendments to the Prohibitions on Use of Certain Hydrofluorocarbons in Stationary...Public Hearing to Consider Proposed Amendments to the Prohibitions on Use of Certain Hydrofluorocarbons in Stationary...
Aerosols-Propellants and Foam End-Uses (Title 17, California Code of Regulations, section 95371 et seq.) (HFC Regulation). DATE ... Aerosols-Propellants, and Foam End-Uses Regulation. ... Aerosols-Propellants, and Foam End-Uses Regulation. ... Aerosols-Propellants, and Foam End-Uses Regulation. ...
https://www.hillphoenix.com/refrig_regulations/public-hearing-to-consider-proposed-amendments-to-the-prohibitions-on-use-of-certain-hydrofluorocarbons-in-stationary-refrigeration-chillers-aerosols-propellants-and-foam-end-uses-regulation/
propellant definition Archives - Consumer Aerosol Products CouncilConsumer Aerosol Products Councilpropellant definition Archives - Consumer Aerosol Products CouncilConsumer Aerosol Products Council
Tag Archives: propellant definition. What is a Propellant?. According to Merriam-Webster, a propellant is a gas under pressure ... Good examples of common, everyday products that use propellants are aerosol products. These inert … read more… ... Consumer Aerosol Products Council 1667 K Street NW, Suite 300 Washington, DC 20006. (202) 670-6501 [email protected] *facebook ... 2015 All Rights Reserved - Consumer Aerosol Products Council, In Affiliation with the Consumer Specialty Products Association ( ...
https://www.aerosolproducts.org/tag/propellant-definition/
Aerosol Propellants Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product (Hydrocarbon, DME, CFC), By Application (Households,...Aerosol Propellants Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product (Hydrocarbon, DME, CFC), By Application (Households,...
Aerosol Propellants Market Size, Share & Trends Analysis Report By Product (Hydrocarbon, DME, CFC), By Application (Households ... Aerosol propellants composition in shaving creams 11. Aerosol propellants composition in deodorants 12. Aerosol propellants ... Aerosol propellants composition in inhalation aerosols 7. Aerosol propellants composition in topical aerosol pharmaceutical ... Aerosol propellants composition in hard surface spray cleaner 17. Aerosol propellants- Key market driver analysis 18. Aerosol ...
https://www.radiantinsights.com/research/aerosol-propellants-market-2025
US7040314B2 - Aerosol generating devices and methods for generating aerosols suitable for forming propellant-free aerosols ...US7040314B2 - Aerosol generating devices and methods for generating aerosols suitable for forming propellant-free aerosols ...
... the liquid aerosol formulation is propellant free. An aerosol generating device generates an aerosol by passing liquid aerosol ... The aerosol generator can be incorporated in a hand held inhaler. The aerosol can be delivered to a targeted portion of the ... In some embodiments, particles of the aerosol consist essentially of the second component. ... formulation through a flow passage heated to convert the liquid into a vapor, which is mixed with air to form an aerosol. ...
https://patents.google.com/patent/US7040314B2/en
Global Aerosol Propellant Market is Expected to Grow at a CAGR of around 4% from 2016 to 2024 - Industry Report by Hexa...Global Aerosol Propellant Market is Expected to Grow at a CAGR of around 4% from 2016 to 2024 - Industry Report by Hexa...
Aerosol propellants are widely used in aerosol sprays that help in the compressed gas escape. ... Paint industry makes extensive aerosol propellants use especially in the spray paints manufacturing. Aerosol paints have ... Global aerosol propellant market is expected to witness a steady growth over the forecast period on account of its high ... Global Aerosol Propellant Market is Expected to Grow at a CAGR of around 4% from 2016 to 2024 - Industry Report by Hexa ...
http://www.abnewswire.com/pressreleases/global-aerosol-propellant-market-is-expected-to-grow-at-a-cagr-of-around-4-from-2016-to-2024-industry-report-by-hexa-research_65272.html
Aerosol Propellants Market Size and Share | Industry Statistics - 2027Aerosol Propellants Market Size and Share | Industry Statistics - 2027
Aerosol propellants market was valued at $22,820 million in 2020 and is projected to grow at 6.3% CAGR from 2021 to 2027 owing ... Is global aerosol propellants industry growing?. The global market for aerosol propellants reached USD 22,820 million in 2020 ... What is the future of aerosol propellants industry in North America?. The market for aerosol propellants in North America could ... Why is hydrocarbon aerosol propellants market gaining momentum worldwide?. Hydrocarbon aerosol propellants industry size ...
https://www.gminsights.com/industry-analysis/aerosol-propellants-market
Aerosol Propellants Market | ReleaseWire MediaWireAerosol Propellants Market | ReleaseWire MediaWire
Whats Driving the Aerosol Propellants Market Share? : By Key Players Honeywell, Covestro, Harp International, Lapolla ...
http://www.releasewire.com/multimedia/photos/aerosol-propellants-market-247526.htm
Aerosol Propellants - National Refrigerants LtdAerosol Propellants - National Refrigerants Ltd
Aerosol Propellants. National Refrigerants are completely independent, allowing us to offer the complete range of traditional ...
