Adventitia. Medical search

Tissue that supports and binds other tissues. It consists of CONNECTIVE TISSUE CELLS embedded in a large amount of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.

Nutrient blood vessels which supply the walls of large arteries or veins.

The middle layer of blood vessel walls, composed principally of thin, cylindrical, smooth muscle cells and elastic tissue. It accounts for the bulk of the wall of most arteries. The smooth muscle cells are arranged in circular layers around the vessel, and the thickness of the coat varies with the size of the vessel.

The innermost layer of an artery or vein, made up of one layer of endothelial cells and supported by an internal elastic lamina.

Either of the two principal arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head and neck; each divides into two branches, the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery.

Connective tissue comprised chiefly of elastic fibers. Elastic fibers have two components: ELASTIN and MICROFIBRILS.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

The main trunk of the systemic arteries.

The outermost covering of organs, blood vessels, and other such structures in the body.

Arteries arising from the external carotid or the maxillary artery and distributing to the temporal region.

The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.

The veins and arteries of the HEART.

The aorta from the DIAPHRAGM to the bifurcation into the right and left common iliac arteries.

Damages to the CAROTID ARTERIES caused either by blunt force or penetrating trauma, such as CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; THORACIC INJURIES; and NECK INJURIES. Damaged carotid arteries can lead to CAROTID ARTERY THROMBOSIS; CAROTID-CAVERNOUS SINUS FISTULA; pseudoaneurysm formation; and INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION. (From Am J Forensic Med Pathol 1997, 18:251; J Trauma 1994, 37:473)

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. It differs from HYPERTROPHY, which is an increase in bulk without an increase in the number of cells.

The main artery of the thigh, a continuation of the external iliac artery.

Any of the tubular vessels conveying the blood (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins).

The application of a caustic substance, a hot instrument, an electric current, or other agent to control bleeding while removing or destroying tissue.

The two principal arteries supplying the structures of the head and neck. They ascend in the neck, one on each side, and at the level of the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, each divides into two branches, the external (CAROTID ARTERY, EXTERNAL) and internal (CAROTID ARTERY, INTERNAL) carotid arteries.

The new and thickened layer of scar tissue that forms on a PROSTHESIS, or as a result of vessel injury especially following ANGIOPLASTY or stent placement.

The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

The vessels carrying blood away from the capillary beds.

A group of cells that includes FIBROBLASTS, cartilage cells, ADIPOCYTES, smooth muscle cells, and bone cells.

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from the venom of fer-de-lance (Bothrops atrox). It is used as a plasma clotting agent for fibrinogen and for the detection of fibrinogen degradation products. The presence of heparin does not interfere with the clotting test. Hemocoagulase is a mixture containing batroxobin and factor X activator. EC 3.4.21.-.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.

Thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES of all sizes. There are many forms classified by the types of lesions and arteries involved, such as ATHEROSCLEROSIS with fatty lesions in the ARTERIAL INTIMA of medium and large muscular arteries.

INFLAMMATION of any ARTERIES.

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

A systemic autoimmune disorder that typically affects medium and large ARTERIES, usually leading to occlusive granulomatous vasculitis with transmural infiltrate containing multinucleated GIANT CELLS. The TEMPORAL ARTERY is commonly involved. This disorder appears primarily in people over the age of 50. Symptoms include FEVER; FATIGUE; HEADACHE; visual impairment; pain in the jaw and tongue; and aggravation of pain by cold temperatures. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed)

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

The artery formed by the union of the right and left vertebral arteries; it runs from the lower to the upper border of the pons, where it bifurcates into the two posterior cerebral arteries.

Either of two large arteries originating from the abdominal aorta; they supply blood to the pelvis, abdominal wall and legs.

Inflammation of the wall of the AORTA.

A thickening and loss of elasticity of the walls of ARTERIES that occurs with formation of ATHEROSCLEROTIC PLAQUES within the ARTERIAL INTIMA.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

Drugs used to cause constriction of the blood vessels.

A flavoprotein that reversibly oxidizes NADPH to NADP and a reduced acceptor. EC 1.6.99.1.

Non-striated, elongated, spindle-shaped cells found lining the digestive tract, uterus, and blood vessels. They are derived from specialized myoblasts (MYOBLASTS, SMOOTH MUSCLE).

Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.

The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.

Use of a balloon catheter for dilation of an occluded artery. It is used in treatment of arterial occlusive diseases, including renal artery stenosis and arterial occlusions in the leg. For the specific technique of BALLOON DILATION in coronary arteries, ANGIOPLASTY, BALLOON, CORONARY is available.

Veins in the neck which drain the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic or subclavian veins.

The arterial blood vessels supplying the CEREBRUM.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Inflammation of any one of the blood vessels, including the ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.

An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of the ABDOMINAL AORTA which gives rise to the visceral, the parietal, and the terminal (iliac) branches below the aortic hiatus at the diaphragm.

The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

A flavoprotein enzyme that catalyzes the univalent reduction of OXYGEN using NADPH as an electron donor to create SUPEROXIDE ANION. The enzyme is dependent on a variety of CYTOCHROMES. Defects in the production of superoxide ions by enzymes such as NADPH oxidase result in GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE, CHRONIC.

Obstruction of flow in biological or prosthetic vascular grafts.

Non-human animals, selected because of specific characteristics, for use in experimental research, teaching, or testing.

Colorless to yellow dye that is reducible to blue or black formazan crystals by certain cells; formerly used to distinguish between nonbacterial and bacterial diseases, the latter causing neutrophils to reduce the dye; used to confirm diagnosis of chronic granulomatous disease.

