Adrenergic receptor receptors catecholamine. Medical search

Little is still known however, concerning the nature of the putative bacterial adrenergic and/or dopaminergic receptor(s) to which catecholamines (norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine) may bind and exert their effects, or even whether the binding properties of such a receptor are similar between different species. (beds.ac.uk)
Following our recent report that phagocytic cells (neutrophils, PMNs, and macrophages) are newly discovered sources of catecholamines, we now show that both epinephrine and norepinephrine directly activate NFkappaB in macrophages, causing enhanced release of proinflammatory cytokines (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6). (biomedsearch.com)
Phagocytes isolated from adrenalectomized rats displayed enhanced expression of tyrosine-hydroxylase and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, two key enzymes for catecholamine production and exhibited higher baseline secretion of norepinephrine and epinephrine. (biomedsearch.com)
A common type being epinephrine, it acts by binding to adrenergic receptors. (prezi.com)
The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately 30-fold greater affinity than it does norepinephrine. (rcsb.org)
Supporting this concept are the observations that elevated catecholamine levels preceded the development of acute infectious disease episodes ( 12 ) and that levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE) were significantly higher in postoperative patients who developed severe sepsis than in those with uncomplicated recovery ( 11 ). (asm.org)
an agent that evokes responses similar to those produced by adrenergic nerve activity (for example, epinephrine, ephedrine, isoproterenol). (thefreedictionary.com)
Beta-blockers bind to beta-adrenoceptors, which inhibit normal sympathetic effects that act through the receptors norepinephrine and epinephrine. (uspharmacist.com)
This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately equal affinity. (uniprot.org)
Alternatively, it may refer to something which is susceptible to epinephrine, or similar substances, such as a biological receptor (specifically, the adrenergic receptors ). (rug.nl)
The adrenergic receptors (subtypes alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, and beta 2) are a prototypic family of guanine nucleotide binding regulatory protein-coupled receptors that mediate the physiological effects of the hormone epinephrine and the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. (genecards.org)

Inhibition of catecholamine activity has been found to decrease hypertension. (google.com)
Level of beta-adrenergic receptor kinase 1 inhibition determines degree of cardiac dysfunction after chronic pressure overload-induced heart failure. (duke.edu)
Alpha-2 adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced inhibition of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. (nih.gov)
The balance of inhibition and maintenance of β 1 -adrenergic signaling is predicted to depend on the specific β -blocker (with greater responsiveness for metoprolol than carvedilol) and β 1 -adrenergic receptor Arg389Gly polymorphisms. (aspetjournals.org)

Catecholamines, cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors, and heart failure. (duke.edu)
Rapid recovery of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors after isoproterenol-induced 'down'-regulation. (semanticscholar.org)

Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine-induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. (rcsb.org)
V1 vascular receptors mediate vasoconstriction and are located on vascular smooth muscle. (scribd.com)
In general, alpha receptors mediate excitation or increased activity of the effector cells. (washington.edu)
In general, beta receptors mediate relaxation or decreased activity of the effector cells. (washington.edu)
Cholinergic, receptors mediate the actions of acetylcholine (ACh). (washington.edu)

β receptors activate adenylate cyclase (via G s ), thus increasing the activity of PKA. (rug.nl)
Cholinergic activation of cardiac muscarinic receptors reduces heart rate and contractile activity due in part to the activation of the inhibitory G protein G i , which inhibits adenylate cyclase and the subsequent production of cAMP. (aspetjournals.org)
Because opiate receptors like muscarinic receptors are also coupled to adenylate cyclase through the inhibitory G protein G i , a coincident parallel direct effect of morphine could add significantly to that mediated indirectly through its activation of the vagus nerve. (aspetjournals.org)
Beta-adrenergic receptor number and adenylate cyclase function in denervated transplanted and cardiomyopathic human hearts. (semanticscholar.org)