https://nationalref.com/aerosol-propellants/
HydrocarbonsSpraysCFCsNorth AmericaSolventsNitrous oxideMethyl ethylButaneSprayDimethyl etherHigh-pressure propellant gasInhalation AerosolInhalerOutstanding propellant formulationsForecastChlorofluorocarbonsParticlesFlammableAdoption of aerosol propellantsAntiperspirantsSegmentRefrigerantsHydrocarbon propellantSolventHousehold aerosol productsPersonal care and homecareDropletsMetal aerosol cansFilled aerosol cansPaints and coatProductChemicalsGassesContainersUsage of aerosolProductsValveBillion by 2025VolatileFoamsConsumptionRoyal DutFreshenersInhalersOzone layerPharmaceutical aerosolGlobalGrowthDemandFormulationsTrue aerosolEmpty aerosol
Hydrocarbons15
  • Hydrocarbons led the market for aerosol propellants,holdingover 80% of the total market sharein terms of volume in 2012.This segment is likely to grow at4.5% CAGR from2013 to 2019. (sbwire.com)
  • The most preferred propellants are liquefied gases, and naturally occurring hydrocarbons, such as propane and butane. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • There are two main types of propellants which include compressed gas propellants (nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide) and the liquefied gas propellants (fluorocarbons, hydrocarbons, and ethers). (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • The global aerosol propellants market was dominated by hydrocarbons including propane, n-butane, and isobutane which accounted for more than 80% of the total market volume in 2012. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Volatile hydrocarbons have been used as harmful propellants replacement as they are considered to be less harmful, however, they show flammable characteristics. (abnewswire.com)
  • Moreover, hydrocarbons are used in two-layer (three phases) aerosol systems owing to its properties of immiscibility in water and density lesser than 1. (gminsights.com)
  • Similarly, liquefied gas propellant is categorized into hydrocarbons, fluorocarbons and ethers. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • It was found that aerosol package compositions containing fluorinated hydrocarbons, a strong Lewis acid, and a hydrogen bonded water source are surprisingly susceptible to corrosion or rust formation of any metal surface within the package, unless a known or otherwise effective rust inhibition means is added to or used in association with the packaged aerosol composition. (epo.org)
  • The market witnessed high substitution of the propellant gasses containing chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) with hydrocarbons, Dimethyl ether (DME) and other advanced products such as Solstice Propellant. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • Hydrocarbons such as ethane, propane , and butane emerged as the favored choice of propellants due to superior characteristics such as better spray quality, higher stability and no interaction with the main product. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • The aerosol propellants industry is dominated by hydrocarbons and development of innovative, eco-friendly aerosol propellants are expected to offer major growth opportunity for industry participants. (blogspot.com)
  • Hydrocarbons including propane, n-butane, and isobutane accounted for over 80% share of the total aerosol propellants market volume in 2012 and are expected to grow at CAGR of 4.5% from 2013 to 2019. (blogspot.com)
  • Hydrocarbons, due to their lower cost and high compatibility with all the other old and new propellants, are widely used in aerosol products. (blogspot.com)
  • common propellants now include propane, butane, and other hydrocarbons. (infoplease.com)
  • Aerosol cans no longer contain ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) but still employ questionable propellants like hydrocarbons and nitrous oxide. (mnn.com)
Sprays21
  • Aerosol propellants are majorly consumed in the manufacturing of personal care products, such as deodorants, antiperspirants, hair mousse, hair sprays, and many other products. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Aerosols are used in a wide range of applications such as dispersal of pesticides, household sprays, medical treatment and combustion technology. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Other applications which include auto care, industrial sprays, food, veterinary, etc. are expected to see a reduced market share due to increasing stringent regulations on the propellants used in aerosol products. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • therefore it is one of the key ingredients in aerosol sprays. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Global Aerosol Propellant Market is expected to witness a steady growth over the forecast period on account of its high increasing usage in aerosol sprays. (express-press-release.net)
  • Rising demand for aerosol products, such as hair sprays, antiperspirants, room fresheners, and deodorants is expected to fuel the growth. (radiantinsights.com)
  • Aerosol propellants are widely used in aerosol sprays that help in the compressed gas escape. (abnewswire.com)
  • Aerosol sprays have been recently used in food industries which provide great opportunities for the market growth. (abnewswire.com)
  • Expanding requirement for the personal care items, for example, deodorants and hair styling sprays is probably going to drive the requirement for different aerosol propellant sorts. (crystalmarketresearch.com)
  • The aerosol propellants are the materials used to propel active ingredients in various physical forms such as sprays, foams, and liquid. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • The aerosol cans provide a superior alternative for dispensing products such as paints, hair sprays, shaving foams, and insect sprays. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • In addition, the aerosol based toxic sprays such as insecticides and bug sprays witnessed high demand as they provided for contact-less product application. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • In 1974, Drs. Frank Sherwood Rowland and Mario J. Molina proposed that chlorofluorocarbons , used as propellants in aerosol sprays, contributed to the depletion of Earth's ozone layer . (wikipedia.org)
  • In gas dusters and freeze sprays , the propellant itself acts as the payload. (wikipedia.org)
  • Key applications industries for aerosol include paints and coatings, household products, and medical to auto care, industrial sprays, food, and veterinary among the others. (blogspot.com)
  • Dimethyl ether offer advantageous properties including chemical stability, low toxicity, high solvency and water miscibility which are used in a variety of aerosol products including paint sprays and hairsprays. (blogspot.com)
  • The global aerosol propellant market size is expected to reach USD 11.04 billion by 2025, as per a new report by Grand View Research Inc. Rising demand for aerosol products, such as hair sprays, antiperspirants, room fresheners, and deodorants is expected to fuel the growth. (westernindiajournal.in)
  • The dispenser commonly consists of a container that holds under pressure the substance to be dispersed (e.g., paints, insecticides, medications, and hair sprays) and a liquefied gas propellant. (infoplease.com)
  • These are sprays that contain propellants and solvents. (rochester.edu)