An octapeptide that is a potent but labile vasoconstrictor. It is produced from angiotensin I after the removal of two amino acids at the C-terminal by ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME. The amino acid in position 5 varies in different species. To block VASOCONSTRICTION and HYPERTENSION effect of angiotensin II, patients are often treated with ACE INHIBITORS or with ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR BLOCKERS.

Resistance and recovery from distortion of shape.

The introduction of functional (usually cloned) GENES into cells. A variety of techniques and naturally occurring processes are used for the gene transfer such as cell hybridization, LIPOSOMES or microcell-mediated gene transfer, ELECTROPORATION, chromosome-mediated gene transfer, TRANSFECTION, and GENETIC TRANSDUCTION. Gene transfer may result in genetically transformed cells and individual organisms.

A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.

Device constructed of either synthetic or biological material that is used for the repair of injured or diseased blood vessels.

The vein which drains the foot and leg.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Homopolymer of tetrafluoroethylene. Nonflammable, tough, inert plastic tubing or sheeting; used to line vessels, insulate, protect or lubricate apparatus; also as filter, coating for surgical implants or as prosthetic material. Synonyms: Fluoroflex; Fluoroplast; Ftoroplast; Halon; Polyfene; PTFE; Tetron.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

An abnormal balloon- or sac-like dilatation in the wall of AORTA.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or both (ATADENOVIRUS). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the cardiovascular system, processes, or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers and other electronic equipment.

A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

Filamentous proteins that are the main constituent of the thin filaments of muscle fibers. The filaments (known also as filamentous or F-actin) can be dissociated into their globular subunits; each subunit is composed of a single polypeptide 375 amino acids long. This is known as globular or G-actin. In conjunction with MYOSINS, actin is responsible for the contraction and relaxation of muscle.

Methods of preparing tissue for examination and study of the origin, structure, function, or pathology.

Pathological conditions involving the CAROTID ARTERIES, including the common, internal, and external carotid arteries. ATHEROSCLEROSIS and TRAUMA are relatively frequent causes of carotid artery pathology.

Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.

A class of protein components which can be found in several lipoproteins including HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; VERY-LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEINS; and CHYLOMICRONS. Synthesized in most organs, Apo E is important in the global transport of lipids and cholesterol throughout the body. Apo E is also a ligand for LDL receptors (RECEPTORS, LDL) that mediates the binding, internalization, and catabolism of lipoprotein particles in cells. There are several allelic isoforms (such as E2, E3, and E4). Deficiency or defects in Apo E are causes of HYPERLIPOPROTEINEMIA TYPE III.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.

A species of SWINE, in the family Suidae, comprising a number of subspecies including the domestic pig Sus scrofa domestica.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Tear or break of an organ, vessel or other soft part of the body, occurring in the absence of external force.

An intermediate filament protein found predominantly in smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle cells. Localized at the Z line. MW 50,000 to 55,000 is species dependent.

Nuclear antigen with a role in DNA synthesis, DNA repair, and cell cycle progression. PCNA is required for the coordinated synthesis of both leading and lagging strands at the replication fork during DNA replication. PCNA expression correlates with the proliferation activity of several malignant and non-malignant cell types.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A particular zone of tissue composed of a specialized microenvironment where stem cells are retained in a undifferentiated, self-renewable state.

The maximum stress a material subjected to a stretching load can withstand without tearing. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p2001)

Pathological processes involving any part of the AORTA.

Muscular contractions characterized by increase in tension without change in length.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

Pathological processes involving any of the BLOOD VESSELS in the cardiac or peripheral circulation. They include diseases of ARTERIES; VEINS; and rest of the vasculature system in the body.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Spasm of the large- or medium-sized coronary arteries.

A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

The condition of an anatomical structure's being constricted beyond normal dimensions.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A secreted endopeptidase homologous with INTERSTITIAL COLLAGENASE, but which possesses an additional fibronectin-like domain.

Aneurysm caused by a tear in the TUNICA INTIMA of a blood vessel leading to interstitial HEMORRHAGE, and splitting (dissecting) of the vessel wall, often involving the AORTA. Dissection between the intima and media causes luminal occlusion. Dissection at the media, or between the media and the outer adventitia causes aneurismal dilation.

An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.

Postmortem examination of the body.

ENDOPEPTIDASES which use a metal such as ZINC in the catalytic mechanism.

A free radical gas produced endogenously by a variety of mammalian cells, synthesized from ARGININE by NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE. Nitric oxide is one of the ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXING FACTORS released by the vascular endothelium and mediates VASODILATION. It also inhibits platelet aggregation, induces disaggregation of aggregated platelets, and inhibits platelet adhesion to the vascular endothelium. Nitric oxide activates cytosolic GUANYLATE CYCLASE and thus elevates intracellular levels of CYCLIC GMP.

A species of the genus MACACA which typically lives near the coast in tidal creeks and mangrove swamps primarily on the islands of the Malay peninsula.

A strain of Rattus norvegicus used as a normotensive control for the spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR).

Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.

A subtype of endothelin receptor found predominantly in the KIDNEY. It may play a role in reducing systemic ENDOTHELIN levels.

The development of new BLOOD VESSELS during the restoration of BLOOD CIRCULATION during the healing process.

Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron. In biological systems, they may be generated during the normal catalytic function of a number of enzymes and during the oxidation of hemoglobin to METHEMOGLOBIN. In living organisms, SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE protects the cell from the deleterious effects of superoxides.