G-protein receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) is 1 of 7 mammalian GRKs that phosphorylate ligand-bound 7-transmembrane receptors, causing receptor uncoupling from G proteins and potentially activating non-G-protein signaling pathways. (ahajournals.org)
1,2 Receptor phosphorylation by any of the 7 mammalian GRKs induces recruitment and binding of β-arrestin, which displaces bound G proteins and uncouples the receptor from downstream signaling effectors in a process termed "desensitization. (ahajournals.org)
Multiple mechanisms have been proposed, including desensitization of β-adrenergic receptor signaling ( 3 ), dysregulation of excitation-contraction coupling ( 4 , 5 ), alterations in cytoskeletal proteins ( 6 ), myosin isoform switches ( 7 ), and dysfunctional energy utilization ( 8 , 9 ), all topics covered elsewhere in this series. (jci.org)
Brown and beige fat cells express certain transcription factors, such as early B-cell factor 2 (EBF2), PR domain zinc finger protein 16 (PRDM16), interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and zinc finger protein 516 (ZFP516), that cooperate with the general adipogenic factors peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and the CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPs) to drive brown adipocyte differentiation and thermogenic gene programming. (nature.com)
In particular it is well known that: (a) levels of cathecolamines are directly correlated with mortality and functional status in heart failure, (b) β 1 -adrenergic receptor subtype is down-regulated in heart failure, (c) heart failure-dependent cardiac adrenergic responsiveness reduction is related to changes in G proteins activity. (frontiersin.org)
Desensitization in response to GRK-mediated phosphorylation involves the binding of arrestin proteins that serve to sterically uncouple the receptor from its G protein. (scielo.br)
These receptors are seven transmembrane-spanning proteins that respond to a wide variety of stimuli including light, odour, taste, hormones and neurotransmitters. (scielo.br)
Activation of a GPCR results in the modulation of intracellular second messenger levels and/or ionic conductances via the coupling of receptors to a wide variety of effector systems via heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins). (scielo.br)
Operating via heterotrimeric G proteins, adrenergic receptors constitute one of the most intensely studied classes of membrane proteins, whose expression and function are subject to regulation at many different levels, including transcriptional, posttranscriptional and posttranslational. (els.net)
Counterregulation by growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases and homologous desensitization by GRKs share many similarities in receptor phosphorylation, use of accessory proteins and sequestration of the receptors. (els.net)
Thus, one neurotransmitter molecule can interact with quite different receptor proteins, based on its molecular flexibility. (washington.edu)
Chemokines, a family of 8- to 10-kDa chemotactic cytokines, provide signals that guide leukocytes to their appropriate location in the body through transmembrane receptors coupled to heterotrimeric GTP-binding proteins under inflammatory or physiological conditions ( 2 , 31 ). (physiology.org)

55, 39 (1980), reviews compounds which inhibit catecholamine activity by interfering with adrenergic receptors. (google.com)
These agents are reversible competitive blockers of histamine at the H2 receptors, particularly those in the gastric parietal cells where they inhibit acid secretion. (medscape.com)
γ-aminobutyric acid and atrial natriuretic peptide inhibit vasopressin by α1-adrenoreceptors whereas the α2-adrenoreceptors and β-adrenergic receptors inhibit vasopressin and oxytocin release. (scribd.com)

Beta-arrestin-mediated beta1-adrenergic receptor transactivation of the EGFR confers cardioprotection. (duke.edu)

Novel oxotremorine-related heterocyclic derivatives: Synthesis and in vitro pharmacology at the muscarinic receptor subtypes. (nih.gov)
Potential contributions of other AR subtypes to the mechanism(s) of catecholamine action in the heart were largely ignored in early studies. (ahajournals.org)
Schematic of pathways activated by β-adrenergic receptor subtypes. (ahajournals.org)

3 βARK is one of a family of enzymes (G protein-coupled receptor kinases) that phosphorylate βARs and other G protein-coupled receptors after they have been stimulated, thus leading to their desensitization. (ahajournals.org)
G-protein receptor kinases (GRKs) function as "off switches" for the superfamily of G-protein coupled, 7-transmembrane spanning receptors (7TMR), members of which are activated by such diverse stimuli as photons, odorants, neurotransmitters, and cardio-active hormones. (ahajournals.org)
Counterregulation by growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases and homologous desensitization by GRKs both stimulate the sequestration of β2‐AR. (els.net)
Kohout TA and Lefkowitz RJ (2003) Regulation of G protein‐coupled receptor kinases and arrestins during receptor desensitization. (els.net)
Krupnick JG and Benovic JL (1998) The role of receptor kinases and receptors in G‐protein‐coupled receptor regulation. (els.net)