  • Sniffing highly concentrated amounts of the chemicals in solvents or aerosol sprays can cause heart irregularities and death. (rochester.edu)
  • Any pointers you'd like to share or essential-oil based, non-aerosol sprays you'd like to recommend? (mnn.com)
CFCs6
  • Stringent environmental regulations for limiting the use of CFCs have fueled the demand for aerosol propellants. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Moreover, the phase-out of CFCs and HCFCs and limited availability of conventional hydrocarbon propellants is also providing growth opportunity for new and eco friendly propellants in the market. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were once often used as propellants, but since the Montreal Protocol came into force in 1989, they have been replaced in nearly every country due to the negative effects CFCs have on Earth's ozone layer . (wikipedia.org)
  • In 1978 the US banned most uses of CFCs as aerosol propellants. (csmonitor.com)
  • This product does not contain chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) as the propellant. (rxlist.com)
  • CFC-Free: Federal regulations prohibit the use of CFCs in aerosol products. (giantfoodstores.com)
North America8
  • In the regional market analysis,the report analyzes the aerosol, SPF and aerosol propellantsmarkets of North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World. (sbwire.com)
  • The global aerosol propellant market is segmented into major geographic regions, such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and rest of the world (RoW). (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • North America was the second largest market for aerosol propellants with 30.7% share in total volume consumption in 2012. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Although Europe and North America are leading the global market, for aerosol, the future growth, however, is expected to come from the Asia Pacific market. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • High production of natural gas in Asia-Pacific and North America could boost the demand for aerosol propellants in the years to come. (express-press-release.net)
  • Geographically, the global Aerosol Propellants Market is segmented into Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Central & South America, and Rest of the World. (express-press-release.net)
  • In developed regions like Europe and North America, Aerosol propellant is largely used in various household and personal care applications. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • North America Aerosol Propellant Market was valued at USD 5.53 billion in 2014. (blogspot.com)
Solvents1
  • Both propellants are stable when used alone or with conventional aerosol solvents. (harpintl.com)
Nitrous oxide5
  • In addition, a small volume of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide is also being used as aerosol propellants. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • The use of aerosol propellant gases, such as carbon dioxide & nitrous oxide can increase considerably in the near future. (express-press-release.net)
  • The requirement for aerosol propellant gasses, for example, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide is anticipated to encounter high development by virtue of less harm to the atmosphere combined with higher steadiness. (crystalmarketresearch.com)
  • Compressed gas propellant is further segmented into carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and nitrogen. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • Rising consumption of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide aerosol propellant for dispensing dental creams, food products, ointments and hair preparations will augment growth over the forecast period. (blogspot.com)
Methyl ethyl2
  • Dimethyl ether (DME) and methyl ethyl ether are other important propellants used in the aerosol industry. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • DME and methyl ethyl ether are growing in popularity among aerosol manufacturers as they are eco-friendly and offer potential replacement value for conventional hydrocarbon propellants. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
Butane3
  • The hazards associated with aerosol propellants and flammable and explosive properties of aerosol propellants such as propane or butane are the various factors challenging the growth of propellants market. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Butane and propane are most widely used as aerosol propellants. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • This is particularly true for the inhalants butane, propane, and aerosol chemicals. (rochester.edu)
Spray21
  • The product is the substance you actually use -- the hair spray or insect repellent, for example -- and the propellant is the means of getting the product out of the can. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Shows a man aiming a can of aerosol fly spray at a fly, which tells him to save the ozone layer. (natlib.govt.nz)
  • Aerosol propellants use liquefied or compressed gas to propel active ingredients in liquid, paste, or powder form in precise spray patterns with controlled droplet sizes and amounts. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • An aerosol propellant is a gas under pressure in a can or a container, which is used to spray out the contents present inside when the pressure is released. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • According to Merriam-Webster, a propellant is a gas under pressure in a can that is used to spray out the contents when the pressure is released. (aerosolproducts.org)
  • Paint industry makes extensive aerosol propellants use especially in the spray paints manufacturing. (abnewswire.com)
  • Increasing use of such propellants in personal care, automotive and spray paints is expected to drive the demand for the product. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • The development of Eco-Valve technology by the Spray Research Group at the University of Salford that uses environment-friendly gasses such as Nitrogen is expected to drive the demand for such propellants. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • Aerosol spray is a type of dispensing system which creates an aerosol mist of liquid particles. (wikipedia.org)
  • The aerosol ( A gaseous suspension of fine solid or liquid particles ) spray canister invented by USDA researchers, Lyle Goodhue and William Sullivan. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was not until 1941 that the aerosol spray can was first put to good use by Americans Lyle Goodhue and William Sullivan, who are credited as the inventors of the modern spray can. (wikipedia.org)
  • The "crimp-on valve", used to control the spray in low-pressure aerosols was developed in 1949 by Bronx machine shop proprietor Robert H. Abplanalp . (wikipedia.org)
  • Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) is one of the most predominantly used aerosols. (blogspot.com)
  • Unlike traditional aerosols that release chemical propellants, Air Wick® is propelled only by compressed filtered air to deliver a cleaner premium fragrance experience in a dynamic soft mist spray. (superwarehouse.com)
  • aerosol dispenser, device designed to produce a fine spray of liquid or solid particles that can be suspended in a gas such as the atmosphere. (infoplease.com)
