AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth Care
AequorinScyphozoaLuminescent MeasurementsFerretsCalciumArachnidaLuminescenceLuminescent ProteinsCnidariaThoracicaPapillary MusclesCarnivoraApoproteinsBupranololLuminescent AgentsCaffeineStrophanthidinPyrazinesFirefly LuciferinArsenazo IIIEgtazic AcidMyocardial ContractionRyanodineMycorrhizaeSymbiosisFungiGlomeromycotaCell-Penetrating PeptidesDaucus carotaPlant RootsLaboratories, DentalDental TechniciansBiologyTechnology, DentalOral MedicineLaboratoriesDatabases, ChemicalLuciferasesAdenosine TriphosphateTherapies, InvestigationalCystic FibrosisBronchiType C PhospholipasesEpithelial CellsLungAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalWolfram SyndromeInositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate ReceptorsEndoplasmic ReticulumMitochondriaLipid BilayersChromosomes, Human, Pair 4Zinostatin
Aequorin
A photoprotein isolated from the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea. It emits visible light by an intramolecular reaction when a trace amount of calcium ion is added. The light-emitting moiety in the bioluminescence reaction is believed to be 2-amino-3-benzyl-5-(p-hydroxyphenyl)pyrazine (AF-350).
Scyphozoa
The class of true jellyfish, in the phylum CNIDARIA. They are mostly free-swimming marine organisms that go through five stages in their life cycle and exhibit two body forms: polyp and medusa.
Luminescent Measurements
Techniques used for determining the values of photometric parameters of light resulting from LUMINESCENCE.
Ferrets
Semidomesticated variety of European polecat much used for hunting RODENTS and/or RABBITS and as a laboratory animal. It is in the subfamily Mustelinae, family MUSTELIDAE.
Calcium
A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.
Arachnida
A class of Arthropoda that includes SPIDERS; TICKS; MITES; and SCORPIONS.
Luminescence
Emission of LIGHT when ELECTRONS return to the electronic ground state from an excited state and lose the energy as PHOTONS. It is sometimes called cool light in contrast to INCANDESCENCE. LUMINESCENT MEASUREMENTS take advantage of this type of light emitted from LUMINESCENT AGENTS.
Luminescent Proteins
Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.
Cnidaria
A phylum of radially symmetrical invertebrates characterized by possession of stinging cells called nematocysts. It includes the classes ANTHOZOA; CUBOZOA; HYDROZOA, and SCYPHOZOA. Members carry CNIDARIAN VENOMS.
Thoracica
A superorder of marine CRUSTACEA, free swimming in the larval state, but permanently fixed as adults. There are some 800 described species, grouped in several genera, and comprising of two major orders of barnacles: stalked (Pedunculata) and sessile (Sessilia).
Papillary Muscles
Conical muscular projections from the walls of the cardiac ventricles, attached to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves by the chordae tendineae.
Carnivora
An order of MAMMALS, usually flesh eaters with appropriate dentition. Suborders include the terrestrial carnivores Fissipedia, and the aquatic carnivores PINNIPEDIA.
Apoproteins
The protein components of a number of complexes, such as enzymes (APOENZYMES), ferritin (APOFERRITINS), or lipoproteins (APOLIPOPROTEINS).
Bupranolol
An adrenergic-beta-2 antagonist that has been used for cardiac arrhythmia, angina pectoris, hypertension, glaucoma, and as an antithrombotic.
Luminescent Agents
Compound such as LUMINESCENT PROTEINS that cause or emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE).
Caffeine
A methylxanthine naturally occurring in some beverages and also used as a pharmacological agent. Caffeine's most notable pharmacological effect is as a central nervous system stimulant, increasing alertness and producing agitation. It also relaxes SMOOTH MUSCLE, stimulates CARDIAC MUSCLE, stimulates DIURESIS, and appears to be useful in the treatment of some types of headache. Several cellular actions of caffeine have been observed, but it is not entirely clear how each contributes to its pharmacological profile. Among the most important are inhibition of cyclic nucleotide PHOSPHODIESTERASES, antagonism of ADENOSINE RECEPTORS, and modulation of intracellular calcium handling.
Strophanthidin
3 beta,5,14-Trihydroxy-19-oxo-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. The aglycone cardioactive agent isolated from Strophanthus Kombe, S. gratus and other species; it is a very toxic material formerly used as digitalis. Synonyms: Apocymarin; Corchorin; Cynotoxin; Corchorgenin.
Pyrazines
Firefly Luciferin
A benzothaizole which is oxidized by LUCIFERASES, FIREFLY to cause emission of light (LUMINESCENCE).
Arsenazo III
Metallochrome indicator that changes color when complexed to the calcium ion under physiological conditions. It is used to measure local calcium ion concentrations in vivo.
Egtazic Acid
A chelating agent relatively more specific for calcium and less toxic than EDETIC ACID.
Myocardial Contraction
Contractile activity of the MYOCARDIUM.
Ryanodine
A methylpyrrole-carboxylate from RYANIA that disrupts the RYANODINE RECEPTOR CALCIUM RELEASE CHANNEL to modify CALCIUM release from SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM resulting in alteration of MUSCLE CONTRACTION. It was previously used in INSECTICIDES. It is used experimentally in conjunction with THAPSIGARGIN and other inhibitors of CALCIUM ATPASE uptake of calcium into SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM.
Mycorrhizae
Symbiotic combination (dual organism) of the MYCELIUM of FUNGI with the roots of plants (PLANT ROOTS). The roots of almost all higher plants exhibit this mutually beneficial relationship, whereby the fungus supplies water and mineral salts to the plant, and the plant supplies CARBOHYDRATES to the fungus. There are two major types of mycorrhizae: ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae.
Symbiosis
The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.
Fungi
A kingdom of eukaryotic, heterotrophic organisms that live parasitically as saprobes, including MUSHROOMS; YEASTS; smuts, molds, etc. They reproduce either sexually or asexually, and have life cycles that range from simple to complex. Filamentous fungi, commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies.
Glomeromycota
A phylum of fungi that are mutualistic symbionts and form ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE with PLANT ROOTS.
Cell-Penetrating Peptides
Peptides that have the ability to enter cells by crossing the plasma membrane directly, or through uptake by the endocytotic pathway.
Daucus carota
A plant species of the family APIACEAE that is widely cultivated for the edible yellow-orange root. The plant has finely divided leaves and flat clusters of small white flowers.
Plant Roots
The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)
Laboratories, Dental
Facilities for the performance of services related to dental treatment but not done directly in the patient's mouth.
Dental Technicians
Individuals responsible for fabrication of dental appliances.
Biology
One of the BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE DISCIPLINES concerned with the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of animals, plants, and microorganisms.
Technology, Dental
The field of dentistry involved in procedures for designing and constructing dental appliances. It includes also the application of any technology to the field of dentistry.
Oral Medicine
A branch of dentistry dealing with diseases of the oral and paraoral structures and the oral management of systemic diseases. (Hall, What is Oral Medicine, Anyway? Clinical Update: National Naval Dental Center, March 1991, p7-8)
Laboratories
Facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures.
Databases, Chemical
Databases devoted to knowledge about specific chemicals.
Luciferases
Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.
Adenosine Triphosphate
An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
Therapies, Investigational
Treatments which are undergoing clinical trials or for which there is insufficient evidence to determine their effects on health outcomes; coverage for such treatments is often denied by health insurers.
Cystic Fibrosis
An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.
Bronchi
The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.
Type C Phospholipases
A subclass of phospholipases that hydrolyze the phosphoester bond found in the third position of GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS. Although the singular term phospholipase C specifically refers to an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (EC 3.1.4.3), it is commonly used in the literature to refer to broad variety of enzymes that specifically catalyze the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS.
Epithelial Cells
Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.
Lung
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal
Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.
Wolfram Syndrome
A hereditary condition characterized by multiple symptoms including those of DIABETES INSIPIDUS; DIABETES MELLITUS; OPTIC ATROPHY; and DEAFNESS. This syndrome is also known as DIDMOAD (first letter of each word) and is usually associated with VASOPRESSIN deficiency. It is caused by mutations in gene WFS1 encoding wolframin, a 100-kDa transmembrane protein.
Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors
Intracellular receptors that bind to INOSITOL 1,4,5-TRISPHOSPHATE and play an important role in its intracellular signaling. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors are calcium channels that release CALCIUM in response to increased levels of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate in the CYTOPLASM.
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A system of cisternae in the CYTOPLASM of many cells. In places the endoplasmic reticulum is continuous with the plasma membrane (CELL MEMBRANE) or outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. If the outer surfaces of the endoplasmic reticulum membranes are coated with ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum is said to be rough-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, ROUGH); otherwise it is said to be smooth-surfaced (ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM, SMOOTH). (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Mitochondria
Semiautonomous, self-reproducing organelles that occur in the cytoplasm of all cells of most, but not all, eukaryotes. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by a double limiting membrane. The inner membrane is highly invaginated, and its projections are called cristae. Mitochondria are the sites of the reactions of oxidative phosphorylation, which result in the formation of ATP. They contain distinctive RIBOSOMES, transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER); AMINO ACYL T RNA SYNTHETASES; and elongation and termination factors. Mitochondria depend upon genes within the nucleus of the cells in which they reside for many essential messenger RNAs (RNA, MESSENGER). Mitochondria are believed to have arisen from aerobic bacteria that established a symbiotic relationship with primitive protoeukaryotes. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Lipid Bilayers
Layers of lipid molecules which are two molecules thick. Bilayer systems are frequently studied as models of biological membranes.
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 4
A specific pair of GROUP B CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.
Zinostatin
An enediyne that alkylates DNA and RNA like MITOMYCIN does, so it is cytotoxic.

Intracellular trafficking pathways in the assembly of connexins into gap junctions. (1/417)

Trafficking pathways underlying the assembly of connexins into gap junctions were examined using living COS-7 cells expressing a range of connexin-aequorin (Cx-Aeq) chimeras. By measuring the chemiluminescence of the aequorin fusion partner, the translocation of oligomerized connexins from intracellular stores to the plasma membrane was shown to occur at different rates that depended on the connexin isoform. Treatment of COS-7 cells expressing Cx32-Aeq and Cx43-Aeq with brefeldin A inhibited the movement of these chimera to the plasma membrane by 84 +/- 4 and 88 +/- 4%, respectively. Nocodazole treatment of the cells expressing Cx32-Aeq and Cx43-Aeq produced 29 +/- 16 and 4 +/- 7% inhibition, respectively. In contrast, the transport of Cx26 to the plasma membrane, studied using a construct (Cx26/43T-Aeq) in which the short cytoplasmic carboxyl-terminal tail of Cx26 was replaced with the extended carboxyl terminus of Cx43, was inhibited 89 +/- 5% by nocodazole and was minimally affected by exposure of cells to brefeldin A (17 +/-11%). The transfer of Lucifer yellow across gap junctions between cells expressing wild-type Cx32, Cx43, and the corresponding Cx32-Aeq and Cx43-Aeq chimeras was reduced by nocodazole treatment and abolished by brefeldin A treatment. However, the extent of dye coupling between cells expressing wild-type Cx26 or the Cx26/43T-Aeq chimeras was not significantly affected by brefeldin A treatment, but after nocodazole treatment, transfer of dye to neighboring cells was greatly reduced. These contrasting effects of brefeldin A and nocodazole on the trafficking properties and intercellular dye transfer are interpreted to suggest that two pathways contribute to the routing of connexins to the gap junction.  (+info)

Reactive oxygen metabolites increase mitochondrial calcium in endothelial cells: implication of the Ca2+/Na+ exchanger. (2/417)

In endothelial cells, a bolus of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or oxygen metabolites generated by hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (HX-XO) increased the mitochondrial calcium concentration [Ca2+]m. Both agents caused a biphasic increase in [Ca2+]m which was preceded by a rise in cytosolic free calcium concentration [Ca2+]c (18 and 6 seconds for H2O2 and HX-XO, respectively). The peak and plateau elevations of [Ca2+] were consistently higher in the mitochondrial matrix than in the cytosol. In Ca2+-free/EGTA medium, the plateau phase of elevated [Ca2+] evoked by H2O2 due to capacitative Ca2+ influx was abolished in the cytosol, but was maintained in the mitochondria. In contrast to H2O2 and HX-XO, ATP which binds the P2Y purinoceptors induced an increase in [Ca2+]m that was similar to that of [Ca2+]c. When cells were first stimulated with inositol 1,4, 5-trisphosphate-generating agonists or the Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), subsequent addition of H2O2 did not affect [Ca2+]c, but still caused an elevation of [Ca2+]m. Moreover, the specific inhibitor of the mitochondrial Ca2+/Na+ exchanger, 7-chloro-3,5-dihydro-5-phenyl-1H-4.1-benzothiazepine-2-on (CGP37157), did not potentiate the effects of H2O2 and HX-XO on [Ca2+]m, while causing a marked increase in the peak [Ca2+]m and a significant attenuation of the rate of [Ca2+]m efflux upon addition of histamine or CPA. In permeabilized cells, H2O2 mimicked the effects of CGP37157 causing an increase in the basal level of matrix free Ca2+ and decreased efflux. Dissipation of the electrochemical proton gradient by carbonylcyanide p-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone (FCCP), and blocade of the Ca2+ uptake by ruthenium red prevented [Ca2+]m increases evoked by H2O2. These results demonstrate that the H2O2-induced elevation in [Ca2+]m results from a transfer of Ca2+ secondary to increased [Ca2+]c, and an inhibition of the Ca2+/Na+ electroneutral exchanger of the mitochondria.  (+info)

Functional effects of endothelin and regulation of endothelin receptors in isolated human nonfailing and failing myocardium. (3/417)