A layer of epithelium that lines the heart, blood vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR), lymph vessels (ENDOTHELIUM, LYMPHATIC), and the serous cavities of the body.

A subtype of endothelin receptor found predominantly in the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE. It has a high affinity for ENDOTHELIN-1 and ENDOTHELIN-2.

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Enzymes that catalyze the degradation of collagen by acting on the peptide bonds.

Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.

Techniques used for determining the values of photometric parameters of light resulting from LUMINESCENCE.

Granulated cells that are found in almost all tissues, most abundantly in the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Like the BASOPHILS, mast cells contain large amounts of HISTAMINE and HEPARIN. Unlike basophils, mast cells normally remain in the tissues and do not circulate in the blood. Mast cells, derived from the bone marrow stem cells, are regulated by the STEM CELL FACTOR.

Transplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The degree to which BLOOD VESSELS are not blocked or obstructed.

An endopeptidase that is structurally similar to MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 2. It degrades GELATIN types I and V; COLLAGEN TYPE IV; and COLLAGEN TYPE V.

A pathologic process consisting of the proliferation of blood vessels in abnormal tissues or in abnormal positions.

A type of stress exerted uniformly in all directions. Its measure is the force exerted per unit area. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.

Pathologic deposition of calcium salts in tissues.

Pathological processes which result in the partial or complete obstruction of ARTERIES. They are characterized by greatly reduced or absence of blood flow through these vessels. They are also known as arterial insufficiency.

Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.

White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Narrowing or stricture of any part of the CAROTID ARTERIES, most often due to atherosclerotic plaque formation. Ulcerations may form in atherosclerotic plaques and induce THROMBUS formation. Platelet or cholesterol emboli may arise from stenotic carotid lesions and induce a TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; or temporary blindness (AMAUROSIS FUGAX). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp 822-3)

Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. The use of TISSUE SCAFFOLDING enables the generation of complex multi-layered tissues and tissue structures.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

Techniques and strategies which include the use of coding sequences and other conventional or radical means to transform or modify cells for the purpose of treating or reversing disease conditions.

Differentiation antigens residing on mammalian leukocytes. CD stands for cluster of differentiation, which refers to groups of monoclonal antibodies that show similar reactivity with certain subpopulations of antigens of a particular lineage or differentiation stage. The subpopulations of antigens are also known by the same CD designation.

Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

A meshwork-like substance found within the extracellular space and in association with the basement membrane of the cell surface. It promotes cellular proliferation and provides a supporting structure to which cells or cell lysates in culture dishes adhere.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Gene profile for differentiation of vascular adventitial myofibroblasts. (1/30)

Our previous study demonstrated that TGF-beta1 could induce the differentiation of vascular adventitial fibroblasts (AFs) to myofibroblasts (MFs). The aim of this study was to identify the genes which might be responsible for the cell phenotypic change using genechips. Cultured rat AFs were treated with TGF-beta1 (10 ng/ml) for 0 min, 5 min, 15 min, 2 h, 12 h and 24 h, respectively. Then the cells were gathered to prepare total RNA. We examined TGF-beta1-induced gene expression profiling using Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays and analyzed data by GCOS1.2 software. Moreover, expressional similarity was measured by hierarchical clustering. Some of genechip results were confirmed by real-time quantitative RT-PCR. Microarray analysis identified 2121 genes with a 2-fold change or above after TGF-beta1 stimulation. 1318 genes showed a greater than 2-fold increase and 761 genes were reduced 2 folds or more at mRNA levels, whereas a small portion of the total regulated genes (42 genes) displayed dynamically up- and down-regulated pattern. Genes were further segregated for early (peak at 5 min, 15 min and/or 2 h), late (peak at 12 h and/or 24 h), and sustained (2-fold change or above at five time points) temporal response groups according to the time of their peak expression level. Among 1318 up-regulated genes, 333 genes (25.3%) responded rapidly to TGF-beta1 and 159 genes (12.1%) responded in a sustained manner. Most genes (826, 62.6%) were regulated at 12 h or later. For the 761 down-regulated genes, numbers of early and late responsive genes were 335 (44%) and 267 (36.1%), respectively. There were also 159 genes, 19.9% of total down-regulated genes, decreased at five time points treated by TGF-beta1. The results suggested that the gene expressions of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (APP1) and Rho-associated coiled-coil forming kinase 2 (ROCK2) had the same trends as alpha-smooth muscle-actin, a marker of MF differentiation. In addition, the gene expression of potassium voltage-gated channel, Shal-related family and member 2 (KCND2) was up-regulated. Furthermore, it was found that endothelin 1 (EDN1), some complement components, NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 (NQO1) might be involved in MF differentiation. Using microarrary technique, we confirmed some genes that have been identified by other techniques were implicated in MF differentiation and observed new genes involved in this process. Our results suggest that gene expression profiling study is helpful in identifying genes and pathways potentially involved in cell differentiation. (+info)

Neovascularization of coronary tunica intima (DIT) is the cause of coronary atherosclerosis. Lipoproteins invade coronary intima via neovascularization from adventitial vasa vasorum, but not from the arterial lumen: a hypothesis. (2/30)

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Hypoxia induces unique proliferative response in adventitial fibroblasts by activating PDGFbeta receptor-JNK1 signalling. (3/30)

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Adventitial inversion with graft telescopic insertion for distal anastomosis in acute type a aortic dissection. (4/30)