  • When a valve is released, the propellant forces the substance through an atomizer and out of the dispenser in the form of a fine spray. (infoplease.com)
  • These devices are more properly termed spray dispensers rather than aerosol dispensers because the particles of the dispersed substance are usually larger than the particles of a true aerosol (see colloid ), such as a fog or a smoke. (infoplease.com)
  • This product meets AOAC Germicidal Spray Product Test standards for hospital aerosol disinfectants. (cvs.com)
  • As someone who has an olfactory obsession, I've found plenty of ways to freshen my indoor airspace without a fragranced aerosol spray - and I'm not just referring to scented soy candles. (mnn.com)
  • It's Mia Rose's Original Orange Air Therapy a commonly available, biodegradable non-aerosol spray (I got mine at Trader Joe's) that's made from pure essential oils distilled from orange peels. (mnn.com)
  • These chemicals are used in some aerosol spray cans and in refrigerators and air conditioners. (csmonitor.com)
Dimethyl ether5
  • Dimethyl ether contributed for a 7.7% share in total volume consumption in 2012and was considered as the second largest segment of the market for aerosol propellants. (sbwire.com)
  • Other types of aerosol propellants include dimethyl ether (DME), hydrofluorocarbon (HFC), and hydrofluoro-olefin (HFO). (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • However, due to their adverse health and environmental effects, EPA has imposed restrictions on the use of various aerosol propellants, including hydrochlorofluorocarbon and dimethyl ether. (visiongain.com)
  • HARP ® DME (dimethyl ether): flammable, zero ODP medium-high pressure propellant. (harpintl.com)
  • The introduction of Dimethyl ether and Methyl ether as propellant due to superior performance and low risk to environmental health is expected to drive the demand for such propellants over the next nine years. (grandviewresearch.com)
High-pressure propellant gas2
  • The high-pressure propellant gas drives the liquid product up the plastic tube and out through the nozzle. (howstuffworks.com)
  • When a small valve on the canister is depressed, the high-pressure propellant gas forces both the propellant and small droplets of product out through a nozzle. (theengineer.co.uk)
Inhalation Aerosol10
  • Inhalation aerosol: Inhaler containing 108 mcg albuterol sulfate (90 mcg albuterol base) as an aerosol formulation for oral inhalation. (nih.gov)
  • VENTOLIN HFA Inhalation Aerosol is indicated for the treatment or prevention of bronchospasm in patients aged 4 years and older with reversible obstructive airway disease. (nih.gov)
  • Inhalation aerosol: Inhaler containing fluticasone propionate (44, 110, or 220 mcg) as an aerosol formulation for oral inhalation. (nih.gov)
  • The active ingredient of ProAir HFA (albuterol sulfate) Inhalation Aerosol is albuterol sulfate, a racemic salt, of albuterol. (rxlist.com)
  • ProAir HFA Inhalation Aerosol is a pressurized metered-dose aerosol unit with a dose counter. (rxlist.com)
  • PROAIR HFA Inhalation Aerosol is indicated for the prevention of exercise-induced bronchospasm in patients 4 years of age and older. (rxlist.com)
  • The active component of ALVESCO 80 mcg Inhalation Aerosol, and ALVESCO 160 mcg Inhalation Aerosol is ciclesonide, a non-halogenated glucocorticoid having the chemical name pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione, 16,17-[[(R)-cyclohexylmethylene]bis(oxy)]-11-hydroxy-21(2-methyl-1-oxopropoxy)-,(11β,16α). (rxlist.com)
  • ALVESCO 80 mcg Inhalation Aerosol and ALVESCO 160 mcg Inhalation Aerosol are pressurized, metered-dose aerosol units fitted with a dose indicator. (rxlist.com)
  • Prime ALVESCO Inhalation Aerosol before using for the first time by actuating 3 times prior to using the first dose from a new canister or when the inhaler has not been used for more than 10 days. (rxlist.com)
  • The recommended starting dose and the highest recommended dose of ALVESCO Inhalation Aerosol are listed in the following table. (rxlist.com)
Inhaler3
  • Oral inhaler medicines for asthma, pulmonary diseases and influenza are expected to drive the propellants use in the healthcare sector. (abnewswire.com)
  • For one variety of beclomethasone inhaler, this redesign resulted in considerably smaller aerosol particles being produced, and led to an increase of potency by a factor of 2.6. (wikipedia.org)
  • When you puff on the inhaler, nicotine aerosol is inhaled and absorbed in the mouth's lining. (wikipedia.org)
Outstanding propellant formulations1
  • The global Aerosol Propellants market was worth USD 16.65 billion in the year of 2012 and is expected to reach approximately USD 26.79 billion by 2022, while registering itself at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 4.37% during the forecast period, owing to the growth of outstanding propellant formulations with enhanced item dispensing abilities. (crystalmarketresearch.com)
Forecast7
  • The development of high-quality propellant formulations with enhanced product dispensing capacities can drive this industry during the forecast period (2016-2024). (express-press-release.net)
  • The global aerosol propellant market size is expected to reach USD 11.04 billion by 2025, as per a new report by Grand View Research Inc. It is anticipated to expand at a CAGR of 5.2% during the forecast period. (radiantinsights.com)
  • Europe led the market in the previous years and is expected to grow considerably in near future due to the presence of robust cosmetics manufacturing base in France, Germany, Spain, and U.K. Nonetheless, restricted use of CFC, HCFC, and HFC is expected to limit the demand for aerosol propellants over the forecast period. (radiantinsights.com)
  • Rising consumption of paints in construction and automotive sectors will drive aerosol propellant demand from 2015 to 2022 (forecast period). (abnewswire.com)
  • Prophecy Market Insights offers the latest published report on Aerosol Propellant market analysis and forecast 2019-2029. (heraldkeeper.com)
  • Aerosol Propellants Market Anticipated to Expand at a CAGR of 5.2% during the Forecast Period: Grand View Research, Inc. (westernindiajournal.in)
  • Global Aerosol Cans Market is estimated to grow from its initial estimated value of USD 9.89 billion in 2018 to an estimated value of USD 13.28 by 2026, registering a CAGR of 3.75% in the forecast period of 2019-2026. (openpr.com)
Chlorofluorocarbons5
  • Chlorofluorocarbons held a 0.3% share in total volume consumption,the same year.They are likely to experience a decline in their overall aerosol, SPF, and aerosol propellantsmarket share in thenear future, thanks to increasing environmental regulationsrestricting their usage. (sbwire.com)
  • Chlorofluorocarbons were the most widely used propellants but impact the ozone layer. (abnewswire.com)
  • It is increasingly used as an aerosol propellant and a refrigerant, replacing chlorofluorocarbons in an effort to reduce damage to the ozone layer. (wikipedia.org)
  • The replacement of chlorofluorocarbons propellants with hydrofluoroalkanes (HFA) resulted in the redesign of metered-dose inhalers in the 1990s. (wikipedia.org)
  • That is why foreign aerosol products still use chlorofluorocarbons. (csmonitor.com)
Particles5