Adrenergic responsiveness is altered with aging and the age-related changes are limited to the β-adrenergic receptor density reduction and to the β-adrenoceptor-G-protein(s)-adenylyl cyclase system abnormalities, while the type and level of abnormalities change with species and tissues. (frontiersin.org)
Although these β 2 -AR-dependent signals may represent only a relatively minor component of catecholamine responsiveness under normal physiological conditions, β 2 -ARs assume increased importance as a mechanism for inotropic support in the failing or aged heart, where there is a selective downregulation of β 1 -ARs. (ahajournals.org)
While some studies indicate that β -blockers are efficacious by inhibiting β -adrenergic signaling, other studies suggest that they work by maintaining β -adrenergic responsiveness. (aspetjournals.org)

Gene ablation studies have been especially valuable in defining the essential functions of individual GRKs by generating phenotypes related to impaired desensitization of specific receptor types. (ahajournals.org)
Accordingly, deletion of retinal GRK1 caused persistence of visual signals, 5 GRK3 ablation affected sensing of odors, 6 GRK5 ablation produced an asthma-like phenotype and behavioral supersensitivity related to persistent cholinergic signaling, 7,8 and GRK6 ablation caused hypersensitivity to cocaine and amphetamines because of impaired desensitization of central nervous system dopamine receptors. (ahajournals.org)
β-Adrenergic desensitization is one pathophysiologically important alteration of the failing heart that contributes to contractile dysfunction and reduced exercise tolerance. (ahajournals.org)
GPCR sequestration, the endocytosis of receptors to endosomes, not only contributes to the temporal desensitization of GPCRs, but plays a critical role in GPCR resensitization. (scielo.br)
Receptor desensitization plays an important physiological role by preventing overstimulation of GPCR signaling cascades which in the case of constitutively active mutant receptors leads to diseases such as retinal degeneration, precocious puberty and thyroid tumors (2-4). (scielo.br)
Moreover, receptor desensitization provides a mechanism by which GPCR-mediated signals from multiple cellular or hormonal inputs can be filtered into meaningful information. (scielo.br)
Consequently, a firm understanding of how the processes of receptor activation, desensitization and resensitization are related to one another is critical to the development of strategies aimed at ameliorating GPCR-related diseases. (scielo.br)
A biochemical study of receptor internalization during beta-adrenergic receptor desensitization in frog erythrocytes. (semanticscholar.org)
High circulating catecholamine concentrations have been linked, via desensitization, to β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) dysfunction after CPB. (asahq.org)

An activated G protein-coupled receptor (human β-2 adrenergic receptor in blue ) in a complex with a heterotrimeric G protein (3 subunits:reddish to orange-brown) and hormone (gold) ( 3sn6 ), resolution 3.2Å. (proteopedia.org)

4 Currently, it is widely believed that these mechanisms protect the heart from the toxic effects of inotropic β-adrenergic support. (ahajournals.org)
This study examined the effects of the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatments, methylphenidate (MPH) and atomoxetine (ATM), on prefrontal cortex (PFC) function in monkeys and explored the receptor mechanisms underlying enhancement of PFC function at the behavioral and cellular levels. (nih.gov)
Discrete -adrenergic mechanisms regulate early and late erythropoiesis in erythropoietin-resistant anemia. (bireme.br)
We have shown previously that erythropoietin-dependent development is intact in burn patients and the erythropoietin-independent early commitment stage, which is regulated by 1/ 2-adrenergic mechanisms, is compromised. (bireme.br)
CONCLUSION: The study unfolds novel 2 and 3 adrenergic mechanisms orchestrating erythropoietin resistant anemia after burn, which impedes both the early commitment stage and the late maturation stages, respectively. (bireme.br)
In vivo studies have raised questions regarding the mechanisms involved in the adrenergic receptor alterations and the consequences of these alterations. (semanticscholar.org)
However, there are also other mechanisms of adrenergic agonism. (rug.nl)
Two uptake mechanisms exist for terminating the action of adrenergic catecholamines - uptake 1 and uptake 2. (rug.nl)
Other drugs affect the uptake and storage mechanisms of adrenergic catecholamines, prolonging their action. (rug.nl)
β -Adrenergic receptor blockers ( β -blockers) are commonly used to treat heart failure, but the biologic mechanisms governing their efficacy are still poorly understood. (aspetjournals.org)