BACKGROUND: An activated endothelin (ET) system may be of pathophysiological relevance in human heart failure. We characterized the functional effects of ET-1, ET receptors, and ET-1 peptide concentration in left ventricular myocardium from 10 nonfailing hearts (NF) and 27 hearts in end-stage failure due to idiopathic dilative cardiomyopathy (DCM). METHODS AND RESULTS: Inotropic effects were characterized in isolated muscle strips (1 Hz; 37 degrees C). ET-1 0.0001 to 0.3 micromol/L significantly (P<0.05) increased twitch force by maximally 59+/-10% in NF and by 36+/-11% in DCM (P<0.05 versus NF). Preincubation with propranolol 1 micromol/L and prazosin 0.1 micromol/L did not affect the response to ET-1, but the mixed ET receptor antagonist bosentan and the ETA receptor antagonist BQ-123 shifted the concentration-response curves for ET-1 rightward. The ETB receptor agonist sarafotoxin S6c 0.001 to 0.3 micromol/L had no functional effects. The inotropic response to ET-1 was not associated with increased intracellular Ca2+ transients, as assessed in aequorin-loaded muscle strips. ET receptor density (Bmax; radioligand binding) was 62.5+/-12.5 fmol/mg protein in NF and 122. 4+/-24.3 fmol/mg protein in DCM (P<0.05 versus NF). The increase in Bmax in DCM resulted from an increase in ETA receptors without change in ETB receptors. ET-1 peptide concentration (radioimmunoassay) was higher in DCM than in NF (14 447+/-2232 versus 4541+/-1340 pg/mg protein, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: ET-1 exerts inotropic effects in human myocardium through ETA receptor-mediated increases in myofibrillar Ca2+ responsiveness. In DCM, functional effects of ET-1 are attenuated, but ETA receptor density and ET-1 peptide concentration are increased, indicating an activated local cardiac ET system and possibly a reduced postreceptor signaling efficiency.  (+info)

Secretagogues modulate the calcium concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum of insulin-secreting cells. Studies in aequorin-expressing intact and permeabilized ins-1 cells. (4/417)

The precise regulation of the Ca2+ concentration in the endoplasmic reticulum ([Ca2+]er) is important for protein processing and signal transduction. In the pancreatic beta-cell, dysregulation of [Ca2+]er may cause impaired insulin secretion. The Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein aequorin mutated to lower its Ca2+ affinity was stably expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of rat insulinoma INS-1 cells. The steady state [Ca2+]er was 267 +/- 9 microM. Both the Ca2+-ATPase inhibitor cyclopiazonic acid and 4-chloro-m-cresol, an activator of ryanodine receptors, caused an almost complete emptying of ER Ca2+. The inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate generating agonists, carbachol, and ATP, reduced [Ca2+]er by 20-25%. Insulin secretagogues that raise cytosolic [Ca2+] by membrane depolarization increased [Ca2+]er in the potency order K+ >> glucose > leucine, paralleling their actions in the cytosolic compartment. Glucose, which augmented [Ca2+]er by about 25%, potentiated the Ca2+-mobilizing effect of carbachol, explaining the corresponding observation in cytosolic [Ca2+]. The filling of ER Ca2+ by glucose is not directly mediated by ATP production as shown by the continuous monitoring of cytosolic ATP in luciferase expressing cells. Both glucose and K+ increase [Ca2+]er, but only the former generated whereas the latter consumed ATP. Nonetheless, drastic lowering of cellular ATP with a mitochondrial uncoupler resulted in a marked decrease in [Ca2+]er, emphasizing the requirement for mitochondrially derived ATP above a critical threshold concentration. Using alpha-toxin permeabilized cells in the presence of ATP, glucose 6-phosphate did not change [Ca2+]er, invalidating the hypothesis that glucose acts through this metabolite. Therefore, insulin secretagogues that primarily stimulate Ca2+ influx, elevate [Ca2+]er to ensure beta-cell homeostasis.  (+info)

Reactive oxygen species activate a Ca2+-dependent cell death pathway in the unicellular organism Trypanosoma brucei brucei. (5/417)

Here we examine a cell death process induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the haemoflagellate Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Ca2+ distribution in cellular compartments was measured with stable transformants expressing aequorin targeted to the cytosol, nucleus or mitochondrion. Within 1.5 h of ROS production, mitochondrial Ca2+ transport was impaired and the Ca2+ barrier between the nuclear envelope and cytosol was disrupted. Consequently the mitochondrion did not accumulate Ca2+ efficiently in response to an extracellular stimulus, and excess Ca2+ accumulated in the nucleus. The terminal transferase deoxytidyl uridine end labelling assay revealed that, 5 h after treatment with ROS, extensive fragmentation of nuclear DNA occurred in over 90% of the cells. Permeability changes in the plasma membrane did not occur until an additional 2 h had elapsed. The intracellular Ca2+ buffer, EGTA acetoxymethyl ester, prevented DNA fragmentation and prolonged the onset of changes in cell permeability. Despite some similarities to apoptosis, nuclease activation was not a consequence of caspase 3, caspase 1, calpain, serine protease, cysteine protease or proteasome activity. Moreover, trypanosomes expressing mouse Bcl-2 were not protected from ROS even though protection from mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS have been reported for mammalian cells. Overall, these results demonstrate that Ca2+ pathways can induce pathology in trypanosomes, although the specific proteins involved might be distinct from those in metazoans.  (+info)

The vacuolar Ca2+/H+ exchanger Vcx1p/Hum1p tightly controls cytosolic Ca2+ levels in S. cerevisiae. (6/417)

It is well established that the vacuole plays an important role in the cellular adaptation to growth in the presence of elevated extracellular Ca2+ concentrations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The Ca2+ ATPase Pmc1p and the Ca2+/H+ exchanger Vcx1p/Hum1p have been shown to facilitate Ca2+ sequestration into the vacuole. However, the distinct physiological roles of these two vacuolar Ca2+ transporters remain uncertain. Here we show that Vcx1p can rapidly sequester a sudden pulse of cytosolic Ca2+ into the vacuole, while Pmc1p carries out this function much less efficiently. This finding is consistent with the postulated role of Vcx1p as a high capacity, low affinity Ca2+ transporter and suggests that Vcx1p may act to attenuate the propagation of Ca2+ signals in this organism.  (+info)

Differential pharmacological properties and signal transduction of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors EDG-1, EDG-3, and EDG-5. (7/417)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP) is a potent lipid mediator released upon cellular activation. In this report, pharmacological properties of the three G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for SPP, EDG-1, -3, and -5 are characterized using a Xenopus oocyte expression system, which lacks endogenous SPP receptors. Microinjection of the EDG-3 and EDG-5 but not EDG-1 mRNA conferred SPP-responsive intracellular calcium transients; however, the EDG-5 response was quantitatively much less. Co-expression of EDG-1 receptor with the chimeric Galphaqi protein conferred SPP responsiveness. Galphaqi or Galphaq co-injection also potentiated the EDG-5 and EDG-3 mediated responses to SPP. These data suggest that SPP receptors couple differentially to the Gq and Gi pathway. All three GPCRs were also activated by sphingosylphosphorylcholine, albeit at higher concentrations. None of the other related sphingolipids tested stimulated or blocked SPP-induced calcium responses. However, suramin, a polycyclic anionic compound, selectively antagonized SPP-activated calcium transients in EDG-3 expressing oocytes with an IC50 of 22 microM, suggesting that it is an antagonist selective for the EDG-3 GPCR isotype. We conclude that the three SPP receptors signal differentially by coupling to different G-proteins. Furthermore, because only EDG-3 was antagonized by suramin, variations in receptor structure may determine differences in antagonist selectivity. This property may be exploited to synthesize receptor subtype-specific antagonists.  (+info)

Measurement of perimitochondrial Ca2+ concentration in bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells with aequorin targeted to the outer mitochondrial membrane. (8/417)

Microdomains of high cytosolic free Ca(2+) concentration in the proximity of mitochondria might have an important role in the stimulation of steroidogenesis in bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells. In the present study we have investigated local changes of free Ca(2+) concentration near the outer mitochondrial membrane ([Ca(2+)](om)) under stimulation with angiotensin II (Ang II) and K(+). Glomerulosa cells in primary culture were transfected with a recombinant cDNA encoding the N-terminal region of the human translocase protein 20 of the outer mitochondrial membrane, in frame with the Ca(2+)-sensitive photoprotein aequorin. This chimaeric aequorin (TomAeq) was associated with mitochondria-enriched subcellular fractions of transfected COS-7 cells and was susceptible to proteinase K, showing that it was targeted to the outer mitochondrial membrane, facing the cytosolic space. In bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells transfected with TomAeq cDNA, Ang II induced a transient [Ca(2+)](om) peak reaching 1.42+/-0.28 microM, which decreased immediately to the basal resting value. The peak response to Ang II was strikingly lower than the peak response of mitochondrial free Ca(2+) concentration, which increased to 5.4+/-1.2 microM. The smaller response of [Ca(2+)](om) to Ang II compared with the elevated matrix response did not result from buffering effects of the organelle, from altered mechanisms of intramitochondrial Ca(2+) transport or from differences in the affinity of the chimaeric aequorins for Ca(2+). This approach has allowed us to follow perimitochondrial Ca(2+) homeostasis in bovine glomerulosa cells under stimulation with Ca(2+)-mobilizing agonists and to reveal a strong gradient of Ca(2+) concentration between the mitochondrial matrix and the immediate environment of the organelle.  (+info)