  • Outside the can, the droplets of propellant evaporate rapidly, leaving the payload suspended as very fine particles or droplets. (wikipedia.org)
  • Breakup of the volatile propellant into droplets, followed by rapid evaporation of these droplets, results in the generation of an aerosol consisting of micrometer-sized medication particles that are then inhaled. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aerosols are fine particles suspended in the atmosphere. (environmental-expert.com)
  • The impact that human-generated and natural atmospheric particles (aerosols) could be having on Australia's climate will be discussed next week in Canberra at a workshop involving some of the world's leading experts in the area. (environmental-expert.com)
  • Aerosol cans are a type of packaging product that involves the usage of propellants with the mixture of products or contents of the packaging such as deodorants, coatings, paints that create a suspension of mixture and thus giving rise to aerosol particles in the packaging product. (openpr.com)
Flammable2
  • Flammable products must be handled with care to avoid aerosol burn injuries. (abnewswire.com)
  • Aerosol propellant can be flammable. (mass.gov)
Adoption of aerosol propellants2
  • Due to the increasing demand for skin care, hair care, antiperspirants, etc. products in numerous personal care applications, there is increasing adoption of aerosol propellants. (visiongain.com)
  • Owing to the rising demand in numerous personal care applications including skincare, hair care, antiperspirants, deodorants, etc., there is an increasing adoption of aerosol propellants. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
Antiperspirants3
  • Propellants are used in the manufacture of products, such as shaving creams, hair mousse, air fresheners, and deodorants/antiperspirants, as well as in automobile, industrial & technical, and other miscellaneous products. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Global Aerosol Propellants Market size exceeded USD 22,820 million in 2020 and is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 6.3% between 2021 and 2027 owing to increasing product demand for its application in personal care products such as deodorants and antiperspirants. (gminsights.com)
  • The aerosol package compositions are preferably anhydrous aerosol antiperspirants which comprise an antiperspirant active, a fluorinated hydrocarbon propellant such as 1,1-difluroethane, and a rust inhibition means, wherein the antiperspirant active acts as a Lewis acid and contains hydrogen bonded water. (epo.org)
Segment5
  • The other hydrocarbon type segment is one of the most significant types in the aerosol propellant market. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Among the applications, the personal care segment holds the largest share in the aerosol propellant market. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Household is projected to be the fastest-growing application segment of the aerosol propellant market between 2015 and 2020. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Crown holding provides packaging solutions through aerosol containers for food industry segment. (abnewswire.com)
  • Personal care is the largest application segment as the demand of aerosol propellants in deodorant, skin care and hair care products is very high. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
Refrigerants2
  • The same team that so successfully fought the leaded gasoline battle of the 1920´s, Charles Franklin Kettering , director of General Motors research, Thomas Midgley , his assistant, originator of the idea to use tetraethyl lead as an antiknocking agent, and their "toxicologist" Robert Kehoe , created another, not less important issue in the 1930´s: fluorocarbons used as refrigerants, propellants and fire extinguishers. (fluoride-history.de)
  • It is used to make refrigerants, aerosol propellants, and pharmaceuticals. (dictionary.com)
Hydrocarbon propellant2
  • and from about 3% to about 15% of a hydrocarbon propellant having a vapor pressure of from about 3 psig to about 15 psig. (google.com)
  • The aerosol personal cleansing compositions of the present invention contain a lipophilic skin moisturizing agent, a surfactant, a stabilizer, water, and a hydrocarbon propellant with a low vapor pressure. (google.com)
Solvent2
  • Solvent and propellant pre-filled aerosols to be filled with your own coating. (mobacc.com)
  • Solvent-Base Propellant-Free Marking Paint, Fluorescent Red, 10.5 oz. (grainger.com)
Household aerosol products2
  • In 2012, household aerosol products heldmore than 50% of the overall market foraerosol, SPF, and aerosol propellants market. (sbwire.com)
  • In 2012, household aerosol products accounted for more than 50% of the market share and are expected to maintain dominance in the future as well. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
Personal care and homecare2
  • They manufacture and supply propellants to the personal care and homecare product manufacturing companies, such as Unilever, Reckitt Benckiser, and other personal care & homecare product manufacturing companies. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • The market is driven by growth in the usage of aerosol propellants in personal care and homecare products, use of eco-friendly aerosol propellants in industrial and technical products, increase in the disposable income of consumers, and technological advancements in the field of aerosols. (marketsandmarkets.com)
Droplets4
  • To see if such materials would produce droplets of sufficient quantity when used in conjunction with an impact aerosol technique, we conducted a series of experiments, firing jets of water at a number of different surfaces and observing the results,' said Biddle. (theengineer.co.uk)
  • At some point, the leading edge of the corona then broke up into uniformly sized droplets a valuable feature for any potential uses of the technique in an aerosol. (theengineer.co.uk)
  • Early experiments showed that it was possible to create an aerosol of droplets of around 20-30μm with a waterjet pressurised to as little as 1 bar. (theengineer.co.uk)
  • Personal care products with aerosols provides micro-size droplets which easily settle on covering a wide area with a quick hit of fragrance owing to which it is widely used in deodorants owing to its use in deodorants for dispensing the deodorant liquid from the container aerosol for its application on body surface. (gminsights.com)
Metal aerosol cans1
  • Expanding utilization of the metal aerosol cans because of the requirement for health and cleanliness related items, for example, air fresheners and insect repellants is relied upon to prompt an expanded interest for aerosol propellants. (crystalmarketresearch.com)
Filled aerosol cans1
  • Our AeroCan° family of Micro Leak Detection Systems for filled aerosol cans offers a very economical and practical solution to achieve immediate production savings and improve safety and quality by eliminating bubble detectors and water bath operators. (environmental-expert.com)
Paints and coat4
  • In the application market analysis, the report provides insights into the various application segments of the aerosol, SPF, and aerosol propellants market such as medical, paints and coatings, households, and others. (sbwire.com)
  • Paints and coatings,and healthcare are opportunity-rich markets for aerosol, SPF, and aerosol propellants. (sbwire.com)