The variation in beta receptor density distribution may be related to functional differences. (biomedsearch.com)
Important factors in the response of any cell or organ to sympathomimetic amines are the density and proportion of alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptors (3,4). (scielo.br)
In turn, increased THs increase the density of beta-adrenergic receptors, thereby enhancing the effect of catecholamines. (medscape.com)
However, in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), a polygenic model of long-term pressure overload-induced hypertrophy and failure, no decrease in β-adrenergic receptor density or affinity was found, 5 suggesting that other factors also may modulate sensitivity. (ahajournals.org)
Isoprenaline- and guanylylimidodiphosphate-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities and β-adrenergic receptor density were reduced, whereas the catalyst and G sα -function were unchanged. (ahajournals.org)
Contrary to expectations, morphine increased muscarinic receptor density in the right atrium and left ventricle by 17 and 34%, respectively, with no change in the apparent affinity of the receptor ( K D ). Morphine also increased the expression of the G protein G i α by 115 and 233%, respectively, in right atrial and left ventricular sarcolemmal membranes. (aspetjournals.org)
Measurement of intraoperative right atrial βAR density and adenylyl cyclase activity have served as good indices for gauging the effectiveness of various techniques in blunting catecholamine-mediated stress responses. (asahq.org)

Adrenergic receptors are cell‐surface receptors for two major catecholamine hormones and neurotransmitters that regulate key physiological responses, including cardiovascular and pulmonary functions. (els.net)
These prokaryotic sensors, or receptors, have a double function: stereospecific recognition in a complex environment and transduction of the message in order to initiate bacterial physiological modifications. (mdpi.com)

Like the highest-expressing lines of Liggett et al, the inotropic effect in these animals appeared to be due to the constitutive activity of the highly expanded pool of receptors and could not be reduced by conventional β-blockers such as propranolol. (ahajournals.org)

These animals still displayed markedly elevated cardiac contractility at 1 year of age and developed mild fibrosis late in life (≥1 year), 9 as would be expected from the dose-response curves for receptor expression now provided by Liggett et al. (ahajournals.org)
Augmentation of cardiac contractility mediated by the human beta(3)-adrenergic receptor overexpressed in the hearts of transgenic mice. (duke.edu)
Which adrenergic receptor causes increased HR and contractility? (studystack.com)
The β 1 -adrenergic receptor pathway has a dominant role in the regulation of heart contractility ( Saucerman and McCulloch, 2006 ). (aspetjournals.org)

Escherichia coli sensitivity to the neurohormones of the catecholamines family appears relayed by a recently identified bacterial adrenergic receptor. (mdpi.com)

Psychosocial stressors activate neuroendocrine pathways to release catecholamines, glucocorticoids, and cytokines. (jneurosci.org)
Oxotremorine and McN-A-343 activate these receptors somewhat selectively. (washington.edu)

Cholinergic receptors are receptive to what? (studystack.com)
Beta adrenergic and muscarinic cholinergic receptors in canine myocardium. (semanticscholar.org)
Autonomic receptors are broadly divided into those for ACh (cholinergic receptors) and those for catecholamines such as NE or EPI (adrenergic receptors or adrenoceptors). (washington.edu)
Cholinergic receptors were originally divided and named on the basis of sensitivity to alkaloids that mimicked some, but not all, of the actions of ACh. (washington.edu)
Thus, cholinergic receptors are broadly classified as muscarinic (mAChR) or nicotinic (nAChR). (washington.edu)