PURPOSE: One current method of anastomosis in aortic dissection type A is the adventitial inversion technique. To improve hemostasis at the anastomotic site, we have developed a novel technique for distal anastomosis involving adventitial inversion employing graft telescopic insertion. METHODS: The adventitia was inverted into the aortic lumen and the anastomosis with a Dacron tube-graft was made in a telescopic method, covering the inverted adventitia. RESULTS: Five patients have undergone emergency ascending aortic replacement for aortic dissection by one surgeon using this technique. There have been no reoperations for bleeding or false aneurysm. CONCLUSION: Complete coverage of the inverted adventitia eliminated the potential risk of thrombus formation. Graft telescopic insertion lead to complete hemostasis. (+info)

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous delivery of tissue-engineered endothelial cells to the adventitia of stented arteries controls the response to vascular injury in a porcine model. (5/30)

(+info)

Fluid flow along venous adventitia in rabbits: is it a potential drainage system complementary to vascular circulations? (6/30)

(+info)

Dynamic T cell-APC interactions sustain chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis. (7/30)

(+info)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes promote rat vascular adventitial fibroblasts to transform into myofibroblasts by SM22-alpha expression. (8/30)

(+info)

... it is covered by adventitia. The connective tissue of the gallbladder is covered by adventitia where the gallbladder bounds the ... The adventitia (advɛnˈtɪʃə) is the outer layer of fibrous connective tissue surrounding an organ. The outer layer of connective ... In the abdomen, whether an organ is covered in adventitia or serosa depends upon whether it is peritoneal or retroperitoneal: ... the muscular layer is instead bounded by adventitia. The muscular layer of the duodenum is bounded by both tissue types. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventitia

... is known to prey on earthworms. In order to catch its prey, it follows a chemical trail given off by the ... Bipalium adventitium is believed to have been introduced in the last century to the United States from Asia. It is believed ... Bipalium adventitium is a land planarian in the subfamily Bipaliinae. It has been accidentally introduced in the United States ... Most adult individuals of B. adventitium are 5-8 cm (2.0-3.1 in) in length. The head is expanded and fan-shaped, being easily ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipalium_adventitium

Zhang, L; Li, Y; Chen, M; Su, X; Yi, D; Lu, P; Zhu, D (2014). "15-LO/15-HETE mediated vascular adventitia fibrosis via p38 MAPK ... rat PA adventitia fibroblasts; Baby hamster kidney cells; and diverse types of vascular endothelial cells. These growth- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15-Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic_acid

Two types of dowry were known-dos profectitia and dos adventitia. That dos is profectitia which was given by the father or ... All other dos is adventitia. Roman law also allowed for a species of dowry, called dos receptitia, which was given by some ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowry

The GI tract can be divided into four concentric layers in the following order: Mucosa Submucosa Muscular layer Adventitia or ... In addition, the oral cavity has adventitia. Approximately 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and 75% of ... Retroperitoneal parts are covered with adventitia. They blend into the surrounding tissue and are fixed in position. For ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_tract

The arteries that supply the ureters end in a network of vessels within the adventitia of the ureters. There are many ... The plexus is in the adventitia. These nerves travel in individual bundles and along small blood vessels to form the ureteric ... Beyond these layers sits an adventitia containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and veins. The ureters develop from the ... the ureteric plexus that lies in the adventitia of the ureters. This plexus is formed from a number of nerve roots directly (T9 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ureter

The serosa is present if the tissue is within the peritoneum, and the adventitia if the tissue is retroperitoneal. When viewed ... From the inner cavity of the gut (the lumen) outwards, these are: Mucosa Submucosa Muscular layer Serosa or adventitia The ... In between the two layers of muscle lies the myenteric plexus (also called Auerbach's plexus). The serosa/adventitia are the ... The outermost layer of the gastrointestinal wall consists of several layers of connective tissue and is either adventitia or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_wall

Other more muscular parts are lined with adventitia. The digestive system is supplied by the celiac artery. The celiac artery ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_digestive_system

... the tunica adventitia, composed of loose collagen fibers. Innervated by barometric nerve terminals, the aortic arch is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_arch

Also adventitia, which is the outermost layer of connective tissue that surrounds the hyaline cartilage, contributes to the ... Ohkimoto K, Mouri M, Amatsu M, Teraoka M (November 1997). "[Histological study of the tracheal adventitia, perichondrium and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachea

The vaginal wall has three layers: tunica mucosa, muscularis, adventitia. When prolapse occurs, smooth fibers of the muscularis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgical_mesh

2013-02-10). "The adventitia: essential regulator of vascular wall structure and function". Annual Review of Physiology. Annual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneously_hypertensive_rat

Opposite to outermost (the adventitia, serosa, or the cavity's wall). Parietal (from Latin paries 'wall'): pertaining to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatomical_terms_of_location

Plantae subspontaneae vel in tempore recentiore adventitiae. Första litteraturuppgift för Sveriges vildväxande kärlväxter jämte ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils_Hylander

The outer layer, the adventitia, is a thin dense layer of connective tissue and it blends with loose connective tissue ... is an outer layer of connective tissue called the adventitia. Some texts list four layers by counting the two sublayers of the ... comes from muscles in the pelvic floor that are attached to the adventitia around the vagina. The lamina propria is rich in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagina

As they proceed forward and in their course are joined by other capillaries, they grow larger and first take on an adventitia, ... Lymph vessels are lined by endothelial cells, and have a thin layer of smooth muscle, and adventitia that binds the lymph ... The outermost layer is the adventitia which consists of fibrous tissue. The general structure described here is seen only in ... The smallest vessels (lymphatic or lymph capillaries) lack both the muscular layer and the outer adventitia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphatic_vessel