  • Increase in consumption of aerosol propellants in paints and coatings, medical and household applications are fueling the demand for aerosol propellants. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Strong demand from paints and coatings industry is expected to trigger growth of SPF and overall aerosol industry in the years to come. (blogspot.com)
Product17
  • An aerosol can contains one fluid that boils well below room temperature (called the propellant ) and one that boils at a much higher temperature (called the product ). (howstuffworks.com)
  • In the simpler design, you pour in the liquid product, seal the can, and then pump a gaseous propellant through the valve system. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Aerosol Propellants Market is segmented on the basis of Product, Application, and regional breakdown. (visiongain.com)
  • The aerosol, SPF, and aerosol propellants marketstudy report includes product market analysis, application market analysis, and regional market analysis. (sbwire.com)
  • CSPA's " Aerosol Propellants: Considerations for Effective Handling in the Aerosol Plant and Laboratory " (better known as the Aerosol Propellants Safety Manual) is the basic safety manual needed by all aerosol product manufacturers and laboratories. (cspa.org)
  • The steady growth in the aerosol industry supported by frequent new product launches has remained the major driving factor for this market. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • The low vapor pressure propellant also gives the product the appearance of a lotion product. (google.com)
  • Aerosol Propellants Market Size, Share and Industry Analysis Report By Product (DME & Methyl Ethyl E. (gminsights.com)
  • Increasing adoption of aerosol-based products in various end-use industries including cosmetics, pharmaceutical and personal care should drive product demand. (gminsights.com)
  • Increasing product demand from pharmaceutical industries for manufacturing topical pharmaceutical products and inhalers should augment the aerosol propellants market share during the forecasted time span. (gminsights.com)
  • To help our customers meet the drive towards non-chlorofluorocarbon delivery systems, global formulations, higher levels of product performance and the rationalisation of supplier bases Harp International Limited offers a 'basket' of propellants. (harpintl.com)
  • Another distinct characteristic of the market is the high importance and emphasis laid on the research and development activities to formulate new and advanced products, so as to heighten the affinity of the FMCG companies towards the use of aerosol media for storing and dispensing the product. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • This information is aimed primarily at manufacturers who wish to market a harmonised aerosol product in both countries. (apvma.gov.au)
  • For the purposes of this document, an aerosol is an 'agricultural chemical product' (Australian definition) or a 'pesticide product' (New Zealand definition) that comprises an active constituent and a liquefied or compressed gas as a propellant, in a container with a suitable valve. (apvma.gov.au)
  • This information should be read together with the label layout and presentation requirements, which also apply to aerosol product labelling. (apvma.gov.au)
  • The product and propellant are finely measured so that both are exhausted at the same time during usage. (mass.gov)
  • Especially for setting of low mass flows with very high reproducibility Topas launched the Aerosol Generators ATM 221 and ATM 231 as an extension of the very successful product range ATM. (environmental-expert.com)
Chemicals2
  • Harp International Limited offers a range of speciality chemicals for use in the refrigeration , air conditioning , aerosol and foam blowing industries. (harpintl.com)
  • This successive downgrading of what some scientists had called a significant danger suggests that the United States acted more out of fear than foresight in banning the suspect chemicals from use as aerosol propellants. (csmonitor.com)
Gasses3
  • This resulted in an increased demand for aerosol propellant gasses used in aerosol cans. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • The use of such aerosol propellant gasses leads to an increased demand for aerosol based products as they did not lead to any significant damage to the environment. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • The aerosol propellants market growth is primarily dependent on the availability of raw materials such as natural gas and crude oil, with the prices of such gasses changing in accordance to the price of the raw materials. (usfinancialnewstoday.com)
Containers1
  • If aerosol containers are acceptable in your local recycling program, remove plastic lid and place with recyclables. (mass.gov)
Usage of aerosol1
  • This rise in market value can be attributed to the growth of the personal care and automotive industry which employs the usage of aerosol cans majorly. (openpr.com)
Products31
  • Aerosol products utilize hydrocarbonsextensively. (sbwire.com)
  • The Chinese market presents enormous scope for aerosol products with soaring potential for growth in the Asia Pacific market for aerosol, SPF, and aerosol propellants. (sbwire.com)
  • Conventional aerosol cans contain both a propellant and any number of products such as a deodorant or insect repellent. (theengineer.co.uk)
  • Development and launch of eco-friendly products can enable manufacturers to capitalize on the growing demand for greener aerosol propellants. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • The Chinese market is the most attractive market for aerosol products with high growth potential in Asia Pacific. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • In addition, widespread adoption of various aerosol-based personal care and household products could also positively influence the market. (express-press-release.net)
  • The global Aerosol Propellants Market is categorized as products, applications, and regions. (express-press-release.net)
  • One of the key factors driving the global Aerosol Propellants Market is the widespread adoption of personal care products worldwide. (express-press-release.net)
  • Also, the growth of aerosol propellants is likely to be driven by the growing adoption of aerosol in cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and personal care products. (visiongain.com)
  • Good examples of common, everyday products that use propellants are aerosol products. (aerosolproducts.org)
  • The overall market size in 2015 was approximately 10 million tons and the industry is expected to grow at a CAGR of around 4% from 2016 to 2024.However, environmental and health hazards linked with the use of propellants in aerosol products could inhibit growth. (abnewswire.com)
  • Increasing demand for automotive cleaning and refreshing products such as car air fresheners owing to rising awareness about vehicle maintenance is anticipated to accelerate the aerosol propellants market growth in the projected time period. (gminsights.com)
  • Hydrocarbon is widely used in topical pharmaceutical aerosol products for ease in surface application. (gminsights.com)
  • The optimum propellant may be a custom blend ot two or more HARP ® products. (harpintl.com)