By this second component of the mechanism, the same stimulus directly acts on the carbonic anhydrase I isozyme (that might be functionally coupled with adrenergic receptors), so that its activation ensures an adequate pH for stimulus-receptor coupling for signal transduction into the cell, resulting in vasoconstriction. (scielo.br)
14 15 16 Although TG(m REN 2)27 rats are not in heart failure and might not represent all pathobiochemical alterations observed in this condition, it can be taken as valuable model to study drug effects on β-adrenergic signal transduction. (ahajournals.org)

Pressure overload ventricular hypertrophy is accompanied by dysfunctional β-adrenergic receptor signaling due to increased levels of the β-adrenergic receptor kinase-1, which phosphorylates and desensitizes β-adrenergic receptors. (duke.edu)
Distribution and function of human ventricular beta adrenergic receptors in congestive heart failure. (semanticscholar.org)
This study examined the characteristics and distribution of sarcolemmal and light vesicular beta-adrenergic receptors (BAR) in left ventricular myocardium from 15 adults (aged 17 to 58 years) without left ventricular dysfunction or coronary artery disease and 29 patients (aged 14 to 53 years) with end-stage congestive heart failure (CHF). (semanticscholar.org)
examined 2048 consecutive brain dead donors to study almost 1500 with a focus on four known and functional genetic polymorphisms of β-adrenergic receptors and determined their association with left ventricular function during the donor management period. (wiley.com)

GPCR down-regulation, a loss of the total cellular complement of receptors, is the consequence of both increased lysosomal degradation and decreased mRNA synthesis of GPCRs. (scielo.br)
Shenoy SK, McDonal PH, Kohout TA and Lefkowitz RJ (2001) Regulation of receptor fate by ubiquitination of activated beta2‐adrenergic receptor and beta‐arrestin. (els.net)
Regulation of the functions of different organs depends to a greater or lesser extent on alpha or beta receptors. (washington.edu)

GPCR engineering yields high-resolution structural insights into beta2-adrenergic receptor function. (proteopedia.org)
Activation of the beta2 receptor causes bronchodilation, which is relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscle, which allows the user to breathe easier. (mindandmuscle.net)

Vascular smooth muscle is an important site of alpha receptors. (washington.edu)

1988) Molecular cloning and expression of the cDNA for the hamster alpha 1‐adrenergic receptor. (els.net)

Additionally, β-arrestin targets receptors to clathrin-coated pits for endocytic internalization, resulting in receptor downregulation. (ahajournals.org)

Furthermore, it gives the first evidence of the presence of a local, non-neuronal production in the tendon tissue of signal substances normally seen in neurons, and a basis for these substances to affect the tenocytes as these cells also display muscarinic and adrenergic receptors. (diva-portal.org)

9 Strikingly, ablation of the gene for GRK2, also known as β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) kinase 1, 10 was unique in causing intrauterine heart failure and death. (ahajournals.org)
Moreover, repeated social defeat promotes a similar pattern of inflammation and β-adrenergic receptor-mediated-gene expression (e.g. (jneurosci.org)
10 11 A close relation between α- MHC and β-adrenergic receptor gene expression was found, and it has been suggested that these 2 genes may be coregulated. (ahajournals.org)

Affinity chromatography of digitonin-solubilized membranes yielded a 20,000-fold purified receptor which had conserved essentially all the pharmacological properties of the membrane-bound binding sites. (springer.com)
Pharmacological differentiation of alpha and beta receptors, and application of this technology to the treatment of disease, is an outstanding biomedical achievement. (washington.edu)

Norepinephrine (NE), also called noradrenaline (NA) or noradrenalin, is an organic chemical in the catecholamine family that functions in the brain and body as a hormone and neurotransmitter. (wikipedia.org)
SNS activity maintains vascular tone, and thus blood pressure, by maintaining a tone of neurotransmitter on vascular alpha receptors. (washington.edu)

It is suggested that HC increases the affinity of the catecholamine or possibly its p-hydroxy analog for the adrenergic receptor by modifying the interaction of the p -hydroxyl group in the molecule with the receptor. (aspetjournals.org)
Characterization of beta-adrenergic receptors in rat brain and pituitary using a new high-affinity ligand, [125I]iodocyanopindolol. (semanticscholar.org)

