Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors: Drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin.Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors: Drugs that inhibit the transport of neurotransmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. For many transmitters, uptake determines the time course of transmitter action so inhibiting uptake prolongs the activity of the transmitter. Blocking uptake may also deplete available transmitter stores. Many clinically important drugs are uptake inhibitors although the indirect reactions of the brain rather than the acute block of uptake itself is often responsible for the therapeutic effects.Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors: Drugs that block the transport of DOPAMINE into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. Most of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit dopamine uptake.Benztropine: A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.GABA Uptake Inhibitors: Compounds that suppress or block the plasma membrane transport of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID by GABA PLASMA MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS.Nomifensine: An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266)Zimeldine: One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)Nipecotic AcidsSerotonin Uptake Inhibitors: Compounds that specifically inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the brain.Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.Serotonin: A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.Cocaine: An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.Clomipramine: A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins: Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of dopaminergic neurons. They remove DOPAMINE from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE by high affinity reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS and are the target of DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITORS.Serotonin Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin or SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS.Tropanes: N-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes best known for the ones found in PLANTS.Mazindol: Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.Dopamine: One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.Protriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.Metergoline: A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.Pargyline: A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.Fenfluramine: A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.Quipazine: A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic.Amphetamines: Analogs or derivatives of AMPHETAMINE. Many are sympathomimetics and central nervous system stimulators causing excitation, vasopressin, bronchodilation, and to varying degrees, anorexia, analepsis, nasal decongestion, and some smooth muscle relaxation.Biogenic Monoamines: Biogenic amines having only one amine moiety. Included in this group are all natural monoamines formed by the enzymatic decarboxylation of natural amino acids.Fluvoxamine: A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.Paroxetine: A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.Dicarboxylic AcidsFluoxetine: The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Imipramine: The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins: Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of noradrenergic neurons. They remove NOREPINEPHRINE from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE by high affinity reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS. It regulates signal amplitude and duration at noradrenergic synapses and is the target of ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS.Membrane Transport Proteins: Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.Norepinephrine: Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Biological Transport: The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.Citalopram: A furancarbonitrile that is one of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from tardive dyskinesia in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate this condition.PiperazinesSerotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins: Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of serotonergic neurons. They are different than SEROTONIN RECEPTORS, which signal cellular responses to SEROTONIN. They remove SEROTONIN from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE by high affinity reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS. Regulates signal amplitude and duration at serotonergic synapses and is the site of action of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS.Dipyridamole: A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine: An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.Adenosine: A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.Microdialysis: A technique for measuring extracellular concentrations of substances in tissues, usually in vivo, by means of a small probe equipped with a semipermeable membrane. Substances may also be introduced into the extracellular space through the membrane.Receptors, Serotonin: Cell-surface proteins that bind SEROTONIN and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Several types of serotonin receptors have been recognized which differ in their pharmacology, molecular biology, and mode of action.2-Chloroadenosine: 2-Chloroadenosine. A metabolically stable analog of adenosine which acts as an adenosine receptor agonist. The compound has a potent effect on the peripheral and central nervous system.Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: A chemically heterogeneous group of drugs that have in common the ability to block oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. (From Gilman, et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p414)Tyramine: An indirect sympathomimetic. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals. Tyramine may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems.Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.Synaptosomes: Pinched-off nerve endings and their contents of vesicles and cytoplasm together with the attached subsynaptic area of the membrane of the post-synaptic cell. They are largely artificial structures produced by fractionation after selective centrifugation of nervous tissue homogenates.Endocannabinoids: Fatty acid derivatives that have specificity for CANNABINOID RECEPTORS. They are structurally distinct from CANNABINOIDS and were originally discovered as a group of endogenous CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AGONISTS.Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators: Compounds that interact with and modulate the activity of CANNABINOID RECEPTORS.Behavior, Animal: The observable response an animal makes to any situation.Polyunsaturated Alkamides: Amides composed of unsaturated aliphatic FATTY ACIDS linked with AMINES by an amide bond. They are most prominent in ASTERACEAE; PIPERACEAE; and RUTACEAE; and also found in ARISTOLOCHIACEAE; BRASSICACEAE; CONVOLVULACEAE; EUPHORBIACEAE; MENISPERMACEAE; POACEAE; and SOLANACEAE. They are recognized by their pungent taste and for causing numbing and salivation.Pyrrolidinesgamma-Aminobutyric Acid: The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.Xanthines: Purine bases found in body tissues and fluids and in some plants.Methamphetamine: A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.
Fas/CD95/Apo-I activates the acidic sphingomyelinase via caspases. (1/489)
Fas/CD95/Apo-I has been shown to stimulate a variety of molecules including several members of the caspase family and the acidic sphingomyelinase (Martin and Green 1995; Gulbins et al, 1995). Here, we demonstrate that Fas receptor-triggered activation of the acidic sphingomyelinase, consumption of sphingomyelin, release of ceramide, and subsequent activation of JNK and p38-K are regulated by caspases. Inhibition of caspases by Ac-YVAD-chloromethylketone or transient CrmA transfection prevented stimulation of acidic sphingomyelinase, release of ceramide and activation of JNK and p38-K upon Fas-receptor crosslinking. Likewise, Fas triggered apoptosis was almost completely blocked by Ac-YVAD-chloromethylketone or CrmA mediated inhibition of caspases. The results suggest a new signalling cascade from the Fas receptor via caspases to acidic sphingomyelinase, ceramide and JNK/p38-K. (+info)Effects of imipramine, an uptake inhibitor, on double-peaked constrictor responses to periarterial nerve stimulation in isolated, perfused canine splenic arteries. (2/489)