Specimens of Bipalium adventitium are characterized by a single dark dorsal stripe. They were first discovered in the US in ... B. adventitium reproduces sexually and creates egg capsules, which hatch around 3 weeks post-deposition. The egg capsules have ... Juveniles of this species, unlike B. adventitium, do not appear the same coloration as parents in their early days. In 2014, ... Currently, four invasive species of Bipalium are known in the United States: B. adventitium, B. kewense, B. pennsylvanicum, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipalium

"Presence of angiotensin converting enzyme in the adventitia of large blood vessels". J. Hypertens. 10 (7): 615-620. doi:10.1097 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renin–angiotensin_system

... adventitia and associated adipose tissue". The International Medical Journal. 7: 43-49. Chaldakov GN, Stankulov IS, Aloe L ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Chaldakov

The outer layer is the tunica adventitia and the thickest layer in veins. It is entirely made of connective tissue. It also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_vessel

The outside of the bladder is protected by a serous membrane called adventitia. Vertical section of bladder wall Layers of the ... and an outer adventitia. The inner wall of the bladder is called urothelium, a type of transitional epithelium formed by three ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_bladder

Bipalium adventitium close up under a rock, North California, USA. Obama ladislavii from a garden in Porto Alegre, southern ... "Tracking and predation on earthworms by the invasive terrestrial planarian Bipalium adventitium (Tricladida, Platyhelminthes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoplanidae

... in describing the external coat or tunica adventitia of an artery, Gray says: "...consists mainly of fine and closely felted ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felted

May 2004). "Abundant progenitor cells in the adventitia contribute to atherosclerosis of vein grafts in ApoE-deficient mice". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stem_cell_marker

The tunica adventitia contains three zones, with the middle zone consisting of few smooth muscle fibers; this differs from the ... and the outermost and thickest layer is the tunica adventitia, composed of collagen and elastic connective tissue that allow ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_vena_cava

The pubovesical ligament is the continuation of the detrusor muscle and the adventitia surrounding the urinary bladder. It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pubovesical_ligament

... and adventitia. Atheroma and changes in the artery wall usually result in small aneurysms (enlargements) just large enough to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheroma

True diverticula involve all layers of the structure, including muscularis propria and adventitia, such as Meckel's ... do not involve muscular layers or adventitia. False diverticula, in the gastrointestinal tract for instance, involve only the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diverticulum

Like other structures of the gastrointestinal tract, the duodenum has a mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and adventitia. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum

Most AAA are true aneurysms that involve all three layers (tunica intima, tunica media and tunica adventitia). The prevalence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aortic_aneurysm

A new report shows coronary artery spasm is associated with inflammation of coronary adventitia and perivascular adipose tissue ... Coronary artery spasm, an important player in ischemic heart disease, is associated with inflammation of coronary adventitia ... Cite this: Coronary Spasm Linked to Inflamed Adventitia in Vasospastic Angina - Medscape - Feb 06, 2018. ...

http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/892325

In der Fr hphase der Erkrankung spielen pathogenetische Prozesse in pulmonalvaskul ren Fibroblasten der Adventitia vermutlich ... und deren Verwendung zur Analyse hypoxieinduzierter Regulation in humanen Fibroblasten der pulmonalvaskul ren Adventitia ...

http://geb.uni-giessen.de/geb/volltexte/2015/11761/index.html

Strikingly, staining skin sections uncovered that the absence of adventitia Macs was associated with a decrease of fibrillary ... Macrophage-fibroblast mutual crosstalk in skin adventitia maintains hypodermal integrity. Thursday, September 13, 2018. - ...

https://researchfestival.nih.gov/2018/posters/macrophage-fibroblast-mutual-crosstalk-skin-adventitia-maintains-hypodermal

Adventitia. Autonomic nerves located in the tunica adventitia have connections with these subendothelial structures via ... Within the adventitia, loose connective tissue surrounds autonomic nerve fibers, and all vessel wall structures are enclosed by ... A rete vasorum in the adventitia is permeable to large proteins, allowing ingress or exchange with the CSF in the subarachnoid ... Cerebrospinal fluid may nourish cerebral vessels through pathways in the adventitia that may be analogous to systemic vasa ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1922921-overview

Top PDF Vascular Adventitia Calcification and Its Underlying Mechanism. were compiled by 1Library PT ... Vascular Adventitia Calcification and Its Underlying Mechanism. Fibroblasts are the major cell type comprising the adventitia, ... Adventitia fibroblast migration to the intima is the main cause of new intima thickening and luminal stenosis [30]. In addition ... Finally, adventitia fibroblasts, in both physiological and pathological settings, produce reactive oxygen species(ROS), which ...

https://1library.org/title/vascular-adventitia-calcification-and-its-underlying-mechanism

Adventitia. The adventitia consists of several layers of epithelia. When the adventitia is facing the mesentery or peritoneal ... Adventitia or serosa Mucosa. The mucosa is the innermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract, surrounding the lumen, or space ... fold, the adventitia is covered by a mesothelium supported by a thin connective tissue layer, together forming a serosa, or ...

https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Gastrointestinal_tract.html

https://reference.medscape.com/article/1922921-overview

... and an external elastic lamina between tunica media and tunica adventitia ...

https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/histology-of-the-cvs-5060196/packs/7491258

Adventitia and serosaEdit. Main articles: Serous membrane and Adventitia. The outermost layer of the gastrointestinal tract ... In addition, the oral cavity has adventitia. Gene and protein expressionEdit. Approximately 20,000 protein coding genes are ... Retroperitoneal parts are covered with adventitia. They blend into the surrounding tissue and are fixed in position. For ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_gastrointestinal_tract

Outer layer (tunica adventitia): The outer layer anchors the aorta in place. It also connects to nearby nerves and tissue. ...