  • Mobacc Group, consisting of Mobacc, Eurofill and Rust Control International, is one of the leading players in the European aerosol industry, developing and filling technical aerosol products, rust-resistant coatings, lubricants and paint. (mobacc.com)
  • The demand for aerosol propellants is expected to grow in the wake of high consumption of aerosol based products. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • The demand for aerosol propellants witnessed an increase on account of increasing demand for personal care and household products. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • This resulted in an increased emphasis on the research and development of advanced products that could be used as propellants. (grandviewresearch.com)
  • Two of the three companies, Chase Products Company and Claire Manufacturing, still manufacture aerosols to this day. (wikipedia.org)
  • Increasing consumer awareness towards personal health and hygiene and their growing demand for different products are the major factors which are driving the global market of aerosol. (blogspot.com)
  • However, various environmental and health risks associated with the use of propellants in aerosol products are expected to be a restraining factor for the market. (blogspot.com)
  • Asia Pacific is expected to be the fastest growing region over the next six years, due to rising consumer income, increasing awareness, changing lifestyles and increasing demand for aerosol products. (blogspot.com)
  • The global Aerosol Propellant Market is expected to reach USD 27.09 billion by 2022, according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. Increasing demand for aerosol in personal care products, mainly cosmetics, is expected to drive market growth. (blogspot.com)
  • Demand for aerosol propellants in household products accounted for over 30% of global volume in 2014 and is anticipated to witness substantial growth on account of increasing consumption for air fresheners and insect repellents. (blogspot.com)
  • This information advises manufacturers of aerosol insecticide products about the harmonised aerosol labelling requirements of both the Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines Group (ACVM, New Zealand) and the Australian Pesticides and Veterinary Medicines Authority (APVMA, Australia). (apvma.gov.au)
  • However, it can also be used for the labelling requirements for aerosol products marketed in only one of the two countries. (apvma.gov.au)
  • The harmonised labelling requirements for aerosol products are aimed at satisfying the Australia - New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement. (apvma.gov.au)
  • Aerosol products generally contain at least two panels: a main panel (which is the most prominent) and ancillary panels. (apvma.gov.au)
  • Global Aerosol Propellants Market size is expected to reach USD 11.28 billion by 2025 , according to a new report by Grand View Research, Inc. The market is expected to grow owing to increasing adoption of the aerosol based household and personal care products primarily in the developing economies including China, India, Indonesia, and Thailand. (usfinancialnewstoday.com)
  • High demand for environment-friendly propellants coupled with the low price of the products leads to a high usage. (usfinancialnewstoday.com)
  • We're using propellants and aerosol cans for hairspray and other products. (deseretnews.com)
Valve4
  • The plastic head on an aerosol can pushes down on a small valve, allowing the pressurized contents of the can to flow to the outside. (howstuffworks.com)
  • Aerosol propellants are compressed gases in a container that are released on pressure and expansion through valve which carries another substance present in the container and releases in the air. (gminsights.com)
  • When the container's valve is opened, the payload is forced out of a small hole and emerges as an aerosol or mist. (wikipedia.org)
  • At that time MDIs represented a convergence of two relatively new technologies, the CFC propellant and the Meshburg metering valve which was originally designed for dispensing perfume. (wikipedia.org)
Billion by 20251
  • According to report published by Grand View Research, Global Aerosol Propellants Market size is expected to reach USD 11.28 billion by 2025. (usfinancialnewstoday.com)
Volatile2
  • Aerosol propellants must meet strict VOC (volatile organic compound) regulations as outlined by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Department of Transportation (DOT), and other government agencies. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • And unsurprisingly, air fresheners of all varieties, not just ones in aerosol cans, contain those nefarious volatile organic compounds (VOCs), a source of health woes and ground-level ozone. (mnn.com)
Foams1
  • Propellants are used as components in aerosol cans or as foaming agents for foams and foods. (evonik.com)
Consumption3
  • The European market is estimated to bring in around 35.7% share of total volume consumption of aerosol, SPF, and aerosol propellants industry in 2019. (sbwire.com)
  • Europe is expected to remain the leading market for aerosol propellants in terms of demand and is expected to command 35.7% of total volume consumption in 2019. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • With over 37% share in total volume consumption in 2012, Europe was the leading regional market for aerosol propellants and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.0% from 2013 to 2019. (blogspot.com)
Royal Dut2
  • Key participants in the global aerosol propellant market include Royal Dutch Shell Plc. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • Aeropres Corporation, Bayer Material Science AG, Honeywell International Inc., Lapolla Industries Inc., National Gas Company S.A.O.G, Arkema S.A., Shanghai Cal Custom Manufacturing & Aerosol Propellants Co. Ltd., and Royal Dutch Shell plc. (heraldkeeper.com)
Fresheners2
  • This week, I'm examining purge-worthy aerosol air fresheners since, after all, cleaning and freshening do go hand-in-hand. (mnn.com)
  • So why am I picking specifically on aerosol air fresheners (don't even get me started on those plug-in things)? (mnn.com)
Inhalers1
  • Nicotine inhalers that are marketed as nicotine replacement therapy should not be confused with electronic cigarettes, which produce an aerosol, usually from a tobacco extract, using a heating coil, while nicotine inhalers produce a noncombusted nicotine aerosol. (wikipedia.org)
Ozone layer3
  • The usage of propellants have now been closely monitored by government and environmental agencies as propellants, such as CFC, HCFC, and HFC, harm the ozone layer. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • For instance, The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has allowed hydrocarbon aerosol propellants to be used because of their zero risks of depletion of the ozone layer. (visiongain.com)
  • For example, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has permitted the use of hydrocarbon aerosol propellants considering its zero risk toward ozone layer depletion. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
Pharmaceutical aerosol1
  • The present review deals with the excipients and constituents used in a pharmaceutical aerosol system as per target delivery. (eurekaselect.com)
Global15