Previous studies have reported that the numbers of beta- and alpha-adrenergic receptors increase in ischemic myocardium. (semanticscholar.org)
Increased alpha-adrenergic receptors in ischemic cat myocardium. (semanticscholar.org)

Neuropeptide Y and angiotensin II levels, adenylyl cyclase activity, β-adrenergic receptors, G sα , and G iα were investigated. (ahajournals.org)

The April 2008 RCSB PDB Molecule of the Month feature on Adrenergic Receptors by David S. Goodsell is 10.2210/rcsb_pdb/mom_2008_4 . (proteopedia.org)

At these junctions nicotinic receptors function as the excitatory receptor for the postsynaptic cell. (washington.edu)

One such β-arrestin-mediated pathway uses the β 1 -adrenergic receptor (β 1 AR) to transactivate the EGFR. (pnas.org)
In the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway, tyrosine is converted in three steps to norephinephrine (NE). (google.com)
Alternatively, the catecholamine biosynthetic pathway can be suppressed at any of the three steps, resulting in decreased levels of NE. (google.com)
Here, we tested whether genes encoding for key components of the β-adrenergic signaling pathway are associated with human longevity. (wiley.com)
We extended a computational model of the β 1 -adrenergic pathway and excitation-contraction coupling to include detailed receptor interactions for 19 ligands. (aspetjournals.org)
The complexity of the β -adrenergic receptor pathway, coupled with the influence of receptor polymorphisms, makes it difficult to intuit the effect of β -blockers on observed cardiac physiology. (aspetjournals.org)

Which adrenergic receptor is responsible for vasoconstriction of the arterioles in the skin and viscera, and intestinal relaxation? (studystack.com)
By selectively activating the alpha receptors in the mucosa tract of the respiratory and nasal pathways, pseudoephedrine produces vasoconstriction shrinking membranes and relieving congestion. (mindandmuscle.net)

Last, repeated social defeat increased c-Fos activation in IL-1 receptor type-1-deficient mice, but did not promote anxiety-like behavior or microglia activation in the absence of functional IL-1 receptor type-1. (jneurosci.org)
These findings indicate that repeated social defeat-induced anxiety-like behavior and enhanced reactivity of microglia was dependent on activation of β-adrenergic and IL-1 receptors. (jneurosci.org)
Adrenergic receptor activation is another hypothesis. (medscape.com)
Adrenergic receptors activation by catecholamines is the most important regulatory mechanism of cardiovascular performance. (frontiersin.org)
The activation of one receptor signaling system can alter the effectiveness of opposing systems. (aspetjournals.org)
Catecholamines exert physiologically important effects on the electrical properties and mechanical performance of the heart through the activation of adrenergic receptors. (ahajournals.org)
Thus, blood vessels dilate and uterine smooth muscle relaxes in response to activation of beta receptors. (washington.edu)
Sustained toll-like receptor 9 activation promotes systemic and cardiac inflammation, and aggravates diastolic heart failure in SERCA2a KO Mice. (uio.no)

Since about 1970 radioactively-labeled hormones and drugs have been used with increasing frequency for the purpose of direct identification of a wide variety of receptors for polypeptide hormones and neurotransmitters. (springer.com)

Muscarinic receptors are located postsynaptically at the parasympathetic neuroeffector junction. (washington.edu)
At these junctions muscarinic receptors function either to increase or decrease the activity of the effector cells. (washington.edu)
At this junction muscarinic receptors function to increase sweating. (washington.edu)
Drugs that block muscarinic receptors can thus interfere with sweating. (washington.edu)
Another important site of muscarinic receptors is on endothelial cells of blood vessels. (washington.edu)
Although these muscarinic receptors are not innervated by cholinergic nerve fibers, they are sensitive to circulating molecules. (washington.edu)
Ganglionic and other neural muscarinic receptors (M1) are apparently involved in CNS transmission. (washington.edu)
The classical site of muscarinic receptors is at the postganglionic parasympathetic neuroeffector junction in smooth muscle, heart, and exocrine glands. (washington.edu)
However, muscarinic receptors also exist on effectors cells, even in the absence of cholinergic innervation. (washington.edu)