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/17058-aorta-anatomy

MeSH Terms: Adventitia/immunology; Animals; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/immunology*; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Migration Assays, ... Abstract: Recruitment of macrophage precursors to the adventitia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic ...

https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/portfolio/index.cfm?do=portfolio.publicationDetail&id=1986600

Adjacent arterioles showed reactive fibrinocellular edema in the adventitia and inflammatory infiltrate. The nonnecrotic areas ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/10/3/03-0878

Adventitia - The outermost layer of the esophagus is connective tissue. The tube is well supported, as the adventitia is ...

https://www.crossfit.com/essentials/the-gastrointestinal-system-the-esophagus

fibrous coat (tunica adventitia) * muscular coat (tunica muscularis) * mucous coat (tunica mucosa) ...

https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/List_of_subjects_in_Gray%27s_Anatomy%3A_XI._Splanchnology.html

tunica adventitia. The tunica adventitia is the outermost layer and consists of connective tissue and elastic fibers that ... The tunica adventitia contains sympathetic nerves and capillaries that supply blood to the vessel wall (11,12). ... In normal arteries, vasa vasorum from the adventitia grow into the media of large arteries and veins and actively regulate ...

https://www.onteenstoday.com/various-essays/which-layer-of-arterial-wall-is-responsible-for-maintaining-blood-pressure/

2001). After removal of the adventitia, the tunica media was digested with 3. mg. collagenase (Worthington Biochemical ...

https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/doi/full/10.1289/EHP806

The aortic wall has three layers, the tunica adventitia, tunica media, and tunica intima. The layers add strength to the aorta ...

https://www.medicinenet.com/abdominal_aortic_aneurysm/article.htm

Adv, adventitia; med, media. (F, G) Two color RNA-scope of Zeb2 (blue) and tdTomato (red) in Myh11CreERT2, ROSAtdT/+, ApoE−/− ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34990206/

Exposure of the bronchus should not involve stripping the bronchial surface of its adventitia. Aggressive dissection may ...

https://www.slideshare.net/salamppt/pulmonary-resection-40286122

After removing the adventitia, the vessels were cut into 2 to 3 mm rings and placed in Dulbeccos modified Eagles medium (DMEM ... Fat and adventitia were removed from samples before storing them in liquid nitrogen. ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/146985

These subadventitial dissections are prone to rupture through the adventitia, resulting in subarachnoid hemorrhage. In an ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/761451-overview

Die Entz ndung kann auch nur auf die Adventitia oder seltener auf die in der Adventitia gelegenen Vasa vasorum beschr nkt sein ... Typischerweise befindet sich eine Entz ndung am bergang zwischen Adventitia und Muscularis media (Abbildung 4). ...

https://www.aerzteblatt.de/archiv/138880/Diagnose-und-Therapie-der-Riesenzellarteriitis

An 18-month-old baby boy presented with vomiting and dysphagia was admitted to a peripheral hospital. The initial diagnosis was gastroenteritis, and he was treated accordingly. A routine SARS-CoV-2 test was positive, but he did not have any significant respiratory symptoms. However, 5 days after admission, he developed respiratory symptoms with coughing and crepitations audible in his chest and a chest X-ray was performed. This chest X-ray showed a foreign body lodged in the oesophagus, which was suggestive of a button battery with an anterior orientation of the negative pole and distention of the stomach with air (figure 1A,B). The mother was not aware of the ingestion but did recall an episode of choking shortly before admission. The battery was removed under anaesthesia with a rigid oesophagoscope. It was noted that oesophageal tissue adhered to the battery. After removal of the battery, the patient developed severe respiratory distress and abdominal distension. A repeat chest X-ray after ...

https://casereports.bmj.com/content/14/7/e244544

True or False: Capillaries have no smooth muscle/adventitia. Definition. True, they are made up of one layer of endothelial ...

https://www.flashcardmachine.com/advanced-medsurgexam1.html

Lamina propria, muscularis mucosae, submucosa, blood vessels, lymphatics, and adventitia (visceral peritoneum) ...

https://www.brainscape.com/flashcards/development-of-the-digestive-system-5457104/packs/8160703

Twigg, "Pseudostatic and dynamic nanomechanics of the tunica adventitia in elastic arteries using atomic force microscopy," ACS ...

https://www.thefreedictionary.com/elastic+arteries

There was a laminated clot between the tunicae media and tunica adventitia. (cdc.gov)
Tunica Adventitia, T. Media and T. Intima. (epainassist.com)

In normal-appearing arteries, platelet deposition was seen on the luminal side of the intima and on the adventitia. (jci.org)
A true aneurysm comprises the three layers of the wall of a blood vessel: intima, media and adventitia whereas a pseudoaneurysm contains no layer of the wall of the vessel. (scielo.cl)

Endothelial cells and nerve plexuses within the adventitia of blood vessels supplying reproductive tissues were also positive for NOS. (elsevier.com)

Hedgehog (Hh)-responsive cells, colocalize with a circumferential ring of Shh protein concentrated between the media and adventitia. (unc.edu)
The morphologic alterations in the media and adventitia may be long lasting and perhaps permanent in contrast to the more acute changes with gradual repair in the endothelium. (nih.gov)
Based on ECOC-DRF, the lumen border and the media-adventitia border in IVUS are robustly detected by means of a novel holistic approach, achieving an error comparable with inter-observer variability and with state of the art methods. (uab.es)
The number of CD3+ cells was equal to CD20+ cells in the media but fewer than CD20+ cells in the adventitia of IA cases. (bmj.com)
Characteristic purpura or eschars develop when proliferating microorganisms invade the adventitia and media of blood vessels, causing occlusion and ischemic necrosis. (logicalimages.com)