Using a cannula insertion method, periarterial nerve electrical stimulations were performed at 1 and 10 Hz in the isolated, perfused canine splenic artery. Electrical nerve stimulation readily caused double-peaked vasoconstrictions. The 1st-peak response at 1 Hz was not influenced by treatment with imipramine but the 2nd one was significantly enhanced by it. The 2nd-peak response was markedly blocked by prazosin. An additional treatment with alpha,beta-methylene ATP, a P2X-purinoceptor desensitizer, abolished electrical stimulation-induced vascular responses that remained. At 10 Hz, the responses to electrical stimulation were not significantly influenced by imipramine. On the other hand, the imipramine treatment inhibited the tyramine-induced vasoconstriction but potentiated the noradrenaline-induced one. ATP-induced responses were not modified by imipramine. From these results, it is concluded that 1) the 1st-peaked constriction is mainly due to a P2X-purinoceptor-dependent mechanism, 2) the 2nd one is mainly due to an alpha1-adrenoceptor-dependent mechanism, and 3) presynaptic uptake mechanisms may perform an important role in the regulation of vascular reactivity, especially at a low frequency. (+info)Transmembrane domain I contributes to the permeation pathway for serotonin and ions in the serotonin transporter. (3/489)
Mutation of a conserved Asp (D98) in the rat serotonin (5HT) transporter (rSERT) to Glu (D98E) led to decreased 5HT transport capacity, diminished coupling to extracellular Na+ and Cl-, and a selective loss of antagonist potencies (cocaine, imipramine, and citalopram but not paroxetine or mazindol) with no change in 5HT Km value. D98E, which extends the acidic side chain by one carbon, affected the rank-order potency of substrate analogs for inhibition of 5HT transport, selectively increasing the potency of two analogs with shorter alkylamine side chains, gramine, and dihydroxybenzylamine. D98E also increased the efficacy of gramine relative to 5HT for inducing substrate-activated currents in Xenopus laevis oocytes, but these currents were noticeably dependent on extracellular medium acidification. I-V profiles for substrate-independent and -dependent currents indicated that the mutation selectively impacts ion permeation coupled to 5HT occupancy. The ability of the D98E mutant to modulate selective aspects of substrate recognition, to perturb ion dependence as well as modify substrate-induced currents, suggests that transmembrane domain I plays a critical role in defining the permeation pathway of biogenic amine transporters. (+info)Diurnal variation in 5-HT1B autoreceptor function in the anterior hypothalamus in vivo: effect of chronic antidepressant drug treatment. (4/489)
1. Intracerebral microdialysis was used to examine the function of the terminal 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) autoreceptor in the anterior hypothalamus of anaesthetized rats at two points in the light phase of the light-dark cycle. 2. Infusion of the 5-HT1A/1B agonist 5-methoxy-3-(1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-4-pyridyl)-1H-indole (RU24969) 0.1, 1.0 and 10 microM through the microdialysis probe led to a concentration-dependent decrease (49, 56 and 65% respectively) in 5-HT output. The effect of RU24969 (1 and 5 microM) was prevented by concurrent infusion of methiothepin (1 and 10 microM) into the anterior hypothalamus via the microdialysis probe. Infusion of methiothepin alone (1.0 and 10 microM) increased (15 and 142% respectively) 5-HT output. 3. Infusion of RU24969 (5 microM) through the probe at mid-light and end-light resulted in a quantitatively greater decrease in 5-HT output at end-light compared with mid-light. 4. Following treatment with either paroxetine hydrochloride (10 mg kg(-1) i.p.) or desipramine hydrochloride (10 mg kg)(-1) i.p.) for 21 days the function of the terminal 5-HT1B autoreceptor was more markedly attenuated at end-light. 5. The data show that, as defined by the response to RU24969, the function of the 5-HT1B receptors that control 5-HT output in the anterior hypothalamus is attenuated following chronic desipramine or paroxetine treatment in a time-of-day-dependent manner. (+info)Endothelium is required in the vascular spasm induced by tetraethylammonium and endothelin-1 in guinea-pig aorta. (5/489)
1. To investigate the role of endothelium in vascular spasm, we studied the influence of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on the contracting and spasmogenic effect of the K+-channel blocker, tetraethylammonium (TEA), in aorta rings of reserpine-treated guinea-pigs, perfused with either control (5.5 mM) or elevated (50 mM) glucose concentration. 2. Endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine was lost in rings contracted by noradrenaline in the presence of elevated glucose. In control medium, TEA (1-20 mM) induced a sustained tonic contraction, followed by a phasic spasm, characterized by rhythmic contractions. Elevated glucose, ET-1 (3 nM), or both, reduced the EC50 of TEA-induced tonic contraction, without modifying the maximum contractile effect. 3. In control medium, ET-1 reduced the time before TEA-induced spasm and increased the rate of rhythmic contractions. TEA-induced spasm was abolished by elevated glucose, and restored by ET-1. The spasm induced by TEA and ET-1 was amplified by the ETA antagonist, EMD94246, and suppressed by the ET(A)-ET(B) antagonist, bosentan. In endothelium-denuded vessels incubated with high glucose and ET-1, TEA evoked only a tonic contraction. 4. In control medium, L-NAME (N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester) abolished TEA-induced rhythmic contractions. L-arginine, but not D-arginine, prevented the effect of L-NAME. In the presence of elevated glucose and ET-1, TEA-induced spasm was not affected by L-NAME, whereas verapamil, indomethacin, metyrapone, glybenclamide or apamin abolished the phasic spasm, unmasking the tonic contracture. 5. In conclusion, endothelium plays a regulatory role in the genesis and maintenance of TEA-induced rhythmic contractions, through the release endothelium derived relaxing factor and vasodilating eicosanoids. (+info)Neuronal uptake affects dynamic characteristics of heart rate response to sympathetic stimulation. (6/489)
Recently, studies in our laboratory involving the use of a Gaussian white noise technique demonstrated that the transfer function from sympathetic stimulation frequency to heart rate (HR) response showed dynamic characteristics of a second-order low-pass filter. However, determinants for the characteristics remain to be established. We examined the effect of an increase in mean sympathetic stimulation frequency and that of a blockade of the neuronal uptake mechanism on the transfer function in anesthetized rabbits. We found that increasing mean sympathetic stimulation frequency from 1 to 4 Hz significantly (P < 0.01) decreased the dynamic gain of the transfer function without affecting other parameters, such as the natural frequency, lag time, or damping coefficient. In contrast, the administration of desipramine (0.3 mg/kg iv), a neuronal uptake blocking agent, significantly (P < 0.01) decreased both the dynamic gain and the natural frequency and prolonged the lag time. These results suggest that the removal rate of norepinephrine at the neuroeffector junction, rather than the amount of available norepinephrine, plays an important role in determining the low-pass filter characteristics of the HR response to sympathetic stimulation. (+info)Decrease in hepatic CYP2C11 mRNA and increase in heme oxygenase activity after intracerebroventricular injection of bacterial endotoxin. (7/489)