Collectively, these data demonstrate that catecholamines are potent inflammatory activators of macrophages, upregulating NFkappaB and further downstream cytokine production of these cells. (biomedsearch.com)
In adrenalectomized animals, which have been used to further assess the role of catecholamines, there appears to be a compensatory increase in catecholamine generating enzymes and catecholamines in macrophages, resulting in amplification of the acute inflammatory response via engagement of alpha(2)-adrenoceptors. (biomedsearch.com)
Alternatively activated macrophages secrete catecholamines in WAT to promote browning. (nature.com)

1989) Molecular characterization of the human beta 3‐adrenergic receptor. (els.net)
Characterization of a potentially reversible increase in beta-adrenergic receptors in isolated, neonatal rat cardiac myocytes with impaired energy metabolism. (semanticscholar.org)
Alexander, R.W., Davis, J.N., and Lefkowitz, R.J. (1975) Direct identification and characterization of 6-adrenergic receptors in rat brain. (springer.com)
Caron, M.G. and Lefkowitz, R.J. (1976) Solubilization and characterization of the ß-adrenergic receptor binding sites of frog erythrocytes. (springer.com)

Cytokines down-regulate alpha1-adrenergic receptor expression during endotoxemia. (tripdatabase.com)

These receptor actions likely contribute to their therapeutic effects in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (nih.gov)
The effects of upregulation of phagocyte-derived catecholamines were investigated in two models of acute lung injury (ALI). (biomedsearch.com)
By binding to specific receptor-sites these agents appear to potentiate the effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and facilitate inhibitory GABA neurotransmission and other inhibitory transmitters. (medscape.com)
This conclusion is supported by the observations that potentiation was obtained for both the alpha and beta adrenergic effects of catecholamines in vivo and in vitro . (aspetjournals.org)
V2 receptors are responsible for antidiuretic effects of vasopressin. (scribd.com)
The following headings provide some useful examples to illustrate the various ways in which drugs can enhance the effects of adrenergic receptors. (rug.nl)
The receptor concept has been used for some time to explain the striking specificity of hormone and drug effects on tissues. (springer.com)

In adrenalectomized rats, development of ALI was enhanced and related to alpha(2)-adrenoceptors engagement but not to involvement of mineralocorticoid or glucocorticoid receptors. (biomedsearch.com)

Anatomy31

Organisms16

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs151

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment15

Phenomena and Processes33

Information Science3

Health Care2

Outline of cardiology

Dopexamine

Sympatholytic

Norepinephrine

G beta-gamma complex

Adipose tissue

Sotalol

Alfred G. Gilman

Labetalol

Smooth muscle tissue

Sympathomimetic drug

Penbutolol

Heart rate

Serafim Guimarães

Post-traumatic amnesia

Peter J. Barnes (respiratory scientist)

Tachyphylaxis

Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor

Social genomics

Premature ventricular contraction

Secondary hypertension

Chromaffin cell

Discovery and development of beta-blockers

Insulin

Vsevolod Tkachuk

Beta blocker

List of MeSH codes (D12.776.543)

Adrenergic agonist

History of catecholamine research

Adrenergic receptor

Halostachine

Phenethylamine

Posttraumatic stress disorder

Red blood cell

Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

Stimulant

Epinephrine (medication)

Melatonin

Hormone-sensitive lipase

Adipose tissue

Stress (biology)

Beta blocker

Stress (biology)

Synephrine

Thyroid hormones

cAMP-dependent pathway

Posttraumatic stress disorder

Sympathoadrenal system

Raymond C. Stevens

Norepinephrine transporter

Phenethylamine

Melatonin

Alpha-1 blocker

Category:Nadolol

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Outline of cardiology - Wikipedia

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MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1

β-Blockers alprenolol and carvedilol stimulate β-arrestin-mediated EGFR transactivation | PNAS

Metformin Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals - Drugs.com

JCI - Death begets failure in the heart

PSL301: Cardio 2 Flashcards by Airi - | Brainscape

Patent US4532331 - 1-Benzyl-2-aminomethyl imidazole derivatives - Google Patents

Familial Dysautonomia Medication: Benzodiazepines, H2 receptor antagonists, Alpha-adrenergic agonists, Corticosteroids