The location of PVAT, abutting the nearby adventitia of blood vessels without. (portlandpress.com)
This network forms an adventitia to the blood vessels, which enter the cortex via septa near the junction with the medulla. (wikipedia.org)

Far from the inert structural component that was the prevailing view for many years, the arterial adventitia is a region of active signaling that harbors Sca1+ vascular progenitor cells as well as many other cell types. (unc.edu)
however, there is growing evidence to suggest that cells of the adventitia may also play a role in the generation of atherosclerotic plaques. (hindawi.com)

Adventitia - The outermost layer of the esophagus is connective tissue. (crossfit.com)
The tunica adventitia is the outermost layer and consists of connective tissue and elastic fibers that provide the vessel's strength. (onteenstoday.com)
and an adventitia composed primarily of connective tissue enclosing the vasa vasorum and nervi vascularis. (mhmedical.com)
The outermost tunica adventitia is made up of connective tissue which vary in consistency and tissue type based on depth. (byui.edu)
Finally, the outer adventitia consists of areolar connective tissue that anchors the ductus deferens to the surrounding tissues so that it remains stationary throughout a person's lifetime and through countless waves of peristalsis. (anatomy-medicine.com)

In normal arteries, vasa vasorum from the adventitia grow into the media of large arteries and veins and actively regulate blood flow to the wall of these vessels. (onteenstoday.com)
However, vessels larger than this size must be sustained by a capillary network of vessels known as vasa vasorum within the tunica adventitia and tunica media layers. (byui.edu)

In der 2012 revidierten Fassung der CHCC-Nomenklatur wird die RZA als Gro gef vaskulitis definiert, die die Aorta und ihre gro en Arterien ste h ufiger als andere Vaskulitiden betrifft. (aerzteblatt.de)
The site of entrance for the inflammatory cells is the adventitia in the outer lining of the aorta, she pointed out. (the-rheumatologist.org)

Massive increase in collagen fibres deposition was detected in the lamina propria, muscle layer and adventitia. (scielo.cl)
In unsensitized animals, DC were localized primarily within the lamina propria of the trachea and bronchi, in the submucosa of the trachea and in the adventitia of the bronchi. (cdc.gov)
Challenge with OVA increased DC prevalence in the lamina propria and submucosa of the trachea and in the lamina propria and adventitia of the bronchi. (cdc.gov)
rozhran s luminem tvo lamina epithelialis mucosae ( 1a ) , jednovrstevn cylindrick epitel slo en p edev m z enterocyt (E) a poh rkov ch bun k (P) . D le jsou p tomny i bu ky enteroendokrinn , chom kov a M bu ky ( microfold cells). (histo-atlas.eu)

Abstract: Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is present in close proximity to the adventitia of the coronary arteries and the underlying myocardium, and functions as both endocrine organ and inflammatory tissue, secreting hormones, cytokines and chemokines. (nih.gov)
Furthermore, in experimentally-infected cadaveric arteries, our anti-VZV antibodies react only with VZV in infected adventitia, never with smooth muscles cells in the media. (neurology.org)
The arteries could only be released after freeing the adventitia by carefully scraping the adjacent bone with the tip of a hemostat. (jointdrs.org)

This is the case, for instance, for the two species found in the USA, Bipalium pennsylvanicum and Bipalium adventitium , which originate from Asia but were not reported from any Asian country. (scitechdaily.com)

6 The dissection plane can also lie between the tunica media and adventitia, resulting in expansion of the arterial wall and development of a false channel or lumen. (appliedradiology.com)
Recently, it was found that the adventitia of the arterial wall contains a large number of progenitor cells, which can differentiate into smooth muscle cells in vitro and in vivo. (ac.ke)

Strikingly, staining skin sections uncovered that the absence of adventitia Macs was associated with a decrease of fibrillary collagen into the hypodermis resulting in a hyperelastic skin phenotype. (nih.gov)
As blood vessels dilate a constant Young's modulus cannot capture the relative stiffening of the vessel wall due to the collagen fibers in the adventitia. (nih.gov)

Coronary artery spasm, an important player in ischemic heart disease, is associated with inflammation of coronary adventitia and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) in patients with vasospastic angina, a new study suggests. (medscape.com)
image: Micrographs (x200) of the (A.) outer airway wall, between the airway smooth muscle (ASM) layer and the airway adventitia (dashed line) showing adipose tissue and mucous glands and (B.) inner airway wall (submucosa), between the basement membrane and ASM layer (dashed line) in a case of fatal asthma stained with haematoxylin and eosin. (eurekalert.org)
MONDAY, Sept. 13, 2021 (HealthDay News) -- A no-touch technique for vein graft harvesting, in which the adventitia and perivascular tissue of the vein are kept intact, results in a lower rate of vein graft occlusion after coronary artery bypass grafting, according to a study published online Sept. 13 in Circulation . (doctorslounge.com)

The blood supply to the upper and mid portion of the ureter is from its medial ride and the pelvic ureter receives its blood supply mainly from the lateral side .The internal vessels anastomose freely with each other in the surrounding adventitia. (laparoscopyhospital.com)
For large vessels which cannot meet their metabolic demands from the blood which they themselves conduct, small vessels termed vaso vasorum branch through the tunica adventitia and oxygenate the large vessel's outer layers. (pathwaymedicine.org)