We previously reported (Arch. Toxcol. 1998, 72, 492-498) that the differential decrease in the levels of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes in rats was observed 24 hr after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at the dose ineffective (0.1 microgram) when injected intraperitoneally (i.p.). Among CYP isozymes we examined, the male specific CYP isozyme, CYP2C11 was most severely affected by i.c.v. injection of LPS. In this study, we examined the gene expression of CYP2C11, the total P450 contents, the CYP2C11-dependent activity of imipramine N-demethylase (IMND) and protein of CYP2C11 10 hr after i.c.v. or i.p. injections of LPS. Intracerebroventricular injection of LPS significantly decreased the level of CYP2C11 mRNA (to 63% of saline i.c.v. control), the total P450 contents (to 70% of saline i.c.v. control), the IMND activity (to 74% of saline i.c.v. control), but not protein of CYP2C11 in rat liver. In contrast, i.p. injection of LPS at the same dose as i.c.v. did not significantly affect these parameters. Since CYP is a heme protein, we also measured the activity of heme oxygenase (HO) using the same rat liver microsomes. The HO activity was increased to 166% by i.c.v. injection of LPS and 135% by i.p. injection of LPS compared to corresponding saline control. It is suggested that i.c.v. injection of LPS down-regulates the expression of CYP2C11 at transcriptional level and that both the decrease in CYP2C11 mRNA and the increase in heme degradation may be involved in the decreased level of protein and activity of CYP2C11 by i.c.v. injection of LPS in rat liver. (+info)Activities of trovafloxacin compared with those of other fluoroquinolones against purified topoisomerases and gyrA and grlA mutants of Staphylococcus aureus. (8/489)
Frequencies of mutation to resistance with trovafloxacin and four other quinolones were determined with quinolone-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus RN4220 by a direct plating method. First-step mutants were selected less frequently with trovafloxacin (1.1 x 10(-10) at 2 to 4x the MIC) than with levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin (3.0 x 10(-7) to 3.0 x 10(-8) at 2 to 4x the MIC). Mutants with a change in GrlA (Ser80-->Phe or Tyr) were most commonly selected with trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, or pefloxacin. First-step mutants were difficult to select with sparfloxacin; however, second-step mutants with mutations in gyrA were easily selected when a preexisting mutation in grlA was present. Against 29 S. aureus clinical isolates with known mutations in gyrA and/or grlA, trovafloxacin was the most active quinolone tested (MIC at which 50% of isolates are inhibited [MIC(50)] and MIC(90), 1 and 4 microg/ml, respectively); in comparison, MIC(50)s and MIC(90)s were 32 and 128, 16 and 32, 8 and 32, and 128 and 256 microg/ml for ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, and pefloxacin, respectively. Strains with a mutation in grlA only were generally susceptible to all of the quinolones tested. For mutants with changes in both grlA and gyrA MICs were higher and were generally above the susceptibility breakpoint for ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, and pefloxacin. Addition of reserpine (20 microg/ml) lowered the MICs only of ciprofloxacin fourfold or more for 18 of 29 clinical strains. Topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase genes were cloned from S. aureus RN4220 and from two mutants with changes in GrlA (Ser80-->Phe and Glu84-->Lys). The enzymes were overexpressed in Escherichia coli GI724, purified, and used in DNA catalytic and cleavage assays that measured the relative potency of each quinolone. Trovafloxacin was at least five times more potent than ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, levofloxacin, or pefloxacin in stimulating topoisomerase IV-mediated DNA cleavage. While all of the quinolones were less potent in cleavage assays with the altered topoisomerase IV, trovafloxacin retained its greater potency relative to those of the other quinolones tested. The greater intrinsic potency of trovafloxacin against the lethal topoisomerase IV target in S. aureus contributes to its improved potency against clinical strains of S. aureus that are resistant to other quinolones. (+info)Dopamine reuptake inhibitor (en) , monoamine oxidase inhibitor (en) , adrenergic uptake inhibitors (en) , adrenergic agent (en) ...
Adrenergic uptake inhibitor. *Bietaserpine. *Deserpidine. *Methoserpidine. *Rescinnamine. *Reserpine. *Syrosingopine. Tyrosine ...
Adrenergic uptake inhibitor. *Bietaserpine. *Deserpidine. *Methoserpidine. *Rescinnamine. *Reserpine. *Syrosingopine. Tyrosine ...
Adrenergic uptake inhibitor. *Bietaserpine. *Deserpidine. *Methoserpidine. *Rescinnamine. *Reserpine. *Syrosingopine. Tyrosine ... Guanfacine is a highly selective agonist of the α2A adrenergic receptor, with negligible affinity for any other receptor.[11] ... Arnsten AF (October 2010), "The use of α2A adrenergic agonists for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder", ... Serotonin antagonists and reuptake inhibitors (e.g., etoperidone, hydroxynefazodone, lubazodone, mepiprazole, nefazodone, ...
Adrenergic uptake inhibitor. *Bietaserpine. *Deserpidine. *Methoserpidine. *Rescinnamine. *Reserpine. *Syrosingopine. Tyrosine ... beta-blockers, β-blockers, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, beta antagonists, beta-adrenergic antagonists, beta-adrenoreceptor ... β1-adrenergic receptors are located mainly in the heart and in the kidneys.[4] β2-adrenergic receptors are located mainly in ... "Beta-Adrenergic Blocker Poisoning" (PDF). Courses.ahc.umn.edu. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 3, 2016. Retrieved ...
... over norepinephrine and dopamine uptake) inhibitor of the reuptake of serotonin that was never marketed. It also has moderate ... affinity for the muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and weak/negligible affinity for the α1-adrenergic, 5-HT2A, D1, and D2 ... a Selective 5-Hydroxytryptamine Reuptake Inhibitor". Drug Development Research. 29 (3): 235-248. doi:10.1002/ddr.430290311. ...
... is a potent α2 adrenergic agonist. When xylazine and other α2 adrenergic receptor agonists are administered, they ... Xylazine appears to reduce sensitivity to insulin and glucose uptake in humans. Yohimbine has been used to decrease glucose ... Xylazine also serves as a transport inhibitor by suppressing norepinephrine transport function through competitive inhibition ... Xylazine is an analogue of clonidine and an agonist at the α2 class of adrenergic receptor. It is used for sedation, anesthesia ...
Two uptake mechanisms exist for terminating the action of adrenergic catecholamines - uptake 1 and uptake 2. Uptake 1 occurs at ... Inhibitors of these enzymes act as indirect agonists of adrenergic receptors as they prolong the action of catecholamines at ... the adrenergic receptors). Directly acting adrenergic agonists act on adrenergic receptors. All adrenergic receptors are G- ... Indirectly acting adrenergic agonists affect the uptake and storage mechanisms involved in adrenergic signalling. ...
Assays have shown that selective NRIs have insignificant penchant for mACh, α1 and α2 adrenergic, or H1 receptors. Agents with ... Active transport system regulates the uptake of tryptophan across the blood-brain barrier. Serotonergic pathways are classified ... SSNRIs are monoamine reuptake inhibitors; specifically, they are inhibitors of the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. ... SSNRIs, along with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs), are second- ...
... adrenergic uptake inhibitors MeSH D27.505.519.625.600.220 --- dopamine uptake inhibitors MeSH D27.505.519.625.600.850 --- ... adrenergic uptake inhibitors MeSH D27.505.696.577.600.220 --- dopamine uptake inhibitors MeSH D27.505.696.577.600.850 --- ... adrenergic beta-antagonists MeSH D27.505.519.625.050.601 --- adrenergic uptake inhibitors MeSH D27.505.519.625.120 --- ... adrenergic beta-antagonists MeSH D27.505.696.577.050.601 --- adrenergic uptake inhibitors MeSH D27.505.696.577.120 --- ...