  • Aerosol Propellant: The global aerosol propellant market was valued at USD 5.70 Billion in 2014 and is expected to reach USD 8.16 Billion by 2020, at a CAGR of 6.17% from 2015 to 2020. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • The aerosol propellant market in Europe accounted for the largest share of 37.22%, by volume, of the global aerosol propellant market in 2014. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • It accounted for a share of 63.88% of the global aerosol propellant market in 2014. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • The global market for aerosol is expected to reach more than USD 65 billion by the end of 2018, growing at a CAGR of 4.0% from 2013 to 2019. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Increasing consumer awareness towards personal health and hygiene and the growth of the global aerosol market ensures continuous growth of the global propellants market. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Steady and consistent demand from the aerosol industry is expected to be a major growth engine for the global aerosol propellants market. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Prominent companies operating in the global aerosol propellant market are Honeywell International Inc. (express-press-release.net)
  • The global aerosol propellant market growth is attributed to growing disposable income, rapid urbanization & changing lifestyle in developed and developing countries. (visiongain.com)
  • It is anticipated that this will restrict the growth of the global market for aerosol propellants. (visiongain.com)
  • This is expected to restrain the global aerosol propellants market. (alliedmarketresearch.com)
  • The report defines, describes, and focuses on key global Aerosol Propellant market players. (heraldkeeper.com)
  • Key players operating in the global aerosol propellant market includes AkzoNobel NV, AVEFLOR, a.s. (heraldkeeper.com)
  • One of the major factors driving the demand for propellants is the steady growth of the global aerosol market. (blogspot.com)
  • The global aerosol propellants market was highly fragmented and consists of a large number of small and medium scale manufacturers. (blogspot.com)
  • Global Aerosol Propellant Market demand was 9,521.5 kilo tons in 2014 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 4.5% from 2015 to 2022. (blogspot.com)
Growth11
  • Currently the aerosol market in Asia Pacific is growing at a sluggish rate but is expected to show promising growth trends in the near future. (transparencymarketresearch.com)
  • Growth of the Aerosol Propellants Market depends greatly on the availability of raw materials, such as crude oil and natural gas. (express-press-release.net)
  • Also, due to the increasing usage of anti-aging cosmetics containing aerosol propellants, an increasingly aging population is expected to boost the market growth. (visiongain.com)
  • Emerging economies, such as India and China, are expected to be inclined to promote favorable investment to create growth opportunities for the market for aerosol propellants. (visiongain.com)
  • Therefore, the growth of aerosol propellants is being challenged by various health & environmental risks associated with it. (visiongain.com)
  • Also, the presence of key market players is contributing to the growth of the North American aerosol propellants market. (visiongain.com)
  • Increasing consumer inclination towards skin care is driving demand for cleansers and refreshing body mists which should accelerate aerosol propellants market growth in the projected time period. (gminsights.com)
  • Regional analysis provides sales growth based on different regional and country-level Aerosol Propellant markets. (heraldkeeper.com)
  • U.S. EPA support for utilization of hydrocarbon propellants as they have zero ozone depletion potential and less atmospheric residence time, is expected to drive growth. (blogspot.com)
  • Aerosol Propellant Market Is Anticipated To Witness Substantial Growth Owing To Increasing Technological Developments Till 2025: Grand View Research, Inc. (usfinancialnewstoday.com)
  • Increasing technological initiatives leading to the production of advanced cans with the superior aesthetic appeal is expected to lead to a growth in demand for such cans, leading to a growing demand for propellants. (usfinancialnewstoday.com)
Demand8
  • Europe is the dominant market for aerosol propellants in terms of demand and is likely to maintain its leadership in coming years. (sbwire.com)
  • Moreover, rising technological developments resulting in the production of superior propellant combinations may stimulate market demand. (express-press-release.net)
  • The growing skincare industry is also driving demand for aerosol propellants in emerging economies. (visiongain.com)
  • Also, growing construction and automotive sectors are expected to drive demand for aerosol propellants in Asia Pacific's emerging economies, such as India, China, and Malaysia. (visiongain.com)
  • The market will grow lucratively due to mounting demand for aerosol in several applications. (abnewswire.com)
  • Additionally, rising technological advancements that result in the production of improved propellant compounds is foreseen to boost the demand of the item in the upcoming years. (crystalmarketresearch.com)
  • Likewise, developing urbanization combined with developing infrastructural advancement, essentially in UAE, China and India is relied upon to propel the demand for these cans, prompting the development of the aerosol propellant market. (crystalmarketresearch.com)
  • Developing scope of application of previously mentioned items in construction, automotive and manufacturing sectors is relied upon to fuel aerosol propellants demand throughout the following years. (crystalmarketresearch.com)
Formulations3
  • and Aerosol Gas Ltd. These manufacturers invest considerably in research & development (R&D) of superior propellant formulations. (express-press-release.net)
  • Major manufacturers in the domain resort to high expenditures for research and development of advanced propellant formulations in a bid to increase their market share. (usfinancialnewstoday.com)
  • The American College of Chest Physicians (ACCP) and the American College of Asthma, Allergy, and Immunology (ACAAI) have released evidence-based recommendations to guide physicians in choosing aerosol devices and drug formulations for patients with pulmonary disease. (aafp.org)
True aerosol1
  • Kahn's idea was to mix cream and a propellant from two sources to make whipped cream at home - not a true aerosol in that sense. (wikipedia.org)
Empty aerosol2
  • The empty aerosol container can then be recycled or disposed. (mass.gov)
  • And here's something to consider before you say adios to that half-empty aerosol air freshener: the improper disposal of non-empty aerosol cans is illegal in many states since the contents are considered as hazardous waste. (mnn.com)
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Aerosol Propellants Market- Global Industry Analysis and Forecast 2013-2019
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Safely Manage Hazardous Household Products | Mass.gov (mass.gov)
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The spring purge: Aerosol air fresheners | MNN - Mother Nature Network (mnn.com)
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