Changes in Intracellular Free Calcium Concentration during Illumination of Invertebrate Photoreceptors | JGPChanges in Intracellular Free Calcium Concentration during Illumination of Invertebrate Photoreceptors | JGP
Aequorin, which luminesces in the presence of calcium, was injected into photoreceptor cells of Limulus ventral eye. A bright light stimulus elicited a large increase in aequorin luminescence, the aequorin response, indicating a rise of intracellular calcium ion concentration, Cai. The aequorin response reached a maximum after the peak of the electrical response of the photoreceptor, decayed during a prolonged stimulus, and returned to an undetectable level in the dark. Reduction of Cao reduced the amplitude of the aequorin response by a factor no greater than 3. Raising Cao increased the amplitude of the aequorin response. The aequorin response became smaller when membrane voltage was clamped to successively more positive values. These results indicate that the stimulus-induced rise of Cai may be due in part to a light-induced influx of Ca and in part to release of Ca from an intracellular store. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that a rise in Cai is a step in the sequence of ...
http://jgp.rupress.org/content/64/6/643
Aequorin Mutants with Site-Specifically Incorporated Non-Natural Amino by Kristen Marie GrinsteadAequorin Mutants with Site-Specifically Incorporated Non-Natural Amino by Kristen Marie Grinstead
Light emitting molecules are an indispensable part of detection and reporting in many fields and are employed in a variety of biomedical applications. Bioluminescent light, or living light, from bioluminescent proteins in particular has many beneficial characteristics, including their lack of a need for an outside excitation source and detection at as low as subattomole levels. Aequorin is a well-characterized bioluminescent photoprotein that has found application in in vitro and in vivo studies. Despite the many advantages of aequorin, its application has been limited by the finite number of canonical amino acids restricting the engineering of aequorin. In order to increase the applications of aequorin, we have taken established methods that hijack the cellular machinery used to synthesize proteins to incorporate non-natural amino acids. By site-specifically incorporating the non-natural amino acids L-4-aminophenylalanine, L-4-bromophenylalanine, L-4-iodophenylalanine, and L-4-methoxyphenylalanine,
https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/1482/
Cell lines expressing recombinant aequorin and a G-protein coupled receptor for functional screening ( INTRODUCTION ...Cell lines expressing recombinant aequorin and a G-protein coupled receptor for functional screening ( INTRODUCTION ...
... INTRODUCTION ...Many G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) trigger upon binding of an a...One of the methods of choice (reviewed by Mottheakis and Ohler 2000) ... ...,Cell,lines,expressing,recombinant,aequorin,and,a,G-protein,coupled,receptor,for,functional,screening,biological,advanced biology technology,biology laboratory technology,biology device technology,latest biology technology
http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-technology/Cell-lines-expressing-recombinant-aequorin-and-a-G-protein-coupled-receptor-for-functional-screening-1376-1/
Similar papers for Changes in growth patterns and intracellular calcium concentrations in Aspergillus awamori treated with...Similar papers for Changes in growth patterns and intracellular calcium concentrations in Aspergillus awamori treated with...
Growth patterns and intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in the mutant strain Aspergillus awamori 66A containing a recombinant aequorin gene were studied in the presence of a permeabilizing fungicidal agent amphotericin B. The cell response, i.e., changes in the growth and development of the fungus (initiation of spore germination, mycelial growth, and intensity of sporulation) was dose-dependent. Low concentrations of amphotericin B (2.5 μM) stimulated spore germination: the number of germinating spores was 2-3 times higher than in the control (without the fungicide). At higher amphotericin concentrations (20 μM) spore germination was inhibited. Amphotericin B had a dose-dependent effect on mycelial growth and sporulation intensity on solid Vogel medium. Intracellular Ca2+ concentrations in the presence of amphotericin B were investigated using the luminescence of the photoprotein aequorin. High concentrations of amphotericin B (10 and 20 μM) were shown to cause an instantaneous increase in Ca2+
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Changes-in-growth-patterns-and-intracellular-calci-El-Rahman-Kozlova/4cbf43fca3bc1629a182f2a2ceedd8fcae933efa?tab=relatedPapers
1emm - Proteopedia, life in 3D1emm - Proteopedia, life in 3D
GFP_AEQVI] Energy-transfer acceptor. Its role is to transduce the blue chemiluminescence of the protein aequorin into green fluorescent light by energy transfer. Fluoresces in vivo upon receiving energy from the Ca(2+)-activated photoprotein aequorin. ...
http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/1emm
PromoKine - Luminescent Calcium IndicatorsPromoKine - Luminescent Calcium Indicators
Aequorin is a protein that contains coelenterazine as a luminescent compound and can be used for intracellular calcium ion detection. When three Ca2+ ions bind to the aequorin complex consisting of the 22 KD apoaequorin protein (APO), molecular oxygen and the luminophore coelenterazine, the latter is oxidized to coelenteramide with a concomitant release of CO2 and blue light. Since the intensity of bioluminescence emitted by aequorin upon calcium binding correlates with the Ca2+ concentration, a sensitive measurement of Ca2+ concentrations with a broad detection range (~0.1 µM to ,100 µM) is possible. Unlike fluorescent Ca2+ indicators, Ca2+-bound aequorin can be detected without illuminating the sample, thereby eliminating interference from autofluorescence ...
https://www.promokine.info/products/cell-analysis/intracellular-indicators-related-products/luminescent-calcium-indicators/
Mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in intact cells. | JCBMitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis in intact cells. | JCB
Ca2+ is a key regulator not only of multiple cytosolic enzymes, but also of a variety of metabolic pathways occurring within the lumen of intracellular organelles. Until recently, no technique to selectively monitor the Ca2+ concentration within defined cellular compartments was available. We have recently proposed the use of molecularly engineered Ca(2+)-sensitive photoproteins to obtain such a result and demonstrated the application of this methodology to the study of mitochondrial and nuclear Ca2+ dynamics. We here describe in more detail the use of chimeric recombinant aequorin targeted to the mitochondria. The technique can be applied with equivalent results to different cell models, transiently or permanently transfected. In all the cell types we analyzed, mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]m) increases rapidly and transiently upon stimulation with agonists coupled to InsP3 generation. We confirm that the high speed of mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation with this type of stimuli depends ...
http://jcb.rupress.org/content/126/5/1183
Microdomains with high Ca2+ close to IP3-sensitive channels that are sensed by neighboring mitochondria | ScienceMicrodomains with high Ca2+ close to IP3-sensitive channels that are sensed by neighboring mitochondria | Science
Microdomains of high intracellular calcium ion concentration, [Ca2+]i, have been hypothesized to occur in living cells exposed to stimuli that generate inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Mitochondrially targeted recombinant aequorin was used to show that IP3-induced Ca2+ mobilization from intracellular stores caused increases of mitochondrial Ca2+ concentration, [Ca2+]m, the speed and amplitude of which are not accounted for by the relatively small increases in mean [Ca2+]i. A similar response was obtained by the addition of IP3 to permeabilized cells but not by perfusion of cells with Ca2+ at concentrations similar to those measured in intact cells. It is concluded that in vivo, domains of high [Ca2+]i are transiently generated close to IP3-gated channels and sensed by nearby mitochondria; this may provide an efficient mechanism for optimizing mitochondrial activity upon cell stimulation. ...
https://science.sciencemag.org/content/262/5134/744?ijkey=28ef9078164b56fa131507005b3061dccdc36b9c&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Quincy BioscienceQuincy Bioscience
Quincy Biosciecne Products Quincy Bioscience researches, develops and plans to market therapeutic compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer s disease, Parkinson s disease, stroke, Huntington s disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). New therapeutics will be based on the calcium-binding protein aequorin. Calcium-binding proteins are important in the protection of certain cellular populations and decrease over the course of aging or disease progression. In June 2004, the company applied for its first patent on the aequorin technology. Research and development work is conducted in university laboratories in addition to Quincy Biosciences own facilities to fully develop the therapeutic applications of this technology. Aequorin acts in a protective manner similar to proteins that are depleted in humans with these diseases of aging. The dietary supplement Prevagen has been developed based on Quincy Bioscience s core technology and is slated for launch ...
http://www.bayho.com/c/quincy-biosciecne.html
Apoaequorin Reviews - Does It Really Work & Is It Safe To Use?Apoaequorin Reviews - Does It Really Work & Is It Safe To Use?
Apoaequorin Reviews - Click here to read this exclusive Apoaequorin review! Does it work? Get the facts. Learn more about this product today!
https://www.healthwebmagazine.com/memory-supplements/apoaequorin-reviews/
Adenosine 5′-[α β-methylene]triphosphate potentiates the oscillatory cytosolic Ca2+ responses of hepatocytes to ATP, but not to...Adenosine 5′-[α β-methylene]triphosphate potentiates the oscillatory cytosolic Ca2+ responses of hepatocytes to ATP, but not to...
Single rat hepatocytes microinjected with aequorin generate oscillations in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) when stimulated with agonists acting through the phosphoinositide signalling pathway. The duration of these transients has been shown to be characteristic of the stimulating agonist, so that transients of very different duration can be induced in the same individual hepatocyte by different agonists. In a previous study we have shown that ADP and ATP, which are believed to act through a single P2y-purinoceptor species, elicit very different [Ca2+]i responses in most of the hepatocytes. We have interpreted this as evidence for two Ca(2+)-mobilizing purinoceptors. The methylated derivative of ATP, adenosine 5′-[alpha beta-methylene]-triphosphate (pp[CH2]pA), is only a weak P2y-purinoceptor agonist. When 100 microM pp[CH2]pA was supplied to aequorin-injected hepatocytes, there was no effect on [Ca2+]i. However, 25 microM pp[CH2]pA co-supplied with ATP causes a potentiation of the ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/293/3/757
Comparative analysis of MAMP-induced calcium influx in arabidopsis seedlings and protoplastsComparative analysis of MAMP-induced calcium influx in arabidopsis seedlings and protoplasts
Rapid transient elevation of cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+) levels in plant cells is an early signaling event triggered by many environmental cues including abiotic and biotic stresses. Cellular Ca2+ levels and their alterations can be monitored by genetically encoded reporter systems such as the bioluminescent protein, aequorin. Employment of proteinaceous Ca2+ sensors is usually performed in transgenic lines that constitutively express the reporter construct. Such settings limit the usage of these Ca2+ biosensors to particular reporter variants and plant genetic backgrounds, which can be a severe constraint in genetic pathway analysis. Here we systematically explored the potential of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf mesophyll protoplasts, either derived from a transgenic apoaequorin-expressing line or transfected with apoaequorin reporter constructs, as a complementary biological resource to monitor cytoplasmic changes of Ca2+ levels in response to various biotic stress elicitors. We tested a range of ...
https://library.wur.nl/WebQuery/wurpubs/561202
Subcortical Ca2+ Waves Sneaking Under the Plasma Membrane in Endothelial Cells | Circulation ResearchSubcortical Ca2+ Waves Sneaking Under the Plasma Membrane in Endothelial Cells | Circulation Research
The subplasmalemmal spatiotemporal aspects of Ca2+ dynamics sensitive to [Ca2+]o were examined using cameleon and a FRET-based technique. Our observations appear to be consistent with those of a previous study using aequorin, in which a dramatic increase in [Ca2+]spm in A7r5 cells was detectable only when the sensor was expressed on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.3 Cameleon is superior to aequorin in terms of its imaging feasibility based on the intense fluorescence emitted from GFP mutants; consequently, subplasmalemmal Ca2+ waves were observed and characterized for the first time in this study. These subcortical Ca2+ waves cannot be detected by conventional imaging methods using indicators such as Indo-1, Fluo-4, or native YC that are nonspecifically loaded or expressed in the cytosol. Bulk cytosolic Ca2+ waves, which have been well described, basically consist of Ca2+ released from internal stores. Unlike the bulk cytosolic Ca2+ waves, the Ca2+ source for subplasmalemmal waves is ...
http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/95/3/e11.full
Subcortical Ca2+ Waves Sneaking Under the Plasma Membrane in Endothelial Cells | Circulation ResearchSubcortical Ca2+ Waves Sneaking Under the Plasma Membrane in Endothelial Cells | Circulation Research
The subplasmalemmal spatiotemporal aspects of Ca2+ dynamics sensitive to [Ca2+]o were examined using cameleon and a FRET-based technique. Our observations appear to be consistent with those of a previous study using aequorin, in which a dramatic increase in [Ca2+]spm in A7r5 cells was detectable only when the sensor was expressed on the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane.3 Cameleon is superior to aequorin in terms of its imaging feasibility based on the intense fluorescence emitted from GFP mutants; consequently, subplasmalemmal Ca2+ waves were observed and characterized for the first time in this study. These subcortical Ca2+ waves cannot be detected by conventional imaging methods using indicators such as Indo-1, Fluo-4, or native YC that are nonspecifically loaded or expressed in the cytosol. Bulk cytosolic Ca2+ waves, which have been well described, basically consist of Ca2+ released from internal stores. Unlike the bulk cytosolic Ca2+ waves, the Ca2+ source for subplasmalemmal waves is ...
http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/95/3/e11
Proposed new fluorpro charter -- comments welcomeProposed new fluorpro charter -- comments welcome
If we are going to be revising the charter, I propose we rename the newsgroup bionet.molbio.proteins.luminescent to cover both photoluminescence (aka fluorescence) and chemiluminescence (bioluminescence). While the present charter stresses bioluminescence, 90% of the discussions have been devoted to GFP and various bioengineered variants. This is not a problem, but it might confuse people looking for bioluminescent proteins. I strongly support some sort of moderation to remove the spams. --John ...
http://bio.net/bionet/mm/fluorpro/1997-August/000713.html
Understanding Appetite using HiBiT Protein TaggingUnderstanding Appetite using HiBiT Protein Tagging
How researchers are applying new methods for protein tagging to monitor GPCR internalization and to search for drugs that interfere with receptor trafficking. Bioluminescent protein tagging methods simplify and expedite screening for drugs that modulate hunger and energy homeostasis.
https://www.promega.com/resources/pubhub/features/understanding-appetite/
Gentaur Molecular :Biotium \ COELENTERAZINE HCP \ 10113Gentaur Molecular :Biotium \ COELENTERAZINE HCP \ 10113