... like acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Other treatments target the adrenergic system and have been shown to improve memory ... and inhibits norepinephrine uptake. The exact pathway is not yet understood but it has been shown that besipirdine does not ... Interest in besipirdine as a treatment for OAB was piqued by its known effects on the adrenergic system. In isolated studies, ... Besipirdine was originally suggested as a treatment for OCD due to its effects on the adrenergic and serotonergic systems. "In ...
2008). "In-vitro and in-vivo characterization of JNJ-7925476, a novel triple monoamine uptake inhibitor". European Journal of ... at functionally important adrenergic receptor sites in the brain. However, elation may be associated with an excess of such ... Wong, DT; Bymaster, FP (1978). "An inhibitor of dopamine uptake, LR5182, cis-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-n,n-dimethylaminomethyl- ... Wong DT, Bymaster FP, Engleman EA (1995). "Prozac (fluoxetine, Lilly 110140), the first selective serotonin uptake inhibitor ...
... a Potent Inhibitor of Monoamine Uptake: Biochemical and Behavioural Effects in Comparison with Nomifensine". Advances in ... Gasić, S; Korn, A; Eichler, HG (May 1986). "Effect of Diclofensine, a Novel Antidepressant, on Peripheral Adrenergic Function ... "Effects of Various Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors on Striatal Extracellular Dopamine Levels and Behaviours in Rats". European ... Is a stimulant drug which acts as a triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor, primarily inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine and ...
Nicotinic, imidazoline I1 and I2, α2-adrenergic, glutamate NMDAr, and serotonin 5-HT2A and 5HT-3 receptors. Ion channels. ... Agmatine specific-selective uptake sites, organic cation transporters (mostly OCT2 subtype), extraneuronal monoamine ... Agmatine is a precursor for polyamine synthesis, competitive inhibitor of polyamine transport, inducer of spermidine/spermine ... It is synthesized in the brain, stored in synaptic vesicles, accumulated by uptake, released by membrane depolarization, and ...
Schmidt AW, Hurt SD, Peroutka SJ (1989). "'[3H]quipazine' degradation products label 5-HT uptake sites". Eur. J. Pharmacol. 171 ... Bylund DB, Snyder SH (1976). "Beta adrenergic receptor binding in membrane preparations from mammalian brain". Mol. Pharmacol. ... 1996). "Interactions of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors with the serotonin 5-HT2c receptor". Psychopharmacology. 126 (3 ... concurrent use of nortriptyline with monoamine oxidase inhibitors does not pose a risk of serotonin syndrome, although there is ...
It acts as a 5-HT2A and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist and inhibits the reuptake and induces the release of serotonin, ... effects on uptake and retention of monoamines in rat brain synaptosomes". Psychopharmacology. 48 (3): 295-301. doi:10.1007/ ... dopamine, and norepinephrine to varying extents, and has been described as a serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (SARI ...
Plasminogen activator inhibitor is also increased following cocaine use, thereby promoting thrombosis. Similar to local ... Fareed, Fareed N.; Chan, Gar; Hoffman, Robert S. (2007-12-01). "Death temporally related to the use of a Beta adrenergic ... re-uptake transporters with equal affinity. Monoamines accumulate in the synaptic cleft resulting in enhanced and prolonged ... Cocaine-induced platelet activation and thrombus formation is another deleterious effect, caused by alpha-adrenergic- and ...
The relief of inhibition on Ca++-ATPase leads to faster Ca++ uptake into the sarcoplasmic reticulum, thereby contributing to ... The protein is an inhibitor of cardiac muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca++-ATPase (SERCA2) in the unphosphorylated state, but ... Thus, activators of PKA, such as the beta-adrenergic agonist epinephrine (released by sympathetic stimulation), may enhance the ...
Waldmeier PC, Baumann PA, Hauser K, Maitre L, Storni A (June 1982). "Oxaprotiline, a noradrenaline uptake inhibitor with an ... It has negligible affinity for the serotonin transporter, dopamine transporter, α2-adrenergic receptor, and muscarinic ... Dextroprotiline acts as a potent norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and H1 receptor antagonist, as well as a very weak α1- ... Oxaprotiline (developmental code name C 49-802 BDA), also known as hydroxymaprotiline, is a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor ...
Bupropion is a relatively weak inhibitor of the neuronal uptake of 29 norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine, and does not ... is an adrenergic reuptake inhibitor which increases wakefulness (generally less strongly than the medications which act on ... Destruction of noradrenergic neurons has produced hypersomnia in experimental animal studies, and injury to adrenergic neurons ...
... 's status as a serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitor at clinical doses in humans is uncertain. A PET imaging study ... Supporting atomoxetine's selectivity, a human study found no effects on platelet serotonin uptake (a marker of SERT inhibition ... but could be potentiated by NMDA or an α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist, suggesting a glutamatergic mechanism. In Sprague ... Concurrent treatment with a CYP2D6 inhibitor such as bupropion, fluoxetine, or paroxetine has been shown to increase plasma ...
It also inhibits of neuronal re-uptake of norepinephrine (Uptake-1). These activities increase cardiac output and increase ... It is not an α-adrenergic agonist, does not cause vasoconstriction, and is not a pressor agent. As of 2004 there was some ... It should not be used in people taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors, nor in people who have certain adrenal cancers, low ... It also inhibits of neuronal re-uptake of norepinephrine The most common adverse effects include fast heart beats and nausea. ...
Assays have shown that selective NRIs have insignificant penchant for mACh, α1 and α2 adrenergic, or H1 receptors.[22] ... Active transport system regulates the uptake of tryptophan across the blood-brain barrier. Serotonergic pathways are classified ... Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors[edit]. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) selectively inhibit the reuptake ... Monoamine reuptake inhibitor. References[edit]. *^ Cashman JR, Ghirmai S (October 2009). "Inhibition of serotonin and ...
It acts as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, and to a lesser extent as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Ciclazindol has no ... Oh VM, Ehsanullah RS, Leighton M, Kirby MJ (January 1979). "Influence of ciclazindol on monoamine uptake and CNS function in ... effects on the SERT, 5-HT receptors, mACh receptors, or α-adrenergic receptors, and has only weak affinity for the H1 receptor ...
Examples of medications are: ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers,[11] and calcineurin inhibitor immunosuppressants ... Beta2-adrenergic agonist acts on beta-2 receptor to drive potassium into the cells. Therefore, beta blockers can cause the rise ... Insulin increases the uptake of potassium into the cells. Therefore, insulin deficiency can cause hyperkalemia. In addition to ... Calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporine, tacrolimus, diazoxide, and minoxidil can cause hyperkalemia.[12] Box jellyfish ...