The tunica adventitia contains sympathetic nerves and capillaries that supply blood to the vessel wall (11,12). (onteenstoday.com)

Recruitment of macrophage precursors to the adventitia plays a key role in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs), but molecular mechanisms remain undefined. (nih.gov)

Physical damage, hypoxia, and inflammation can cause adventitia fibroblasts to differentiate into myofibroblasts, and this is mainly due to the actions of TGF-1. (1library.org)
In addition, myofibroblasts can secrete a variety of cytokines and growth factors, including TGF-ß1, MCP-1, interleukin (IL), endothelin-1 (ET-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), MMPs, and HADPH oxidase, which contribute to adventitia inflammation. (1library.org)

Tunica adventitia (tunica externa) is the outer layer of a blood vessel,… 2 Middle. (onteenstoday.com)
and an outer layer of adventitia. (anatomy-medicine.com)

The tunica externa ( New Latin "outer coat"), also known as the tunica adventitia (or adventitia for short), is the outermost tunica (layer) of a blood vessel , surrounding the tunica media . (ipfs.io)
An elastic layer known as the external elastic membrane divides the tunica media from the tunica adventitia. (byui.edu)
Cartilage layer, 4.Tunica adventitia. (cfuv.ru)

Incremento masivo en la disposición de las fibras colágenas fue detectada en la lámina propria, capa muscular y adventicia. (scielo.cl)

The tunica adventitia is extremely thin and devoid of an external elastic membrane. (byui.edu)

Inflammatory cell influxes were associated with increased relative volume of adventitia, largely due to increased extracellular space. (elsevier.com)

Fibroblasts are the major cell type comprising the adventitia , and they are activated in the pathological state. (1library.org)

The tube is well supported, as the adventitia is contiguous with other connective tissues that surround it along its course. (crossfit.com)

Large variety in adventitia descriptors difficulties its detection and motivates using a classification strategy for selecting points on the structure. (uab.es)

While a marked induction of C/EBPdelta protein was seen in smooth muscle layr or adventitia at the early phase (1-2 days after injury), PDGFalphaR protein was highly expressed in the neointima at the established phase (2-3 weeks after injury). (nii.ac.jp)
The same degree of relaxation was obtained on rings without adventitia when either one‐half of the ring, or a small spot was irradiated indicating that communication between smooth muscle cells spreads a signal from the area illuminated to the entire ring. (elsevier.com)

Invasion of the adventitia or the right ventricle, as documented in the present cases, is unusual. (ersjournals.com)
Surgical pathology confirmed well-differentiated VSCC with focal invasion through the muscularis propria into the adventitia. (eventscribe.net)

Anatomy40

Organisms15

Diseases29

Chemicals and Drugs33

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes27

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science1

Gene profile for differentiation of vascular adventitial myofibroblasts. (1/30)

Neovascularization of coronary tunica intima (DIT) is the cause of coronary atherosclerosis. Lipoproteins invade coronary intima via neovascularization from adventitial vasa vasorum, but not from the arterial lumen: a hypothesis. (2/30)

Hypoxia induces unique proliferative response in adventitial fibroblasts by activating PDGFbeta receptor-JNK1 signalling. (3/30)

Adventitial inversion with graft telescopic insertion for distal anastomosis in acute type a aortic dissection. (4/30)

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous delivery of tissue-engineered endothelial cells to the adventitia of stented arteries controls the response to vascular injury in a porcine model. (5/30)

Fluid flow along venous adventitia in rabbits: is it a potential drainage system complementary to vascular circulations? (6/30)

Dynamic T cell-APC interactions sustain chronic inflammation in atherosclerosis. (7/30)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes promote rat vascular adventitial fibroblasts to transform into myofibroblasts by SM22-alpha expression. (8/30)

Connective Tissue

Vasa Vasorum

Tunica Media

Tunica Intima

Carotid Arteries

Elastic Tissue

Muscle, Smooth, Vascular

Aorta

Adventitia

Temporal Arteries

Aorta, Thoracic

Coronary Vessels

Aorta, Abdominal

Carotid Artery Injuries

Hyperplasia

Femoral Artery

Blood Vessels

Cautery

Carotid Artery, Common

Neointima

Arteries

Immunohistochemistry

Veins

Connective Tissue Cells

Batroxobin

Endothelium, Vascular

Catheterization

Arteriosclerosis

Arteritis

Fibroblasts

Giant Cell Arteritis

Swine

Basilar Artery

Iliac Artery

Elastin

Aortitis

Atherosclerosis

Rabbits

Vasoconstriction

Vasoconstrictor Agents

NADPH Dehydrogenase

Myocytes, Smooth Muscle

Histocytochemistry

Pulmonary Artery

Angioplasty, Balloon

Jugular Veins

Cerebral Arteries

Disease Models, Animal

Vasculitis

Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal

Vasodilation

NADPH Oxidase

Graft Occlusion, Vascular

Models, Animal

Nitroblue Tetrazolium

Angiotensin II

Elasticity

Gene Transfer Techniques

Stress, Mechanical

Blood Vessel Prosthesis

Saphenous Vein

Dogs

Acridines

Cell Division

Polytetrafluoroethylene

RNA, Messenger

Aortic Aneurysm

Macrophages

Adenoviridae

Models, Cardiovascular

Collagen

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Actins

Histological Techniques

Carotid Artery Diseases

Coronary Artery Disease

Apolipoproteins E

beta-Galactosidase

Sus scrofa

Time Factors