Gentaur molecular products has all kinds of products like :search , Biotium \ COELENTERAZINE HCP \ 10113 for more molecular products just contact us
http://www.antibody-antibodies.com/product_det.php?id=1471730&supplier=search&name=COELENTERAZINE%20%20HCP
Human HCRTR2/Apoaequorin Stable Cell Line-CHO - Creative BiogeneHuman HCRTR2/Apoaequorin Stable Cell Line-CHO - Creative Biogene
The protein encoded by this gene is a G-protein coupled receptor involved in the regulation of feeding behavior. The encoded protein binds the hypothalamic neuropeptides
https://www.creative-biogene.com/Human-HCRTR2-Apoaequorin-Stable-Cell-Line-CHO-CSC-RG1320-196063-11.html
Prediction of bioluminescent proteins by using sequence-derived features and lineage-specific scheme | BMC Bioinformatics |...Prediction of bioluminescent proteins by using sequence-derived features and lineage-specific scheme | BMC Bioinformatics |...
Bioluminescent proteins (BLPs) widely exist in many living organisms. As BLPs are featured by the capability of emitting lights, they can be served as biomarkers and easily detected in biomedical research, such as gene expression analysis and signal transduction pathways. Therefore, accurate identification of BLPs is important for disease diagnosis and biomedical engineering. In this paper, we propose a novel accurate sequence-based method named PredBLP (Prediction of BioLuminescent Proteins) to predict BLPs. We collect a series of sequence-derived features, which have been proved to be involved in the structure and function of BLPs. These features include amino acid composition, dipeptide composition, sequence motifs and physicochemical properties. We further prove that the combination of four types of features outperforms any other combinations or individual features. To remove potential irrelevant or redundant features, we also introduce Fisher Markov Selector together with Sequential Backward
https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12859-017-1709-6/metrics
Granules as Calcium Stores | Science SignalingGranules as Calcium Stores | Science Signaling
Dense core granules of exocrine cells are a potential source of calcium, and results to date have been controversial regarding whether the calcium in these organelles is involved in controlling the cytosolic calcium concentration. Mitchell et al. developed a fusion protein between the dense core transmembrane protein VAMP and the calcium-sensitive bioluminescent protein aequorin in order to visualize calcium in the dense core granules of a pancreatic β cell line. Vesicular free [Ca2+] was approximately 50 μM, significantly lower than endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or Golgi free [Ca2+]. Vesicular [Ca2+] increased when calcium was reintroduced to the cells following calcium depletion. Uptake required adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and was inhibited by high concentrations of orthovanadate, but not by the ER Ca2+ ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin or by agents that altered intravesicular pH or elevations in Na+ concentration, suggesting that the uptake does not occur through a Ca2+/H+ exchanger or through a ...
https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/2001/103/tw370
Principle Microbiology: 2011Principle Microbiology: 2011
Green Fluoroscent Protein:. · The GFP was first discovered from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria. But it is also present in other organisms.. · The Aequorea victoria contains two luminescent proteins.. 1) Aequorin. 2) GFP, i.e. Green Fluoroscent Protein. · Aequorin, when interacts with Ca+2, it emits flashes of the blue light.. · The GFP aquires energy from Aequorin and emits green light.. Structure of GFP:. · The GFP from Aequorea victoria has an 11 stranded beta-barrel structure, with a alpha-helix running up the axis of the barrel.. · The chromophore is attached to alpha-helix in the center of barrel, few amino acids make the chromophore.. · The chromophore has Serine, Tyrosine and Glycine at the position 65; 66 and 67 respectively.. · 4-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)-imidazolidin-5-one attached to protein backbone through 1 and 2 position of the ring.. · Chromophore has hydrogen-bonding with amino acid residue and water molecules.. ...
http://principlemicrobiology.blogspot.com/2011/?widgetType=BlogArchive&widgetId=BlogArchive1&action=toggle&dir=close&toggle=YEARLY-1293820200000&toggleopen=MONTHLY-1309458600000
AID 632132 - Antagonist activity at rat MCHR1 expressed in HEK293 cells by aequorin bioluminescence assay - PubChemAID 632132 - Antagonist activity at rat MCHR1 expressed in HEK293 cells by aequorin bioluminescence assay - PubChem
BioAssay record AID 632132 submitted by ChEMBL: Antagonist activity at rat MCHR1 expressed in HEK293 cells by aequorin bioluminescence assay.
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/632132
Safety assessment of Apoaequorin, a protein preparation: subchronic toxicity study in rats. | CureHunterSafety assessment of Apoaequorin, a protein preparation: subchronic toxicity study in rats. | CureHunter
Safety assessment of Apoaequorin, a protein preparation: subchronic toxicity study in rats. - Daniel L Moran, Palma Ann Marone, Mark R Bauter, Madhu G Soni
http://www.curehunter.com/public/pubmed23470325.do
Patterns of free calcium in zebrafish embryos | Journal of Cell SciencePatterns of free calcium in zebrafish embryos | Journal of Cell Science
Direct knowledge of Ca2+ patterns in vertebrate development is largely restricted to early stages, in which they control fertilization, ooplasmic segregation and cleavage. To explore new roles of Ca2+ in vertebrate development, we injected the Ca2+ indicator aequorin into zebrafish eggs and imaged Ca2+ throughout the first day of development. During early cleavages, a high Ca2+ zone is seen in the cleavage furrows. The high Ca2+ zone during first cleavage spreads as a slow wave (0.5 microm/second) and is preceded by three Ca2+ pulses within the animal pole region of the egg. When Ca2+ concentrations are clamped at the resting level by BAPTA buffer injection into the zygote, all signs of development are blocked. In later development, Ca2+ patterns are associated with cell movements during gastrulation, with neural induction, with brain regionalization, with formation of the somites and neural keel, with otic placode formation, with muscle movements and with formation of the heart. Particularly ...
https://jcs.biologists.org/content/111/12/1613?ijkey=815994ee5cbc6eec87dc7d31a37dd6f4e582c6a3&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Uncategorized - Page 2 - medntel.comUncategorized - Page 2 - medntel.com
Prevagen has been touted as a dietary supplement that helps to improve memory. Does Prevagen work?. Prevagen is a dietary supplement made by Quincy Bioscience, a company based in Wisconsin. It contains apoaequorin, a protein derived from a jellyfish. Evidence cited by Quincy Bioscience that Prevagen is effective is reported in a study in 2016. This study was not published in any journal.. The goal of the study was to determine whether the active ingredient of Prevagen, apoaequorin, improves cognitive function in older adults who have normal or near normal memory function. In this study, healthy adults ages 40-91 with memory concerns were examined by cognitive tests over a period of 90 days. People with neurological diseases and other conditions were excluded from the study population.. The authors reported that there were significant improvements in cognitive function in people treated with the study chemical compared to those who were not.. Limitations of this study include:. The study duration ...
http://medntel.com/index.php/category/uncategorized/page/2/
writing staff - Page 2 - medntel.comwriting staff - Page 2 - medntel.com
Prevagen has been touted as a dietary supplement that helps to improve memory. Does Prevagen work?. Prevagen is a dietary supplement made by Quincy Bioscience, a company based in Wisconsin. It contains apoaequorin, a protein derived from a jellyfish. Evidence cited by Quincy Bioscience that Prevagen is effective is reported in a study in 2016. This study was not published in any journal.. The goal of the study was to determine whether the active ingredient of Prevagen, apoaequorin, improves cognitive function in older adults who have normal or near normal memory function. In this study, healthy adults ages 40-91 with memory concerns were examined by cognitive tests over a period of 90 days. People with neurological diseases and other conditions were excluded from the study population.. The authors reported that there were significant improvements in cognitive function in people treated with the study chemical compared to those who were not.. Limitations of this study include:. The study duration ...
http://medntel.com/index.php/author/admin1/page/2/
FDSS7000EX Functional Drug Screening System | 浜松ホトニクスFDSS7000EX Functional Drug Screening System | 浜松ホトニクス
FDSS Application Note No.1 Chloride ion sensitive fluorescent dye for Drug Screening [0.1MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note No.2 CoroNa Red as a potential probe for intracellular sodium imaging [0.1MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note No.3 FRET-based Voltage Sensor dyes for Drug Screening [0.1MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note No.4 FDSS Cell dispensing unit for Aequorin Flash luminescence [0.4MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note No.5 COX flash luminescence screening [0.1MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note No.6 Direct comparison of Fast response and Slow response Membrane potential dye using the FDSS6000 [0.1MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note No.7 Multiplexing Calcium Mobilization and Membrane Potential Assays Using the FDSS6000 [0.3MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note No.8 Comparison of No Wash Reagent Kits on the FDSS6000 [0.4MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note No.9 Effect of Plate Mixing, Fluid Addition Height and Speed on Reducing Addition Artifacts and Negative Control Drift Using the FDSS6000 [0.1MB/PDF]. FDSS Application Note ...
http://www.hamamatsu.com/jp/ja/product/application/1503/5333/FDSS7000EX/index.html
Denver Doc OnlineDenver Doc Online
Mark Underwood of Quincy Bioscience figured out that giving aequorin to rats through the golden months of their lives helped them hang onto the ability to perform tricks despite their advancing age. Rats normally get less tricky as they age because they lose their calcium-binding proteins, allowing free calcium to ravage their brains, which lets the tricks leak out. But rats plus jellyfish protein equals peak performance at mazes and bells throughout the lifespan ...
http://femailhealthnews.blogspot.com/2007/10/that-which-makes-jellyfish-glow-in-deep.html
The role of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange in paired pulse potentiation o...The role of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange in paired pulse potentiation o...
The role of Na(+)-Ca2+ exchange in paired pulse potentiation of ferret ventricular muscle.: 1. Stimulation of cardiac muscle with pairs of stimuli (paired puls
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/the-role-of-na-ca2-exchange-in-paired-pulse-potentiation-of-ferret-ventricular-muscle
Genomics, Medicine, and Pseudoscience: September 2015Genomics, Medicine, and Pseudoscience: September 2015
The appeal that Prevagen is making to consumers is a very old one: basically, they want you to think that if a protein is used in your brain, then eating that protein will make your brain healthier (even though apoaequorin is not a human protein). By this argument, I could package up hundreds of different proteins (perhaps thousands-the brain is a complex organ) and sell them as brain food This simplistic principle has been used for centuries in folk medicine: its the reason why some people think that eating the body parts of bears and tigers will make them more virile. But eating tiger organs doesnt make you more like a tiger. Its a form of magical thinking, and theres simply no science to support it. In short, its just wrong ...
http://genome.fieldofscience.com/2015/09/
Genomics, Medicine, and Pseudoscience: September 2015Genomics, Medicine, and Pseudoscience: September 2015
The appeal that Prevagen is making to consumers is a very old one: basically, they want you to think that if a protein is used in your brain, then eating that protein will make your brain healthier (even though apoaequorin is not a human protein). By this argument, I could package up hundreds of different proteins (perhaps thousands-the brain is a complex organ) and sell them as brain food This simplistic principle has been used for centuries in folk medicine: its the reason why some people think that eating the body parts of bears and tigers will make them more virile. But eating tiger organs doesnt make you more like a tiger. Its a form of magical thinking, and theres simply no science to support it. In short, its just wrong ...
http://genome.fieldofscience.com/2015_09_01_archive.html
Semi-Synthetic Organism Uses New DNA Bases | IFLScienceSemi-Synthetic Organism Uses New DNA Bases | IFLScience
Life, on the most basic level, is incredibly simple in theory yet vastly complex in practice. DNA is made out of only four nucleic acids: adenine which pai
http://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/semi-synthetic-organism-uses-new-dna-bases/
Development of novel hybridization assays and immunoassays based on bi by Eleftheria. LaiosDevelopment of novel hybridization assays and immunoassays based on bi by Eleftheria. Laios
The ability of labeled DNA or RNA probes to bind with high affinity and specificity to complementary nucleic acid sequences forms the basis of nucleic acid hybridization assays. Immunoassays, on the other hand, exploit the strong and specific interaction between antigens and antibodies. One aspect of this dissertation deals with enhancement of the sensitivity of bioluminescence hybridization assays based on the photoprotein aequorin. This is achieved by introducing, enzymatically, multiple aequorin labels per DNA hybrid. The bound aequorin is determined by its characteristic bioluminescence. An 8-fold improvement in sensitivity is observed with the amplified assay as compared to an assay without the amplification step. Another aspect of this dissertation involves the development of two novel microtiter well-based DNA hybridization assays in which an expressible cDNA fragment encoding firefly luciferase serves as a reporter molecule. The reporter molecule undergoes in vitro expression through coupled
http://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/1716/
SciCombinator - Genomic organization, evolution, and expression of photoprotein and opsin genes in Mnemiopsis leidyi: a new...SciCombinator - Genomic organization, evolution, and expression of photoprotein and opsin genes in Mnemiopsis leidyi: a new...
Comments, concepts and statistics about Genomic organization, evolution, and expression of photoprotein and opsin genes in Mnemiopsis leidyi: a new view of ctenophore photocytes.
http://www.scicombinator.com/articles/135488
Viladevall L~Arino J, 2004 / Papers / YeastPhenome.orgViladevall L~Arino J, 2004 / Papers / YeastPhenome.org
Exposure of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to alkaline stress resulted in adaptive changes that involved remodeling the gene expression. Recent evidence suggested that the calcium-activated protein phosphatase calcineurin could play a role in alkaline stress signaling. By using an aequorin luminescence reporter, we showed that alkaline stress resulted in a sharp and transient rise in cytoplasmic calcium. This increase was largely abolished by addition of EGTA to the medium or in cells lacking Mid1 or Cch1, components of the high affinity cell membrane calcium channel. Under these circumstances, the alkaline response of different calcineurin-sensitive transcriptional promoters was also blocked. Therefore, exposure to alkali resulted in entry of calcium from the external medium, and this triggered a calcineurin-mediated response. The involvement of calcineurin and Crz1/Tcn1, the transcription factor activated by the phosphatase, in the transcriptional response triggered by alkalinization has ...
http://yeastphenome.org/papers/231/