5-HT-uptake IC50(μM) DA-uptake IC50(μM) NA-uptake IC50(μM) ... an increase in adrenergic and dopaminergic neurotransmission.[1 ... 5-HT-uptake IC50(μM) DA-uptake IC50(μM) NA-uptake IC50(μM) ... A norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) is a drug ... Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors are used for clinical depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), ... Amphetamine and many of the other substituted amphetamines are inhibitors of VMAT2 and potent agonists of the trace amine- ...
Drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The ... Levomilnacipran is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and is indicated for the treatment of major depressive ... and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of ...
Adrenergic agonist (Alpha, Beta2) • Adrenergic antagonist (Alpha, Beta) • Adrenergic uptake inhibitor ... A adrenergic uptake inhibitor is a drug which blocks the reuptake of adrenergic neurotransmitters. ... Serotonin receptor agonist • Serotonin antagonist (5-HT3) • Serotonin uptake inhibitor (SSRI) ... Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Adrenergic_uptake_inhibitor&oldid=158678" ...
Maprotiline is a strong inhibitor of noradrenaline re-uptake in the brain and peripheral tissues, however it is worthy to note ... that it is a weak inhibitor of serotonergic uptake. In addition, it displays strong antihistaminic action (which may explain ... Maprotiline also has lower alpha adrenergic blocking activity than amitriptyline. Maprotylina Absorption Completely absorbed ...
Amitriptyline, a tertiary amine tricyclic antidepressant, is structurally related to both the skeletal muscle relaxant cyclobenzaprine and the thioxanthene antipsychotics such as thiothixene. It is extremely sedating, and thus improvement of sleep patterns can be the first benefit of treatment. Amitriptyline exhibits strong anticholinergic activity, cardiovascular effects including orthostatic hypotension, changes in heart rhythm and conduction, and a lowering of the seizure threshold. As with other antidepressants, several weeks of therapy may be required in order to realize the full clinical benefit of amitriptyline. Although not a labelled indication, amitriptyline is widely used in the management of chronic nonmalignant pain (e.g., post-herpetic neuralgia, fibromyalgia ...
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors. Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors. Membrane Transport Modulators. Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors. ...
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors. Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors. Membrane Transport Modulators. Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors. ...
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors. Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors. Membrane Transport Modulators. Molecular Mechanisms of ... Adrenergic Agents. Neurotransmitter Agents. Antipsychotic Agents. Tranquilizing Agents. Central Nervous System Depressants. ...
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors. Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors. Membrane Transport Modulators. Molecular Mechanisms of ...
The objectives are as follows: The objective is to assess the efficacy and safety of specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitors ( ... Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors. *Alternative Medicine/Therapies. *Analgesics. *Anti-Consultants. *Anti-Depressive Agents ... Riera, R.; & Rodriguez-Martin, J.L. Specific serotonin uptake inhibitors versus placebo or antidepressants for fibromyalgia. ( ... Currently available medication classes include the selective serotonin uptake inhibitors, the serotonin and norepinephrine ...
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / therapeutic use* * Adult * Cognitive Behavioral Therapy / methods* * Colonic Diseases, ...
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors / pharmacology * Animals * Anxiety / psychology * Behavior, Animal * Blood-Brain Barrier / ...
0 (Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors); 0 (Anti-Dyskinesia Agents); 0 (Antipsychotic Agents); 0 (Dopamine Antagonists); 56LH93261Y ( ... 0 (Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Agonists); 0 (Adrenergic beta-3 Receptor Antagonists); 0 (Enzyme Inhibitors); 0 (RNA, Messenger ... Pretreatment with itraconazole (ICZ, P-gp inhibitor, 50 mg/kg) for 30 min before oral administration of NDL (10 mg/kg) ... 0 (Adrenergic beta-1 Receptor Antagonists); 0 (Antihypertensive Agents); DRB57K47QC (Celiprolol); Y41JS2NL6U (Bisoprolol). ...
Adrenergic uptake inhibitor Serotonin reuptake inhibitors Dopamine antagonist Histamine antagonist amitriptyline (& ... Chemistry of re-uptake inhibitors The chemical action of re-uptake inhibitors in general was unknown for a long time. In August ... Understanding of their mode of action as re-uptake inhibitors and development of the serotonin theory of depression came in the ... Note: Other sources suggest that most of the tricyclics combine adrenergic and serotonergic effects to some degree. This is ...
Dopamine reuptake inhibitor (en) , monoamine oxidase inhibitor (en) , adrenergic uptake inhibitors (en) , adrenergic agent (en) ...
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors (adverse effects, pharmacology, therapeutic use) *Atomoxetine Hydrochloride. *Attention Deficit ... Atomoxetine is a specific, noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor that provides an effective treatment option for patients with ADHD ...
Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors (adverse effects, therapeutic use) *Atomoxetine Hydrochloride. *Attention Deficit Disorder with ... clinical responses to the selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine (ATX) vary. We sought to determine in ...
Most of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit dopamine uptake. MeSH. Drug Carriers (4) • Forms to which substances are ... DNA Gyrase Inhibitors (0) see Topoisomerase II Inhibitors. DNA Polymerase Inhibitors (0) see Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors ... Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors (22) • Drugs that block the transport of DOPAMINE into axon terminals or into storage vesicles ... DOPA Decarboxylase Inhibitors (0) see Aromatic Amino Acid Decarboxylase Inhibitors. Dopamine Agents (151) • Any drugs that are ...
Many of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit serotonin uptake; they are not included here. ... Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors. Compounds that specifically inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the brain. This increases the ... An MAO inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression. It also ... This monoamine oxidase inhibitor is effective in the treatment of major depression, dysthymic disorder, and atypical depression ...
Final publication URL Indexing Status Subject indexing assigned by CRD MeSH Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Adult; Attention ... The KCNH3 inhibitor ASP2905 shows potential in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. N-(4-fluorophenyl)-N ... The KCNH3 inhibitor ASP2905 shows potential in the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Full Text available ... phenyl-N"-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4,6-triamine [ASP2905] is a potent and selective inhibitor of the potassium ...
Napamezole, an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist and monoamine uptake inhibitor in vitro. M H Perrone, L T Hamel, R A ... In vivo assessment of napamezole, an alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist and monoamine re-uptake inhibitor. M H Perrone, D ... Prostaglandin synthesis elicited by adrenergic stimuli in rabbit aorta is mediated via alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptors ... Effect of a new Ca2(+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitor on GABA release in cerebrospinal fluid of the rat. N ...
Adolescent, Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors/*therapeutic use, Child, Child; Preschool, Drug Resistance, Enuresis/*drug therapy, ...
Norepinephrine-Reuptake Inhibitors, Antidepressants, Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors, Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic. CAS number ... Alpha-1A adrenergic receptor. This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a ... inhibitor. References:. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M ... inhibitor. References:. Roubert C, Cox PJ, Bruss M, Hamon M, Bonisch H, Giros B: Determination of residues in the ...
Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor,N RI]] / [[adrenergic uptake inhibitor,A RI]] , list2 = [[Atomoxetine]] • [[Maprotiline ... Neurotransmitter uptake inhibitor,RI]]s , list2 = {{Navbox subgroup , group1 = [[Serotonin uptake inhibitor,S RI]] , list1 = [[ ... Adrenergic antagonist,AA]]s , list4 = [[Tetracyclic antidepressant,Tetra]]s ([[Mianserin]], [[Mirtazapine]]) }} Templates ... Reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase A,RIMAs]]: Befloxatone • [[Brofaromine]] • Cimoxatone • [[Beta-carboline]]s ([[ ...
A propylamine derivative and selective ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITOR that is used in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT ... A methylphenidate derivative, DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITOR and CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT that is used in the treatment of ... A dextroamphetamine drug precursor that also functions as a CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT and DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITOR and ...
A adrenergic uptake inhibitor is a drug which blocks the reuptake of adrenergic neurotransmitters. ... Rescinnamine is an ... centrally acting/antiadrenergics: Clonidine • Guanfacine • Methyldopa • Moxonidine • Rilmenidine • adrenergic uptake inhibitor ... Alpha blockers (also called alpha-adrenergic blocking agents) constitute a variety of drugs which block α1-adrenergic ... An adrenergic is a drug, or other substance, which has effects similar to, or the same as, epinephrine (adrenaline). ... ...
RECEPTORSReceptorReuptake inhibitorsAgonistAntidepressive AgentsNorepinephrine reuptakeAgonistsAntidepressantsAntagonistSubstancesMonoamine oxidase iSerotonergicInhibitionEndogenousNitric oxide syStimulationAlpha adrenergicCholinergicMechanism of actNoradrenaline reuptakeAngiotensin-converHepatic glucoseDrugsClonidineBeta blockersIsoproterenolDiureticsSerotonin and dopamineGlucoseCalcium channelSympatheticSkeletal muscleNeurotransmitters
- It is believed that nortriptyline either inhibits the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin at the neuronal membrane or acts at beta-adrenergic receptors. (nextbio.com)
- In considering the cellular or organ-level responses to endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agents, both the number of adrenergic receptors present and the particular receptor subtype are important factors. (pharmacology2000.com)
- For example, the adrenergic receptor subtype associated with bronchiolar smooth muscle is principally β 2 and, in accord with the activity of isoproterenol (Isuprel) at β 2 receptors bronchodilation is the likely consequence of isoproterenol administration. (pharmacology2000.com)
- The net effect may be vasodilation (β 2 -receptor-mediated) since the β 2 adrenergic receptors are activated at lower catecholamine concentrations. (pharmacology2000.com)
- Terbutaline (Brethine™) is an example among beta-receptors as this agent shows relatively high specificity for the β 2 -adrenergic receptor. (pharmacology2000.com)
- Methylphenidate and atomoxetine enhance prefrontal function through α2-adrenergic and dopamine D1 receptors. (nih.gov)
- We investigated norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) uptake inhibition using human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells that express the respective human monoamine transporter, the drug-induced efflux of NE, DA, and 5-HT from monoamine-preloaded cells, and binding affinity to monoamine transporters and receptors. (nih.gov)
- Mechanistically, we provide evidence that β 3 -adrenergic receptors, which are preferentially expressed on a Hes5-expressing precursor population in the subgranular zone (SGZ), mediate this norepinephrine-dependent activation. (jneurosci.org)
- Finally, using a novel ex vivo "slice-sphere" assay that maintains an intact neurogenic niche, we demonstrate that antidepressants that selectively block the reuptake of norepinephrine, but not serotonin, robustly increase hippocampal precursor activity via β-adrenergic receptors. (jneurosci.org)
- These findings suggest that the activation of neurogenic precursors and stem cells via β 3 -adrenergic receptors could be a potent mechanism to increase neuronal production, providing a putative target for the development of novel antidepressants. (jneurosci.org)
- Levomilnacipran does not bind to any other receptors, ion channels, or transporters, including serotonergic (5HT1-7), α- and β adrenergic, muscarinic, or histaminergic receptors and Ca2+, Na+, K+ or Cl- channels to a significant degree. (drugbank.ca)
- Like corynanthine , it acts as a α 1 -adrenergic receptor antagonist with preferential actions over α 2 -adrenergic receptors , underlying its hypotensive rather than hypertensive effects. (thefullwiki.org)
- Note that many TCAs , TeCAs , antipsychotics , and ergolines , and some piperazines like buspirone , trazodone , nefazodone and etoperidone all antagonize α 1 -adrenergic receptors as well, which contributes to their side effects such as orthostatic hypotension . (thefullwiki.org)
- Note that many atypical antipsychotics and azapirones like buspirone and gepirone (via metabolite 1-PP ) antagonize α 2 -adrenergic receptors as well. (thefullwiki.org)
- Receptor binding experiments indicated that McN-5652 has a weak affinity for serotonin 5-HT2 and alpha-1 adrenergic receptors (apparent Ki approximately 200 nM) and a very low affinity for dopamine D1 and D2 receptors, serotonin 5-HT1, alpha-2 adrenergic, muscarinic and gamma-aminobutyric acid-A receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
- Beta blockers block the action of endogenous catecholamines epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline) on adrenergic beta receptors , of the sympathetic nervous system , which mediates the fight-or-flight response . (netlibrary.net)
- Some block all activation of β-adrenergic receptors and others are selective. (netlibrary.net)
- β 1 -adrenergic receptors are located mainly in the heart and in the kidneys. (netlibrary.net)
- β 2 -adrenergic receptors are located mainly in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, liver, uterus, vascular smooth muscle, and skeletal muscle. (netlibrary.net)
- β 3 -adrenergic receptors are located in fat cells. (netlibrary.net)
- These agents also commonly have action at α- adrenergic receptors and/or 5-HT receptors . (wikidoc.org)
- Alternative methods have been considered (MAO activity of platelets, platelet density of a2-adrenergic receptors, growth hormone release in response to clonidine), but results are still contaminated by noradrenergic activity at the periphery. (barnardhealth.us)
- Indeed, in animal studies, down-regulation of bl-adrenergic receptors only appears following 10-20 days of chronic treatment, a delay that corresponds to clinical observations. (barnardhealth.us)
- Not all antidepressants, however, induce desensitization of b-adrenergic receptors. (barnardhealth.us)
- Two clinically relevant beta-adrenergic agonists, dopamine (beta-1 agonist) and dobutamine (beta-1 and beta-2 agonist) were used to define the contribution of these two beta-receptors to beta-adrenergic stimulated fluid clearance from the air spaces of the lungs. (elsevier.com)