Application of BRET to monitor ligand binding to GPCRs - Nottingham ePrintsApplication of BRET to monitor ligand binding to GPCRs - Nottingham ePrints
Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a well-established method for investigating protein-protein interactions. Here we present a BRET approach to monitor ligand binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) on the surface of living cells made possible by the use of fluorescent ligands in combination with a bioluminescent protein (NanoLuc) that can be readily expressed on the N terminus of GPCRs.. ...
http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/35176/
Contrasting effects of ischemia on the kinetics of membrane voltage and intracellular calcium transient underlie electrical...Contrasting effects of ischemia on the kinetics of membrane voltage and intracellular calcium transient underlie electrical...
Repolarization alternans has been considered a strong marker of electrical instability. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that ischemia-induced contrasting effects on the kinetics of membrane voltage and intracellular calcium transient (Ca(i)T) can explain the vulnerability of the ischemic heart to repolarization alternans. Ischemia-induced changes in action potential (AP) and Ca(i)T resulting in alternans were investigated in perfused Langendorff guinea pig hearts subjected to 10-15 min of global no-flow ischemia followed by 10-15 min of reperfusion. The heart was stained with 100 microl of rhod-2 AM and 25 microl of RH-237, and AP and Ca(i)T were simultaneously recorded with an optical mapping system of two 16 x 16 photodiode arrays. Ischemia was associated with shortening of AP duration (D) but delayed upstroke, broadening of peak, and slowed decay of Ca(i)T resulting in a significant increase of Ca(i)T-D. The changes in APD were spatially heterogeneous in contrast to a
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/164614
malignant leptomeningeal tumor drug therapy 2000:2010[pubdate] *count=100 - BioMedLib™ search enginemalignant leptomeningeal tumor drug therapy 2000:2010[pubdate] *count=100 - BioMedLib™ search engine
MeSH-minor] Animals. Drug Administration Schedule. Enzyme Activation. Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-2 / antagonists & inhibitors. Female. Genes, Reporter. Genes, p53. Green Fluorescent Proteins. Humans. Injections, Spinal. Luminescent Proteins / analysis. Luminescent Proteins / genetics. Mice. Mice, Nude. Neoplasm Proteins / physiology. Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) / physiology. Signal Transduction. Transcription, Genetic. Tumor Cells, Cultured. Virus Replication. Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays. eIF-2 Kinase / antagonists & inhibitors. eIF-2 Kinase / ...
http://www.bmlsearch.com/?kwr=malignant+leptomeningeal+tumor+drug+therapy+2000:2010%5Bpubdate%5D&cxts=100&stmp=b1
Patent US6316267 - Luminescent protein stains an their method of use - Google PatentsPatent US6316267 - Luminescent protein stains an their method of use - Google Patents
The invention relates to the staining of poly(amino acids), including peptides, polypeptides and proteins in gels and on solid supports, using neutral or anionic complexes of transition metals.
http://www.google.com/patents/US6316267?dq=5179747
Luminescent Proteins | Applied and Environmental MicrobiologyLuminescent Proteins | Applied and Environmental Microbiology
ASM journals are the most prominent publications in the field, delivering up-to-date and authoritative coverage of both basic and clinical microbiology.. About ASM , Contact Us , Press Room. ASM is a member of. ...
https://aem.asm.org/keyword/luminescent-proteins?page=4
anthos Mikrosysteme GmbH Online - LUmo 13101100anthos Mikrosysteme GmbH Online - LUmo 13101100
Thyroid Hormones , Tumor Markers , Reproductive Endocrinology , Diabetes , Infectious Disease , Cardiac Markers , Adrenal/Pituitary , Bone Metabolism , TDM , Anemia , LIA Other Analytes , Nucleic acid quantification , Aequorin Ca++ assays , Ion channels / GPCR´s , Two-Hybrid / Protein - protein interaction , Apoptosis / Cell viability / Cell cytotoxicity , ATP determination , Reactive oxygen species (ROS) ...
http://www.anthos.de/product_info.php/info/p58_LUmo.html/XTCsid/52dc46a21badc68c5e24864418f853fc
5-Hydroxytryptamine 5-HT3A (Serotonin) AequoScreen Cell Line | PerkinElmer5-Hydroxytryptamine 5-HT3A (Serotonin) AequoScreen Cell Line | PerkinElmer
AequoScreen Double Transfected Cell Line: Human recombinant 5-HT3A receptor in aequorin HEK-293 host cell.. We provide two vials of cryopreserved cells (approximately 2.5 x 106 cells/vial), detailed product information including cell line properties, culture conditions and the pharmacological properties of the recombinant channel in a functional assay.. All cell lines are tested for the absence of mycoplasma.. Terms and conditions apply. Some of our receptors may be restricted for sale in specified countries. Please inquire at your local sales office for more information.. Features:. ...
https://www-punchout.perkinelmer.com/product/serotonin-5ht3a-aequozen-es-402-af
Human PTGER4/Clytin Stable Cell Line-HEK293 CSC-RG0742 - Creative BioMartHuman PTGER4/Clytin Stable Cell Line-HEK293 CSC-RG0742 - Creative BioMart
These cells express a novel variant of clytin, a calcium-activated photoprotein, to enable sensitive luminescent detection of ligand-induced calcium flux. The clytin contains a mutation that increases its affinity for calcium to a level that permits detection of cytosolic calcium in many cells with greater sensitivity than other mitochondrially expressed photoproteins. Luminescent calcium assays offer several advantages over fluorescent calcium assays including increased sensitivity and lack of interference
https://www.creativebiomart.net/description_146390_261.htm
CHO (+Gα16, medium level) AequoScreen parental cell line | PerkinElmerCHO (+Gα16, medium level) AequoScreen parental cell line | PerkinElmer
AequoScreen parental cells stably expressing the mitochondrially targeted apoaequorin and the G-protein Ga16 for flash-luminescence assay. Recombinant, in CHO-K1 host cell. GPCRs of your choice can be transiently / stably transfected into this cell line. Following GPCR stimulation, increases in intracellular calcium enable measurement of the resulting flash luminescence signal. Two vials of cryopreserved cells are shipped per order. Terms and conditions apply. Please inquire at your local sales office for more information.. ...
http://www.perkinelmer.com/product/aequozen-1321n1-galpha-16-parental-es-000-a28f
Can pharmacy memory supplements actually help? - Ninche AGCan pharmacy memory supplements actually help? - Ninche AG
Individuals think, well, its natural, so it needs to work. This substance from one includes an essence from jellyfish and appears to have some kind of enchanting, science, fantasy kind of idea that it has to aid. I find that entertaining since why would certainly you assume that a protein from a primitive life form like a jellyfish would certainly have anything to do with the human mind? The substance concerned, apoaequorin (noticable a-po-ah-kwor-in), is a protein as well as it is undoubtedly broken down in the belly as well as not also taken in as an intact particle. Its broken down into amino acids, so it actually can not have any result in the human.. ...
https://ninche.info/can-pharmacy-memory-supplements-actually-help/
Biology-Online • View topic - The Fiber DiseaseBiology-Online • View topic - The Fiber Disease
V. Viviani et al. [Biochemistry 38 (1999) 8271] were the first to succeed in cloning the red-emitting enzyme from the South American railroad worm, which is the only bioluminescent organism known to emit a red-colored light. The application of red bioluminescence has been our goal because the transmittance of longer-wavelength light is superior to that of the other colors for visualization of biological functions in living cells. Now, different color luciferases, which emit with wavelength maxima ranging from 400 to 630 nm, are available and are being used. For example, based on different color luciferases, Nakajima et al. developed a tricolor reporter in vitro assay system based on these different color luciferases in which the expression of three genes can be monitored simultaneously. On the other hand, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a natural phenomenon caused by the intermolecular interaction between a bioluminescent protein and a fluorophore on a second protein, ...
http://www.biology-online.org/biology-forum/post-67236.html
Catalog - HamamatsuCatalog - Hamamatsu
Accepted worldwide for its reliability, the FDSS is capable of 1536-well format and high-sensitivity luminescence measurements. The FDSS (Functional Drug Screening System) series are designed for cell-based assays in the drug discovery field. These instruments optically detect intracellular reactions and biological signal transmissions, and are used as screening systems to discover new lead compounds which could be candidates for new drugs. The FDSS7000EX is our high-end model capable of handling 1536-well assays and measuring both fluorescence and luminescence, and is equipped with a variety of functions such as multiple washing. Many kinds of suspended/adherent cells real-time kinetic reactions can be measured and analyzed. Various optional parts such as FRET, robot connections, etc. are available. In addition, the FDSS7000EX is expandable for future upgrades. Applications Intracellular calcium ion Membrane potential Ion channel Aequorin Luciferase FRET Suspended cell Applications Do more ...
http://dtsheet.com/doc/1279409/catalog---hamamatsu
Purinergic P2Y11 AequoScreen Cell Line | PerkinElmerPurinergic P2Y11 AequoScreen Cell Line | PerkinElmer
AequoScreen® Double Transfected Cell Line: Human recombinant P2Y11 receptor in aequorin 1321N1 host cell. We provide two vials of cryopreserved cells (approximately 2.5 x 106 cells/vial), detailed product information including cell line properties, culture conditions and the pharmacological properties of the recombinant receptor in a functional assay. All cell lines are tested for the absence of mycoplasma. Terms and conditions apply. Some of our receptors may be restricted for sale in specified countries. Please inquire at your local sales office for more information.. Features:. ...
http://www.perkinelmer.com/product/purinergic-p2y11-aequoscreen-cell-line-es-293-a
Morestan | Semantic ScholarMorestan | Semantic Scholar
Female rats were fed for 21 days on 5 semi-synthetic diets containing 8 or 30% proteins, 1 or 25% lipids respectively, the… Expand ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/topic/Morestan/649625
When Do Ferrets Shed: 10 FAQs Answered - trifl.orgWhen Do Ferrets Shed: 10 FAQs Answered - trifl.org
If you have a ferret, then this article is for you! We answer 10 FAQs about when do ferrets shed. How much do they shed? Why does it happen? And more
https://trifl.org/when-do-ferrets-shed-10-faqs-answered/
BioluminescenceBioluminescence
Other cofactors may be required, such as calcium (Ca2+) for the photoprotein aequorin, or magnesium (Mg2+) ions and ATP for the ... Furthermore, some of the blue light released by aequorin in contact with calcium ions is absorbed by a green fluorescent ... ISBN 978-1-139-45181-9. Shimomura, O. (August 1995). "A short story of aequorin". The Biological Bulletin. 189 (1): 1-5. doi: ... Shimomura, O.; Johnson, F. H.; Saiga, Y. (1962). "Extraction, purification and properties of aequorin, a bioluminescent protein ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioluminescence
Aequorea victoriaAequorea victoria
The species is best known as the source of two proteins involved in bioluminescence, aequorin, a photoprotein, and green ... JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/23754410 PDB: 1EMA​ Shimomura O (August 1995). "A short story of aequorin". The Biological Bulletin ... In 1967, Ridgeway and Ashley microinjected aequorin into single muscle fibers of barnacles, and observed transient calcium ion- ... In 1961, Shimomura and Johnson isolated the protein aequorin, and its small molecule cofactor, coelenterazine, from large ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aequorea_victoria
PhotoproteinPhotoprotein
For example, the photoprotein aequorin produces a flash of light when luciferin and calcium are added, rather than the ... Because of the kinetically slow step, each aequorin molecule must "recharge" with another molecule of luciferin before it can ... Shimomura O, Johnson FH (1975). "Regeneration of the photoprotein aequorin". Nature. 256 (5514): 236-238. Bibcode:1975Natur.256 ... often until the addition of another required factor such as Ca2+ in the case of aequorin. Shimomura, O. "Bioluminescence: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoprotein
Douglas PrasherDouglas Prasher
He is known for his work to clone and sequence the genes for the photoprotein aequorin and green fluorescent protein (GFP) and ... Prasher, D., McCann, R.O., Cormier, M.J., Cloning and expression of the cDNA coding for aequorin, a bioluminescent calcium- ... aequorin. Photochem. Photobiol., 49(4), 509-512 (1989). Prasher, D.C., O'Kane, D., Lee, J., Woodward, B., The lumazine protein ... where he identified the gene sequence for aequorin. He then joined the Biology Department of the Woods Hole Oceanographic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douglas_Prasher
BioreporterBioreporter
Aequorin has been incorporated into human B cell lines for the detection of pathogenic bacteria and viruses in what is referred ... GFP, like aequorin, produces a blue fluorescent signal, but without the required addition of an exogenous substrate. All that ... Aequorin is a photoprotein isolated from the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria. Upon addition of calcium ions (Ca2+) ... In some instances, the signal only occurs when a secondary substrate is added to the bioassay (luxAB, Luc, and aequorin). For ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioreporter
John Woodland HastingsJohn Woodland Hastings
Hastings, J.W.; Mitchell, G.W.; Mattingly, P.H.; Blinks, J.R.; Van Leeuwen, M. (1969). "Response of aequorin bioluminescence to ... aequorin), which alone emits blue light, to a secondary green emitter which they termed green fluorescent protein (GFP). Once ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Woodland_Hastings
Calcium imagingCalcium imaging
Colocalization of aequorin with GFP facilitates BRET/CRET (Bioluminescence or Chemiluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer), ... Such systems may rely on aequorin and the luciferin coelenterazine. Ca2+ binding causes a conformational change that ... Chimeric green fluorescent protein-aequorin as bioluminescent Ca2+ reporters at the single-cell level. Proceedings of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_imaging
ConnexinConnexin
George CH, Kendall JM, Campbell AK, Evans WH (November 1998). "Connexin-aequorin chimerae report cytoplasmic calcium ... "Assembly of chimeric connexin-aequorin proteins into functional gap junction channels. Reporting intracellular and plasma ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connexin
Roger Y. TsienRoger Y. Tsien
Aequorin is also a useful tool to indicate calcium level inside cells; however, it has some limitations, primarily is that its ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Y._Tsien
Green fluorescent proteinGreen fluorescent protein
GFP is co-expressed with aequorin in small granules around the rim of the jellyfish bell. The secondary excitation peak (480 nm ... In the 1960s and 1970s, GFP, along with the separate luminescent protein aequorin (an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of ... In A. victoria, GFP fluorescence occurs when aequorin interacts with Ca2+ ions, inducing a blue glow. Some of this luminescent ... The purpose of both the (primary) bioluminescence (from aequorin's action on luciferin) and the (secondary) fluorescence of GFP ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_fluorescent_protein
History of science and technology in JapanHistory of science and technology in Japan
... along with the separate luminescent protein aequorin (an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of luciferin, releasing light), ... purification and properties of aequorin, a bioluminescent protein from the luminous hydromedusan, Aequorea". Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_science_and_technology_in_Japan
JellyfishJellyfish