- Sympathetic stimulation activates glucose utilization in parallel with fatty acid oxidation and thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue (BAT) through the β-adrenergic receptors. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Napamezole, an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist and monoamine uptake inhibitor in vitro. (aspetjournals.org)
- However, with the addition of alpha-adrenergic receptor inhibitors, oxygen uptake decreased to values similar to those values obtained with isoproterenol. (conicet.gov.ar)
- Some agents exhibit much higher affinities for particular receptor subtype, so much so that they are defined as almost exclusively associated with that adrenergic subtype. (pharmacology2000.com)
- Among the most important and most widely used medications are thiazide diuretics , calcium channel blockers , ACE inhibitors , angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARBs), and beta blockers . (rug.nl)
- In the United States, the JNC8 (Eighth Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure) recommends thiazide-type diuretics to be one of the first-line drug treatments for hypertension, either as monotherapy or in combination with calcium channel blockers , ACE inhibitors , or angiotensin II receptor antagonists . (rug.nl)
- The 8th Joint National Committee (JNC-8) recommends calcium channel blockers to be a first-line treatment either as monotherapy or in combination with thiazide -type diuretics, ACE inhibitors , or angiotensin II receptor antagonists for all patients regardless of age or race. (rug.nl)
- However, ACE inhibitors (and angiotensin II receptor antagonists) should not be a first-line treatment for black hypertensives without chronic kidney disease . (rug.nl)
- Moreover, intrahippocampal injection of a selective β 3 -adrenergic receptor agonist in vivo increases the number of proliferating cells in the SGZ. (jneurosci.org)
- Similarly, systemic injection of the β-adrenergic receptor agonist isoproterenol not only results in enhancement of proliferation in the SGZ but also leads to an increase in the percentage of nestin/glial fibrillary acidic protein double-positive neural precursors in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
- clonidine is an adrenergic agonist on the α2 receptor , since this receptor is located presynaptically to inhibit further release of adrenaline and noradrenaline. (wikidoc.org)
- Beta blockers (β-blockers, beta-adrenergic blocking agents, beta antagonists, beta-adrenergic antagonists, beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists, or beta adrenergic receptor antagonists ) are a class of drugs that are particularly used for the management of cardiac arrhythmias , protecting the heart from a second heart attack ( myocardial infarction ) after a first heart attack (secondary prevention), and, in certain cases, hypertension . (netlibrary.net)
- Since the demonstration that most antidepressants decrease b1-adrenergic receptor transduction in the cerebral cortex of the rat, this parameter has generally been considered as a biochemical correlate of therapeutic activity. (barnardhealth.us)
- A reactivation of serotonin transmission, which can be obtained by some antidepressants such as SSRIs (specific serotonin re-uptake inhibitors), can hamper the development of b-adrenergic receptor desensitization even when noradrenergic transmission is also reactivated. (barnardhealth.us)
- Xylazine is an analogue of clonidine and an agonist at the α2 class of adrenergic receptor. (wikipedia.org)
- When xylazine and other α2 adrenergic receptor agonists are administered, they distribute throughout the body within 30 to 40 minutes. (wikipedia.org)
- Although it is well known that beta-adrenergic agonist stimulation increases alveolar epithelial sodium and fluid transport, it is not known whether the beta-1 or the beta-2 receptor mediates this effect. (elsevier.com)
- In summary, the beta-2 receptor mediates beta-adrenergic stimulation of alveolar epithelial sodium and fluid transport. (elsevier.com)
- The cellular events associated with sympathetic activation of BAT thermogenesis are the binding of norepinephrine (NE) released from sympathetic nerve terminal to β-adrenergic receptor, the activation of adenylate cyclase, and increased hydrolysis of triglyceride. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Drug therapy, for example, with serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), focuses on reducing key symptoms and improving quality of life. (unboundmedicine.com)
- To assess the efficacy, tolerability and safety of serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) compared with placebo or other active drug(s) in the treatment of fibromyalgia in adults. (unboundmedicine.com)
- viagra reflux Serotonin Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors SNRIs Ipek Komsuoglu Celikyurt. (viagrarx.fr)
- This action could be counteracted by alpha-adrenergic agonist effects. (conicet.gov.ar)
- Xylazine is a potent α2 adrenergic agonist. (wikipedia.org)
- Indeed, it has been reported that glucose utilization in BAT is markedly enhanced in parallel with heat production after cold exposure, sympathetic nerve stimulation, and β-adrenergic agonist administration in vivo ( 4 - 10 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- The tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. (drugbank.ca)
- Levomilnacipran is a serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor and is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). (drugbank.ca)
- Levomilnacipran is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. (drugbank.ca)
- MECHANISM OF ACTION - Duloxetine is a selective serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor SNRI. (viagrarx.fr)
- a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), is the first drug that is widely approved in Europe for treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women. (viagrarx.fr)
- There has been success when tic symptoms are co-morbid with ADHD, and as such, guanfacine and other alpha-2-adrenergic agonists ( clonidine ) are commonly the first choice for treatment. (thefullwiki.org)
- In rats, McN-5652 did not induce the stereotyped behavior often caused by dopamine agonists and inhibitors of dopamine uptake. (aspetjournals.org)
- The exact mechanism of action is not well understood, however it is generally thought that tricyclic antidepressants work by inhibiting the re-uptake of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine , dopamine , or serotonin by nerve cells . (bionity.com)
- Finally, the therapeutic efficacy of tricyclic drugs or monoamine oxidase inhibitors, usually considered as antidepressants , may result from their actions on the noradrenergic system. (barnardhealth.us)
- RG 12915: a potent 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 antagonist that is an orally effective inhibitor of cytotoxic drug-induced emesis in the ferret and dog. (aspetjournals.org)
- Panic attacks are induced by yohimbine, an a2-adrenergic antagonist that increases LC firing, in approximately 60-70% of patients with panic disorders. (barnardhealth.us)
- by expressing clustered TuD inhibitors harboring an individual reputation site for every of a complete of six miRNAs, we record powerful parallel suppression of multiple miRNAs by inhibitor RNA substances encoded by an individual manifestation cassette. (lecollege.org)
- DNA-encoded miRNA inhibitors, RNA substances indicated from plasmid or viral vector DNA, represent an interesting substitute that may present improved tissue-specificity and persistency of targeted miRNA treatment. (lecollege.org)
- It is not a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and it does not act primarily by stimulation of the central nervous system. (drugs.com)
- When it is desired to replace a monoamine oxidase inhibitor with amitriptyline hydrochloride, a minimum of 14 days should be allowed to elapse after the former is discontinued. (drugs.com)