Shimomura, O.; Johnson, F. H.; Saiga, Y. (1962). "Extraction, purification and properties of aequorin, a bioluminescent protein ... In 1961, Osamu Shimomura extracted green fluorescent protein (GFP) and another bioluminescent protein, called aequorin, from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellyfish
Fusion geneFusion gene
Prendergast FG, Mann KG (August 1978). "Chemical and physical properties of aequorin and the green fluorescent protein isolated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_gene
Aequorea forskaleaAequorea forskalea
Despite containing a bioluminescent protein, aequorin, this species (as well as all other species in the genus) are almost ... Prendergast, Franklyn G.; Mann, Kenneth G. (1978-08-22). "Chemical and physical properties of aequorin and the green ... and extracted aequorin and GFP from various Aequorea species including A. forskalea. To this day, A. victoria is still the ... aequorin) and GFP (green fluorescent protein) discovered and studied extensively by Dr. Osamu Shimomura in 1961. While this ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aequorea_forskalea
Cell CANARYCell CANARY
At the final step of these reactions, Ca2+ ions are released, and in the presence of aequorin, photons are emitted. Aequorin is ... Aequorin," Photochem. Photobiol., vol. 49, no. 4, 1989, pp. 509-512. Petrovick, Martha S., James D. Harper, Frances E. Nargi, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_CANARY
ILCDILCD
Aequorin-expressing yeast emits light under electric control.J Biotechnol. 2011 Mar 20;152(3):93-5. Official website J ... It is based on yeast cells expressing aequorin protein sensitive to change in intracellular calcium. Upon electrical ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ILCD
LuciferinLuciferin
It is the prosthetic group in the protein aequorin responsible for the blue light emission. Dinoflagellate luciferin is a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luciferin
ChemiluminescenceChemiluminescence
Another protein, aequorin, found in certain jellyfish, produces blue light in the presence of calcium. It can be used in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemiluminescence
Calcium concentration microdomainsCalcium concentration microdomains
... can be visualised with fluorescence microscopy by using aequorin as a reporter protein. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_concentration_microdomains
K-StrophanthidinK-Strophanthidin
"The effects of digitalis on intracellular calcium transients in mammalian working myocardium as detected with aequorin". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-Strophanthidin
Steven M. SmithSteven M. Smith
Knight, Marc R.; Campbell, Anthony K.; Smith, Steven M.; Trewavas, Anthony J. (8 August 1991). "Transgenic plant aequorin ... aequorin, to report calcium signalling in plants. Together they obtained funding, created the plants and showed that they could ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_M._Smith
Anthony TrewavasAnthony Trewavas
Knight, M. R.; Campbell, A. K.; Smith, S. M.; Trewavas, A. J. (1991). "Transgenic plant aequorin reports the effects of touch ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Trewavas
EF handEF hand
In addition, aequorin has been used for years as an indicator of Ca2+ and has been shown to be safe and well tolerated by cells ... Aequorin belongs to the EF-hand family of CaBPs, with EF-hand loops that are closely related to CaBPs in mammals. ... Aequorin is made up of two components - the calcium binding component apoaequorin (AQ) and the chemiluminescent molecule ... EPS15 homology (EH) domain - InterPro: IPR000261 Aequorin is a calcium binding protein (CaBP) isolated from the coelenterate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EF_hand
UR-AK49UR-AK49
"Determination of affinity and activity of ligands at the human neuropeptide Y Y4 receptor by flow cytometry and aequorin ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UR-AK49
Osamu ShimomuraOsamu Shimomura
In 1962, their work culminated in the discovery of the proteins aequorin and green fluorescent protein (GFP) in A. victoria; ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osamu_Shimomura
Pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1Pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1
"Determination of affinity and activity of ligands at the human neuropeptide Y Y4 receptor by flow cytometry and aequorin ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_polypeptide_receptor_1
CoelenterazineCoelenterazine
... including aequorin, and obelin. All these proteins catalyze the oxidation of this substance, an reaction catalogued EC 1.13. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coelenterazine
PGLOPGLO
It was through the study of aequorin that Shimomura discovered small amounts of GFP which glows green when aequorin emits blue ... After successfully discovering how GFP works with aequorin in the jellyfish, he set it aside to study bioluminescence in other ... Shimomura and his team isolated the protein aequorin from thousands of jellyfish until they gathered enough for a full analysis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PGLO
Renilla-luciferin 2-monooxygenaseRenilla-luciferin 2-monooxygenase
An example is the calcium-dependent photoprotein aequorin: while Rluc is in the AB hydrolase superfamily, aequorin is an EF ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renilla-luciferin_2-monooxygenase
Aequorin - WikipediaAequorin - Wikipedia
Chemical characterization of aequorin indicates the protein is somewhat resilient to harsh treatments. Aequorin is heat ... Shimomura O, Inouye S, Musicki B, Kishi Y (1990). "Recombinant aequorin and recombinant semi-synthetic aequorins. Cellular Ca2+ ... making aequorin suitable as a (Ca2+ reporter) in plants, fungi, and mammalian cells. Aequorin has a number of advantages over ... not aequorin, although both originally derived from the same animal. Apoaequorin, the protein portion of aequorin, is an ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aequorin
Rapid changes of mitochondrial Ca2+ revealed by specifically targeted recombinant aequorinRapid changes of mitochondrial Ca2+ revealed by specifically targeted recombinant aequorin
... Nature. 1992 Jul 23;358(6384):325-7. ... The possibility of targeting aequorin to cellular organelles not only offers a new and powerful method for studying aspects of ... The complementary DNA for the Ca2+ sensitive photoprotein aequorin was fused in frame with that encoding a mitochondrial ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1322496/?dopt=Abstract
Transgenic plant aequorin reports the effects of touch and cold-shock and elicitors on cytoplasmic calcium. - PubMed - NCBITransgenic plant aequorin reports the effects of touch and cold-shock and elicitors on cytoplasmic calcium. - PubMed - NCBI
Transgenic plant aequorin reports the effects of touch and cold-shock and elicitors on cytoplasmic calcium.. Knight MR1, ... Microinjected aequorin has been widely used for intracellular calcium measurement in animal cells, but its use in plants has ... Reconstituted aequorin is cytoplasmic and nonperturbing; measurements can be made on whole plants and a calcium indicator can ... Aequorin is a calcium-sensitive luminescent protein from the coelenterate Aequorea victoria (A. forskalea) which is formed from ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1865907?dopt=Abstract
The intracellular delivery of TAT-aequorin reveals calcium-mediated sensing of environmental and symbiotic signals by the...The intracellular delivery of TAT-aequorin reveals calcium-mediated sensing of environmental and symbiotic signals by the...
The intracellular delivery of TAT-aequorin reveals calcium-mediated sensing of environmental and symbiotic signals by the ... The intracellular delivery of TAT-aequorin reveals calcium-mediated sensing of environmental and symbiotic signals by the ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.12849/suppinfo
Cell lines expressing recombinant aequorin and a G-protein coupled receptor for functional screening ( INTRODUCTION ...Cell lines expressing recombinant aequorin and a G-protein coupled receptor for functional screening ( INTRODUCTION ...
... aequorin,and,a,G-protein,coupled,receptor,for,functional,screening,biological,advanced biology technology,biology laboratory ... For t he detection of antagonists, CHO-5HT2B- Gα16-aequorin cells were incubated with various concentrations of the compounds ... After reconstitution of active aequorin, the cells are diluted 10 times before use, and 50 μl of the dilution (i.e. 25 000 ... Button, D. and Brownstein, M. (1993) Aequorin-expressing mammalian cell lines used to report Ca2+ mobilization. Cell Calcium 14 ...
http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-technology/Cell-lines-expressing-recombinant-aequorin-and-a-G-protein-coupled-receptor-for-functional-screening-1376-1/
AID 632132 - Antagonist activity at rat MCHR1 expressed in HEK293 cells by aequorin bioluminescence assay - PubChemAID 632132 - Antagonist activity at rat MCHR1 expressed in HEK293 cells by aequorin bioluminescence assay - PubChem
Antagonist activity at rat MCHR1 expressed in HEK293 cells by aequorin bioluminescence assay. ...
https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioassay/632132
Ca2+ Measurements in Mammalian Cells with Aequorin-based ...Ca2+ Measurements in Mammalian Cells with Aequorin-based ...
Thanks to recombinant cDNAs expression, aequorin can be specifically targeted to various subcellular compartments, thus ... Aequorin is a Ca2+ sensitive photoprotein suitable to measure intracellular Ca2+ transients in mammalian cells. ... pH also affects aequorin luminescence at values below 7. For these reasons, experiments with aequorin need to be done in well- ... In this example protocol, Aequorin-wt and mitochondrial mutated aequorin (Asp119Ala) are used.. ...
https://bio-protocol.org/e2155
Altered Inotropic Responsiveness and Gene Expression of Hypertrophied Myocardium With Captopril | HypertensionAltered Inotropic Responsiveness and Gene Expression of Hypertrophied Myocardium With Captopril | Hypertension
Aequorin Studies. Aequorin was loaded into the muscle preparations by the macroinjection technique as previously described.16 ... After aequorin loading and equilibration, muscle preparations were exposed to concentrations of Ca2+ (0.6, 1.2, 2.5, and 5 mmol ... with the bioluminescent indicator aequorin) was prolonged, and abundance of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger mRNA levels increased in ...
http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/35/6/1203
Phospholipase C-β3 Is a Key Modulator of IL-8 Expression in Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cells | The Journal of...Phospholipase C-β3 Is a Key Modulator of IL-8 Expression in Cystic Fibrosis Bronchial Epithelial Cells | The Journal of...
Aequorin measurements. The probes used (cytAEQ, erAEQmut, and mtAEQ) are chimeric aequorins targeted to the cytosol, ... The aequorin luminescence data were calibrated off-line into [Ca2+] values, using a computer algorithm based on the Ca2+ ... All aequorin measurements were carried out in KRB supplemented with either 1 mM CaCl2 (cytAEQ and mtAEQ) or 100 μM EGTA ( ... E, cytosolic calcium concentration ([Ca2+]c) by native aequorin with the addition of histamine, [Ca2+]c: mock 1.65 ± 0.13 μM ...
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/186/8/4946
PDB 1sl8 structure summary ‹ Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) ‹ EMBL-EBIPDB 1sl8 structure summary ‹ Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) ‹ EMBL-EBI
... the crystal structures of calcium-loaded apo-aequorin and apo-obelin. ... Aequorin-1 Chain: A Molecule details › Chain: A. Length: 191 amino acids. Theoretical weight: 21.89 KDa. Source organism: ... All three Ca2+-binding loops of photoproteins bind calcium ions: the crystal structures of calcium-loaded apo-aequorin and apo- ...
http://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/pdb/1sl8
Cloning and expression of aequorin photoprotein using intein tag - ISMJCloning and expression of aequorin photoprotein using intein tag - ISMJ
Aequorin- INT hybrid protein expression confirmed using traditional methods.. Conclusion: The photoprotein aequorin constract ... Cloning and expression of aequorin photoprotein using intein tag Elah sadat Seyed Hosseini1, Mehdi Zeinoddini 2, Zeinoddini ... Materials and Methods: In this study, aequorin coding gene that was cloned in pET21-a in the previous studies, was cloned in ... In this study, aequorin photoprotein was hybridized with INT in molecular form and its expression was evaluated. ...
https://ismj.bpums.ac.ir/article-1-633-en.html
Aequorin-Containing Compositions and Methods of Using Same - Patent applicationAequorin-Containing Compositions and Methods of Using Same - Patent application
0050]Aequorin is taken up by hippocampal neurons. In a set of preliminary studies, aequorin was bilaterally injected directly ... Aequorin is not exported or secreted by cells, nor is it compartmentalized or sequestered within cells. Accordingly, aequorin ... 0016]Aequorin is a photoprotein originally isolated from luminescent jellyfish and other marine organisms. The aequorin complex ... 0019]The function of aequorin is distinguished by several characteristics: aequorin is non-toxic and does not interfere with ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20100152117
Amino Acid Sequence of the Calcium-Dependent Photoprotein Aequorin<...Amino Acid Sequence of the Calcium-Dependent Photoprotein Aequorin<...
Aequorin is homologous to troponin C and to calmodulin. These findings demonstrate that aequorin is a member of the Ca(II) ... Aequorin is homologous to troponin C and to calmodulin. These findings demonstrate that aequorin is a member of the Ca(II) ... Aequorin is homologous to troponin C and to calmodulin. These findings demonstrate that aequorin is a member of the Ca(II) ... Aequorin is homologous to troponin C and to calmodulin. These findings demonstrate that aequorin is a member of the Ca(II) ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/amino-acid-sequence-of-the-calcium-dependent-photoprotein-aequori
CHO-K1 Cells expressing GFP-AEQUORIN in Mitochondria and Galpha16-Angio-ProteomieCHO-K1 Cells expressing GFP-AEQUORIN in Mitochondria and Galpha16-Angio-Proteomie
CHO-K1 Cells expressing GFP-AEQUORIN in Mitochondria and Galpha16, High Quality-Price Ratio Products and Services. Quality ... Home Page > PRIMARY CELL > COMMON USED CELL LINES > CHO-K1 Cells expressing GFP-AEQUORIN in Mitochondria and Ga16 CHO-K1 Cells ... CHO-K1GFP-AEQ cells expressing the mitochondrially-targeted GFP-AEQUORIN protein and Galpha16 in cytoplasma. CHO-K1GFP-AEQ ... cells are first selected from puromycin resistance CHO0K1 cells infected with lentiviruses expressing GFP-AEQUORIN with ...
http://www.angioproteomie.com/commerce/ccp24227-cho-k1-cells-expressing-gfp-aequorin-in-mitochond-cap-0201gfp-aeq-ga16.htm
ER-mitochondria cross-talk is regulated by the Ca2+ sensor NCS1 and is impaired in Wolfram syndrome | Science SignalingER-mitochondria cross-talk is regulated by the Ca2+ sensor NCS1 and is impaired in Wolfram syndrome | Science Signaling
S1). We then measured the effect of WFS1 loss of function on Ca2+ flux using the ER-targeted aequorin (erAEQ; Fig. 2A) (19). ... Aequorin signals were measured in KRB supplemented with either 1 mM CaCl2 or 100 μM EGTA, using a purpose-built luminometer. ... S.P. and A.D. performed aequorin experiments. J.R. performed in situ PLA and mitochondrial content quantification. C.A.A. and J ... Subcellular calcium measurements in mammalian cells using jellyfish photoprotein aequorin-based probes. Nat. Protoc. 8, 2105- ...
https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/11/553/eaaq1380
Aequorin Mutants with Site-Specifically Incorporated Non-Natural Amino by Kristen Marie Grinstead"Aequorin Mutants with Site-Specifically Incorporated Non-Natural Amino" by Kristen Marie Grinstead
... several red-shifted aequorins, including the most red-shifted aequorin to date, with half-lives of up to 60 s were developed, ... Aequorin was also genetically linked to a VEGFA targeting molecule, a DARPin designated as MP0112, for the imaging of ... Aequorin is a well-characterized bioluminescent photoprotein that has found application in in vitro and in vivo studies. ... In order to increase the applications of aequorin, we have taken established methods that hijack the cellular machinery used to ...
https://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/1482/
Serca1 Truncated Proteins Unable to Pump Calcium Reduce the Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Concentration and Induce Apoptosis |...Serca1 Truncated Proteins Unable to Pump Calcium Reduce the Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Concentration and Induce Apoptosis |...
Aequorin Measurements. The aequorin chimera targeted to the ER (erAEQ) (Montero et al. 1995) was transfected alone (control) or ... 1995) Transfected aequorin in the measurement of cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c). A critical evaluation. J. Biol. Chem. ... For aequorin measurements, we cotransfected 0.5 μg erAEQ plus 1.5 μg of the construct of interest (or 0.7 μg of each in the ... All aequorin measurements were carried out in KRB and terminated by lysing the cells with 100 μM digitonin in a hypotonic Ca2+- ...
http://jcb.rupress.org/content/153/6/1301
JCI - Volume 77, Issue 3JCI - Volume 77, Issue 3
ADP [0.5 microM] produced a rise in [Cai2+] that was registered by both aequorin and quin2 in platelets in Ca2+-containing ... Cai2+] response to A23187 and thrombin was reduced by addition of EGTA to platelets loaded with either aequorin or quin2. With ... With epinephrine, a rise in [Cai2+] was indicated by aequorin, but not by quin2; [Cai2+] signals, aggregation, and secretion ... Platelet activation was better correlated with changes in [Cai2+] indicated by aequorin than with the response of quin2, ...
https://www.jci.org/77/3
Heterogeneous bioluminescence binding assay for an octapeptide using recombinant aequorin<...Heterogeneous bioluminescence binding assay for an octapeptide using recombinant aequorin<...
N2 - An assay was developed for an octapeptide by using recombinant aequorin as the label. Aequorin (AEQ) is a bioluminescent ... AB - An assay was developed for an octapeptide by using recombinant aequorin as the label. Aequorin (AEQ) is a bioluminescent ... An assay was developed for an octapeptide by using recombinant aequorin as the label. Aequorin (AEQ) is a bioluminescent ... abstract = "An assay was developed for an octapeptide by using recombinant aequorin as the label. Aequorin (AEQ) is a ...
https://miami.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/heterogeneous-bioluminescence-binding-assay-for-an-octapeptide-us
Measurement of stress-induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> pulses in single aequorin-transformed tobacco...Measurement of stress-induced Ca<sup>2+</sup> pulses in single aequorin-transformed tobacco...
Cessna, S. G., Messerli, M. A., Robinson, K. R., & Low, P. (2001). Measurement of stress-induced Ca2+ pulses in single aequorin ... Individual aequorin-transformed cells were isolated from a tobacco suspension culture and placed directly on a sensitive photo- ... Measurement of stress-induced Ca2+ pulses in single aequorin-transformed tobacco cells. In: Cell Calcium. 2001 ; Vol. 30, No. 3 ... Individual aequorin-transformed cells were isolated from a tobacco suspension culture and placed directly on a sensitive photo- ...
https://scholars.houstonmethodist.org/en/publications/measurement-of-stress-induced-casup2sup-pulses-in-single-aequorin
The effect of physiologically occurring cations upon aequorin light emission. Determination of the binding constantsThe effect of physiologically occurring cations upon aequorin light emission. Determination of the binding constants
2. The aequorin light emission in a medium simulating the in vivo cationic conditions for barnacle muscle fibres indicates that ... 1. The effect of K+, Na+, Mg2+ and pH upon the rate of aequorin utilization has been investigated in the presence of Ca2+. ... 7. The reaction schemes used for the explanation of these and other published results on aequorin (Moisescu, D.G., Ashley, C.C ... 10(-5) M. However, for free calcium concentrations lower than 10(-6) M, the intensity of light emitted by aequorin shows a ...
https://scholars.latrobe.edu.au/display/publication226512
Aequorin-based homogeneous cortisol immunoassay for analysis of saliva samples<...Aequorin-based homogeneous cortisol immunoassay for analysis of saliva samples<...
Aequorin-based homogeneous cortisol immunoassay for analysis of saliva samples. Laura Rowe, Sapna Deo, Josh Shofner, Mark Ensor ... Aequorin-based homogeneous cortisol immunoassay for analysis of saliva samples. / Rowe, Laura; Deo, Sapna; Shofner, Josh; Ensor ... Rowe, L., Deo, S., Shofner, J., Ensor, M., & Daunert, S. (2007). Aequorin-based homogeneous cortisol immunoassay for analysis ... Aequorin-based homogeneous cortisol immunoassay for analysis of saliva samples. Bioconjugate Chemistry. 2007 Nov 1;18(6):1772- ...
https://miami.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/aequorin-based-homogeneous-cortisol-immunoassay-for-analysis-of-s
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 but Not Growth Hormone Augments Mammalian Myocardial Contractility by Sensitizing the Myofilament...Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 but Not Growth Hormone Augments Mammalian Myocardial Contractility by Sensitizing the Myofilament...
Aequorin Loading. Aequorin loading was performed as described previously.6 Briefly, 3 to 5 μL of an aequorin-containing ... Triton X-100 to lyse the aequorin-loaded cells and expose all of the remaining aequorin to Ca2+. This resulted in an ... Aequorin light signals were recorded on a 4-channel recorder in parallel with the LV pressure and coronary perfusion pressure ... The heart was then positioned in a organ bath with the aequorin-loaded area of the LV directed toward the cathode of a ...
http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/83/1/50
The Importance of Technology Transfer | Better WorldThe Importance of Technology Transfer | Better World
Fluorescent proteins: Aequorin and Luciferase. University of Georgia Research Foundation. Bioluminescent animals possess ...
https://autm.net/about-tech-transfer/better-world-project/bwp-advanced-search/?aliaspath=%2FAbout-Tech-Transfer%2FBetter-World-Project%2FBWP-Advanced-Search
Protein-Based Ca2+ Indicators-Section 19.5 | Thermo Fisher Scientific - ARProtein-Based Ca2+ Indicators-Section 19.5 | Thermo Fisher Scientific - AR
Aequorin is not exported or secreted, nor is it compartmentalized or sequestered within cells; thus, aequorin measurements can ... Figure 19.5.8 Images of Ca2+ waves in gastrulating zebrafish embryos detected by microinjected f aequorin (recombinant aequorin ... Recombinant Aequorin. Conventional purification of aequorin from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria requires laborious extraction ... In several experimental systems, aequorins luminescence was detectable many hours to days after cell loading.. Aequorin also ...
https://www.thermofisher.com/ar/en/home/references/molecular-probes-the-handbook/indicators-for-ca2-mg2-zn2-and-other-metal-ions/aequorin-a-bioluminescent-ca2-indicator.html
Molecular identification of the insect adipokinetic hormone receptors | PNASMolecular identification of the insect adipokinetic hormone receptors | PNAS
mitochondrially targeted aequorin;. PCG.6,. CHO/G16 cell line stably transfected with the Drosophila AKH receptor DNA;. Scg-AKH ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/99/6/3446.abstract
The motilin pharmacophore in CHO cells expressing the human motilin receptorThe motilin pharmacophore in CHO cells expressing the human motilin receptor
We performed a structure-activity study with the human motilin receptor, which was recently cloned from thyroid tissue. N-terminal fragments, Ala-analogs of motilin, and motilides were tested in a cell line that expresses the cloned human motilin receptor and apoaequorin. Full potency to induce calc …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12054506/
Red-Shifted Aequorin Variants Incorporating Non-Canonical Amino Acids: by Kristen M. Grinstead, Laura Rowe et al."Red-Shifted Aequorin Variants Incorporating Non-Canonical Amino Acids:" by Kristen M. Grinstead, Laura Rowe et al.
The sensitivity of aequorin is due to the fact that bioluminescence is a rare phenomenon in nature and, therefore, it does not ... Aequorin is a non-toxic photoprotein that can be used as a sensitive marker for bioluminescence in vivo imaging. ... This is the first time that aequorin variants incorporating non-canonical amino acids have shown to be active in vivo and ... It is this reaction that endows aequorin with unique characteristics, making it ideally suited for a number of applications in ...
https://scholar.valpo.edu/chem_fac_pub/18/
Analysis and Effects of Cytosolic Free Calcium Increases in Response to Elicitors in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Cells | Plant...Analysis and Effects of Cytosolic Free Calcium Increases in Response to Elicitors in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Cells | Plant...
In reconstituted aequorin control cells, the bioluminescence emission during a complete discharge of aequorin (with excess Ca2+ ... First, we investigated the effects of exogenous H2O2 on [Ca2+]cyt using aequorin-expressing cells. The addition of H2O2 (10 mM ... Knight, M.R., Campbell, A.K., Smith, S.M., and Trewavas, A.J. (1991). Transgenic plant aequorin reports the effects of touch ... Sedbrook, J.C., Kronebusch, P.J., Borisy, G.G., Trewavas, A.J., and Masson, P.H. (1996). Transgenic aequorin reveals organ- ...
http://www.plantcell.org/content/14/10/2627?ijkey=a28d33e4f84f6eaa2d96d881e11ae3401b79321e&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
GFP-Aequorin Protein Sensor for Ex Vivo and In Vivo Imaging of Ca2+ Dynamics in High-Ca2+ OrganellesGFP-Aequorin Protein Sensor for Ex Vivo and In Vivo Imaging of Ca2+ Dynamics in High-Ca2+ Organelles
Here we describe a ratiometric low-affinity Ca2+ sensor of the GFP-aequorin protein (GAP) family optimized for measurements in ...
http://uvadoc.uva.es/handle/10324/35193
CoelenterazineJellyfishAequoreaCalciumGreen fluoresAssaysApoaequorinProtein aequorinMitochondrially-targetedQuincy BioscienceSensitive photoproteinBioluminescent photoproteinFluorescenceLuciferaseProteinsMeasurementsVivoIntracellularObelinConjugateAssay was developedCharacterizationTransientsClaim 4 whereinAmino acidsHomogeneousRegenerationCloningPapillaryLightReceptorCellsCellularSuccessfullyReactionWidelyCHEMISTRYFormMolecular
Coelenterazine18
  • Aequorin is a holoprotein composed of two distinct units, the apoprotein that is called apoaequorin, which has an approximate molecular weight of 21 kDa, and the prosthetic group coelenterazine, the luciferin. (wikipedia.org)
  • When coelenterazine is bound, it is called aequorin. (wikipedia.org)
  • The crystal structure revealed that aequorin binds coelenterazine and oxygen in the form of a peroxide, coelenterazine-2-hydroperoxide. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was later discovered that the apoprotein can stably bind coelenterazine and oxygen is required for the regeneration to the active form of aequorin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aequorin is a calcium-sensitive luminescent protein from the coelenterate Aequorea victoria (A. forskalea) which is formed from apoaequorin, a polypeptide of relative molecular mass approximately 22,000, and coelenterazine, a hydrophobic luminophore. (nih.gov)
  • 1993). In this system, cells are incubated with coelenterazine, which is the co-factor of aequorin. (bio-medicine.org)
  • During this incubation, coelenterazine enters the cell (it is lipophylic and readily crosses the cell membrane) and conjugates with apoaequorin to form aequorin, which is the active form of the enzyme. (bio-medicine.org)
  • This increase leads to the activation of the catalytic activity of aequorin, which oxidizes coelenterazine and yields apoaequorin, coelenteramide, CO 2 and light. (bio-medicine.org)
  • Cells expressing apoaequorin and a GPCR are detached from the culture plate (if they are adherent) and are incubated with coelenterazine to reconstitute active aequorin. (bio-medicine.org)
  • Reconstitution of an active recombinant aequorin in living cells is obtained by simple addition of coelenterazine into the medium. (bio-protocol.org)
  • By site-specifically incorporating the non-natural amino acids L-4-aminophenylalanine, L-4-bromophenylalanine, L-4-iodophenylalanine, and L-4-methoxyphenylalanine, into positions associated with the bioluminescence and charging them with analogs of coelenterazine, several red-shifted aequorins, including the most red-shifted aequorin to date, with half-lives of up to 60 s were developed, creating aequorin mutants suitable for multiplexing and for transparent and deep tissue imaging. (miami.edu)
  • Emission of bioluminescence in the blue-region of the spectrum by aequorin only occurs when calcium, and its luciferin coelenterazine, are bound to the protein and trigger a biochemical reaction that results in light generation. (valpo.edu)
  • Herein we report the site-specific incorporation of non-canonical or non-natural amino acids and several coelenterazine analogues, resulting in a catalog of 72 cysteine-free, aequorin variants which expand the potential applications of these photoproteins by providing several red-shifted mutants better suited to use in vivo . (valpo.edu)
  • In vivo studies in mouse models using the transparent tissue of the eye confirmed the activity of the aequorin variants incorporating L-4-iodophehylalanine and L-4-methoxyphenylalanine after injection into the eye and topical addition of coelenterazine. (valpo.edu)
  • Squid use coelenterazine and a luciferase called aequorin . (everything2.com)
  • Upon GPCR stimulation and subsequent calcium binding to the aequorin oxidation of coelenterazine leads to emission of light. (perkinelmer.com)
  • The apo-enzyme (apoaequorin) is a 21 kD protein, which requires a hydrophobic prosthetic group, coelenterazine, to be converted to aequorin,the active form of the enzyme. (perkinelmer.com)
  • When activated by calcium in the cell, this enzyme, called aequorin, reacts with another jellyfish compound called coelenterazine. (technologyreview.com)
Jellyfish8
  • Discussions of "jellyfish DNA" to make "glowing" animals often refer to transgenic animals that express the green fluorescent protein, not aequorin, although both originally derived from the same animal. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aequorin is a 21 kDa photoprotein isolated from jellyfish Aequorea victoria that emits blue light in the presence of Ca 2+ . (bio-protocol.org)
  • Aequorin (AEQ) is a bioluminescent protein found in the jellyfish (Aequorea victoria). (elsevier.com)
  • aequorin pairing that is used in jellyfish. (everything2.com)
  • In the 1960s and 1970s, GFP, along with the separate luminescent protein aequorin (an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of luciferin , releasing light), was first purified from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria and its properties studied by Osamu Shimomura . (wikipedia.org)
  • Aequorin, which comes from a species of jellyfish called Aequorea victoria, is a calcium-binding protein. (bio-medicine.org)
  • A reader asked what I've heard about this product, which contains aequorin (Aequorea victoria), a calcium-binding protein found in the jellyfish. (thecamreport.com)
  • Aequorin is a photo protein originating from the jellyfish Aequorea Victoria. (perkinelmer.com)
Aequorea5
  • Aequorin is a calcium-activated photoprotein isolated from the hydrozoan Aequorea victoria. (wikipedia.org)
  • Aequorin is presumably encoded in the genome of Aequorea. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Ca(II)-dependent photoprotein aequorin produces the luminescence of the marine coelenterate Aequorea victoria. (elsevier.com)
  • Rao, BDN, Kemple, MD & Prendergast, FG 1980, ' Proton nuclear magnetic resonance and fluorescence spectroscopic studies of segmental mobility in aequorin and a green fluorescent protein from aequorea forskalea ', Biophysical Journal , vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 630-632. (elsevier.com)
  • 英文摘要】 Two new aequorin genes--aeqxm and aeqxxm--were isolated from fellyfish Aequorea macrodactyla and A. parva respectively, which are commonly found in the warmer waters on the coastal region of East China Sea. (xmu.edu.cn)
Calcium18
  • Transgenic plant aequorin reports the effects of touch and cold-shock and elicitors on cytoplasmic calcium. (nih.gov)