- Maprotiline is a strong inhibitor of noradrenaline re-uptake in the brain and peripheral tissues, however it is worthy to note that it is a weak inhibitor of serotonergic uptake. (pharmacycode.com)
- Other sources suggest that most of the tricyclics combine adrenergic and serotonergic effects to some degree. (bionity.com)
- Amitriptyline inhibits the membrane pump mechanism responsible for uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in adrenergic and serotonergic neurons. (drugs.com)
- All of the cathinones were potent NE uptake inhibitors but differed in their DA vs. 5-HT transporter inhibition profiles and monoamine release effects. (nih.gov)
- the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake. (bireme.br)
- Xylazine also serves as a transport inhibitor by suppressing norepinephrine transport function through competitive inhibition of substrate transport. (wikipedia.org)
- 1999). On the other hand, the vasoprotective effect of perindopril might be explained on the basis that the RAS plays an important role in the elevation of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase and this can be effectively reversed upon perindopril treatment ( Ito et al . (ispub.com)
- 2014;19:536C544 Implications for Practice: Constitutive and transient endogenous inhibitors of STAT3 keep pathway homeostasis in the cell. (lecollege.org)
- Hepatic portal venous delivery of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor enhances net hepatic glucose uptake. (semanticscholar.org)
- Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. (nih.gov)
- Maprotiline also has lower alpha adrenergic blocking activity than amitriptyline. (pharmacycode.com)
- Duloxetine has no significant affinity for adrenergic, cholinergic, histaminergic. (viagrarx.fr)
- The unique mechanism of action of venlafaxine is to be a selective reuptake inhibitor of norepinephrine besides blockade of serotonin uptake ( Szot et al . (ispub.com)
- The present study investigates the effect of combination of the antidepressant venlafaxine (serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, SNRI) with the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril on the immobility time in the forced swimming test (FST) as well as on systolic blood pressure (SBP) in uninephroctemized DOCA salt-treated rats as a model of experimental hypertension. (ispub.com)
- Additionally, development of hypertension is one of the known complications of venlafaxine which is a serotonin/noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, SNRI. (ispub.com)
- ACE inhibitors inhibit the activity of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an enzyme responsible for the conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II, a potent vasoconstrictor . (rug.nl)
- Low-dose thiazides are more effective at treating hypertension than beta blockers and are similar to angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors . (bingj.com)
- A review of literature demonstrated important data concerning psychotropic effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors [ACEIs]. (ispub.com)
- PDF] Combined intraportal infusion of acetylcholine and adrenergic blockers augments net hepatic glucose uptake. (semanticscholar.org)
- Portal glucose delivery in the conscious dog augments net hepatic glucose uptake (NHGU). (semanticscholar.org)
- To investigate the possible role of altered autonomic nervous activity in the effect of portal glucose delivery, the effects of adrenergic blockade and acetylcholine (ACh) on hepatic glucose metabolism were examined in 42-h-fasted conscious dogs. (semanticscholar.org)
- Vagal cooling and concomitant portal norepinephrine infusion do not reduce net hepatic glucose uptake in conscious dogs. (semanticscholar.org)
- Insulin suppresses hepatic glucose production and regulates glucose uptake in muscle and fat through translocation of GLUT4 to the cell surface ( 12 , 13 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- Drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. (drugbank.ca)
- There are fixed-dose combination drugs , such as ACE inhibitor and thiazide combinations . (rug.nl)
- A systematic review of 63 trials with over 35,000 participants indicated ACE inhibitors significantly reduced doubling of serum creatinine levels compared to other drugs (ARBs, α blockers, β blockers, etc.), and the authors suggested this as a first line of defense. (rug.nl)
- On the basis of encouraging clinical as well as experimental data, the development of highly selective COX-2 inhibitors appears to be a sound strategy to develop a new generation of anti-inflammatory drugs. (justia.com)
- For example, xylazine and clonidine suppress uptake of MIBG, a norepinephrine analog, in neuroblastoma cells. (wikipedia.org)
- The AASK trial showed that ACE inhibitors are more effective at slowing down the decline of kidney function compared to calcium channel blockers and beta blockers . (rug.nl)
- Low-dose thiazides are tolerated as well as the other classes of diuretics, including ACE inhibitors , beta blockers and calcium channel blockers . (bingj.com)
- Our objective was to test an additional primary action of isoproterenol on tissue and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and to compare these effects with the effects of other adrenergic agents in the presence of adrenergic inhibitors. (conicet.gov.ar)
- Isoproterenol (0.01 to 100 nM) decreased the oxygen uptake by the heart slices in a dose-dependent manner. (conicet.gov.ar)
- Although clinical evidence shows calcium channel blockers and thiazide-type diuretics are preferred first-line treatments for most people (from both efficacy and cost points of view), an ACE inhibitor is recommended by NICE in the UK for those under 55 years old. (rug.nl)
- Results from the ALLHAT trial showed that thiazide -type diuretics and calcium channel blockers were both more effective as monotherapy in improving cardiovascular outcomes compared to ACE inhibitors for this subgroup. (rug.nl)
- McN-5652 is one of a series of substituted pyrrolo-isoquinolines that, as a group, potently inhibit the uptake of one or more of the monoamines, norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine. (aspetjournals.org)
- A negative arterial-portal venous glucose gradient decreases skeletal muscle glucose uptake. (semanticscholar.org)
- Xylazine appears to reduce sensitivity to insulin and glucose uptake in humans. (wikipedia.org)
- Moreover, the NE-induced 2-DG uptake into rat brown adipocyte primary culture is not suppressed by wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, which is indispensably involved in the signaling pathway for insulin-stimulated glucose transport ( 14 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- 13 ) reported that NE-induced glucose transport in mouse brown adipocytes was suppressed by a phosphatidyinositol 3-kinase inhibitor (LY294002), suggesting significant involvement of a same downstream signal transduction pathway stimulated by insulin. (diabetesjournals.org)
- However, the UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence recommends ACE inhibitor and calcium channel blockers for first-line treatment of hypertension in adults (CG127). (bingj.com)
- As an adrenergic agent, guanfacine's reduction of sympathetic arousal leads to relief on the hyperarousal, re-experiencing, and impulsivity associated with PTSD. (thefullwiki.org)
- For example, exposure of rats to a cold environment for several hours promptly increases 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake into BAT but not into WAT and skeletal muscle, while it decreases plasma insulin levels ( 8 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
- A adrenergic uptake inhibitor is a drug which blocks the reuptake of adrenergic neurotransmitters . (wikidoc.org)