  • Microinjected aequorin has been widely used for intracellular calcium measurement in animal cells, but its use in plants has been limited to exceptionally large cells. (nih.gov)
  • We show here that aequorin can be reconstituted in transformed plants and that it reports calcium changes induced by touch, cold-shock and fungal elicitors. (nih.gov)
  • Compositions containing aequorin and methods for their use in preventing and/or alleviating symptoms and disorders related to calcium imbalance are provided by the present invention. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • 4. A method for preventing or alleviating a symptom or disorder associated with calcium imbalance comprising administering to a subject in need of such treatment an effective amount of aequorin. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • In particular, this invention is directed to aequorin-containing pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compositions useful in preventing and/or alleviating diseases or symptoms associated with calcium imbalance. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • Using ER-targeted aequorin (erAEQ), we have found that S1T proteins reduce ER calcium and reverse elevation of ER calcium loading induced by SERCA1 and SERCA2b. (rupress.org)
  • 2. The aequorin light emission in a medium simulating the in vivo cationic conditions for barnacle muscle fibres indicates that two Ca2+ are apparently involved in this process for free calcium concentrations higher than approx. (edu.au)
  • 10(-5) M. However, for free calcium concentrations lower than 10(-6) M, the intensity of light emitted by aequorin shows a steeper dependency upon [Ca2+] than the square low relationship, indicating that a third Ca2+ should be involved in the process of aequorin light emission, as it has been previously predicted (Moisescu, D.G., Ashley, C.C. and Campbell, A.K. (1975) Biochim. (edu.au)
  • 8. Based on these parameters one can make accurate quantitative predictions for the aequoring light response under a variety of ionic conditions, and this suggests that it is possible to determine absolute free calcium concentrations providing that the ionic composition of the solutions is known, and that the relative rate of aequorin utilization is higher than 0.005. (edu.au)
  • Picosecond fluorescence relaxation spectroscopy of the calcium-discharged photoproteins aequorin and obelin. (wur.nl)
  • Aequorin emits blue light in a calcium dependent manner, while GFP emits green light when irradiated with light of 488 nm, which also led to its name. (news-medical.net)
  • The patent covers the use of aequorin-containing compounds for the purpose of preventing and alleviating symptoms and disorders related to calcium imbalance which include Alzheimer's disease. (bio-medicine.org)
  • Based on our ongoing research of aequorin in various health conditions and what we know about the role of calcium in the body, we expect aequorin to be a vital protein in many aspects of healthy aging. (bio-medicine.org)
  • Comparison of calcium mobilities using Aequorin, Fluo-3, and Fura-2 receptor-expressing cells. (hamamatsu.com)
  • A company called Quincy Bioscience sells a product containing aequorin (Prevagen) that it promotes as "the first supplement to address aging through the restoration of calcium-binding proteins. (thecamreport.com)
  • Aequorin and Photina cell lines - the alternative calcium flux assay. (perkinelmer.com)
  • Calcium-Sensitive Adenylyl Cyclase/Aequorin Chimeras as Sensitive Probes for Discrete Modes of Elevation of Cytosolic Calcium. (elsevier.com)
Green fluores4
  • In the animals, the protein occurs together with the green fluorescent protein to produce green light by resonant energy transfer, while aequorin by itself generates blue light. (wikipedia.org)
  • It was also noted during the extraction the animal creates green light due to the presence of the green fluorescent protein, which changes the native blue light of aequorin to green. (wikipedia.org)
  • aequorin and green fluorescent protein (GFP). (news-medical.net)
  • From this material, they isolated a blue luminescent protein called aequorin and a green fluorescent protein, commonly called GFP. (latimes.com)
Assays1
  • Aequorin-based Ca2+ assays represent a new paradigm in drug discovery research for cell-based assays for Ca2+-coupled GPCRs and ion channels. (perkinelmer.com)
Apoaequorin2
  • Apoaequorin, the protein portion of aequorin, is an ingredient in the dietary supplement Prevagen. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the aequorin assay, cells co-expressing apoaequorin and the target receptor are first incubated with the co-factor coelenterazinein order to reconstitute the activea equorin enzyme. (perkinelmer.com)
Protein aequorin3
  • The researchers named this protein aequorin. (princeton.edu)
  • We examined a BL-induced transient increase in cytosolic free Ca 2+ in leaves of transgenic A. thaliana of WT plants, phot1 and phot2 mutants, and phot1 phot2 double mutants expressing the Ca 2+ -sensitive luminescent protein aequorin. (pnas.org)
  • A. thaliana transformants expressing the Ca 2+ -sensitive luminescent protein aequorin were used to show that phot1 regulates a BL-induced transient increase in cytoplasmic Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] c ) in deetiolated seedlings ( 18 ). (pnas.org)
Mitochondrially-targeted1
  • CHO-K1GFP-AEQ cells expressing the mitochondrially-targeted GFP-AEQUORIN protein and Galpha16 in cytoplasma. (angioproteomie.com)
Quincy Bioscience1
  • Aequorin has proven to be neuroprotective in pre-clinical studies performed at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and has shown to be effective at improving aspects of cognition such as spatial working memory and executive function in human studies conducted by Quincy Bioscience. (bio-medicine.org)
Sensitive photoprotein3
  • The complementary DNA for the Ca2+ sensitive photoprotein aequorin was fused in frame with that encoding a mitochondrial presequence. (nih.gov)
  • Aequorin is a Ca 2+ sensitive photoprotein suitable to measure intracellular Ca 2+ transients in mammalian cells. (bio-protocol.org)
  • Methods: The [Ca2+]i transient was measured using the Ca2+-sensitive photoprotein aequorin, which was microinjected into 15 isolated left ventricular (LV) papillary muscles of mice. (elsevier.com)
Bioluminescent photoprotein2
  • Aequorin is a well-characterized bioluminescent photoprotein that has found application in in vitro and in vivo studies. (miami.edu)
  • In this article, we describe the development of a homogeneous assay for the hormone cortisol using the bioluminescent photoprotein aequorin as a reporter molecule. (elsevier.com)
Fluorescence1
  • [6] In A. victoria , GFP fluorescence occurs when aequorin interacts with Ca 2+ ions, inducing a blue glow. (wikipedia.org)
Luciferase1
  • Aequorin is the luciferase used by other marine animals, like squid, but GFP is not a luciferase. (everything2.com)
Proteins1
  • In order to increase the applications of aequorin, we have taken established methods that hijack the cellular machinery used to synthesize proteins to incorporate non-natural amino acids. (miami.edu)
Measurements3
  • One of the methods of choice (reviewed by Mottheakis and Ohler, 2000) for such measurements is the use of cell lines expressing a GPCR and aequorin, such as described by Sheu et al (1993) or Button et al. (bio-medicine.org)
  • By injecting the same cell suspension into each of the 96 wells, this method avoids the need to wash the dispenser(s) between each measurement and allows 96 measurements of agonist-induced aequorin light emission in 32 minutes with a single-dispenser luminometer. (bio-medicine.org)
  • Here we describe a ratiometric low-affinity Ca2+ sensor of the GFP-aequorin protein (GAP) family optimized for measurements in high-Ca2+ concentration environments. (uva.es)
Vivo5
  • Aequorin was also genetically linked to a VEGFA targeting molecule, a DARPin designated as MP0112, for the imaging of neovascularization in vivo using a wet age-related macular degeneration model in mice induced by laser exposure. (miami.edu)
  • Aequorin is a non-toxic photoprotein that can be used as a sensitive marker for bioluminescence in vivo imaging. (valpo.edu)
  • This is the first time that aequorin variants incorporating non-canonical amino acids have shown to be active in vivo and useful as reporters in bioluminescence imaging. (valpo.edu)
  • In this study, using Drosophila and taking advantage of an in vivo bioluminescence Ca 2+ -imaging technique in combination with genetic and pharmacological tools, first we show that the GFP-aequorin Ca 2+ sensor is sensitive enough to detect odor-induced responses of various durations. (biologists.org)
  • The UEC group has attempted to use mass spectrometry to elucidate the active center of aequorin bioluminescence, while the OU groups have mainly concerned elucidating the post-translational modification of Phosrestin, which is in fly photoreceptor cells undergoing light-induce reversible phosphorylation in vivo, and determining the in vivo phosphorylation site by mass spectrometry. (nii.ac.jp)
Intracellular2
  • Since the emitted light can be easily detected with a luminometer, aequorin has become a useful tool in molecular biology for the measurement of intracellular Ca2+ levels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thanks to recombinant cDNAs expression, aequorin can be specifically targeted to various subcellular compartments, thus allowing an accurate measurement of Ca 2+ uptake and release of different intracellular organelles. (bio-protocol.org)
Obelin1
  • 4. The method of claim 1 wherein said photoprotein labeled reagent comprises a photoprotein selected from the group consisting of aequorin, obelin, mitrocomin, clytin, and combinations thereof. (google.com)
Conjugate4
  • The properties of the octapeptide-aequorin conjugate were studied, and it was observed that the fusion protein retained the bioluminescence characteristics of native aequorin. (elsevier.com)
  • A cortisol derivative was chemically conjugated to the lysine residues of a genetically modified aequorin in order to prepare an aequorin-cortisol conjugate capable of binding anticortisol antibodies. (elsevier.com)
  • The binding of anticortisol antibodies to the aequorin-cortisol conjugate resulted in a linear response reflected in the emission of bioluminescence by aequorin. (elsevier.com)
  • A competitive binding assay was developed by simultaneously incubating the aequorin-cortisol conjugate, the anticortisol antibodies, and the sample containing free cortisol. (elsevier.com)
Assay was developed1
  • An assay was developed for an octapeptide by using recombinant aequorin as the label. (elsevier.com)
Characterization1
  • Chemical characterization of aequorin indicates the protein is somewhat resilient to harsh treatments. (wikipedia.org)
Transients1
  • The aequorin transients were abbreviated and demonstrated decreased amplitude. (ahajournals.org)
Claim 4 wherein3
  • 7. The method according to claim 4, wherein said effective amount of aequorin is provided in combination with an immune boosting agent, anti-inflammatory agent, anti-oxidant agent, anti-viral agent, or a mixture thereof. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • 8. The method according to claim 4 wherein said effective amount of aequorin is in a unit dosage form selected from the group consisting of a tablet, a capsule, a solution, a suspension, a syrup, a beverage, an oral or ophthalmic formulation and an injection. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
  • 5. The method of claim 4 wherein said photoprotein is aequorin. (google.com)
Amino acids2
  • Despite the many advantages of aequorin, its application has been limited by the finite number of canonical amino acids restricting the engineering of aequorin. (miami.edu)
  • Red-Shifted Aequorin Variants Incorporating Non-Canonical Amino Acids:" by Kristen M. Grinstead, Laura Rowe et al. (valpo.edu)
Homogeneous1
  • Although the aequorin preparations employed in these studies were homogeneous by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the presence of a minimum of 3 isotypes was demonstrated by the location of 17 sites of sequence microheterogeneity. (elsevier.com)
Regeneration1
  • This has also explained the need for a thiol reagent like beta mercaptoethanol in the regeneration of the protein since such reagents weaken the sulfhydryl bonds between cysteine residues, expediting the regeneration of the aequorin. (wikipedia.org)
Cloning1
  • Seyed Hosseini E S, Zeinoddini M, Fallah Z, Saeedinia A. Cloning and expression of aequorin photoprotein using intein tag. (ac.ir)
Papillary2
  • In the present study, GH and IGF-1 were administered to isolated isovolumic aequorin-loaded rat whole hearts and ferret papillary muscles. (ahajournals.org)
  • Conclusions: The h-L function tracks the magnitudes and time courses of CaTII more accurately than the m-E function in isolated aequorin-injected mouse LV papillary muscle. (elsevier.com)
Light3
  • The effect of physiologically occurring cations upon aequorin light emission. (edu.au)
  • 3. The inhibitory effect of physiologically occurring cations upon the aequorin light emission can be explained by the cooperative action of two cations, competing with Ca2+ for the reactive sites on aequorin. (edu.au)
  • 5. The experiments indicate a strong interaction between Na+ and K+ in this inhibitory process, since for a given total concentration of monovalent cations, a mixture containing both Na+ and K+ has a larger inhibitory effect on the aequorin light response than solutions containing either Na+ or K+ alone. (edu.au)
Receptor1
  • Cell lines expressing recombinant aequorin and a G-protein coupled receptor for functional screening ( INTRODUCTION Man. (bio-medicine.org)
Cells2
  • CHO-K1GFP-AEQ cells are first selected from puromycin resistance CHO0K1 cells infected with lentiviruses expressing GFP-AEQUORIN with mitochondria targeting signal sequence. (angioproteomie.com)
  • Individual aequorin-transformed cells were isolated from a tobacco suspension culture and placed directly on a sensitive photo-multiplier tube mounted in a dark chamber. (houstonmethodist.org)
Cellular1
  • The possibility of targeting aequorin to cellular organelles not only offers a new and powerful method for studying aspects of Ca2+ homeostasis that up to now could not be directly approached, but might also be used in the future as a tool to report in situ a variety of apparently unrelated phenomena of wide biological interest. (nih.gov)
Successfully2
  • The photoprotein aequorin was cloned into SapI/PstI restriction site of pTYB21 plasmid accurately and successfully. (ac.ir)
  • The L-4- azidophenylalanine substituted aequorin was successfully covalently linked to a fluorophore via the azide to alkyne click reaction for BRET. (miami.edu)
Reaction2
  • 7. The reaction schemes used for the explanation of these and other published results on aequorin (Moisescu, D.G., Ashley, C.C. and Campbell, A.K. (1975) Biochim. (edu.au)
  • It is this reaction that endows aequorin with unique characteristics, making it ideally suited for a number of applications in bioanalysis and imaging. (valpo.edu)
Widely1
  • Aequorin began to be widely used when the cDNA encoding the photoprotein was cloned, thus opening the way to recombinant expression. (bio-protocol.org)
CHEMISTRY1
  • An additional non-natural amino acid, L-4-azidophenylalanine, for bio-orthogonal linking via click chemistry was incorporated at position 69 of aequorin. (miami.edu)
Form1
  • In this study, aequorin photoprotein was hybridized with INT in molecular form and its expression was evaluated. (ac.ir)
Molecular1
  • The photoprotein aequorin constract in fused with INT confirmed by molecular methods. (ac.ir)
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Jellyfish - Wikipedia
Jellyfish - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Frontiers | Differential Suppression of Nicotiana benthamiana Innate Immune Responses by Transiently Expressed Pseudomonas...
Frontiers | Differential Suppression of Nicotiana benthamiana Innate Immune Responses by Transiently Expressed Pseudomonas... (frontiersin.org)
FDSS7000EX Functional Drug Screening System | Hamamatsu Photonics
FDSS7000EX Functional Drug Screening System | Hamamatsu Photonics (hamamatsu.com)
Neuropeptide Y NPY2 Aequoscreen cell line | PerkinElmer
Neuropeptide Y NPY2 Aequoscreen cell line | PerkinElmer (perkinelmer.com)